Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Boli Infectioase
Boli Infectioase
RUBEOLA
1. Protocol de diagnostic: - Hemoleucograma
- CRP
- IgM pentru rubeol
2. Protocol de tratament:
Simptomatice antipiretice (paracetamol, metamizol)
vitamine
artrit rubeolic AINS
isoprinosin
Encefalita /meningita rubeolic corticoterapie, depletive, neurotrofice.
3. Durata medie de spitalizare n rubeola complicat (meningita, encefalit)
10 zile
VARICELA I HERPESUL ZOSTER
1. Protocol de diagnostic: - Hemoleucograma
- glicemie
- uree
- TGP, TGO
- test HIV n Herpesul Zoster
-Puncie lombar n meningite/encefalite varceloas,
ex. FO, consult neurologic
- Rgf. toracic n cazul apariiei pneumoniei
variceloase
- Consult oftalmologic n complicaiile oculare
- Culturi din secreiile purulente n varicela
suprainfectat
2. Protocol de tratament:
Terapie simptomatic - antipiretice (metamizol, algocalmin), antialgice
3
2. Protocol de tratament:
1. Meningitele bacteriene
a). Terapia etiologic terapia cu antibiotice este o mare urgen
Meningita cu Neisseria meningitidis
Terapie standard
Penicilina G 10-12 MU/zi la adult i 200.000 UI/zi la copil, timp de 7 zile,
Ampicilin 12 g/zi la adult i 200-300 mg/kg/zi la copil
Cefalosporin de generaia a III-a (Ceftriaxon 4 g/zi la adult i 100 mg/kg/zi la
copil, sau Cefatoxim 8-12 g/zi, la adult i 200-300 mg/kg/zi la copil
4
Terapie alternativ
Cloramfenicol 3 g/zi la adult i 100 mg/kg/zi la copil
Fluorochinolone (ciprofloxacin 800-1200 mg/zi)
Meningita cu Streptococcus pneumoniae
Terapie standard
Penicilina G 20-24 MU/zi la adult i 500.000 UI/zi la copil, timp de 10-14 zile,
Ampicilin 12 g/zi la adult i 200-400 mg/kg/zi la copil
Cefalosporin de generaia a III-a (Ceftriaxon sau Cefatoxim), 10-14 zile
Terapie alternativ
Meropenem 6 g/zi la adult i 120 mg/kg/zi la copil
Vancomicin 30-40 mg//kg/zi
Meningita cu Haemophilus influenzae
Terapie standard
Ampicilin 12 g/zi la adult i 300-400 mg/kg/zi la copil, timp de 14 zile
Cefalosporin de generaia a III-a (Ceftriaxon sau Cefatoxim)
Terapie alternativ
Cloramfenicol, 3 g/zi la adult, 100 mg/kg/zi la copil, 50 mg/kg/zi la nou nscut
Cefepime 6 g/zi la adult, 150 mg/kg/zi la copil
Fluorochinolone, Aztreonam
Meningita cu Staphylococcus aureus
Oxacilin 9-12 g/zi la adult i 200 mg/kg/zi la copil, Vancomicin 30-40 mg/kg/zi
sau asocieri (oxacilin + rifampicin + ceftriaxon; vancomicin + rifampicin;
rifampicin + ciprofloxacin)
Meningita cu Enterobacteriaceae
Terapie standard
Cefalosporin de generaia a III-a, Meropenem, Fluorochinolom, Trimetoprim sulfamethoxazol
Meningita cu Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Terapie standard
Ceftazidim sau Cefepime
Terapie alternativ
Meropenem, Fluorochinolone,
Meningita cu Listeria monocgtogenes
Terapie standard
Ampicilin sau Penicilin
Terapie alternativ
Cefalosporin de generaia a III-a, vancomicin,
5
15 mg/kg/zi) administrat zilnic timp de 3 luni, apoi 3/7 sau 2/7 pn la 9 luni, n
funcie de evoluia clinic i a LCR
- antituberculoasele de rezerv sunt fluorochinolonele (ciprofloxacina 1-1,5 g/zi,
ofloxacin 1-1,5 g/zi), cicloserina 10-20 mg/kg/zi, Ethionamida 15-20 mg/kg/zi,
Capreomicina 15 mg/kg/zi
Terapia patogenic asociaz din prima lun de tratament corticoterapia
(dexametazona 0,5 mg/kg/zi sau hemisuccinat de hidrocortizon (10 mg/kg/zi),
continuat apoi cu prednison (1 mg/kg/zi)
- depletive (manitol 20% 1-2 mg/kg/zi, glucoz 10-20%)
- neurotrofice (vit. B1, B6, piracetam, cerebrolyzine, tanakan)
- sedative, anticonvulsivante
- soluii de reechilibrare hidroelectrolitic
Durata medie de spitalizare
- meningite bacteriene i virale 10 zile
- meningite TBC 30 zile
ENCEFALITE ACUTE
1. Protocol de diagnostic: - puncie lombar cu examenul LCR aspect, reacia
Pandy, numr elemente, citologie, frotiu direct (Gram, Zichl,
Nielsen), glicorahie, proteinorahie, clorurorahie, culturi pentru
piogeni i pentru BK, latexoglutinare
- examen fund de ochi
- examen CT sau RMN cerebral
- Hemoleucograma
- CRP, VSH
- Fibrinogen
- glicemie
- uree
- TGP
- examen serologic
- EEG consult neurologic
2. Protocol de tratament
Medicaia patogenic
- Antiedematoase cerebrale (Manitol 20% 1-2 g/kg/zi, glucoz hiperton,
furosemid)
- Corticoterapie (dexametazon 0,5 mg/kg/zi timp de 10-28 zile)
- Anticonvulsivante (diazepam, fenobarbital)
- Soluii de reechilibrare hidroelectrolitic i acidobazic (glucoz 5-10%, ser
fiziologic, bicarbonat, asigurarea aportului energetic)
- Susinerea funciilor vitale (respiratorie i cardiovascular)
- Neurotrope (vitamina B1, B6, B12, piracetam, lecitin, piritinol,
cerebrolyzine)
Tratament etiotrop
7
c). Tratament
- administrare ATPA, ulterior la 7, 14, 30 zile de la prima injecie
- curirea plgii i splare abundent cu ap oxigenat, fr aplicare de pulberi,
unguente
- internarea pacientului pe TI (n condiii speciale, linite, semintuneric)
- terapie antibiotic Penicilina 2-4 mil UI/zi i.v., 7-10 zile adult; 100.000
UI/kg/zi copil
- administrare antitoxine tetanice sub form de imunoglobuline umane specifice
antitetanice 3000 6000 UI i.m.) n absena acesteia, se administreaz ser
imun heterolog antitetanic 50.000 UI 100.000 UI la adult, 10.000 UI la nounscut, efectundu-se n prealabil desensibilizarea
- combaterea sindromului de contractur Diazepam sau Fenobarbital (30-300
mg/zi Diazepam la adult).
- n forme severe cu contracturi paroxistice, apnee, spasm plastic se indic
traheostomie i asisten respiratorie.
- Terapia patogenic asigurarea aportului energetic, corectarea dezechilibrelor,
oxigenoterapie.
- Tratamentul complicaiilor prevenirea bolii serului prin administrarea
corticoterapiei din ziua a 4-a dup administrarea serului
- Septice (asocierea de antibiotice)
d). Profilaxie vaccinarea DTP.
GRIPA
a). Investigaii: - HLG, evaluarea bilanului metabolic, CRP
- RFC grip
- Rgf. Pulmonar (n caz de suprainfecie)
b). Tratament repaus la pat
b1. Simptomatic (antitermic, antitusive, oxigenoterapia sau ventilaia
asistat n caz de insuficien respiratorie sever)
b2. Antibiotic (n cazul suprainfeciilor bacteriene) Penicilina + inhibitori de
beta-lactamaze + aminoglicozide
- fluorchinolone
- cefalosporine gen. III
b3. Corticoterapie (n formele severe cu insuficien circulatorie, n
complicaii tip crup sau complicaii neurologice)
- 1-2 mg/kg cPDN sau HHC 100-200 mg/zi la adult sau 10-20 mg/kg/zi la
copil
b4. Bronhodilatatorii
b5. Antivirale (Amantadina, Rimantadina)
c). Profilaxie Vaccinarea antigripal
- chimioprofilaxia cu Amantadina sau Rimantadina
d). Durata de spitalizare ~ 7 zile
MONONUCLEOZA INFECIOAS
a). Investigaii: HLG, TGP, CRP, Exudat faringian
- R. Paul-Bunnel-Davidsohn
- Determinare Ac. fa de antigenul precoce
b). Tratament:
- repaus la pat
- tratament simptomatic (AINS, antitermice, antalgice)
- n caz de complicaii: 1. Suprainfeciile bacteriene se trateaz cu Penicilin sau
macrolide
2. Obstrucia cilor respiratorii necesit traheostomie i
corticoterapie PDN 1-1,5 mg/kg/zi
3. Neurologice
(encefalit, poliradiculanevril, sdr.
cerebeloase, meningit limfocitar) i hematologice
(anemie
hemolitic,
purpur
trombocitopenica,
crioglobulinemie) necesit corticoterapie
- hepatoprotectoare
c). Durata medie de spitalizare 7-10 zile
DIAREEA
1.
-
2. Tratament
a). Patogenic i simptomatic reechilibrare hidroelectrolitic i acidobazic,
antiemetice, antispastice
- regim alimentar
b). Tratament etiologic:
Escherichia Coli Aminopeniciline
- Fluorchinolone
- Colimicina
~ 5 zile
- Cotrimoxazol
- Cloramfenicol
- Cefalosporine gen. III
Salmonella Fluorchinolone
- Cefalosporine gen. III
~ 5 zile
10
~ 5 zile
pneumoniilor
Stafilococ meti-R
Myc. pneumoniae
Ch. pneumoniae
Legionella
BGN
Anaerobi
Aspergillus
Pn. Carini
Prima alegere
Alternativ
Penicilina G/ Amoxicilina
Macrolid, Clindamicin
fluorchinolone respiratorii/ Macrolid, Glicopeptid
Ceftriaxon
Oxacilin + Rifampicin
Cefalosporine gen. I, II,
fluorchinolone respiratorii,
cotrimoxazol, Clindamicin
Vancomicin +
Linezolid
Rifampicin/aminoglicozid
Macrolid
Cicline, fluorchinolone
Cicline
Macrolid,
fluorchinolone
resp.
Rifampicina+
fluorchinolone respiratorii
Macrolid
Azitromicina
Betalactamine active pe
BGN+aminoglicozide
Clindamicina/
Penicilina/Aminopenicilina +
betalactamine-inhibitori
metronidazol
de beta-lactamaze
Voriconazol
Amfotericina B
cotrimoxazol
Clindamicin + Primachine
12
Agent
etiologic
Pn. Carini
CMV
Aspergillu
s
bk
Tratament
cotrimoxazol +
corticoizi
Gangyclovir
Voriconazol/
Amfotericin B
tuberculostatice
INTFECTIA URLIANA
I.DIAGNOSTIC PARACLINIC
1.INVESTIGATII NESPECIFICE
-hemoleucograma, VSH, CRP, Fibrinogen,
-amilaza serica, amilaza urinara, uree, glicemie, TGP,
-sumar urina
*In determinare meningiana - punctie lombara - LCR - clar, opalin, limf. (90 %),
leucocite-300-2000/mm3
- alb.usor , cl = N, gl = N,
bacterioscopic negative
-EKG (in determinare miocardica)
-Ecografie abdomino-pelvina (in determinare pancreatica, orhita)
II.DIAGNOSTIC ETIOLOGIC
-serologic-evidentiere IgM antivirus urlian-RFC,Reactie de neutralizare,RIH
-evidentiere Ac anti virus urlian din LCR-ELISA
14
II.TRATAMENT
1.Igieno - dietetic - spitalizare in complicatii,determineri extrasalivare
- repaus la pat
- regim alimentar fara dulciuri,fara grasimi,hiposodat in caz de
corticoterapie
- caldura umeda regiunea parotidiana tumefiata
Parotidita, submaxilita
2.Simptomatic - analgezice, antitermice, antiemetice, sedative, fermenti
pancreatici, vitamine (multivitamine), vitamina C
3.Patogenic AINS- ibubrufen, ketoprofen, diclofenac; anitacide dicarbocalm,
malucol;
- anti H2 po, inj.-ranitidina; IPP omeprazol;
Pancreatita
1. Igieno - dietetic intreruperea temporara a alimentatiei orale(1-2 zile)
2. Simptomatic antispastice, antialgice, antiemetice, antiH2inj., IPP, antiacide,
KCL 1-2 g/zi
3. Patogenic PEV-cu Ringer, ser fiziologic, glucoza 5%, aminoacizi;
- AINS
- corticoterapie de scurta durata:prednison 1 mg/kg/zi 5-7 zile,
dexametazona 0,4 mg/kg/zi 5-7 zile;
Orhita
1. Igieno-dietetic - regim alimentar mentionat anterior
- imobilizare la pat; comprese reci local (punga cu gheata)
- suspensor pentru testiculul inflamat
2. Simptomatic mentionat anterior (la pancreatita)
3. Patogenic mentionat anterior (la pancreatita)
Meningita, Encefalita urliana
1. Igieno-dietetic mentionat anterior
2. Simptomatic antitermice, antialgice, antiemetice, sedative, fermenti
pancreatici, anticonvulsivante-fenobarbital, diazepam
3.Patogenic AINS
- CORTICOTERAPIE dexametazona -0,4 mg/kg/zi 2-3 prize/zi, 7-14
zile
-1 f la 12 ore
- solumedrol 2-4mg/kg/zi 2 prize/zi
-HHC-10 mg/kg/zi la 6h
-200-400 mg/zi la 6h
- ANTIEDEMATOASE CEREBRALE manitol 20% 1-2g/kg/zi 3 zile
- furosemid 1-2mg/kg/zi, 1f la 12 h, 2-3
prize/zi
- glucoza 10 %, sulfat de Mg
- PEV cu vitamine B1, B6, C, calciu gluconic, reechilibrare volemica, H-ERinger, ser fiziologic, antiH2inj., antiacide, KCl 1-2 g/zi;
15
-AgHBe
-Ac totali anti HBc
-Ac anti Hbe
-Ac anti HBs
3.EXPLORARI IMAGISTICE
*Ecografie abdominala
*CT (computer tomograf) abdominal
17
* Hepatita virala acuta cu virus C-Ac anti HCV (totali )-apar dupa 7-31 sapt. de la
infectare;
-IgM anti HCV-indisponibili
3.EXPLORARI IMAGISTICE
*ecografie abdominala
*CT(computer tomograf) abdominal-in formele severe
II.TRATAMENT
1.IGIENO-DIETETIC-repaus la pat;
-regim alimentar de protectie hepatica(H-L-Zinitial,ulterior carne de pasare,vita)
-regim hiposoat in corticoterapie
2.SIMPTOMATIC-antiemetice,antispastice,antialgice;calmante ale pruritului (anti
H1,colestiramina,alcool mentolat)
3.PATOGENIC
-in forme comune-PEV cu Glucoza 5%sau 10% (aport energetic),vitamine
B1,B6,C
-hepatoprotectoare-PEV cu Aspatofort,Arginina
-silimarina,LIV52,fosfolipide
esentiale,farcovit,metaspar,hepaton,sargenor ,acid orotic;
-vitamina K-in formele cu IQ,hemoragice;
-coleretice-colebil,bilichol,metoclopramid;
-anti H2 arnetin,quamatel(inj./po)
-in formele colestatice-ursofalk,fenobarbital,bilichol,colestiramina; antispastice(nospa),ampicilina-inj.; -corticoterapie scurta-prednison 1mg/kg.c/zi-5-7zile
Corticoterapie
-in formele severe -fulminanta-HHC 10-20 mg/kg.c/zi 3-4 prize 5-7 zile
-Dexametazona 0,3-0,5 mg/kg.c/zi
-colestatice-Prednison
TRATAMENT HEPATITA FULMINANTA FORMA SEVERA-COMATOASA
1.Suprimarea proteinelor din dieta
2.Sustinere metabolica,energetica-PEV-Glucoza,vitamine B1,B6,C
3.Sustinere volemica,H-E,A-B:Ringer,Ser fiziologic,bicarbonat de sodiu
4.Amoniofixatoare-Arginina-Sorbitol,Ornitina,Multiglutin,Aspatofort
5.Antibiotice neresorbabile (posau sonda)-inhiba flora proteolitica,productia de
NH3:neomicina2g/zi la 6h,streptomicina 2g/zi la 6h,colimicina 3000000 u/zi la
6h,normix 300mg la 6h
6.Hemostatice(profilaxia hemoragiei)-etamsilat,adrenostazin,vitamina K,calciu
gluconic,vitamina C,venostat
7.Prevenirea HDS:-anti H2-inj.-arnetin,axid,quamatel;IPP-omeprazol,pantoprazol
8.Sange,plasma-aport de factori de coagulare si anticorpi
9.Sedative-haloperidol,fenobarbital,romergan,clordelazin
10.Corticoterapie-HHC-10-20mg/kg/zi la 6h in edem cerebral
11.Antiedematoase cerebrale-in encefalopatia hepatica-Glucoza10%,Manitol20%
1-2g/kg/zi,Furosemid 1-2 g/kg/zi,1f la 12 h,HHC 400-600mg/zi la 6h
12.Imunoglobuline specifice umane
19
LEPTOSPIROZA
I.DIAGNOSTIC PARACLINIC
1.DIAGNOSTIC NESPECIFIC
*Hemoleucograma(Hb,Ht,NL,FL,TR);VSH,CRP,Fibrinogen;
*uree,creatinina,TGP,TGO,BT,BD,FA,gt,IQ(Indice de protrombina)
*ionograma serica,CPK
*sumar urina-albuminurie,hematurie,cilindri hematici,leucociturie
-pigmenti biliari +
*in CID-ul din Leptospiroza-scaderea IQ,FG,TR,
-cresterea TH,TQ
*in meningita leptospirotica-Punctie lombara PL-LCR-clar,xanto,20-300 leuc./mm
cub,limf-60-90%,alb<1g/l,cl=n,gl=n.
3.EXPLORARI IMAGISTICE
*Rg.toracica-fata,profil
*EKG-in miocardita
*Ecografie abdomino-pelvina
4.DIAGNOSTIC ETIOLOGIC
*RFC-Leptospire-serI +ser II(la 10-14 zile de la serul I)-Reactia de fixare a
complementului
*RAL-Reactia de aglutinare liza
*IgM anti leptospire (ELISA,RIA)
5.CONSULTURI INTERSECTII NECESARE
*cardiologic,nefrologic,neurologic,oftalmologic
II.TRATAMENT
1.Igieno-dietetic-izolare+spitalizare;repaus la pat;
-regim alimentar de protectie hepatica,hiposodat in
corticoterapie
2.Tratament etiologic
*PenicilinaG-6-8mil/zi la 6h iv 7-10 zile
*Ampicilina 6-8g/zi la 6h iv 7-10 zile;
*Amoxicilina/acid clavulanic 2,4g la 8 h iv;Ampicilina/sulbactam 3g la 8 ore iv;
-in formele usoare-Amoxicilina 4-8g/zi-3prize po.
*Cefalosporinele gen.3(Cefotaxim,Ceftriaxon,Latamoxef)-insuficient experimentate
clinic
*Alergici la peniciline-in forme usoare-Doxiciclin100mgx2/zi-7zile,Tetraciclina 23g/zi la 6h;
-Eritromicina 2-4g/zi la
20
TRATAMENT
1. Etiologic
- Sptmna 1 : - Piperazin (Nematocton)
- Sptmna 2-3 : - Albendazol
400 mg/zi
- Mebendozol
10-15 mg/kg/zi
(Vermox - este preferabil in faza visceral)
- Tiabendazol
50 mg/kg/zi
- Flubendazol 1,5 mg/kg/zi
Durata tratamentului = 10 14 zile
2. Patogenic
- HHC apoi PDN 1mg/kg/zi , 10 15zi
manifestri alergice
afectare miocardic
manifestri neurologice
forme severe
- Reechilibrarea hidroelectrolitic (soluii cristaloide, sol. KCl, NaCl)
- Reechilibrarea acidobazic (soluie bicarbonat)
- Aport energetic (ser glucozat 5%, 10%)
- Combaterea hipercatabolism proteic (soluii aminoacizi, plasm,
anabolizante, vitamine grup B)
- Sedative
- Cardiotonice
- Hepatoprotectoare injectabil i po.
- Antipiretice
- Antibiotice (dac sunt infecii secundare, n funcie de antibiogram)
Durata spitalizrii = 10 zile.
RABIA
I. Profilaxia pre-expunere
- identificarea persoanelor cu risc crescut
- vaccinarea cu vaccin im la: 0 7 21 28 zile
II. Profilaxia post-expunere
Identificare risc - profunzimea i localizarea mucturii
- starea animalului
RISC PLAGA
D. RISC ANIMAL
minor
mediu
major
minor
observaie
vaccin
ser + vaccin
Mediu
vaccin +
ser + vacin
ser + vaccin
observaie
Major
ser + vaccin
ser + vaccin
ser + vaccin
Categorii de risc pentru animal :
- minor animal aparent sntos, sau provocat, care poate fi urmrit
10-14 zile
22
- mediu animal
bolnav
disprut
mort
- major animal slbatic
- animal cu rabie confirmat
Categorii de risc pentru plag:
- minor
plag superficial, nesngernd, lins
plag la distan de cap
- mediu
plag profund
plag in zone bogat inervate (degete, OGE)
- major
plag la cap, gt
orice mrime sau profunzime
TRATAMENT:
A.: toaleta local a plgii
- splare abundent cu ap i spun
- apoi tinctur de iod/alcool local
- plaga se las s sngereze un timp, pn la hemostaz
spontan i nu se va fora hemostaza dect n hemoragii
abundente prin rupture vasculare
- drenajul plgii ( nu se sutureaz per primam)
- pansament steril
B. : imunizarea pasiv 40 U/kg (serantirabic, Ig antirabice = RIG)
C. : imunizare activ (vaccin antirabic/VERORAB 0,5 ml 0 -3 -7 14 28 )
!!! Vaccinul antirabic + RIG se recomand n orice expunere/muctur,
orice localizare a plgii i orice posibilitate de a urmri animalul
ENDOCARDITA
Diagnostic de laborator
- hemoleucograma
- VSH, fibrinogen, CRP, ASLO
- Sediment urinar
- Electroforeza proteinelor serice
- Bilant metabolic
- Bilant al functiilor vitale
- Determinari imunologice (complement, FR)
- Examen fund de ochi
- EKG
Confirmarea diagnosticului :
- ecocardiografie
- ecografie cardiaca transesofagiana
23
Diagnostic etiologic
hemoculturi + antibiograma + CMI, CMB
3 probe la interval de 60 minute, insamantate pe medii diferite (aerobi,
anaerobi, fungi) incubate 3 saptamani
Daca a primit tratament antibiotic anterior, repeta hemocultura la 7 zile
culturi determinarile secundare periferice.
ENDOCARDITA POSIBILA
A.Valva nativa
Poarta de
intrare
probabila
Dentar
Digestiv,
urinar,
genital
Cutanat
Necunoscut
a*
Agentul
etiologic
posibil
Streptococi
Viridans /
nonviridans
Enteroc,
Str.bovis,
BGN
stafilococ
Tratamentul de
prima intentie
Alternative
terapeutice
Durata
terapiei
Penicilina G
/AminoPen
+Aminoglicozid
AminoPen
Aminoglicozid
Glicopeptide
+Aminoglicozi
d
Glicopeptide
+Aminoglicozi
d
Glicopeptide
+Aminoglicozi
d
Glicopeptide
+Aminoglicozi
d
4
saptamani
Oxacilina
Aminoglicozid
AminoPen
Aminoglicozid
6
saptamani
4
saptamani
6
saptamani
*
Proteza valvulara
- Precoce ( sub 2 luni )
- tardiva ( peste 2 luni )
Tratamentul de prima intentie : Glicopeptide +Aminoglicozid Rifampicina
(timp de
6
saptamani )
!! evaluare la o saptamana de tratament ; in caz de evolutie nefavorabila, se
recomanda schimbarea terapiei ( Cefalosporine gen III + Aminoglicozid
antifungic)
de
24
ENDOCARDITA CERTA
( cu etiologie demonstrata )
AGENTUL
TERAPIE
ETIOLOGIC
RECOMANDATA
ALTERNATIVE
DE PRIMA
INTENTIE
Streptococ Pen -
Penicilina G
sensibil
aminoglicozid
Streptococ - Pen -
Aminopeniciline +
rezistent
aminoglicozid
Glicopeptide (
Teicoplanina )
Enterococ ampi -
Aminopeniciline +
sensibil
aminoglicozid
Enterococ ampi -
AminoPen + inh
Glicopeptide /
rezistent
lactamaze
Carbapeneme
aminoglicozid
aminoglicozid
Enterococ genta -
AminoPen + inh
Glicopeptide /
rezistent
lactamaze
Carbapeneme
Enterococ vanco -
Linezolid
Cefalosporine gen. IV
rezistent
/ Tazocin
Fluorchinolone
- sensibil
Cefalosporine gen I
aminoglicozid
Linezolid
- rezistent
Cefalosporine gen. IV
Carbapeneme
aminoglicozid
HACEK
Ceftriaxona
AminoPen + inh
aminoglicozid
lactamaze
aminoglicozid
BGN
Fluorchinolone +
/ Tazocin +
aminoglicozid
aminoglicozid
Carbapeneme
25
Bacil piocianic
Carbapeneme
Cefalosporine gen. IV
/ Tazocin
Fluorchinolone
fungi
Voriconazol
Amfotericina B
Caspofungin
Fluconazol
INFECTII URINARE
I. Diagnostic
- ex. sumar urina
- hemoleucograma
- VSH, CRP
- urocultura
- hemocultura
identificare factori favorizanti
ecografie renala si pelvina
glicemie
sarcina (test sarcina, ecografie, consult ginecologic)
obstacol (UIV)
II. Tratament in functie de forma clinica
Forma
clinica
Etiologie
Tratament
de prima intentie
Alternative
terapeutice
AminoPen /
AminoPen+
+inhib.lactamaza
+Aminoglicozid
Fluorochinolone
lactamina
antipiocianic
+inhib.lactamaza
( Timentin / Tazocin
)
Durata
tratam
ent
14 zile*
aminoglicozid
Carbapeneme
saprophyticu
s
Enterococ
BGN (E. coli,
PNA
complicat
a severa
Proteus,
Klebsiella)
Staphilococc
us
14 21
zile *
26
saprophyticu
s
Enterococ
Piocianic
Serratia
BGN (E. coli,
PNA la
gravida
Proteus,
Klebsiella)
Staphilococc
us
ITU
Nosocomi
ala
saprophyticu
s
Enterococ
BGN (E. coli,
AminoPen /
AminoPen+
+inhib.lactamaza
lactamina
antipiocianic
Proteus,
Klebsiella)
Piocianic
Acinetobacte
r
Fungi
+inhib.lactamaza
( Timentin / Tazocin
)
+ Fluorochinolone /
aminoglicozid
antifungic
(Fluconazol)
14 zile*
14 21
zile *
aminoglicozid
Carbapeneme
Voriconazol /
Caspofungin
* tratament iv pana are minim 48 ore de afebrilitate, apoi poate primi tratament
po (AminoPen+inhib.lactamaza sau Fluorochinolone)
Forma
clinica
Abces
intrarenal
cortical*
Abces
intrarenal
cortico-
Etiologie
Staphilococc
us
aureus
meti
sensibil
Staphilococc
us
aureus
meti
rezistent
Staphilococc
us
aureus
Tratament
de prima intentie
Alternative
Terapeutice
Oxaclina +
aminoglicozid
Fluorochinolone
Durata
tratam
ent
10 14
zile inj.
apoi 2
4 sapt
trat. po
Glicopeptide
Linezolid
Carbapeneme
10 14
zile
lactamina
+inhib.lactamaza
Fluorochinolone /
10 14
zile inj.
apoi 2
27
aminoglicozid
4 sapt
Fluorochinolone inj
trat. po
*Drenaj chirurgical percutan (in caz de esec al terapiei cu antibiotice / abces
mare / urosepsis / uropatie obstructiva )
medular*
BGN
V. Durata spitalizarii
ITU necomplicate = 7-10 zile
ITU complicate = 10 21 zile
SEPSIS
Diagnostic clinic si paraclinic
SIRS ( Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome)
leucocitoza
trombocitopenie
28
Respirator
-paCO2 > 50 mm Hg
-dependenta de respiratie artificiala 24
ore
- creatinina >3,5 mg/dl
Renal
Hematologic
Hepatic
SNC
sever )
MSOF (Multiple Systemic Organ Failure ) = SEPSIS + min 3 insuf. de organ /
sistem
Diagnostic bacteriologic
-hemoculturi
-culturi din lichide / umori normal sterile ( LCR, lichid pleural, lichid pericardic,
lichid articular etc.)
29
TRATAMENT
A.Tratament etiologic
Terapia de prima intentie, pana la izolarea si identificarea agentului patogen
( terapie de de-escaladare )
-
GLICOPEPTIDE Teicoplanina
OXAZOLIDINONE Linezolid
piocianic)
- Ticarcilina + Acid clavulanic ( Timentin)
- Piperacilina + Tazobactam ( Tazocin )
30
AGENTUL
TERAPIE
ETIOLOGIC
RECOMANDATA
ALTERNATIVE
DE PRIMA
INTENTIE
meningococ
Ceftriaxona
Penicilina G
Penicilina G
Macrolide
Pneumococ Pen -
AminoPen + inh
Penicilina G
sensibil
lactamaze
Pneumococ - Pen -
Streptococ hemolitic
gr. A
rezistent
Streptococ gr. B
Ceftriaxona
aminoglicozid
Enterococ ampi -
Aminopeniciline
sensibil
aminoglicozid
Enterococ ampi -
AminoPen + inh
Glicopeptide /
rezistent
lactamaze
Carbapeneme
aminoglicozid
aminoglicozid
Enterococ genta -
AminoPen + inh
Glicopeptide /
rezistent
lactamaze
Carbapeneme
Enterococ vanco -
Linezolid
Cefalosporine gen. IV
rezistent
/ Tazocin
Fluorchinolone
- sensibil
Cefalosporine gen I
aminoglicozid
Linezolid
- rezistent
Carbapeneme
Cefalosporine gen. IV
Haemophilus
Ceftriaxona
AminoPen + inh
influenzae
lactamaze
Cloramfenicol
BGN
Fluorchinolone +
31
Bacil piocianic
/ Tazocin +
aminoglicozid
aminoglicozid
Carbapeneme
Carbapeneme
Cefalosporine gen. IV
/ Tazocin
Fluorchinolone
anaerobi
Carbapeneme
Metronidazol
Cloramfenicol
B.Tratament patogenic
- tratamentul socului:- corectarea hipovolemiei si refacerea masei circulante
( sange, inlocuitori de plasma, solutii glucozate,
solutii saline)
- oxigenoterapie ( corectarea hipoxemiei )
- medicatia tonicardiaca ( amine simpatomimetice )
- corticoterapie
- heparinizare ( daca sunt semne de CID )
-
C.Tratamentul adjuvant
- drenarea chirurgicala a colectiilor purulente, primare sau secundare
-
33