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Various studies in the last decades demonstrate that the pharmaceutical treatment is
insufficient when dealing with the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD,
because patients still experience difficulties at both cognitive and psychosocial levels.
Researchers emphasize the need for a complementary treatment. An unquestionable
influence of mindfulness training and meditation on these patients has been noticed.
Neuroscience studies show that during meditation both anterior cingulate cortex and
dorsolateral prefrontal areas are activated, thus leading to an improvement in brain
plasticity. Studies argue that clinical integration of these two practices contributes to an
improvement in attention, an increase in inhibition of automatic responses, a higher
emotional stability and a decrease in anxiety. On one hand, the mindfulness training is
appropriate for adolescents with ADHD, while, on the other hand, meditation is more
suitable for children.
attention, mindfulness, meditation, ADHD
Introducere
Prin acest articol de sintez am ncercat s
aducem cteva argumente privind terapiile
complementare n tratarea ADHD, abordri care
par s amelioreze aceast afeciune ntr-o msur
semnificativ, deoarece cercetrile teoretice i
rezultatele practice subliniaz faptul c
tratamentul medicamentos i terapia cognitivcomportamental nu sunt suficiente.
n rndul copiilor i adolescenilor care
prezint simptome din sfera ADHD, de cele mai
multe ori apar dificulti n meninerea ateniei pe
o perioad ndelungat de timp i n meninerea
scopurilor i a planurilor n minte, n acelai timp
existnd i o incapacitate de inhibare a
rspunsurilor (Barkley 1998, apud. Saskia van der
Oord 2011). Consecinele acestor deficite sunt
diversele
comportamente
de
neatenie,
impulsivitate i hiperactivitate, care cu timpul duc
la inadaptare social, dac nu sunt tratate.
Dana CRISTOLAN
Dana CRISTOLAN
Figura 1.
Este necesar s inem cont de faptul c
trainingul mindfulness i meditaia nu sunt acelai
lucru nici n practic, nici n teorie, cu toate c
trainingul mindfulness presupune o mbuntire
nu doar psihilogic, dar i spiritual (Walsh i
Shapiro 2006, apud Semple, 2011), deoarece, la
nivel formal, meditaia este considerat o
component a religiilor estice, printre care
Taoismul i Budismul, prin prezena experienei
transcenderii, pe cnd conceptul de mindfulness,
din aria psihologiei, este independent de religie.
Concluzii
n concluzie, trainingul mindfulness i
meditaia ntregesc tratamentul pentru deficitul de
atenie i hiperactivitate, cele dou practici
acionnd n plan cognitiv, emoional, fizic i
spiritual, dezvoltnd orientarea ateniei, gradul de
contientizare, capacitatea de observare i
capacitatea de inhibare a rspunsurilor automate,
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Barkley, R. A. (1998). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder:
A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York:
Guilford Press.
Van der Oord, S., Prins, P. J. M., Oosterlaan, J., &
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2008). Efficacy of methylphenidate,
psychosocial treatments and their combination in schoolaged children with ADHD: A meta-analysis. Clinical
Psychology Review, 28, 783800.
Schachter HM, Pham B, King J, Langford S, Moher D (2001).
How efficacious and safe is short-acting ethylphenidate for