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Modern science is usually divided into three major branches which consist
of: the natural sciences (for example, biology, chemistry, and physics),
which study nature in the broadest sense; social sciences (eg economics,
psychology and sociology), which study individuals and societies; and
formal sciences (eg, logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science),
which study abstract concepts. There is disagreement as to whether the
formal sciences are in fact a science, as they are not based on empirical
evidence.
Disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge for practical purposes,
such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied sciences.
Science is based on research, which is frequently conducted in academic
and research institutions, as well as in government agencies and
companies. The practical impact of scientific research has led to the
emergence of scientific policies that seek to influence the scientific
community by prioritizing the development of commercial products,
armaments, health care and environmental protection.
Natural sciences: These are sciences whose object of study is nature and
the understanding of natural phenomena.
Social sciences: They are a group of academic disciplines that study the
human aspects of the world. They differ from art in that they use the
scientific method in the study of humanity, including qualitative and
quantitative methods.