TIMPURILE VERBELOR IN ENGLEZA

Pentru verbul in engleza timpurile difera fundamental fata de cele ale limbii romane.
De aceea nu trebuie cautate in permanenta echivalente exacte intre cele doua limbi.
Asa cum ne asteptam exista 3 timpuri de desfasurare a unei actiuni: prezent(present), trecut(past)
si viitor(future).
Verbul la aceste timpuri il voi numi deocamdata simplu. Mai jos se observa ca la randul lor
aceste timpuri ale verbului in engleza (tenses) pot fi: propriu-zise sau propriu-zis perfecte.
Dar si timpurile propriu-zise si propriu-zis perfecte pot fi propriu-zise sau continui.
Explicatii generale pentru timpurile verbului in engleza anume: simplu, simplu continuu, simplu perfect,
simplu perfect continuu

Simplu - verbul reprezinta o actiune prezenta, trecuta sau viitoare nelimitata in timp.
Continuu - verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat prezent, trecut sau
viitor care in momentul acela se petrece simultan cu o alta actiune.

Simplu Perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat prezent,
trecut sau viitor

Continuu Perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat prezent,
trecut sau viitor si continuind sau nu in acel moment

In limba engleza nu exista conjugari ca in limbile latine (romana, franceza etc)

Verbul in engleza este fie regulat fie neregulat.
Pentru ilustrarea timpurilor in engleza vom folosi un verb regulat
Ca si in romana, verbul in engleza are 2 diateze: activa si pasiva

Verbul in engleza la diateza activa

Actiunea e facuta de subiect
De exemplu luam verbul to work (a munci). In engleza verbul to work e regulat: work - worked
- worked
Iar verbul to fall(a cadea) e neregulat: fall - fell - fallen
Desi doar Alice in tara minunilor poate cadea cu verbul la un timp continuu (pentru ca dureaza in
timp), chiar si acest verb are timpuri continui pentru ca apare in diferite expresii:

I am falling in love = Ma indragostesc

My life is falling apart = Mi se duce viata de rapa
Diferente intre timpurile verbelor regulate si neregulate nu exista. Ceea ce se poate observa la
verbul neregulat este modul cum se folosesc cele trei cuvinte care definesc verbul adica: fall, fell
si fallen. Pentru orice alt verb neregulat cele trei parti se inlocuiesc fiecare in parte cu cele trei
parti ale verbului considerat.

To work = A munci (verb regulat)

Present Tense
I work
You work
He works
She works
We work
You work
They work
Present Continuous
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Present Perfect
I have worked
You have worked
He has worked
She has worked
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked

Present Perfect Continuous

I have been working
You have been working
He has been working
She has been working
We have been working
You have been working
They have been working
Past Tense
I worked
You worked
He worked
She worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
Past Continuous
I was working
You were working
He was working
She was working
We were working
You were working
They were working
Past Perfect
I had worked
You had worked
He had worked
She had worked
We had worked
You had worked
They had worked

Past Perfect Continuous

I had been working
You had been working
He had been working
She had been working
We had been working
You had been working
They had been working
Future Tense
I will work
You will work
He will work
She will work
We will work
You will work
They will work
Future Continuous
I will be working
You will be working
He will be working
She will be working
We will be working
You will be working
They will be working
Future Perfect
I will have worked
You will have worked
He will have worked
She will have worked
We will have worked
You will have worked
They will have worked
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been working
You will have been working

He will have been working

She will have been working
We will have been working
You will have been working
They will have been working

Conjugarea pentru verbul neregulat to fall - a cadea e la lectia 'verbe neregulate'.

Oricum timpurile verbelor si cand se folosesc este aceeasi si la verbe regulate si la cele
neregulate.
Numai modul in care se conjuga difera.

1.1. I work - Present Tense - Timpul Present

Verbul exprima o actiune prezenta nelimitata in timp.

Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane este echivalent cu present tense din engleza

O actiune prezenta in derulare (mereu, cateodata sau niciodata)

What do you do? I work at a bank.

Cu ce te ocupi? Lucrez la o banca

She never works so late

Ea niciodata nu lucreaza atat de tarziu

Un adevar absolut, chiar daca se desfasoara si in clipa asta (vezi prezentul continuu, timpul
urmator)
The earth spins around the sun.

Pamantul se invarteste in jurul soarelui.

Se poate folosi pe post de viitor

The store closes at 9:00pm

Magazinul se inchide la 9:00pm.

Viitorul limbii romana se traduce cu Prezent Tense in limba engleza dupa: after, before, when, as
soon as, while etc daca exprima o actiune viitoare

Someday when I am big and strong.

Candva, cand voi fi mare si puternic

Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu present tense din limba engleza

Atunci cand verbul descrie o actiunea care se desfasoara acum (in clipa dialogului) - atunci
se foloseste prezentul continuu.
I am working in the garden

Lucrez in gradina

Folosind verbul in engleza la prezentul continuu indica faptul ca te referi la clipa asta.
I work in the garden - inseamna ca asta e ocupatia ta. De exemplu ca esti gradinar.
Sus
1.2. I am working - Present Continuous - Prezent Continuu

Verbul arata o actiune in derulare in prezent care se petrece simultan cu o alta actiune. Este legat
de actiuni concrete.

Situatii in care timpul prezent al limbii romane este echivalent cu present continuous din engleza

Verbul reprezinta o actiune ce se petrece in clipa asta (simultana cu momentul in care

vorbesc)
I am working on my new book.

Lucrez la noua mea carte.

Verbul descrie o actiune generala dar simultana cu o alta actiune

By the time the alarm goes off I am already
working.

Cand suna ceasul eu deja lucrez (am inceput

lucrul)

Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu Present Continuous din engleza

Vezi cazurile timpului prezent 1.1. I work

Sus

1.3. I have worked - Present Perfect - Prezent Perfect

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat prezent

Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Present Perfect al limbii
engleze

Daca actiunea a inceput inaintea momentului prezent si e inca in desfasurare sau daca
efectul ei se vede in prezent
I have worked all my adult life.

Am muncit toata viata mea adulta (si inca mai lucrez).

Sau daca e insotit de un adverb (mereu, cateodata, niciodata etc) adica:

I have never worked so late before.

Niciodata nu am mai lucrat atat de tarziu (pana acum).

Atentie: Fata de 1.1. exista urmatoarea diferenta: I never work so late. inseamna: Nu lucrez atat
de tarziu (ca si in romana) adica refuzi ideea pentru ca nu lucrezi niciodata atat de tarziu, pe cand
I never have worked so late before inseamna ca desi nu ai mai lucrat atat de tarziu, acum lucrezi
(atat de tarziu).
Situatii in care Perfectul Compus al limbii romana NU este echivalent cu Present Perfect din limba engleza

1. Cand se foloseste Present Perfect Continuous 1.4 I have been working

2. Cand se foloseste Past Tense 1.5 I worked
Sus
1.4. I have been working - Present Perfect Continuous - Prezent Perfect Continuu

O actiune care s-a desfasurat pana acum, si va continua probabil si in viitor.

Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Present Perfect
Continuous din limba engleza

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa in trecut, continuata in prezent, si care poate continua si in
viitor
I have been working on the railroad
All live long day
I've been working on the railroad
Just to while my time away.

Am muncit la calea ferata

Cat e ziua de lunga
Am muncit la calea ferata
Ca sa mai treaca timpul

E un binecunoscut cantec englezesc. Am muncit la calea ferata toata ziua si o voi face probabil si
in viitor.
Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Present Perfect
Continuous din engleza

Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.3. I have worked

Vezi cazurile timpului Past Tense 1.5. I worked
Sus

1.5. I worked - Past Tense - Timpul Trecut

Past Tense reprezinta actiunea care s-a desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.
Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past Tense din engleza

verbul reprezinta actiune trecuta ce nu a fost intrerupta, nu e concomitenta cu alta actiune,

nu se continua in prezent folositi Past Tense.
I worked till my hands hurt

Am muncit pana ma dureau palmele.

Asta e usor de inteles, Am muncit dar acum m-am oprit.

De asemeni acest timp se foloseste foarte mult in povestiri (de exemplu vezi poeziile de la
Literatura)
Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past Tense din engleza

Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.3. I have worked

Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect Continuous 1.5. I have been working

Exista situatii in care Past Tense din limba engleza nu se traduce prin Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din
limba romana. Ca exemplu vedeti binecunoscutul cantec pentru copii de mai jos.

All around the cobbler's bench

The monkey chased the weasel
The monkey thought it was all in fun
Pop! goes the weasel

In jurul mesei cizmarului

Maimuta fugarea nevastuica
Maimuta credea ca se joaca
Bum! face nevastuica

Dupa cum vedeti verbul to chase cu past tense chased (e verb regulat la fel ca to work) se traduce
prin fugarea (Imperfect) sau fugari (considerat timpul folosit in povestiri in romaneste) iar
thought(Past Tense de la to think) se traduce tot prin Imperfect.
Atentie: Daca aveti indoieli ce timp trecut al verbului sa folositi in propozitii alegeti acest timp Past Tense. Va fi mai putin deranjanta greseala.
Sus

1.6. I was working - Past Continuous - Trecut Continuu

Past Continuous se refera la un eveniment in derulare la un moment in trecut care se petrece

simultan cu un alt eveniment.
Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past Continuous din limba engleza

Verbul exprima o actiune in trecut care a fost intrerupta de altceva (ca si "munceam" pe
romaneste)
I was working when the meteorite fell/the phone
rang/you showed up.

Munceam cand meteoritul a cazut/a sunat

telefonul/ai aparut tu.

I was walking in the park one day

In the merry, merry month of May
I was taken by surprise
By a pair of pearly eyes
In the merry, merry month of May

Ma plimbam in parc intr-o zi

In vesela, vesela luna Mai
Am fost luat prin surprindere
De niste ochi perlati
In vesela, vesela luna Mai

Atentie:in cantecul de mai sus "was walking" este past continuous dar "was taken" nu este past
continuous. I was taken inseamna "am fost luat". Daca vrei sa exprimi verbul la past continuous
zici 'I was taking'.

Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past Continuous din engleza

Verbul exprima o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat sau anterioara unei alte
actiuni tot in trecut - atunci se foloseste Past Perfect
I had worked as a goldminer for a long time
when I finally struck it rich.

Lucram de mult timp ca miner de aur cand in

sfarsit am dat de bogatii.

Sus
1.7. I had worked - Past Perfect - Trecut Perfect

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment trecut sau anterioara unei
actiuni trecute.
Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past Perfect
din engleza

Verbul este o actiune ce s-a terminat in trecut fata de momentul/actiunea tot trecuta la care se
raporteaza
Emily a spus (trecut) ca lucrase in gradina (si mai vechi) in dimineata aceea
Emily said she had worked in her garden that morning.
Atentie:La fel ca in romaneste aceste timpuri nu sunt batute in cuie.
Emily a spus ca a lucrat in gradina in dimineata aceea
Emily a spus ca lucra in gradina in dimineata aceea
Emily a spus ca lucrase in gradina in dimineata aceea
Toate aceste forme sunt des folosite iar folosirea lor depinde (oarecum) de context.
Traducerea acestor propozitii:
Emily said she worked in the garden that morning
Emily said she was working in the garden that morning, respectiv
Emily said she had worked in the garden that morning, plus
Emily said she had been working in the garden that morning
se folosesc in limbajul curent depinzand si ele (oarecum) de context
Sus

1.8. I had been working - Past Perfect Continuous - Trecut Perfect Continuu

Verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat trecut cand a fost oprit de o alta
actiune a carui urmari continua si azi.
Situatii in care imperfectul (munceam, lucram) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past Perfect Continuous din
engleza

Verbul exprima o actiune trecuta, ce se afla inca in desfasurare, in momentul cand s-a produs o
alta actiune tot din trecut.
They had been working on the new house before
the fire destroyed it

(Ei)lucrau la casa cea noua inainte sa fie

distrusa de foc

He had been working slowly before hearing of the

new deadline.

(El)muncea incet inainte sa afle de noul

termen limita.

Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past Perfect
Continuous din engleza

They had been working on the new house for

many months before the fire destroyed it

(Ei)lucrasera luni de zile la casa cea noua

inainte sa fie distrusa de foc

Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul/imperfectul din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past Perfect
Continuous din engleza

Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.6. I was working

Vezi cazurile timpului Past Continuous 1.7. I had worked
Sus

1.9. I will work - Future Tense (I am going to work) - Timpul Viitor

Verbul reprezinta o actiune viitoare nelimitata in timp.

Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana este echivalent cu Future Tense din engleza

Daca verbul reprezinta o actiune in viitor si nu va fi intrerupta, nu e concomitenta cu alta

actiune folositi Future Tense.

I will work OK?

Am sa muncesc, BINE?

Someday when I am big and strong

I will walk that road and sing a song
I will sing of roads so green and wide
That turn and bend from side to side
I will sing of roads that turn and bend
That go from town to rainbow's end

Intr-o zi cand voi fi mare si puternic

Voi merge pe acel drum si voi canta un cantec
Voi canta despre drumuri verzi si late
Care se indoaie si serpuiesc dintr-o parte in alta
Voi canta despre drumuri serpuitoare
Care merg din oras pana la capatul curcubeului

Atentie: vezi (1.1 I work) pentru primul vers din poezia de mai sus
Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Future Tense din engleza

Cand verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor - atunci se foloseste
Future Continuous 1.10. I will be working
I will be working in Paris next year

Voi lucra la Paris la anul

Sus
1.10. I will be working - Future Conntinuous - Viitor Continuu

Verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor

She will be coming round the mountain when she
comes

Cand vine, (ea) va veni in jurul

muntelui

Sus

1.11. I will have worked - Future Perfect - Viitor Perfect

I will have worked for 20 years next month. Luna viitoare eu o sa fi lucrat de 20 de ani. (alt timp
clar)
Echivalentul lui "voi fi lucrat"
Sus

1.12. I will have been working - Future Perfect Continuous - Viitor Perfect Continuu

Acest timp nu prea se foloseste, pune mai mult accentul pe perioada lunga de timp decat 1.11
Future Continuous
Se traduce tot prin "voi fi lucrat", si ca toate formele de timpuri continue implica o actiune in
derulare
By 2010 he will have been working for 40 years

In 2010 el va fi lucrat de 40 de ani

Sus

Verbul in engleza la diateza pasiva

Actiunea e suportata de subiect
De exemplu verbul to wash - a spala (alt verb regulat: wash - washed - washed)
2.1 The laundry is washed weekly - Rufele sunt spalate saptamanal.
Dar: I wash the laundry weekly - Eu spal rufele saptamanal
2.2 I am washing laundry now - The laundry is being washed now.
2.3 I have washed the laundry - The laundry has been washed.
2.4 I have been washing the laundry - The laundry has been washed.
2.5 I washed the laundry yesterday - The laundry was washed yesterday.
2.6 I was washing the laundry - The laundry was being washed
2.7 I had washed the laundry- The laundry had been washed
2.8 I had been washing the laundry - The laundry had been washed
2.9 I will wash the laundry- The laundry will be washed.
2.10 I will be washing the laundry - The laundry will be washed.
2.11 I will have washed the laundry - The laundry will have been washed
2.12 I will have been washing the laundry - The laundry will have been washed