Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Motor si transmisie
Vmax
[km/h]
Amp
l
mot.
Cilindre
e[
cm
DxS
[mm]
Rap
com
.
Pmax[Cp
(kw)/rpm
]
Mmax
[Nm/rpm]
]
1
Skoda
Superb
Volkswagen
Passat
191
198
Fata
Fata
1390
1798
76*75.6
10.
5
81*86.4
9.5
125/50
00
152/500
0
200/4000
250/1500
Peugeot 407
195
Fata
1749
82.7*81.
4
10.8
116/550
0
163/4500
Opel Astra
190
Fata
1796
80.5*88.
2
10.5
140/630
0
175/3800
Volvo V40
190
Fata
1731
83*80
10.5
115/550
0
165/4100
195
Fata
1598
10.5
Fata
1994
132/640
0
138/560
0
160/4400
195
80.5*78.
5
92*75
190
Fata
1598
79.5*80.
5
9.7
110/600
0
151/4250
187
200
Fata
Fata
1584
1999
76*87.3
87.5*83.
1
10
10
98/5000
150/620
0
150/4000
187/4200
7
8
9
10
Toyota
Avensis
Subaru
Legacy
Renault
Megane
Mitsubishi
Lancer
Mazda 3
10
187/4400
Marca si
model
Pneuri
t
1.
Skoda Superb
205/55/R16
2.
Volkswagen Passat
215/55/R16
3.
Peugeot 407
205/60/R16
4.
Opel Astra
205/55/R16
5.
Volvo V40
195/55/R16
6.
Toyota Avensis
205/60/R16
7.
Subaru Legacy
205/55/R16
8.
Renault Megane
195/65/R16
9.
Mitsubishi Lancer
195/60/R15
10
.
Mazda 3
205/50/R16
Marca si
modelul
1.
Skoda Superb
Dimensiuni si marse
L
Mp
Ef
Es
[mm
]
[m
m]
[m
m]
[Kg]
[m
m]
[mm
]
[mm]
146
1
142
9
276
1
1545
1518
4838
178
3
2.
Volkswagen
Passat
4765
172
0
147
2
149
2
271
0
1552
1492
3.
Peugeot 407
4763
181
1
148
0
145
5
272
5
1554
1510
4.
Opel Astra
4587
175
3
145
8
120
3
270
3
1488
1479
5.
Volvo V40
4480
172
0
141
0
130
3
255
0
1450
1470
6.
Toyota Avensis
4765
181
0
148
0
140
0
270
0
1550
1540
7.
Subaru Legacy
4665
173
0
142
5
133
0
267
0
1495
1490
8.
Renault Megane
4567
180
4
150
7
126
7
270
3
1540
1550
181
0
148
0
118
5
265
0
1545
1545
175
5
147
0
133
5
264
0
1530
1515
9.
1
0.
Mazda 3
4460
2800
2750
2700
2650
2600
2550
2500
2450
M
its
ub
is
hi
La
nc
er
Le
ga
cy
Su
ba
ru
V4
0
Vo
lv
o
Pe
ug
eo
t4
07
Sk
od
a
Su
pe
rb
2400
Fig.1.1
4900
4800
4700
4600
4500
4400
4300
La
nc
er
M
its
ub
is
hi
Le
ga
cy
Su
ba
ru
V4
0
Vo
lv
o
Pe
ug
eo
t4
07
Sk
od
a
Su
pe
rb
4200
Fig.1.2
1850
1800
1750
1700
1650
La
nc
er
M
its
ub
is
hi
Le
ga
cy
Su
ba
ru
V4
0
Vo
lv
o
Pe
ug
eo
t4
07
Sk
od
a
Su
pe
rb
1600
Fig.1.3
1520
1500
1480
1460
1440
1420
1400
1380
M
its
ub
is
hi
La
nc
er
Le
ga
cy
Su
ba
ru
V4
0
Vo
lv
o
Pe
ug
eo
t4
07
Sk
od
a
Su
pe
rb
1360
Fig.1.4
1580
1560
1540
1520
1500
1480
1460
1440
1420
1400
M
its
ub
is
hi
La
nc
er
Le
ga
cy
Su
ba
ru
V4
0
Vo
lv
o
Pe
ug
eo
t4
07
Sk
od
a
Su
pe
rb
1380
Fig.1.5
1560
1540
1520
1500
1480
1460
1440
La
nc
er
M
its
ub
is
hi
Le
ga
cy
Su
ba
ru
V4
0
Vo
lv
o
Pe
ug
eo
t4
07
Sk
od
a
Su
pe
rb
1420
Fig.1.6
1520
1500
1480
1460
1440
1420
1400
1380
La
nc
er
M
its
ub
is
hi
Le
ga
cy
Su
ba
ru
V4
0
Vo
lv
o
Pe
ug
eo
t
Sk
od
a
Su
pe
rb
1360
Fig.1.7
Sigurana pasiv:
- Optimizarea sistemelor de reinere;
- Optimizarea structurilor de rezisten
- Pneuri antipan.
Creterea fiabilitii:
-
Motoare M.A.I.
- Reducerea consumului de combustibil;
- Reducerea emisiei nocive;
- Reducerea emisiei de zgomote i vibraii la surse;
- Ridicarea gradului de securitate a conducerii autoturismului;
Concluzie
CAP.II
b)
soluia totul n fa motorul i puntea motoare n
fa
c)
a)
b)
c)
d)
Diametrul volanului
Adopt D = 400 [mm]
e)
f)
g)
caracteristica:
Ga=G0+Gu
Gu=5*75+100=475 daN
Ga=11850+250=12100 daN
Parametrul
a/L
Valoarea
0,450,55
hg/L
0,160,26
Adopt:
a
0,48 a 0,48 L 0,48 4495 a 2157 mm
L
hg
L
mm
b
ma 0,52 1210 629.20 Kg
L
m2
a
m a 0,48 1210 580.80 Kg
L
G1
b
Ga 62920 N
L
G2
a
Ga 5808 N
L
unde:
093....0.935
Se adopta
Lr
0.935
-circumferina de rulare
Lr 2 * rr
Limea seciunii
B =195mm
nalimea seciunii H =118mm ;
Diametrul interior al anvelopei d= 381mm ;
Circumferina de rulare Lr= 1938mm
Mrimea jantei J 16;
Diametrul exterior D = 617mm
Raza de rulare rr =308.5mm ;
viteza maxim vmax = 195km/h.
CAP.III
DEFINIREA CONDITIILOR DE
AUTOPROPULSARE
Rezistenta la rulare,
f r=0,0125+ 0,0085 (
v 5
)
100
f
0.0125
0.012652
0.01336
0.01487
0.017366
0.021
0.025908
0.032212
0.040024
0.049449
0.057634
, =0
Rrul [N]
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
Pr[kW]
0
2.0166
4.0333
6.05
8.066
10.08
12.10
14.11
16.13
18.15
19.66
.
este strans legat de forma corpului
densitatea aerului:
;
Ra[N]
0
14.55633
58.22531
131.0069
232.9012
363.9082
Pa[kW]
0
0.080868
0.646948
2.183449
5.175583
10.10856
120
140
160
180
195
524.0278
713.26
931.6049
1179.063
1383.761
17.46759
27.73789
41.40466
58.95313
74.95371
), data de relatia:
unde
este coeficientul
Rp[N]
0
422.283
844.0533
1264.794
1683.995
2101.143
2515.731
2927.255
3335.212
3537.698
Pp[kW]
0
1.173011
4.689185
10.53995
18.71105
29.18254
41.92886
56.91885
74.11582
88.44244
este o forta de
de
rotatie
se
face
printr-un
coeficient
numit
rotatie ;
-
respectiv
, unde:
viteze ;
-
de
proiectat,
valoare
si reprezinta
CAP.IV
CALCULUL DE TRACIUNE
t =0.9
caracteristicii
exterioare
n
P=f )
si
M =f (n)
numite
momentului la fiecare
functionare al motorului.
turatie
din
domeniul
turatiilor
de
Pmax /n P
si
3900
M
- Coeficientul de elasticitate al motorului c e = n P = 6000 =0.65 ;
- Coeficientul
c a=
de
adaptabilitate
al
motorului
3c e 30.65
=
=1.175;
2
2
- Coeficientul
34 c e 34 0.65
=
=0,57 ;
2(1c e ) 2(10.65)
- Coeficientul
2 ce
2 0.65
=
=1,85 ;
2(1c e ) 2(10.65)
Coeficientul
1
1
=
=1,42 ;
2(1ce ) 2 ( 10.65 )
F Rmax
1
2
= 12100 0.03+ 2 1.225 0.35 2.2 ( 54 ) =1746.761 N ;
1
Ga f v max + c x A v 3max
F
v
2
Pv max = R v max max =
=
1000 t
1000 t
1
3
12100 0.03+ 1.225 0.35 2.2 ( 54 )
2
=85,15 kW ;
1000 0.9
unde :
-
Pv max
maxime;
F R v max
este forta la roata la viteza maxima ;
-
v max
Pmax =
nm
n
n
+ m + m
nP
nP
nP
( ) ( )
116
=87.40 kW
6600
6600 2
6600 3
0.57
+1,85
+(1,42)
6000
6000
6000
( )
c e ( n )=c ep 1.2
,unde
c ep
( ) ] ,[ kWhg ] ;
n
n
+0.8
nP
nP
p[kW]
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2200
2500
2800
3100
3400
3700
3900
4000
4300
4700
5000
5300
5600
7.837
12.254
17.171
22.493
28.127
33.980
39.958
45.967
51.913
57.703
63.244
66.753
68.441
73.202
78.707
82083
84.711
86.495
M[Nm]
106.93
117.03
126.14
134.25
141.37
147.50
152.64
156.78
159.92
162.08
163.23
163.46
163.40
162.57
159.92
156.78
152.64
147.50
c e [g/kWh]
328.2
316.6
306
297
289
282.2
276.6
272.2
269
267
266.2
266.4
266.6
268.2
272.2
276.6
282.2
289
5900
6000
6300
6600
87.343
87.402
86.855
85.154
141.37
139.11
131.66
123.21
297
300
309.6
320.4
P=f (n)
i t max =iCV 1 i 0
i t max =iCV 1 i RD i0
unde:
-
i CV 1
de viteze ;
i0
este raportul de transmitere al transmisiei principale ;
-
i RD
F R max =
M max i t max t
F
r
i t max = R max d ;
rd
M max t
i t max =
Gad r d
M max t
unde :
-
valoare t =0.9 ;
- Gad
b
;
L
m1 =
cos
cos 17
=
=0,8
hg
1+0.25 0,8
1+
L
n
n
6600
r r max = 0.308
=3.94 ;
30
v max 30
54
. In acest caz
i t min =i 0
i CV 1=
.
i t max 8.43
=
=2.13;
i t min 3.94
log i CV 1
log2.13
=1+
=2.42;
nmax
6600
log
log
3900
nM
i n=1
, intr-o treapta k
n1 nk
cv 1
5
3
- raportul de transmitere in treapta a treia : i cv 3= 2.13 =1,5 ;
5
2
- raportul de transmitere in treapta a patra : icv 4= 2.13 =1,3;
5
1
- raportul de transmitere in treapta a cincea : icv 5= 2.13 =1,1 ;
5
0
- raportul de transmitere in treapta a sasea : i cv 6= 2.13 =1.
Viteza
economica
este
de
asemenea
un
nec r r
3700 0.308
=
=0.9 ;
30 v ec i 0 30(120 /3.6) 3.94
[rad/s]
V1[km/h]
V2[km/h]
V3[km/h]
V4[km/h]
V5[km/h]
700
1000
1300
1600
1900
2200
2500
2800
3100
3400
3700
3900
4000
4300
4700
5000
5300
5600
5900
6000
6300
6600
73.30
104.71
136.13
167.55
198.96
230.38
261.79
293.21
324.63
356.04
387.46
408.40
418.87
450.29
492.18
523.59
555.01
586.43
617.84
628.31
659.73
691.15
9.68
13.83
17.98
22.13
26.28
30.43
34.58
38.74
42.89
47.04
51.19
53.95
55.34
59.49
65.02
69.17
73.33
77.48
81.63
83.01
87.16
91.31
11.46
16.37
21.28
26.19
31.10
36.01
40.93
45.84
50.75
55.66
60.57
63.85
65.48
70.40
76.95
81.86
86.77
91.68
96.59
98.23
103.14
108.05
13.75
19.64
25.54
31.43
37.32
43.22
49.11
55.01
60.90
66.79
72.69
76.62
78.58
84.48
92.34
98.23
104.12
110.02
115.91
117.88
123.77
129.66
15.86
22.66
29.47
36.27
43.07
49.87
56.67
63.47
70.27
77.07
83.87
88.41
90.67
97.47
106.54
113.34
120.14
126.94
133.75
136.01
142.81
149.61
18.75
26.79
34.82
42.86
50.90
58.94
66.97
75.01
83.05
91.09
99.12
104.48
107.16
115.20
125.91
133.95
141.99
150.03
158.06
160.74
168.78
176.82
V6[km/h
]
20.62
29.47
38.31
47.15
55.99
64.83
73.67
82.51
91.35
100.19
109.04
114.93
117.88
126.72
138.51
147.35
156.19
165.03
173.87
176.82
185.66
194.50
Diagrama fierastrau
250
200
v1[km/h]
v2[km/h]
150
v[km/h]
v3[km/h]
v4[km/h]
100
v5[km/h]
v6[km/h]
50
0
0
2 min r r
=11.46 km/h
i CV 2 i 0
;
2 max r r 691.15 (308 /1000)
v 2 max=
=
3.6=108 km/h
i CV 2 i 0
1,8 3.94
v 2 min =
3 min r r
=13.75 km/h
i CV 3 i 0
;
3 max r r 691.15 (308 /1000)
v 3 max =
=
3.6=129 km/h
i CV 3 i 0
1,5 3.94
v 3 min=
4 min r r
=15.86 km/h
i CV 4 i 0
;
4 max r r 691.15 (308 /1000)
v 4 max =
=
3.6=149 km/h
i CV 4 i 0
1,3 3.94
v 4 min =
5min r r
=18.75 km/h
iCV 5 i 0
6 min r r
=20.62 km/h
i CV 6 i 0
r 691.15( 308/1000)
v 6 max = 6 max r =
3.6=194 km/ h
i CV 6 i0
1 3.94
CAP. V
v 6 min =
F R=f (v)
pentru fiecare
FR =
k
unde
i tk
transmitere iCV k .
vk =
n
r r
30
itk
V1[km/h
]
9.68
Fr1[N]
V2[km/h]
Fr2[N]
V3[km/h]
Fr3[N]
Fr4[N]
1846.5
V4[km/h
]
15.86
11.46
2215.8
13.75
13.83
2622.0
3
2869.7
1000
16.37
2425.1
19.64
2020.9
22.66
1751.4
26.79
1300
17.98
3093.1
21.28
2613.8
25.54
2178.2
29.47
1887.8
34.82
1600
22.13
3292.0
26.19
2782.2
31.43
2318.3
36.27
2009.2
42.86
1900
26.28
3466.7
31.10
2929.6
37.32
2441.3
43.07
2115.8
50.90
2200
30.43
3616.9
36.01
3056.5
43.22
2547.1
49.87
2207.5
58.94
2500
34.58
3742.8
40.93
3162.9
49.11
2635.8
56.67
2284.3
66.97
2800
38.74
3844.3
45.84
3248.7
55.01
2707.3
63.47
2346.3
75.01
1600
V5[km/h
]
18.75
Fr5[N]
1354.
1
1482
1597.
3
1700.
1
1790.
3
1867.
9
1932.
9
1985.
3
V6[km/h
]
20.62
Fr6[N]
1231
29.47
1347.3
38.31
1452.1
47.15
1545.5
55.99
1627.5
64.83
1698.1
73.67
1757.2
82.51
1804.8
3100
42.89
3921.5
50.75
3133.9
60.90
2761.6
70.27
2393.4
83.05
3400
47.04
3974.3
55.66
3358.5
66.79
2798.8
77.07
2425.6
91.09
3700
51.19
4002.7
60.57
3382.6
72.69
2818.8
83.87
2443.0
99.12
3900
53.95
4008.1
63.85
3387.1
76.62
2822.6
88.41
2446.3
104.48
4000
55.34
4006.8
65.48
3386.0
78.58
2821.7
90.67
2445.4
107.16
4300
59.49
3986.5
70.40
3368.8
84.48
2807.4
97.47
2433.0
115.20
4700
65.02
3921.5
76.95
3313.9
92.34
2761.6
106.54
2393.4
125.91
5000
69.17
3844.3
81.86
3248.7
81.86
2707.3
113.34
2346.3
133.95
5300
73.33
3742.8
86.77
3162.9
86.77
2635.8
120.14
2284.3
141.99
5600
77.48
3616.9
91.68
3056.5
91.68
2547.1
126.94
2207.5
150.03
5900
81.63
3466.7
96.59
2929.6
96.59
2441.3
133.75
2115.8
158.06
6000
83.01
3411.2
98.23
2882.7
98.23
2402.2
136.01
2081.9
160.74
6300
87.16
3228.4
103.14
2728.2
103.14
2273.5
142.81
1970.4
168.78
6600
91.31
3021.3
108.05
2553.2
108.05
2127.2
149.61
1844.0
176.82
2025.
2
2052.
4
2067.
1
2069.
9
2069.
2
2058.
7
2025.
2
1985.
3
1932.
9
1867.
9
1790.
3
1761.
6
1667.
2
1560.
3
91.35
1841.1
100.19
1865.8
109.04
1879.2
114.93
1881.7
117.88
1881.1
126.72
1871.6
138.51
1841.1
147.35
1804.8
156.19
1757.2
165.03
1698.1
173.87
1627.5
176.82
1601.5
185.66
1515.7
194.50
1418.4
50
100
150
200
250
v[km/h]
si un
caracteristica de tractiune se
=0
F RR a=Rrul + Rd
in
Fex
Rrul[N]
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
363
Ra[N]
15.48
53.41
114
197.5
284.4
409.6
557.5
728.1
822
921.6
1100
1254.4
1376.7
Rp[N]
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rrul+Ra[N]
378.4
416.4
477
560.5
647.4
772.6
920.5
1091.1
1185
1284.6
1463.1
1617.4
1739.7
Fr6[N]
1231
1452.1
1627.5
1757.2
1830.2
1876
1876
1830.2
1790
1738.7
1627.5
1515.7
1418.4
Bilant de tractiune
2000
1500
Rrul[N]
Fr6[N]
Rrul+Ra
1000
Fr6[N]
500
0
0
50
100
v6[km/h]
150
200
250
PR
si suma
unde:
PR =Prul + P a+ P d
ceea
Prul[W]
2080.1
3863
5646
7428.9
8914.7
10697.7
12480.7
14263.6
Ra[W]
88.74
568.4
1774.6
4042.6
6985.7
12071.2
19168.7
28613.4
Prul+Ra[W
]
2168.8
4431.5
7420.6
11471.6
15900.4
22769
31649.4
42877
Pr6[W]
7045
15454
25314
35962.3
44949.6
55288
64502.7
71919.4
150.2
15155.1
34320.7
49475.8
74742.8
159.1
16046.6
40740.6
56787.2
76863.8
173.8
17532.4
53137.6
70670
78609.3
185.6
18721
64694.5
83415.6
78170.2
194.5
19612.5
74383.7
93996.2
76639.1
Tabelul 5.1.3 Determinarea pe cale analitica a bilantului de
putere
Reprezentarea grafica a bilantului de putere este prezentata in
figura de mai jos:
Bilantul puterilor
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0
Prul[W]
Prul+Pa[W]
Pr6[W]
50
100
150
200
250
v[km/h]
PR
si suma
unde:
PR =Prul + P a+ P d
ceea
=0
Pr1[W
]
7054
1545
4
2359
8
3236
7
4316
4
4847
9
5193
3
5528
8
6450
2
7191
9
7686
3
7866
V2[km/
h]
11.46
21.28
29.47
37.65
47.48
52.39
55.66
58.94
68.76
78.58
88.41
99.87
Pr2[W
]
7054
1545
4
2359
8
3237
6
4316
4
4847
9
5193
3
5528
8
6450
2
7191
9
7686
3
7866
V3[km/
h]
13.75
25.54
35.36
45.18
59.97
62.87
66.79
70.72
82.51
94.30
106
117.8
Pr3[W
]
7054
1545
4
2359
8
3236
7
4316
4
4847
9
5193
3
5528
8
6450
2
7191
9
7686
3
7866
V4[km/
h]
15.86
29.47
40.80
52.13
65.74
72.54
77.07
81.61
95.21
108.8
122.4
136
Pr4[W
]
7054
1545
4
2359
8
3236
7
4316
4
4847
9
5193
3
5528
8
6450
2
7191
9
7686
3
7866
V5[km/
h]
18.75
34.82
48.22
61.61
77.69
85.73
91.09
96.44
112.5
128.5
144.6
160.7
Pr5[W
]
7054
1545
4
2359
8
3236
7
4316
4
4847
9
5193
3
5528
8
6450
2
7191
9
7686
3
7866
V6[km/
h]
20.62
38.31
53.04
67.78
85.46
94.30
100.1
106
123.7
141.4
159.1
176.8
Pr6[
w]
7054
1545
4
2359
8
3236
7
4316
4
4847
9
5193
3
5528
8
6450
2
7191
9
7686
3
7866
91.31
1
7663
9
108
1
7663
9
129.6
1
7663
9
149.6
1
7663
9
176.8
1
7663
9
194.5
Caracteristica puterilor
100000
80000
60000
Pr[W]
40000
20000
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
v[km/h]
1
7663
9
si greutatea automobilului
, respectiv:
dv
G a f cos +sin +
F
F Ra
g dt
D= ex = R
=
,
Ga
Ga
Ga
de unde rezulta ca
dv
dv
D=f cos +sin + = + .
g dt
g dt
V1[km/
h]
D1[]
V2[km/
h]
D2[]
V3[km/
h]
D3[-]
V4[km/
h]
D4[-]
V5[km/
h]
D5[]
V6[km/
h]
D6[-]
9.68
17.98
24.90
31.82
40.12
44.27
47.04
49.80
58.11
66.41
74.71
83.01
91.31
0.21
6
0.25
4
0.28
0
0.29
9
0.31
5
0.31
9
0.32
1
0.32
2
0.32
0
0.30
8
0.28
9
0.26
1
0.22
4
11.46
21.28
29.47
37.65
47.48
52.39
55.66
58.94
68.76
78.58
88.41
99.87
108
0.18
2
0.21
5
0.23
6
0.25
2
0.26
5
0.26
9
0.27
0
0.27
1
0.26
8
0.25
9
0.24
1
0.21
7
0.18
5
13.75
25.54
35.36
45.18
59.97
62.87
66.79
70.72
82.51
94.30
106
117.8
129.6
0.15
2
0.17
8
0.19
4
0.20
6
0.21
5
0.21
7
0.21
7
0.21
7
0.21
2
0.20
0
0.18
1
0.15
6
0.12
5
15.86
29.47
40.80
52.13
65.74
72.54
77.07
81.61
95.21
108.8
122.4
136
149.6
0.13
1
0.15
3
0.16
7
0.17
6
0.18
2
0.18
3
0.18
2
0.18
1
0.17
4
0.16
1
0.14
1
0.11
6
0.08
5
18.75
34.82
48.22
61.61
77.69
85.73
91.09
96.44
112.5
128.5
144.6
160.7
176.8
0.11
0
0.12
8
0.13
8
0.14
4
0.14
7
0.14
6
0.14
4
0.14
2
0.13
2
0.11
6
0.09
5
0.06
7
0.03
4
20.62
38.31
53.04
67.78
85.46
94.30
100.1
106
123.7
141.4
159.1
176.8
194.5
0.10
0
0.11
5
0.12
3
0.12
8
0.12
8
0.12
6
0.12
4
0.12
1
0.10
8
0.09
1
0.06
7
0.03
8
0.00
3
50
100
150
200
250
v[km/h]
dv
g
= ( D ) .
dt
g
,
k
ak =( Dk f R )
g
k
unde:
- f R este coeficientul rezistenti la rulare ;
- k
I m +a i 2CV k i 20
IR 1 .
t +
2
ma
ma r 2r
rr
I R=6
I m+a =0.2
, respectiv
1+
0.9+
=1.3330 ;
2
3
1185 ( 308 10 )
1185 ( 308 103 )2
2
2=1+
1+
0.9+
=1.3007 ;
1185 ( 308 103 )2
1185 ( 308 103 )2
0.9+
=1.2761;
2
3
1185 ( 308 10 )
1185 ( 308 103 )2
2
4=1+
1+
I m+a iCV 4 i0
I R 1 =
t +
2
ma
m a r 2r
rr
0.9+
=1.2622;
1185 ( 308 103 )2
1185 ( 308 103 )2
2
I
i i
I R 1 =
3=1+ m +a CV 32 0 t +
ma
ma r 2r
rr
1+
I m +a i CV 2 i 0
I R 1 =
t +
2
ma
ma r 2r
rr
I
i i
I R 1 =
1=1+ m+ a CV 12 0 t +
ma
ma r 2r
rr
I
i i
I R 1 =
5=1+ m +a CV 52 0 t +
ma
ma r 2r
rr
2
1+
0.9+
=1.2503;
2
1185 ( 308 103 )
1185 ( 308 103 )2
I m +a i 2CV 6 i 20
I R 1 =
6=1+
t +
2
ma
ma r 2r
rr
2
0.2
1 3,94
64
1
1+
0.9+
=1.2451.
2
3
1185 ( 308 10 )
1185 ( 308 103 )2
Introducnd
n relatia se obtine formula de calcul a
acceleratiei autovehiculului, formula pe baza careia se va face
determinarea analitica a acceleratiei si trasarea caracteristicii
acceleratiilor, respectiv:
ak =( Dk f )
g
k
v1[km/
h]
a1[m/s
^2]
v2[km/
h]
a2[m/s
^2]
v3[km/
h]
a3[m/s
^2]
v4[km/
h]
a4[m/s
^2]
v5[km/h
]
a5[m/s
^2]
v6[km/h]
a6[m/s^
2]
9.68
17.98
24.90
31.82
40.12
44.27
47.04
49.80
58.11
66.41
74.71
83.01
91.31
1.378
1.661
1.849
1.993
2.109
2.144
2.158
2.165
2.145
2.063
1.917
1.710
1.439
11.46
21.28
29.47
37.65
47.48
52.39
55.66
58.94
68.76
78.58
88.41
99.87
108
1.158
1.402
1.564
1.688
1.786
1.814
1.826
1.831
1.811
1.736
1.606
1.421
1.182
13.75
25.54
35.36
45.18
59.97
62.87
66.79
70.72
82.51
94.30
106
117.8
129.6
0.943
1.144
1.273
1.367
1.434
1.449
1.451
1.449
1.407
1.314
1.172
0.979
0.736
15.86
29.47
40.80
52.13
65.74
72.54
77.07
81.61
95.21
108.8
122.4
136
149.6
0.793
0.964
1.070
1.144
1.190
1.195
1.192
1.183
1.127
1.023
0.873
0.675
0.430
18.75
34.82
48.22
61.61
77.69
85.73
91.09
96.44
112.5
128.5
144.6
160.7
176.8
0.637
0.775
0.856
0.906
0.924
0.916
0.904
0.888
0.808
0.683
0.513
0.298
0.038
20.62
38.31
53.04
67.78
85.46
94.30
100.1
106
123.7
141.4
159.1
176.8
194.5
0.558
0.678
0.743
0.778
0.778
0.762
0.744
0.722
0.625
0.483
0.297
0.06
-0.210
Caracteristica acceleratiilor
2.5
2
1.5
a[m/s^2]
1
0.5
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
v[km/h]
va
Ea
se
si viteza de deplasare a
construieste
pornind
de
la
1/a1
v2
1/a2
v3
1/a3
v4
1/a4
v5
1/a5
v6
[km/h
]
[s^2/m]
[km/h]
[s^2/m]
[km/h]
[s^2/m]
[km/h]
[s^2/m]
[km/h]
[s^2/m]
[km/h]
9.68
17.9
8
24.9
0
31.8
2
40.1
2
44.2
7
47.0
4
49.8
0
58.1
1
66.4
1
74.7
1
83.0
1
91.3
1
0.725
0.601
11.46
21.28
0.863
0.712
13.75
25.54
1.060
0.873
15.86
29.47
1.260
1.037
18.75
34.82
1.567
1.288
20.62
38.31
1.791
1.474
0.540
29.47
0.639
35.36
0.785
40.80
0.933
48.22
1.167
53.04
1.344
0.501
37.65
0.592
45.18
0.731
52.13
0.873
61.61
1.103
67.78
1.284
0.473
47.48
0.559
59.97
0.697
65.74
0.840
77.69
1.082
85.46
1.284
0.466
52.39
0.550
62.87
0.690
72.54
0.836
85.73
1.091
94.30
1.312
0.463
55.66
0.547
66.79
0.688
77.07
0.838
91.09
1.105
100.1
1.342
0.461
58.94
0.545
70.72
0.690
81.61
0.844
96.44
1.126
106
1.384
0.466
68.76
0.552
82.51
0.710
95.21
0.886
112.5
1.237
123.7
1.598
0.484
78.58
0.575
94.30
0.760
108.8
0.976
128.5
1.462
141.4
2.066
0.521
88.41
0.622
106
0.853
122.4
1.145
144.6
1.946
159.1
3.363
0.584
99.87
0.703
117.8
1.020
136
1.480
160.7
3.346
176.8
15.16
0.694
108
0.845
129.6
1.358
149.6
2.323
176.8
25.76
194.5
4.754
50
100
150
200
250
v[km/h]
dv
v[km/h]
0
9.68
13.83
20.75
26.28
31.82
38.74
45.65
53.59
66.41
74.71
84.39
91.31
100
1/a[s^2/m]
0
0.725
0.654
0.574
0.531
0.501
0.477
0.464
0.462
0.484
0.521
0.599
0.694
0.734
td
0
1.949
2.703
3.806
4.622
5.393
6.310
7.200
8.219
9.943
11.14
12.75
14.08
15.86
Timpul de demarare
20
15
td[s] 10
5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
v[km/h]
120
Spatiul de demarare
Spatiul de demarare reprezinta distanta parcursa de autovehicul
in timpul de demarare. Determinarea analitica a spatiului de
demarare se face pe baza urmatorului table:
v[km/h]
0
9.68
13.83
20.75
26.28
31.82
38.74
45.65
53.59
66.41
74.71
84.39
91.31
100
td[s]
0
0.725
0.654
0.574
0.531
0.501
0.477
0.464
0.462
0.484
0.521
0.599
0.694
0.734
sd[m]
0
5.241
8.358
15.67
22.77
31.07
43.20
57.02
75.15
110.5
136.2
170.5
197.6
235.9
Spatiul de demarare
250
200
150
sd[m]
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
v[km/h]
( dv )
( d f )max p = dt
max p
unde:
-
g=9.81m/s
=0.8
( dv )
( d f )max p = dt
max p
cos
hg
1
L
dv
=g
( d f )max f = dt
max f
( )
unde:
hg
si
autovehiculului;
L
este ampatamentul autovehiculului;
-
g=9.81m/s
=0.8
dv
=9.81
( d f )max f =
dt max f
( )
cos
hg
1+
L
dv
=g
( d f )max f = dt
max f
( )
unde:
hg
si
autovehiculului;
L
este ampatamentul autovehiculului;
-
g=9.81m/s
=0.8
=0 );
( dv )
( d f )max f = dt
=9.81 0.8
max f
0.48
cos 0 +sin 0 =5.729 m/s 2 ;
1+0.25 0.8
S f min p=
( v 21v 22 )
2 g ( cos sin )
[ m];
v 21
S f min p=
[m];
2 g
unde:
g=9.81m/s 2 este acceleratia gravitationala;
=0.8
sf[m]
213.6
192.2
172
152.9
134.9
118.1
102.3
87.7
74.3
61.9
50.7
40.59
31.6
23.7
16.9
11.3
6.88
3.51
1.2
0.14
0
fi=0.6
v[km/
h]
195
185
175
165
155
145
135
125
115
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
5
0
sf[m]
249.2
224.3
200.7
178.4
157.4
137.8
119.4
102.4
86.6
72.2
59.1
47.35
36.8
27.6
19.8
13.2
8.02
4
1.4
0.16
0
fi=0.5
v[km/
h]
195
185
175
165
155
145
135
125
115
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
5
0
sf[m]
299
269.1
240.8
214.1
188.9
165.3
143.3
122.8
104
86.7
70.9
56.82
44.2
33.2
23.7
15.9
9.63
4.9
1.7
0.19
0
fi=0.4
v[km/
h]
195
185
175
165
155
145
135
125
115
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
5
0
sf[m]
373.8
336.4
301.1
267.6
236.2
206.7
179.1
153.6
130
108.3
88.7
71
55.3
41.5
29.7
19.9
12
6.1
2.2
0.24
0
fi=0.3
v[km/
h]
195
185
175
165
155
145
135
125
115
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
5
0
sf[m]
498.4
448.6
401.4
356.8
314.9
275.6
238.9
204.8
173.3
144.5
118.3
94.7
73.7
55.3
39.6
26.5
16
8.1
2.9
0.32
0
Spatiul de franare
600
500
400
sf[m] 300
200
100
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
v[km/h]
( v 1v 2)
3.6 g ( cos sin )
[s];
t f min p=
v1
[s];
3.6 g
unde:
-
g=9.81m/s
=0.8
tf[s]
7.88
7.48
7
6.67
6.26
5.86
5.46
5.05
4.65
4.24
3.84
3.43
3
2.62
2.22
1.82
1.41
1
0.60
0.20
0
fi=0.6
v[km/
h]
195
185
175
165
155
145
135
125
115
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
5
0
tf[s]
9.20
8.73
8.2
7.78
7.31
6.84
6.37
5.89
5.42
4.95
4.48
4
3.53
3
2.59
2.12
1.65
1.17
0.70
0.23
0
fi=0.5
v[km/
h]
195
185
175
165
155
145
135
125
115
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
5
0
tf[s]
11
10.4
9.91
9.34
8.77
8.21
7.64
7
6.51
5.94
5.37
4.81
4.24
3.68
3.11
2.54
1.98
1.41
0.84
0.28
0
fi=0.4
v[km/
h]
195
185
175
165
155
145
135
125
115
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
5
0
tf[s]
13.8
13
12.3
11.6
10.9
10.2
9.55
8.84
8.14
7.43
6.72
6
5.30
4.60
3.89
3.18
2.477
1.76
1
0.35
0
fi=0.3
v[km/
h]
195
185
175
165
155
145
135
125
115
105
95
85
75
65
55
45
35
25
15
5
0
tf[s]
18.4
17.4
16.5
15.5
14.6
13.6
12.7
11.7
10.8
9.91
8.96
8
7
6.13
5.19
4.24
3.30
352.
1.41
0.47
0
Timpul de franare
20
15
tf[s] 10
5
0
0
50
100
150
200
v[km/h]
250