A S A S

Universitatea Bucureti Facultatea de Biologie

Centrul de Cercetri
MICROGEN

AGARICUS BLAZEI Murrill

UN MIRACOL?
Prof. univ. dr. Tatiana-Eugenia ESAN
membru corespondent al ASAS

&
Biolog Cecilia NEAMU

12 septembrie 2008

Agaricus blazei Murrill

Denumirea speciei de la R.W. Blaze din

Grainesville, Florida, n a crui proprietate a

fost gsit ciuperca de ctre Murrill (1945)
pe pajite (Stamets, 2000)

Considerat specie bun de:

Mizuno (2000)
Stamets (2000)

 Agaricus blazei Murrill,

Index of Fungi, IV: 193 (1945)

sensu Heinemann,
Bull. Jard. Bot. Belgium 62: 365-366,
1993
Considerat ca denumire greit
folosit

(Kerrigan, 2005, Mycologia 97(1): 12-24)

Prima descriere / denumire:

Agaricus subrufescens

Peck
New York State Mus. Ann. Rep. 46: 105,
1893 =

Psaliota subrufescens Kauff.

The Agaricaceae of Michigan 239 , 1918

Kerrigan, 2005, Mycologia 97(1): 12-24

Agaricus subrufescens

Kerrigan, 2005, Mycologia 97(1): 12-24

Alte sinonimii (continuare):

Agaricus rufotegulis Nauta
Persoonia 17(2): 230, 1999 (n Europa)
Agaricus brasiliensis Fr. 1830,
Wasser, Didukh, De Amazonas
& Stamets, Int. J. Med. Mush. 4: 274,
2002
Kerrigan, 2005, Mycologia 97(1): 12-24
Agaricus sylvaticus Shaeffer (Pegler,
citat de Souza i colab., 2004)

Regn:
Subregn:
Filum:
Subfilum:
Clasa:
Ordin:
Familie:

Fungi
Dikarya
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycotina
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Agaricaceae

Agaricus blazei
Denumiri populare:
mushroom of the sun ciuperca soarelui
Royal sun Agaricus ciuperca regal a soarelui, "ciuperca Regelui
Soare"

mushroom of the God ciuperca lui Dumnezeu, ciuperca

Divinitii/ ciuperca Zeilor

mushroom of life ciuperca vieii

almond mushroom/ almond-flavoured mushroom ciuperca cu
miros de migdal

Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM)

Descoperit n pdurile tropicale din Piedade, Sao Paulo, Brazilia

de TAKAROSHI FURUMOTO;
Ciuperc de cultur alb, cu suprafaa neted, fr scvame;
Plria cu neregulariti i o concavitate mic n centru ( de A.
bisporus i A. edulis);
ciuperca cu miros de migdal - almond mushroom;
Termofil, T de sporulare 21-26C;
Se dezvolt mai ales n soluri bogate n resturi vegetale, pe
fragmente lemnoase provenite din conifere i foioase

Agaricus edulis Bull.

nume curent A. bitorquis (Qul.)
Sacc. 1887 - bulgre de zpad

Ciuperc de cultur alb;

Suprafaa plriei

neted, cuticula fr
scvame;
T sporulare 23-25 C;
Rezistent la virusuri n
cultur
Borgarino & Hurtado(2005)

Agaricus bisporus
(J.E. Lange) Pilt 1951
button mushroom
Ciuperc de

cultur, alb sau

crem;
T sporulare 1218C, criofil
Bielli (1999)

Principii activi

Derivai de ergosterol (provitamina D2)

Poliribonucleotide (ARN dublu catenar)
Glucani: - -(1-4)-, -(1-6)-glucan
- -(1-6)-, -(1-4)-glucan
- -(1-3)-D-glucan, -(1-6)-D-glucan
- -(1-4)--D-glucan
Glucomanani: -(1-2)-, -(1-3)-glucomanan
Proteoglucani
Riboglucani .a.

Materialul micologic utilizat n

tratamente medicale:
Corpurile sporifere
Miceliul crescut pe medii solide de

cultur (semine de cereale, gru, orez,

orz)
Miceliul obinut prin cultivare submers

Proprieti terapeutice

Aciune antitumoral (anticancer)

Potenarea activitii sistemului de imunitate
Aciune antimicrobian
Reducerea nivelului de colesterol din organism
Reglarea nivelului glucozei sanguine, aciune antidiabet
Aciune hipotensiv
Reducerea arteriosclerozei
mbuntirea funciei hepatice, a pancreasului
Intervenie benefic n bolile alergice (astm .a.)
Aciune antiviral, anti-HIV, SIDA
Reglarea i meninerea homeostaziei

Aciune antitumoral, efect

antimutagen

Prima semnalare a efectului antitumoral Ikegawa i colab. (1968),

citat de Mizuno i colab. (1995)

Prevenirea multiplicrii celulelor tumorale

Inhibarea transformrii celulelor normale n celule tumorale
Producere de celule ce distrug celulele tumorale (Natural Killer
Cells" = NKC)

Inducerea sintezei factorilor pentru necrozarea tumorilor

Formarea interleukinelor i a oxidului nitric de ctre macrofage
Ciuperca A. blazei conine compui chimici care inhib enzima

aromataz, cu aciune asociat cu fenomenul creterii celulare

Efectul anticancer (99.4-80.7%) al ciupercii Agaricus

blazei comparativ cu alte ciuperci medicinale
Specia

Doza

Efect
anticancer %

Agaricus blazei

mmg
10

refacere
90.0

Flammulina velutipes

30

30.0

81.1

Polyporus umbellatus
(Grifola umbellata)
Phellinus yucatanensis

10

90.0

98.5

30

87.5

96.5

Pholiota nameko

30

30.0

86.5

Tricholoma massutake

30

55.5

91.3

Lentinus edodes

30

54.5

80.7

99.4

Efectul anticancer (99.4-61.2%) al ciupercii Agaricus

blazei comparativ cu alte ciuperci medicinale
(continuare)
Specia

Doza

Efect
anticancer %

Agaricus blazei

mmg
10

refacere
90.0

Lenzites betulina

30

57.1

70.2

Trametes versicolor

30

50.0

77.5

Pleurotus ostreatus

30

45.5

75.3

Ganoderma applanata

30

45.5

64.9

Ganoderma lucidum

30

20.0

77.8

Fomitopsis pinicola

30

33.3

61.2

99.4

Potenarea activitii sistemului

de imunitate
Produce fraciunile polizaharidice 1-3 i
1-6 -glucan, cu efect puternic de
potenare a sistemului imun, prin
sporirea capacitii organismului de
sintez a interferonului i a
interleukinelor

Aciune antimicrobian
Speciile genului Salmonella
Aciune antiviral previne

ptrunderea virusurilor n esuturi

Aciune anti-HIV, SIDA

Reducerea nivelului de colesterol

din organism
Compuii activi din extractul de A.
blazei convertesc colesterolul din forma
de lipoproteine cu densitate joas (LDL)
n cea de lipoproteine de nalt
densitate (HDL), nainte ca aceti
compui s prseasc ficatul i s
ptrund n circuitul sanguin
Triterpenele din formaiunile sporifere
inhib formarea colesterolului

Reglarea nivelului glucozei

sanguine
Scderea semnificativ i stabilizarea
concentraiei glucozei n snge la nivel
corespunztor tratare diabet
zaharat

Alte aciuni:
mbuntirea funciei hepatice, a

pancreasului
Intervenie benefic n bolile alergice
prin imunoglobulina E
Reglarea i meninerea homeostaziei

Produse medicamentoase i
nutriionale
Ciuperca uscat (supliment alimentar)
Extract din A. blazei (concentrat/ slab
concentrat)
Capsule diferite

Agaricus blazei H1X1 (AgariGold H1X1

Super Mushroom)

Cultivare A. blazei
Prima cultivare n America de Nord anul 1800 (A.

subrufescens) (Kerrigan, 2005)

Cea mai mare pia este actualmente n Japonia (Stamets, 2000)
Asabe Technical Library
http://asae.frymulti.com/abstract.asp. (American Society of
Agricultural and Biological Engineers St. Joseph, Michigan)
http://www.unicombag.com/cultivation/agbl.shtml
US Patent 5048227 1991 (autori: Okubo Janya, Kuramoto
Kazukuni & Ohkubo Shinji)
US Patent 6378244 2002 (Iwata Makoto & Furuya Kenji)
Higaki i colab. (1997)
Mizuno (2000)
Stamets (2000)
Kerrigan (2005)

Israel, Taiwan,Hawaii
i alte zone pe glob
Cultivare n
America de Nord,
Japonia

Japonia
cea mai mare cultivatoare de
Agaricus blazei

Cultivare A. bisporus

Cea mai cultivat specie de Agaricus

Van Griensven (2000)
N. Mateescu (2000)
Ioana Tudor (2004, 2005, 2007)
Asabe Technical Library
http://asae.frymulti.com/abstract.asp. (American
Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
St. Joseph, Michigan)

http://www.ciuperci.daky.ro/ciuperci_champignon.html

Cultivare A. edulis
http://www.ciuperci.daky.ro/ciuperci_champignon.

html
Puiu Chiinu (2000)
Ioana Tudor (2005)

Biologie molecular A. blazei

Colauto i colab. (2002) (Random
Amplified polymorphic DNA)
Kerrigan (2005):

Analiza secvenelor DNA a zonelor rDNA

ITS
Analiza genetic a hibrizilor
interpopulaionali
Lectotipificarea pentru Agaricus
subrufescens

Bibliografie (1)
BORGARINO D., HURTADO C. 2004. Le guide de champignons.

disud: 331
BORZACCHINI Osmar. Growing mushrooms. The story of the
life enhancing Agaricus blazei Murrill (Part 1a), Green concepts
company Ltd. A total approach to healthy leaving
DIDUKH M.Y., WASSER S.P., NEVO E. 2003. Lectotypification
of the name Agaricus subfrutescens Peck (Agaricaceae, higher
basidiomycetes). Ukr. Botan. Journ. 60: 494-500
FIRENZUOLI F., GORI L., LOMBARDO G. 2007. The medicinal
mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill: Review of literature and
pharmaco-toxicological problems,
http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/
HAUSKNECHT A. 2002. Agaricus rufotegulis Nauta in Portugal.
Rev. Catal. Micol. 24: 225-227
HEINEMANN P. 1993. Agarici Austroamericani VIII.
Agaricaceae des regions intertropicales dAmrique du Sud. Bull.
Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 62: 355-384

Bibliografie (2)
HIGAKI M., EGUCHI F., WATANABE Y. 1997. A stable culturing

method of pharmacological effects of Agaricus blazei. Nippon

Yakurigaku Zasshi 110(suppl. 1): 98-103
KERRIGAN R.W. 1983. History and biology of Agaricus
subrufescens. Mush. J. 129 (Sept.): 313-319
KERRIGAN R.W. 2005. Agaricus subrufescens, a cultivated
edible and medicinal mushroom, and its synonymy. Mycologia
97(1): 12-24
KIRK P.M., CANNON P.F., DAVID J.C., STALPERS J.A. 2001.
Ainsworth and Bisbys Dictionnary of the Fungi, 9th edition,
CABI Bioscience, UK: 624 pp.
LEY Beth M. 2001. Medicinal Mushrooms for Immune
Enhancement: Agaricus blazei Murrill, Discover the Beta Glucan
Secret, 36 pp.
MATEESCU N. 2000. Ciupercile. Cultura ciupercilor Agaricus i
Pleurotus. Ghidul ciupercilor din flora spontan. Ed. MAST: 6-78

Bibliografie (3)
MIZUNO T., SAITO H., NISHITOBA T., KAWAGISHI H. 1995.

Antitumor-active substances from mushrooms. Food Reviews

International 11: 23-61
MIZUNO T. 2000. Cultivation of the medicinal ,ushroom royal sun
agaricus Agaricus blazei Murr. (Agaricomycetidae). Int. J. Med.
Mushrooms 2: 215-220
NAUTA M.M. 1999. Notulae ad floram agaricinam Neerlndicam XXXIII.
Notes on Agaricus section Spissicaules. Persoonia 17: 221-233
PETRE M., BORDUZ L. 2003. Ciupercile medicinale utilizate ]n profilaxia
i terapia maladiilor umane grave, Ed. Printech, Buc.: 11-16
SOUZA Dias E., ABE C., SCWAN R.F. 2004. Truths and myths about
the mushroom Agaricus blazei. Sci. Agric. 61: 545-549
STAMETS P. 2000. Growing Gourmet and medicinal mushrooms, Ten
Speed Press, 3rd ed.: 208-216
STAMETS P. 2000. Techniques for cultivation of the medicinal
mushroom Royal Sun Agaricus Agaricus blazei Murr.
(Agaricomycetidae). Int. J. of Med. Mushrooms 2: 151-160
TUDOR Ioana. 2004. Ciuerci i miceliu. Ed. LUCMAN Buc.: 116-124

Bibliografie (4)

TUDOR Toana. 2005. Manualul cultivatorului de ciuperci

comestibile. Ed. LUCMAN Buc.: 26-56 ( A. bisporus), 57-62 (A.

edulis)
TUDOR Ioana. 2007. Ciuperci comestibile i medicinale, Ed.
LUCMAN Buc.: 272 pp.
WASSER S.P., DIDUKH M.Y., de AMAZONAS M.A.L., NEVO E.,
STAMETS P., da EIRA A.F. 2002. Is a widely cultivate d culinarymedicinal Royal Sun Agaricus (the Himematsutake Mushroom)
indeed Agaricus blazei Murrill ? Intl. J. Med. Mush. 4: 267-290
WHITE T.J., BRUNS T., LEE S., TAYLOR J. 1990. Amplification
and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for
phylogenetics. In: INNIS M.A., GELFAND D.H., SNINSKY J.J.,
WHITE T.J. (eds.) PCR protocols. A guide to methods and
applications. San Diego Academic Press: 315-322
* * * 2008. Effect of Agaricus Blazei (Murrill) ss. Heinemann
(Sun Mushroom), U.S. national Library of Medicine, U.S. National
Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human
Services, 3 pp.

PAGINI INTERNET

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaricus_subrufescens
http://www.afaceri-ok.com
http://www.agaricusfarm.com/
http://www.agaricus.net/
http://www.alternative-health-4u.com.agaricus.html
http://www.amazon.com/Medicinal-Mushrooms-Immune-EnhancementAgaricus/dp/1890766151
http://www.atlasworldusa.com/
http://www.ciuperci.daky.ro/ciuperci-champignon.html
http://www.dragonherbs.com
http://dshedu.com/Research/Mycology/Agaricus Blazei/
http://www.fungi.com/blazei html
http://www.kaboo.ro/info/agaricus-blazei.html
http://www.mushroomscience.com/msstore/agaricus_blazei.html
http://www.naturaplant.rp/produse/3760/Agaricus-Blazei-dr.Ionut-Moraru
http://www.taiai.co.jp/english/productinfo.html
http://www.unicombag.com/cultivation/agbl.shtml
http://www.zeolite.com/agaricus-blazei-h1x1/
http://www.xmag.ro/ORGANIKA.AGARICUS EXTRACT

AGARICUS BLAZEI

susinut de cele mai tiinifice

cercetri fundamentale i
aplicative