UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI Facultatea de Jurnalism si tiinte ale Comunicarii

Dracula drumul unui voievod catre cultura populara

Iulian Veghes

Bucureti 2010

Dracula in cultura populara Introducere In aceasta lucrare vom porni de la cartea lui Bram Stoker, Dracula si vom urmari sa demonstram modul in care aceasta a intrat in constiinta populara si cum produsul cultural mentionat a devenit un produs cultural de masa! "entru aceasta vom urmari nu atat #irul epic al romanului mentionat ci parcursul acestuia catre cultura populara! In acest scop va #i anali$ata intai interte%tualitatea ca si caracteristica a unui produs cultural popular si in acelasi timp stereotipia privita din aceeasi perspectiva! "entru o pre$entare cat mai succinta se va urmari si e%empli#icarea prin imagini&clipuri video&'annere a ideilor, urmarindu(se prin aceasta a'ordare o sustinere cat mai documentata si mai elocventa! Dracula dru ul unui !oie!od ro an catre cultura populara Interte%tualitatea primara Duritatea si severitatea cu care Vlad Dracula a condus )ara *omaneasca au marcat +uropa Centrala si *asariteana a sec! al ,V(lea! -st#el, aceasta tema a inceput sa apara in mod repetat pe diverse canale comunicationale speci#ice acelui secol .scrisori, cronici/! 0 prima #orma tiparita a modului in care Dracula era perceput in randul contemporanilor o regasim in pam#letele tiparite la Viena in anul 1234, 5eschichte Dracole 6aide ( "ovestea voievodului Dracula ! Intre 1277 si 1837 "ovestea voievodului Dracula este preluata si retiparita in 18 editii in orase germane, lucru ce a permis e%tinderea perceptiei pu'licului asupra domnitorului roman .in masura in care avea acces la te%tul scris pu'licul in acel secol/! 9atei Ca$acu1 sustine ca aparitia acestui pam#let are legatura cu actiunea propagandistica de de#aimare a lui Vlad Dracula pornita de 9atei Corvin pentru a(si :usti#ica nerespectarea intelegerii cu papalitatea; de a porni la o cruciada alaturi de domnitorul valah! -cest pam#let a #ost rescris in repetate randuri in secolul al ,V(lea, #iind sursa de inspiratie si pentru )homas +'endor# .1232/, aparand apoi si in memoriile "apei "ius al II(lea, pentru 9ihael Boheim in poemul Despre un tiran numit Dracula, voievod al Valahiei 4 .Von einem <utrich der hies )rakle <aida von der 6alahei/! De la acest pam#let si din istorisirile culese in perioada pe care a petrecut(o in Buda, in nordul )ransilvaniei si in 9oldova, Feodor =uritan scrie in 1273 Ska$anie a Drakula voevode 2 In 17>7 apare cartea lui Bram Stoker Dracula , care creea$a un persona: comple%,
1 Ca$acu, ;??7, pag! ;17 ; "apa "ius al II(lea 4 Con#! Ca$acu, ;??7, pag! ;;@

avand ideea de a asocia legendei europene caracteristicile unui animal sud(americanA liliacul hemato#ag sau liliacul vampir .Desmodus rotundus/!8 Cartea lui Stoker a #ost cea care l(a introdus pe Dracula in cultura de masa! Consider relevant pentru caracterul popular, #aptul ca in ultima luna au #ost apro%imav :umatate de milion de cautari doar pe google!com care au cuprins termenii Dracula si Bram Stoker 3! De la romanul amintit au derivat numeroase ecrani$ari printre care mentionamA Bos#eratu, +ine SCmphonie des 5rauens@ din 1>;;, in regia lui Friedrich 6<ilhelm 9urnau si avandu(l in distri'utie pe 9a% Schreck7! Bumele contelui Dracula este schim'at aici Dn contele 0rlok, regi$orul #ilmului neputand o'tine la acea vreme acordul pentru ecrani$are! 0 prima ecrani$are in care apare numele de Dracula este #ilmul omonim din 1>41, in regia lui )od Bro<ning! Filmul il are pe actorul de origine maghiara Bela Eugosi in rolul contelui! Fltimul #ilm cu un impact deose'it la nivelul culturii de masa a #ost #ilmul lui Francis Ford Coppola din 1>>;, cu 5arC 0ldman, 6inona *Cder, -nthonC Gopkins si =eanu *eeves, #ilm care a castigat si trei 0scar(uri, ceea ce a dus si mai mult la populari$area mitului Dracula vampirul! Site(ul imd'!com ne returnea$a peste 17? de #ilme produse in diverse tari, printre care SF-, Italia, 5ermania, Filipine, Fngaria, Cipru, "ortugalia, Suedia, Japonia>, productii in care se #ace re#erire la contele crud Dracula! Be#acand re#erire la vampirul din )ransilvania, seria )<ilight Saga preia si ea motivul vampirului din cartea anali$ata! In acelasi timp regasim peste 8? de productii de televiune pe aceeasi tema1?! Dintre productiile pentru televi$iune as mentiona seria GB0 din ;??7 )rue Blood ! Daca anali$am Dracula din perspectiva interte%tualitatii vom descoperi, #ara sa ne mire prea mult poate tinand seama de pre$enta persona:ului in cotidian, un produs cultural comple%, care a stat la 'a$a crearii a numeroase alte produse culturale, produse care preiau teme pre$ente in cartea lui Bram Stoker, care, con#orm lui 9atei Ca$acu, ar #i preluat si el la randul lui idei si teme din diverse alte lucrari! De e%emplu, sustine Ca$acu, intriga ar #i #ost preluata din Ee Capitaine Vampire .nouvelle roumaine/ , a lui 9arie Bi$et pu'licat in 17@> la Bre%elles si "aris!11 0'servam ca pornind de la pam#letul pu'licat prima data in 12341; tema cru$imii principelui valah a #ost preluata si a cunoscut diverse im'unatatiri ! -st#el s(a a:uns la imagineaa pre$enta acuma in constiinta comuna, respectiv vampirul Dracula, principele insetat de sange! )ocmai notorietatea vampirului Dracula a impins 9inisterul )urismului din *omania sa incerce promovarea turismului in *omania #olosindu(se de acest mit! +ste cunoscut proiectul propus de, pe atunci minsistrul turismului, Dan 9atei -gathon, care a dorit crearea unui parc de distractii tematic pe aceasta tema! -st#el, in martie ;??1, la )argul International de la Berlin, dintr(un sicriu a#lat in standul de pre$entare al *omaniei iese Dracula!
2 8 3 @ 7 > 1? 11 1; Con#! Ca$acu, ;??7, pag! ;77 httpA&&ro!<ikipedia!org&<iki&Dracula estimare ad<ords!google!com Bos#eratu o simp#onie a groa$ei httpA&&<<<!imd'!com&title&tt??1422;& Ve$i -ne%a 1 Ve$i -ne%a ; Ca$acu, ;??7, pag! 4;@ 5eschichte Dracole 6aide

"arcul, care initial tre'uia sa #ie amplasat langa Sighisoara .locul unde se presupune ca s(a nascut Vlad Dracula, pe vremea cand tatal acestuia, Vlad Dracul, se ocupa de 'anaria orasului! In urma opunerii mai multor 0B5(uri, dar si a printului Charles, s(a reevaluat positionarea parcului si s(a a:uns la conclu$ia ca amplasarea optima ar #i in vecinatatea Bucurestiului! "roiectul a inceput sa #ie implementat, dovada in acest sens este si inceputul de$voltarii site(ului <<<!draculapark!ro, site care nu a mai #ost terminat, asa cum nu a mai #ost terminat nici proiectul inceput atunci!

Pagina de start a site-ului www.draculapark.ro Bu #ace o'iectul discutiei oportunitatea acestui proiect, ci doar am vrut sa aratam un alt plan prin care a a:uns sa se e%prime produsul cultural popular Dracula! 0 alta $ona propice spre care s(a orientat acest produs a #ost mu$ica! 9ai :os se poate vedea o lista cu cateva din melodiile in care a #ost preluat mitul lui Dracula! -m atasat in -ne%a 4 versurile melodia Dracula a celor de la Iced +arth! Voi mentiona in acest punct doar re#renul acestei melodii, pentru ca acesta re#lecta #oarte 'ine imaginea pu'lica pe aceasta temaA Ma razbun cu intunericul, sangele e viata, Ordinul Dragonului, ma hranesc cu vieti omenesti.
14

Br! Bumele melodiei crt! 1 ;! 4! 2! 8! Dracula .Skit/=araoke Dracula Dracula Dracula From Gouston Eooking #or Dracula

-rtist )("ain 5orilla$ Iced +arth Butthole Sur#ers Charlotte Diamond

14 I avenge with darkness, the blood is the life !he Order of the Dragon, I feed on human life , Iced +arth, Dracula

5asim in acelasi timp nenumarate caricaturi cu si despre Dracula! Fn e%emplu poate #i va$ut mai :osA

SursaA cartoonsstock!com *egasim povestea lui Dracula transpusa in piese de teatru, inclusiv de teatru radio#onic! Compania de teatru radio#onic 9ercurC "roduction, cea care a creat cele'ra piesa pentru radio )he <ar o# the <orlds , piesa care a creat o adevarata isterie pe 4? octom'rie 1>47, si(a pornit seria de piese de teatru radio#onic la 11 iulie 1>47 cu o adaptare a romanului lui Bram Stoker! -ceasta prima piesa a lansat compania 9ercurC "roduction pe piata de teatru radio#onic12! Baletul nu putea sa nu preia tema lui Dracula, si ast#el Borthern Ballet )heatre a reali$at in ;??8 turul 9arii Britanii cu spectacolul Dracula ! 9ai :os se poate vedea posterul pu'licitar #olosit de compania mentionata pentru promovare! 0 alta repre$entatie poate #i intalnita in Colum'ia CitC avand acelasi persona: central18! )rupa de 'alet )ulsa Ballet din 0klahoma a avut cel mai mare succes din istoria ei tot cu o repre$entatie intitulata Dracula13! Bu putem sa omitem din aceasta lucrare multiplele o#erte de turism ale agentiilor speciali$ate 'a$ate pe acealasi produs cultural! +%ista companii de turism care sunt a%ate doar pe aceste tururi! Fn e%emplu elocvent este site(ul dractour!com1@!
12 18 13 1@ httpA&&en!<ikipedia!org&<iki&9ercurCH)heatre httpA&&<<<!colum'iacitC'allet!com& httpA&&<<<!tulsa'allet!org httpA&&<<<!dractours!com&

"entru o pre$entare mai e%acta a unei asemenea o#erte, se regaseste in -ne%a 2 descrierea turului o#erit turistilor! Sunt sute poate chiar mii de asemenea o#erte de pachete turistice pe urmele lui Dracula ! Ca ordin de marime, este repre$entativa cautarea e%acta in google!com dupa cuvantul cheie Dracula tour ! -cesta returnea$a peste @??? de re$ultate di#erite, numar care spune totul despre 'ogata o#erta din domeniu! Fn loc unde poate ne(am #i asteptat mai putin sa il intalnim pe Dracula este 9u$eul Bational de -rta al *omaniei! In perioada > iulie ;?1? 1? octom'rie ;?1? se des#asoara e%po$itia nu numele Dracula ( voievod si vampir , cu oca$ia implinirii a 111 ani de la aparitia cartii lui Bram Stoker! +%po$itia o#era pe langa costume de epoca si o'iecte din epoca respectiva si singurul ta'lou pictat al lui Vlad Dracula! -ceasta pictura este cel mai pro'a'il o copie din secolul al ,VI(lea detinut de =unsthistorisches 9useum Viena dupa originalul pictat in perioada de detentie a lui Vlad Dracula la curtea lui 9atei Corvin .1234(12@8/! "e langa articolele mentionate si o macheta a castelului de la "oenari, se pot vi$iona si cele doua #ilme cele're din prima :umatate a secolului ,, despre Dracula, respectiv Bos#eratu, +ine SCmphonie des 5rauens din 1>;; si Dracula din 1>41! "utem vedea ast#el cum pornind de la povestea lui Bram Stoker despre Dracula s(a a:uns la o e%po$itie in cadrul 9u$ului Bational de -rta al *omaniei! Cum social media este un su'iect relevant al $ilelor noastre, am considerat oportun sa veri#icam pre$enta produsului cultural pornit de la cartea mai sus mentionata! -st#el, am intalnit pagina #anilor #ilmului Dracula a lui Francis Ford Coppola .1>>;/17! Cu peste >?!??? de #ani, este o pagina care re#lecta succesul si simpatia de care se 'ucura su'iectul in randul pu'licului! 0 componenta interesanta a acestei pagini este galeria cu imagini propuse de #ani! In general sunt o'iecte de im'racaminte sau machete #acute de #ani dupa persona:e, imagini din #ilmul mentionat, #ani care isi lauda tatua:ele inspirate de persona:ele din #ilm, etc! In stanga este un e%emplu al unei machete dupa persona:ul Dracula!
17 httpA&&<<<!#ace'ook!com&pages&Bram(Stokers(Dracula&;>?>827;4?2

De asemenea pe pagina de pe #ace'ook dedicata lui Bram Stoker, regasim peste 11!??? de #ani ai autorului cele'rului roman1>! "e site(ul de micro'logging t<itter regasim #antoma lui Dracula .ghosto#dracula/;?! Ea ;1 iulie ;?1? a #ost lansat un :oc social;1, care se poate :uca inclusiv pe #ace'ook, cu trimitere la DraculaA Vampire 6ars *evive Dracula ! -vem de(a #ace cu o alta migrare a produsului cultural, mai e%act in $ona :ocurile de calculator! Si aici avem o multme de produse de acest gen, dintre care amintimA Bram StokerIs Dracula 5ame , Vlad )epes Dracula , DraculaA )he East SanctuarC si DraculaA )he *esurection 22" #o$a alaturata repre$inta intro%ul &ocului 'Dracula( T)e Re*urection+" 0 alta directie in care regasim in#luente ale produsului cultural anali$at o repre$inta design(ul vestimentar! -st#el, #anii vampirului Dracula pot gasi haine inspirate de cele'rul persona: pe site(ul <<<!vampirecostumes!com! -s dori sa inchei aceasta parte despre capacitatea cartii lui Bram Stoker de a naste noi produse culturale vor'ind despre proaspata lansare in *omania .august ;?1?/ a cartii Dracula, mortul viu scrisa de Dacre Stoker, stranepotul autorului cele'rului roman, si Ian Golt! -cesta carte isi propune sa #ie o continuare a celei care a creat nenumaratele derivate culturale despre care am vor'it mai sus, #olosind persona:e din cartea supusa anali$ei si continuand #irul epic al acesteia! Caracterul ,or ulaic *teoretipia *i paradi- ele itice

Folosirea unei #ormule standardi$ate inlesneste comunicarea dintre emitator si audienta, #ormule ce le regasim adesea in produsele culturale populare! Bach'ar&Eausse vor'esc despre acest aspect in urmatorii termeniA o #ormula populara este un produs creat .deseori o povestire/ care este in general repetitiv si ca urmare este #amiliar atat autorului cat si audientei ;4! 9ergand pe #ormulari$area produsului cultural, regasim la aceeasi autori genul horror traditional care de o'icei respecta o anumita de$voltare epicaA 1/ incadrarea intr(o lume normala, plictisitoare, con#ormista dar totodata aparent siguraJ ;/ atacarea lumii normale de catre un monstruJ 4/ incercari nereusite de a in#range monstrul .etapa deseori marcata si de di#icultati initiale de a convinge lumea din :ur despre e%istenta monstrului/J 2/ atacuri ale monstrului care conduc catre suspans, teroare si moarteJ 8/ in#rangerea monstrului prin moarte sau e%ilJ 3/ o lume normala, revi$uita!;2 0'servam ca Dracula respecta intocmai aceasta standardi$areA 1/ actiunea incepe intr(o lume normala, in Eondra, cu persona:e normale, tineri indragostiti, a#aceri
1> ;? ;1 ;; ;4 ;2 httpA&&<<<!#ace'ook!com&pages&Bram(Stoker&114??@7484712?; httpA&&t<itter!com&ghosto#dracula Joc de calculator ce se des#asoara online, #iind un mi% intre :ocurile de calculat clasice si retelele sociale httpA&&<<<!gamespot!com&pc&action&'ramstokersdracula&inde%!html Bach'ar&Eausse, 1>>>, pag! 21@ Bach'ar&Eausse, 1>>>, pag! 217

;/ 4/ 2/ 8/ 3/

imo'iliare, etcJ apare in cadrul romanului DraculaJ incercarile lui Van Gellsing de a o prote:a pe EucC de atacul vampirului incercari ingreunate si de reticenta celor din :urJ atacurile lui Dracula asupra lui EucC, care conduc la moartea acesteia .sau la trans#ormarea ei in nes#eratu ;8 sau vampir/ precum si atacul asupra 9ineiJ Dracula este omorat de Van GellsingJ avem din nou o lume normala, vampirul Dracula care atentase la normalitatea ei a disparut!

GartleC de#ineste steoretiparea ca #iind clasi#icarea sociala a unor grupuri sau persoane ca semne e%trem de simpli#cate si generali$ate, care repre$inta implicit si e%plicit un set de valori, :udecati si presupuneri privind comportamentul, caracteristicile si istoria lor! ;3! In roman intalnim un amalgam de stereotipuri, de la stereotipul cuplului indragostit, pana la stereotipul tinerei culte, sarace, principala si hotarata .9ina/ sau stereotipul savantului&autoritatii .Van Gellsing/ care stie tot .inclusiv ce tre'uie #acut pentru a(l neutrali$a pe Dracula/, dar si stereotipul raului care incearca sa isi #aca noi adepti .Dracula/! .itul !a pirului este un mit vechi pe care il regasim atat in cultura latina cat si in cea greaca! Brian Frost sustine urmatoarele credinta in vampiri si in demoni care sug sangele este la #el de veche ca e%istenta umana ;@! Cu toate astea termenul de vampir nu a #ost populari$at pana la inceputul secolului al ,VIII(lea, cand miturile est europene si 'alcanice pe aceasta tema au devenit cunoscute si in +uropa de Vest, desi in $onele amintite variantele locale cunosteau si alte denumiri, cum ar #i vrCkolakas la greci sau strigoi in *omania!;7 *omanul Dracula a contri'uit la raspandirea decisiva a mitului vampirilor prin pu'licarea acestei idei intr(un tira: de masa! Conclu$ie -sa cum am va$ut in anali$a de mai sus, cartea Dracula a lui Bram Stoker este un produs cultural popular care, prin puternica imagine a vampirului proiectata in randul masei, a devenit o #oarte importanta sursa de inspiratie pentru un numar impresionant de lucrari culturale! -ceasta carte este si cea care a inradacinat mitul vampirului in constiinta colectiva dar si cea care a creat legatura intre )ransilvania si acest mit al vampirului(om! Bram Stoker a pornit de la o realitate istorica, duritatea voievodului Dracula si a lipit peste aceasta ideea vampirului, creand un persona: comple%, atipic .pentru perioada in care a #ost scrisa cartea/ dar care 'a$andu(se pe temerile ancestrale ale omului, moartea, viata de dupa moarte, spiritele rele a avut un puternic ecou in randul culturii populare universale, devenind ast#el o componenta importanta a acesteia! Ane/a 120
;8 9! Ca$acu 'anuieste ca acest cuvant provine cel mai pro'a'il din stalcirea cuvantului romanesc nesu#erituI , un mod popular de a(l mentiona pe diavol ;3 GatleC, 1>>>, pag! 41@ ;@ Frost, 1>7>, pag! 4 ;7 httpA&&en!<ikipedia!org&<iki&Vampire ;> httpA&&<<<!imd'!com&

1i*ta ,il elor de*pre Dracula

1! Dracula ;??? .;???/ ;! DraculaA Dead and Eoving It .1>>8/ 4! Eove at First Bite .1>@>/ 2! Blacula .1>@;/ 8! Die Gard Dracula .1>>7/ 3! Black SundaC .1>3?/ @! Dracula Gas *isen #rom the 5rave .1>37/ 7! Dracula IIA -scension .;??4/ .V/ >! DraculaA "ages #rom a VirginIs DiarC .;??;/ 1?! Gouse o# Dracula .1>28/ 11! )he Batman vs DraculaA )he -nimated 9ovie .;??8/ .V/ 1;! Count Dracula and Gis Vampire Bride .1>@4/ 14! DraculaIs Daughter .1>43/ 12! =ill Ba'C, =ill .1>33/ 18! )aste the Blood o# Dracula .1>@?/ 13! Dark "rinceA )he )rue StorC o# Dracula .;???/ .)V/ 1@! Dracula -!D! 1>@; .1>@;/ 17! Gouse o# Frankenstein .1>22/ 1>! Scars o# Dracula .1>@?/ K ;?! Son o# Dracula .1>24/ ;1! )he Brides o# Dracula .1>3?/ ;;! )he Seven Brothers 9eet Dracula .1>@2/ ;4! Vampiros les'os .1>@1/ ;2! 9C Soul Is Slashed .1>>1/ ;8! 6hat .1>34/ ;3! Count Dracula .1>@?/ ;@! )<ins o# +vil .1>@1/ ;7! VampCresA Daughters o# Darkness .1>@2/ ;>! Countess Dracula .1>@1/ 4?! Count Lorga, Vampire .1>@?/ 41! Dracula vs! Frankenstein .1>@1/ 4;! Ea morte vivante .1>7;/ 44! )he Gallo<een )hat -lmost 6asnIt .1>@>/ .)V/ 42! Dracula 4??? .;??2/ 48! Dracula IIIA EegacC .;??8/ 43! )he 6ere<ol# Versus the Vampire 6oman .1>@1/ 4@! EemoraA - ChildIs )ale o# the Supernatural .1>@4/ 47! MLoung DraculaM .;??3/ 4>! Blood o# Dracula .1>8@/ 2?! )he Crimson Cult .1>37/ 21 DraculaIs Dog .1>@7/ 2;! Count DraculaIs 5reat Eove .1>@;/ 24! 5e'issen <ird nur nachts .1>@1/ 22! )error o# the Eiving Dead .1>@4/ 28! 9C Ei#e <ith Count Dracula .;??4/ 23! *iti, magie nere e segrete orge nel trecento!!! .1>@4/ 2@! )he *eturn o# Dracula .1>87/

27! 2>! 8?! 81! 8;! 84! 82! 88! 83! 8@! 87! 8>! 3?! 31! 3;! 34! 32! 38! 33! 3@! 37! 3>! @?! @1! @;! @4! @2! @8! @3! @@! @7! @>! 7?! 71! 7;! 74! 72! 78! 73! 7@! 77! 7>! >?! >1! >;! >4! >2! >8! >3!

)he *oad to Dracula .1>>>/ 0ld Drac .1>@2/ CastlevaniaA SCmphonC o# the Bight .1>>@/ BillC the =id versus Dracula .1>33/ Blood o# DraculaIs Castle .1>3>/ Caesar N 0tto in the Gouse o# Dracula .;??>/ Dracula *ising .1>>4/ Curse o# the Devil .1>@4/ Go< 9C Dad =illed Dracula .;??7/ FrankensteinIs BloodC )error .1>37/ )<o 0rphan Vampires .1>>@/ -nd Comes the Da<n!!! But Colored *ed .1>@1/ Eake o# Dracula .1>@1/ Dracula o# +%archeia .1>74/ Vem var DraculaO .1>@8/ Vlad )epes .1>@>/ 6aC o# the Vampire .;??8/ Castlevania .1>73/ Ceremonia sangrienta .1>@4/ +vil o# Dracula .1>@2/ Doctor Dracula .1>@7/ DraculaA - Cham'er 9usical .;???/ DrPcula contra Frankenstein .1>@;/ Dracula and Son .1>@3/ Dracula .)he DirtC 0ld 9an/ .1>3>/ Dracula in Istan'ul .1>84/ Fracchia contro Dracula .1>78/ =iller Bar'Cs vs! Dracula .;??;/ Ea #iancQe de Dracula .;??;/ Ea #ille de Dracula .1>@;/ -ssignment )error .1>@?/ EugosiA GollC<oodIs Dracula .1>>@/ Eust #or Dracula .;??2/ 9ama Dracula .1>7?/ Santo en +l tesoro de DrPcula .1>3>/ Santo C Blue Demon vs DrPcula C el Gom're Eo'o .1>@4/ )o Die For .1>77/ Vampire Blues .1>>>/ Dracula in "akistan .1>3@/ Super Castlevania 2 .1>>1/ CastlevaniaA Circle o# the 9oon .;??1/ -kuma:R Dracula ,A chi no rondo .1>>4/ Batman Fights Dracula .1>3@/ Bonnie N ClCde vs! Dracula .;??7/ DraculaA - Cinematic Scrap'ook .1>>1/ Castlevania IIA SimonIs Suest .1>7@/ DraculaIs 5uest .;??7/ MDraculaA )he SeriesM .1>>?/ .)V series/ +l :ovencito DrPcula .1>@@/

>@! +mmanuelle the "rivate CollectionA +mmanuelle vs! Dracula .;??2/ >7! +motion .1>33/ >>! 5ra# Dracula 'eiTt :et$t in 0'er'aCern .1>@>/ 1??! 5uess 6hat Gappened to Count DraculaO .1>@1/ 1?1! Il cav! Costante Bicosia demoniaco, ovveroA Dracula in Brian$a .1>@8/ 1?;! )he Dracula Saga .1>@4/ 1?4! Ees charlots contre Dracula .1>7?/ 1?2! 9aking IBram StokerIs DraculaI .1>>;/ 1?8! Bocturna .1>@>/ 1?3! Son o# Dracula .1>@2/ 1?@! )he Blood Is the Ei#eA )he 9aking o# IBram StokerIs DraculaI .;??@/ 1?7! )he +rotic *ites o# Countess Dracula .;??1/ 1?>! Fear o# the 5host GouseA Bloodsucking Doll .1>@?/ 11?! CastlevaniaA EegacC o# Darkness .1>>>/ 111! CastlevaniaA Eegends .1>>@/ 11;! -llen and *ossi 9eet Dracula and Frankenstein .1>@2/ 114! Blood EinesA Dracula ( )he 9an! )he 9Cth! )he 9ovies! .1>>;/ 112! BloodlinesA )he Dracula FamilC )ree .;??4/ 118! Children o# Dracula .1>>2/ 113! MDon DraculaM .1>7;/ 11@! Doom o# Dracula .1>33/ 117! Dracula ;A )he East SanctuarC .;??1/ 11>! Dracula Bites the Big -pple .1>@>/ 1;?! Dracula in Vegas .1>>>/ 1;1! Dracula Eive #rom )ransClvania .1>7>/ 1;;! DraculaA 0rigin .;??7/ 1;4! Dracula, the 5reat Fndead .1>78/ 1;2! Dracula the Impaler .;??;/ 1;8! DraculaA )he *esurrection .;???/ 1;3! Dracula Fnleashed .1>>4/ 1;@! )he +mpire o# Dracula .1>3@/ 1;7! +vil o# Dracula .1>>7/ 1;>! )he 5algali FamilC and Dracula .;??4/ 14?! Bad Bin:as 6ear 5old .1>@@/ 141! I Dream o# Dracula .;??4/ 14;! In CameraA )he BaUve Visual +##ects o# IBram StokerIs DraculaI .;??@/ 144! In Search o# GistorCA )he *eal Dracula .;???/ 142! =hooni Dracula .1>>;/ 148! Ea dinastVa de Dracula .1>7?/ 143! EadC Dracula .1>@7/ 14@! MEittle DraculaM .1>>1/ 147! 9ethod and 9adnessA Visuali$ing IDraculaI .;??@/ 14>! )empi duri per i vampiri .1>8>/ 12?! )ender Dracula, or Con#essions o# a Blood Drinker .1>@2/ 121! M)he Curse o# DraculaM .1>@>/ 12;! )he 9ark o# Dracula .1>>@/ 124! )he *evamping o# Dracula .;??2/ 122! 1?? Lears o# GorrorA Dracula and Gis Disciples .1>>3/ 128! 9en o# -ction 9eet 6omen o# Dracula .1>3>/

-kuma:R Dracula ,, .1>>8/ M-mantul marii doamne DraculaM .;??8/ Batuta ni Drakula .1>@1/ CanuculaW .Dracula in Canada/ .;??7/ Chicago Dracula .;??>/ Dracula aema .1>>2/ DrPcula Boliviano .;??7/ DraculaA For'idden Frut(a "laC Bene#iting the Clemente "rogram .;??>/ Dracula in Eondon .1>>4/ DrPcula masca#ierro .;??;/ Dracula mon amour .1>>4/ DraculaA "rince o# 9arketing .;??7/ DraculaA *evamped .;??@/ DraculaA )he )rue StorC .1>>@/ DraculaA )he Fn(Dead .;?1;/ MDrPcula, Fma GistXria de -morM .1>7?/ Dracula Fnearthed .;??;/ Dracula Lear Yero .;?11/ Drakoulas N Sia .1>8>/ Dumne$eu la sa%o#on, dracula la vioara .;??2/ Fort Dracula .;??2/ GaC Zue matar a DrPcula .1>37/ Gello Dracula .1>78/ Gungarian Dracula .1>74/ Il risveglio di Dracula .1>34/ In Search o# Dracula <ith Jonathan *oss .1>>3/ Dracula *ises .1>7;/ M9r! and 9rs! DraculaM .1>7?/ M0tra ve$ DrPculaM .1>@?/ "assion o# Dracula .1>7?/ )he ImpalerA - Biographical&Gistorical Eook at the Ei#e o# Vlad the Impaler, 6idelC =no<n as Dracula .;??;/ 1@@! )he *eal Ei#e o# Dracula .;??8/ 1@7! )he Slacks o# Dracula .;?1?/ 1@>! )he )ruth -'out Dracula .;?1?/ 17?! )iempos duros para DrPcula .1>@3/ 171! )opo 5igio ( Bo Castelo do Conde DrPcula .1>7@/ 17;! Loung(gu and Count Dracula .1>>;/
123! 12@! 127! 12>! 18?! 181! 18;! 184! 182! 188! 183! 18@! 187! 18>! 13?! 131! 13;! 134! 132! 138! 133! 13@! 137! 13>! 1@?! 1@1! 1@;! 1@4! 1@2! 1@8! 1@3!

Ane/a 220 1i*ta productiilor TV in care apare Dracula

1! M5reat "er#ormancesA Count DraculaM .1>@@/ ;! MBu##C the Vampire SlaCerA Bu##C vs! Dracula .[8!1/M .;???/ 4!M)he GardC BoCs&BancC Dre< 9CsteriesA GardC BoCs and BancC Dre< 4? Sursa I9DB!com

9eet Dracula .[;!1/M .1>@@/

2!MDetective ConanA Dracula Villa 9urder CaseA "art 1 .[4!43/M .1>>7/ 8!M)he GardC BoCs&BancC Dre< 9CsteriesA GardC BoCs and BancC Dre< 9eet DraculaA "art ; .[;!;/M .1>@@/ 3!MDetective ConanA Dracula Villa 9urder CaseA "art ; .[4!4@/M .1>>7/ @!M9cCloudA 9cCloud 9eets Dracula .[@!3/M .1>@@/ 7!M)he -dventures o# Super'oCA Loung Dracula .[;!2/M .1>7>/ >!MEost 6orldsA )he *eal Dracula .[1!>/M .;??3/ 1?!MSvengoolieA )he Eoves o# DraculaM .1>>@/ K11!MSon o# SvengoolieA Son o# Dracula .1>24/ .[1!4/M .1>@>/ 1;!MSvengoolieA )he Brides o# DraculaM .;??3/ 14!MSon o# SvengoolieA Gorror o# Dracula .1>87/ .[1!147/M .1>7;/ 12!MSon o# SvengoolieA Dracula .1>41/ .[1!4;/M .1>7?/ 18!MLoung DraculaA Ba'C Dracula .[;!3/M .;??@/ 13!M9Csterious JourneCsA Gunt #or DraculaM .;??@/ 1@!M"ost'us ,A Dracula Van *aven'urg .[3!4/M 17!M)iteu#A "QpQ Dracula .[1!8@/M 1>!MScream "laCA Blade&Dracula&)he -()eam .[1!11/M .;??2/ ;?!MCreature FeaturesA Dracula&)he 9ummCIs 5host .[1!;4/M .1>@1/ ;1!M)he -dventures o# Super'oCA *un, Dracula, *un .[;!13/M .1>>?/ ;;!M)he 6orld o# GammerA Dracula and the Fndead .[1!;/M .1>>2/ ;4!MSunnCside FarmA Dracula and a 6oman .[1!1/M .1>>@/ ;2!MCreature FeaturesA Son o# Dracula .[1!3/M .1>@?/ ;8!MSvengoolieA Son o# DraculaM .;??@/ ;3!MCreature FeaturesA Gouse o# Dracula&)he EadC and the 9onster .[1!;;/M .1>@1/ ;@!M5host'ustersA Shades o# Dracula .[1!43/M .1>73/ ;7!MCreature FeaturesA Gouse o# Dracula&Dr! *enaultIs Secret .[1!4@/M .1>@1/ ;>!MCreature FeaturesA Dracula&She(6ol# o# Eondon .[1!1/M .1>@?/ 4?!MSon o# SvengoolieA Gorror o# Dracula .1>87/ .[1!1?4/M .1>71/ 41!MSon o# SvengoolieA Scars o# Dracula .1>@?/ .[1!128/M .1>7;/ 4;!MSvengoolieA 9cCloud 9eets DraculaM .1>>>/ 44!MGallo Belgi\A 5raa# Dracula .[1!11/M .;??4/ 42!MCro<n CourtA )he Death o# Dracula .[1!;2/M .1>@4/ 48!MVirtual 9urderA - Dream o# Dracula .[1!8/M .1>>;/ 43!MSon o# SvengoolieA Dracula .1>41/ .[1!@?/M .1>7?/ 4@!M)C9 FndergroundA BillC the =id vs! Dracula&Jesse James 9eets FrankensteinIs Daughter .[1!13/M .;??@/ 47!MCreature FeaturesA DraculaIs Daughter&Son o# Dracula .[1!4?/M .1>@1/ 4>!M*iddles o# the DeadA Dracula FnearthedM .;??4/ 2?!M"rank "atrolA Count Dracula .[4!>/M .;??@/ 21!MSon o# SvengoolieA Son o# SvengoolieIs Gallo<een DraculathonA Dracula .1>41/&DraculaIs Daughter .1>43/&Gouse o# Dracula .1>28/ .[1!1>/M .1>@>/ 2;!MSon o# SvengoolieA Gouse o# Dracula .1>28/ .[1!44/M .1>7?/ 24!M9Csterious JourneCsA )he Gunt #or Dracula .[;!8/M .;??@/ 22!MSon o# SvengoolieA Son o# Dracula .1>24/ .[1!@1/M .1>7?/ 28!MSon o# SvengoolieA Dracula vs! Frankenstein .1>@1/ .[1!2/M .1>@>/ 23!M)he 5rim -dventures o# BillC N 9andCA Dracula 9ust DieW&Short )all )ales .[@!1?/M .;??@/ 2@!MFrusei CatsuraA 6hat a DraculaW .[;!3/M .1>7;/ 27!MSvengoolieA )he *eturn o# Dracula .[1!12/M .1>>8/ 2>!MSon o# SvengoolieA Gouse o# Dracula .1>28/ .[1!>2/M .1>71/

8?!MSon 81!MSon

o# SvengoolieA Gorror o# Dracula .1>87/ .[1!14/M .1>@>/ o# SvengoolieA Dracula .1>41/ .[1!1;;/M .1>71/

Ane/a 2

Iced Eart) Dracula21

Do Cou 'elieve in loveO Do Cou 'elieve in destinCO )rue love maC come onlC once in a thousand li#etimes!!! I too have loved, theC took her #rom me! I praCed #or her soul, I praCed #or her peace
41 httpA&&<<<!lCricsmode!com&lCrics&i&icedHearth&dracula!html

6hen I close mC eCes I see her #ace, it com#orts me 6hen I close mC eCes 9emories cut like a kni#e )he 'lood is the li#e, and Christ I de#C! 9C s<orn enemC, 'irth o# a ne< creed! Is this mC re<ard #or serving 5odIs o<n <arO )he 'lood IIve spilled #or #aith #ul#illed! )o damn her, a disgrace, Cou spit 'ack in mC #ace! I served Cou loCallC, and Cou spe< 'lasphemC! I avenge <ith darkness, the 'lood is the li#e )he 0rder o# the Dragon, I #eed on human li#e )here are #ar <orse things a<aiting man than death Come taste <hat I have seen IIm spreading mC disease I <ill #eed upon Gis precious child )he human race <ill 'leed, theC <ill serve mC need! I avenge <ith darkness, the 'lood is the li#e )he 0rder o# the Dragon, I #eed on human li#e I am the Dragon o# 'lood, a relentless prince o# pain *enouncing 5od on Gis throne 9C 'lood is #orever stained For true love I shall avenge I de#C the creed that damned her

Ane/a 322 Itinerariul Dracula Tur o,erit de dactour*"co

Da4 1 )odaC, li#e in -merica ends as <e kno< it! 6e depart our normal, mundane e%istences #or a paranormal, horrori##ic e%perience on #oreign soil! Join #ello< #riends N #iends #rom all over the <orld .and 'eCondWO/, as <e 'oard the plane as a group! +n:oC the meals .no garlic/ and on('oard #ilms on our transatlantic #light, or get some sleep .'ecause CouIll 'e up late ho<ling at the moon once <e 'egin our vacation/! 9aC'e M the devil made Cou do it,M 'ut thereIs no turning 'ack no< ( Cour chilling adventure to a land that time #orgot has o##iciallC 'egunW LouIre in #or the most #un(#illed, spine(tingling time o# Cour li#e .even i# Cou are part o# the undead/W

4; httpA&&<<<!dractours!com&itinerarC!htm 18

Da4 2 Eand in *omania! 6elcome to +astern +urope, and a :ourneC Cou <ill never #orgetW 6e land in legendarC Bucharest, capital o# *omania .#irst mentioned 'C this name in a document signed 'C "rince Vlad Dracula himsel# in the Cear 128>/! ItIs 88? Cears later, and <e #ind ourselves in the same unholC land! 6e are ghoulishlC greeted 'C our lu%urC coach and <e trans#er to the hotel! -long the <aC, learn a'out *omania and its people, and also discover the truths, the legends, the mCths and the magic o# Dracula, Vlad and )ransClvania! 9eet Cour #ello< travelers in our group orientation complete <ith #ull(course <elcome dinner! Spend Cour #irst night at the gothic MBulevardM hotel]]] in Bucharest! I# CouIre sensitive, paC attentionA the rooms are #illed <ith ghostsW

to the ho<ling o# <olves and depart 'C lu%urC coach to the mCsterious, secluded island <hich is the home o# the Snagov 9onasterC! Lou <ill cross a moat 'C ro<'oat to arrive at VladIs tom'! )he richlC dressed corpse, e%humed in 1>41, had 'een decapitated! In the place o# a human skeleton <as the 'ones o# an animal! )he #rescos and art<ork surrounding the grave are a sight to 'ehold! "hoto session outside at the giant steel cruci#i%! -#ter the Isle o# Snagov, trans#er to the to<n o# Bran, home o# "rince VladIs Castle! 0n the <aC <e pass through the Bistrit$a *iver, recogni$a'le #rom Bram StokerIs novel! 6eIll drive through tinC villages <ith violent pasts, and acres o# #orest(covered hills, <here an impaler could easilC kill thousands! 6e continue our :ourneC to the #amous Castle o# Bran! Castle Bran is a dark, gloomC edi#ice to<ering over a 'ed o# stone, gruesome Cet 'eauti#ul as a preserved #ortress! )he castle, 'uilt in 14@@, is an important national monument and landmark o# )ransClvania, due not onlC to the ma:estic 'eautC o# the castle and the uncannC landscape, 'ut also to the legend o# Count Dracula! In the park area, there is a open(air gCpsC 'a$aar <here Cou <ill #ind the 'est selection o# Dracula dolls, shirts, souvenirs N memora'ilia in )ransClvania! Lou could 'uC hand(<oven <oolen s<eaters here, <orth ^18?, #or ^1;! )rans#er to M-ro "alaceM hotel]]]] in Brasov #or 1 nightIs accommodations! Eate night activitC to 'e determined!
Da4 3 -#ter a heartC .pun intended/ 'reak#ast, e%plore Brasov, one o# three ma:or centers in )ransClvania esta'lished in VladIs time! It <as in Brasov that Vlad en:oCed his meals <hile hundreds o# villagers died on stakes at the 'ase o# )impa Gill! Sightseeing includes the MBlack ChurchM 'e#ore departing to Sighisoara, the 'est preserved medieval to<n in all o# +urope, and 'irthplace o# Vlad! See the true 'irth home <here "rince Vlad <as 'orn into this <orld! )he complete <alking tour o# the <alled citC o# Sighisoara includes the gorC )orture room and 6itchIs )rial! "hoto opportunities at outdoor gravesites and historic Clock )o<er! Continue on to the ancient cemeterC through the haunted #ullC(covered <ooden stair<aC! -#ter the visit to VladIs 'irthplace, 'egin the ascent up the Carpethian 9ountains! Follo< the path o# Jonathan Garker, as descri'ed in Bram StokerIs novel, MDracula!M 6atch classic horror movies on the coach, and stop #or gala dinner and presentation at Jonathan GarkerIs 5olden Cro<n *estaurant! I# Cou havenIt tasted 'lood Cet, todaC Cou <ill 'e a'le to indulge in a uniZue drinkA 'lood(red liZuor, an e%clusive 'everage o# the 5olden Cro<n *estaurant! )his is :ust one stop as <e #ollo< in the path o# Dracula, or more accuratelC, the :ourneC traveled 'C Jonathan Garker .in the notes o# the heroIs diarC/! 6e #east on a lavish #ull(course meal at the *omanian Coroana de -ur, perhaps even ordering the house specialtC, the M*o''er Steak,M Jonathan GarkerIs ritual meal in the MDraculaM novel! 6e toast one another <ith the 'lood 'randC! -#ter dining and posing

Da4 2 -<ake

<ith the interior design .CouIll see <hat <e mean/, 'oard the coach and ascend the Borgo "ass! Lou <ill pass rivers, trees, s<amps and mountains, capturing the essence o# GarkerIs trail! Lou <ill see the Carpathian gorges <hich #it StokerIs description almost per#ectlC! FinallC, Cou arrive at MDracula CastleM hotel]]] in "iatra Fantanele! Da4 5 -#ter 'reak#ast, e%plore everC nook N crannC o# the castleA check out the souvenirs in the lo''C shop, visit the outdoor marketplace and local cemeterC, and :ust spend Cour daC leisurelC preparing Cour costume and make(up #or the partC at night! )his <ould 'e a good daC to nap N catch up on some sleep i# time allo<s! In the evening Cou <ill partake in the one and onlC <orld(#amous .or in#amous/ unholC Gallo<een night gala costume 'all! 9eet in the den #or group photo session and venture outside the castle <alls #or drinks, appeti$ers and live gCpsC musicians at the 'on#ire! )hen, <itness an actual MvampireM <edding ceremonC as conducted 'C a local monk and his chanting nuns! Lou are then readC to e%perience the ultimate Gallo<een masZuerade 'ash and late(night partC! )his includes music, dancing, surprise Gallo<een treats, and ( dare <e tell Cou ( the visit to the in#amous Mco##inM in the depths o# the CastleIs dungeon! -t the stroke o# midnight, itIs the reno<ned costume contest and a<ard presentations, as covered 'C DiscoverCIs )ravel Channel! )he partCing continues until the <ee hours #or those in the right spiritW Lou maC 'ring Cour cameras N camcorders to the masZuerade 'all, 'ut donIt 'e too shocked i# all o# the guests do not appear in Cour photos a#ter Cou have them developed! Gallo<een <ill never 'e the same a#ter CouIve partied in DraculaIs Castle in )ransClvania! Bet<een the scarC N se%C N imaginative costumes, and the unusual characters, there <ill 'e more head( turning than in an +%orcist movie! 0nce again, overnight accommodations at MDracula CastleM hotel! Da4 6 Eu%urC coach trans#er to Si'iu, <atch vintage vampire videos along the <aC, plus on('oard terror trivia competition <ith pri$es! )ake the <alking citC tour in Si'iu including EiarIs Bridge and Central SZuare! Finish the trip at the massive +vangelical Church, #irst 'uilt in 14?? and added to manC times since then! )his church, <ith its 8(pointed to<er, hosts the largest organ in all o# *omania, comprising over 3,??? pipes! 6e are not there #or a concert, though! Instead, Cour destination lies 'ehind the narthe% o# the church, #or that is <here the 'urial vaults are located! )he stone<ork on the vault seals and on the various decorations throughout the church are ama$inglC and 'eauti#ullC preserved! )<o vaults hold special interest! )he #irst vault is o# "rince 9ihnea the Bad, one o# the sons o# Vlad Dracula, <ho <as murdered :ust outside the church! )he second vault o# interest is that o# Valentini Frank, a *omanian scientist and phCsician! )he reason this vault is so uniZue is 'ecause Valentini Frank is considered one o# 9arC ShelleCIs inspirations in her creation o# MFrankenstein!M ShelleC had a num'er o# paramours, one o# <hom <as #rom Si'iu, and it <as this lover <ho in#ormed ShelleC a'out FrankIs li#e and the various lurid e%periments he <as reputed to have conducted! )ake photos in the catacom'Is chair o# #ears and tears! )ime <ill 'e then 'e allotted #or shopping in the citC, including the second(hand stores on the side streets! )rans#er to MImparatul *omanilor hotel]]] in Si'iu #or one nightIs accommodations! Eate(night activitC to 'e determined!

DaC @
Gead north up -rgus ValleC and prepare Coursel# #or Cet another highlightA Cour visit to <hat most Dracula purists consider the true Castle o# DraculaA "oenari Castle! )hose in good shape clim' the endless .18??/ stairs up to the #ortress, and surround Coursel# <ith the remains and ruins o# VladIs Castle! )he Citadel <as 'uilt in 128> 'C )urkish prisoners and served as a #ortress

#or Vlad Dracula and his #amilC! It also provided the *omanians <ith a nearlC unreacha'le point o# de#ense in guarding the entrance to the -rges ValleC! Be sure Cou have saved some #ilm #or this ( donIt miss taking pictures o# the countrC #rom atop the hill o# the #ortess! Check into hotel and #reshen up #or our annual gala #are<ell dress(up dinner at MClu' DraculaM restaurant <ith a possi'le surprise visit 'C Mthe CountM himsel#! Lour #inal night accommodations are once again at the MBulevardM hotel]]] in Bucharest!

Da4 7 Back, and check out! )rans#er to airport! SaC good'Ce to the Creatures o# the Bight and the land o# Dracula! Bid all Cour ne< kindred spirits and #riends a #ond #are<ell! BC the <aC, i# Cou <ere smitten and 'itten 'C a local vampCric villager or #ello< traveler, Cou maC opt to #lC 'ack to -merica on Cour o<n!

Bi8lio-ra,ie Ca$acu, 9atei, Dracula, Bucuresti, Coresi, ;??7! 9ro*t, Brian J! !he Monster with a !housand "aces# $uises of the %ampire in M&th and 'iterature, Fniv! o# 6isconsin "ress, 1>7>! :artle4,JohnJ 0_Sullivan,)imJ Saunders, DannCJ 9ontgomerC, 9artinJ Fiske, John, (oncepte fundamentale din stiintele comunicarii si studiile culturale, Iasi, "olirom, ;??1! Nac)8ar, Jack, Eause, =evin .eds!/, Popular (ulture. )n Introductor& !e*t, Bo<ling 5reen, State Fniv! "opular "ress, 1>>;! <<<!cartoonsstock!com <<<!colum'iacitC'allet!com <<<!dractours!com <<<!draculapark!ro <<<!#ace'ook!com <<<!gamespot!com <<<!imd'!com <<<!lCricsmode!com <<<!t<itter!com <<<!<ikipedia!org <<<!Coutu'e!com