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Documente Cultură
STUDIU DE CAZ
Indicatori de lichiditate
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Managementul riscurilor bancare
pozitia lichiditatii simpla este pozitiva, deoarece pentru acoperirea pasivelor banca trebuie s
gseasc resurse suplimentare.
31 decembrie an N
Perioada rmas pn la scaden Pozitia lichiditatii
Active Pasive
RON RON
RON
D 1 luna 2,687,828,153 6,395,816,365 3,707,988,212
D 3 luni 1,146,500,305 1,479,440,709 332,940,405
3 luni < D 1 an 3,516,832,152 1,030,317,303 -2,486,514,849
1 an < D 5 ani 2,700,235,410 829,445,535 -1,870,789,875
D > 5 ani 1,614,464,263 1,930,840,370 316,376,107
31 decembrie N+1
Perioada rmas Pozitia lichiditatii Variaie N+1
pn la scaden Active Pasive vs. N
RON RON
RON
D 1 luna 4,832,739,617 10,789,022,883 5,956,283,266 60.63%
D 3 luni 1,740,100,845 2,142,534,256 402,433,411 20.87%
3 luni < D 1 an 3,639,550,117 2,040,060,686 -1,599,489,431 -35.67%
1 an < D 5 ani 5,844,835,165 1,838,627,085 -4,006,208,080 114.15%
D > 5 ani 3,164,060,291 2,411,041,125 -753,019,166 -338.01%
Variaie N+2
31 decembrie N+2
vs. N+1
Perioada rmas
Pozitia lichiditatii
pn la scaden Active Pasive
RON RON
RON
Analiznd tabelele de mai sus se poate observa c Banca are un dezechilibru intre
resurse si plasamente in sensul unor scadente descoperite pe passive in special pe
teremene scurte, cel mai mare inregistrandu-se la prima banda de scadenta.
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Managementul riscurilor bancare
31 decembrie N
Pozitia lichiditatii
Perioada rmas cumulate
pn la scaden Active cumulate Pasive cumulate
(pasive - active
RON RON
cumulate)
RON
D 1 luna 2,687,828,153 6,395,816,365 3,707,988,212
1 luna < D 3 luni 3,834,328,458 7,875,257,075 4,040,928,617
3 luni < D 1 an 7,351,160,609 8,905,574,377 1,554,413,768
1 an < D 5 ani 10,051,396,019 9,735,019,912 -316,376,107
D > 5 ani 11,665,860,283 11,665,860,283 -
31 decembrie N+1
Pozitia
Perioada rmas lichiditatii Variatie
Active
pn la scaden Pasive cumulate cumulate N+1 vs. N
cumulate
RON (pasive - active
RON
cumulate)
RON
D 1 luna 4,832,739,617 10,789,022,883 5,956,283,266 60.63%
1 luna < D 3 luni 6,572,840,462 12,931,557,139 6,358,716,677 57.36%
3 luni < D 1 an 10,212,390,579 14,971,617,825 4,759,227,246 206.18%
1 an < D 5 ani 16,057,225,744 16,810,244,910 753,019,166 -338.01%
D > 5 ani 19,221,286,035 19,221,286,035 - -
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Managementul riscurilor bancare
Pozitia
lichiditatii
Active cumulate
Pasive cumulate cumulate
RON (pasive - active
RON
cumulate)
RON
D 1 luna 9,091,231,250 13,315,658,124 4,224,426,874 -29.08%
1 luna < D 3 luni 10,260,583,985 15,577,899,692 5,317,315,707 -16.38%
3 luni < D 1 an 15,594,512,857 18,514,523,468 2,920,010,610 -38.65%
1 an < D 5 ani 22,545,495,680 25,017,505,370 2,472,009,690 228.28%
D > 5 ani 28,026,217,886 28,026,217,886 - -
3. Indicele lichiditii
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Managementul riscurilor bancare
31 decembrie N
Perioada rmas Active Pasive
pn la scaden Active Pasive Pondere
ponderate ponderate
RON RON (ani)
RON RON
D 1 luna 2,687,828,153 6,395,816,365 0.04 110,458,691 262,841,768
1 luna < D 3 luni 1,146,500,305 1,479,440,709 0.17 191,083,384 246,573,452
3 luni < D 1 an 3,516,832,152 1,030,317,303 1.00 3,516,832,152 1,030,317,303
1 an < D 5 ani 2,700,235,410 829,445,535 5.00 13,501,177,050 4,147,227,674
D > 5 ani 1,614,464,263 1,930,840,370 7.50 12,108,481,973 14,481,302,778
Total 11,665,860,283 11,665,860,283 - 29,428,033,250 20,168,262,974
31 decembrie N+1
Perioada rmas Active Pasive
pn la scaden Active Pasive Pondere
ponderate ponderate
RON RON (ani)
RON RON
D 1 luna 4,832,739,617 10,789,022,883 0.04 198,605,738 443,384,502
1 luna < D 3 luni 1,740,100,845 2,142,534,256 0.17 290,016,808 357,089,043
3 luni < D 1 an 3,639,550,117 2,040,060,686 1.00 3,639,550,117 2,040,060,686
1 an < D 5 ani 5,844,835,165 1,838,627,085 5.00 29,224,175,825 9,193,135,425
D > 5 ani 3,164,060,291 2,411,041,125 7.50 23,730,452,180 18,082,808,438
Total 19,221,286,035 19,221,286,035 - 57,082,800,668 30,116,478,094
31 decembrie N+2
Perioada rmas Active Pasive
pn la scaden Active Pasive Pondere
ponderate ponderate
RON RON (ani)
RON RON
D 1 luna 9,091,231,250 13,315,658,124 0.04 373,612,243 547,218,827
1 luna < D 3 luni 1,169,352,735 2,262,241,568 0.17 194,892,122 377,040,261
3 luni < D 1 an 5,333,928,873 2,936,623,776 1.00 5,333,928,873 2,936,623,776
1 an < D 5 ani 6,950,982,823 6,502,981,902 5.00 34,754,914,113 32,514,909,512
D > 5 ani 5,480,722,206 3,008,712,515 7.50 41,105,416,541 22,565,343,866
Total 28,026,217,886 28,026,217,886 - 81,762,763,892 58,941,136,242
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Managementul riscurilor bancare
31 decembrie N
Perioada rmas Pasive
pn la scaden Active Pasive Pondere Active ponderate
ponderate
RON RON (ani) RON
RON
D 1 luna 2,687,828,153 6,395,816,365 1 2,687,828,153 6,395,816,365
1 luna < D 3 luni 1,146,500,305 1,479,440,709 2 2,293,000,610 2,958,881,419
3 luni < D 1 an 3,516,832,152 1,030,317,303 3 10,550,496,455 3,090,951,908
1 an < D 5 ani 2,700,235,410 829,445,535 4 10,800,941,640 3,317,782,139
D > 5 ani 1,614,464,263 1,930,840,370 5 8,072,321,316 9,654,201,852
Total 11,665,860,283 11,665,860,283 - 34,404,588,173 25,417,633,683
31 decembrie N+1
Perioada rmas Active Pasive
pn la scaden Active Pasive Pondere
ponderate ponderate
RON RON (ani)
RON RON
D 1 luna 4,832,739,617 10,789,022,883 1 4,832,739,617 10,789,022,883
1 luna < D 3 luni 1,740,100,845 2,142,534,256 2 3,480,201,691 4,285,068,512
3 luni < D 1 an 3,639,550,117 2,040,060,686 3 10,918,650,351 6,120,182,057
1 an < D 5 ani 5,844,835,165 1,838,627,085 4 23,379,340,660 7,354,508,340
D > 5 ani 3,164,060,291 2,411,041,125 5 15,820,301,453 12,055,205,625
Total 19,221,286,035 19,221,286,035 - 58,431,233,772 40,603,987,418
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Managementul riscurilor bancare
Active Pasive
Active Pasive Pondere
pn la scaden ponderate ponderate
RON RON (ani)
RON RON
D 1 luna 9,091,231,250 13,315,658,124 1 9,091,231,250 13,315,658,124
1 luna < D 3 luni 1,169,352,735 2,262,241,568 2 2,338,705,469 4,524,483,136
3 luni < D 1 an 5,333,928,873 2,936,623,776 3 16,001,786,618 8,809,871,327
1 an < D 5 ani 6,950,982,823 6,502,981,902 4 27,803,931,290 26,011,927,610
D > 5 ani 5,480,722,206 3,008,712,515 5 27,403,611,028 15,043,562,577
Total 28,026,217,886 28,026,217,886 - 82,639,265,655 67,705,502,774
Interpretnd valorile indicelui de lichiditate dup cea de-a doua modalitate de calcul
se observ c rezultatele sunt n linie cu cele obinute prin prima metod. Insa aceatsa
metoda prezinta situatia ca fiind un pic mai stabile. Banca trebuie s-si finanteze
plasamentele pe termen ling cu resurse pe termen scurt, situatie evidentiata ca fiind riscanta
(situaie reflectat i de pasivele nete simple aa cum am vzut n rndurile de mai sus).
4. Rata lichiditii
Rata lichiditii bancare (lichiditatea global) este un indicator relativ care exprim, n
procente, evoluia gradului de ndatorare a bncii fa de piaa monetar. Rata lichiditii se
calculeaz periodic, n funcie de scadena acestor operaii de mprumut, prin raportarea
mprumuturilor nou contractate la mprumuturile scadente n aceeai perioad.
n principiu, pe msur ce rata lichiditii crete dependena bncii fa de piaa
monetar creste, banca se indatoreaza mai mult, dar isi asigura lichiditatea
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Managementul riscurilor bancare
Este un indicator lesne de calculat chiar i de ctre cei din afara bncii, pe baza
bilanului publicat de societile bancare pe aciuni. Acest indicator se mai numete i
lichiditatea imediat sau de trezorerie i reflect posibilitatea elementelor patrimoniale de
trezorerie (numerar, cont curent la BNR) de a face fa datoriilor pe termen scurt. Astfel,
valoarea acestuia se determin relativ, prin raportarea valorii agregate a activelor lichide la
valoarea depozitelor la vedere, la un moment dat.
N 18.58
N+1 39.66
N+2 25.67
Valoarea optim a acestui indicator este de 15%, dar variaz n funcie de gradul de
dezvoltare a pieelor financiare secundare i de volatilitatea depozitelor la vedere. n
Romnia, valoarea lui ar trebui s fie mai mare, date fiind condiiile financiare i aa reflect
i indicatorii calculai pe baza datelor financiare ale Bancii .
Indicatorul poate avea o semnificaie diferit i n funcie de filozofia managerial care
se afl la baza gestiunii lichiditii bncii: aceeai valoare a indicatorului poate semnifica risc
de lichiditate semnificativ la o banc cu filozofie conservatoare i o poziie de risc cu totul
normal la o banc cu o filozofie mai agresiv.
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Managementul riscurilor bancare
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