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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Diana Deleanu
Alergiile – în viziune literară
1921
Kern a recunoscut legatura dintre praf si
astm si rinita
Exista dovezi puternice ca “aceasta
mica creatura” produce astm si rinita
ACARIENII
1967 Spieksma si Voohorst (in Olanda) - au aratat ca Der p este sursa majora de
alergen
clasa ARACHNIDA
Nu au ochi,
Nu musca
Lungime: 0.4 mm si
latime 0.25–0.32 mm .
Acarienii
Iubesc:
• Caldura
• Umiditatea
• Scuame de piele umana
• Covoarele
• Tapiteriile moi
• Draperiile
Exemple
Acarieni Gindaci
• Beneficii:
– Cele mai eficiente medicamente anti-inflamatorii (rinita,
astm, dermatite).
– Nu au efect imediat (necesita citeva ore).
• Beclometazona (Becotide)
• Fluticazona (Flixotide)
• Budesonide (Pulmicort)
• Mometazona (Asmanex)
• Ciclosonide (Alvesco)
• Combinatii: Fluticazona + Salmeterol (Seretide)
Budesonide + Formoterol (Symbicort)
Blocanti ai calcineurinei
• Terapii topice, imunosupresive
• Dermatita atopica
• A doua linie terapeutica
• Efect preventiv: previn eritem la utilizare proactiva
(de doua ori/sapt in zonele de risc)
• Tacrolimus (FK506) (Protopic) – copii > 2 ani
• Pimecrolimus (SDZ ASM 981) (Elidel) – copii > 2 ani
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
1. Pimecrolimus cream 1%
(≥ 2 yr) (Elidel)
– mild to moderate AD.
Diana Deleanu
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie
Iuliu Hatieganu, Clinica Medicala 3
Cluj-Napoca
DEFINITIE
• Imunoterapia cu alergen este administrarea
gradata, crescatoare de cantitati de vacin cu
alergen, la un subiect alergic, cu atingerea
dozei ce este eficienta in ameliorarea
simptomelor asociate expunerii la alergenul
cauzator al sensibilizarii.
Therapy of allergic reactions
Inhalt
Alergenii
• Veninul de insecte (hymenoptere)
• Polenuri (iarba, mesteacan, buruieni)
• Praf de casa
• Animale (pisica, ciine etc)
• Mucegaiuri
• Alimente
Alergeni cu valoare dovedita in studii
controlate dublu orb
Polenuri
Pisica
Praful de casa
Putine date
(incurajatoare) pentru
ciine si mucegaiuri
Administration subcutanata a ITS
ITS Ne-Injectabila sau Locala - 1
Diana Deleanu
UMF Iuliu Hatieganu
IRGH-Alergologie
1. Existenta unui mecanism
mediat IgE
• Demonstrat – Anamnestic (expunere –
simptome)
• Demonstrat – prezenta IgE specifice
◊ Testare cutanata
◊ Dozarea IgE specifice
◊ Teste de provocare
Bolile alergice
• Rinita
• Conjunctivita
• Astmul cu rinita
• Astmul alergic
• Alergiile la veninuri de insecte
• Alergiile alimentare (Imunoterapia
orala cu aliment)
• Dermatita atopica ?
IMUNOTERAPIA IN RINITA
Severe
Moderate Rhinitis &
Mild Rhinitis & Conj
Rhinitis & Conj
Conj
Pharmacotherapy
IMMUNOTHERAPY
The Official Journal of the British
Society for Allergy & Clinical
Immunology
Comparison of Various Approaches
to the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Sneezing Discharge Itch Congestion Side effects
Antihistamines
traditional (A) +++ +++ +++ + +++
Nonsedating
(NSA) +++ ++ +++ + – to +
Azelastine +++ ++ +++ + – to +
Decongestants – + – +++ ++
NSA +
decongestants +++ +++ +++ +++ ++
Leukotriene antag.* + to ++ + to ++ + to ++ ++ – to +
Cromolyn ++ + + + –
Nasal CCS (NCS) +++ +++ +++ +++ +
NSA + NCS ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +
Immunotherapy +++ +++ +++ +++ + to ++
* = Presumed; no data on individual symptoms Nayak AS, et al. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.
2002;88:592-600. ++++ = Strongly positive effect; + = Minimal effect
Eficacitatea SLIT in rinita alergica
la copii de 4 - 18 ani
Meta-analysis a RCT
Penagos M., Compalati E., Tarantini F.,Baena Cagnani R.,
Huerta Lopez J., Passalacqua G.,
& Canonica G.W.
Effect Size
Effect Size
6 0
Po l l e n
3
4 0 Co u n t / m
2 0
8 0
6 0
4 0
Sy m p t o m s
2 0
0
3 1 3 7 11 24 1 8 22 96 2 63 2 1 36 10 2 3 17 2 1 85 2 52 1 1 25 19 2 2 16 2 0 74 2 41
M A Y M A Y J U N E
M A Y J U N E J U L
I T 7I Ty r 4 y r / P l a c e Ib T
o - n
3 a iy vr e ( h
f ar y
o mf e v1 e9 r
SCIT SLIT
10
8
Pufuri – media/zi
6 SIT
Control
4
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
• Complianta scazuta.
• Astm Sever, sau necontrolat de farmacoterapie
(FEV1< 70%).
• Copii sub 5 ani (subcutanata) si 3 ani (sublinguala)
(relative )contraindication).
Contraindicatiile ITS
35 SLIT +
drugs
60
No More SLIT
pts
25 only
drugs
0 5 ANI 10
Long-Lasting Efficacy of SLIT: Children with Asthma
DiRienzo et al Clin.Exp.Allergy. 2003
0.001 No asthma
0.001
n Asthma
40 NS 0.001 0.001
4
30
2 1 1
20 31 32
31
24
23 24
10
17
4 3
SLIT CTRL SLIT CTRL SLIT CTRL
BASELINE END SLIT 10 YEARS
Imunoterapia Specifica previne aparitia
astm la copiii cu rinita alergica
(studiul PAT)
No asthma
%
60 Asthma
205 copii cu rinita
40
32 varsta: 6-14 ani
Alergie polen iaarba si
19 mesteacan
3 ani ITS
SIT CONTROL
Moller C et al, JACI 2002
Efecte secundare ale ITS
Decese
Perioada
• 1945-1984: 46 decese
Perioada
• 1985-1989: 17 decese
Grad II 23 33 36
Grad III 5 0 1
Grad IV 1 0 0
Stacie M. Jones, MD, A. Wesley Burks, MD, Christophe Dupont, MD . State of the art on food allergen immunotherapy: Oral, sublingual, and
epicutaneous Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and ConditionsJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 133,
318-323DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1040
Cu ce sa se faca?
• Alergeni naturali sau pregatiti termic
• Se amesteca alimentul ce contine alergenul cu un
vehicul
• Se inghite in doze progresiv crescinde.
• Alergeni modificati
La ce alimente
• Lapte de vaca
• Ou
• Arahide
• Alune
• Griu
Protocol OIT
Robert A. Wood, MD Food allergen immunotherapy: Current status and prospects for the futureJournal of Allergy
and Clinical Immunology Volume 137, Issue 4, Pages 973-982 (April 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01
Peanut OIT Blinded Study
Design
Meet criteria for
assessing tolerance
Maintenance
Off OIT
4000 mg 1 mo
Dose Escalation
1 peanut = 300 mg
Jones
2010 et al. ‐AAAAI
Peanut OIT – Blinded Study
*
*
*
* P=.008 * P=.001
TNF
• Anticorpii anti TNF:
- infliximab= RemicadeR;
- adalimumab=HumiraR;
- certolizumab =CimziaR;
- golimumab=SimponiR
• Proteina de fuziune antireceptor TNF:
- etarnecept = EnbrelR)
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-
controlled study of TNF-α blockade in
severe persistent asthma
9
97
100
85
8
31% vs 16% had no EX
79 7
80
No. of subjects
69
6
58 Mepolizumab
60 5
47
5557
49
4
40 34 44
40 3
25 36
33
27 2
20 14
21
4 1
13
3 7
0 0
Start of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
treatment
Month No. of exacerbations
60 60
50 50
Sputum Eosinophils
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
2 2
0 0
V1 V4 W/Ex V12 V1 V4 W/Ex V12
Mepolizumab Placebo
Reduce
The release
B lymphocyte of mediators
Inflammation:
eosinophil and
e-switch Mediators lymphocyte
Anti-IgE Plasmocyte
MoAb
Allergens
Release Allergy Symptoms
of IgE
Reduce
Binds to free high
IgE, reduce affinity
IgE for binding receptors
on mast cells Reduce exacerbation
And
symptoms
Mast cells
Basophil
Barnes PJ. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2000;123:196-204.
Medline search
140
120
100 articles
80 asthma
rhinitis
60 Churg-Strauss
ABPA
40
Urticaria
20
0
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Rezumat
• Evitarea alergenului
• Farmacoterapia (AH1, cromone, modificatori
de leucotriene, corticoterapie)
• Inducerea tolerantei (imunoterapie specifica
cu alergen: sc, SLIT, orala)
• Terapii biologice