Prezentare realizata in cadrul proiectului POS CCE A2-O 2.1.2-2009-2 ID.

524, cod SMIS-CSMR 11986 CERCETARI PRIVIND SEMNIFICATIA RELATIEI DINTRE RASPUNSUL GENOMIC, METABOLISMUL FENOLPROPANILOR SI FOTOSINTEZA IN CONDITII DE STRES ABIOTIC PENTRU OPTIMIZAREA POTENTIALULUI BIOSINTETIC LA SOIURI DE ZMEUR SI MUR

(Lawlor, 2002)

Ozone Recunoasterea stresului Temperaturi extreme Transducerea semnalului

inundatii

seceta Activarea unor procese fiziologice saruri Alterarea metabolismului celular

2

Seceta include urmatoarele conditii: Deficit hidric al soplului , este cauzat de lipsa precipitatiilor si lipsa apei disponibile in sol. Deficit hidric al aerului , RH<20% in atmosferatranspiratia>>absorbtia apei

Potentialul hidric al tesuturilor:

Pressure Chamber Technique Thermocouple Psychrometer Method

Mic: cell ~-0.5 MPa Moderate: cell ~-0.5 to -1.5 MPa Sever: cell ~<-1.5 MPa
R=

Continutul relativ de apa:

Mic: ~90% Moderat: 80-60% Sever: <50% Supraviatuire cell of -11.5 MPa

( FW DW ) ( SW DW )

Activitate fotosintetica 5.0 to -8.0 MPa

Creosote Bush: Larrea tridentata

Saguaro
Stress abiotic

aclimatizarea

Mojave desert star

Rezistenta - evitare - toleranta

Mojave desert star

Impatiens capensis

SLA (specific leaf area) Suprafata foliara/ substanta uscata Desertice (xeric): 0.02 - 0.12 Paduri uscate: 0.36 - 0.70 Mezofite: 1.4 -1.6

Dissected leaves in Palo Verde

GR - growth rate P turgor Y - yield threshold (the pressure below which the cell wall resists nonreversible deformation) m - wall extensibility (the responsiveness of the wall to pressure)

Raporta sistem radicular/parte aeriana: Paduri temparate: ~0.25 savana ~0.3 0.4 desert~0.6-0.9

Micoriza creste volumul radicular

Tipul salbatic si mutante ABA-deficient de porumb cultivate in conditii normale si deficitare de apa
8

of growth

Leaves of young cotton plants abscise in response to water stress

cADPR cyclic ADP-ribose

ROS reactive oxygen species R Receptor

IP3 inositol triphosphate NO Nitric oxide PA Phosphopatidic acid

PLC phospholipase D

S1P Spingosine-1Phosphate PLC phospholipase C

10

Efectul deficitului hidric asupra cresterii frunzelor si a ratei fotsintezei la floarea soarelui

11

Relative effects of water stress on photosynthesis and translocation in sorghum

Plants exposed to 14CO2 for a short time interval. Radioactivity fixed in the leaf taken as a measure of photosynthesis, and loss of radioactivity after removal of 14CO2 taken as a 12 measure of rate of assimilate translocation.

A =gs ( Ca-Ci) A =gm (Ci-Cc)

14

O2 O2

SOD

H2O2

3P680* 3O 1O * 2

SOD Superoxide Dismutase

15

Chl chlorophyll 1Chl* excited singlet chlorophyll 3Chl* excited triplet chlorophyll

Demmig-Adams & Adams III 2000 Nature 403: 371

P photochemistry (green) D safe dissipation of excess excitation energy as heat (red) F fluorescence 3T triplet pathway, leading to the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2*) and photo-oxidative damage 16

17

Enzymes
1) SODsuperoxide dismutase) 2) POD (AscorbatPeroxidase) 3) CAT (Catalase)

Oxidants
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

carotene Vit E Vit C GSH phenolics