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Vitamine Liposolubile
Vitamine Liposolubile
VITAMINE
LIPOSOLUBILE
VITAMINE
LIPOSOLUBILE
• Vitamina A si β–carotenii
• Vitamina D – Hormonul D
• Vitamina E
• Vitamina K
HIDROSOLUBILE
• Acid ascorbic- vitamina C
• Tiamina- vitamina B1
• Riboflavina- Vitamina B2
• Niacina- vitamina B3-PP
• Acid Pantotenic- vitamina B5
• Biotina
• Piridoxina-vitamina B6
• Cobalamina-vitamina B12
• Acid folic -vitamina B9
Monahan K, Escott-Stump S. The Nutrients and their metabolism in Krause’s Food and Nutrition therapy, Elsevier 2007
Bender D. The Vitamins in Gibney M,Lanham-New SA, Cassidy A, Vorster HH. Introduction to Human Nutrition, Wiley
Blackwell,2009
Vitamine liposolubile
Vitamina A
Conform nomenclaturii internationale de chimie-
vitamina A+derivatii sai=RETINOIZI
DAR!!! Nu face distinctia intre produsii naturali si cei sintetici
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina A
3 forme cu activitate metabolica
- retinol
- retinal/retinaldehida
- acid retinoic
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina A
• Mentinerea vederii optime
• Acidul retinoic actioneaza ca hormon- modeleaza expresia
genica
• Diferentiere celulara
• Implicata in sinteza de glicoproteine –cu rol in recunoasterea
intercelulara
• Crestere si dezvoltare
• Functii imune
• reproductie
Monahan K, Escott-Stump S. The Nutrients and their metabolism in Krause’s Food and Nutrition therapy, Elsevier 2007
Vitamina A: Surse si necesar zilnic
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina A: riscuri
Bender DA. The Vitamins in Gibney MJ, Lanham-New SA, Cassidy A, Vorster HH. Introduction to Human Nutrition Second Edition. John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 2009
Vitamina A: riscuri
• Deficitele de vitamina A- importanta crescuta
Deficite primare -aport insuficient (alimentatie
predominant vegetariana)
Deficite secundare - in malabsorbtia secundara
aportului insuficient de grasimi,
insuficienta biliara,
pancreatica, boli hepatice,
malnutritie proteica, deficit de
zinc
Monahan K, Escott-Stump S. The Nutrients and their metabolism in Krause’s Food and Nutrition therapy, Elsevier 2007
Vitamina A: riscuri
Deficitele de vitamina
orbire
tulburari ale dezvoltarii embrionare
avorturi spontane
tulburari ale spermatogenezei
hipercheratoza
risc de infectii- frecvent respiratorii
Carotenoizii
• Origine in plante
• Carotenoizi- Exista mai multe tipuri diferite (sute) in plante- doar
40 au activitate provitaminica A
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
β Carotenii
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
β Carotenii
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina D-calciferol
• PRECURSORI DE VITAMINA D- DEHIDROCOLESTEROL- sterol de origine
animala- sub influenta radiatiilor UV – se
formeaza colecalciferol sau vitamina D3
- ERGOSTREOL sterol din plante- sub
influenta radiatiilor UV – se formeaza
ergocalciferol sau vitamina D2
- D2 si D3 au aceeasi activitate vitaminica
- Exista si forme sintetice de vitamina D- folosite in
tratamentele tulburarilor homeostaziei calcemice
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina D
• Rata de absorbtie-50%
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Monahan K, Escott-Stump S. The Nutrients and their metabolism in Krause’s Food and Nutrition therapy, Elsevier 2007
Vitamina D- surse
• Surse naturale- limitate
• Ficat de peste- continut crescut de vitamina D
• Ulei de peste- folosit cu succes in preventia si
tratamentul deficitelor de vitamina D
peste cu cel mai mare continut- hering, cod
• Lapte de vaca- neglijabil, dar creste odata cu
continutul in grasimi -Frisca, branza, iaurt, margarina,
unt, oua
• ciuperci
• Lapte de mama- cantitati reduse
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina D- aport necesar
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina D-exces si deficit
• supradozaj→ hipercalcemie –voma si ameteli.
→ in timp nefrocalcinoza.
La adulti –efecte toxice la aport de 500– 1000 μg
vitamina D/zi
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina E- metabolism
• Cuprinde doua clase de substante biologic active
- α-tocopherol
- tocotrienoli
Monahan K, Escott-Stump S. The Nutrients and their metabolism in Krause’s Food and Nutrition therapy, Elsevier 2007
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina E- roluri, surse
• Roluri- α-tocoferolul-intra in structurile lipidice
membranar- si are efect ANTIOXIDANT- protectie
a membranelor lipidice si a depozitelor lipidice
impotriva peroxidarii
• Este scavenger al radicalilor liberi- reduce radicalii
liberi in metaboliti fara efecte nocive prin donarea de
H+
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina E- roluri, surse
• Surse- exclusiv din plante
• seminte de plante- si uleiurile lor.
• α-tocoferol
• γ-tocoferoli Formele cele mai frecvente forme
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina K
Bender DA. The Vitamins in Gibney MJ, Lanham-New SA, Cassidy A, Vorster HH. Introduction to Human Nutrition Second Edition. John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 2009
Vitamina K-metabolism
Biesalski HK, Grimm P, The Nutrients in Pocket Atlas of Nutrition, 2006 Thieme
Vitamina K-roluri
1. rol in coagulare- utilizat ca tratament
- Factori inactivi ai coagularii sintetizati in ficat si activati de
catre γ-glutamil carboxilaza- vitamina K=cofactor
- Factorii Coagularii II, VII, IX, si X, inhibitorii coagularii
proteinele C si S, eliberati in sange se fixeaza pe membranele
fosfolipidice
Bender DA. The Vitamins in Gibney MJ, Lanham-New SA, Cassidy A, Vorster HH. Introduction to Human Nutrition Second Edition. John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 2009