COALA NAIONAL DE STUDII POLITICE I ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINA: INTRODUCERE N ECONOMIE & POLITICI ECONOMICE SUBIECTE EXAMEN SESIUNEA FEBRUARIE,

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LECIE INTRODUCTIV .ag/ 01231

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ENUN Cum ajunge o curb (funcie ! "e graficu# rec$angu#ar! % ref#ec$e gra&u# ma'im &e core#aie (n$re )ariabi#e#e economice (e'ogen *i! re%"ec$i)! en&ogen + E'em"#u, c-n& e%$e ofer$a! %au cererea! core#a$ ce# mai %$r-n% cu ni)e#u# "reu#ui + Ce &i%$inge curba rec$i#inie! fa &e cea non2rec$i#inie! (n ma$eria core#aiei &in$re mrimi#e economice + Re#aia &in$re &ou mrimi economice %e reg%e*$e %ub forma unei ecuaii #iniare! %au &e gra&e#e &oi! $rei! e$c/!&u" "u$erea ma'im #a care reg%im )ariabi#a e'ogen/ Ce re"re6in$ coeficien$u# #iber (ne(n%oin& e'ogena ' ! (n re#aia e'ogen2en&ogen + Cum )aria6 "ro&ucia "e $ermen %cur$ #a cre*$erea *i #a &iminuarea "ro&uc$i)i$ii margina#e + Care e%$e ra"or$u# i"o%$a$ic a# "ro&uc$i)i$ii margina#e cu "ro&uc$i)i$a$ea me&ie (&e "referin! e'"#icai grafic Care e%$e con$e'$u# (n care "ro&ucia "e $ermen %cur$ ajunge % %ca&! o&a$ cu cre*$erea angajri#or + Cre*$erea angajri#or are #oc (n con&iii#e a$-$ a#e cre*$erii! c-$ *i a#e re&ucerii %a#arii#or &e angajare/ Care e%$e e'"#icaia unei a%$fe# &e &iferene + Ce e%$e curba i6ocuan$ + Dar curba i6oco%$ + Cum in$er"re$ai economic c curbe#e i6ocuan$e (i6o2 "ro&ucie %un$ "erfec$ "ara#e#e (nu %e (n$re$aie + Imaginm &ou c-m"uri &e curbe i6ocuan$e, "rimu# conine i6ocuan$e >i"erbo#ice! ce##a#$ i6ocuan$e rec$angu#are/ Care e%$e &iferena &e %emnificaie (n$re ce#e &ou %i$uaii + In&icai ra"or$uri#e i"o%$a$ice a#e curbei i6oco%$ fa &e curba i6ocuan$ (i6o2"ro&ucie / O curb i6oco%$ %e &e"#a%ea6 c$re &rea"$a! re%"ec$i) c$re %$-nga/ Noua curb e%$e! re%"ec$i) nu e%$e "ara#e# cu cea &in$-i/ Cum e'"#icm *i cum &ifereniem %emnificaii#e ace%$or %i$uaii + Eficien *i ineficien .are$o #a (n$-#nirea i6ocuan$2 i6oco%$/ E'"#icai/

LECI7 I .RODUCI7 8I 97CTORII DE .RODUCIE

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Lecii#e! "aginaia *i a"#icaii#e &e %eminar %e reg%e%c (n, Li)iu C/ 7n&rei, Economie,E&iia a &oua/ E&i$ura Economic! ?ucure*$i! 4;11 (154 "ag/ @ fr ca%e$e in$erioare *i %$u&ii &e ca6/

1: 10 11 LECI7 II CERERE7 DE CONAUB (8I UTILIT7TE7 .ag/ 1552100 1= 4; 41 44 45 4: 40 1< 13

Cum %e con%$ruie*$e curba &e e'"an%iune a "ro&uciei eficien$e + De c-$e fe#uri e%$e ran&amen$u# #a %car + Care e%$e e'"#icaia com"#e$ a &iferenierii ran&amen$e#or #a %car + 7r$ai inf#uena )ariaiei "reuri#or fac$ori#or &e "ro&ucie a%u"ra curbei i6oco%$/ E'"#icai &inamica curbei cererii, &e c-$e fe#uri e%$e *i care %un$ mrimi#e care )aria6 (n fiecare %i$uaie (n "ar$e + Imaginai &ou curbe a#e cererii "e un grafic/ Care e%$e curba &e e#a%$ici$a$e mai mare + E'"#icai/ E'"#icai %i$uaii#e e#a%$ici$i#or cererii *i ofer$ei! con%i&era$e e'$reme/ Cum )aria6 e#a%$ici$a$ea cererii &e2a #ungu# unei curbe #iniare a cererii + Care e%$e ra"or$u# (n$re e#a%$ici$a$ea cererii *i )a#oarea $o$a# ceru$! "e "ia + Ce e%$e %ur"#u%u# con%uma$oru#ui *i care e%$e %emnificaia ace%$ui conce"$ + ?unuri con%i&era$e C%"ecia#eC (n ma$eria cererii! re%"ec$i) a ofer$ei/ E'"#icai/ Curba cererii in$er%ec$ea6 a'a "reu#ui! (n &re"$u# )a#orii &e cinci%u$e uni$i mone$are/ E'"#icai/ Enunai ce#e &ou "o%$u#a$e margina#i%$e a%u"ra $eoriei u$i#i$ii/ Dar &iferena &e g-n&ire &in %-nu# curen$u#ui margina#i%$ + Definii curba &e in&iferen! (n con%um/ Ce e%$e #inia2buge$ + Cum %e (n$-#ne*$e acea%$a cu curba &e in&iferen! (n con%um + Curba ofer$ei in$er%ec$ea6 a'a "reu#ui (n &re"$u# )a#orii &e cinci uni$i mone$are/ E'"#icai com"or$amen$u# ofer$ani#or/ .reu# bunu#ui cre*$e mai re"e&e &ec-$ ofer$a (can$i$a$ea oferi$ / E'"#icai grafic *i e'em"#ificai cau6a#i$a$ea unei a%$fe# &e %i$uaii/ Cre*$erea "reu#ui bunu#ui C'C &e$ermin %ur"#u%u# con%uma$oru#ui! re%"ec$i) "e ce# a# "ro&uc$oru#ui %/// (crea%c %au % %ca& / E'"#icai/ Cunoa*$ei efec$e#e &e%c>i&erii "ieei c$re im"or$uri a%u"ra con%uma$ori#or *i ofer$ani#or au$o>$oni + Ce e%$e mo&e#u# CCobEebC! &e reec>i#ibrare cerere2 ofer$ + Ce fac$ori fa)ori6ea6 refacerea ec>i#ibru#ui cerere2ofer$ + 7r$ai carac$eri%$ici#e cererii *i ofer$ei &e na$ur % refac ec>i#ibru# cerere2ofer$/
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LECI7 IV ECONOBI7 ?UNATRII .ag/ 1302411

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Ra$a margina# &e %ub%$i$uie a fac$ori#or! (n "ro&ucie! e%$e/// Ra$a margina# &e %ub%$i$uie a bunuri#or! (n con%um! e%$eF E'"#icai *i "en$ru con&iii#e eficienei &e $i" .are$o/ Ra$a margina# &e $ran%formare! (n$re "ro&ucii! e%$eF E'"#icai *i "en$ru con&iii#e eficienei &e $i" .are$o/

5< 53 5= :; :1 .ag/41=241< :4 :5 :: :0 :1 :< :3 LECI7 VI INTRODUCERE JN B7CROECONOBIE .ag/ 41=2430 01 := 0; Definii *i e'"#icai curba C#imi$ei (fron$ierei "ro&ucii#orC Eficiena .are$o 22 "ar$e a bun%$rii 22 (n economie! e%$e rea#i6a$ a$unci c-n&, (1 ///G (4 ///G (5 ///G (: /// Curba CLoren6C *i coeficienii Hinni/ E'"#icai/ Care e%$e ra"or$u# co%$u#ui margina# (CBH cu ce#e#a#$e co%$uri me&ii + Cum e)o#uea6 Co%$u# 9i' Be&iu (C9B fa &e ni)e#u# "ro&uciei firmei (I + Economii! &e6economii *i ran&amen$ #a %car/ E'"#icai/ CLegea ma'imi6rii "rofi$u#uiC firmei, enun *i &emon%$raie grafic/ Cum e%$e )eni$u# me&iu (VB a# firmei! fa &e )eni$u# margina#(VBH ! (n concurena "erfec$ *i (n concurena im"erfec$ + Curba ofer$ei! (n con&iii &e mono"o#! $in&e c$reF+ E'"#icai/ Care e%$e ra"or$u# (n$re cre*$erea "ro&uciei *i cre*$erea )eni$u#ui $o$a#! (n concurena "erfec$ *i (n concurena im"erfec$ + Ce %e (n$-m"# cu %ur"#u%u# con%uma$oru#ui (n con&iii &e mono"o# + O firm (n "o6iia &e mono"o# "oa$e! $o$u*i! re&uce "reu# &e )-n6are %ub ni)e#u# ce#ui concurenia#/ E'"#icai/ Enunai obiec$i)e#e %$u&iu#ui macroeconomiei *i! re%"ec$i)! "o#i$icii macroeconomice/ Enunai *i e'"#icai %umar C#egea ofer$ei crea$oare &e cerere "ro"rieC (K/?/AaL / Jn conce"ia Bacromo&e#u#ui MeLne%! ec>i#ibru# e'$ern (comercia# &e"in&e &e rea#i6area macro2ec>i#ibre#or F + I&en$ificai2#e/ Ce e%$e cererea agrega$ + .e $ermen %cur$! economii#e (A re&uc )eni$u# naiona# (N ! iar "e $ermen #ung cre%c ni)e#u# ace%$uia/ E'"#icai/
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LECI7 V BICROECONOBIE/ TEORI7 9IRBEI

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P"*. ")0+$"1++ =52=: 1452141 1:=2101 1<021<3 41; '

P"*. r2&)%,&%r+ 0:520:3 0:=2000 0002003 003201: 01:2013 '