IERARHIA CONSTITUENILOR N GRUPUL NOMINAL CAMELIA STAN

Grupul nominal, n recenta Gramatic academic a limbii romne (GALR II: 74), este definit ca fiind !artea c"m!"nent a en#n$#%#i, "r&ani'at n (#r#% #n#i termen n"mina% (s#)stanti*, !r"n#me sa# n#mera% s#)stit#t a% s#)stanti*#%#i) +i a%ct#it din n"mina%#% c# r"% de centr# +i din e%emente%e direct de!endente sintactic de acesta,St#dii%e efect#ate as#!ra &r#!#%#i n"mina%, din !ers!ecti* &enerati*, a# intr"d#s ideea f#ndamenta% c, n str#ct#ri%e c"m!%e.e, n# t"ate c"m!"nente%e se ra!"rtea' sintactic %a centr#% &r#!#%#i, n m"d direct- /escrierea se )a'ea', astfe%, !e distinc$ia dintre grupul nominal propriu-zis (n#mit +i minimal sa# strict) +i grupul nominal extins (*-, ntre a%te%e, Cin0#e 12213 MG/ I). Gr#!#% n"mina% c"m!%e. are, a+adar, " structur int!rn "! tip i!rar#ic$ /e asemenea, din !ers!ecti* &enerati*, a f"st !#s n e*iden$ i%omor&ismul dintre &r#!#% n"mina% +i !r"!"'i$ie, s#) as!ect#% !rinci!ii%"r de "r&ani'are sintactic (*-, de e.-, Ri(45"ff 1221: 116)Mi7am !r"!#s ca, n ce%e ce #rmea', s re*in as#!ra str#ct#rii interne a &r#!#%#i n"mina% r"m8nesc (a+a c#m este !re'entat n GALR II: 74 9:;), n#an$8nd ")ser*a$ii%e referit"are %a !"'i$ia sintactic +i, im!%icit, %a stat#t#% ierar5ic !e care di*er+i c"nstit#en$i %e a# n ra!"rt c# centr#%- <r a intra n deta%ii%e acestei !r")%ematici, care face ")iect#% #nei )i)%i"&rafii e.trem de *aste, m *"i %imita %a c"nsidera$ii care s c"nt#re'e " sc5em f"arte &enera% a str#ct#rii &r#!#%#i n"mina% r"m8nesc- ="i a*ea n *edere d"ar &r#!#% n"mina% ti!ic, adic !e ce% s#)stanti*a%, (a% cr#i centr# este #n s#)stanti* c"m#n)'$ GRUPUL NOMINAL MINIMAL Gr#!#% n"mina% minima% (GN) c"nstit#ie #n s#)d"meni# a% &r#!#%#i n"mina% e.tins +i inc%#de ")%i&at"ri# s#)stanti*#%>n#me%e (N) centr# sintactic a% &r#!#%#i, a+a c#m este re!re'entat n (?a), #ti%i'8nd f"rma%i'area c%asic (cf- C5"ms4@ ?:A1), +i n (1a), ntr7" f"rma%i'are sim!%ificat, minima%ist (cf- Ri''i 122;: 12:): (?) a- BGN---N---C )- Citete BGN romaneC (1) a- BNC )- Citete BN romaneCDn &r#!#% n"mina% minima%, n#me%e centr# !"ate fi ns"$it de c"nstit#en$i, care sta)i%esc c# acesta #n ra!"rt sintactic (#ne"ri +i semantic) f"arte str8ns- C"nstit#en$ii de!enden$i sintactic !"t a*ea stat#t de m"dificat"r restricti* (*- infra '$') sa# de c"m!%ement, a% n#me%#i centr# ('$()'$'$ Mo"i&icatorul r!stricti) Modificatorul n#mit restrictiv se define+te !rin r"%#% s# semantic de a m"difica referin$a, n#me%#i (E"%in&er ?:;7), n sens#% restr8n&erii ei- M"dificat"r#% !artici! astfe%, m!re#n c# n#me%e, %a den"ta$ia &r#!#%#i n"mina%, care c"nstit#ie, ca ansam)%#, " unitat! "!notati) $ S se c"m!are e.!resii%e n"mina%e romane +i romane poliiste:

(6) Citete BN romane poliisteCGr#!#% Bn#me F m"dificat"r restricti*C (roman poliist) e.!rim " categorie conceptual subordonat ce%ei e.!rimate !rin n#me ( roman)- Astfe%, ra!"rtat %a intensiunea n#me%#i (*- Carna! ?:47, !entr# distinc$ia semantic intensiune/extensiune), &r#!#% e.!rim " s#)cate&"rie c"nce!t#a% (des!re ni*e%#ri%e de cate&"ri'are +i ierar5ii%e c"nce!t#a%e, *- Ta@%"r B?::GC 1226: :49?2?3 Hn&erer>Sc5mid 122;: 7;9:1 +i )i)%i"&rafia)M"dificat"r#% restricti*? este, de ")icei, #n ad ectiv n#mit intensional (care "!erea' as#!ra intensi#nii n#me%#i), categorial (care indic " s#)cate&"rie c"nce!t#a%, *- GALR I ! ?46) sa# relaional (care se inter!retea' semantic ra!"rtat %a n#me, ca !arte a &r#!#%#i n"mina%, fiind de!endent c"nce!t#a% de n#me, *- Ga)rie%a Ian /inde%e&an n /SL, s-*- ad ectiv" *- +i Eartnin&>N"ai%%@ ?::6): ardei gras/iute, ciree pietroase, fin integral, mr ionatan (pdure etc-), prun brumrie, sfecl roie; cine ciobnesc; magazin stesc; uniform colar (an colar)3 rzboi civil etc- (*- +i /i."n 1224: ?291A3 Ia@ne>J#dd%est"n 1221: 444)3 ace%a+i r"% % !"t a*ea, c"nte.t#a%, +i #ne%e ad(ecti*e !r"*enite dintr7" c"n*ersi#ne: muguri dorminzi m#&#ri %aten$i, care se de'*"%t d#! ce !rimii m#&#ri ai !%antei a# f"st distr#+i de n&5e$,M"dificat"r#% restricti* !"ate a*ea di*erse a%te rea%i'ri f"rma%e: &r#! !re!"'i$i"na% care inc%#de #n n#me (coleg de coal) sa# #n s#!in (main de cusut)3 &eniti* sa# &r#! !re!"'i$i"na% c# de c*asiec5i*a%ent a% &eniti*#%#i, d#! s#)stanti*e as!ect#a%e ( miezul nopii, miez de noapte) sa# de sit#are s!a$ia% (#nceputul drumului, #nceput de drum; mi loc de codru) etcM"dificat"r#% restricti* este c!rut s!mantic de s#)stanti*, iar re%a$ia sintactic str8ns !e care " sta)i%e+te c# acesta este c"nsecin$a #nit$ii %"r semantice (den"tati*e)'$($ Compl!m!ntul C"nce!t#% &enerati* de c"m!%ement, (C5"ms4@ ?:A1: ?;19?72) difer !ar$ia% de ce% tradi$i"na%- C"m!%ement#% #n#i centr# sintactic este c"nstit#ent#% care sat#rea' *a%en$a sintactic (satisface dis!"ni)i%itatea c"m)inat"rie) s!ecific, definit"rie !entr# ace% centr#- Se%ectarea #n#i an#mit c"m!%ement este " !r"!rietate c"m)inat"rie inerent a termen#%#i centr#- C"m!%ement#% s#)cate&"ri'ea' termen#% centr#, adic % caracteri'ea' ca a!ar$innd #nei an#mite s#)cate&"rii (s#)c%ase) sintactice3 de e.em!%#, ")iect#% direct este c"m!%ement#% s!ecific, definit"ri# a% *er)e%"r tran'iti*e (s#)c%as sintactic de *er)e): acestea se definesc sintactic !rin !r"!rietatea de a se%ecta #n c"m!%ement ")iect direct- C"m!%ementarea (sat#rarea *a%en$ei sintactice !rin c"m)inarea c# #n c"m!%ement) este " !r"!rietate &enera% a an#mit"r ti!#ri %e.ic"7&ramatica%e de centri, c#m s#nt *er)e%e, ad(ecti*e%e sa# !re!"'i$ii%e/intre s#)stanti*e, s#nt c"nsiderate ca fiind c"m!ati)i%e c# c"m!%ementarea n#mai ce%e care c!r conc!ptual *i sintactic ar+um!nt!, a+adar +i !"t as"cia (semantic +i sintactic) ar&#mente, cr"ra %e atri)#ie r"%#ri tematice (*- +i E*e%ien Kei'er n MG/ I: ?21 9?2G)- /in aceast cate&"rie fac !arte, n s!ecia%, s#)stanti*e%e re%a$i"na%e, (care e.!rim re%a$ii de r#denie, s"cia%e etc- 9 frate$ tat" stpn), n"mina%i'ri%e *er)e%"r ( citire$ numire$ vnzare") +i a%e ad(ecti*e%"r (atenie) % n ra!"rt#ri sintactice ana%"&e c# c"m!%ementarea *er)#%#i, res!ecti* a ad(ecti*#%#i: (4) BN tatl copiilorC (I"ses"r) (G) este BN frate lui GheorgheC, BN frate cu GheorgheC (Tem3 *- inter!retarea r"%#%#i tematic, %a Stan 122G:1??91?1) (;) BN citirea crilorC, BN vnzare de locuineC (#nde c"m!%emente%e n#me%"r c"res!#nd c"m!%ement#%#i direct a% *er)e%"r, c# r"%#% Tem 9 citete crile$ vinde locuine) (7) BN BN distribuirea de a utoareC sinistrailorC (#nde c"m!%ement#% n#me%#i c"res!#nde c"m!%ement#%#i indirect a% *er)#%#i, c# r"%#% /estinatar 9 distribuie sinistrailor) (A) BN atenie la detaliiC (#nde c"m!%ement#% n#me%#i c"res!#nde c"m!%ement#%#i !re!"'i$i"na% a% ad(ecti*#%#i, c# r"%#% Tem>Lint 9 atent la detalii)-

Dn disc#$ia de fa$, n# interesea' "ri&inea sinta&me%"r (crea$ii interne sa# ca%c#ri), ci d"ar fa!t#% c s#nt ana%i'a)i%e (sintactic +i %"&ic"7semantic) n r"m8n-

/e ti! s!ecia% s#nt c"m!%emente%e n"nar&#menta%e, care a# stat#t de !redicate semantice- E%e s#nt se%ectate de n"mina%i'ri%e (*- +i Stan 1226: ?649?6G) an#mit"r *er)e +i c"res!#nd c"m!%ement#%#i !redicati* a% ")iect#%#i (:) (*- c"nce!t#% %a Ga)rie%a Ian /inde%e&an n GALR II: 1:;), mai rar n#me%#i !redicati* sa# c"m!%ement#%#i, c"!#%ei (?2): (:) numirea lui director (cf- #l numesc director) (?2) devenirea &perei 'omne instituie de stat (cf- &pera devine instituie de stat)C"m!%ement#% n#me%#i se rea%i'ea' f"rma% !rin: &eniti* 9 (4) copiilor, (;) crilor ad(ecti* !"sesi* (fratele su) dati* % (G) lui G(eorg(e$ (7) sinistrailor dati* !"sesi* c%itic, ata+at n#me%#i (fratele-i) n"minati* 9 (?2) instituie f"rm ca'#a% nemarcat 9 (:) director &r#! !re!"'i$i"na%, inc%#'8nd #n n#me 9 (;) de locuine$ (A) la detalii 9 sa# #n *er) (#ndrzneala de a ntreba) 7 !r"!"'i$ie c"n(#nc$i"na% (afirmaia c..., dorina s..., #ndoiala dac...) 7 !r"!"'i$ie inter"&ati*7re%ati* (#ntrebarea cnd ai s vii) sa# (mai rar) re%ati* (fratele cui s a mutat n apartamentul de alturi)C"m!%ement#% este c!rut sintactic de centr# (n s!e$ de n#me), fiind mai str8ns %e&at f"rma% de acesta dec8t m"dificat"r#% restricti* (*- supra '$')7 7 7 7 7 7 7 ($ GRUPUL NOMINAL E,TINS Gr#!#% n"mina% minima% !"ate fi e.tins !rin c"m)inarea acest#ia c# di*er+i c"nstit#en$i sintactici, a*8nd stat#t de determinant (*- infra ($'), de c#antificat"r (($(), de m"dificat"r n"nrestricti* (($-) sa# e.!rim8nd " re%a$ie de !"sesie n"nc"m!%eti*, ( ($.)($'$ /!t!rminantul /eterminant#% (/) se define+te !rin f#nc$ia sa s!ecific, semantic"7!ra&matic, de referen$ia%i'are a s#)stanti*#%#i: e% as"cia' s#)stanti*#%#i " c%as de referen$i- /eterminan$ii s#nt artic"%#% definit>nedefinit (romanul, un roman) +i a%$i termeni, care !"t s#!%ini a)sen$a artic"%#%#i, nde!%inind " f#nc$ie simi%ar c# a acest#ia 9 ad(ecti*e%e dem"nstrati*e ( acest roman), ad(ecti*e%e !"sesi*e c%itice (frate-su), ad(ecti*e%e inter"&ati*e de ti!#% care (care roman)) etc- (*- c%asa determinan$i%"r n#me%#i, n %im)a r"m8n, %a =a%eria G#$# R"ma%" n GALR I: 479G7)- S se c"m!are: (??) *+altagul, este roman (n#me nedeterminat, inter!reta)i% intensi"na%, ca !redicat semantic, e.!resie a c"nce!t#%#i r"man,, im!%ic8nd !r"!riet$i s!ecifice de c"nstr#c$ie narati* etc-) (?1) Citete romanul 0un roman, acest roman poliist 1 (n#me determinat, inter!reta)i% e.tensi"na%, ca ar&#ment semantic, e.!resie a #nei c%ase de referen$i3 n#me%e se refer %a #n ")iect care cade s#), c"nce!t#% r"man,)/eterminan$ii s#nt " cate&"rie sintactic de ti! f#nc$i"na%, (instr#mente sintactic"7 semantice)- /eterminan$ii &enerea' !r"iec$ii f#nc$i"na%e (adic &r#!#ri sintactice, a% cr"r centr# este determinant#% ns#+i) +i se%ectea' dre!t c"m!%ement #n &r#! n"mina% (*-, ntre a%$ii, A)ne@ ?:A7, =a%"is ?::?3 *-, mai recent, Ad&er 1221: 12291?;3 Cin0#e 1221): (?6) a- B/ un BN romanCC )- B/ acest BN roman poliistCC-

Simiar este str#ct#ra sintactic !r"f#nd (?4a) a &r#!#%#i n"mina% determinat definit (?4)), !rin as"ciere c# artic"%#% 5"tr8t 9 e%ement afi.a% ata+at n enc%i' (C"rni%esc# ?::G: 1663 cf- Gi#sti 1221: A?3 Gi#sti 122G: 6:): (?4) a- B/ l BN roman(u)CC )- B/ B/ BN roman(u)C B/ lCC BN tCC (M romanul) 9 #nde t n"tea' #rma, n"mina%#%#i (roman), care a f"st de!%asat n fa$a determinant#%#i -l !entr# rea%i'area enc%i'ei acest#iaDn c"nte.te%e n care n#me%e, de+i determinat, este n"nreferen$ia% (nea*8nd as"ciat !res#!"'i$ia c referent#% e.ist, cf- /iesin& ?::2: :69:;), determinant#% !"ate fi c"nsiderat s!ecificat"r#%, n#me%#i, +i n# centr#% #nei !r"iec$ii sintactice !r"!rii (cf- Ri''i 122;: 12:)- Astfe%, determinant#% +i n#me%e !e care % determin f"rmea' m!re#n n# #n &r#! a% determinant#%#i (/), ci #n &r#! n"mina% (N): (?G) BN B/ unC BN romanCC este o oper narativ (&r#! n"mina% n"nreferen$ia%, c# *a%"are &eneric)($($ Cuanti&icatorul C#antificat"r#% (C#ant) &r#!#%#i n"mina% se define+te, ca "!erat"r, !rin f#nc$ia sa semantic de s!ecificare cantitati* a referent#%#i &r#!#%#i n"mina%- C#antificat"rii &r#!#%#i n"mina% s#nt ad(ecti*e%e n#mera%e de diferite ti!#ri (N#m) +i a%$i termeni care nde!%inesc " f#nc$ie simi%ar (GALR II: A?9A6, A79A:): (?;) dou 0cte trei, ambele, multe, cteva1 romane. C#antificat"rii a# f"st inter!reta$i ca fiind " s#)c%as a determinan$i%"r ( ($'2 *- " disc#$ie critic as#!ra di*erse%"r !#ncte de *edete referit"are %a f#nc$ia referen$ia% a c#antificat"ri%"r, %a /iesin& ?::2: :69:;, Nam!are%%i 1222: 16G 91A73 *- +i GALR I: 4A)- St#dii%e em!irice a# !#s ns n e*iden$, !e de " !arte, !"si)i%itatea ca, n di*erse %im)i, c#antificat"rii s fie c""c#ren$i c# determinan$ii n"ncantitati*i, n ace%a+i c"nte.t, iar, !e de a%t !arte, f#nc$ia diferit a c#antificat"ri%"r c"m!arati* c# cea a determinan$i%"r- /e aceea, n #ne%e re!re'entri, c#antificat"rii "c#! !"'i$ii sintactice !r"!rii, distincte de !"'i$ia determinan$i%"r, fiind centri ai #n"r !r"iec$ii (&r#!#ri) sintactice !r"!rii (*-, mai recent, E*e%ien Kei'er n MG/ I: ?63 C"rni%esc# 122;, c# referire %a %im)a r"m8n)Ca +i determinan$ii, c#antificat"rii se%ectea' dre!t c"m!%ement #n &r#! n"mina%: (?7) BN#m dou BN romaneCCGr#!#% determinant#%#i (/) +i &r#!#% n#mera%#%#i (N#m) sa# a% a%t#i c#antificat"r (C#ant) s#nt ierar5i'ate sintactic- Gr#!#% determinant#%#i este s#!eri"r ierar5ic, n ms#ra n care este mai e.tins, inc%#'8nd &r#!#% n#mera%#%#i sa# a% c#antificat"r#%#i (cf- E*e%ien Kei'er n MG/ I: :, ?6): (?A) B/ BN#m>C#ant BNCCCOrdinea ierar5ic +i "rdinea %inear, de s#ccesi#ne, a c"nstit#en$i%"r !"t c"incide, #ne"ri (*Cin0#e 122; +i )i)%i"&rafia): (?:) B/ aceste BN#m dou BN romaneCCCAna%"& determinant#%#i (?G), +i c#antificat"r#% !"ate fi c"nsiderat s!ecificat"r#%, n#me%#i, +i n# centr#% #nei !r"iec$ii sintactice !r"!rii, n c"nte.te%e n care n#me%e c#antificat este n"nreferen$ia% (cf- Ri''i 122;: 12:): (12) Citete BN BC#ant multeC BN romaneCC-

($-$ Mo"i&icatorul nonr!stricti) M"dificat"r#% e.teri"r &r#!#%#i n"mina% minima% se define+te !rin r"%#% s# semantic de a m"difica referent#%, n#me%#i (E"%in&er ?:;7), de a7% descrie sa# de a7% identifica !rintr7" ns#+ire a %#i- M"dificat"r#% n"nrestricti* are valoare extensional (!ri*e+te e.tensi#nea s#)stanti*#%#i)Dn !"'i$ie sintactic de m"dificat"r n"nrestricti* !"t a!rea ad(ecti*e (inc%#si* !artici!ia%e) extensionale>ca%ificati*e (om bun, om deschis) (*- +i Rie&e% ?::63 Ri(45"ff 1221: ?229?4G), dar +i diferite a%te ti!#ri f"rma%e de c"nstit#en$i- S!re de"se)ire de m"dificat"rii !%asa$i n interi"r#% &r#!#%#i n"mina% minima%, care a# " str#ct#r, n &enera%, sim!% (*- supra '$'), cei e.teri"ri a# #ne"ri str#ct#r c"m!%e. (cf- Ia@ne>J#dd%est"n 1221: 44G), fiind: 7 &r#!#ri c# !re!"'i$ii *ariate, inc%#'8nd n#me (casa din vale) sa# ad*er)e (casa de acolo) 7 !r"!"'i$ii re%ati*e (mere care au costat mult) 7 &r#!#ri &er#n'ia%e (lista cuprinznd semnturile) 7 c"nstr#c$ii *er)a%e sa# !r"!"'i$i"na%e care !reci'ea' referent#% c"nte.t#a% a% #ni n#me a)stract, !rec#m idee$ fapt (ideea de a ncerca ceva nou, faptul c ncerci) etc/e asemenea, !"t fi inter!retate ca m"dificat"ri n"nrestricti*i ad*er)e%e fr !re!"'i$ie 9 n c"nstr#c$ii%e n"mina%i'ate, c"res!#n't"r ad(#nc$i%"r circ#mstan$ia%i din &r#!#% *er)a% sa# ad(ecti*a% (sosirea ieri, degrab; prezena aici)M"dificat"r#% n"nrestricti* s! raport!a% sintactic *i s!mantic la +rupul nominal minimal, ca ansam3lu$ E% se ra!"rtea' sintactic d"ar indirect %a centr#% s#)stanti*a% a% &r#!#%#i n"mina%, fiind, astfe%, mai s%a) %e&at de centr#: (1?) BN roman poliistC prost, ie!tin etc($.$ Pos!si)ul C"nstit#en$ii care e.!rim, n &r#!#% n"mina%, #n raport de posesie n"nc"m!%eti*, (sa# a%t ra!"rt s#)s#mat semantic !"sesiei,) n# s#nt cer#$i c"nce!t#a% de centr#% s#)stanti*a% a% &r#!#%#i (!entr# c"m!%ement#% !"sesi* a% n#me%"r, *- supra '$()- I"sesi*e%e !"t fi se%ectate de "rice s#)stanti*, act#a%i'8nd " "isponi3ilitat! com3inatori! +!n!ral a num!lor$ Ti!#ri%e f"rma%e de !"sesi*e (Nic#%esc# 122A: 4G9?4?) n"nc"m!%eti*e s#nt *ariate: 7 &eniti*#% c# r"% tematic I"ses"r (casa mamei, casa lui) 7 c"nstr#c$ii%e !re!"'i$i"na%e (c*asi)ec5i*a%ente semantic c# &eniti*#% 9 casa a doi btrni, (ne%iterar) roc(ia la !eti (M roc(ia fetiei), (fami%iar) acoperiul de la cas (M acoperiul casei) 7 ad(ecti*#% !"sesi* (casa mea) 7 dati*#% !"sesi* c%itic, ata+at n#me%#i (casa-mi)I"sesi*e%e n"nc"m!%eti*e !"t fi c"nsiderate un tip sp!cial "! mo"i&icatori sintactici ai n#me%#i (cf- Ia@ne>J#dd%est"n 1221: 4443 Ri(45"ff 1221: ?:4)-$ CONSI/ERAII 4INALE Or+ani%ar!a i!rar#ic a &r#!#%#i n"mina% are, !r")a)i%, caract!r uni)!rsal$ Or"in!a lin!ar a constitu!n5ilor &r#!#%#i, !6tin"!r!a cat!+oriilor +i ni)!lul sintactic la car! s! mani&!st anumit! &unc5ii *aria' de %a " %im) %a a%ta +i, #ne"ri, de %a " eta! %a a%ta, n e*"%#$ia ace%eia+i %im)i, n s!e$, n e*"%#$ia %im)ii r"m8ne (!entr# di*erse as!ecte a%e acestei *aria$ii, *- Stan 1227, 122A a9))-

7I7LIOGRA4IE A)ne@, S-, ?:A7, -(e .nglis( /oun 0(rase in 1ts 2entential 3spect$ Cam)rid&e, Mass-, MIT /issertati"nAd&er, /-, 1221, Core 24ntax! 3 Minimalist 3pproac($ ms-, Bf-%-CEartnin&, I-, M- N"ai%%@, ?::6, /# re%ati"nne% a# 0#a%ificatif: f%#. et ref%#.,, n 56information grammaticale$ GA ((#in), !- 17961-

E"%in&er, /-, ?:;7, Ad(ecti*es in En&%is5: Attri)#ti"n and Iredicati"n,, n 5ingua$ ?A (?), !- ?964Carna!, R-, ?:47, Meaning and /ecessit4$ C5ica&", HIC5"ms4@, N-, ?:A1, 5ectures on Government and +inding. -(e 0isa 5ectures$ sec"nd editi"n, /"rdrec5t>Cinnamins"n, <"risCin0#e, G- (ed-), 1221, 7unctional 2tructure in 80 and 10. -(e Cartograp(4 of 24ntactic 2tructures$ I, O.f"rd, HICin0#e, G-, 122;, T5e <#ndamenta% %eft7Ri&5t As@mmetr@ "f Nat#ra% Lan&#a&es,, ms-, Hni*ersitP di =ene'iaC"ene, M-, L- Tasm"Qs4i (c""rd-), 122G, &n 2pace and -ime in 5anguage$ BC%#(7Na!"caC, C%#si#mC"rni%esc#, A-, ?::G, Concept of Modern Grammar$ BE#c#re+tiC, Edit#ra Hni*ersit$ii E#c#re+tiC"rni%esc#, A-, 122;, La !eriferia &r#!#%#i n"mina%,, ms-, Hni*ersitatea din E#c#re+ti/iesin&, M-, ?::2, -(e 24ntactic 'oots of 2emantic 0artition$ /"ct"ra% /iss-, Hni*ersit@ "f Massac5#setts/i."n, R- M- R-, 1224, Ad(ecti*e C%asses in T@!"%"&ica% Iers!ecti*e,, n /i."n>Ai45en*a%d (eds-), 1224, !- ?9 4:/i."n, R- M- R-, A- S- Ai45en*a%d (eds-), 1224, 3d ective Classes! 3 Cross-5inguistic -4polog4$ O.f"rd, HI: /SL 9 A- Eid#7=rncean#, C- C%ra+#, L- I"nesc#7R#.nd"i#, M- Manca+, G- Ian /inde%e&an, 8icionar de tiine ale limbii$ BE#c#re+tiC, Nemira, 122G Bed- I, 122?CGALR 9 Academia R"m8n, Instit#t#% de Lin&*istic I"r&# I"rdan 9 A%- R"setti,, Gramatica limbii romne (c""rd- =a%eria G#$# R"ma%")$ I9II, tira( re*i'#it, E#c#re+ti, Edit#ra Academiei R"m8ne, 122A B!rim#% tira(: 122GCGi#sti, G-, 1221, T5e <#ncti"na% Str#ct#re "f N"#n I5rases,, n Cin0#e, 1221, !- G49:2Gi#sti,G-, 122G, At t5e Left Ieri!5er@ "f t5e R"manian N"#n I5rase,, n C"ene>Tasm"Qs4i (c""rd-), 122G, !1694:J#dd%est"n, R-, G- K- I#%%#m (eds-), 1221, -(e Cambridge Grammar of t(e .nglis( 5anguage$ I, Cam)rid&e, HILa#danna, A-, M- ="&5era (a c#ra di), 122;, 1l linguaggio. 2trutture linguistic(e e processi cognitivi$ BR"ma, EariC, Edit"ri Later'aMG/ 9 J- Er"e45#is, E- Kei'er (eds-), Modern Grammar of 8utc(. &ccasional 0apers$ 4, Ti%)#r&, =an Riemsdi(4 T Er"e45#is, 1226Nic#%esc#, /-, 122A, Mi loace lingvistice de exprimare a posesiei #n limba romn$ BE#c#re+tiC, Edit#ra Hni*ersit$ii din E#c#re+tiIa@ne, U-, R- J#dd%est"n, 1221, N"#ns and N"#n I5rases,, n J#dd%est"n>I#%%#m (eds-), 1221, !- 6169G14Ian /inde%e&an, G- (c""rd-), 1227, 5imba romn % stadiul actual al cercetrii$ BE#c#re+tiV, Edit#ra Hni*ersit$ii din E#c#re+tiIan /inde%e&an, G- (c""rd-), 122A, 5imba romn % dinamica limbii$ dinamica interpretrii$ BE#c#re+tiC, Edit#ra Hni*ersit$ii din E#c#re+tiRi(45"ff, U-, 1221, -(e /oun 0(rase$ O.f"rd, HIRie&e%, M-, ?::6, Grammaire et rWfWrence: P !r"!"s d# stat#t sWmanti0#e de %Xad(ectif 0#a%ificatif,, n 56information grammaticale$ GA ((#in), !- G9?2Ri''i, L-, 122;, Sintassi: %e str#tt#re,, n La#danna>="&5era (a c#ra di), 122;, !- 12G911:Stan, C-, 1226, Gramatica numelor de aciune din limba romn$ E#c#re+ti, Edit#ra Hni*ersit$ii din E#c#re+tiStan, C-, 122G, Categoria cazului$ E#c#re+ti, Edit#ra Hni*ersit$ii din E#c#re+tiStan, C-, 1227, Artic"%#% nite,, n Ian /inde%e&an (c""rd-), 1227, !- ?::912GStan, C-, 122Aa, Gr#!#% n"mina% n %im)a r"m8n *ec5e 9 f#nc$ii%e sintactic"7semantice a%e ad(ecti*e%"r,, n SCL, LIY, ?, !- 11:916GStan, C-, 122A), Gr#!#% n"mina% r"m8nesc (as!ecte diacr"nice),, n Ian /inde%e&an (c""rd-), 122A, !- 16:9 146Ta@%"r, U- R-, B?::GC 1226, 5a categorizzazione linguistica. 1 prototipi nella teoria del linguaggio$ trad- it- di Stefania Giannini, BMacerataC, Scien'e de% %in&#a&&i">Z#"d%i)et Bed- "ri&-, 5inguistic Categorization! 0rotot4pes in 5inguistic -(eor4$ O.f"rd, C%arend"n, ?::GCHn&erer, <-, J-7U- Sc5mid, 122;, 3n 1ntroduction to Cognitive 5inguistics$ sec"nd editi"n, Jar%"Q---, Iears"n L"n&man Bed- I: ?::;C=a%"is, /-, ?::?, 1nternal 24ntax of 80$ /"ct"ra% /issertati"n, HCLANam!are%%i, R-, 1222, 5a4ers in t(e 8eterminer 0(rase$ ms-, re*ised ed-, Hni*ersit@ "f R"c5ester-