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Toate
individual
diferenieaz
otrav
de
un
Efect
terapeutic
Doze crescande
Efect
toxic
asupra organismului
Reprezentarea grafic a procentului de rspuns n funcie de doza
response
region of
homeostasis
deficiency
toxicity
dose
/ 1 kg masa corporal
/ masa corporal global
100
% rspuns
80
60
40
DE
DT
NOAEL LOAEL
DL
20
NOAEL: no observed adverse effect level
0
(nivelul la care nu se observ efecte adverse)
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10 10 10 10 10 10
doz (mg/kg)
GRADUL DE
TOXICITATE
Extrem de toxice
Foarte toxice
Moderat toxice
Slab toxice
Practic netoxice
Relativ fr toxicitate
1-50
50-500
EXEMPLE
Alcaloizi
Organofosforice
Organomercurice
Metale grele
500-5000
Aditivi alimentari
Fe, Ni
5000-15000
Arome alimentare
>15000
Substane
alimentare
DL50
IT =
DE50
Toxicitatea
cronicitate (FC):
DL50
FC =
DL50/90
n funcie de valoarea factorului de cronicitate (FC) exist:
substane cu caracter cumulativ - FC > 2
substane cu slab acumulare - FC < 2
DL50 MG/KG
MC
DL50-90 MG/KG MC
FC
Cafein
obolan
192
150
1.3
NaCl
obolan
3750
2690
1.4
Benzil penicilin
obolan
6700
4140
1.6
Parathion
obolan
3.6
3.5
1.03
Cianura de
potasiu
obolan
10.0
>250
<0.04
Iepure
588
78
7.5
Warfarina
obolan
1.6
0.077
20.8
Paraquat
obolan
110.0
20.5
5.4
COMPUS
Atropina
TOXICITATE
Uree
300mg/kg.m.c.
100mg/kg.m.c
3:1
Monensin
20mg/kg.m.c.
1mg/kg.m.c.
20:1
ABREVIEREA
ECHIVALENA
Megagram
1x106 grame
Kilogram
Kg
1x103 grame
Miligram
mg
1x10-3 grame
Microgram
1x10-6 grame
Nanogram
ng
1x10-9 grame
Picogram
pg
1x10-12 grame
Femtogram
fg
1x10-15 grame
analizele
chimice,
exprimrile
relative
ale