Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Eva MRZA
Universitatea 1 Decembrie 1918 din Alba Iulia, Centrul de Cercetri Istorice i Politologice
Iuliu Maniu
1st December 1918 University of Alba Iulia, Iuliu Maniu Historical and Politological
Research Center
Venice, France, and the Ancient Book Shop, 15th 19th Centuries
The study is interested in the historical importance of Venice in the development of the book shop in Europe, and mainly
in France, from the 15th century onward. The city of Venice benefitted from the highly specific relations it had with the Byzantium,
in the very context when the interest in the Greek Antiquity was progressively developping in the countries of Western Europe
(Italy, France, Germanic countries, England). The phenomenon, which had a political dimension quite significant for the 16th
century, is nevertheless more and more oriented towards bibliophily and the systems of biblioteconimical classification.
Keywords: history of European civilization, book civilization in the 15th 19th centuries, bibliophily, pressa md printing
houses, book sellers
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Dans le mme temps, la conjoncture du grec change Naples), mais plus de cinq cents en 1550. Leur catalogue
profondment en Occident.
est alors dress par Ange Vgce avec laide de
Constantin Palocappa7. Christian Frstel a montr
2) la conjoncture du grec
combien laffirmation de la monarchie tait lie, en
La conjoncture de lhumanisme parisien devient en France, la rfrence intellectuelle grecque, et surtout
effet de plus en plus favorable lorsque Franois de au rle de la place de Venise8. Le legs de la bibliothque
Valois monte sur le trne (1515), et paradoxalement de Bessarion (1472)9 et laffirmation de Venise comme
surtout aprs lchec de Pavie et des rves italiens. principale centre typographique dEurope, mais aussi la
Le nouveau roi a reu de sa mre Louise de Savoie une position de la Srnissime dans le monde mditerranen
ducation humaniste, et il cherche asseoir le et la prsence en ville de la plus forte communaut
changement de dynastie en suivant le modle italien et grecque dOccident, expliquent cet essor. Celui-ci est
en sappuyant sur la dimension culturelle de la fonction encore facilit par la crise que traversent les autres
politique: Denis lAropagyte, athnien et compagnon centres italiens, avec lexil temporaire des Mdicis et la
de laptre Paul, est prsent comme le premier vque dispersion de la cour de Florence, et avec lentre des
de Paris et assure le lien entre Athnes, la Grce et la Franais Naples (1495) et Milan (1499).
France, sans lintermdiaire italien. Lhumanisme
3) le temps des ambassadeurs
parisien deviendra ds lors national et franais, et
Nous sommes donc face une opration politique
lhellnisme, au cur du dispositif, retient toute
dont lobjet concerne dabord les manuscrits (et non pas
lattention du souverain.
Les humanistes parisiens attendent beaucoup du les imprims), et qui sappuie sur le rseau des agents
jeune roi. En 1529, Guillaume Bud publie des diplomatiques.
Ds 1503-1509, Janos Lascaris acquiert ou fait
Commentarii linguae graecae3, pour la deuxime dition
desquels seront gravs les Grecs du Roi 4. Dans la copier Venise des manuscrits destins au roi de France,
prface, en grec, il appelle la fondation dun mais cette activit prend une dimension nouvelle avec
tablissement denseignement qui appliquerait le larrive sur le trne de Franois Ier. Le choix des
programme des humanistes et dont le modle est celui ambassadeurs successifs Venise correspond un
projet qui articule culture et politique, en mme temps
du Muse dAlexandrie:
Vous nous avez dit que vous orneriez votre capitale de cet quil manifeste, comme la soulign Gilbert Gadoffre, le
tablissement qui doit tre pour toute la France une sorte de nouveau mode de slection des lites du royaume en
fonction de leur formation intellectuelle10 : la
Muse
Cet tablissement sera le Collge des trois langues, connaissance du grec et des livres en grec devient ici un
futur collge de France, dont les premiers lecteurs lment cl. Dans la pratique, lentreprise est conduite
royaux sont nomms en 1530, sous lautorit de par le Garde de la Librairie, qui mobilise cet effet le
Jacques Colin, lui-mme aumnier du roi, auquel rseau des agents diplomatiques reprsentant le roi
succdera Pierre du Chastel, ancien collaborateur Venise et en Orient, lesquels dpchent des envoys
drasme5. Aux chaires primitives (grec et hbreu) sont chargs dalimenter la Bibliothque. On imagine que les
progressivement ajouts le latin, la philosophie, les libraires et leurs proches proposent aussi deux-mmes
mathmatiques et la mdecine. En 1532, la Lettre de des pices quils pensent susceptibles dintresser leur
Gargantua Pantagruel, date dUtopie le 17 mars, puissant client. Le Corfiote Nicolas Sophianos, auteur
marque comme le triomphe des humanistes:
dune grammaire du grec moderne, travaille pour le roi
Les temps ntaient pas aussi opportuns ni commodes pour de France, tandis que lon copie Venise des
tudier les lettres quils le sont prsent (). Maintenant, toutes exemplaires de Bessarion, mais aussi de la bibliothque
les disciplines sont restitues, les langues instaures, le grec, sans Grimani S. Antonio di Castello (dont des manuscrits
lequel il est honteux quune personne se dise savante, lhbreu, le de Pic de la Mirandole), etc.
chalden, le latin. Tout le monde est plein de gens savants, de
Passons rapidement en revue la thorie des
prcepteurs trs doctes, de librairies [= bibliothques] trs amples ambassadeurs de Franois Ier auprs de la Srnissime.
(). Pour cette raison, mon fils, je te conjure demployer ta Jean des Pins (1516-1520) est lui-mme ancien tudiant
jeunesse bien profiter dans tes tudes et dans ta vertu (). Que Padoue et lve de Beroaldo lAncien Bologne, il a
ngoci pour le roi le Concordat de 1516, mais il sera
rien ne te sois inconnu (Pantagruel, chap. 8).
ct du Collge, ct du mcnat exerc envers aussi connu pour protger Etienne Dolet lors des
les auteurs, la Bibliothque du roi apparat comme un dmls de celui-ci Toulouse11. Venise, il travaille
lment cl de cette construction politique trs acqurir des livres pour la Bibliothque de son matre,
moderne6. Successivement confie Guillaume Bud, mais il se constitue aussi une collection personnelle
puis Pierre du Chastel, elle fait lobjet dun soin tout importante. Celle-ci le suit dabord son vch de
particulier dans le domaine des livres grecs: en 1518, Rieux, en Bretagne (1522-1537), mais elle entrera plus
elle ne compte que trente-sept manuscrits grecs (dont tard dans les collections de Fontainebleau. Son
une vingtaine provient de la bibliothque aragonaise de successeur, Franois Le Rouge (1521-1522), ne reste
3 >>>
seigneurs, et portant exclusivement sur les manuscrits, catalogue de cette vente, la Bibliographie instructive
va progressivement toucher aussi le monde de limprim. comptera sept volumes et un supplment en deux
volumes21, recensant au total 6140 titres classs
II BIBlIOPHIlIE ET RUDITION
systmatiquement selon le cadre dit des libraires de
partir du XVIe sicle en effet, et de plus en plus Paris . Le Supplment en deux volumes ajouts par
aux XVIIe et XVIIIe sicles, cest le paradigme de la Debure quelques annes plus tard correspond lui-mme
collection prive et de la bibliophilie qui lemporte. Pour au catalogue de la vente Gaignat autre bibliophile de
reprendre le vocabulaire bourdieusien, la collection premire importance. Louis-Jean Gaignatne possdait-il
rpond limpratif du capital financier les livres rares pas, entre autres trsors, lexemplaire sur vlin de la Bible
gardent leur valeur, voire ils en acquirent 42 lignes provenant des Chartreux de Mayence et
progressivement, du capital social la bibliothque achet lors de la vente, par Girardot de Prfonds, pass
raille par La Bruyre18 sera cense tre un lment de Justin Mac Carthy-Reagh (1744-1811) et enfin (1817)
distinction et du capital intellectuel il convient en la bibliothque de Thomas Grenville22 ? Ces
effet, pour chapper aux critiques de La Bruyre, de ne catalogues de Debure tablissent ainsi le canon de ce
collectionner quavec discernement, en fonction certes quil est lgitime ou non de collectionner:
Ds le dbut du [XVIIIe] sicle, grce la publication, au
de la forme, mais aussi du contenu des volumes. La
mutation du paradigme de la bibliothque prive peut succs et la renomme durable de catalogues de vente
tre date de manire presque emblmatique de la particulirement prestigieux et soigns (), non seulement se
premire publication par Gabriel Naud de son Advis fixent les rgles dune utilisation indite de ces documents, mais,
de surcrot, certains dentre eux revendiquent des qualits nouvelles,
pour dresser une bibliothque (1627)19.
dont celle dtre un livre part entire nest pas la plus
1) la bibliophilie prive, les catalogues et les ngligeable. Dabord contingents, par nature lis lvnement
ditions aldines
commercial, prcis et limit, quest la vente aux enchres, ils
Un critre est cet gard trs vite admis comme acquirent de ce fait une dure de vie et une pertinence qui excdent
opratoire: il sagit de la distinction de certains ateliers, leur contexte dlaboration (). Ils trouvent une place lgitime
dont les produits seront comme tels recherchs par les dans les bibliothques, et pour certains deviennent les rfrences et
collectionneurs. La bibliophilie prive est un les outils indispensables du travail bibliographique que toute
phnomne qui se dveloppe ds le XVIe sicle, mais collection srieuse impose23.
Parmi les sections spcifiques organisant les
qui sinstitutionnalise partir des annes 1600 : le
premier catalogue imprim pour une vente de livres que catalogues, certaines correspondent des catgories
nous connaissions est hollandais, et il est publi chronologiques : la plus importante sera celle des
loccasion dune vente de Louis Elzevier Leyde en incunables, distingue dabord dans les catalogues, avant
159920. Les premiers exemples franais datent des que de ltre sur les rayons des bibliothques
annes 1641 (vente du libraire Thomas Blaise) 1646 elles-mmes24. En 1795 Paris, Joseph Van Praet
(vente de Franois de Bassompierre). Cette constitue, partir dun certain nombre douvrages, dont
problmatique articulant lhistoire des ides et des textes les incunables, lamorce de la future Rserve de la
avec celle des supports (les livres) et des pratiques Bibliothque nationale (les ouvrages taient jusque-l
culturelles qui leur sont lies, est tout particulirement classs mthodiquement daprs le systme deNicolas
Clment). Mais la distinction sappuie le plus souvent
explore aujourdhui.
Les catalogues de vente sont trs gnralement sur le choix de provenances ditoriales prestigieuses:
classs selon une combinaison articulant topographie cet gard, les ditions aldines jouent un rle
(les formats) et systmatique, mais des sections particulirement remarquable.
Ce nest videmment pas le lieu ici de prsenter la
spcifiques vont peu peu y faire leur apparition. Par
ailleurs, ils se trouvent progressivement investis de personne ni le rle dAlde Manuce (1449-1515). Cet
fonctions qui ntaient initialement pas les leurs : le ancien prcepteur des enfants du prince de Carpi
catalogue de telle ou telle vente de grande bibliothque Alberto Pio vient Venise en 1490, et y fonde quatre
fera bientt office dusuel de rfrences, avant dtre ans plus tard un atelier typographique avec pour objectif
rinterprt et de servir tablir le canon des livres rares de publier les classiques grecs25. Il donnera quelque cent
quune bibliothque de renom se devra de possder. Le cinquante ditions pendant sa carrire, la marque
terme de cette logique sera atteint, en France, avec le typographique de lancre aldine, et runira partir
personnage de Guillaume Franois Debure (1732-1782), de 1500 un groupe de savants et dhumanistes, mais
libraire Paris quai des Augustins, limage saint aussi dartistes, organiss en Neacademia (la Nouvelle
Germain, et que ses connaissances font surnommer acadmie, dite Acadmie aldine)26. Celle-ci attire
le Bibliographe par ses confrres. Spcialis dans la dans la maison de SantAgostino les amis et les proches
librairie dantiquariat et dans les ventes aux enchres, il du libraire imprimeur, mais aussi les humanistes et
est charg de la dispersion de la bibliothque de Paul savants sjournant Venise, en vue de promouvoir la
Girardot de Prfond en 1757. Rdige sur la base du connaissance du grec, dassurer le cas chant un
5 >>>
2) Poliphile et Grolier
Le livre le plus clbre donn par Alde est son
Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, qui sort en 149934. Le texte,
attribu au moine Francesco Colonna (1433-1527), est
regard comme caractristique de lhumanisme vnitien
des annes 1500. Le caractre est lantiqua de Bembo et
lHypnerotomachia est illustre de cent soixante-douze
gravures en taille-douce, outre trente-huit initiales. Les
scnes font rfrence au monde de lAntiquit (par
lencadrement architectural), avec des personnages
symbolisant des vertus ou des ides, tandis que
lillustrateur pourrait faire partie des cercles de Mantegna
ou de Bellini. Linfluence du Poliphile est trs grande et
on sait, par exemple, que Drer lui-mme en possdait
un exemplaire, aujourdhui conserv Munich35.
Pourtant, louvrage ne connat pas le succs
immdiatement: il ne sera reconnu comme une pice
exceptionnelle par les amateurs fortuns dsireux
denrichir leur bibliothque que dans la premire moiti
du XVIe sicle, et le rle de Jean Grolier parat avoir t
dcisif dans ce processus. Rappelons que Grolier (vers
1489/1490-1565) descend de ngociants de Vrone
venus stablir Lyon, et que son pre tait
trsorier-gnral du duch de Milan de 1506 sa mort
(1509). Lui-mme fait plusieurs longs sjours en Italie
jusquen 1526, avant de poursuivre une carrire qui le
<<<
10
The aim of the Manuscriptorium digital library is to provide online access to works part of the written cultural
heritage dated before 1800, particularly to manuscripts and old books, as well as to other archival documents (historical
documents, administrative documents, maps, etc.). Manuscriptorium is the result of the collaboration between digital
content providers (libraries, archives) and administrators of digital platforms. Any cultural institution part of the libraries,
museums, and archives category which holds documents suitable to be integrated to the digital library and meets the
minimum technical requirements can become a partner of the project.
The National Library of Romania contributed to the Manuscriptorium/ENRICH project with 393 documents, of
which 109 (Romanian books) are part of the Special Collections based in Bucharest and the other 284 are part of the
Batthyaneum Branch in Alba Iulia. Through the Manuscriptorium digital library, Romanian documents and collections
can also be found in other European databases and digital libraries to which Manuscriptorium is an aggregator or digital
content contributor.
Keywords: digital libraries, digital content, special collections, manuscripts, old and rare books, online access
Introducere
iblioteca digital Manuscriptorium1
este una dintre sursele cele mai
cunoscute i mai utilizate de cri vechi,
rare sau documente istorice existente n spaiul virtual.
Proiectul Manuscriptorium, iniiat i coordonat de
Biblioteca Naional a Cehiei, i are originile n iniiativa
UNESCO Memory of the World din 1992. Republica
Ceh a participat n acest program cu proiectul
Memoriae Mundi Series Bohemica, ce a permis
identificarea i reprezentarea n context electronic a
crilor vechi. Experiena acumulat a fcut posibil
dezvoltarea ulterioar, ncepnd cu 2002, a proiectului
Manuscriptorium cu scopul de a crea o bibliotec
11 >>>
12
14
Note:
Bibliography:
15 >>>
The end of the 15th and the first half of the 16th century is one of the most dramatic periods in the slovak history; some
important and far reaching changes in the political, social, cultural and spiritual life happen in that time. Iohannes Zposk
(1487 1540) belongs to its most eminent personalities of high nobility who acts for very important causes. This hereditary
count of Spi/ Scepusium, district administrator of Spi and Trenn/ Trentschin and Transylvanian duke is favourite between
old Hungarian patriots, also thanks to his success in defending country against Otoman Turks and to the repression of
Das insurrection. His personal tragedy is that he opposes the powerful House of Habsburg; he is trying like them to get
the Ungarian throne. The emperor MaximilianIis amaster of propaganda and diplomacy and its easy for him to create a
very negative opinion about the person of Zposk not only in the Kingdom of Hungary but also abroad; the emperors
son FerdinandIof Habsburg continues to influence the public opinion against his rival. Theses circumstances increase
Zposks effort in the period after the battle of Mohcs when he intends to free the country from the Habsburgs power
and to rule it in an indipendent way as the Ungarian king the adversary Ungarian king of Ferdinand I.
But he collaborates con turkish sultan what is naturelly considered negatively by his contemporaries and successors.
He would deserve nevertheless, that his life and acts as well as the historical period in which he lived would revise as
awhole. First of all and especially because he was the only Ungarian king coming originally from slovak territory and
remained very close to it. The present contribution traces on the basis of chosen contemporaneous documents the
Zposks personality and key moments of his behaviour.
Keywords: high nobility, Scepusium, Trentschin, otoman turks, House of Habsburg, Emperor Maximilian
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16
18
20
22
<<<
24
Notes:
26
littrature:
The article deals with 16th century printed books located in Slovak libraries and presented in different volumes of
Generlny katalg tla 16. storoia zachovanch na Slovensku (Sixteenth century books preserved in the Slovakia). We focus our attention
on the 16th century prints related to Transylvania the ones that were published in Transylvanian printeries in
Cluj Napoca and in Braov, or the ones that have possessor relations to Transylvania. Among the already published 16th
century prints from the production of Johann Honter can be found works of Desiderius Erasmus and Phillip Melanchthon;
Hungarian authors are represented by a polemical work by Pter Laskai Cskas and an edition of the codification of
Transylvanian law by Matthias Fronius. Printery of Gspr Heltai in Cluj Napoca is represented by 10 publications. There
are editions of the Bible from 1562 and 1565 and Solomons book from 1552. From the literary work of Gspr Heltai we
have a historical treatise a chronicle and theological work Vigasztal knyvecske. Historical works are also represented by
Bonfinis Historia inclyti Matthiae Hunnyadi and a legal treatise by Verbci, Tripartitum. Among the 16th century prints of
Transylvanian origin can also be found works by Gyrgy Enyedi, Jnos Baranyai Decsi, and Gergely Molnr.
The next part of the article presents possessors related to Transylvania, especially Fabian Czingen, Stephanus Aroki
praesbyter Claudiopolitanus, Zsigmond Jsika, Johannes Liszti, Bernardinus Sigismundus, and also monastic libraries in
Transylvania, form which these books came to Slovakia.
Keywords: Sixteenth century books preserved in the Slovakia 16th century prints form Transylvanian
printeries Cluj-Napoca Braov Works published in these printeries Important book possessors
<<<
28
30
32
34
Bibliography:
On the Current State of Research into Chronograms and their Classification in Slovakia
Chronograms make use of a relatively simple mechanism of letters that also bear a numeral value. They are the
characteristic trait of alphabetized societies, the intellectual noblesse, virtuosity, inventive talent, the linguistic culture of
man, but also an esthetical decorative expression. In the context of history as a scientific endeavor they have an undisputed
force of expression concerning historic developments, the zeitgeist, the religion and the craftsmanship of the particular
society.
Keywords: Chronograms, Evolution, Classification, Books, Slovakia
Introduction
he creation of chronograms
experienced a significant boom in
Slovakia in the era of humanism. This
phenomenon correlated with a broader access of
people towards education, but also with a cultural
undertaking aiming at the perfection of the forms of
characters and with a rising proclivity for antique literal
issues and metrical forms. Chronograms gradually
became a contemporary social convention, an
expression of public deference, a decoration and
societal gallantry. A high amount of facsimiles dating
from this era and consisting of one or two folios have
been kept in our libraries. These prints are outstanding
for their classical Latin, their refined style, pathos and
use of panegyrics. Because of these it is possible to
study different types of chronograms that richly vary in
content. Simultaneously these facsimiles are a valuable
source to identify the age, the place, the used material,
the authors and the recipients. Apart from chronograms
in books it is very likely that the most interesting
chronograms are Latin inscriptions with demarcated
majuscules that can be found on monuments and
memorials. These kinds of chronograms are often sited
on the fronts of historic buildings and memorials. Their
typology, however, is, if compared with chronograms
in books, often reduced. The integration of the date and
36
38
40
Bibliography:
Matthias Bel in his work Notitia Hungariae Novae historico geographica offered a contemporary view of the condition,
significance, response and specific features of Hungarian counties within the Habsburg monarchy. The aim of the present
study is the historical geographical analysis and interpretation of SectionsVIII and IX of the Paragraph V in the natural
history work of Notitia of the Nitra County in which Matthias Bel described rivers of the Lower Morava River basin Myjava
andChvojnica. The historical geographical probe into time characteristics of these rivers was realised through critical
commentary of the translation of the original (Latin written) text using professional literature, old maps, results of field
research and own knowledge of the given area. Phenomena described by Matthias Bel in the given paragraphs naturally
not always correspond with todays level of knowledge. Nevertheless, information about the Myjava and Chvojnica rivers
reflects not only the time view of specific water streams of the examined territory. It also serves as an evidence of Bels
method and creativity of this enlightener Magnum decus Hungariae.
We do not consider the historical geographical research of the examined area to be completed. We see possible
continuation e.g. in the studies of the development of historic names of settlements or in the application of a specific
method of analysing and interpreting further sections (paragraphs) of the part on nature of the Nitra Notitia.
Keywords: Matthias Bel, Notitia, Nitra County, water streams, Chvojnica, Myjava
Introduction
atthias Bel (*March 1684, Oov
August 29, 1749, Preporok/Bratislava)
was a poly-historian, encyclopedist,
educator, evangelical preacher, pioneer of the upper
Hungarian/Slovak enlightenment, one of the most
significant European scientists of the 18th century, the
founder of modern national history in Hungary and the
role model of the French encyclopedistD. Diderot. In
his work Notitia Hungariae Novae historico-geographica (in
English Historical-geographical knowledge of the New
Hungary, hereinafter referred to as Notitia), he offered
a unique view of the condition, significance, response
and specific features of the counties in Hungary within
the Habsburg Monarchy. These phenomena serve for
researchers in the area of human sciences as an
information database enabling to get an insight into
the historical, cultural, social and natural specific
42
Fig. 2.Sections VIII (Mijawa/Myjava) and IX (Chwoinitze/Chvojnica) on p. 298 299in Paragraph Vof the natural historical part of the
Nitra Notitia highlighted by underlining.
http://oldbooks.savba.sk/digi/Lyc B VIII 33 IV/LKB
43 >>>
Fig. 3. The map of the Nitra County by Samuel Mikovny from 1742 (Mappa Comitatvs Nitriensis: Methodo Astronomico-Geometrica
concinnata. Tom IV. p. 313 opera S. Mikoviny Geometrae Regii, et Soc. Sc. Reg. Bor. Membri; Geor: David Christopho: Nicolai Scul.
[S.l. :s.n., ca 1742]. Sign: Moll-0003.237).
https://aleph.mzk.cz:443/F?func=direct&doc number=001052348&local base= MZK03&format =999
Fig. 4.The Nitra County significant settlements and water streams of the Lower Morava River basin, Myjava andChvojnica.
udel,Juraj.Counties of Slovakia. Bratislava, Obzor, 1984, p. 80 modified byChrastina, Peter.
44
only they did not spill out of their beds. They are the following:
45 >>>
Fig. 5. The countryside around atn on the section of a military map from 1782/84.A more complex forest complex (pine forest with oak?)
can be seen south-west from the township. This was also the border between the Nitra and Bratislava County (green-black line). MyjavaRiver
(Miawa) divides atn (down) from Stre (up). 1st Military Survey, Section 6-4, Austrian State Archive Military Archive, Vienna.
Fig. 6.The channel (incorrectly labelled asMiawa Bach) near Jablonica on the military map from 1782/84. This artificial water stream
was arranged to be built by count Apponyi. It flew along Myjavefrom the water timber mill or theKolonikowsk mill(right bottom part) to
Blaskowsk mill(later the Valcha mill left upper side). 1st Military Survey, Section 7-4, Austrian State Archive Military archive,
Vienna modified byChrastina, Peter.
46
Fig. 7.Chvojnica, Myjava and the creek Teplicain the section of the Mikovnys map of the Nitra County from 1742. The township of
Sobotiteis marked by a circle. http://staremapy.georeferencer.cz/map/L1PwufztuQPQsLJYJgFaQ5/201304071553-SDPMyk/visualize
(25.11.2013) modified byChrastina, Peter.
Conclusion
48
Bibliography:
50
Attualit transilvana
di Antonio Possevino
A l b e r t o C A S TA l D I N I
The study departs from the obvious assessment that, despite the great significance of the life and work of Antonio
Possevino (Mantova 1533 Ferrara 1611) for the political and cultural life of its time, there is no articulate and comprehensive
biography of this Jesuit diplomate and writer. At least no one up to date as the last one was that of Jean Dorigny,
published as early as 1759. Nevertheless, there is a strong academic movement interested in the retrieval of his spiritual
legacy international conferences are organized on a yearly basis in several important European universities. The interest
of the present paper is represented by the legacy of the traveler and diplomate Antonio Possevino, who strongly believed
in the virturs of acculturation (such as his Commentaries clearly show), on the Romanian (i.e., Transylvanian) milieu of his
time.
Keywords: history of Transylvania, acculturation in medieval Transylvania, Antonio Passevino, diplomacy and culture
in medieval Europe
52
54
Note:
The annexation of Oltenia and Banat was the result of the Austro Turkish war and the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718)
signed by the Habsburg Empire. The change of the political situation influenced the Church life as well, even if Oltenia
had been under Austrian rule for 20 years but it did not suffer long term changes during this time. The imposition of
various reforms similar to those imposed in Transylvania could not be carried out in such a short interval.
The Romanian typography from Rmnic was under the auspices of the Bishopric and started its activity even before
the Habsburg Empire conquered Oltenia in 1705: scholar and typographer Antim Ivireanu got involved directly in this
matter, and typographer Mihai Itvanovici followed his example. In 1708, Antim was appointed metropolitan in Bucharest
where he probably brought the tools needed for a typography. Having the permission from Vienna, bishop Damaschin
Dasclu set up a new typography only in 1724. Many books written in Romanian and Slavonic languages were printed in
the typography of Rmnic under the bishops auspices and having their financial support. During the Habsburg governance,
the typography managed to preserve unaltered the traditional Orthodox content of its books, and the imperial and probably
virtual patronage upon the book printing was rather sporadically felt.
Keywords: Oltenia, Vienna, printing house, bookhistory, old Romanian books
<<<
56
58
Bibliography:
Items of the printing house from Blaj and some of their benefficiaries in 1777
In the first part of the study was attempted theorisation of the manner by which typographical items from Blaj
contributed to delineation of specific identity of Transylvanian Greek Catholic Romanians in the general context of
Romanianism. And to point out this aspect we insisted upon the moment 1805, when items of printing from Blaj were
forbidden in Moldavia and Wallachia, there being emphasised what particularised books printed in Blaj from the other
Romanian printings of the age. It was also pointed out the fact that spreaders of books of Blaj attempted to place massively
the typographical items from confluence of the Trnave Rivers beyond the mountains, in Moldavia and Wallachia,
respectively to conquer this important market of their spiritual goods. They betook even typographical fakes, respectively
replaced original title pages of the Triodion from 1800, with other false ones. But despite official obstacles and scandal
broke in 1805, the books of Blaj continued to reach in Romanian territories from south and east of the Carpathians,
contributing to uniformity of Romanians cultural development.
In the second part, the study brings forward an important way of spreading old printings from Blaj, that of buying on
trust copies from the prefect of the publishing house, either for personal usage, or for their advantageous redistribution
by the spreaders specialised in books. The lists with debtors of the typography, out of which the oldest known in the
specialised bibliography is that from 1777, offer interesting information about dimensions of this collective effort of social
implementation of the items of the printing house from Blaj. They reveal involvement in this concentrated effort of the
servants of the Transylvanian Greek Catholic church, starting with the active bishop and continuing with protopopes, or
priests of different parishes. Beside the remembered clerics, there were involved in this process extremely interesting and
beneficial by its cultural consequences, both employees of the publishing house from Blaj (prefect of the publishing house,
typographical masters or simple typographers bookbinders etc.), as well as inhabitants of Blaj, or from closer or more
remote areas, of different occupations. By interpretation in a new manner of the debtors list of the publishing house from
Blaj we could demonstrate supplementarily the cultural advance of Blaj, in 1777, by reporting to the whole Romanian
territory, advance that had as consequence also defining individualising characteristics that distinguished Transylvanian
Greek Catholics Romanians from the wide framework of their national affiliation (Translated by Adina Bogdan).
Keywords: history of printing, typography of Blaj, printing products, typographic forgery, book vendors, sale on credit,
debtor, Greek Catholic Church
60
62
64
65 >>>
12. Ibidem.
13. Ibidem.
14. Ibidem.
15. Corneliu Dima Drgan, Un ansamble bibliologique roumain de
Transylvanie dat de lanne 1777 (D aprs un manuscrit latin indit),
n Studia bibliologica. Quaterly of Bibliology, IV, 1/ 1980.
16. Cornel Tatai Balt, Teodor Smericinschi, Din activitatea
tipografiei de la Blaj (1787 1821), reflectat de un material arhivistic,
n Apulum, XIX, 1981, p. 239 258.
17. Ioan Mircea, Rationes Typographiae a 1 a Decembris 1807 usque
1 um Maji 1818. Un deceniu de activitate a tipografiei din Blaj, n
Apulum, XVIII, 1980, p. 297 306.
18. Vezi i Gabriela Mircea, Tipografia din Blaj, passim.
19. Vezi Liliana Popa, Simion Pantea editor i rspnditor de carte
romneasc, n Apulum, XXIII, 1986, p. 239 244 etc.
20. Gabriela Mircea, Ioan Mircea, Din raiunile tipografiei bljene:
o list de percepiuni bneti ntocmit n anul 1782, n Revista
romn de istorie a crii, Bucureti, Anul I, Numrul 1, 2004, p.
21.
21. Vezi n acest sens i Gabriela Mircea, Tipografia din Blaj, p.
240 251.
22. Biblioteca Academiei Romne Cluj, ms. lat 257., filele 19 r
19 v, 20 r.
23. i putem considera c nici aceti beneficiari de tiprituri ai
Blajului nu vor fi fost chiar puini, dar din pcate nu putem
estima numrul lor, prin raportare la lista din 1777. Ar putea fi
fcut acest lucru ns n privina listelor de debitori din 1787
sau anii urmtori, cunoscute i ele bibliografiei subiectului.
24. Ibidem, f. 19 r.
25. Ibidem.
26. Ibidem.
27. Ibidem.
28. Ibidem.
29. Ibidem.
30. Ibidem.
31. Ibidem.
32. Ibidem.
33. Ibidem.
34. Ibidem, f. 19. V.
35. Ibidem, f. 20 r.
36. Ibidem, f. 19 v.
37. Ibidem, f. 20 r.
38. Ibidem, f. 19 v.
39. Ibidem.
40. Ibidem.
41. Ibidem, f. 20 r.
42. Ibidem.
43. Ibidem, f. 19 r 20 r.
44. Ibidem. Preotul Ioan din Srvad nu putea fi asprul tat al
Episcopului Grigorie Maior, care nu mai putea profesa, dac
mai tria la vremea respectiv, din cauza btrneii, sau murise
mai demult, dar un membru al familiei sale, cu siguran putea
fi, deoarece adeseori meseria de preot de transmitea din tat n
fiu, sau oricum se practica n familie.
45. Ibidem.
46. Ibidem.
47. Ibidem.
48. Ibidem. S fi fost originar acest posibil preot Ioan
Ghierghina, din Belite (Serbia)?
49. Ibidem.
50. Ibidem.
51. Ibidem.
52. Ibidem
53. Ibidem.
54. Ibidem.
<<<
66
55. Ibidem.
56. Ibidem, f. 19 v. Vicarul Maramureului aflat n funciune era
Mihai Parazsovics (1772 1778) i este evident faptul c
Episcopul Grigorie Maior avea legturi personale cu acest
personaj, din ierarhia Episcopiei de Munkacs (Vezi Alexandru
Filipacu, Istoria Maramureului, Baia Mare, 1997, p. 145).
57. Ibidem, f. 20 r.
58. Ibidem.
59. Dei era foarte tnr la vremea respectiv, dac acceptm,
dup aproximarea fcut de Gheorghe Pavelescu, c s ar fi
nscut prin 1758, ceea ce nsemna c n 1777 avea aproximativ
19 ani, sau n jur de 20 21 de ani, dac s ar fi nscut n 1756,
de exemplu! (Vezi Liliana Popa, op. cit., p. 241).
60. Ibidem, f. 20 r.
61. Ibidem.
62. Ibidem, f. 19 v.
63. Ibidem, f. 20 r.
64. Ibidem.
65. Ibidem.
66. Ibidem.
67. Ibidem, f. 19 v.
68. Ibidem.
Bibliography:
Iacob MRZA
Cultural Identities in the Books Donated by the Catholic Bishop Anton Sigismund Stoica of Szala (1699 1770)
As extension to a work from 1974 O list cu cri de la episcopul Anton Sigismund Stoica de Szala (1699 1770) / A List of
Books study attempts to investigate and establish various enlightened cultural identities from from Anton Sigismund Stoica of
Szala (1699 1770), in Apulum, XII, 1974, p. 329 359, the present manuscript XI 271, preserved at the National Library
of Romania, Batthyaneum Branch, Alba Iulia, entitled Cathalogus Librorum ab Excellentissimo Illustrissimo ac Reverendissio Domino
Piae Memoriae SIGISMUNDO ANTONIO SZTOJKA L[ibero] B[arone] de Szala Antiquo Episcopo Transyl[vaniae] ultima voluntate
Seminario Ep[isco]pali Albensi Incarnate Sapientiae Legatorum Ordine Alphabetico digestus. The manuscript includes a list of books
donated by the Bishop for the Seminarium Incarnate Sapientiae of Alba Iulia, an institution set up by the Baron of Szala.
Starting the investigation from the items of information provided by Cathalogus Librorum and few books bearing the
donors signature found in the Library Fund of Alba Iulia, the author of the present study attempts to detect several cultural
identities typical for the Age of Enlightenment. If one takes into account the Bishops life, activity and managerial work
between 1749 and 1759, mention should be made about his constant interest in libri theologici, libri philosophici, libri historici,
libri juridici, etc. This kind of cultural identities emerge from the identification and interpretation of several titles significant
for the bookish horizon typical for a Catholic prelate of the Transylvanian Principality in the Age of Enlightenment.
Keywords: Age of Enlightenment, Alba Iulia, Catholic Bishop, book donation, bookish horizon, cultural encyclopedism
68
70
3. Vezi, ntre altele: Liber librorum. Cinq mille ans dart du livre.
Prsent par Hendrik D. L. Vervliet. Introduction de Herman
Liebaers, Bruxelles, Arcade, MCMLXXIII, p. 393 471; Albert
Flocon, Universul crilor. Studiu istoric de la origini pn la sfritul
secolului al XVIII lea. Traducere de Radu Berceanu. Cu o postfa
de Barbu Theodorescu, Bucureti, Edit. t. i Enc., 1976, p.
332 386; Frdric Barbier, Histoire du livre, 2 me dition, Paris,
Armand Colin, 2009, p. 177 256.
4. Vezi Iacob Mrza, O list cu cri de la Episcopul Anton Sigismund
Stoica de Szala (1699 1770), n Apulum, XII, 1974, pp. 329 359.
Documentul va fi citat, n continuare, prescurtat: Cathalogus
Librorum.
5. Biblioteca Naional a Romniei, Filiala Batthyaneum Alba Iulia,
ms. XI 271, f. 1 r. 11 v.
6. Iacob Mrza, O list cu cri, pp. 329 359.
7. Diverse date biografice la: Antonius Szeredai, Series antiquiorum,
et recentiorum episcoporum Transilvaniae, A[lbae] Carolinae, 1790, p.
229 235 ; Beke Antal, Az erdlyi egyhzmegyei papnvelde trtnei
vzlata, Kroly Fehrvr, 1870, p. 17 18, 33 34, 43 44, 54 58,
75 75, 85; Temesvry Jnos, t erdlyi pspk rangemelse, Kolozsvr,
1910, p. 20 28; Marton Jzsef, Papnevels az erdlyi egyhzmegyben
1753 tl 1918 ig, Budapest, 1993, p. 73 83; Seminarium Incarnatae
Sapientiae Emlknyv a 250 ve alaptott Gyulafehrvri Papnevelde
Jubileuma alkalmbl. Szerekesztette: Dr. Marton Jzsef, Kolozsvr,
2003, p. 12 13.
8. Ibidem. Vezi, recent, sugestii pentru cercetri comparatiste,
Frdric Barbier, Histoire des bibliothques dAlexandrie aus bibliothques
virtuelles, Paris, Armand Collin, 2013, p. 169 196.
9. Pentru orientri bibliografice, vezi: Istoria romnilor. Vol. VI.
Romnii ntre Europa clasic i Europa Luminilor (1711 1821),
Bucureti, Edit. Enc., 2002, p. 834 880; Istoria nvmntului din
Romania Vol. I (de la origini pn la 1821), Bucureti, Edit. Did. i
Ped., 1983, p. 230 416; Nicolae Albu, Istoria nvmntului romnesc
din Transilvania pn la 1800, Blaj, Lumina, 1994, p. 113 334;
Lucia Protopopescu, Contribuii la istoria nvtmntului din
Transilvania 1774 1805, Bucureti, Edit. Did. i Ped., 1966, p.
47 186, 229 236, 241, 249, 251 263, 283 333; Ileana Bozac,
Pompiliu Teodor, nvmntul romnesc din Transilvania n secolul al
XVIII lea i la nceputul secolului al XIX lea, n Din istoria pedagogiei
romneti, II, Bucureti, Edit. Did. i Ped., 1966, p. 142 170; Ioan
Marin Mlina, Situaia nvmntului bisericesc al romnilor n contextul
reformelor colare din timpul domniei mprtesei Maria Tereza (1740 80),
a mprailor Iosif al II lea (1780 90) i Leopold al II lea (1790 92).
Contribuii privind relaiile romno austriece, Oradea, Mihai
Eminescu, 1994, p. 46 62, 119 120.
10. Iacob Mrza, O list cu cri, p. 343, 349 351.
11. Ibidem, p. 349 356. Informaii sumare despre autori: Bibliographie
universelle ancienne et moderne, 1 85, Paris, Michaud frres [et Beck],
1811 1862; C. von Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums
Oesterreich, 1 60, Wien, L. C. Zapianski, 1856 1890; Allgemeine
deutsche Biographie, 1 56, Leipzig, Dunckar & Humblot, 1875 1912;
Wetzer und Weltes Kirchenlexikon oder Encyklopdie der katholischen
Theologie und ihrer Hlfwissenschaften, 1 13, Freiburg im Breisgau,
Herdersche Verlagshandlung, 1882 1903; The Catholik Encyclopedia,
I XVI, New York, The Encyclopedia Presse, [1904 1914]; Lexikon
fr Theologie und Kirche. Zweite, neubearbeitete Auflage des
kirchenlichen Handlexikons, I X, Freiburg im Breisgau, Herder,
1930 1938.
12. Iacob Mrza, O list cu cri, p. 349 356.
13. Ibidem, p. 349 356. Date biografice n Scriitori greci i latini.
Coordonatori N. I. Barbu, Adelina Piatkowski, Bucureti, Edit. t.
i Enc., 1978.
14. Cf. Iacob Mrza, Libraries and Book Collections, p. 81 83.
15. Idem, n Apulum, XII, 1974, p. 349 356.
16. Ibidem, p. 335 338, 349 356.
17. Ibidem, p. 338 339, 349 356.
18. Ibidem, p. 339 340, 349 356.
19. Ibidem, p. 340 341, 349 356.
Bibliography:
71 >>>
The Romanians of Habsburg Bucovina (of the XIXth century) felt a stringent urge to have their own printing house.
This matter took place back in 1848 when the Hurmuzaki brothers published the first Romanian paper entitled Bucovina
(1848 1850) which appeared in two columns, one Romanian and the other German and had been edited by themselves.
The Hurmuzaki paper had been printed at Ioan Eckhardts printing house, at the times, the only printing house in
Czernowitz, which was fairly missing necessary letter forms to print a Romanian newspaper. The Hurmuzaki brothers had
tried to publish the paper in Lviv and Vienna, though the communication means being of significant difficulties and
sacrifices, they insisted Ioan Eckhardt to procure the necessary letter forms to be able to print a Romanian newspaper.
An attempt to obtain a concession for a printing house was made by the abbot of Putna Monastery, Artemon Bortnic,
who requested an establishment of the diocesan printing house to the diocesan consistory back in 1853. The King did not
approve the request for a Romanian diocesan printing house to be founded, although three of that kind, namely Petrowski,
Czopp and Kerekjarto printing houses appeared in the meantime in Cernauti.
In 1882, as a result of an incentive of the worthy Metropolitan Bishop Silvestru Morariu Andrievici it was decided to
publish the church journal Candela which dates its first edition in July 1st, 1882 at the Wilhelm Kerekjartos publishing
house. The latter would later sell his own printing house to the Romanians who would start printing schoolbooks and
Candela journal.
The first founder of the Romanian printing house in Bucovina, called Archbishopric Printing House, later to become
part of the Metropolitan Residence, was the famous Romanian Metropolitan Bishop Dr. Silvestru Morariu Andrievici. The
patron Metropolitan Bishop in quality of a vice president of the Association of Romanian Culture and Literature in
Bucovina, proved a successful literary figure, author of numerous manuals, editor and spreader of Romanian culture in
Bucovina.
Keywords: archdiocesan printing house, culture, Habsburg Bucovina, typography, the Hurmuzaki brothers
<<<
72
74
75 >>>
Bibliography:
76
Book Acquisitions in the Central European Area. The Case of Ignc Batthyny
The present study is a continuation of a wider research that aims at rediscovering as much data as possible on the
connection between the Transylvanian bishop Ignc Batthyny and his collaborator, Imre Dniel, whom the bishop
appointed librarian of his library that was finally settled in Alba Carolina. The connection between Imre Dniel and the
future Batthyaneum Library is a very strong one since Dniel bought a series of books for this cultural institution.
The period in which Dniel bought books at the bishops request stretches, from data I was able to collect so far,
between the time when Batthyny was still in Eger (1780) and Dniel was a student in Vienna, and the final months of
1785, when Dniel returned from his academic trip to Italy where he had been sent by the Transylvanian bishop. Such data
can be found in the correspondence between the two scholars that is preserved in the collection of the Batthyaneum
Library in Alba Iulia. Though in this correspondence information on the requested books is often lacunal, I was able to
identify some of the works. The assiduity with which the books were bought stresses the bishops obvious desire to compile
a scientific library capable of rising to the level of those in the rest of Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century.
Keywords: book acquisition, library, Imre Dniel, Ignc Batthyny, academic trip, Italy, collection, correspondence
78
80
81 >>>
Bibliography:
82
The Romanian Church United by Episcopal Circulars Summoning the Synods in the 19th Century: Potential and Research Perspectives
The author submits a radiography of the institutional history of the United Romanian Church as it might be
reconstructed by means of an undeveloped source in the Romanian historiography. The present study investigates the way
in which the Episcopal, respectively, the metropolitan circulars edited by the Diocese Typography of Blaj in the 18th and
19th century illustrate the clerical elites vision upon canonical reforming and institutional modernization in its own Church.
Keywords: Church, Blaj, typography, ecclesiastical history, autonomy
84
11
85 >>>
86
87 >>>
Bibliography:
Surse edite:
Batthyny, Ignatius. Leges ecclesiasticae regni Hungariae et
provinciarum adiacentium. I III, Alba Iulia, 1785.
Blan, Ioan. Fontes Iuris Canonici Ecclesiae Rumenae, Roma,
Tipografia Poliglota Vaticana,1932, n Codificazione canonica
orientale. Fonti. Fascicolo X. Disciplina bizantina. Rumeni. Testi
di diritto particolare dei Rumeni, Roma, Tipografia Poliglota
Vaticana,1933.
Crja, Ioan; Sularea, Daniel (ed.). Episcopul Ioan Szab i
Sfntul Scaun. Coresponden (1874-1910), Cluj-Napoca,
Presa Universitar Clujean, 2007.
Conciliu Provinciale Primu alu Provinciei Basericesci Greco-Catolice
Alba Julia si Fagarasiu tienutu la anulu 1872 Concilium
Provinciale Primum Provinciae Ecclesiasticae Graeco-Catholicae
Alba-Iuliensis et Fogarasiensis celebratum anno 1872, Blasiu,
1882.
Conciliulu Provincialu alu doile alu Provinciei Bisericeti greco-catolice
Alba Iulia i Fagarasiu tienutu la anulu 1882/ Concilium
Provinciale Secundum Provincia Ecclesiasticae Graeco-Catholicae
Alba-Iuliensis et Fogarasiensis celebratum anno 1882, Blasiu,
1885.
Conciliul Provincial al treilea al Provinciei Bisericeti greco-catolice
Alba Iulia i Fagarasiu inut la anul 1900/ Concilium
Provinciale Tertium Provinciae Ecclesiasticae Graeco-Catholicae
Alba-Iuliensis et Fogarasiensis celebratum anno 1900, Blaj, 1906.
Clercq, Charles de, Conciles des Orientaux Catholique. Histoire
des Conciles, tome XI, I (1575-1849), Paris, 1949; Ibidem,
tome XI, II (1850-1949) Paris, 1952.
Daniel Dumitran, Un timp al reformelor. Biserica Greco-Catolica
din Transilvania sub conducerea episcopului Ioan Bob
(1782-1830), Cluj-Napoca. Editura Argonaut, 2007, p.
377-385.
Maior, Petru, Protopopadichia, Ediie ngrijit, Studiu
ntroductiv, Note, Glosar, Rezumat, Bibliografie selectiv,
indici: Laura Stanciu, Prefa: Pompiliu Teodor, Alba
Iulia, 1998.
Maior, Petru, Istoria Besearecii Romnilor, att a cestor dincoace
precum i a celor dincolo de Dunre, Buda, Ediie ngrijit de
Ioan Chindri, I, Viitorul Romnesc, Bucureti, 1995.
Mansi, I.D., Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, tom.
42. (ed. L.Petit, I.B. Martin) Synodi Orientalis (1865-1874),
Paris, 1910. Reeditat: Decretele Conciliului prim i al doila ale
Provinciei bisericeti greco-catolice de Alba Iulia i Fgra, Blaj,
1927.
Moldovan, Ioan Micu, Acte sinodali ale beserecei romane de Alba
Julia si Fagarasiu, tom I, Blaj, 1869; tom II, Blaj, 1872.
Nilles, Nicolaus, Symbolae ad illustrandam historiam Ecclesiae Orientalis
in Terris Coronae S. Stephani, vol. I-II, Innsbruck, 1885.
Szvornyi Mihly, Synopsis critico-historica decretorum synodalium
pro Ecclesia hungaro-catholica, Vesprem, 1807.
<<<
88
Bibliografie special:
Bari, George, Pentru soborul bisericesc, n Gazeta de
Transilvania, X/1847, nr. 61, p. 241-242.
Brnuiu, Simion, Soborul cel mare al Episcopiei
Fgraului, n Foae pentru minte, inim i literatur, an
VI/1843, nr. 4-5, n Simion Brnuiu, Sborul cel mare
al Episcopiei Fgraului, n vol. Suveranitate naional i
integrare european, (ed. Ioan Chindri) Cluj, 1998, p. 62-68.
Grama, Alexandru, Instituiunile calvinesci n Biserica romneasc
din Ardealu, fasele lor n trecut i valoarea n presente. Studiu
istorico-canonicu, Blaj, 1895.
Ioannou, Pricls-Pierre, Fonti, Fascicolo IX, tom. I. Discipline
Generale Antique (IIe-IXe s.), Roma, Tipografia
Italo-Orientale S.Nilo- Gottaferrata, 1962. Ibidem, tom.
I, 2. Discipline Generale Antique (IVe-IXe s.). Les canons de
Synodes Particuliers, Roma, Tipografia Italo-Orientale
S.Nilo- Gottaferrata, 1962. Ibidem, tom. 2. Discipline
Generale Antique (IVe-IXe s.). Les canons de Pres Grecs,
Roma, Tipografia Italo-Orientale S.Nilo
Gottaferrata, 1963.
Codul canoanelor Bisericilor Orientale (Traducere i editare: Iuliu
Vasile Muntean), Cluj Napoca, Presa Universitar
Clujean, 2001.
Pcianu, T.V., Cartea de Aur, vol. I, Sibiu, 1902, p. 22.
Stinghe, Sterie, Documente privitoare la trecutul romnilor din chei
(1701-1795), I, Braov, 1901.
Suttner, Ernst Christoph, Quellen zur Geschichte der
Kirchenunionen des 16. bis 18. Jhr., Freiburg, 2010.
Bibliografie general:
Andrei, Mirela, La grania Imperiului: Vicariatul Greco-Catolic al
Rodnei n a doua jumtate a secolului al XIX-lea, Cluj-Napoca,
Editura Argonaut, 2006.
Barta, Cristian, Sinodalitatea Bisericii Romne Unite cu
Roma ntre anii 1697-1742: aspecte ecleziologice
identitare, n Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Historica,
II/2007, p. 9-25.
Blan, Ioan, Un sinod diecezan necunoscut de sub Rednik, n
Cultura cretin, Blaj, 5/1936, p. 283-296.
Brbat, Vasile, Linstitution de loffice du thologien dans lEglise
Roumaine Unie, n Orientalia Christiana Periodica nr. 29, 1963,
p. 155-200 (extras din disertaia autorului, care se afl n
form complet n Biblioteca Institutului Pontifical
Oriental din Roma).
Brlea, Octavian, Ex Historia Romena: Ioannes Bob Episcopus
Fagarasiensis (1783-1830), Frankfurt/Main, 1948.
Bleiziffer, William Alexandru, Disciplina dei Sacramenti e Culto
Divino Considerazioni canoniche, Alba-Iulia, 2002.
Bocan Nicolae, Crja, Ioan, Il metropolitan Victor Mihlyi
de Apa e I rapporti tra Chiesa Greco-Cattolica romena
di Transilvania e lAutonomia Cattolica ungherese, n
I romeni e la Santa Sede Miscellanea di studi di storia ecclesiastica
(ed. Ioan Cja). Intriduzione: Antonello Biagini,
Bucarest-Roma, 2004.
Bodogae, Teodor, Despre cunotinele teologice ale preoilor romni
de acum 200 de ani: semnificaia unui manuscris, Sibiu, 1944.
Bonda, Ioana Mihaela, Mitropolia Romn Unit n timpul
pstoririi lui Alexandru terca uluiu (1853-1867), Cluj
Napoca, Presa Universitar Clujean, 2008.
Bunea, Augustin, Cestiuni din dreptul i istoria Bisericei Romnesci
Unite, Blaj, 1893.
Cmpeanu, Remus, Biserica Romn Unit ntre istorie i
89 >>>
Florin BOGDAN
Collection of incunabula belonging to Teleki Bolyai Library from Trgu Mure includes 69 copies, out of which the
audience knows 68 copies. On initiating their classification to the National Cultural Heritage it was discovered, in the
colligation containing works of Florentine preacher Girolamo Savonarola (1452 1498) printed in the incunabular period,
a text of 8 pages representing the work entitled Exposizione sopra el psalmo Verba mea [Florence, 1498], a unique copy in the
Romanian area.
The theological work, Exposizione sopra el psalmo Verba mea [Florence, 1498], was attributed to Simone Cinozzi or Placido
Cinozzi, because its printing was realised after the death of Savonarola, from 1498.
By the 8 pages, part of the colligation from Trgu Mure, we assume that the copy is complete; within our approach
of identification relevant was also information obtained from specialists from Cambridge University Library, Bibliothque
Nationale de France or Wrttembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart.
This study is a contribution to knowing the fund of incunabula existent in Romania, the copy being new, unpublished,
but also at global level, only other 18 copies being known.
Keywords: Teleki Bolyai Library Trgu Mure, incunabulum, Savonarola, Florence, XVth century
90
91 >>>
92
94
Bibliography:
http://istc.bl.uk/search/search.html?operation=record
&rsid=741306&q=2 consulted on 27 November
2013;
http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~hou00749
consulted on 27 November 2013;
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola
consulted on 27 November 2013.
95 >>>
Imagini istorice
ale oraelor actualei Romnii
tiprite la Antwerpen
Anda-lucia SPNU
Many specialists have studied the Printing Revolution, as well as the importance of the production and the trade of
books. Images of Romanian cities have been made on a wide range of supports, but the vast majority of them were printed
images.
The oldest images of Romanian cities were the views of Oradea and Cluj, from Georg Brauns Civitates Orbis Terrarum,
made by Georg (or Joris) Hoefnagel, artist born in Antwerp. The work itself is strongly related with this famous centre,
trough Abraham Orteliuss Theatrum orbis terrarium, printed there. While Civitates and Hoefnagels activity is well known,
Gaspar Boutats, Jacob Harrewijn and Jacob Peeters, who as well represented cities from nowadays Romania, are almost
unknown to Romanian historiography. Their images seem to be head series for a type of representations that circulated
for two centuries.
This paper intends to study these images, together with the books in which they have been printed. Both images and
books were created in the 17th century Antwerp.
96
1. Gaspar Bouttats Timioara Biblioteca Universitar Lucian Blaga Cluj-Napoca, Colecii Speciale
97 >>>
2. Gaspar Bouttats Oradea Biblioteca Universitar Lucian Blaga Cluj-Napoca, Colecii Speciale
3. Gaspar Bouttats Lipova Biblioteca Universitar Lucian Blaga Cluj-Napoca, Colecii Speciale
<<<
98
100
Note:
Fenomene meteorologice
n nsemnrile de carte romneasc veche
din Biblioteca Academiei Romne
din Cluj-Napoca
Otilia URS
Meteorologic Phenomena in Notes of Old Romanian Book at the Library of the Romanian Academy in Cluj Napoca
The study took into account the identification and analysis of notes of Old Romanian Book found at the Romanian
Academy Library in Cluj Napoca. These notes are related to meteorological phenomena. Their analysis revealed influences
of meteorologic phenomena in human life, such as: floods, drought, earthquakes, extreme temperatures etc. Moreover,
the study aimed at both the way in which these phenomena were perceived by those who had to endure them, and the
sociological aspects of such events which, by their uniqueness, have resulted into the emergence of an instrument of
culture, namely, that of marking on books, a memorable moment in the history of the community.
Keywords: Old Romanian Book, meteorologic phenomena in book notes, the Library of the Romanian Academy in
Cluj Napoca
102
104
iear n partea de susu, adic dupe aici, de la voi nspre munte, spre
Bucureti, spre Oltu, nu s-a fcutu porumbu nici de coptu din cauz
c dupe la 15 de iunie nu a mai ploatu pn tomna, ba chiar i
tomna a fostu fr ploie, secetos nepomenitu. Gru, tomna, s-a
semnatu prin bulgri i pulbere uscat. i a inutu aa, secet,
pn pe la ovedenie, cnd a datu puin zpad, apoi dupe la
Sf<ntul> Ioanu se a luatu i aceast puin zpad mare.
Crpase pmntul ca vara, cu tote c aceast uscciune era chiar,
precum mai susu artai, provenit din cauza secitii dup vara,
toamna i iarn. Notreu nu s-a cutat nicidecum, fiindu c vitele
cele mrunte mai cu osebire, cine le avutu, nici nu le-au adusu de la
cmpu. A inutu aa seceta, fr ploie, pn la 20 alle luni lui
februarie 1884, cnd atunci a nceputu vntu din josu cu puin
ploie i zpad. Am nsemnat spre memorie preotul Anastase D.
Mirodotu, parohul bisericii sf-lui Teodor Tiron din Roiorii de Vede
n all 14-lea anu de la preoie a mea. 1884, februarie, 20.
(Strastnic, Blaj, 1804, cota CRV 882); La annul 1841 spre a.
1842 au fost o tomn bun, sbicit i cu vin bun i n-au nins pn
n [] sptmni dup Crciun, adec pn n 9 zile []
ianuarie i dobitoacele au umblat tot la cmp i vite i oi i tot,
fiindc notre nc au fost puin (Samuil Micu, Propovedanie,
Blaj, 1824, cota CRV 107); Pre[] []ne <1>767 lui
februari, 19 zile, au nins me[] durduit Dumnezeu foarte tare.
Luni, dup ac[], au czut brum [] i duminec i luni [
] n ziua de Singiorz au nins zpad mare i au fost d-au perit
poamele i frunza de fag i f[] toat [] strugurii au abia ieit
puinei. <1>768. Au plooat la sfritul lui aprilie -au bt<ut>
brum, btrea ce [] brum n zioa de Armindeni [] joi i
vineri de au degerat viile mai []ste n poam ara, dar poame au
mai rmas pe c[] undeva. <1>772. De [] 20 zile []
schimbat []tespe mai [] fuge foarte p[] i mult i[] au
fost iarna tot ca d fr[] n b[]; 1746. []t cu trei []
m[]te n buca[] [] vitr[] pe 26 de zile, mari noapte
[] miercuri n bir[] lui maiu fr [] plooat n d[] n luna
lui iunie noptea p[] [...] (Noul Testament, Blgrad, 1648,
cota CRV 280); n anulu 1893 au fostu o primvar rea, rece i
friguroas, aia c i n 23 aprilie era ger i zpad i dup sfntul
George au trebuit s dea oamenii fnu la vite. Tot asemenea, cu
puin deosebire, au fost i n 1894. In 15/III 1894. G. Tic.
(Triod, Bucureti, 1768, cota CRV 1094); [...] n-au plouatu
defelu tot primvara [...] n-am avutu ce mnca ma[...] de veli sta
s peie de fome Zaharie Ca[...] apro[...]; Anu 1909, luna lui
aprilie, 26, au [...] forte [...];<n> anul D-lui 1911 au nins n
luna ma[...] 26 (Apostol, Bucureti, 1774, cota CRV 637).
Dup cum reiese din alte nsemnri, condiiile
meteorologhice au determinat variaii de pre la
produsele agricole, consemnate astfel: 1740, 14 mai. n
21 fost-au bucatele scumpe n Ardeal i nc i ntr-alte ri
trecnd, c i ardeani de la alt scumpeate i []um[] p la
aceasta i vitele nc au fost n scumpe ntr-acest an. i am
nsemnat eu, mult pctosul, Ion Svsteianul n D[]. (Noul
Testament, Bucureti, 1703, CRV 192). <n> anul 1787
au fost o foamete mare foarte. Foarte am auzit i am i vzut pe
muli, iar eu nsumi nu o am pit, fiind i Nuu popii din
Bioar la mnstire, puin vreme fiind diiac. Scris-am eu
Athanasie diiac. Amin. (Triod, Rmnic, 1731, cota CRV
1442); n 1795, cnd au fost fomete pre lume, n zilele lui
106
Bibliography:
Ode in the memory of the eternal Mother, Augusta Maria Theresa potentiating factor of the imagine o good Emperor
At the death of Empress Maria Theresa, John Piuariu Molnar published in Sibiu Ode in the memory of the eternal
Mother, Augusta Maria Theresa, which laments the disappearance of the queen and list the benefits of the benefits of
the illustrious sovereign s reign.
This bookish framework shows that the extinction of providential personalities can not be complete, for they become
a reference point for the present. One reality, that of physical death, is denied by another, that of myth. The mythical
version conferes the attribute of eternity to exemplar characters, a matter of fact which is argued by the very existence of
the myth. In spite of the creation aspect of the Romanian elite, this text unequivocally attests the myth of the Empress
Maria Theresa in Romanian collective sensitivity.
Keywords: Empress Maria Theresa; John Piuariu Molnar; providential personalities; good Emperor; Ode
<<<
108
110
6. Ibidem, p. 217
7. Edmund Nicolau, I. M. tefan, op. cit, p. 148
8. Andrei Veress, nc ceva la biografia doctorului Ioan-Molnar, n
Revista istoric romn vol. II, Bucureti, 1932, p. 299
9. Nicoar Toader, Transilvania la nceputurile timpurilor moderne
(1680-1830). Societate rural i mentaliti colective, Presa
Universitar Clujean, 1997, p. 373
10. Mircea Popa, Ioan Piuariu Molnar, Editura Dacia, Cluj
Napoca, 1976, p. 106
11. Mircea Popa, op. cit., pp. 106-108
12. Toader Nicoar, op.cit, pp. 365-374; Petre Din, Mitul
bunului mprat n sensibilitatea colectiv a romnilor din Transilvania,
Editura Napoca Star, Cluj, 2003, pp. 133-246; Petre Din,
Societatea romneasc n perioada modern. Imagologie i mituri istorice,
Editura Napoca Star, Cluj-Napoca, 2006, pp. 7-23
13. Mirela Andrei, Aspecte privind mitul bunului mprat n
sensibilitatea colectiv din Ardeal n 1848, n Studii de imagologie,
Editura Banatica, Resia, 1996, p. 88; Ion Crja, Les Roumains
de Transylvanie et lEmpire des Habsbourg dans la priode
1848-1851 entre ralit et imaginaire, n Ionu Costea, Valentin
Orga (coord.), Studii de Istoria Transilvaniei, IV,
Cluj-Napoca, 2000, pp. 231-244.; Petre Din, Romnii
transilvneni i monarhia habsburgic n secolele XVIII-XIX. Istorie
i imaginar, Editura Napoca Star, Cluj Napoca, 2009, p. 99
14. Doru Radosav, Artarea mpratului. Intrrile imperiale n
Transilvania i Banat (sec. XVIII-XIX). Editura Presa
Universitar Clujean, Cluj-Napoca, 2002, p.26
15. Ibidem, p. 27
16. Samuil Micu, Istoria i lucrurile i ntmplrile romnilor, tom
III, Blaj, 1801, pp. 201- 202
17. coala Ardelean, Ediie critic de Florea Fugariu, vol I,
Editura Albatros, Bucureti, 1970, p.187
18. Ernest Kantorowicz, Les Deux corps du Roi. Essai sur la
thologie politique au Moyen Age, Paris, Gallimard, 1989
19. Apud Bronislaw Baczko, Les imaginaires sociaux. Mmoires
et spoires collectives, Paris, 1984, p. 15
Bibliography:
Censorship has emerged even before receiving a name. Due to the fact that it was an attribute of the power, it was
religious, political or military. It has emerged as early as the first writings, as shown by biblical texts. Within the European
area the censorship was created by the Church. In Transylvania, which was under the Habsburg administration, written
culture bore the imprint of the measures taken against the reform forbidden texts, funds of controlled manuscripts.
There is not a reference point in time to be related to the beginning of censsorship. Prohibition of writings has been
identified with the history of culture and civilization. Its origins are linked to the religious life of each human community.
As crystallization of the first state forms emerged, censorship became an attribute of religious institutions, as well as of
secular ones.
I. Silvestru Caliani was noted as the first roman censor in Transylvania. In 1774 Caliani, known as the first book
censor, signed the print approval for The Book of Akathists at Blaj.
Albina Romneasc appeared under Gheorghe Asachis editorial guidance. It was the first Romanian newspaper in
Moldavia. Alongside Curierul Romnesc, drafted by I. Heliade Rdulescu in Bucharest, and Gazeta de Transylvania,
G. Bariiu, Braov, Albina Romneasc laid the foundation of the Romanian periodicals. At the beginning, Curierul
romnesc, which firstly appeard in Bucharest on April the 8th, 1829, and Albina romneasc, Iai, June 1, 1829, were
almost official gazettes, because they used to publish mostly political news taken from the inside and from abroad. But,
later, they began to publish: little literary information, historical articles, short stories, poems, so that they managed to
gather around the entire literary movement of the country.
Keywords: Old Book, periodicals, The Habsburg Empire, 1829, politics
112
113 >>>
Gheorghe Asachi
114
Note:
Bibliography:
1. Lenua Drgan, Marian Stescu: Albina Romneasc Drgan, Lenua; Stescu, Mariana: Albina Romneasc
1829-1849: Indice bibliografic, 1999, s. n., Iasi, p. XII.
1829-1849: Indice bibliografic, 1999 [Romanian Bee
1829-1849: Bibliographical Index, 1999], s. n., Iai.
2. Nicolae Iorga: Gheorghe Asachi ca tipograf i editor
dup catalogul lui din 1847 , 1912, Librriile Socec Iorga, Nicolae: Gheorghe Asachi ca tipograf i editor dup
& Comp., Bucureti,, pag. 7.
catalogul lui din 1847 1912 [Gheorghe Asachi as Printer
and Publisher According to his Catalogue from
3. Petcu, Marian: Puterea i cultura. O istorie a cenzurii,
1847-1912], Socec & Comp Publishing Houses,
1999, Editura Polirom, Iai, p. 12.
Bucureti.
Marian, Petcu: Puterea i cultura. O istorie a cenzurii [Power
and Culture. A History of Censorship], 1999, Polirom
5. Adrian Marino, Libertate i cenzur n Romnia.
Publishing House, Iai.
nceputuri, 2005, Editura Polirom, Bucureti, p. 51.
Marino, Adrian: Libertate i cenzur n Romnia. nceputuri,
6. Petcu Marin, Puterea i cultura. O istorie a cenzurii,
2005. [Freedom and Censorship in Romania. Beginnings,
1999, Editura Polirom, Iai, pag. 87.
2005], Polirom Publishing House, Bucureti.
4. Ibidem, pag. 17.
7. C. Bacalbaa: Ziaristica romn din zilele noastre, Bacalbaa, C.: Ziaristica romn din zilele noastre, 1922
1922, Atelierele Societii Anonime Adevrul,
[Romanian Journalism from Nowadays, 1922], the
Bucureti, p. 188.
workshops of the Adevrul anonymous society,
Bucureti.
8. Lenua Dragan, Marian Stescu: Albina Romneasc
1829-1849: Indice bibliografic, 1999, s. n., Iai, p. XII. Albina Romneasc [Romanian Bee], No. 1, Eii,
June 1st, 1829.
9. Albina Romneasc, Eii, 1829, nr. 1, 1 iunie, pag.
Rosetti, Radu: Despre Censura n Moldova. I: nfiinarea
3.
censurii de guvernul provizor rus i funcionarea ei sub acel
regim: 1828-1834 [About Censorship in Moldavia. I:
10. Albina Romneasc, Nr. 58, Eii, 1829, p. 234.
Installation of Censorship by the Russian Temporary
Government and its Operation under that Government:
11. Radu Rosetti, Despre Censura n Moldova. I:
1828-1834], in: The Annals Of The Romanian Academy,
nfiinarea censurii de guvernul provizor rus i
Series II, Volume XXIX, 1906-1907, Memoirs of the
funcionarea ei sub acel regim: 1828 1834, n: Analele
Historical Section, 1907, Carol Gobl Institute of
Academiei Romne, Seria II, Tomul XXIX, 1906-1907,
Graphic Arts, Bucharest, page 298.
Memoriile seciunii istorice, 1907, Institutul de Arte
Grafice Carol Gobl, Bucureti, pag. 298.
ANRM, inv. 3, file 6411, f. 2 (verso).
12. Albina Romneasc, Nr. 1, Eii, 1 iunie, 1829, pag.
Figuri de arhiviti romni. Gheorghe Asachi 1788-1869
3.
[Figures of Romanian Archivists. Gheorghe Asachi,
1788-1869], s. n., Bucharest.
13. ANRM, inv. 3, dosar 6411, f. 2 (verso).
14. Figuri de arhiviti romni. Gheorghe Asachi 1788 Sorescu, George: Viaa lui Gheorghe Asachi [Gheorghe
Asachis Life], 1970, Minerva Publishing House, s. l.
1869, 1969, s. n., Bucureti, p. 11.
15. George Sorescu: Viaa lui Gheorghe Asachi, 1970,
Editura Minerva, s. l., p. 41.
16. Figuri de arhiviti romni. Gheorghe Asachi 1788
1869, 1969, s. n., Bucureti, p. 10.
Report of the historian Stefan Metes to Iuliu Maniu concerning the state of the Transylvanian archives
The subject of this paper is part of a larger research dedicated to the life and activity of the historian Stefan Metes
(1887 1977) and is focused on a report made by the Director of the Cluj State Archives, addressed to Iuliu Maniu as
President of the Ministry Council. This report which is in fact a real documentary source shows the state of the
Transylvanian archives in the third decade of the 20th century, taken over by the Romanian authorities after the 1918
Unification and neglected by the previous Transylvanian establishment, dispersed or kept in inappropriate conditions. The
report also advocates for a regional headquarters of the Cluj Archives and for qualifying the staff for organizing, researching
and recovering the archival funds and documents.
Keywords: report, Iuliu Maniu, Stefan Metes, archives, activity, director
116
118
Directorul Arhivelor
Statului din Cluj
Mete (semntur)
Note:
120
Bibliography:
t e f a n T R I F ( S TA N C I U )
Old Spanish Books in the Catholic Fund of the Romanian Academy Library, Branch of Cluj Napoca (between the 16th and the 19th century)
From the perspective of the cultural history, the present study enhances the circulation of the Spanish book between
the 16th and 19th century, i.e. a peripheral type of cultural book for the modern Habsburg Empire. The study represents
the result of a research on the book fund written in Spanish located in the historical fund of one of the main Transylvanian
libraries: the Academy Library, branch of Cluj Napoca. Chronologically speaking, according to the number and the thematic
area of the Spanish books under investigation, the author analyses the Transylvanian elites interest in the culture, language,
and civilization of the remote Iberian area in the early modern and modern age.
122
Epitaio de un medico:
Ensee, no me escucharon
Escrib, no me leyeron
Cure mal, no me entendieron
Mat, no me castigaron
(lope de Vega)
Concluzii
Nu tim n ce msur prezena crilor spaniole, n
numr destul de mic comparativ cu celelalte publicaii
tiprite n limbile de circulaie contemporane lor (latin,
francez, german, maghiar, italian) au vreo legtur
cu reorganizarea bibliotecii de ctre iezuitul spaniol
Alfonso Carillo. Acesta, pe lng misiunea de convertire
la catolicism pe care o avea la Cluj i Alba Iulia18, era i
duhovnicul principelui Transilvaniei, Sigismund
Bthory19. tim c el s-a ocupat i de organizarea
bibliotecii colegiului iezuit din Cluj. Putem afirma dup
studierea acestui fond c, lucrrile publicate n sec. al
XVI-lea prezint o limb spaniol mult diferit, greu
accesibil n comparaie cu limba din sec. al XIX-lea,
mult mai evoluat i mai uor de tradus.
Domeniile pe care aceste cri le trateaz sunt
diverse i cuprind, n afar de sfera religioas bine
impregnat de propaganda catolic, variate genuri
literare, de la poezie, la fabule, epitafuri, romane, poezii
filosofice, ode, sonete. Prin coninut i tipul de
bibliotec n care au fost pstrate, crile prezentate se
nscriu n categoria publicaiilor cu caracter didactic.
Bnuim c achiziionarea acestor exemplare att de
diverse ca domenii, de la muzic pn la religie, s-a
realizat cu scopul de a mbogi cultura general a
elevilor i studenilor. Starea de conservare a acestor
cri, putem afirma excepional, ne arat atenia care
le-a fost acordat ca i faptul c ele erau pstrate mai
mult timp n bibliotec. Paginile sunt curate,
ex-librisurile sunt foarte puine i sunt dispuse cu o
oarecare discreie n pagin, ceea ce ne poate sugera, c
aceste cri au avut puini proprietari pn la ajungerea
lor la Cluj. Cu siguran, prezena lor n mediul educativ
catolic transilvan, sugereaz i un model de stabilitate
religioas. Ele erau aduse dintr-o ar n care catolicismul
era stabil comparativ cu alte regiuni europene unde
reformele religioase au luat amploare.
Cu toate c am identificat puine cri tiprite n
limba spaniol, prezena acestora indic existena
interesului din partea deintorilor lor, pentru obiceiurile
i cultura unei regiunii aflat la o distan considerabil
pentru acele timpuri. Este constatarea care ne
ndreptete s afirmm existena unor contacte
culturale ntre dou regiuni aflate la periferia Europei
intermediate de ctre biserica catolic.
<<<
124
Note:
125 >>>
C o r n e l TA TA I - B A l T , A n c a E l i s a b e t a TA TA y
Universitatea 1 Decembrie 1918 din Alba Iulia, Facultatea de Istorie i Filologie
1 Decembrie 1918 University of Alba Iulia, Faculty of History and Philology
Personal e mail: ctataibalta@yahoo.com, web: www.uab.ro
Representation of the Sunday of all Saints in the Romanian Icons on Wood, Book Xylographs and Icons on Glass (16th 19th Centuries)
The theme The Sunday of all Saints was seldom approached in the Romanian painting of icons, either on wood or on
glass. On the other hand, this topic frequently appeared in the graphics of religious books, from Wallachia (Bucharest,
Buzu, Rmnic), Moldavia (Iassy) and Transylvania (Blaj, Sibiu), in the form of xylographs, which more or less would
influence the way of accomplishing the wood painting and particularly the glass painting. The xylograph in Petru Movils
Kazanija (Homiletics), printed at Kiev in 1637, seems to have been the prototype for all the above mentioned works. This
study is meant to examine the representations of the illustration entitled the Sunday of all Saints executed in the above
mentioned techniques as well as the connections between them.
Keywords: icon on wood, xylograph, icon on glass, Kiev, Bucharest
126
Fig. 3. Ivan Bakov, 1678, Duminica tuturor sfinilor (xilogravur), Cheia nelesului, Bucureti, 1678.
127 >>>
128
Fig. 6. Petru P[apavici] T[ipograf], Duminica tuturor sfinilor (xilogravur), Penticostar, Blaj, 1768.
130
Fig. 9. Ioan Pop, 1834, Duminica tuturor sfinilor (icoan pe sticl), Almau Mare-Suseni, jud. Alba.
131 >>>
Fig. 10. Ioan Pop Zugrav, 1852, Duminica tuturor sfinilor (icoan pe sticl), Glod, jud. Alba.
132
Note:
Remarkable personality of the French Renaissance, Jacques Auguste de Thou (1553 1617), who dominated the
historiography of the end of the XVIth century, is present with his works in some important Transylvanian libraries.
Humanist, historian, magistrate and Parisian diplomat, moderate catholic, he edited his works with the entitled respect for
the facts and with tolerance towards religion. He was one of the trusted people of Henry the IVth. Well documented,
impartial, de Thou marked his value in Historia sui temporis (printed in Paris, between 1604 1608; forbidden in 1609; entails
events between 1543 1607, work that began in 1591. This work, a model of erudition and objectivity, deserves our full
attention also because it describes events that happened in our country between 1546 1560 and the victory of Mihai
Viteazul (Michael the Brave) in Clugreni in 1595. J. A. de Thou was also a remarkable bibliophile, inheritor of a part of
the rare book collection of Jean Grolier. The presence of his works in the Transylvanian libraries denotes the interest of
our intellectuals for the works of his French Renaissance historian as of the first half of the XVIIth century.
Keywords: Jacques Auguste de Thou, French Renaissance, historiography, Transylvania
<<<
134
136
Bibliography:
137 >>>
Universitatea 1 Decembrie 1918 din Alba Iulia, Centrul de Cercetri Istorice i Politologice
Iuliu Maniu
1st December 1918 University of Alba Iulia, Iuliu Maniu Historical and Politological Research
Center
Personal e mail: romannegoianamaria@yahoo.com
A historian of Eastern Europe. William Coxe and his book History of the House of Austria from 1807.
William Coxe is a leading English traveller and memorialist who in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth
century, published a series of books about Central and Eastern Europe. Born in London in 1747 and educated at Eton
College, William Coxe was able to visit on several occasions this geographical area, as guardian of some young men,
members of English aristocratic families. All his travels and experiences were published by the author in various papers,
most of them having a strong historical and memorialist character. His work History of the House of Austria, from The
Foundation Of The Monarchy by Rhodolph of Hapsburgh, The Death of Leopold The Second: 1218 ... to .. 1792 was
published in two volumes in London in 1807. The above mentioned book is William Coxes most important historical
work and, by its magnitude, paves the way for the Anglo Saxon historiography which systematically dealt with the Habsburg
Empire history . His book also contains original documents, though his own writing is of the dullest manner and shows
no higher qualities than those of the conscientious analyst. This paper aims to follow the manner in which the author and
the Anglo Saxon world perceived the political relations between the House of Habsburg and the Principality of Transylvania
in the early nineteenth century. In this first article, it shows some information about the author and this book.
Keywords: William Coxe, House of Habsburg, Transylvania, english historiography, the Habsburg reformism
138
http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw148661/WilliamCoxe?LinkID=m
p01077&role=sit&rNo=3
http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw01548/William Coxe
139 >>>
140
142
Bibliography:
libreria Piccolomini
Mircea-Alexandru GlIGOR
The Piccolomini Library was built in the left nave in front of the transept of the Santa Maria Assunta Cathedral of
Siena. Built in 1492, this monumental room is one of the trademarks of both Siena and Pope Pius III, honoring the life
and work of Enea Silvio Piccolomini (the Humanist Pope Pius II). The monumental room was erected in 1492. Ten years
later, a contract was stipulated between the Cardinal Francesco Tedeschini Piccolomini (Pope Pius III) and Pinturicchio
who was entrusted with decorating the Library. After the sudden death of Pope Pius III, on October 18, 1503, his nephews,
Andrea and Giacomo, respected his will and finished the Library. However, the collection of books left behind by Pope
Pius II that were supposed to be destined for the Piccolomini Library, never actually arrived in Siena. The iconography
depicted by Pinturicchio with the help of Amico Aspertini and a young Raffaello Sanzio contradicts the initial purpose of
this space and it is far from being similar to its contemporary or future libraries, resembling more the medieval capitulary
libraries, annexed to the northern flank of the cathedrals, far less impressive in size in comparison to the Piccolomini
Library. The entire look of the library is more akin to that of a chapel. This is juxtaposed, however, with the frescoes on
the walls which depict the life and work of Piccolomini. With their antique rather than religious nature, they contribute to
the overall uniqueness of the entire space, mirroring the complex personality and life of Pope Pius II.
Keywords: Libreria Piccolomini, Santa Maria Assunta di Siena, Pius II, Pinturicchio, Enea Silvio Piccolomini
144
libreria Piccolomini
Libreria Piccolomini a fost de fapt ultimul mare
proiect din interiorul Catedralei. E adevrat, Pavimentul
decorat n mozaic, a fost finalizat de abia spre sfritul
secolului al XIX-lea, ns fusese nceput cu secole
naintea construirii Bibliotecii.
Biblioteca numit impropriu Libreria, fiindc nu
a funcionat niciodat cu acest scop a fost ridicat pe
flancul stng al Catedralei Santa Maria Assunta de ctre
nepotul lui Pius al II-lea, Francesco Tedeschini
Piccolomini, devenit la rndul su Papa Pius al III-lea.
Pe 29 octombrie 1502, printr-un contract semnat la
Roma, se stipula nceperea unei colaborri ntre
comanditarul, Cardinal Francesco Tedeschini
Piccolomini i pictorul umbru, Bernardino di Betto, zis
Pinturicchio, pentru decorarea unei biblioteci n care
urmau s fie depuse crile din vasta colecie lsat
motenire de ctre Papa Pius al II-lea. Dup moartea lui
Pius al III-lea, Pap pentru doar cteva sptmni, fraii
si, Andrea i Giacomo, au hotrt s finalizeze proiectul
de decorare n maniera pe care i-ar fi dorit-o Francesco
Piccolomini11. Pinturicchio a realizat friza de fresce ntre
1503 i 1508, cu cteva mici ntreruperi, fiind influenat
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Libreria Piccolomini
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Fresca III. Enea Silvio Piccolomini, ncoronat poet de ctre mpratul Frederic al III-lea la Aachen
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Fresca V. Enea Silvio, Episcop al Sienei, o prezint pe Eleonora dAragona mpratului Frederic al III-lea
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