CUPRINS

CAPITOLUL I
ACTELE PARLAMENTULUI N ROMNIA
SECIUNEA
SECIUNEA
SECIUNEA
SECIUNEA
SECIUNEA

I Legile ....3
II Hotrrile parlamentare......9
III Moiunile........10
IV Actele exclusiv politice ale Parlamentului..........12
V Ordonanele Guvernului.......13

CAPITOLUL II
INIIATIVA LEGISLATIV I DEZBATEREA PARLAMENTAR
SECIUNEA I Iniiativa legislativ17
SECIUNEA II Examinarea i avizarea proiectelor de lege de ctre
comisiile
parlamentare...........................................................30
SECIUNEA III Dezbaterea proiectelor sau propunerilor legislative n plenul
Camerelor
Parlamentare..........................................32

CAPITOLUL III
VOTAREA, PROMULGAREA I INTRAREA N VIGOARE A LEGILOR
SECIUNEA I Votarea proiectelor sau propunerilor legislative35
SECIUNEA II Promulgarea legii de ctre preedinte...38
SECIUNEA III Intrarea n vigoare a legii..40

CAPITOLUL I
ACTELE PARLAMENTULUI N ROMNIA

In genere, constituiile nu-i propun s defineasc instituia

parlamentar, preocupndu-se ndeosebi de modul cum este organizat i
cum funcioneaz ca autoritate a statului.
Conform art. 61, alin. 1 din Constituie Parlamentul este organul
reprezentativ suprem al poporului romn i unica autoritate legiuitoare a
rii.
n complexul sistem de autoriti statale, Parlamentul se nfieaz
ntr- o contrapondere fa de Guvern, constituind totodat i autoritatea de
directivare i control asupra activitii executive.
Aadar, Parlamentul este instituia juridic i politic format din
una sau dou adunri ori CAMERE,fiecare compus dintr-un numar diferit
de membri (deputai, senatori ),care se bucur de anumite imunitai, avnd
drept de control asupra autoritilor executive i fiind unica autoritate
legislativa din stat.
Parlamentele contemporane sunt formate fie dintr-o singur Camer ,
fie din dou Camere. Cele formate dintr-o singur Camer sunt Parlamente
cu structur cameral, cele formate din dou Camere sunt Parlamente cu
structur bicameral.
n general, structura Parlamentului este determinat de sistemul de
stat; astfel ntr-un stat federal este obligatorie existena n cadrul
Parlamentului i a unei Camere care s apere i s reglementeze interesele
statelor membre, pe cnd cealalt Camer e format din reprezentanii
statului federal. Sunt ns i state unitare care au Parlamente bicamerale, de

exemplu: Italia, Belgia,Spania,Japonia,Marea Britanie,Romania.

In Romania potrivit art.61 alin.2 din Constitutie,Parlamentul este alcatuit din
Camera Deputatilor si Senat.
Parlamentul poate adopta acte cu caracter juridic i acte cu caracter
exclusiv politic.
SECIUNEA 1
LEGILE
Potrivit art.67 din Constituie,Camera Deputailor i Senatul adopt
legi, hotrri i moiuni, art.73 alin.1 stipulnd c Parlamentul adopt legi
constituionale, legi organice i legi ordinare.
Este necesar prezentarea conceptului de ,,lege. Acest termen este
folosit n dou accepiuni i anume :n sens larg ( lato senso) se are n vedere
orice act normativ i n sens restrns (stricto senso), se are n vedere actul
juridic al organului legiuitor. Delimitarea este necesar n vederea ierarhizrii
izvoarelor de drept a explicrii supremaiei legii i argumentrii acesteia. De
obicei, n denumirea legii se are n vedere coninutul actului normativ i
procedura de adoptare. Au fost date diverse definiii termenului ,,lege,
majoritatea autorilor surprinznd criteriul formal i mai puin pe cel formal
( coninutul normativ al legii).
O definiie care reuete s acopere i s rspund necesitilor
determinate att de criteriul material ct i de cel formal, este format de
prof. I. Muraru.
Autorul precizeaz c legea este actul juridic al Parlamentului,
elaborat n conformitate cu Constituia i potrivit unei proceduri prestabilite
i care exprimnd voina i interesele poporului, reglementeaz relaiile
sociale cele mai generale i importante.1
Legea este n exclusivitate emanaia unicului organ legiuitor, conform
cu dispoziiile constituionale i elaborat dup o procedur prestabilit chiar

prin legea fundamental.

Parlamentul adopt legea n vederea reglementrii celor mai
importante relaii sociale, de aici rezultnd faptul c nu toate relaiile sociale
vor fi reglementate de lege, rmnnd astfel ca relaiile sociale de mai mic
importan s fie reglementate prin acte normative subordonate legii
( hotrri, ordine)2.
________________________________________________________
1 I MURARU, Drept Constituional i Instituii politice,Edit. Proarcadia, Bucuresti ,pag.128
2 I RUSU, Drept constituional i instituii politice, Edit. Lumina lex, Bucureti, 2004, pag.463

CLASIFICAREA LEGILOR
Majoritatea sistemelor de drept clasific legile n constituionale,
organice i ordinare
Astfel, Constituia francez din 1958 a dispus c anumite materii vor fi
obligatoriu reglementate de legile organice, iar procedura de elaborare a acestora
difer de a legilor ordinare.
Conform dispoziiilor art. 73, pct. 2 din Constituie, legile
constituionale sunt cele de revizuire a legii fundamentale.
Legile organice reglementeaz anumite domenii prevzute de
Constituie n mod limitativ. Ele se adopt cu votul majoritii membrilor
fiecrei Camere parlamentare ( majoritatea absolut).
Astfel prin lege organic se reglementeaz:
a) sistemul electoral, organizarea i funcionarea Autoritii Electorale
Permanente;
b) organizarea, funcionarea i finanarea partidelor politice;
c) statutul deputailor i al senatorilor, stabilirea indemnizaiei i a
celorlalte drepturi ale acestora;
d) organizarea i desfurarea referendumului;
e) organizarea Guvernului i a Consiliului Suprem de Aprare a rii;
f)

regimul strii de mobilizare parial sau total a forelor armate i al

strii de rzboi;

g) regimul strii de asediu i al strii de urgen;

h) infraciunile, pedepsele i regimul executrii acestora;
i)

acordarea amnistiei sau a graierii colective;

j)

statutul funcionarilor publici;

k) contenciosul administrativ;
l)

organizarea i funcionarea Consiliului Superior al Magistraturii,a

instanelor judectoreti ,a Ministerului Public i a Curii de Conturi;

m) regimul juridic general al proprietii i al motenirii;
n) organizarea general a nvmntului ;
o) organizarea administraiei publice locale, a teritoriului, precum i
regimul general privind autonomia local;
p) regimul general privind raporturile de munc,
sindicatele,patronatele,precum i protecia social;
q) statutul minoritilor naionale n Romnia;
r) regimul general al cultelor;
s) celelalte domenii pentru care n Constituie se prevede adoptarea de
legi organice.
Relaiile sociale de importan deosebit cad n reglementarea
legilor organice,cele care se refer,de exemplu, la: asigurarea garaniilor
executrii drepturilor i libertilor fundamentale ale cetenilor,asigurarea
pluralismului politic, aprarea siguranei naionale i ntrirea suveranitii
statului, asigurarea ordinei interne,a legalitii,rspunderea tuturor
structurilor, a autoritilor administrative i a funcionarilor acestora,
protecia proprietii, etc.3
n toate celelalte domenii ale vieii sociale, Parlamentul adopt
legi ordinare,cu votul majoritii membrilor prezeni din fiecare Camer
(majoritate simpl).Este necesar ca fiecare camer s existe cvorumul legal,
adic s fie prezeni majoritatea membrilor, fr de care nu se pot adopta
acte juridice.

_____________________________________________________________
3 ION RUSU, op. cit., pag.465

SUPREMATIA LEGII
Majoritatea cercetarilor din domeniul dreptului constitutional au inteles
suprematia legii fata de celelalte acte normative ca fiind trasatura definitorie a
acesteia, ea fiind emanatia Parlamentului si conforma cu dispozitiile constitutionale.
Suprematia legii se fundamenteaza pe urmatoarele principii:
-principiul deplinatatii si suveranitatii puterii de stat;
-principiul pozitiei dominante a Parlamentului in organizarea sistemului
statal ;
-principiul functiilor legii in oglindirea vointei poporului ca vointa general
obligatorie.
Legile referendum sunt adoptate prin referendum. nseamn c dup
ce se parcurge toat procedura specific, trebuie organizat referendum
pentru aprobarea legii.
Referendumul este reglementat de Constituie i n art. 151 pentru
proiectele ori propunerile de revizuire a legii fundamentale. Astfel,
revizuirea este definitiv dupa aprobarea ei prin referendum,organizat n

cel mult 30 zile de la data adoptrii proiectului sau propunerii.

Aceast reglementare este urmarea stipulrii i interpretrii
prevederilor art. 2, alin. 1 din Constituie potrivit crora Suveranitatea
naional aparine poporului romn care o exercit prin organele sale
reprezentative i prin referendum.
Parlamentul fiind unica autoritate legiuitoare a rii, exercit
aceast funcie sub controlul poporului. Acest control apare cu ocazia
referendumului, cnd electoratul decide s aprobe legea votat n
Parlament. Dac n urma referendumului nu se nregistreaz majoritatea
simpl, legea nu este aprobat.4

ADOPTAREA PROIECTELOR SAU PROPUNERILOR

LEGISLATIVE N PROCEDUR DE URGEN
Conform dispoziiilor art. 76, alin.3 din Constituie, la cererea
Guvernului sau din proprie iniiativ, Parlamentul poate adopta proiecte de
legi sau propuneri legislative n procedur de urgen, stabilit potrivit
regulamentului fiecrei Camere.
Cererea Guvernului i propunerile Biroului Permanent sau ale grupurilor
parlamentare se supun aprobrii Camerei n ziua nregistrrii sau, dac
parlamentarii nu se afl n plen, n prima edin care urmeaz zilei d
nregistrare a acestora.
Hotrrea este actul juridic prin care se stabilesc msurile privind
organizarea i funcionarea intern a Camerelor.
Din cuprinsul art. 76, alin. 1 i 2 al Constituiei, rezult c pe lng

legi, Camerele adopt i hotrri.

Hotrrile pot avea caracter normativ sau caracter individual.
Dac legile organice i hotrrile privind regulamentele Camerelor
se adopt cu votul majoritii membrilor fiecrei Camere, legile ordinare i
celelalte hotrri se adopt cu votul majoritii membrilor prezeni din
fiecare Camer.
Un loc aparte l ocup hotrrile prin care se aprob regulamentele
de organizare i funcionare a Camerelor. De asemenea, conform art. 62,
alin. 2 din Constituie, Camera Deputailor i Senatul adopt cu votul
majoritii membrilor Regulamentul edinelor comune.
Regulamentele sunt acte normative i sunt supuse controlului de
HOTRRILE PARLAMENTARE

constituionalitate potrivit reglementrilor art. 146,

lit. C i 147 din legea fundamental.

________________________________________________________
4 ION RUSU , op. cit. pag 465
SECIUNEA 2

SECIUNEA 3
MOIUNILE
Moiunea exprim poziia Camerei ntr-o anumit problem de
politic intern sau extern.
Moiunea poate fi iniiat de cel puin 50 de deputai.
Pn la ncheierea dezbaterii unei moiuni, un deputat care a
semnat-o nu mai poate semna alte moiuni n aceeai problem.
Moiunile trebuie s fie motivate i se depun la preedintele
Camerei, n cursul edinelor publice.

Dup primirea moiunii, preedintele Camerei o comunic de

ndat Guvernului i o aduce la cunotina Camerei dup care dispune
afiarea ei la sediul Camerei Deputailor.
Preedintele Camerei stabilete data dezbaterii moiunii, care nu
poate
depi 6 zile de la nregistrarea acesteia,ntiinnd Guvernul n acest
sens.
Moiunile privind probleme de politic extern se supun dezbaterii
numai
nsoite de avizul comisiei pentru politic extern i cu consultarea
Ministerului Afacerilor Externe.
Dezbaterea moiunii se face cu respectarea dispoziiilor
regulamentului i se aprob cu votul majoritii deputailor prezeni.
Dup nceperea discutrii moiunii deputatii nu-i pot retrage
adeziunea la moiune, dezbaterea urmnd a se ncheia prin supunerea la
vot a moiunii de ctre preedintele Camerei.
La motiunile prezentate,nu pot fi propuse amendamente.
n cazul Senatului,moiunile pot fi iniiate de cel puin o ptrime
din numrul senatorilor. Etapele dezbaterii i votarea sunt similare cu
reglementrile din Regulamentul Camerei Deputailor.
Un loc aparte l ocup n Constituia Romniei moiunea de
cenzur.
Ea apare n raporturile dintre Parlament i Guvern, urmare a
controlului parlamentar asupra activitii Guvernului.
Potrivit art.113 alin.2, moiunea de cenzur poate fi iniiat de
cel puin o ptrime din numrul total al deputailor i senatorilor i se
comunic Guvernului la data depunerii.
Moiunea de cenzur se dezbate dup 3 zile de la data cnd a
fost prezentat n edina comun a celor dou Camere.

Dac se adopt moiunea de cenzur cu votul majoritii

deputailor i senatorilor, se retrage ncrederea acordat Guvernului .
Dac moiunea de cenzur a fost respins, deputaii i senatorii
care au semnat-o nu mai pot iniia, n aceeai sesiune, o nou moiune
de cenzur, cu excepia cazului n care Guvernul i angajeaza
rspunderea potrivit art.114.
Conform reglementrilor art.114 din Constituie,Guvernul i
poate angaja rspunderea n edina comun a Camerei Deputailor i
Senatului, asupra unui program, a unei declaraii de politic general sau
a unui proiect de lege.
Guvernul este demis dac moiunea de cenzur depus n
termen de 3 zile de la prezentarea programului, a declaraiei de politic
general sau a proiectului de lege, a fost votat.
Dac Guvernul nu a fost demis, proiectul de lege prezentat se
consider adoptat, programul sau declaraia de politic general
devenind obligatorii pentru Guvern.

SECIUEA 4
ACTELE EXCLUSIV POLITICE ALA PARLAMENTULUI
Organul reprezentativ suprem nu adopt numai acte cu
caracter
juridic, ci i acte exclusiv politice.
Nu sunt prevzute de legea fundamental,ns sunt adoptate
n practica parlamentar. Este vorba de unele manifestri de voin care
se refer la anumite evenimente internationale i este nevoie ca n
calitate de organ reprezentativ suprem Parlamentul s i expun poziia.
Cu alte cuvinte, prin actele exclusiv politice, Parlamentul ia o
atitudine n domeniul politicii externe. Astfel de acte exclusiv politice sunt:

apelul, mesajul i declaraia.

Chiar dac nu produc efecte juridice, prin faptul c provin de la
autoritatea cea mai nalt din sistemul statal, se bucur de prestigiu i
influen att pe plan intern ct i extern.

SECIUNEA 5
ORDONANELE GUVERNULUI
Conform dispoziiilor art.108 alin.1 din Constituie, Guvernul adopt
hotrri i ordonane.
Hotrrea este actul juridic potrivit cruia Guvernul i exercit rolul
su de a asigura conform programului de guvernare aprobat de
Parlament, realizarea politicii interne i externe i exercitarea conducerii
generale a administraiei publice.
Aadar,prin hotrre se asigur organizarea executrii legilor,aa
cum stipuleaz i prevederile art. 108 alin. 2 din Constituie.
Potrivit dispoziiilor art. 115 alin. 1 din legea fundamental,
Parlamentul poate adopta o lege special de abilitare a Guvernului pentru
a emite ordonane n domenii care nu fac obiectul legilor organice. 5
Titlul art. 115 este ,,delegarea legislativ cu alte cuvinte
Ordonanele sunt actele juridice ale Guvernului n urma mputernicirii
acestuia de ctre Parlament s emit norme cu caracter primar avnd
fora juridic a legii.
Printr-o analiz a textului constituional, se constat c
Parlamentul nu poate delega competenta sa legislativ specific
domeniilor legilor organice. Deci obiectul Ordonanelor nu trebuie s
priveasc domeniile si problemele stipulate n art.73 alin. 3 din legea
fundamental sau de alte dispoziii care permit adoptarea de legi
organice.

11

_________________________________________________________________________
5 ION RUSU , op. cit., pag.470

ndeplinirea atribuiilor delegate de ctre Parlament n temeiul legii

speciale de abilitare, nu este facultativ pentru Guvern.
Legea de abilitare stabileste,in mod obligatoriu,domeniul si data pana la care
se pot emite Ordonante de catre Guvern.
Dac legea de abilitare o cere, ordonanele se supun aprobrii
Parlamentului, potrivit procedurii legislative, pn la mplinirea termenului
de abilitare. Nerespectarea termenului atrage ncetarea efectelor
ordonanei.
Un regim aparte l prezint Ordonanele de Urgen care, conform
prevederilor art. 115 alin. 4 din Constituie, pot fi adoptate de Guvern
numai n situaii extraordinare.
Am adugat termenul numai i am subliniat tocmai pentru a reliefa
situaia deosebit pe care legiuitorul constituant o evoc i posibilitatea
Guvernului de a interveni cu acest act normativ. Se prevede c
Ordonanele de Urgen intr n vigoare numai dup depunerea lor spre
aprobare la Parlament, iar dac aceasta nu se afl n sesiune, se
convoac n mod obligatoriu.
Prin urmare ntr-o interpretare riguroas rezult c ordonanele de
urgen pot reglementa i relaii sociale n domenii specifice legii organice.
Este necesar s insistm asupra conceptului cazuri excepionale
pentru c din pcate zecile de ordonane de urgen adoptate de cele
dou guvernri n cei zece ani de democraie nu au scos n eviden
necesitatea acestor cazuri excepionale. Mai mult, pericolul ca ele s nu
fie aprobate de Parlament conduce la urmri grave ncetarea producerii
efectelor juridice i de aici,interpretarea instabilitii legislaiei romneti.

Analiznd textul legii fundamentale, observm c nu precizeaz ce se

nelege prin cazuri excepionale, de aceea Guvernul a i adoptat n
anumite perioade de timp un important numr de ordonane de urgen .
S-a diminuat astfel rolul Parlamentului de unic autoritate
legiuitoare a rii. Este adevrat ns,c i Parlamentul nu a dezbtut n
regim de urgen aceste ordonane,aa cum l oblig prevederea
constituional a art. 114 alin.4, teza a 3-a.
Dei textul constituional nu prevede un termen de dezbatere a
ordonanelor de urgen,pn la o eventuala revizuire a Constituiei
opinm c n regulamentele de organizare i funcionare ale Camerelor ar
putea fi prevzut acest termen.6
Se constat c revizuirea constituional din 2003 a vizat i
ordonanele de urgen. Astfel,conform art.115 alin.4 Guvernul poate
adopta ordonane de urgene numai n situaii extraordinare a cror
reglementare nu poate fi amnat, avnd obligaia de a motiva urgena n
cuprinsul acestora.
Ordonana de urgen intr n vigoare numai dup depunerea sa spre
dezbatere n procedur de urgen la Camera competent s fie sesizat
i dup publicarea ei n Monitorul Oficial al Romniei. Camerele, dac nu
se afl n sesiune,se convoac n mod obligatoriu n 5 zile de la depunere
sau,dup caz de la trimitere.
Dac n termen de cel mult 30 zile de la depunere,camera sesizat
nu
se pronun asupra ordonantei, aceasta este considerat adoptat i
se trimite celeilalte camere care decide asemenea n procedur de
urgen.
Ordonana de urgent cuprinznd norme de natura legii organice se
aprob cu majoritatea prevzut la art.76 alin.1.
Ordonanele de urgen nu pot fi adoptate n domeniul legilor

13

constituionale,nu pot afecta regimul instituiilor fundamentale ale

statului, drepturile, libertile i ndatoririle prevzute de Constituie,
drepturile electorale i nu pot viza msuri de trecere silit a unor bunuri n
proprietate public .
Ordonanele cu care Parlamentul a fost sesizat se aprob sau se
resping printr-o lege n care vor fi cuprinse i ordonanele ale cror efecte
au ncetat
potrivit alin.( 3 ). al art. 115.
Prin legea de aprobare sau de respingere se vor reglementa,dac
este cazul, msurile necesare cu privire la efectele juridice produse pe
perioada de aplicare a ordonanei.

________________________________________________________
6 ION RUSU, Drept Constituional, Edit. Lumina Lex, Bucureti, 2001, pag.461

CAPITOLUL II
INIIATIVA LEGISLATIV I DEZBATEREA PARLAMENTAR
Legiferarea reprezint adoptarea legilor,dup o procedur prevzut de
Constituie i regulamentele parlamentare. Orice procedur reprezint un
algoritm sau o succesiune de operaiuni.

SECIUNEA I
INIIATIVA LEGISLATIV
Potrivit art. 74,alin.1 din Constituie, iniiativa legislativ aparine
Guvernului, deputailor, senatorilor, precum i unui numr de cel puin
100.000 de ceteni cu drept de vot. Cetenii care i manifest dreptul la
iniiativ legislativ, trebuie s provin din cel puin un sfert din judeele

rii, iar n fiecare din aceste judee sau n municipiul Bucureti trebuie s fie
nregistrate cel puin 5000 de semnturi,n sprijinul acestei iniiative.
Abia n martie 2000 s-a adoptat Legea nr.24 privnd normele de tehnic
legislativ pentru elaborarea actelor normative,ncercndu-se,n
sfrit,instaurarea unei ordini n acest important domeniu i abrogndu-se
Decretul 16/1976 privind aprobarea Metodologiei generale de tehnic
legislativ.
Se prevede c reglementarea relaiilor sociale prin lege i prin
celelalte categorii de acte normative se realizeaz cu respectarea principiilor
generale de legiferare proprii sistemului dreptului romnesc.
Legea dispune c actele normative se iniiaz, se elaboreaz, se
adopt i se aplic n conformitate cu prevederile legii fundamentale a
Romniei, precum i cu principiile ordinii de drept.
Tehnica legislativ asigur sistematizarea, unificarea i coordonarea
legislaiei, precum i coninutul i forma juridic adecvate pentru fiecare act
normativ, ndeplinind, astfel cerinele prevederilor art. 79 din Constituie.
Normele de tehnic legislativ definesc prile constitutive ale actului
normativ, structura, forma i modul de sistematizare a coninutului acestuia,
procedeele tehnice privind modificarea, completarea, abrogarea, publicarea
i republicarea actelor normative, precum i limbajul i stilul actului
normativ.
Normele de tehnic legislativ sunt obligatorii la elaborarea
proiectelor de lege i a propunerilor legislative, n cadrul exercitrii iniiativei
legislative, la elaborarea i adoptare Ordonanelor i Hotrrilor Guvernului,
precum i la elaborarea i adoptarea actelor normative ale autoritii
administrative autonome.
Normele de tehnic legislativa se aplic n mod corespunztor i la
elaborarea i adoptarea proiectelor de ordine, instruciuni i de alte acte
normative emise de conductorii organelor administraiei publice centrale de

15

specialitate, precum i la elaborarea i adoptarea actelor cu caracter

normativ emise de autoritile administraiei publice locale. 7
Actele normative se elaboreaz n funcie de ierarhia lor, de
categoria acestora i de autoritatea public competent s le adopte.
Categoriile de acte normative i normele de competen privind
adoptarea acestora sunt stabilite prin Constituie i prin lege.
Actele normative date n executarea legilor, ordonanelor sau a
hotrrilor Guvernului se emit n limitele i potrivit normelor care le ordon.
Proiectele de legi se elaboreaz ca urmare a exercitrii, potrivit
Constituiei a dreptului de iniiativ legislativ.
Proiectele celorlalte categorii de acte normative se elaboreaz de
autoritile competente s le iniieze potrivit legii.
Proiectul de act normativ trebuie s instituie reguli necesare,
suficiente i posibile care s conduc la o ct mai mare stabilitate i eficien
legislativ.
Soluiile pe cate le cuprinde trebuie s fie temeinic fundamentate,
lundu-se n considerare interesul social, politica legislativ a statului romn
i cerinele corelrii cu ansamblul reglementrilor interne, precum i ale
armonizrii legislaiei naionale cu legislaia comunitar i cu tratatele
internaionale la care Romnia este parte.
____________________________________________________________
7 ION RUSU, op. cit. , pag.449

Pentru fundamentarea noii reglementri se va porni de la dezideratele

sociale prezente i de perspectiv, precum i de la insuficienele legislaiei n
vigoare.
Proiectele de acte normative se supun spre adoptare nsoite de o
expunere de motive, o not de fundamentare sau un referat de aprobare.
Proiectele de legi, propunerile legislative i celelalte proiecte de acte
normative se redacteaz n forma prescriptiv proprie normelor juridice. Prin

modul de exprimare, actul normativ trebuie s asigure dispoziiilor sale un

caracter obligatoriu. Dispoziiile cuprinse n actul normativ pot fi dup caz,
imperative, supletive, permisive, alternative, derogatorii, facultative,
tranzitorii, temporare, de recomandare sau alte asemenea; aceste situaii
trebuie s rezulte expres diredactarea normelor.
Textul legislativ trebuie s fie formulat clar, fluent i inteligibil, fr
dificulti sintactice i pasaje obscure sau echivoce.
Nu se folosesc termeni cu ncrctur afectiv. Forma i estetica
exprimrii nu trebuie s prejudicieze stilul juridic, precizia i claritatea
dispoziiilor. Legiuitorul constituant a prevzut Guvernul printre subiectele cu
drept de iniiativ legislativ, ca n majoritatea sistemelor constituionale.
Este firesc acest lucru deoarece structurile executive sunt cele care aplic i
execut dispoziiile legii. Or, cu ocazia aplicrii ( desigur cu condiia
interpretrii i aplicrii legale a dispoziiilor legii), se observ o insuficient
reglementare sau necesitatea unor noi reglementri n alte domenii.
Guvernul Romniei a adoptat Hotrrea 400/2000, prin care se
aprob Regulamentul privind procedurile pentru pregtirea, elaborarea,
avizarea i prezentarea proiectelor de acte normative care se nainteaz
Guvernului, precum i procedurile de supunere spre adoptare a acestora.8
Astfel, au dreptul s fac Guvernului propuneri de acte normative, n
conformitate cu atribuiile i cu domeniul lor de activitate, urmtoarele
autoriti publice:
- ministerele i celelalte organe de specialitate ale administraiei
publice centrale precum i celelalte autoriti publice cu drept de
iniiativ legislativ.
_____________________________________________________________
8 Legea nr 24/2000 a fost publicat n Monitorul Oficial nr 139/31.03.2000, iar HG nr 400/2000
a fost publicat n Monit. Oficial nr 268/14.06.2000

- prefecturile, consiliile judeene i Consiliul general al

Municipiului Bucureti, prin Ministerul Administraiei i Internelor.

17

Proiectele de acte normative, fcute de autoritile publice, se

elaboreaz, n funcie de importana i de complexitatea problemelor supuse
reglementrii, pe baza unor studii i lucrri de documentare aprofundate,
inclusiv de legislaie comparat urmrindu-se concordana reglementrilor
propuse cu Programul Guvernului.
n vederea elaborrii propunerilor de acte normative, la ministere i
celelalte organe de specialitate ale Administraiei publice centrale, se
constituie colective speciale. Colectivul se constituie prin ordin al
conductorului autoritii n componena acestuia fiind desemnat un
reprezentant al compartimentului juridic, un reprezentant al
compartimentului de integrare european, reprezentani ai Direciilor
corespunztoare profilului propunerilor de reglementare i secretarul general
al autoritii publice.
Colectivul ntocmete o prim form a proiectului de act normativ
care se prezint conductorului ministerului, respectiv al organului central de
specialitate iniiator, iar n lipsa persoanei desemnate prin ordin al acestuia.
Proiectul de act normativ, nsuit de catre conductorul ministerului sau
al organului de specialitate al administraiei publice centrale, iniiator, se
transmite, concomitent n copie ministerelor i altor autoriti publice
interesate, care au obligaia de a analiza i de a comunica ministerului
iniiator eventualele observaii i propuneri n termen de 10 zile de la
primire.
Dup obinerea punctelor de vedere din partea instituiilor care
avizeaz , iniiatorul definitiveaz proiectul de act normativ. La operaiunea
de definitivare, care se face de ctre colectivul desemnat pot participa i
reprezentani ai autoritilor care avizeaz.
n cazul n care ntre iniiator i cei care avizeaz exist puncte de
vedere diferite, proiectul de act normativ va fi avizat cu obiecii, care vor fi

anexate i prezentate n cadrul edinei Guvernului.

Proiectele de acte normative vor fi avizate din punct de vedere al
legalitii de Ministerul Justiiei, care ncheie succesiunea operaiunilor din
etapa de avizare.
Proiectele de acte normative se transmit Ministerului Justiiei n
original, mpreun cu o copie i numai dup obinerea avizelor autoritilor
publice interesate. Avizul Ministerului Justiiei nu este obligatoriu n cazul
Hotrrilor Guvernului cu caracter individual ce au ca obiect numiri i
revocri din funcie, stabilirea unor date, precum i aprobarea de indicatori
tehnico-economici de investiii, care sunt avizate din punct de vedere al
legalitii de Secretariatul General al Guvernului.9
n cazul acordurilor, conveniilor i altor nelegeri internaionale, care
se supun Parlamentului, spre ratificare, de ctre Guvern,sau pentru care
competenta de aprobare revine potrivit legii,Guvernului proiectul de act
normativ trebuie s fie nsoit de textul actului internaional n limba
originar i n traducere oficial sau autorizat.
Textele actelor normative cu caracter internaional ce se supun
ratificrii sau aprobrii, se vor tampila pe care fiecare pagin, iar pe ultima
pagin se vor meniona explicit numele i prenumele persoanelor semnatare
i se va atesta, prin semntura persoanei autorizate i prin aplicarea
tampilei, conformitatea documentului cu originalul.
Secretariatul General al Guvernului va solicita ndat urmtoarele
avize:
a)

avizul Consiliului Legislativ, care urmeaz s fie emis,

potrivit legii, n termenul solicitat de Guvern, care nu poate fi mai mic

de :
- 24 ore pentru proiectele de ordonan de urgen;
- 2 zile pentru proiectele de legi care urmeaz s fie transmise
Parlamentului cu solicitarea dezbaterii n procedur de urgen;

19

- 10 zile pentru celelalte proiecte de acte normative;

b)

avizul Consiliului Economic i Social, n cazul proiectelor de acte

normative care privesc domeniile prevzute la art.5 din legea nr.
109/1997, privind organizarea i funcionarea Consiliului
Economic i Social, care urmeaz s fie emis, potrivit legii n
termen de :

_____________________________________________________________
9 ION RUSU, op. cit. , pag.452
Proiectele de acte normative avizate se transmit de iniiator, tampilate pe fiecare fil,
Secretariatului General al Guvernului.

- 10 zile calendaristice de la primirea solicitrii, n cazul proiectelor

de hotrri, de ordonane i de legi ordinare;
- 20 zile calendaristice de la primirea solicitrii, n cazul proiectelor
de legi organice.
Secretariatul General al Guvernului va verifica ndeplinirea condiiilor
de form pentru fiecare proiect de act normativ, inclusiv respectarea
normelor de tehnic legislativ, prevzut de Legea nr 24/2000 i va
ntocmi, n acest sens o not.
Autoritile publice i dup caz Secretariatul General al Guvernului
sunt obligate n termenele i condiiile stabilite prin Legea nr 73/1993,
pentru nfiinarea, organizarea i funcionarea Consiliului Legislativ, s
furnizeze Consiliului Legislativ informaiile i documentele necesare
privind avizarea proiectelor de acte normative.
Secretariatul General al Guvernului transmite iniiatorului:
a)

avizul Consiliului Legislativ;

b)

avizul Consiliului Economic i Social;

c)

not cuprinznd observaiile formulate de Secretariatul

General al Guvernului, dac este cazul.

nainte de nceperea dezbaterilor sau n cursul acestora, iniiatorii pot
solicita primului ministru, motivat, retragerea sau amnarea proiectelor de acte

normative aflate pe ordinea de zi.

Decizia Guvernului cu privire la fiecare proiect de acte normative,
luata ca urmare a rezultatului dezbaterilor, este marcat prin anunul
primului ministru privind adoptarea, amnarea, respingerea sau retragerea
acestuia, dup caz.10
Dup edina Guvernului, Secretariatul General al Guvernului va
proceda la:
a)

definitivarea actului normativ adoptat, pe baza formei

refcute transmise de iniiator, verificnd verificarea celor
stabilite n edina Guvernului;

________________________________________________
10 ION RUSU, op. cit. , pag. 454

b)

prezentarea actului normativ adoptat primului ministru,

n vederea semnrii, i minitrilor conductori ai ministerelor care

urmeaz s aplice acel act normativ, n vederea contrasemnrii.
Contrasemnarea unui act normativ adoptat de Guvern este
obligatorie n termen de cel mult 24 ore de la data semnrii lui
de
ctre primul ministru;
c)

numerotarea actelor normative n cadrul anului

calendaristic, actele guvernului poart data edinei Guvernului n

care acestea au fost adoptate;
d)

transmiterea ctre secretarul general al Camerei

Deputailor, cu solicitarea publicrii n Monitorul Oficial al Romniei, a

ordonanelor i hotrrilor Guvernului, mpreun cu notele de
fundamentare ale acestora, semnate de ministrul sau de minitrii
iniiatori. Sunt exceptate de la publicare hotrrile Guvernului care
intr sub incidena prevederilor art. 108, alin. 4, ultima tez din

21

Constituia Romniei, care se comunic numai instituiilor interesate;

e)

transmiterea la Senat sau la Camera Deputailor, dup

caz, a
ordonanelor i a ordonanelor de urgen ale Guvernului,
nsoite de expunerile de motive ale proiectelor de legi pentru
aprobarea acestora i de hotrrile de adoptare, semnate de primul
ministru;
f)

transmiterea la Senat sau la Camera Deputailor, dup

caz, a proiectelor de legi, nsoite de expunerile de motive ale

acestora i de hotrrile de supunere a lor spre adoptare, semnate de
primul-ministru.
n vederea publicrii n Monitorul Oficial al Romniei, iniiatorul sau
iniiatorii, dup caz, au obligaia s transmit Secretariatului General al
Guvernului imediat dup adoptare, mpreun cu actul normativ i nota
de fundamentare. Aceasta trebuie s fie semnat numai de
conductorul/ conductorii autoritilor publice iniiatoare i s se refere
la forma final a actului normativ, precum i la avizul Consiliului
Legislativ.
Proiectele de acte normative crora li s-au adus modificri de
fond ca urmare a discutrii i aprobrii lor n edina Guvernului, vor fi
supuse unor noi avizri a Consiliului Legislativ.
n cazul n care ca urmare a noii avizri de ctre Consiliul
Legislativ, este necesar operarea unor modificri de fond, proiectul de
act normativ va fi repus, n mod obligatoriu pe ordinea de zi a edinei
Guvernului.
Guvernul i exercit iniiativa legislativ prin transmiterea
proiectului de lege ctre Camera competent s l adopte ca prima
camer sesizat.
Propunerile legislative se supun dezbaterii mai nti Camerei

competente s le adopte ca prima Camer sesizat. Se supun spre

dezbatere i adoptare Camerei Deputailor, ca prima Camer sesizat,
proiectele de legi i propunerile legislative pentru ratificarea tratatelor
sau a altor acorduri internaionale i a msurilor legislative ce rezult din
aplicarea acestor tratate i acorduri.
Celelalte proiecte de lege sau propuneri legislative se supun dezbaterii i
adoptrii ca prima Camer sesizat , Senatului.
Proiectele de legi se nainteaz Camerelor nsoite de avizul
Consiliului Legislativ.
Adoptarea cu responsabilitate i n concordan cu reglementrile
constituionale ale art.79, a proiectelor de lege i ordonane, desigur c
ar fi nlturat haosul legislativ de astzi.11
La aceast stare legislativ necorespunztoare a Romniei a
contribuit i prevederea art. 4, alin. 2 din Legea nr 73/1993, pentru
nfiinarea, organizarea i funcionarea Consiliului Legislativ, potrivit
creia avizul organului de specialitate al Parlamentului are caracter
consultativ n ceea ce privete proiectele de ordonan i hotrre cu
caracter normativ supuse spre adoptarea Guvernului.
Reglementarea art. 4, alin. 2, din Legea 73/1993, este
neconstituional.12
Cum poate fi asigurat concordana cu Constituia a
reglementrilor din aceste proiecte dac Guvernul nu este obligat s
in seama de avizul Consiliului Legislativ, organul de specialitate al
unicei autoriti legiuitoare a rii?
Cum s se realizeze cerinele prevzute de art.3 alin. 3, din legea
anterior menionat, privind nlturarea contradiciilor sau necorelrilor
dintre prevederile proiectelor, dac avizul este consultativ?
Aceeai problem privind caracterul consultativ al avizului dei este
de specialitate apare i n reglementarea Legii nr 24/2000, privind

23

normele de tehnic legislativ. Se face o grav confuzie punndu-se

semnul de egalitate ntre natura juridic a Consiliului Legislativ, ca organ
consultativ de specialitate al Parlamentului i natura juridic a avizului
acestui organ.
Dac nu este obligat s se conformeze avizului Consiliului
Legislativ, cum poate Guvernul s rspund politic numai n faa
Parlamentului pentru ntreaga sa activitate, potrivit art. 108, alin. 1, din
Constituie, deci i pentru activitatea de organizarea executrii
legilor?13
Potrivit reglementrilor constituionale nu pot face obiectul
iniiativei legislative a cetenilor problemele fiscale, cele cu caracter
internaional, amnistia i graierea. Se excepteaz aceste domenii
pentru c cetenii nu pot s cunoasc dimensiunile politicii fiscale,
multiplele probleme internaionale i complexitatea politicii naionale n
aceste domenii. n ce privete amnistia i graierea, cetenii nu pot s
tie evoluia la un moment dat a situaiei, iniiativa popular fiind sub
semnul oportunitii ei. De aceea, Curtea
Constituional, potrivit prevederilor art. 146, lit. J, verific
ndeplinirea condiiilor pentru exercitarea iniiativei legislative de ctre
ceteni. Prin urmare, n cazul propunerilor legislative iniiate de
ceteni, preedintele camerei, nainte de

Romniadistribuirea

lor i

sesizarea n fond a Comisiei Permanente competente , va solicita Curii

Constituionale verificarea ndeplinirii condiiilor constituionale pentru
exercitarea iniiativei legislative.
Ca i n cazul exercitrii iniiativei legislative de ctre parlamentari,
propunerea legislativ ce face obiectul iniiativei legislative a cetenilor
trebuie s aib forma proiectului de lege. De aceea ea nu rmne numai n
stadiu de propunere sau
_________________________________________________________
11 I RUSU- Drept Constituional i Instituii politice, edit. Lumina Lex, Bucureti, 2004,

pag 456
12 I RUSU Consideraii privind natura juridic i efectele avizului Consiliului Legislativ
din
13- I RUSU Drept administartiv, Edit. Lumina Lex, Bucureti, 2001, pag.94

enunare ori revendicare oarecare, ci trebuie s devin un proiect de

lege, s aib o expunere de motive, textul normativ s fie organizat pe
articole, capitole etc, s aib avizul Consiliului Legislativ.
Dac iniiativa legislativ a parlamentarilor sau a cetenilor
implic modificarea prevederilor bugetului de stat sau al bugetului
asigurrilor sociale
de stat, trebuie s fie nsoite i de avizul Guvernului. Proiectele de legi
elaborate de Guvern, i propunerile legislative ale cetenilor pot fi transmise
Camerei Deputailor sau Senatului, pe cnd cele iniiate de parlamentari se
depun la Camera unde au fost prezentate. Are loc sesizarea Parlamentului i
declanarea procedurii parlamentare pentru adoptarea lor.14

SECIUNEA II
EXAMINAREA I AVIZAREA PROIECTELOR DE LEGE DE CTRE
COMISIILE PARLAMENTARE

Toate proiectele i propunerile legislative se nregistreaz n

ordinea prezentrii lor i sunt aduse la cunotina Camerei, n prima
edin prin anunarea titlului, a iniiatorului i a comisiilor sesizate
pentru examinarea n fond i pentru avizare.
Ele se imprim i se distribuie de ndat, fiind trecute pe ordinea
de zi.
Proiectele i propunerile legislative, se transmit sub semntura
preedintelui Camerei, spre dezbatere i avizare comisiilor permanente
competente.

25

Examinarea proiectelor i propunerilor legislative se poate face i

la cererea altei comisii care se consider competent.
Iniiatorul proiectului sau al propunerii legislative poate s i
retrag proiectul sau propunerea pn la nceperea dezbaterilor generale,
cu aprobarea plenului.
__________________________________________________________
14 IULIAN TEODOROIU Drept Constituional i Instituii politice contemporane , vol II, Edit.
Syili

Bucureti, 2001, pag. 89

n cazul n care proiectul sau propunerea legislativ a fost

adoptat de Camera Deputailor, retragerea nu mai poate fi fcut din
momentul sesizrii Senatului.
Dup examinarea proiectului sau a propunerii legislative comisia
permanent sesizat n fond ntocmete un raport care va cuprinde
propuneri motivate cu privire la adoptarea sau, dup caz, modificarea ori
respingerea proiectului sau a propunerii legislative examinate.
Raportul se transmite Biroului permanent, care dispune i asigur
prin secretarul general al Camerei, difuzarea acestuia parlamentarilor,
Guvernului i iniiatorului, cu cel puin 3 zile lucrtoare nainte de data
dezbaterii n plen.

SECIUNEA III
DEZBATEREA PROIECTELOR SAU PROPUNERILOR LEGISLATIVE
N PLENUL CAMERELOR PARLAMENTARE
Dezbaterea n plenul Camerei are dou faze: dezbaterea
general i dezbaterea pe articole.
Proiectele i propunerile legislative avizate se supun dezbaterii
Camerei n succesiunea prevzut pe ordinea de zi aprobat de aceasta.
nscrierea pe ordinea de zi a proiectelor de lege, a propunerilor legislative se face

n cel mult 30 zile de la depunerea raportului Comisiei permanente sesizate n fond.

Amendamentele care implic modificarea bugetului de stat

sau a

bugetului asigurrilor sociale de stat se transmit de preedintele comisiei

sesizate n fond la Guvern, solicitndu-se punctul de vedere al acestuia. n
cazul n care Guvernul nu transmite un punct de vedere pn la data stabilit
de comisie, se consider c amendamentul a fost acceptat.
Concluziile examinrii amendamentelor se includ n raportul comisiei,
iar amendamentele se anexeaz la acesta.
Dezbaterea general a proiectului de lege sau a propunerii legislative
este precedat de prezentarea, de ctre iniiator, a motivelor care au condus
la promovarea proiectului, precum i a raportului comisiei permanente, de
ctre preedintele acesteia sau de un raportor desemnat de comisie.
Pentru dezbaterea general a proiectului sau a propunerii legislative,
fiecare grup parlamentar, poate s-i desemneze un singur reprezentant.
Preedintele Camerei d cuvntul reprezentanilor grupurilor parlamentare n
ordinea nscrierii. El poate propune Camerei limitarea timpului destinat
dezbaterii generale.
Iniiatorul proiectului sau al propunerii legislative are dreptul s ia
cuvntul nainte de ncheierea dezbaterii generale.
n faza dezbaterii generale a proiectului sau a propunerii legislative nu pot fi
propuse amendamente.
Dac prin raportul comisiei sesizate n fond se propune respingerea
proiectului, dup ncheierea dezbaterii generale, preedintele cere Camerei
s se pronune prin vot.
Camera trece la dezbaterea pe articole a proiectului sau a propunerii
legislative, cu modificrile propuse n raportul comisiei sesizate n fond.
La discutarea fiecrui articol, parlamentarii pot lua cuvntul pentru ai exprima punctul de vedere. De asemenea, va putea lua cuvntul i
reprezentantul Guvernului sau al iniiatorului. Preedintele Camerei poate

27

supune, spre aprobare, sistarea discuiilor la articolul dezbtut.

n cursul lurilor de cuvnt, amendamentele privind probleme de
redactare sau alte aspecte mai puin importante pot fi prezentate i oral.
Amendamentele trebuie s se refere la coninutul unui singur articol.
Discutarea articolelor ncepe cu amendamentele.
n mod excepional pot fi depuse amendamentele i n timpul
dezbaterilor n plen. Cnd dezbaterea amendamentelor relev consecine
importante asupra propunerii legislative, preedintele Camerei poate trimite
toate propunerile n discuie comisiei sesizate n fond.
n acest caz, autorii amendamentelor au dreptul s fie ascultai n
cadrul edinei. Acelai drept l au i reprezentanii Guvernului.
Discutarea amendamentelor ncepe cu propunerile de eliminare a unora
dintre texte i continu cu cele privind modificarea sau completarea
acestora.
n cazul n care exist mai multe amendamente de acelai fel, ele se
supun dezbaterii n ordinea n care au fost prezentate, ncepnd cu cele cuprinse
n
raportul comisiei sesizate n fond.15
Camera se va pronuna prin vot distinct asupra fiecrui amendament,
n afar de cazul n care adoptarea unuia exclude acceptarea celorlalte.
Fiecare articol se supune votului Camerei i se adopt cu votul majoritii
parlamentarilor prezeni.

CAPITOLUL III
VOTAREA,PROMULGAREA I INTRAREA N VIGOARE A LEGILOR
SECIUNEA I
VOTAREA PROIECTELOR SAU PROPUNERILOR LEGISLATIVE
Votarea reprezint adoptarea legii sau respingerea ei de ctre

Camera Parlamentar . n acest scop, fiecare parlamentar i exprim votul

su.
Votul parlamentarului este personal.
Procedura de vot presupune fie votul deschis, fie votul secret.
Votul deschis poate avea loc prin : ridicarea minii, ridicarea n picioare, apel
nominal sau prin mijloace electronice.
Votul secret se poate exprima prin: buletine de vot, bile sau prin
mijloace electronice. Camera hotrte la propunerea preedintelui sau a
unui grup parlamentar,ce modalitate de vot va folosi, n afar de cazul n
care prin regulament se stabilete o anumit procedur de vot.
Votul prin apel nominal se desfoar astfel : preedintele explic
obiectul votrii i sensul cuvintelor:pentrui contra; unul dintre secretari
d citire numelui i prenumelui deputailor; fiecare deputat
rspunde :pentru sau contra. Dup terminarea apelului se repet numele
i prenumele deputailor care nu au rspuns.
_____________________________________________________________
15 ION RUSU, op. cit., pag 460

Votul prin mijloace electronice se realizeaz prin conectarea unuia din

contactele care reprezint vot pentru i vot mpotrivsau abinere.
Rezultatul votului electronic se afieaz prin dispoziia preedintelui
Camerei. n cazul n care preedintele Camerei, asistat de cei doi
secretari,constat existena unor defeciuni n conectarea circuitelor, el
poate cere repetarea votului electronic sau nlocuirea acestuia cu alt
procedur de vot. Dispozitivul care permite deputatului accesul la mijloacele
electronice de vot este personal.
Votul cu buletine de vot se folosete n general pentru aprobarea unor
numiri n funcii publice.
nainte de votare preedintele poate cere verificarea cvorumului prin
apel nominal sau prin numrare de ctre secretari.

29

Deputaii i senatorii care nu-i exercit dreptul de vot,dar care au fost

prezeni n sala de edine,intr n numrul regulamentar de stabilire a
cvorumului. Dac n
sala de edine nu se afl majoritatea deputailor, preedintele amn
votarea pn la ntrunirea cvorumului legal.
n cursul votrii nu se poate acorda deputailor dreptul de a lua
cuvntul.
Proiectele de legi i propunerile legislative respinse de Camer nu pot fi
readuse n discuia acesteia n cursul aceleai sesiuni.16
Prima Camer sesizat se pronun n termen de 45 de zile.
Pentru coduri i alte legi,de complexitate deosebita, termenul este de
60 de zile.
n cazul depirii acestor termene, se consider c proiectul de lege sau
propunerea legislativ a fost adoptat.
Dup adoptare sau respingere de ctre prima Camer sesizat,proiectul
sau propunerea legislativ se trimite celeilalte Camere care va decide
definitiv.
n cazul n care prima camer sesizat adopt o prevedere care intr n

____________________________________________________________
16 CRISTIAN IONESCU Drept Constituional i Instituii politice, vol. II, Edit. Lumina Lex ,
Bucureti, 1997, pag. 245

competena sa decizional,prevederea este definitiv adoptat dac i cea

de-a doua Camer este de acord.
n caz contrar,numai pentru prevederea respectiv, legea se ntoarce la
prima Camer sesizat care va decide definitiv n procedura de urgen.
Dispoziiile anterioare referitoare la ntoarcerea legii se aplic n mod
corespunztor i n cazul n care Camera decizional adopt o prevedere
pentru care competena decizional aparine primei Camere.

Revizuirea Constituiei n ce privete procedura legislativ a urmrit

creterea eficienei Parlamentului i renunarea la procedura medierii ntre
Camere cnd se adoptau texte diferite.
SEMNAREA PROIECTULUI DE LEGE DE CTRE PREEDINTELE
CAMEREI
Dup ce a fost votat, legea este semnat de preedintele Camerei sau
dac edina a fost condus de unul dintre vicepreedini,de ctre acesta.
Semntura demonstreaz respectarea procedurii legislative.

SECIUNEA II
PROMULGAREA LEGII DE CTRE PREEDINTE
Dup votare,orice lege este naintat efului statului,pentru promulgare.
Promulgarea este actul prin care Preedintele Romniei autentific i
investete legea adoptat de Parlament cu formul executorie i dispune
publicare ei n Monitorul Oficial al Romniei.
Ca act juridic,promulgarea exprim dreptul puterii executive de a
supune actul adoptat de puterea legislativ unui control att din punct de
vedere al naturii dispoziiilor cuprinse n lege, ct i din punct de vedere al
constituionalitii acesteia.
Trebuie reinut c Preedintele nu poate refuza promulgarea pur i
simplu.
Refuzul nejustificat de promulgare poate fi considerat o abatere a
Preedintelui de la una dintre ndatoririle sale constituionale.17
n ceea ce privete termenul de lege, trebuie precizat c sunt supuse
promulgrii toate cele trei categorii de legi: legi constituionale,legi organice

31

i legi ordinare.
Toate celelalte acte pe care le adopt camerele,n comun sau separat, nu
trebuie

supuse procedurii promulgrii.

Promulgarea se face prin decret semnat de Preedinte.

Conform prevederilor art. 77 din Constituie, promulgarea legii se face n
termen de cel mult 20 de zile de la primire, Preedintele Romniei putnd
cere o singur dat reexaminarea legii.
De asemenea, textul constituional prevede c, dac Preedintele a
cerut reexaminarea legii sau verificarea constituionalitii acesteia,
promulgarea legii se face n cel mult 10 zile de la primirea legii adoptate
dup reexaminare sau de la primirea deciziei Curii Constituionale, prin care
i s-a confirmat constituionalitatea.18
Prin urmare, promulgarea unei legi de ctre eful statului romn,
constituie o parte component, obligatorie a procedurii de elaborare i
adoptare a unui proiect de lege.
Preedintele Romniei are dup cum am menionat, doar dreptul se
cere Parlamentului o singur reexaminarea legii sau verificarea
constituionalitii legii.
Reprimind proiectul de lege el este obligat s-l semneze.
Nu poate fi vorba de un refuz al semnturii proiectului de lege,
ntruct dreptul de a legifera, deci de adoptare sau refuz de adoptare a unui
proiect delege, este de competena exclusiv a Parlamentului care nu
mparte cu nimeni aceast competen constituional.
n acest sens, putem considera c sunt i dispoziiile legii
fundamentale din art.
61, alin. 1: Parlamentul etse organul reprezentativ suprem al poporului romn i
unica autoritate legiuitoare a rii.
_____________________________________________________________
17 CRISTIAN IONESCU op. cit. , pag. 247

18 ION RUSU , op. cit., pag. 461

SECTIUNEA III
INTRAREA IN VIGOARE A LEGII
Intrarea in vigoare a legii are loc la trei zile de la data publicarii in
Monitorul Oficial sau de la data prevazuta expres in textul de lege,potrivit art.78
din Constitutie.
Prevederile constitutionale din art.15, pct. 2 ,,Legea dispune numai
pentru viitor, cu exceptia legii penale mai favorabile, vin sa completeze grija
legiuitorului constituant pentru apararea si garantarea valorilor unei democratii
autentice.

33

BIBLIOGRAFIE

1. ION RUSU, Drept Constitutional si Institutii politice, Edit.,,Lumina

Lex,Bucuresti, 2004
2. IULIAN TEDEOROIU, Drept Constitutional si Institutii politice
Contemporane,vol. II,Edit.,,Sylvi,Bucurest
3. CRISTIAN IONESCU, Drept Constitutional si Institutii
politicevol.II,Edit.,,Lumina Lex,Bucuresti,1997
4. I. MURARU, Drept Constitutional si Institutii politice, vol.II,
Edit.,,Proarcadia ,Bucuresti,1993
5. ION RUSU, Drept Administrativ,Edit.,,Lumina Lex , Bucuresti,2001
6. I. DELEANU, Drept Constitutional si Institutii politice ,Tratat, vol.
II,Edit.,,Europe Nova,Bucuresti,1996
7. ION RUSU, Drept Constitutional,Edit.,, Lumina Lex, Bucuresti,2001

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