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Curs 07 - Reactii de Complexare Si Aplicatiile Acestora
Curs 07 - Reactii de Complexare Si Aplicatiile Acestora
2010-2011
Reacii de neutralizare
Reacii de oxido-reducere
Reacii de precipitare
Reacii de complexare
Reacii de neutralizare
Reacii de oxido-reducere
Reacii de precipitare
Reacii de complexare
Reacii de neutralizare
Reacii de oxido-reducere
Reacii de precipitare
Reacii de complexare
Reacii de neutralizare
Reacii de oxido-reducere
Reacii de precipitare
Reacii de complexare
Mm+ + xLn- =>MLx(m-nx)
Ag+ + 2NH3 => Ag(NH3)2+
Al3+ + 3HO- => Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + HO-exces=>[Al(OH)4]5
Definiii
Ligand
- provine din latinescul ligare = a lega
Ligand = orice specie (atom, anion sau un ansamblu mai complex) care are o
pereche de electroni neparticipanta disponibila pentru coordinare
Atomi:
N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I
Molecule :
Ioni:
OH
N
Liganzi bidentai: (hidrazina) NH2-NH2; ionul oxalat, ionul salicilat,
N O
HO
HO
O O
OH
N
OH O
OH
Atomul central
Majoritatea cationilor metalici dau compleci mai mult sau mai puin stabili;
Numrul de coordinare arata numrul de legaturi ce se dezvolta intre
atomul central si ligand (liganzi);
Geometria atomului central este puternic influenat de numrul de
coordinare.
Numar de coordinare
In cazul cianurilor
Cr, Mn, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Co3+, Ni2+, Cu+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+
Clorofila A
9
Reacia de complexare
Mm+ + xLn- =>[MLx]m-nx
2+
Cuaq
2+
Cuaq
+ 4H2O
+ 4NH3,aq
Cu (H2O )
2+
4,aq
Cu NH3
2+
4,aq
10
Constante de formare
Complex
Kf
Complex
Kf
Complex
[Ag(CN)2]
5.61018
[Co(en)3]2+
8.71013
[Cu(EDTA)]2 51018
[Ag(EDTA)]3 2.1107
[Co(NH3)6]2+
1.3105
[Cu(en)2]2+
11020
[Ag(en)2]+
5.0107
[Co(ox)3]4
5109
[Cu(CN)4]2
11025
[Ag(NH3)2]+
1.6107
[Co(SCN)4]2 1.0103
[Cu(NH3)4]2+
1.11013
[Ag(SCN)4]3
1.21010
[Co(EDTA)]
11036
[Cu(ox)2]2
3108
[Ag(S2O3)2]3 1.71013
[Co(en)3]3+
4.91048
[Fe(CN)6]4
11037
[Al(EDTA)]
1.31016
[Co(NH3)6]3+
4.51033
[Fe(EDTA)]2 2.11014
[Al(OH)4]
1.11033
[Co(ox)3]3
11020
[Fe(en)3]2+
5.0109
[Al(ox)3]3
21016
[Cr(EDTA)]
11023
[Fe(ox)3]4
1.7105
[Cd(CN)4]2
6.01018
[Cr(OH)4]
81029
[Fe(CN)6]3
11042
[Cd(en)3]2+
1.21012
[CuCl3]2
5105
[Fe(EDTA)]
1.71024
[Cd(NH3)4]2+
1.3107
[Cu(CN)2]
1.01016
[Fe(ox)3]3
21020
[Cu(CN)4]3
2.01030
[Fe(SCN)]2+
8.9102
[Co(EDTA)]2 2.01016
Kf
11
Constante de formare
Complex
Kf
Complex
Kf
[HgCl4]2
1.21015
[PbI4]2
3.0104
[Hg(CN)4]2
31041
[Pb(OH)3]
3.81014
[Hg(EDTA)]2 6.31021
[Pb(ox)2]2
3.5106
[Hg(en)2]2+
21023
[Pb(S2O3)3]4 2.2106
[HgI4]2
6.81029
[PtCl4]2
11016
[Hg(ox)2]2
9.5106
[Pt(NH3)6]2+
21035
[Ni(CN)4]2
21031
[Zn(CN)4]2
11018
[Ni(EDTA)]2
3.61018
[Zn(EDTA)]2 31016
[Ni(en)3]2+
2.11018
[Zn(en)3]2+
1.31014
[Ni(NH3)6]2+
5.5108
[Zn(NH3)4]2+
4.1108
[Ni(ox)3]4
3108
[Zn(OH)4]2
4.61017
[PbCl3]
2.4101
[Zn(ox)3]4
1.4108
[Pb(EDTA)]2 21018
12
+ Cl aq
PbClaq
+ Claq
+
PbCl aq
0
PbCl 2,
aq
Kf1
Kf 1
Kf 2
Kf 2
PbCl ]
[
[ PbCl ] = K [ Pb ][Cl ]
=
[ Pb ][Cl ]
+
aq
2+
aq
aq
+ Cl aq
PbCl 3,
aq
Kf 3
0
2 ,aq
+
aq
0
2 ,aq
aq
f2
2
PbCl 4,
aq
Kf 3
Kf 4
0
2 ,aq
Kf 4
[ PbCl ] = K
2
4 ,aq
2+
aq
f1
3,aq
3,aq
aq
3,aq
+ Cl aq
aq
+
aq
f2
aq
aq
aq
[ PbCl ] ;
=
[ PbCl ][Cl ] [ PbCl ] = K [ PbCl ][Cl ]
[ PbCl ] = K
PbCl 3,
aq
2+
aq
f1
0
PbCl 2,
aq
+
aq
f1
f3
0
2 ,aq
][ ][ ][ ]
2
PbCl 4,
aq
=
;
PbCl3, aq Claq
f1
][ ][ ][ ][ ] 13
aq
[ PbCl ] = K [ Pb ][Cl ]
+
aq
2+
aq
f1
aq
f2
f1
aq
f3
2
4 ,aq
f1
f2
f3
2+
aq
f4
aq
2+
Pbaq ,allforms = Pbaq
2+
aq
aq
aq
[ Pb
aq ,all forms
aq
aq
2+
aq
aq
f1
0
2 ,aq
+
aq
] = [ Pb ] + K [ Pb ][Cl ] + K
] [
[ Pb ]
2+
aq
2+
aq
2+
aq
aq
f1
K f 2 Pb
1 + K Cl + K K Cl
f1
aq
f1
f2
aq
[ ]
2+
aq
[ ]
][Cl ]
aq
2
4 ,aq
3,aq
2+
aq
+ K f 1 K f 2 K f 3 Pb
[ ]
+ K f 1 K f 2 K f 3 Claq
][Cl ]
aq
2
+ K f 1 K f 2 K f 3 K f 4 Pbaq
4
+ K f 1 K f 2 K f 3 K f 4 Claq
[ ]
[ Pb ]
2+
aq
2+
aq
f2
aq ,allforms
0 =
aq
f1
aq ,all forms
aq
3,aq
[ Pb
[ Pb
2+
aq
[ Pb ]
2+
aq
f1
aq
f1
f2
aq
f1
f2
f3
aq
K
K
K
Cl
f1
f2
f3
f4
aq
[ ]
2+
aq
aq ,allforms
f1
aq
f1
f2
aq
f1
f2
f3
aq
f1
f2
K
Cl
f3
f4
aq
[ ]
Same for 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
14
[ Pb
aq ,all forms
1
4
0.9
] = Pb
2+
aq
[ PbCl ]
+
aq
][
][
2
4 aq
[ Pb
aq ,all forms
0.8
0.7
Fraction
+ PbCl
3 aq
Pbaq ,all
forms
2+
aq
[ Pb
aq ,all forms
[ PbCl ]
1+
aq
[ Pb
aq ,all forms
0.6
[ PbCl ]
[ Pb ]
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
2
0.1
[ PbCl ]
0
2 aq
[ Pb
aq ,all forms
0
-2
-1
2
pCl
5
15
= 4.37 M
10 gH 2 O 35.45gCl 1mL 1L
9 km
100 ppm PbCl x2,aqx
Pb 2 + + 3Claq PbCl3,aq
10 ppm PbSO4 ,s
Magma, vulcani,
Presiune, temp (350oC)
H2 S 2 H + + S 2
Pb 2 + + S 2 PbS s
CaCO3,s Ca 2+ + CO32
2 H + + CO32 H 2 CO163
18
19
20
si
pentru purificarea
anumitor
substane impure;
n industria farmaceutic:
sinteza
cisplatin,
carboplatin,
oxalilplatin,
vitamina B12, ....
21
1000
D T = ( CM V F ) EDTA 100
50
23
24
[[ EDTA
]=
EDTA ] =
init
init
[ Pb ]
init
= 7.66 x10 5 M
3L
40gPb 10dL 1mole 1g
. x10 6 M
=
6 = 193
dL L 207.2 g 10 g
25
[ EDTA ] = 7.66x10
init
. x10
[ Pb ] = 193
init
2+
2+
4
CaNa 2 EDTAs
Ca
+
2
Na
+
EDTA
aq
aq
aq
EDTAaq4 + Pbaq2 +
Din Pb
(1.93x10
PbEDTAaq2
K f = 1017.9 = 7.93x1017
Din EDTA
EDTAafter L .R .
5.79 x106
PbEDTAafter L.R. =
= 1.93 x10 6
3L
Agent limitativ
Pbafter L.R.
26
Pb2+
1
0
x
x
EDTAPb21
1.93x10-6
-x
1.93x10-6
x<<1.93x10-6
K f = 7.93x1017
PbEDTA
x [ PbEDTA
PbEDTA ]
[
]
]
[
=
=
2
aq ,eq
4
aq ,eq
2+
aq ,eq
4
after L . R .
2
after L . R .
4
after L .R .
2
PbEDTAafter
L
.
R
.
1.93 106
x=
=
= 3.17 x1020
5
17
4
17
EDTAafter
7.467
10
7.93
10
7.93
x
10
L.R.
g
x = 317
. x10 20 M = 6.79 x10 13
dL
27
5-10yrs
28
CH2 C
C CH2
O
O
N CH2 CH2 N
4-
O
O
O
CH2 C
C CH2
EDTA
O
O
HO
OH
O
HO
O
EGTA
N
O
OH
29
HN
NH
O NH4+
O
HN
Murexid O
-O
NH
NO2
Tampon 9,2
SO3Na
N
N
OH
OH
Negru eriocrom T
pH
0
H2In-
6,3
HIn2-
11,5 In3- 14
30
31
H
O
OH
H3C
HS
C 2 N OH HS
SH3C NH
NH OH
3+
2+
3+
+
+ -)
2 + 3Cl +
+ (Ni + 2Cl-) +
2(NH
+1/3Fe
nAl
+ 3(NH
2+
4 + HO
4 + HO )
+n-1Ni
SO3Na
C N OH HN
SHN
N
3C NH
SH
N
2
HH3C
OH
O
Fe/3
CH3
NH
NS
N
NH
+H+ Ni
N
HN
O
H
NH
+
N
+ 2(NH
+ nH+
4 + Cl )+2H
2O
SN
OHS
S 3
CH
SO3Na
HN
SH
+ 3(NH4+ + Cl-)+H2O
32
33