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Cercetarea Fenomenului de Recidivă Din Perspectiva
Cercetarea Fenomenului de Recidivă Din Perspectiva
CARIEREI INFRACIONALE
CRISTINA DMBOEANU *
ABSTRACT
INVESTIGATION OF THE RELAPSE PHENOMENON FROM
THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CRIMINAL CAREER
In Romania, although the level of relapse is high, there are no sociological and
criminological studies of this phenomenon. At present, it is not known who are those
criminals who relapse and which are the factors determining them to repeatedly
infringe the law. At international level there are numerous specialized publications
which approach the theoretical and practical aspects of relapse, in an attempt to
identify the main causes favoring the repetition of criminal behavior and to prepare
certain measures aimed at preventing and reduce the span of this phenomenon. This
article presents one of the most recent directions of analysis of relapse described in
the literature of the Western academic environment, that of the criminal career. It
approaches the main working concepts and hypotheses of this theoretical model, as
well as its implications in the practical dimension, of the means of preventing and
controlling the relapse phenomenon.
Key words: relapse, criminal career, crime prevention and control.
INTRODUCERE
Revista Romn de Sociologie, serie nou, anul XIX, nr. 56, p. 395404, Bucureti, 2008
396
Cristina Dmboeanu
Cercetarea
397
398
Cristina Dmboeanu
a) Participarea6
Participarea la activitile antisociale i criminale este msurat prin proporia
indivizilor care comit cel puin o infraciune ntr-o anumit perioad de timp.
Grupul infractorilor activi este compus att din cei care svresc pentru prima oar
diverse acte sancionate de legea penal, ct i din cei definii de un istoric al
infracionalitii mai mult sau mai puin bogat.
n concordan cu rezultatele majoritii studiilor analizate de Blumstein i
colaboratorii si7, un individ i ncepe, cel mai frecvent, cariera infracional
nainte de vrsta de 10 ani, rata iniierii n activiti delincvente i criminale
atingnd valoarea maxim n perioada adolescenei. Cercetrile incluse n studiul
autorilor menionai au artat c tendinele antisociale din timpul copilriei,
manifestate printr-o serie lung de trsturi i fapte antisociale, precum furturile,
consumul de droguri, impulsivitatea, ostilitatea fa de orice autoritate, rezultatele
colare slabe, agresiunile verbale i fizice, vagabondajul, asocierea cu grupurile
delincvente, constituie cei mai buni predictori ai implicrii ulterioare a minorului n
acte de delincven i infracionalitate8.
De asemenea, constatrile cercetrilor au demonstrat c familia poate exercita
o influen negativ puternic asupra comportamentului copilului, fiind, n acest
sens, stabilite corelaii pozitive ntre conduita delincvent, pe de o parte, i stilurile
disciplinare severe i inconsistente adoptate de prini, nivelul redus de comunicare
6
Cercetarea
399
400
Cristina Dmboeanu
Conform lui A. Blumstein, J. Coehn, J. A. Roth, C. A. Visher, op. cit., p. 6772, 1986.
Alex R. Piquero, David P. Farrington, A. Blumstein, op. cit., p. 7475.
14
Ibidem.
15
Conform lui A. Blumstein, J. Coehn, J. A. Roth, C. A. Visher, op. cit., p. 8592, 1986.
16
W. Spelman, op. cit, p. 1314.
13
Cercetarea
401
D. Farrington, Key Results from the First Forty Years of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent
Development, n Terence P. Thornbery, Mavin D. Krohn (ed.), Taking Stoke of Delinquency: An
Overview of Findings from Contemporary Longitudinal Studies, Boston, Kluwer, 2003.
18
R. Sampson, John H. Laub, Life Course Desisters? Trajectories of Crime Among Delinquent
Boys Followed to Age 70, n Criminology, 2003, vol. 41, p. 555592.
19
D. P. Farrington, S. Lambert i D. J. West, Criminal Careers of Two Generations of Family
Members in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, n Studies on Crime and Crime
Prevention, 1998, vol. 7, p. 85106.
20
Alex R. Piquero, David P. Farrington, A. Blumstein, op. cit, p. 175198.
21
D. Weisburd, E. F. Chayet, E. J. Waring, White-Collar Crime and Criminal Careers: Some
Preliminary Findings, n Crime and Delinquency, 1990, vol. 36, nr. 3, p. 342355.
22
R. Tarling, Analyzing Offending: Data, Models and Interpretation, Londra, Her Majestys
Stationery Office, 1993.
402
Cristina Dmboeanu
Neil Shover, Great Pretenders: Pursuits and Careers of Persistent Thieves, Boulder,
Westview Press, 1983.
24
R. J. Sampson, J. H. Laub, Crime and Deviance over the Life Course: The Salience of Adult
Social Bonds, n American Sociological Review, 1990, octombrie, vol. 55, p. 609627.
25
E. P. Mulvey i colab., Theory and Research on Desistance from Antisocial Activity among
Serious Adolescent Offenders, n Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2004, vol. 2, nr. 3, p. 213236.
26
Ibidem, p. 217.
Cercetarea
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404
Cristina Dmboeanu
10
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