ANATO Lucrări Practice

I.
Aparatul locomotor
Chiinu, 2009
Ghid pentru autoinstruire
Lucrri practice la
Anatomia Omului
T. Lupacu,
I. Catereniuc,
D. Batr,
L. Globa,
T. Hacina
CZU: 611 (075.8)

Aprobat de Consiliul Metodic Central al USMF Nicolae Testemianu,
proces-verbal nr. 4 din 17.06.2008
Autorii:
Teodor Lupacu, dr.,confereniar universitar, catedra Anatomia omului
Ilia Catereniuc, dr. hab., profesor universitar, catedra Anatomia omului
Dumitru Batr, dr.,confereniar universitar, catedra Anatomia omului
Lilian Globa, asistent universitar, catedra Anatomia omului
Tamara Hacina, dr.,confereniar universitar, catedra Anatomia omului
Recenzeni:
Emilian Onea, dr.,confereniar universitar, catedra Histologie, Citologie i Embriologie
Ion Podubni, dr., profesor universitar, catedra Anatomie topografic i Chirurgie operatorie
Lucrarea nr. 1
Tema:
Elementele de orientare ale corpului uman. Vrsta omului, sH[XO L

SDUWLFXODULWLOH OXL LQGLYiduale. Metodele de studiere a anatomiei. Anatomia
SHYLX7HUPLQRORJLDDQDWRPLF.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. Elementele de orientare ale corpului RPHQHVF SULOH GH FRUS L VHJPHQWHOH ORU, repere
b.
c.
d.
e.
RVRDVH FDUWLODJLQRDVH PXVFXODUH FXWDQDWH 1RLXQL JHQHUDOH GHVSUH UHJLRQDOL]DUHD SULORU

GHFRUS3R]LLDDQDWRPLF. Planuri, axe, linii.
Limbajul anatomic. Termeni anatomici de ordin general i de ordin special. Nomenclatura
anatomic.
Nomenclatura micrilor segmentelor de corp.
0HWRGHGHVWXGLHUHDDQDWRPLHLLQFOXVLYDDQDWRPLHLSHYLXVHQ]RULDOHGLUHFWHLVHQ]RULDOH
PHGLDWHVDXFOLQLFHLSDUDFOLQLFH
1RLXQL GH YkUVW FDOHQGDULVWLF L ELRORJLF VDX PHGLFDO VH[ L SDUWLFXODULWLOH
individuale ale omului. Indicii morfologici ai vrstei biologice.
Scopul:
Familiarizarea cu elementele de orientare ale corpului omenesc, limbajul

DQDWRPLF QRPHQFODWXUD PLFULORU VHJPHQWHORU GH FRUS L SXQerea la curent cu
PHWRGHOHWUDGLLRQDOHGHH[SORUDUHDQDWRPLFLSHYLXLQRLXQLOHGHYkUVWVH[
SDUWLFXODULWL individuale ale corpului omului.
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOH SULYLQG HOHPHQWHOH GH RULHQWDUH DOH FRUSXOXL XPDQ OLPEDMXO

anatomic, metodele GH H[SORUDUH DQDWRPLF L SDUWLFXODULWLOH LQGLYLGXDOH GH
YkUVW L GH VH[ VXQW QHFHVDUH QX QXPDL SHQWUX SULFHSHUHD L VWXGLHUHD WHPHORU
XOWHULRDUHGDULSHQWUXDFWLYDUHDvQGLYHUVHGRPHQLLDOHPHGLFLQLLSUDFWLFH
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDL GLQ chestionar (Anexa 1) subiectele, referitoare la tema nU VWXGLDL-OH GXS
sursele bibliografice, indicate la finele prezentei culegeriQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. RHSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUD ORJLFDFRPSRQHQWHORUtemei.
3. (ODERUDLFODVLILFDrea elementelor de orientare ale corpului omenesc.
4. $GQRWDLLPDJLQHDGLQILJLQGLFDL SR]LLLOH SULOor de corp, marcate prin linii.
Fig.1
______________________________________________________________
5. 'HILQLLSR]LLDDQDWRPLF
6. 3HLPDJLQHDGLQILJLQGLFDLSULOHLVHJPHQWHOHGHFRUS
Fig.2

7. Pe imaginea din fig.3 LQGLFDLSODQXULOHLGLUHFLLOHPDUFDWHFXVJHLIRUPXODLGHILQLLL
Fig.3
___________________________________________________
8. ,QGLFDLPLFULOHUHSUH]HQWDWHSULQXUPWRDUHDserie de imagini (fig. 4).
Fig. 4
9. ([SOLFDL WHUPHQLL VXSHULRU-inferior, median, medial-lateral, proximal-distal, intern-extern,
superficial-profund, radial-ulnar, fibular-tibial, volar-dorsal, anterior-SRVWHULRU LQGLFDL
sinonimele lor.
10. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWHVXFFLQWHSULYLQG: a) limbajul anatomic; b) metodele de studiere a anatomiei

pe viu; c) QRLXQLGHVSUHYkUVW
11. 6HOHFWDL testele (Anexa 2) referitoare la tema nr.1 LUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
12. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGLQIRUPDLLOHRELQXWHLUROXOORUvQVWXGLXOXOWHULRUDODQDWRPLHL
13. QWUHEULDSUXWHvQUH]XOWDWXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLnr.1.
14. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUH SULYLQGFHOHVWXGLDWHRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLLORUDVXSUDWHPHL
&RQWUROXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULL (aprecieri, sugestii, recomandDLL

6HPQWXUDSURIHVRUXOXL
Lucrarea nr. 2
Tema:
6FKHOHWXOWUXQFKLXOXL&RORDQDYHUWHEUDOVWUXFWXUDJHQHUDODYHUWHEUHORU
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. 1RLXQLJHQHUDOHGHVSUHDSDUDWXOORFRPRWRU
b. 2VWHRORJLHJHQHUDO scheletul dur, componentele lui.
c. Clasificarea oaselor.
d. Structura oaselor.
e. 2VXOFDRUJDQLIXQFLLOHOXL
f. 'H]YROWDUHDRDVHORULDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDVLVWHPXOXLRVRV
g. ,QIOXHQDGLIHULWRUIDFWRULDVXSUDGH]YROWULLLPRGLILFULLSRVWQDWDOHDRDVHORU
h. &RPSRQHQWHOHVFKHOHWXOXLWUXQFKLXOXLFRORDQDYHUWHEUDO
i. Structura geQHUDODYHUWHEUHORU
Scopul:
)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULFHSHULORU L D GHSULQGHULORU vQ GRPHQLXO RVWHRORJLHL

JHQHUDOHLDDQDWRPLHLYHUWHEUHORU
0RWLYDLD:
,QIRUPDLLOH FH LQ GH PRUIRORJLD VLVWHPXOXL RVRV GH VWUXFWXUD YHUWHEUHORU VXQW
necesare SHQWUX VWXGLHUHD XOWHULRDU D SLHVHORU RVRDVH vQ JHQHUH L D FRORDQHL
YHUWHEUDOH vQ VSHFLDO SUHFXP L D DUWLFXODLLORU HL L D PXFKLORU FDUH R
LQIOXHQHD]&XQRWLQHOHRELQXWHYRUILLPSRUWDQWHvQWUDXPDWRORJLHQHXURORJLH
LPDJLVWLFHWF
RealizareDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1 VHOHFWDL VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHPD QU VWXGLDL-le,
QRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDFRPSRQHQWHORUWHPHL
3. 'HILQLL QRLXQHD GH VFKHOHW HQXPHUDL FRPSRQHQWHOH VFKHOHWXOXL D[LDO L D VFKHOHWXOXL

complementar.
4. 5HSURGXFHL GLQ &XOHJHUHD GH VFKHPH VFKHPD FODVLILFULL RDVHORU VDX HODERUDL R VFKHP
proprie.
5. (QXPHUDLLGHILQLLWLSXULOHGHHVXWRVRV
6. 5HSURGXFHL GLQ Culegerea de scheme sau alte surse schema structurii osteonului,
adnotnd-o.
7. 5HSURGXFHLGLQ&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPHVDXGLQDOWHVXUVHVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLXQXLRVWXEXODU
lung, adnotnd-o.
8. 'XS &XOHJHUHD GH VFKHPH UHSURGXFHL VFKHPD SRULXQLORU XQXL RV WXEXODU OXQJ LQGLFDL
segmentele lui.
9. (ODERUDLGHILQLLDSHULRVWXOXLLHQXPHUDLVWUDWXULOHOXL
10. (QXPHUDLWLSXULOHGHPGXYRVRDVLQGLFkQGUROXOHLvQRUJDQLVP
11. Din chestionar (Anexa 1) selectaLVXELHFWHOHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUDOHJHLGLQFRPSOHWXO

GHSLHVHRVRDVHSUHSDUDWHOHSHFDUHWUHEXLHVOHGHPRQVWUDLLVWXGLDL-OHFXDWHQLH
12. 3H VFKHOHW VDX PXODMXO UHVSHFWLY VWXGLDL VHJPHQWHOH FRORDQHL YHUWHEUDOH YHUWHEUHOH
DGHYUDWHIDOVHLFHOHGHWUDQ]LLHLQGLFDL-le pe imaginile din fig. 1
Fig.1
10
13. 0DUFDLYHUWHEUHOHGLQFRORDQDYHUWHEUDOUHSUH]HQWDWSHLPDJLQHDGLQILJ
Fig.2
14. (ODERUDLRFODVLILFDUHDFDUDFWHUHORUPRUIRORJLFHDOHYHUWHEUHORUDGHYUDWH
15. AOHJHL GLQ FRPSOHWXO GH SLHVH RVRDVH YHUWHEUHOH WLS DUDQMDL-OH vQ SR]LLD ORU DQDWRPLF L
VWXGLDLFXDWHQLHVWUXFWXUDORU'HPRQVWUDLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHDOHYHUWHEUHORU
11
16. 6FULHLLQGLFDLLOHUHVSHFWLYHSHLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ
Fig.3
17. 3HLPDJLQHDGLQILJQRWDLSULOHFRPSRQHQWHDOHXQHLYHUWHEUHGLQVWkQJDILJXULLLUROXO
ORUIXQFLRQDOGLQGUHDSWD
Fig.4
18. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWHVXFFLQWHSULYLQGDRVXOFDRUJDQLIXQFLLOHOXL; b) dezvoltarea oaselor; c)
DQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDVLVWHPXOXLRVRVGLQIOXHQDGLIHULWRUIDFWRULDVXSUDGH]YROWULLL
PRGLILFULLSRVWQDWDOHDRDVHORU
19. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D UHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQULUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
20. FoUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGLQIRUPDLLOHRELQXWHLUROXOORUvQVWXGLXOXOWHULRUDODQDWRPLHLL
disciplinelor clinice.
21. QWUHEULDSUXWHvQUH]XOWDWXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLQU
22. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHSULYLQGFHOHVWXGLDWHRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLLORUDVXSUDWHPHL
&RQWUROXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLDSUHFLHULVXJHVWLLUHFRPDQGDLL
10
12
Lucrarea nr. 3
Tema:
3DUWLFXODULWLOH PRUIRORJLFHDOHYHUWHEUHORUGLQGLYHUVHVHJPHQWHDOHFRORDQHL
YHUWHEUDOH&RORDQDYHUWHEUDOvQDQVDPEOXSDUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWLGHVH[
Explorarea pe viu a vertebrelor.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3DUWLFXODULWLOHUHJLRQDOHDOHYHUWHEUHORUFHUYLFDOH
3DUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHJHQHUDOHLLQGLYLGXDOHDOHYHUWHEUHORUWRUDFLFH
Vertebrele lombare paUWLFXODULWLOHORUPRUIRORJLFHJHQHUDOH
6DFUXOLFRFFLVXO FDUDFWHULVWLFPRUIRORJLFLUROIXQFLRQDO
&RORDQD YHUWHEUDO vQ DQVDPEOX segmente, curburi, canalul rahidian, orificiile
LQWHUYHUWHEUDOHLUROXOORU
f. 'H]YROWDUHDYHUWHEUHORULDQRPDOLLOe lor de dezvoltare.
g. ([SORUDUHDSHYLXDYHUWHEUHORULLPSRUWDQDHLDSOLFDWLY
6FRSXOLFDUDFWHULVWLFDPRWLYDLRQDODOXFUULL:
)RUPDUHD GHSULQGHULORU SULYLQG VHOHFWDUHD YHUWHEUHORU DGHYUDWH L IDOVH VLWXDUHD
ORUvQSR]LLDDQDWRPLFLVWDELOLUHDORFDOL]ULLORUvQFDGUXOFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHvQ
DQVDPEOXLGHQWLILFDUHDHOHPHQWHORUORUGHVFULSWLYHLGHPRQVWUDUHDLGHQXPLUHD
ORU FRUHFW LGHQWLILFDUHD YHUWHEUHORU SH YLX SUHFXP L D FRPSHWHQHORU FH LQ GH
GH]YROWDUHD DFHVWRU RDVH L GHSLVWDUHD DQRPDOLLORU ORU 7RWRGDW ILHFDUH VWXGHQW
WUHEXLHVVHvQYHHDGHPRQVWUDSUH]HQWDVDXDH[SXQHvQVFULVPDWHULDOXOVWXGLDW
,QIRUPDLLOH UHIHULWRDUH OD PRUIRORJLD YHUWHEUHORU L D FRORDQHL YHUWHEUDOH vQ
ansamblu sunt importante pentru studierea anatomiei topografice, chirurgiei,
traumatologiei, neurologiei, radiologiei etc.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1 VHOHFWDL VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHPD QU VWXGLDL-le,
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUD ORJLFDWHPHL
3. 6HOHFWDL GLQ FRPSOHWXO GH SLHVH RVRDVH YHUWHEUHOH GLQ GLYHUVH VHJPHQWH DOH FRORDQHL
YHUWHEUDOHVLWXDL-OHvQSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWXGLDLVWUXFWXUDORU
4. (QXPHUDLFDUDFWHUHOHPRUIRORJLFHJHQHUDOHUHJLRQDOHLVSHFLDOHDOHYHUWHEUHlor cervicale.
13
11
5. $GQRWDLILJGHQXPLLWRDWHHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHLQGLFDWHSULQOLQLLQRWDL-OHSHILJXU
Fig.1
6. $GQRWDLILJQRWDLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHDle piesei osoase, reprezentate n imagine.
Fig.2
7. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLLGHQXPLLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHDOHYHUWHEUHLGLQLPDJLQH
Fig.3
8. (QXPHUDL FDUDFWHUHOH GLVWLQFWLYH DOH YHUWHEUHL FHUYLFDOH VI L GHVFULHL LPSRUWDQD ORU

DSOLFDWLY
12
14
9. ,GHQWLILFDL YHUWHEUD UHSUH]HQWDW vQ ILJ DGQRWDL LPDJLQHD L LQGLFDL FDUDFWHUHOH

distinctive.
Fig.4
10. ([SOLFDLQRLXQHDGHFRPSOH[XQFR-transverso-DUWLFXODULLQGLFDLUROXOOXLIXQFLRQDO
11. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLLGHQXPLLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHDOHYHUWHEUHORUGLQLPDJine.
Fig.5
12. (QXPHUDLFDUDFWHUHOHGLVWLQFWLYHDOHYHUWHEUHORUWRUDFLFH
13. (QXPHUDLYHUWHEUHOHWRUDFLFHGHWUDQ]LLHLGHVFULHLFDUDFWHUHOHORUGLVWLQFWLYH
15
13
14. $GQRWDLILJQRWDLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLUHDIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSrin linii.
Fig.6
15. (QXPHUDLFDUDFWHUHOHGLVWLQFWLYHDOHYHUWHEUHORUORPEDUH
16. $GQRWDLILJ3HLPDJLQLOHGLQHDQRWDLGHQXPLULOHHOHPHQWHORUGHVFULSWLYHPDUFDWHSULQ
linii.
14
16
Fig.7
17. 3H ILJ LQGLFDL FXUEXULOH FRORDQHL YHUWHEUDOH QRWDL YkUVWD L VXFFHVLXQHD DSDULLHL ORU
,QGLFDLRULILFLLOHLQWHUYHUWHEUDOH
Orificii intervertebrale
Fig.8
17
15
18. 5HSURGXFHL GLQ &XOHJHUHD GH VFKHPH GLQ PDQXDO VDX DOWH VXUVH VFKHPD FHQWULORr de
RVLILFDUHDXQHLYHUWHEUHGHWLSWRUDFLFDGQRWDL-RLLQGLFDLFHQWULL
19. 'HQXPLLDQRPDOLLOHYHUWHEUHORUUHSUH]HQWDWHvQLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ
Fig.9
20. (QXPHUDL DQRPDOLLOH YHUWHEUHORU H[LVWHQWH vQ FRPSRQHQD FRPSOHWXOXL GH SLHVH RVRDVH L
cele demonstrate n muzeul de osteologie sau pe calculator
16
18
21. &HUHSUH]LQWDQRPDOLD.LPLUOHWLvQFHFRQVWLPSRUWDQDHLFOLQLF"
22. (QXPHUDLPHWRGHOHGHH[SORUDUHSHYLXDYHUWHEUHORU
23. 'HQXPLLOLQLLOHRUizontale, trasate pe imaginea din fig. 10 A LQRWDLYHUWHEUHOHFDUHSRWIL

LGHQWLILFDWH SH YLX FX DMXWRUXO ORU &RPSDUDL ILJ A cu fig. 10 B SH FDUH QRWDL
IRUPDLXQLOHSDOSDELOHSHYLX
Fig.10
24. (QXPHUDL SULOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH YHUWHEUHORU GLQ ILHFDUH VHJPHQW DO FRORDQHL YHUWHEUDOH
palpabile pe viu.
19
17
25. 6WXGLDLLGHVFULHLUDGLRJUDPHOHGLYHUVHORUVHJPHQWHDOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
26. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWHVXFFLQWHla temele:

x Dezvoltarea vertebrelor.
x Anomaliile de dezvoltare a vertebrelor.
27. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D UHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUUH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
28. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGPDWHULDOHOHVWXGLDWHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
29. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLSUHJWLWvQGHDMXQVSHQWUXDSUH]HQWDDH[SXQHvQVFULVLDGHPRQVWUD
pe preparate cele studiate.
30. QWUHEULDSUXWHSHSDUFXUVXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLQU
31. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHSULYLQGWHPDQURELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLLORUGHPRQVWUDLLORU
18
20
Lucrarea nr. 4
Tema:
2DVHOH FXWLHL WRUDFLFH 7RUDFHOH vQ DQVDPEOX SDUWLFXODULWLOH OXL GH YkUVW L
de sex. TipXULOH FRQVWLWXLRQDOH L YDULDQWHOH GH IRUP DOH WRUDFHOXL 2DVHOH
centurii scapulare. Explorarea pe viu a toracelui.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
7LSXULOHFRQVWLWXLRQDOHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
'HILQLLDWRUDFHOXLFRPSRQHQWHOHFXWLHLWRUDFLFH.
Sternul deILQLLHSR]LLHvQFRUSSRULXQLVWUXFWXU
Coastele GHILQLLH SR]LLH FODVLILFDUH, VWUXFWXU 3DUWLFXODULWLOH PRUIRORJLFH VSHFLDOH DOH
FRDVWHORU,,,;,L;,,
'H]YROWDUHDLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDFRDVWHORULDVWHUQXOXL
Toracele n ansDPEOX SDUWLFXODULWLOH GH YkUVW L GH VH[ UROXO OXL IXQFLRQDO 9DULDQWHOH
QRUPDOHLSDWRORJLFHDIRUPHLWRUDFHOXL
6FDSXODLFODYLFXOD SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
Explorarea toracelui pe viu.
Repere osoase ale toracelui.
Scopul:
)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG VWUXFWXUD L GH]YROWDUHD RDVHORU WRUDFHOXL L D

FHQWXULL VFDSXODUH L D GHSULQGHULORU YL]kQG LGHQWLILFDUHD ORU SH VFKHOHW L SH YLX
SUHFXP L D SULFHSHULL GH D GHPRQVWUD SUH]HQWD VDX GH D H[SXQH vQ VFULV
elementele lor descriptive.
0RWLYDLD:
,QIRUPDLLOHRELQXWHvQUH]XOWDWXOVWXGLXOXLDVXSUDSUH]HQWHLWHPHYRUILQHFHVDUH
OD VWXGLHUHD DOWRU FDSLWROH DOH DQDWRPLHL GDU L SHQWUX RULHQWDUHD SH WRUDFH
GHWHUPLQDUHDWRSRJUDILHLRUJDQHORUGLQFDYLWDWHDWRUDFLFH[SORUDUHDORUSHYLXL
sunt importante n cardiologie, pulmonologie, hepatologie, chirurgie,
WUDXPDWRORJLHLPDJLVWLFHWF
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1VHOHFWDLVXELHFWHOHWHRUHWLFHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUVWXGLDL-le cu
DWHQLHQRWDi tezele mai importante.
3. 'HILQLLWRUDFHOHLFXWLDWRUDFLFHQXPHUDLHOHPHQWHOHFRQVWLWXWLYHDOHDFHVWHLD
21
19
4. 6HOHFWDLGLQFKHVWLRQDU&RQWUROXOFXQRWLQHORUSUDFWLFHVXELHFWHle, referitoare la tema nr. 4,

DOHJHL GLQ FRPSOHWXO GH SLHVH RVRDVH SUHSDUDWHOH FDUH WUHEXLH VWXGLDWH L GHPRQVWUDWH
VWXGLDL-OHvQSR]LLDORUDQDWRPLFLFHUFHWDL-OHFXDWHQLHGXSFHLGHQWLILFDL-le pe schelet.
5. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQH GHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORULQGLFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 1
6. (QXPHUDL HOHPHQWHOH GHVFULSWLYH DOH VWHUQXOXL SDOSDELOH SH YLX L PHQLRQDL FXP SRW IL
identificate.
7. 5HSURGXFHL GLQ &XOHJHUHD GH VFKHPH VFKHPD FHQWULORU GH RVLILFDUH D VWHUQXOXL LQGLFDL
denumirea lor.
20
22
8. (ODERUDLLUHSURGXFHLRVFKHPDFODVLILFULLFRDVWHORULQGLFDLFRDVWHOHFDUHIDFSDUWHGLQ
fiecare grup.
9. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLHOHPHQWHOHVWUXFWXUDOHPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 2
10. (QXPHUDLFDUDFWHUHOHSDUWLFXODUHDOHFRDVWHORUDWLSLFH,,,;,;,,VSHFLILFHSHQWUXILHFDUH

din ele.
23
21
11. $GQRWDLILJGHQXPLLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHLQGLFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig.3
12. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig.4
22
24
13. $GQRWDLILJQRWDLIRUPDLXQLOHPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig.5
14. 1XPLLLFDUDFWHUL]DLIRUPHOHFRQVWLWXLRQDOHDOHWRUDFHOXLLGHIRUPULOHOXL
15. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLFHUHSUH]LQWLPDJLQLOH$%&
Fig.6
25
23
16. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLFHUHSUH]LQWLPDJLQLOHGLQHD
Fig.7
Aspect
superior
Aspect
anterior
Aspect
inferior
Fig.8
24
26
18. $GQRWDL ILJ LQGLFDL FH UHSUH]LQW LPDJLQLOH $ % & QRWDL SH LPDJLQL GHQXPLULOH
IRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig.9
19. 5HSURGXFHLGLQ&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPHVFKHPDFHQWULORUGHRVLILFDUHDscapulei.
27
25
20. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLUHDIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig.10
21. (QXPHUDLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHDOHFRDVWHORULRDVHORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHSDOSDELOHSHYLX
22. (QXPHUDLUHSHUHOHRVRDVHDOHWRUDFHOXLLQGLFkQGLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
23. 'HVFULHLUDGLRJUDPDWRUDFHOXL
24. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWHVXFFLQWHODWHPHOH
x 7LSXULOHFRQVWLWXLRQDOHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
x 'H]YROWDUHDLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDFRDVWHORULDVWHrnului.
26. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGWHPDVWXGLDWLLPSRUWDQDHLDSOLFDWLY
27. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWLOHSULYLQGGHPRQVWUDUHDSUH]HQWDUHDRUDOVDXvQVFULs a celor studiate.

28. QWUHEULFHLQGHWHPDVWXGLDW
29. ,QIRUPDLL VXSOLPHQWDUH OD WHP RELQXWH GH OD SURIHVRU VDX FROHJL vQ UH]XOWDWXO FRQWUROXOXL
VDXGLVFXLLORU
6HPQWXUDSURIHVRrului
28
26
Lucrarea nr. 5
Tema:
Scheletul membrului superior liber. Explorarea pe viu a oaselor membrului

superior.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. Segmentele scheletului membrului superior.
b. Humerusul SR]LLDDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXU
c. 2DVHOHDQWHEUDXOXL SR]LLHDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXUORFDOL]DUH
d. Scheletul minii - VHJPHQWHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUORFDOL]DUH
e. Dezvoltarea oaselor membrului superior, anomalii de dezvoltare.
f. 3DUWLFXODULWLOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHRDVHORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
g. PartiFXODULWLOHPRUIRIXQFLRQDOHDOHVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
h. Explorarea pe viu a oaselor membrului superior.
6FRSXOLPRWLYDLD OXFUULL:
)RUPDUHDFRPSHWHQHORUFHLQGHGH]YROWDUHDDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHSDUWLFXODULWLOH
PRUIRIXQFLRQDOH GH YkUVW L GH VH[ L D GHSULQGHULORU SULYLQG LGHQWLILFDUHD VLWXDUHD vQ
SR]LLHDQDWRPLFGHVFULHUHDGHPRQVWUDUHDLSUH]HQWDUHDRUDOVDXvQVFULVDHOHPHQWHORU
VWUXFWXUDOHDOHFRPSRQHQWHORUVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUSUHFXPLDSULFHSHULORUGH
DOHJVLSHUDGLRJUDPHLSHYLX
&XQRWLQHOH vQ FDX] VXQW LQGLVSHQVDELOH VWXGLHULL DUWLFXODLLORU PXFKLORU YDVHORU
VDQJYLQHLQHUYLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUGDULDWUDXPDWRORJLHLQHXURORJLHLUDGLRORJLHL
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1 L GLQ FRQLQXWXO WHPHL DFWXDOH VHOHFWDL VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH
VWXGLDL-OHQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
3. (QXPHUDLVHJPHQWHOHVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
4. Din coPSOHWXOGHSLHVHRVRDVHDOHJHLSUHSDUDWHOHQHFHVDUHVLWXDL-OHvQSR]LLDORUDQDWRPLF
L JVLL DH]DUHD ORU vQ SURSULXO FRUS VWXGLDL-OH VWUXFWXUD DFRUGkQG R GHRVHELW DWHQLH
HOHPHQWHORUGHVFULSWLYHSHFDUHWUHEXLHVYGHSULQGHLDOHGHPRQVWUDAnexa 1).
29
27
5. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHUHVSHFWLYH
Fig. 1
6. 'HVFULHLSR]LLDDQDWRPLFDKXPHUXVXOXL
7. (QXPHUDLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHDOHKXPHUXVXOXLSDOSDELOHSHYLX
28
30
8. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHHOHPHQWHORUGHVFULSWLYHPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 2
9. 'HVFULHLSR]LLDDQDWRPLFDUDGLXVXOXLLXOQHL
10. (QXPHUDLHOHPHQWHOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOH UDGLXVXOXLLXOQHLSDOSDELOHSHYLX
31
29
11. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLHOHPHQWHOHVWUXFWXUDOHPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 3
30
32
12. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHVWUXFWXULORULQGLFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig.4
13. $GQRWDL ILJ QRWDL GHQXPLUHD FHQWULORU GH RVLILFDUH L WHUPHQLL DSDULLHL ORU GXS
Culegerea de scheme).
a
b
c
d
Fig.5
33
31
14. ,QGLFDLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDRDVHORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUREVHUYDWHODSUHSDUDWHOHGLQ
completul de oase, schelet sau n muzeul anatomic.
15. (QXPHUDLPHWRGHOHGHH[SORUDUHSHYLXDVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
16. 'HVFULHLUDGLRJUDPHOHEUDXOXLDQWHEUDXOXLPkLQLL
17. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLYkUVWDSDFLHQWXOXL
Fig. 6
18. ,QGLFDLORFDOL]DUHDSHYLXDUHSHUHORURVoase ale membrului superior.
19. 3URQXQDL-YFXSULYLUHODXWLOL]DUHDVLQWDJPHORUPHPEUHVXSHULRDUHPHPEUHLQIHULRDUH
membre toracice, membre pelviene.
32
34
x Dezvoltarea oaselor membrului superior, anomalii de dezvoltare.
x 3DUWLFXODULWLOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHRDVHORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
x 3DUWLFXODULWLOHPRUIRIXQFLRQDOHDOHVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
21. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[DUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUUH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDtele.
22. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGPDWHULDOHOHVWXGLDWHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
23. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLVXILFLHQWGHSUHJWLWSHQWUXDGHPRQVWUDSHSUHSDUDWHLDH[SXQHFHOH
studiate.
25. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHDVXSUDWHPHLRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLLORUGHPRQVWUDLLORU
35
33
Lucrarea nr. 6
Tema:
Oasele centurii pelviene. Femurul.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Segmentele scheletului membrului inferior.

Coxalul SR]LLHDQDWRPLFFRPSRQHQWHVWUXFWXU
Femurul SR]LLHDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXU
'H]YROWDUHDRDVHORUFHQWXULLSHOYLHQHLDIHPXUXOXLLDQRPDOLLOHORUGHGH]YROWare.
%D]LQXORVRVvQDQVDPEOXSDUWLFXODULWLOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHRDVHORUED]LQXOXL
([SORUDUHDSHYLXDRDVHORUED]LQXOXLLDIHPXUXOXL
5HSHUHOHRVRDVHDOHED]LQXOXLLIHPXUXOXLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
Scopul:
'HDIRUPDODVWXGHQLFRPSHWHQHFXSULYLUHODVWUXFWXUDGH]YROWDUHDDQRPDOLLOH
GHGH]YROWDUHSDUWLFXODULWLOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[DRDVHORUFHQWXULLSHOYLHQHLD
IHPXUXOXL L OD H[SORUDUHD ORU SH YLX SUHFXP L D GHSULQGHULORU GH D LGHQWLILFD
VLWXD vQ SR]LLD DQDWRPLF IRUPDLXQLOH PHQLRQDWH GH D GHVFULH L GHPRQVWUD
VWUXFWXUDORUGHDOHVWDELOLORFDOL]DUHDvQFRUSLGHDOHUHFXQRDWHSHUDGLRJUDPH
0RWLYDLD:
,QIRUPDLLOH FH LQ GH SUH]HQWD WHP YRU IL XWLOH SHQWUX VWXGLHUHD DUWLFXODLLORU L
PXFKLORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUILLQGWRWRGDWLQGLVSHQVDELOHLQVWUXLULLvQGRPHQLXO
WUDXPDWRORJLHLREVWHWULFLLLJLQHFRORJLHLLPDJLVWLFLL
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. (YLGHQLDL VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHPD GDW FDUH VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ FKHVWLRQDU
(Anexa 1LFRQLQXWXOWHPHLVWXGLDL-OHQRWkQGIRUPXOULOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. (ODERUDLLUHSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDFRPSRQHQWHORUWHPHL
3. (QXPHUDLVHJPHQWHOHVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU
34
36
4. $GQRWDLILJFRPSOHWDLLPDJLQHDFXGHQXPLULOe respective.
Fig.1
5. 6HOHFWDLGLQFRPSOHWXOGHSLHVHRVRDVHSUHSDUDWHOHQHFHVDUHDUDQMDL-OHvQSR]LLHDQDWRPLF
L DSUHFLDL DPSODVDUHD ORU vQ SURSULXO FRUS VWXGLDL-OH FRQIRUPDLD L VWUXFWXUD *VLL SH
SUHSDUDWHLSHSURSULXOFRUSHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHSHFDUHFRQIRUPFKHVWLRQDUXOXLAnexa
1WUHEXLHVYGHSULQGHLDOHGHPRQVWUD
6. 'HVFULHLSR]LLDDQDWRPLFDFR[DOXOXL
37
35
7. $GQRWDLILJFRPSOHWDLLPDJLQLOHFXGHQXPLUHDIRUPDLXQLORU, marcate prin linii.

A
B
Fig. 2
36
38
8. 'HVFULHLSR]LLDDQDWRPLFDIHPXUXOXL
9. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHelementelor descriptive, marcate prin linii.
Fig. 3
39
37
10. $GQRWDLILJFRPSOHWDLLPDJLQHDFXGHQXPLULOHUHVSHFWLYHLQGLFDLYkUVWDDSUR[LPDWLYD
pacientului.
Fig. 4
11. 5HSURGXFHL GLQ &XOHJHUHD GH VFKHPH VFKHPHOH FHQWULORU GH RVLILFDUH D FR[DOXOXL L
femurului
12. (QXPHUDLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDFR[DOXOXLLIHPXUXOXL
13. 'HILQLLED]LQXORVRVHQXPHUDLFRPSRQHQWHOHLFRPSDUWLPHQWHOHOXL
38
40
14. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLFRPSDUWLPHQWHOHSODQXULOHOLPLWURIHDSHUWXULOHSHOYLVXOXL
Fig. 5
15. $GQRWDL ILJ LQGLFDL HOHPHQWHOH GLVWLQFWLYH FDUDFWHULVWLFH SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQ FHOH GRX
imagini.
A
B
Fig.6
16. (QXPHUDLPHWRGHOHGHH[SORUDUHDRDVHORUED]LQXOXLLDIHPXUXOXL
41
39
17. 'HVFULHLUDGLRJUDPDED]LQXOXL
18. (QXPHUDL HOHPHQWHOH GHVFULSWLYH DOH RDVHORU ED]LQXOXL L DOH IHPXUXOXL SDOpabile pe viu.
,QGLFDLORFDOL]DUHDSHYLXDUHSHUHORURVRDVHDOHROGXOXLLFRDSVHL
x 'H]YROWDUHDRDVHORUFHQWXULLSHOYLHQHLDIHPXUXOXL
x 3DUWLFXODULWLOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHRDVHORUFHQWXULLSHOYLHQHLIHPXUXOXL
20. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[DUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
21. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGFHOHVWXGLDWHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
22. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWDWHDGHDGHPRQVWUDSHSUHSDUDWHVFKHOHWLSHYLXPDWHULDOHOHVWXGLDWHL
de a le expune oral sau n scris.
23. QWUHEULDSUXWHvQSURFHVXOGHUHDOL]DUHDOXFUULL
24. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHUHIHULWRDUHODWHP
40
42
Lucrarea nr. 7
Tema:
2DVHOHJDPEHLLDOHSLFLRUXOXL.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
7LELDLILEXOD SR]LLHDQDWRPLFORFDOL]DUHVWUXFWXU
6FKHOHWXOSLFLRUXOXLFRPSRQHQWHORFDOL]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXU
Dezvoltarea oaselor JDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUH
3DUWLFXODULWLOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHRDVHORUJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXL
6FKHOHWXOSLFLRUXOXLvQDQVDPEOXSXQFWHOHGHVSULMLQEROLOHDUFXULOH
([SORUDUHDSHYLXDRDVHORUJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXL
Reperele osRDVHDOHJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
3DUWLFXODULWLOHPRUIRIXQFLRQDOHDOHVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU
Scopul:
,QRFXODUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH VWUXFWXUD GH]YROWDUHD DQRPDOLLOH VSHFLILFXO

YkUVWHL L VH[XOXL H[SORUDUHD SH YLX D RDVHORU JDPEHL L SLFLRUXOXL L HGXFDUHD
GHSULQGHULORUGHDOHLGHQWLILFDDUDQMDvQSR]LLHDQDWRPLFDSUHFLDORFDOL]DUHDORU
vQFRUSSHVFKHOHWLUDGLRJUDPHSUHFXPLGHDGHVFULHLGHPRQVWUDHOHPHQWHOH
lor constitutive.
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOH SULYLQGFRPSRQHQWHOHWHPHLVXQWQHFHVDUHSHQWUXVWXGLHUHDXOWHULRDU
D DUWLFXODLLORU L PXFKLORU JDPEHL L SLFLRUXOXL L YRU IL VROLFLWDWH vQ
WUDXPDWRORJLHRUWRSHGLHLPDJLVWLF
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. $OHJHL GLQ FKHVWLRQDU Anexa 1 L FRQLQXWXO WHPHL VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH FDUH LQ GH WHPD
DFWXDOVWXGLDL-OHFXDWHQLHLQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. 5HDOL]DLLUHGDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDFRPSRQHQWHORUWHPHL
3. 'LQFRPSOHWXOGHRDVHVHOHFWDLSLHVHOHQHFHVDUHDSUHFLDL-OHSR]LLDDQDWRPLFLORFDOL]DUHD
ORU vQ FRUS VWXGLDL-OH FRQIRUPDLD H[WHUQ L VWUXFWXUD LGHQWLILFDL SH SUHSDUDWH L SH FRUS
elementele descriptive conform chestionarului (Anexa 1SHFDUHWUHEXLHVYvQYDLDOH
demonstra.
4. (QXPHUDLWRDWHRDVHOHVFKHOHWXOXLJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXL
43
41
5. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQSXQFWH
Fig.1
6. 'HVFULHLSR]LLDDQDWRPLFDWLELHLLILEXOHL
7. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPDJLQHHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 2
42
44
8. AdnRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLULOHVHJPHQWHORUVFKHOHWXOXLSLFLRUXOXL
A
B
Fig. 3
9. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLULOHRDVHORUSLFLRUXOXL, marcate prin linii.
A
B
Fig. 4
45
43
10. 'HVFULHLSR]LLDDQDWRPLFDDVWUDJDOXOXLLFDOFDQHXOXL
11. $GQRWDLILJFRPSOHWDLLPDJLQHDFXWHUPHQLi respectivi.

A
Fig. 5
12. &HUHSUH]LQWILJ"'HQXPLLIRUPDLXQLOHLQGLFDWHSULQOLQLL
A
B
Fig. 6
44
46
13. $GQRWDLILJQXPLLFHQWULLGHRVLILFDUHLLQGLFDLWHUPHQLLDSDULLHLLFRQWRSLULLORU
A
B
Fig. 7
14. 'HILQLLILJLQGLFDLFHQWULLGHRVLILFDUHWLPSXODSDULLHLLIX]LRQULLORU
Fig.8
47
45
15. (QXPHUDLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDRDVHORUJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXL
16. 3HLPDJLQLOHGLQILJLQGLFDLEROLOHDUFXULOHLSXQFWHOHGHVSULMLQDOHSLFLRUXOXL
A
B
C
Fig.9
17. (QXPHUDLPHWRGHOHGHH[SORUDUHSHYLXDRDVHORUJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXL
18. 'HVFULHLUDGLRJUDPDUHSUH]HQWDWSHLPDJLQHDGLQILJ
Fig. 10
19. 1RWDLORFDOL]DUHDSHYLXDUHSHUHORURVRDVHDOHJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXL.
46
48
20. 6FULHLUHIHUDWHVXFFLQWHODWHPD
x 'H]YROWDUHDRDVHORUJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXLDQRPDOLL
x 3DUWLFXODULWLOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHRDVHORUJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXL
x 'HRVHELULOHPRUIRIXQFLRQDOHDOHVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU
21. 5H]ROYDLWHVWHOH UHIHULWRDUHODWHPQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
22. Care ar fi concluziile privind materialele studiate?
23. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLSUHJWLWVXILFLHQWSHQWUXDGHPRQVWUDLUHODWDFHOHVWXGLDWH
24. &KHVWLXQLOHUPDVHQHFODUH
25. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHFXSULYLUHODWHP
49
47
Lucrarea nr. 8
Tema:
Craniul JHQHUDOLWL FRPSRQHQWHOH L FRPSDUWLPHQWHOH OXL 2DVHOH FUDQLXOXL

cerebral frontalul, occLSLWDOXOLSDULHWDOXO VWUXFWXUH[SORUDUHSHYLX
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
'HILQLUHDFUDQLXOXLLUROXOOXLIXQFLRQDO
3DUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHRDVHORUFUDQLXOXL
2DVHOHFDUHLQWUvQFRPSRQHQDFUDQLXOXLLFRPSDUWLPHQWHOHOXL
Osul frontal DH]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSULFRPSRQHQWHVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
Occipitalul ORFDOL]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFFRPSRQHQWHVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
Parietalul VLWXDLHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
Centrii de osificare a frontalulXLRFFLSLWDOXOXLSDULHWDOXOXLWHUPHQLLDSDULLHLLFRQWRSLULLORU
Anomalii de dezvoltare a frontalului, occipitalului , parietalului.
Explorarea pe viu a frontalului, occipitalului, parietalului.
Scopul:
QVXLUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH SDUWLFXODULWLOH VWUXFWXUDOH DOH RDVHORU FUDQLXOXL

SULOHFRPSRQHQWHLH[SORUDUHDSHYLXDIURQWDOXOXLRFFLSLWDOXOXLSDULHWDOXOXLL
D GHSULQGHULORU GH D OH LGHQWLILFD OD VFKHOHW L SH YLX GH D OH VLWXD vQ SR]LLH
DQDWRPLFDGHVFULHLGHPRQVWUDVWUXFWXUDOor.
0RWLYDLD:
3ULFHSHULOHRELQXWHvQXUPDVWXGLHULLDFWXDOHLWHPHVXQWQHFHVDUHSHQWUXvQVXLUHD
XOWHULRDUvQGRPHQLXODQDWRPLHLWUDXPDWRORJLHLQHXURORJLHLLPDJLVWLFLLHWF
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6WXGLDLFXDWHQLHFRPSRQHQWHOHWHPHLFRQIUXQWkQGX-le cu subiectele din chestionar (Anexa
1IDFHLQRWLH
2. (ODERUDLLFRQVWUXLLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDWXWXURUFRPSRQHQWHORUWHPHL
48
50
3. 'HILQLLFUDQLXO1RWDLSHLPDJLQHDGLQILJGHQXPLULOHRDVHORUFDUHFRPSXQFUDQLXO
Fig.1
4. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPagine craniul cerebral, craniul YLVFHUDOEROWDLED]DFUDQLXOXL
Fig. 2
51
49
5. &HUHSUH]LQWLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ"$GQRWDLILJXUDLQGLFDLGHQXPLULOHLPDJLQLORU
A
B
Fig. 3
6. *VLLvQFRPSOHWXOGHRDVHIURQWDOXORFFLSLWDOXOLSDULHWDOXODUDQMDLILHFDUHGLQDFHVWHSLHVH
vQ SR]LLH DQDWRPLF DSUHFLDL ORFDOL]DUHD ORU vQ FUDQLX L SH YLX VWXGLDL-le structura,
LGHQWLILFDL HOHPHQWHOH ORU GHVFULSWLYH vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX FKHVWLRQDUXO (Anexa 1 QRWDL
GHQXPLUHDRDVHORUFUDQLXOXLFXFDUHDXUDSRUWXULLSRULXQLOHORUFRQVWLWXWLYH
7. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHLGHQXPLUHDORU
A
50
52
Fig. 4
8. ([SOLFDLFHUHSUH]LQWILJ"
Fig. 5
9. 5HSURGXFHL GLQ &XOHJHUHD GH VFKHPH VFKHPD FHQWULORU GH RVLILFDUH D IURQWDOXOXL QRWDL
WHUPHQLLDSDULLHLLFRQWRSLULORU
53
51
10. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHLGenumirile lor.

A
Fig. 6
11. &HUHSUH]LQWILJ"&RPSOHWDLLQGLFDLLOH
Fig. 7
12. 5HSURGXFHLGLQ&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPHVFKHPD FHQWULORUGHRVLILFDUHDRFFLSLWDOXOXLQRWDL

WHUPHQLLDSDULLHLLFRQWRSLULlor
52
54
13. 'HVFULHLSLHVDRVRDVGLQILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHWHUPHQLLUHVSHFWLYL
A
B
Fig.8
14. ,QGLFDLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDIURQWDOXOXLRFFLSLWDOXOXLLSDULHWDOXOXLUHSUH]HQWDWHSULQ
imaginile din fig. 9.
A
B
C
55
53
Fig.9
15. (QXPHUDL HOHPHQWHOH GHVFULSWLYH DOH IURQWDOXOXL RFFLSLWDOXOXL L SDULHWDOXOXL SDOSDELOH SH
YLXLQGLFDLUHJLXQLOHvQFDUHSRWILSDOSDWH
16. (ODERUDLXQUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD3DUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHRaselor craniului.

17. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[DUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDGDWUH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
18. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDVWXGLDWLQGLFDLLPSRUWDQDDSOLFDWLYDIRUPDLXQLORU
cercetate.
19. &RQWURODL-YSULFHSHULOHSULYLQGGHPRQVWUDUHDLUHODWDUHDFHORUVWXGLDWH
20. QWUHEULUHIHULWRDUHODWHP
21. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHRELQXWHvQXUPDFRQWUROXOXLGHFWUHSURIHVRUVDXDGLVFXLLORUDVXSUD
temei.
56
54
Lucrarea nr. 9
Tema:
Oasele craniului cerebral VIHQRLGXOLHWPRLGXO VWUXFWXUH[SORUDUHSHYLX
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. Osul sfenoid DH]DUHSULFRQVWLWXWLYHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO

b. Etmoidul ORFDOL]DUH vQ FUDQLX SUL FRPSRQHQWH SR]LLH DQDWRPLF VWUXFWXU UROXO OXL vQ
c.
d.
e.
f.
craniu.
Sinusurile paranazale frontal, sfenoid, etmoid ORFDOL]DUHFRPXQLFULUROIXQFLRQDO
&HQWULLGHRVLILFDUHDVIHQRLGXOXLLHWPRLGXOXLWHUPHQLLDSDULLHLLFRntopirii lor.
$QRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDRVXOXLVIHQRLGLDRVXOXLHWPRLG
([SORUDUHDSHYLXDVIHQRLGXOXLLHWPRLGXOXL
Scopul:
)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG ORFDOL]DUHD vQ FUDQLX SR]LLD DQDWRPLF SULOH

FRPSRQHQWH UROXO IXQFLRQDO DO VIHQRLGXOXL L HWPRLGXOXL L D DELOLWLORU GH D OH
LGHQWLILFDDH]DvQSR]LLHDQDWRPLFGHVFULHLGHPRQVWUDVWUXFWXUDLH[SORUDUHD
lor pe viu.
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHPD GDW YRU IL XWLOH vQ VWXGLXO XOWHULRU DO DQDWRPLHL
traumatologiei, neurologiei, otorinolaringologiei, imagisticii.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDL GLQ FKHVWLRQDU Anexa 1 VXELHFWHOH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHP FRQIUXQWDL-le cu
FRPSRQHQWHOHWHPHLVWXGLDL-OHHIHFWXDLQRWLH
2. QWRFPLLLSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFa componentelor temei.
3. )RUPXODLGHILQLLDVLQXVXULORUSDUDQD]DOH
4. 3HFUDQLXOvQDQVDPEOXFRPSOH[HGHRDVHDOHDFHVWXLDVDXRDVHVHSDUDWHVWXGLDLORFDOL]DUHD
SR]LLDDQDWRPLFSULOHFRPSRQHQWHVWUXFWXUDVIHQRLGXOXLLHWPRLGului. n conformitate cu
chestionarul (Anexa1LGHQWLILFDLHOHPHQWHOHORUGHVFULSWLYHLQFOXVLYFHOHH[SORUDELOHSHYLX.
57
55
5. (QXPHUDLSULOHFRPSRQHQWHDOHVIHQRLGXOXLLRDVHOHFXFDUHHOFRQWDFWHD]
6. $GQRWDLILJQRWDLSHLPDJLQLGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig.1
D
56
58
7. (QXPHUDLSULOHFRPSRQHQWHDOHHWPRLGXOXLLRDVHOHFXFDUHDUHUDSRUWXUL
8. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQLGHQXPLUHDVWUXFWXULORULQGLFDWHSULQOLQLL
A
B
Fig. 2
59
57
9. (QXPHUDLFRPXQLFULOHVLQXVXULORUIURQWDOVIHQRLGHWPRLGLLQGLFDLWHUPHQLLDSDULLHLORU.
10. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHVFKHPDGDWORFDOL]DUHDVLQXVXULORUIURQWDOVIHQRLGHWPRLG
Fig. 3
11. IdenWLILFDLSHUDGLRJUDPDFUDQLXOXLORFDOL]DUHDVLQXVXULORUSDUDQD]DOHGHVFULHL-le.
12. ,QGLFDLUROXOIXQFLRQDOLLPSRUWDQDDSOLFDWLYDVLQXVXULORUSDUDQD]DOH.
13. 5HSURGXFHL GLQ &XOHJHUHD GH VFKHPH VFKHPD FHQWULORU GH RVLILFDUH D RVXOXL Vfenoid,
LQGLFDLWHUPHQLLDSDULLHLLFRQWRSLULLORU
58
60
14. (QXPHUDL PHWRGHOH GH H[SORUDUH SH YLX D VIHQRLGXOXL L HWPRLGXOXL QRWDL HOHPHQWHOH ORU
descriptive, palpabile pe viu.
15. (ODERUDLXQPLFUHIHUDWODWHPD$QRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDRDVHORUVIHQRLGLHWPRLG
16. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOHAnexa 2UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
17. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLFXSULYLUHODPDWHULDOHOHVWXGLDWHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
18. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWDWHDGH DGHPRQVWUDLUHODWDFHOHVWXGLDWH

20. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHFXSULYLUHODWHPDGDW
61
59
Lucrarea nr. 10
Tema:
Osul temporal VWUXFWXULH[SORUDUHSHYLX
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
/RFDOL]DUHDvQFUDQLXSR]LLDDQDWRPLFLUROXOIXQFLRQDODORVXOXLWHPSRUDO
3RULXQLOHFRQVWLWXWLYHDOHWHPSRUDOXOXLSR]LLDORUvQFDGUXORVXOXL
Solzul DH]DUHIHHPDUJLQLVWUXFWXU
3RULXQHDSHWURPDVWRLGLDQ VWkQFDSLUDPLGDLDSRIL]DPDVWRLGLDQ ORFDOL]DUHVWUXFWXU
WLSXULOHDSRIL]HLPDVWRLGLHQHWHUPHQLLDSDULLHLFHOXOHORUPDVWRLGLHQH
e. 3RULXQHDWLPSDQLF DH]DUHVWUXFWXU
f. &DYLWLOHLFDQDOHOHRVXOXLWHPSRUal.
g. Explorarea pe viu a temporalului.
Scopul:
,QRFXODUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH ORFDOL]DUHD SULOH FRPSRQHQWH L VWUXFWXUD

WHPSRUDOXOXLSUHFXPLIRUPDUHDGHSULQGHULORUGHDLGHQWLILFDRVXOLSULOHFDUH
vODOFWXLHVFLDOVLWXDvQSR]LLHDQDWRPLFDGHVFULHLGHPRQVWUDHOHPHQWHOHOXL
VWUXFWXUDOHLDOHH[SORUDSHYLX
0RWLYDLD:
3ULFHSHUHD PRUIRORJLHL WHPSRUDOXOXL HVWH LQGLVSHQVDELO VWXGLHULL DQDWRPLHL

RUJDQXOXL YHVWLEXORFKRKOHDU ILLQG WRWRGDW H[WUHP GH LPSRUWDQW SHQWUX
traumatologie, neuURORJLH LPDJLVWLF L vQ VSHFLDO SHQWUX RWRULQRODULQJRORJLH
(tratamentul chirurgical al otitelor, mastoiditelor etc.).
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1 VHOHFWDL VXELHFWHOH FDUH VH UHIHU OD PRUIRORJLD WHPSRUDOXOXL
FRPSDUDL-le cu subtemHOHGHPDLVXVVWXGLDL-OHIDFHLQRWLH
2. (ODERUDLLUHGDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDVXEWHPHORU
3. )RUPXODLRGHILQLLHDWHPSRUDOXOXLLQGLFDLUROXOOXLIXQFLRQDO
4. 3H SLHVH RVRDVH VHSDUDWH L FUDQLXO vQ DQVDPEOX VWXGLDL ORFDOL]DUHD SR]LLD DQDWRPLF
SRULXQLOH L VWUXFWXUD WHPSRUDOXOXL ,GHQWLILFDL HOHPHQWHOH GHVFULSWLYH vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX
chestionarul (Anexa 1).
60
62
5. $GQRWDLILJQRWDLSHLPDJLQHRDVHOHFXFDUHWHPSRUDOXODUHUDSRUWXUL
Fig.1
6. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLULOHSRULXQLORUFRPSRQHQWHDOHWHPSRUDOXOXL
Fig. 2
63
61
7. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHVWUXFWXULORULQGLFDWHSULQOLQLLLFLIUH
Fig. 3
62
64
8. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLODWHUDOGHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 4
9. (QXPHUDLWLSXULOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHDSRIL]HLPDVWRLGLHQH.
10. 1RWDLWHUPHQLLDSDULLHLFHOXOHORUPDVWRLGLHQH
11. (QXPHUDL PHWRGHOH GH H[SORUDUH SH YLX D WHPSRUDOXOXL QRWDL HOHPHQWHOH OXL VWUXFWXUDOH
palpabile pe viu.
65
63
12. 'HVFULHLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDOHRVXOXLWHPSRUDO
13. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[DUHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
14. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLFXSULYLUHODWHPDVWXGLDWLLPSRUWDQDHLDSOLFDWLY
15. &RQWURODL-YJUDGXOGHSUHJWLUHSHQWUXDGHPRQVWUDLSUH]HQWDPDWHULDOXOVWXGLDW
64
66
Lucrarea nr. 11
Tema:
Oasele craniului facial VWUXFWXULH[SORUDUHSHYLX
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Craniul facial (viscerocraniul) componente, rROIXQFLRQDO

Maxila ORFDOL]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSULFRQVWLWXWLYHVWUXFWXU
Osul palatin DH]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSULFRPSRQHQWHVWUXFWXU
Mandibula ORFDOL]DUHvQFUDQLXSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSULOHDOFWXLWRDUHVWUXFWXUGH]YROWDUH
Oasele mici ale craniului facial zigomatic, nazal, lacrimal, cornetul nazal inferior, vomerul,
hioidul ORFDOL]DUHFRQIRUPDLHH[WHUQVWUXFWXU
f. Sinusul maxilar ORFDOL]DUHUROIXQFLRQDOLDSOLFDWLY
g. Explorarea pe viu a oaselor craniului facial.
Scopul:
0RWLYDLD:
)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG ORFDOL]DUHD FRPSRQHQD SR]LLD DQDWRPLF

VWUXFWXUD RDVHORU YLVFHURFUDQLXOXL L D GHSULQGHULORU GH D OH GHVFULH GHPRQVWUD L
explora pe viu..
,QIRUPDLLOH L DELOLWLOH RELQXWH vQ UH]XOWDWXO UHDOL]ULL SUH]HQWHL OXFUUL VXQW
LPSRUWDQWH SHQWUX FKLUXUJLD PD[LORIDFLDO VWRPDWRORJLH WUDXPDWRORJLH 25/
RIWDOPRORJLHLPDJLVWLFHWF
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. &RQVXOWDL FKHVWLRQDUXO Anexa 1 VHOHFWDL VXELHFWHOH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHP FRPSDUDL-le cu
suEWHPHOHGHPDLVXVFRPSOHWDL-OHVWXGLDL-OHFXDWHQLHQRWDLHOHPHQWHOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. &RQVWUXLLJUDILFVWUXFWXULORJLFHSHQWUXILHFDUHVXEWHP
3. (QXPHUDLRDVHOHFUDQLXOXLIDFLDOLQGLFDLUROXOOXLIXQFLRQDO
4. Pe piese osoasH VHSDUDWH FRPSOH[H GH RDVH DOH FUDQLXOXL IDFLDO L SH FUDQLXO vQ DQVDPEOX
VWXGLDL SR]LLD DQDWRPLF ORFDOL]DUHD L VWUXFWXUD ILHFUXL RV vQ SDUWH ,GHQWLILFDL SH
preparate toate elementele descriptive, enumerate n chestionar (Anexa 1).
67
65
5. 'HVFULHL ORFDOL]DUHD SR]LLD DQDWRPLF L UDSRUWXULOH PD[LOHL HQXPHUDL SULOH HL

componente.
6. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQLGHQXPLULOHVWUXFWXULORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
A
B
Fig.1
66
68
7. (QXPHUDLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDPD[LOHL'HVFULHLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ
A
B
C
Fig. 2
8. (QXPHUDLSULOHFRPSRQHQWHDOHRVXOXLSDODWLQ
9. $GQRWDLILJQRWDLGHQXPLULOHHOHPHQWHORULQGLFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 3
69
67
10. (QXPHUDL SULOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH PDQGLEXOHL 'HVFULHL ORFDOL]DUHD HL SR]LLD DQDWRPLF
raporturile cu alte oase ale craniului.
11. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLULOHHOHPHQWHORUHYLGHQLDWHGLQLPDJLQL.
A
B
Fig. 4
12. 5HSURGXFHLGLQ&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPHVFKHPDFHQWULORUGHRVLILFDUHDPDQGLEXOHL.
68
70
13. &RPSDUDL LPDJLQLOH GLQ ILJ QRWDL SDUWLFXODULWLOH VWUXFWXUDOH DOH PDQGLEXOHL vQ GLYHUVH
pHULRDGHGHYkUVW
Fig. 5
n-n
3 ani
6 ani
Adult
Edentat
14. 'HVFULHL RDVHOH SUH]HQWDWH SULQ LPDJLQLOH GLQ ILJ QRWDL GHQXPLULOH HOHPHQWHORU ORU
descriptive.
A
B
Fig.6
71
69
15. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLORFDOL]DUHDLSULOHFRPSRQHQWe ale piesei osoase din imagine.
Fig.7
16. ,QGLFDLWHUPHQLLDSDULLHLVLQXVXOXLPD[LODUPRGLILFULOHOXLvQGLYHUVHSHULRDGHGHYkUVWL
LPSRUWDQDOXLDSOLFDWLY
17. 1XPLL PHWRGHOH GH H[SORUDUH SH YLX D RDVHORU FUDQLXOXL IDFLDO LQGLFDL elementele lor
descriptive palpabile pe viu.
18. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D)UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
20. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWDWHDGHDGHPRQVWUDLSUH]HQWDPDWHULDOXOVWXGLDW
70
72
Lucrarea nr. 12
Tema:
Craniul n ansamblu.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. &UDQLXOFHUHEUDOLFUDQLXOIDFLDO GHILQLLLUROIXQFLRQDOGHOLPLWUL
b. Bolta craniului GHILQLLH SURLHFLD OLQLHL OLPLWURIH GLQWUH HD L ED]D FUDQLXOXL RDVHOH
c.
d.
e.
f.
FRPSRQHQWHIHHVXWXULUHOLHI
Baza craniului defiQLLHRDVHOHFRPSRQHQWHHQGRED]DLH[RED]DIRVHHWDMHUHOLHI
Orbita ORFDOL]DUHSHUHLUHOLHIFRPXQLFUL
&DYLWDWHDQD]DO ORFDOL]DUHSHUHLFRPSDUWLPHQWHFRPXQLFUL
)RVHOHWHPSRUDOLQIUDWHPSRUDOSWHULJRSDODWLQ SHUHLFRPXQLFUL
Scopul:
)DPLOLDUL]DUHD FX WRSRJUDILD FUDQLXOXL vQ DQVDPEOX L FX FHD D FRPSDUWLPHQWHORU

OXL vQ VSHFLDO L IRUPDUHD GHSULQGHULORU SULYLQG GHVFULHUHD L GHPRQVWUDUHD
elementelor structurale care le compun.
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOHLGHSULQGHULOHGREkQGLWHvQUH]XOWDWXOUHDOL]ULLDFWXDOHLOXFUULYRUIL
XWLOH SHQWUX VWXGLHUHD XOWHULRDU D DQDWRPLHL VLVWHPLFH L FOLQLFH D FDSXOXL L D
RUJDQHORU ORFDOL]DWH OD QLYHOXO OXL SUHFXP L D QHXURORJLHL FKLUXUJLHL PD[LORfaciale, oftalmologiei, ORL, imagisticii etc.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDLGLQFKHVWLRQDUAnexa 1VXELHFWHOHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPFRPSDUDL-OHFXFRQLQXWXO
WHPHLVWXGLDL-OHQRWDLWH]HOHLPSRUWDQWH
2. (ODERUDLVWUXFWXULORJLFHSHQWUXILHFDUHVXEWHPUHSUH]HQWDL-le grafic.
3. PHFUDQLXOvQDQVDPEOXED]HLVHFLXQLVDJLWDOHLIURQWDOHDOHDFHVWXLDVWXGLDLIRUPDLXQLOH
LQGLFDWHvQFRQLQXWXOWHPHLLvQFKHVWLRQDUAnexa 1).
4. (QXPHUDLIRUPDLXQLOHFDUHDOFWXLHVFOLQLDOLPLWURIGLQWUHED]DFUDQLXOXLLFDOYDULDOXL
73
71
5. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHVWUXFWXULORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig.1
6. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLULOHHOHPHQWHORUPDUFDWH
Fig. 2
7. 1RWDLIRUPDLXQLOHFDUHVHSDUIRVHOHHQGRED]HLFUaniului una de alta.
72
74
8. (QXPHUDL RDVHOH VDX SULOH ORU FRPSRQHQWH FDUH SDUWLFLS OD IRUPDUHD IRVHORU DQWHULRDU
PHGLHLSRVWHULRDUDHQGRED]HLFUDQLXOXL
9. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLIRVHOHHQGRED]HLFUDQLXOXLLRDVHOHFDUHOHIRUPHD].
Fig. 3
10. (QXPHUDL FRPXQLFULOH IRVHORU HQGRED]HL FUDQLXOXL LQGLFDL IRUPDLXQLOH QHXURYDVFXODUH

care trec prin ele.
75
73
11. 1XPLLUHJLXQLOHH[RED]HLFUDQLXOXLLQGLFDLOLQLLOHORUGHGHPDUFDLH
12. $GQRWDLILJGHQXPLLHOHPHQWHOHPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 4
13. (QXPHUDL SHUHLL RUELWHL LQGLFDL RDVHOH VDX SRULXQLOH GH RDVH FDUH vL IRUPHD] L
FRPXQLFULOHFXFRQLQXWXOORU
74
76
14. $GQRWDLILJGHQXPLLHOHPHQWHOHLQGLFDWHSULQOLQLL.
Fig.5
15. 'HVFULHLVWUXFWXUDSHUHLORUFDYLWLLQD]DOHFRPSDUWLPHQWHOHLFRPXQLFULOHORU
16. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLGHQXPLULOHHOHPHQWHORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
A
B
Fig.6
77
75
17. 'HVFULHLGHOLPLWULOHIRVHORUWHPSRUDO LLQIUDWHPSRUDOQRWDLFRPXQLFULOHORU
18. 'HVFULHLSHUHLLIRVHLSWHULJRSDODWLQHHQXPHUDLFRPXQLFULOHHLLLQGLFDLIRUPDLXQLOHFDUH
trec prin ele.
19. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D)UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]ultatele.
23. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHFXSULYLUHODWHPD GDW
76
78
Lucrarea nr. 13
Tema:
3DUWLFXODULWLOH PRUIRORJLFH LQGLYLGXDOH GH YkUVW L GH VH[ DOH FUDQLXOXL

explorarea lui pe viu.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. DezYROWDUHDFUDQLXOXLFHUHEUDOLYLVFHUDO
b. Craniul nou-QVFXWXOXLLPRGLILFULOHOXLSRVWQDWDOHSDUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWDOHFUDQLXOXL
c. Arhitectura craniului OLQLL VWkOSLL DUFXUL FSULRUL GH UH]LVWHQ LPSRUWDQD ORU
d.
e.
f.
g.
IXQFLRQDOLDSOLFDWLY
Explorarea pe viu a craniului.
1RLXQLJHQHUDOHGHVSUHFUDQLRPHWULHSXQFWHFUDQLRPHWULFHLQGLFLFUDQLHQL
3DUWLFXODULWLFRQVWLWXLRQDOHUDVLDOHGHVH[LLQGLYLGXDOHDOHFUDQLXOXL
Cranii asimetrice, deformate natural sau artificial, oase suturare (vormLHQHLIRQWLFXODUH
Scopul:
3XQHUHD OD FXUHQW FX LQIRUPDLLOH GHVSUH SDUWLFXODULWLOH LQGLYLGXDOH L PHWRGHOH

GHH[SORUDUHDFUDQLXOXLIRUPDUHDFXQRWLQHORUSULYLQGDUKLWHFWXUDGH]YROWDUHDL
PRGLILFULOH OXL SRVWQDWDOH SUHFXP L D GHSULQGHULORU FH LQ GH GHVFULHUHD L
GHPRQVWUDUHD SH SUHSDUDWH UDGLRJUDPH L SH YLX D HOHPHQWHORU VWUXFWXUDOH DOH
acestuia.
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOHLGHSULQGHULOHPHQLRQDWHVXQWQHFHVDUHSHQWUXVWXGLHUHDXOWHULRDUD
pediatriei, obstetricii, traumatologiei, neuroORJLHL LPDJLVWLFLL L vQVXLUHD
PHWRGHORUGHH[SORUDUHDQWURSRPHWULF
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDLGLQFKHVWLRQDUAnexa 1VXELHFWHOHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPFRPSDUDL-le cu subtemele
GHPDLVXVVWXGLDL-OHQRWDLWH]HOHLPSRUWDQWH
2. &RQVWUXLLVWUXFWXULORJLFHSHQWUXILHFDUHVXEWHPUHSUH]HQWDL-le grafic.
79
77
A
B
78
Fig.1
80
4. (QXPHUDLSDUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHFUDQLXOXLODSHUVRDQHOHGHYkUVWvQDLQWDW
5. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPDJLQLGHQXPLULOHUHVSHFWLYH
A
B
Fig. 2
6. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSXQFWHOHFUDQLRPHWULFH
Fig.3
81
79
7. (QXPHUDL IRUPHOH FRQVWLWXLRQDOH DOH FUDQLXOXL LQGLFDL LQGLFLL FUDQLHQL FDUH OH
FDUDFWHUL]HD]
8. $GQRWDLILJH[SOLFDLLPDJLQLOHGLQHD
A
Fig. 4
9. $GQRWDLILJ H[SOLFDLFHGHPRQVWUHD]LPDJLQLOHGLQHD
80
Fig.5
82
10. 'HVFULHLIRUPHOHGHDVLPHWULHDFUDQLXOXLSUH]HQWDWHvQILJ
Fig.6
11. 'HVFULHLRDVHOHVXWXUDUHLIRQWLFXODUHGLQFROHFLDPX]HXOXLFDWHGUHL
83
81
12. 'HVFULHL UDGLRJUDPHOH FUDQLXOXL vQ SURLHFLH DQWHURSRVWHULRDU L ODWHUDO HQXPHUDL

elementele structurale ale craniului, palpabile pe viu.
13. (ODERUDLXQVFXUWUHIHUDWODWHPD'H]YROWDUHDFUDQLXOXL.
14. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D)UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
82
84
Lucrarea nr. 15
Tema:
$UWURVLQGHVPRORJLH JHQHUDO /HJWXULOH Raselor craniului clasificare,

VWUXFWXUH[SORUDUHSHYLX
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. 5ROXOOHJWXULORUGLQWUHRDVHvQFDGUXODSDUDWXOXLGHVXVLQHUHLPLFDUH
b. &DUDFWHULVWLFDJHQHUDOLFODVLILFDUHDXQLULORUGLQWUHRDVH
c. 6LQDUWUR]HOHLKHPLDUWUR]HOH tipuriVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
d. Diartrozele VWUXFWXU JHQHUDO SULQFLSLL GH FODVLILFDUH WLSXUL HOHPHQWHOH ORU VWUXFWXUDOH
SULQFLSDOHLDX[LOLDUH
e. )XQFLLOHDUWLFXODLLORUWLSXULOHGHPLFULFDUHDXORFvQHOH
f. 'H]YROWDUHDMRQFLXQLORUGLQWUHRDVHDQomalii de dezvoltare.
g. 1RLXQLJHQHUDOHGHVSUHH[SORUDUHDSHYLXDOHJWXULORUGLQWUHRDVH
h. Unirile oaselor craniului FODVLILFDUHSDUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVW)RQWDQHOHOHLVXWXULOHWLSXULOH
de suturi, explorare pe viu.
i. $UWLFXODLDWHPSRURPDQGLEXODU sWUXFWXUIXQFLLH[SORUDUHSHYLX
'XUDWDOXFUULLSUDFWLFH - 3 ore.
Scopul:
)DPLOLDUL]DUHD FX WLSXULOH GH MRQFLXQL DOH RDVHORU IRUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU L D

GHSULQGHULORU SULYLQG DUWURVLQGHVPRORJLD JHQHUDO L vQ VSHFLDO XQLULOH RDVHORU
craniului.
MRWLYDLD: &XQRWLQHOH vQ GRPHQLXO DUWURVLQGHVPRORJLHL JHQHUDOH VXQW QHFHVDUH QX QXPDL
SHQWUXVWXGLHUHDXOWHULRDUDWXWXURUMRQFLXQLORUGLQWUHRDVHGDULDWUDXPDWRORJLHL
neurologiei, pediatriei, imagisticii, obstetricii, kinetoterapiei etc.
RealizarHDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1 LSUDFWLFHVHOHFWDLVXELHFWHOHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUVWXGLDLle din sursele indicate folosind oase separate, preparate ale art. temporomandibulare,
SUHSDUDWHGHPX]HXPXODMHILOPHYLGHRSODQHDWODVHQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. $OFWXLLVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLORJLFHDFRPSRQHQWHORUWHPHL
3. 5HSURGXFHLGXS&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPHVFKHPDFODVLILFULLXQLULORUGLQWUHRDVH
85
83
4. (QXPHUDLLFDUDFWHUL]DLWLSXULOHGHVLQDUWUR]H
5. ReprezenWDLJUDILFVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLGLDUWUR]HORULQGLFDLHOHPHQWHOHORUSULQFLSDOH
6. (QXPHUDLLFDUDFWHUL]DLHOHPHQWHOHSULQFLSDOHDOHGLDUWUR]HORU
7. (QXPHUDLLFDUDFWHUL]DLHOHPHQWHOHDX[LOLDUHDOHGLDUWUR]HORU
8. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPDJLQLOHGLQHDGHQXPLULOHIRUPHORUIHHORUDUWLFXODUH
A
B
C
D
E
Fig. 1
84
86
9. (QXPHUDLPLFULOHFDUHDXORFvQDUWLFXODLLOHXQL-, bi- LSOXULD[LDOH
10. (QXPHUDLIDFWRULLFDUHGHWHUPLQGLUHFLDLDPSOLWXGLQHDPLFULORUvQDUWLFXODLL
11. &DUDFWHUL]DLDUWLFXODLLOHVLPSOHFRPSXVHFRPSOH[HLFRPELQDWHGDLH[HPSOH
12. 3UH]HQWDLWLSXULOHGHOHJWXULDOHRDVHORUFUDQLXOXL
13. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPDJLQLGHQXPLULOHLWLSXULOHVXWXULORU
A
B
87
85
Fig.2
14. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLIRUPDLXQLOHPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
86
Fig. 3
88
15. $GQRWDL ILJ FRPSOHWDL OHJHQGD LPDJLQLORU &DUDFWHUL]DL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH
DUWLFXODLHLWHPSRURPDQGLEXODUH
A
B
Fig. 4
16. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUFDSVXOROLJDPHQWDUH
Fig.5
17. $GQRWDLILJGHQXPLLPLFULOHLQGLFDWHSHLPDJLQHSULQVJHL
Fig.6
89
87
18. EQXPHUDLSDUWLFXODULWLOHFDUHFDUDFWHUL]HD]DUWLFXODLDWHPSRURPDQGLEXODU.
19. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D), referitoare la tema nr. 15, rH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
20. &RQWURODL-YJUDGXOGHSUHJWLUHSHQWUXDUHODWDLGHPRQVWUD cele studiate.

22. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLLORUDVXSUDWHPHL
88
90
Lucrarea nr. 16
Tema:
$UWLFXODLLOH FRORDQHL YHUWHEUDOH VWUXFWXU PLFUL &RORDQD YHUWHEUDO vQ

ansamblu, explorarea ei pe viu.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. &ODVLILFDUHDMRQFLXQLORUFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
b. /HJWXULOHGLQWUHFRUSXULOHYHUWHEUHORU
c. /HJWXULOHGLQWUH arcurile vertebrelor.
d. $UWLFXODLLOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHFXFUDQLXO
e. &RORDQDYHUWHEUDOvQDQVDPEOXUROXOHLIXQFLRQDO
f. 3DUWLFXODULWLOHGHYkUVWDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
g. Explorarea pe viu a coloanei vertebrale.
'XUDWDOXFUULLSUDFWLFH 3 ore
Scopul:
Familiarizarea cu complexul osteoligamentar care constituie segmentul axial al

FRUSXOXL IRUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG ELRPHFDQLFD SDUWLFXODULWLOH GH YkUVW
LH[SORUDUHDSHYLXDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOH SUHY]XWH GH SUH]HQWD WHP VXQW QHFHVDUH SHQWUX VWXGLHUHD

PXFKLORU YDVHORU VDQJYLQH QHUYLORU WUXQFKLXOXL DQDWRPLHL WRSRJUDILFH L D
chirurgiei operatorii, traumatologiei, neurologiei, neurochirurgiei, imagisticii,
reabilitologiei, medicinei sportive etc.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDL GLQ FKHVWLRQDU Anexa 1 VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH L SUDFWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHP
FRQIUXQWDL-OHFX FRPSRQHQWHOHWHPHLVWXGLDL-OHGXSVXUVHOHLQGLFDWHXWLOL]kQGYHUWHEUH
VHSDUDWHSUHSDUDWHDOHDUWLFXODLLORUFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHPXODMHSUHSDUDWe de muzeu, filme
YLGHRDWODVHSODQHHWFQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. (ODERUDLVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLORJLFHDWHPHLLVXEWHPHORU
3. (ODERUDLRVFKHPSURSULHDFODVLILFULLMRQFLXQLORUFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
4. (QXPHUDLWRDWHWLSXULOHGHOHJWXULDOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHGDLH[HPSOH
91
89
5. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLOHJHQGDGDLFDUDFWHULVWLFDPRUIRORJLFDGLVFXULORULQWHUYHUWHEUDOH
vQGHSHQGHQGHYkUVWLVH[
A
B
C
Fig. 1
6. (QXPHUDLFRPSRQHQWHOHGLVFXULORULQWHUYHUWHEUDOHLIXQFLLOHORU
7. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
A
B
C
Fig. 2
90
92
8. ([SOLFDL FH UHSUH]LQW DUWLFXODLLOH XQFRYHUWHEUDOH L vQ FDUH VHJPHQW DO FRORDQHL
vertebrale sunt localizate.
9. 1XPLLIHHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLLORU]LJDSRIL]LDOHLQGLFDLFRQILJXUDLDORULWLSXULOH
GHGLDUWUR]HSHFDUHOHIRUPHD]vQGLYHUVHVHJPHQWHDOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
10. (QXPHUDL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH DUWLFXODLLORU DWODQWRRFFLSLWDO L DWODQWRD[LDOH LQGLFDL

IRUPDORULWLSXULOHGHGLDUWUR]HSHFDUHOHIRUPHD]
11. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLOHJHQGD
A
Fig. 3
12. (QXPHUDL PLFULOH FDUH DX ORF vQ FRORDQD YHUWHEUDO LQGLFDL UROXO OLJDPHQWHORU L
PRGLILFULOHSHFDUHOHVXSRUWGLVFXULOHLQWHUYHUWHEUDOHvQFDGUXODFHVWRUPLFUL
93
91
13. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPDJLQLPLFULOHDPSOLWXGLQHDFURUDHGDWvQJUDGH
A
B
G
Fig.4
14. ([SOLFDLQRLXQHDGHPRWRVHJPHQWDOFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
15. 'HVFULHLUDGLRJUDPDDUWLFXODLLORUXQXLVHJPHQWDOFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
x
x
92
0RGLILFULOHGHYkUVWDOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
Metodele de explorare pe viu a coloanei vertebrale.
94
17. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D) UHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUUH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
18. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGFHOHVWXGLDWHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
19. &RQWURODL GDF VXQWHL SUHJWLW vQGHDMXQV SHQWUX D SUH]HQWD RUDO VDX vQ VFULV L
demonstra materialele studiate.
20. QWUHEULDSUXWHSHSDUFXUVXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLQU
21. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLLORUGHPRQVWUDLLORU
Controlul reali]ULLOXFUULLDSUHFLHULVXJHVWLLUHFRPDQGDLL

95
93
Lucrarea nr. 17
Tema:
$UWLFXODLLOH WRUDFHOXL FODVLILFDUH VWUXFWXU IXQFLL 7RUDFHOH vQ DQVDPEOX

$UWLFXODLLOHFHQWXULLVFDSXODUH VWUXFWXUPLFULH[SORUDUHSHYLX
CRQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. &ODVLILFDUHDDUWLFXODLLORUWRUDFHOXL
b. $UWLFXODLLOHFRVWRYHUWHEUDOH VWUXFWXUIXQFLL
c. $UWLFXODLLOHFRDVWHORUFXVWHUQXO VWUXFWXUIXQFLL
d. 7RUDFHOHvQDQVDPEOXPLFULOHOXLSDUWLFXODULWLOHLQGLYLGXDOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[
e. Explorarea pe viu a toracelui.
f. $UWLFXODLLOH VWHUQR- L DFURPLRFODYLFXODU OLJDPHQWHOH SURSULL DOH VFDSXOHL VWUXFWXU
IXQFLLH[SORUDUHSHYLX
Scopul:
)RUPDUHDFRPSHWHQHORULDGHSULQGHULORUSULYLQGVWUXFWXUDDUWLFXODLLORUWRUDFHOXLL
DOHFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHPLFULORUFDUHDXORFvQHOHLH[SORUDUHDORUSHYLX
0RWLYDLD: &XQRWLQHOH RELQXWH vQ UH]XOWDWXO UHDOL]ULL DFWXDOHL WHPH YRU IL XWLOH SHQWUX
FRQWLHQWL]DUHD IXQFLHL PXFKLORU WRUDFHOXL L D UHJLXQLORU DGLDFHQWH SUHFXP L
VWXGLHUHDXOWHULRDUDWUDXPDWRORJLHLLPDJLVWLFLLWHUDSLHLPHGLFLQHLVSRUWLYHHWF
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1VHOHFWDLVXELHFWHOHWHRUHWLFHLSUDFWLFHFHLQGHWHPFRQIUXQWDLle cu componentele ei, studiaL-le din sursele indicate folosindu-YGHSLHVHRVRDVHVHSDUDWH
VFKHOHW SUHSDUDWH DOH DUWLFXODLLORU FRDVWHORU FX YHUWHEUHOH L VWHUQXO L DOH RDVHORU FHQWXULL
VFDSXODUH PXODMH SUHSDUDWH GH PX]HX ILOPH YLGHR SODQH DWODVH HWF QRWDL WH]HOH PDL
importante.
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLORJLFHDVXEWHPHORU
3. (ODERUDLRVFKHPDFODVLILFULLDUWLFXODLLORUWRUDFHOXL
94
96
4. (QXPHUDL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH DUWLFXODLLORU FDSXOXL FRDVWHL L FRVWRWUDQVYHUVDOH GDL

caracteristica lor.
A
1
1
3
3
Fig.1
6. (QXPHUDL DUWLFXODLLOH FRVWRYHUWHEUDOH VWUXFWXUD FURUD VH GLVWLQJH GH FHD D PDMRULWLL
DUWLFXODLLORUGLQWUHFRDVWHLYHUWHEUHLQGLFDLSDUWLFXODULWLOHORUVWUXFWXUDOH
7. LQkQG FRQW GH SULQFLSLLOH FODVLILFULL GLDUWUR]HORU VSHFLILFDL GLQ FDUH JUXS GH GLDUWUR]H IDF
SDUWHDUWLFXODLLOHFRVWRYHUWHEUDOH
8. (QXPHUDLIHHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLLORUVWHUQRFRVWDOHLGDLFDUDFWHULVWLFDORU
97
95
9. ([SOLFDLWHUPHQLLMRQFLXQHFRQGURFRVWDODUWLFXODLHLQWHUFRQGUDOLQGLFDLORFDOL]DUHD
DFHVWRUIRUPDLXQLDQDWRPLFH
10. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLOHJHQGa.
Fig.2
11. 'HILQLLFXWLDWRUDFLFLQGLFDLIRUPDLXQLOHFDUHRFRQVWLWXLH
12. &RPSOHWDLIUD]D&XWLHLWRUDFLFHLVHGHVFULX
SHUHLLBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB___,
aperturile ___________________________,
unghiurile________________________,
DQXUile ___________________________,
VSDLLOHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
13. ,QGLFDLYDULDQWHOHGHIRUPLGLPHQVLXQLDOHWRUDFHOXLvQGHSHQGHQGH
x YkUVW
x sex
x WLSXOFRQVWLWXLRQDO
x profesie
96
98
14. $GQRWDLILJH[SOLFDLUROXOMRQFLXQLORUFXWLHLWRUDFLFHvQUHVSLUDLH
A
B
C
Fig.3
15. (QXPHUDLDUWLFXODLLOHFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLQGLFDLIHHOHORUDUWLFXODUH
16. &DUDFWHUL]DLFDYLWDWHDDUWLFXODLHLVWHUQRFODYLFXODUH
17. $GQRWDL ILJ VFULHL OHJHQGD LQGLFDL PLFULOH FDUH DX ORF vQ DFHDVW DUWLFXODLH L UROXO
ligamentelor.
1
2
3
4
10
Fig.4
99
11
97
18. ,QGLFDLJUXSXULOHGHGLDUWUR]Hdin fac parte DUWLFXODLDVWHUQRFODYLFXODU.
19. (QXPHUDL OLJDPHQWHOH IRUWLILFDWRDUH D DUWLFXODLHL DFURPLRFODYLFXODUH L OLJDPHntele proprii

DOHVFDSXOHLLQGLFDL-le pe imaginile din fig. 5.
A
B
Fig. 5
20. (ODERUDL XQ UHIHUDW OD WHPD ([SORUDUHD SH YLX D DUWLFXODLLORU WRUDFHOXL L FHQWXULL
scapulare.
21. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D) UHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUUH]ROYDi-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
22. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLSUHJWLWvQGHDMXQVSHQWUXDUHODWDLQIRUPDLLOHRELQXWHLDGHPRQVWUD
SHSUHSDUDWHPXODMHIRUPDLXQLOHVWXGLDWH
23. ([SULPDL-YUHIHULWRUODLPSRUWDQDDSOLFDWLYDFHORUVWXGLDWHIRUPXODLFRQFOXzii.
24. 6XELHFWHQHFODUHLvQWUHEULDSUXWHvQUH]XOWDWXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLQU
25. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLHLDVXSUDWHPHL
98
100
Lucrarea nr. 18
Tema:
$UWLFXODLLOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUOLEHU VWUXFWXUIXQFLLH[SORUDUHSHYLX
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. &ODVLILFDUHDDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
b. $UWLFXODLDVFDSXORKXPHUDODXPUXOXL VWUXFWXUDSDUDWGHIL[DUHPLFUL
c. ArticulDLDFRWXOXL FRPSRQHQWHVWUXFWXUPLFUL
d. -RQFLXQLOHRDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXL VWUXFWXUPLFUL
e. $UWLFXODLDUDGLRFDUSLDQ SDUWLFXODULWLVWUXFWXUDOHPLFUL
f. $UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUPkLQLL FRPSRQHQWHVWUXFWXUIXQFLLComplexul solidar al minii.
g. ([SORUDUHDSHYLXDDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
'XUDWDOXFUULLSUDFWLFH 3 ore.
Scopul:
)RUPDUHDFRPSHWHQHORUSULYLQGPRUIRORJLDMRQFLXQLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRULD
GHSULQGHULORU GH D LGHQWLILFD SH SUHSDUDWH VHSDUDWH GH DUWLFXODLL PXODMH ale
DFHVWRUDIRUPDLXQLOHDUWLFXODUHSUHFXPLIDPLOLDUL]DUHDFXH[SORUDUHDORUSHYLX
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOH GHVSUH DUWLFXODLLOH PHPEUXOXL VXSHULRU VXQW QHFHVDUH SHQWUX

FRQWLHQWL]DUHDIXQFLHLPXFKLORUDFHVWXLVHJPHQWGHFRUSLYRUILXWLOHvQFDdrul
studierii traumatologiei, chirurgiei, imagisticii, medicinei sportive, reabilitologiei
etc.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL
1. 6HOHFWDL GLQ FKHVWLRQDU Anexa 1 VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH L SUDFWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHPD GDW
FRQIUXQWDL-le cu componentele ei, studiDL-le conform surselor accesibile utiliznd oase
VHSDUDWH VDX VFKHOHWXO PHPEUXOXL VXSHULRU SUHSDUDWH L PXODMH DOH DUWLFXODLLORU PHPEUXOXL
VXSHULRUSUHSDUDWHGHPX]HXILOPHYLGHRSODQHDWODVHQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. EODERUDLVFKHPDFODVLILFULLMRQFLXQLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
3. 5HSUH]HQWDLVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLORJLFHDVXEWHPHORU
101
99
4. (ODERUDLRVFKHPDVXFFHVLXQLLGHVFULHULLGLDUWUR]HORU
5. 1XPLL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH DUWLFXODLHL VFDSXORKXPHUDOH GDL R VFXUW FDUDFWHULVWLF D ORU
LQGLFDL-OHSHLPDJLQLOHGLQILJVFULHLOHJHQGDHL
A
B
Fig.4
100
102
6. 3HLPDJLQHDGLQILJLQGLFDLFDSVXODDUWLFXODUOLJDPHQWHOHLIRUPDLXQLOHDQDWRPLFHFDUH
constituie bolta DUWLFXODLHLXPUXOXL
Fig.2
7. 3HLPDJLQHDGLQILJLQGLFDLPHPEUDQDLEXUVHOHVLQRYLDOH
Fig.3
8. &DUDFWHUL]DL DUWLFXODLD XPUXOXL GXS QXPUXO IHHORU DUWLFXODUH IRUPD ORU L QXPUXO GH
D[HvQMXUXOFURUDDXORFPLFULOHvQDFHDVWDUWLFXODLH
103
101
9. (QXPHUDLPLFULOHFDUHDXORFvQDUWLFXODLDVFDSXORKXPHUDOLQGLFDLDPSOLWXGLQHDORU
10. (QXPHUDL RDVHOH L IHHOH DUWLFXODUH FDUH SDUWLFLS OD IRUPDUHD DUWLFXODLHL FRWXOXL L
DUWLFXODLLOHHLDOFWXLWRDUHLQGLFDL-le pe LPDJLQLOHGLQILJDGQRWDLDFHVWHLPDJLQL
A
B
Fig.4
11. $GQRWDL LPDJLQLOH GLQ ILJ LQGLFDL OLQLLOH GH IL[DUH D FDSVXOHL DUWLFXODLHL FRWXOXL
PHPEUDQHOHHLLDSDUDWXOOLJDPHQWDUFDUHRIRUWLILF
A
B
Fig.5
12. &DUDFWHUL]DLDUWLFXODLDFRWXOXLGXSQXPUXOLIRUPDIHHORUDUWLFXODUHLQXPUXOGHD[HGH
PLFDUHLQGLFDLPLFULOHFDUHDXORFvQDFHDVWDUWLFXODLHLDPSOLWXGLQHDORU
102
104
13. 'HVFULHLLPDJLQHDDUWFRWXOXLSULQ501GLQILJ.
Fig.6
14. (QXPHUDL WLSXULOH GH MRQFLXQL DOH RDVHORU DQWHEUDXOXL LQGLFDL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH
DUWLFXODLLORUUDGLRXOQDUH
15. $GQRWDL ILJ VFULHL OHJHQGD ,QGLFDL SH LPDJLQH PLFULOH vQ DUWLFXODLLOH UDGLRXOQDUH L
amplitudinea lor.
A
B
C
Fig.7
105
103
16. ,QGLFDLSDUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHVSHFLILFHDUWLFXODLHLUDGLRXOQDUHGLVWDOH
17. $GQRWDL ILJ LQGLFDL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH DUWLFXODLHL UDGLRFDUSLHQH L DOH DUWLFXODLLORU
minii.
Fig. 8
18. 3HLPDJLQLOHGLQILJLQGLFDLDSDUDWXOOLJDPHQWDUDODUWLFXODLHLUDGLRFDUSLHQHLDUWLFXODLLORU
minii.
104
Fig. 9
106
19. ,QGLFDLWLSXULOHGHGLDUWUR]HGLQFDUHIDFSDUWHDUWLFXODLDUDGLRFDUSLDQLDUWLFXODLLOHPkLQLL
PLFULOHSRVLELOHvQDFHVWHDUWLFXODLLLDPSOLWXGLQHDORU
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
20. ([SOLFDLQRLXQHDGHFRPSOH[VROLGDUDOPkLQLL
21. ,QGLFDLVWUXFWXULOHFDUHIRUPHD]HPLQHQHOHFDUSLHQHDQXOLFDQDOXOFDUSDO
22. 'LQVHWXOGHUDGLRJUDPHVHOHFWDLUDGLRJUDPHOHDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUHIHFWXDLR
GHVFULHUHVXPDUDORU
23. (ODERUDLXQVFXUWUHIHUDWFXWHPD([SORUDUHDSHYLXDDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
24. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D) UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
25. 9HULILFDL-YQLYHOXOGHSUHJWLUHSHQWUXDUHODWDLGHPRQVWUDFHOHVWXGLDWH
26. )RUPXODL FRQFOX]LL UHIHULWRU OD LQIRUPDLLOH RELQXWH L UROXO ORU vQ VWXGLXO GLVFLSOLQHORU
IXQGDPHQWDOHLFOLQLFH.
27. 6XELHFWHQHFODUHLvQWUHEULDSUXWHvQXUPDUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLGDWH.
28. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHODWHP.
107
105
Lucrarea nr. 19
Tema: $UWLFXODLLOH FHQWXULL SHOYLHQH VWUXFWXU IXQFLH %D]LQXO vQ DQVDPEOX
FRPSDUWLPHQWH SDUWLFXODULWL GH VH[ GLPHQVLXQL H[SORUDUH SH YLX $UWLFXODLD
ROGXOXL structuUIXQFLL
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL:
a. $UWLFXODLDVDFURLOLDF VWUXFWXUIXQFLL
b. 6LPIL]DSXEOLDQLVLQGHVPR]HOHED]LQXOXL VWUXFWXUORFDOL]DUHUROIXQFLRQDO
c. Bazinul n ansamblu FRPSDUWLPHQWHVWUkPWRULSDUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWLGHVH[
d. 1RLXQL JHQHUDOH GHVSUH SHOYLPHWULH 'LDPHWUHOH ED]LQXOXL D[D L vQFOLQDLD OXL LPSRUWDQD
DSOLFDWLY
e. Explorarea pe viu a bazinului.
f. $UWLFXODLDFR[RIHPXUDO VWUXFWXUIXQFLL
Scopul:
)DPLOLDUL]DUHDFXVWUXFWXUDLIXQFLLOHDUWLFXODLLORURDVHORUED]LQXOXLLROGXOXLL
IRUPDUHDGHSULQGHULORUSULYLQGLGHQWLILFDUHDLH[SORUDUHDORUSHYLX
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOH RELQXWH YRU IDFLOLWD FRQWLHQWL]DUHD IXQFLHL PXFKLORU UHJLXQLL

UHVSHFWLYH L YRU IL XWLOH SHQWUX VWXGLHUHD traumatologiei, obstetricii,
reabilitologiei, medicinei sportive etc.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDL GLQ FKHVWLRQDU Anexa 1 VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH L SUDFWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD SUH]HQWD
WHP FRQIUXQWDL-OH FX VXEWHPHOH GH PDL VXV VWXGLDL-OH GXS VXUVHOH Eibliografice
indicate folosindu-Y GH RDVH VHSDUDWH VFKHOHW SUHSDUDWH DOH DUWLFXODLLORU ED]LQXOXL L
ROGXOXLPXODMHSUHSDUDWHGHPX]HXILOPHYLGHRDWODVHSODQHUDGLRJUDPH
2. (ODERUDLVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLORJLFHDVXEWHPHORU
3. $OFWXLLRVFKHPDFODVLILFULLMRQFLXQLORUED]LQXOXL
4. (QXPHUDL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH DUWLFXODLHL VDFURLOLDFH LQGLFDL GLQ FDUH JUXS GH GLDUWUR]H
face ea parte.
106
108
5. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
A
B
Fig. 1
6. (QXPHUDL SRVLELOHOH PLFUL vQ DUWLFXODLD VDFURLOLDF LQGLFDL D[HOH L DPSOLWXGLQHD ORU
FRQGLLLOHvQFDUHVHSRWUHDOL]DLOLJDPHQWHOHFDUHOHIUkQHD]
7. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQLGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDte prin linii.

A
B
Fig. 2
109
107
8. &RPSOHWDLIUD]D%D]LQXOHFRQVWLWXLWGLQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
_____________________________________________________________________________
unite prin ___________________________________________________________________
9. &RPSOHWDLHQXQXULOH/DED]LQXOvQDQVDPEOXVHGLVWLQJ
orificiile _____________________________________________________________________,
canalele______________________________________________________________________,
incizurile _____________________________________________________________________,
membranele __________________________________________________________________,
unghiurile ____________________________________________________________________,
liniile _______________________________________________________________________,
compartimentele ______________________________________________________________,
aperturile ____________________________________________________________________,
VSDLLOHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB__________________________________________,
,QGLFDLDFHVWHIRUPDLXQLSHLPDJLQHDGLQILJ
Fig. 3
10. (QXPHUDLVWUXFWXULOHFDUHIRUPHD]SHUHLLED]LQXOXLPDUHLDLFHOXLREVWHWULFDO.
11. &RPSOHWDLIUD]D6WUkPWRDUHDVXSHULRDUDPLFXOXLED]LQHGHOLPLWDWGHOLQLDWHUPLQDO
care include _____________________________________________________________
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBLDUFHDLQIHULRDU de ____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
12. ([SOLFDLQRLXQHDGHSHOYLPHWULH.
108
110
13. $GQRWDL ILJ VFULHL OHJHQGD LQGLFDL GHQXPLULOH L YDORULOH GLPHQVLXQLORU HYLGHQLDWH
prin linii.
A
Fig. 4
14. 'HILQLLD[DFRQGXFWRDUHDED]LQXOXLLXQJKLXOOXLGHvQFOLQDLH.
15. (QXPHUDL GLDPHWUHOH ED]LQXOXL PDUH DSHUWXULL VXSHULRDUH D ED]LQXOXL PLF FDYLWLL L
DSHUWXULLLQIHULRDUHLQGLFDLYDORULOHORU
16. ([SOLFDLFHGHPRQVWUHD]LPDJLQLOHGLQILJ
A
B
111
109
Fig. 5
17. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLFHGHPRQVWUHD]LPDJLQLOHGLQHDH[SOLFDLLPSRUWDQDDSOLFDWLY
18. &RPSOHWDLWDEHOXO
Bazinul
2DVHOHVWUXFWXUJHQHUDO
Aripile oaselor iliace
Sacrul
Promontoriul
7XEHUR]LWLOHLVFKLRQXOXL
Bazinul mare
Bazinul mic
$SHUWXUDVXSHULRDU
Ramurile inferioare ale
oaselor pubiene
8QJKLXOGHvQFOLQDLH
Diametrele transversale
110
Fig. 6
Feminin
Masculin
112
19. (QXPHUDLIHHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLROGXOXLSUH]HQWDLFDracteristica lor.
20. ,QGLFDL JUXSXULOH GH GLDUWUR]H GLQ FDUH IDFH SDUWH DUWLFXODLD FR[RIHPXUDO HQXPHUDL
SDUWLFXODULWLOHHLVSHFLILFH
21. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORULQGLFDWHSULQOLQLL
B
Fig. 7
22. (QXPHUDLPLFULOHSRVLELOHvQDUWLFXODLDROGXOXLLQGLFDLD[HOHvQMXUXOFURUDDFHVWHD
VHUHDOL]HD]DPSOLWXGLQHDORULIRUPDLXQLOHFDUHOHIUkQHD]
113
111
23. (ODERUDLXQVFXUWUHIHUDWFXWHPD([SORUDUHDSHYLXDED]LQXOXi.
25. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLSUHJWLWVXILFLHQWvQYHGHUHDH[SXQHULLLGHPRQVWUULLPDWHULDOXOXL
studiat.
26. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLFXSULYLUHODVXELHFWHOHVWXGLDWHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
28. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHODWHPDQU.
&RQWUROXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLDSUHFLHULVXJHVWLLUHFRPDQGDLL)
112
114
Lucrarea nr. 20
Tema:
$UWLFXODLD JHQXQFKLXOXL DUWLFXODLLOH RDVHORU JDPEHL L SLFLRUXOXL VWUXFWXU

IXQFLL 3LFLRUXO vQ DQVDPEOX ([SORUDUHD SH YLX D DUWLFXODLLORU PHPEUXOXL
inferior.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Clasificarea arWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU
$UWLFXODLDJHQXQFKLXOXL VWUXFWXUIXQFLL
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUJDPEHL VWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
$UWLFXODLDWDORFUXUDO VWUXFWXUIXQFLL
$UWLFXODLLOHSLFLRUXOXL VWUXFWXUIXQFLL
Piciorul n ansamblu.
ExpORUDUHDSHYLXDDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU
'XUDWDOXFUULLSUDFWLFH 3 ore.
Scopul:
,QLLHUHDvQDUWURVLQGHVPRORJLDPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUOLEHU IRUPDUHDFRPSHWHQHORU
LGHSULQGHULORUSULYLQGVWUXFWXUDIXQFLLOHLH[SORUDUHDSHYLXDDUWLFXODLLlor lui.
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOHSUHFRQL]DWHYRUILGHXQUHDOIRORVSHQWUXVWXGLHUHDLFRQWLHQWL]DUHD
IXQFLLORU PXFKLORU DFHVWXL VHJPHQW GH FRUS GDU L D XQRU GLVFLSOLQH FOLQLFH
(traumatologiei, ortopediei, imagisticii, medicinei sportive, reabilitologiei,
kinetoterapiei etc.).
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1 DOHJHL VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH L SUDFWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHPD QU
FRQIUXQWDL-OH FX VXEWHPHOH HL VWXGLDL-OH GXS VXUVHOH ELEOLRJUDILFH LQGLFDWH XWLOL]kQG RDVH
separate, scheOHWXOPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUSUHSDUDWHLPXODMHDOHDUWLFXODLLORUOXLSUHSDUDWHGH
PX]HXUDGLRJUDPHILOPHYLGHRDWODVHSODQHHWFQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. 3UH]HQWDLRVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLORJLFHDVXEWHPHORU
3. (ODERUDLVFKHPDFODVLILFULLMRQFLXQLORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUOLEHU
115
113
4. (QXPHUDLIHHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXLLQGLFDLGLQFDUHJUXSXULGHGLDUWUR]H
IDFHHDSDUWHFDUHVXQWSDUWLFXODULWLOHHLVWUXFWXUDOHVSHFLILFH.
5. 1XPLL IRUPDLXQLOH FX PHQLUHD GH D VSRUL JUDGXO GH FRQJUXHQ D IHHORU DUWLFXODUH GLQ
DUWLFXODLDJHQXQFKLXOXL.
6. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJVFULHLOHJHQGDLQGLFDLUDSRUWXULOHFDSVXOHLDUWLFXODUHPDLDOHV
DOHPHPEUDQHLHLVLQRYLDOHFXIRUPDLXQLOHLQWUDDUWLFXOare.
A
B
C
Fig.1
114
116
7. 3UH]HQWDLRFODVLILFDUHDOLJDPHQWHORUDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXLHQXPHUDL-OHDGQRWDLILJ
VFULHLOHJHQGD
A
B
Fig. 2
8. (QXPHUDLIDFWRULLDPRUWL]DWRULGLQDUWLFXODLDJHQXQFKLXOXL.
117
115
9. 'HVFULHL501-JUDPHOHDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXLGLQILJVFULHLOHJHQGD
A
B
Fig. 3
10. (QXPHUDLPLFULOHFDUHDXORFvQDUWLFXODLDJHQXQFKLXOXLLQGLFDLDPSOLWXGLQHDORU
11. 1XPLLMRQFLXQLOHRDVHORUJDPEHLLQGLFDLODFDUHJUXSXULGHOHJWXULDUSXWHDILFDWDORJDWH
DGQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSULQOLQLL
Fig. 4
116
118
12. (QXPHUDL RDVHOH L IHHOH ORU DUWLFXODUH FDUH SDUWLFLS OD IRUPDUHD DUWLFXODLHL WDORFUXUDOH
LQGLFDLGLQFHJUXSuri de diartroze face ea parte.
13. 1XPLLSDUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHFDSVXOHLDUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOH.
14. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPDJLQLOLJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOH
A
B
Fig. 5
15. (QXPHUDLPLFULOHFDUHDXORFvQDUWLFXODLDWDORFUXUDOLQGLFDLDPSOLWXGLQHDORU
16. (QXPHUDL DUWLFXODLLOH SLFLRUXOXL LQGLFDL RDVHOH L IHHOH DUWLFXODUH FDUH OH IRUPHD]
PLFULOHvQHOHLJUXSXULOHGHGLDUWUR]HODFDUHDSDULQ
119
117
17. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJVFULHLOHJHQGD
A
Fig. 6
18. ([SOLFDLFXPVHIRUPHD]VLQXVXOWDUVDOLQGLFDLOLJDPHQWXOFDUHvORFXSLUROXOOXL
19. ([SOLFDLFHUHSUH]LQWDUWLFXODLDOXL&KRSDUWLDUWLFXODLDOXL/LVIUDQFLQGLFDLOLJDPHQWHOH
ORUFKHLHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
20. ([SOLFDLQRLXQHDGHFRPSOH[VROLGDUDOSLFLRUXOXL.
118
120
21. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLIRUPDLXQLOHFDUHSDUWLFLSODPHQLQHUHDEROLORUSLFLRUXOXL
A
B
Fig.7
22. Din setul de radiograPHVHOHFWDL-OHSHFHOHDOHDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUVWXGLDL-OHL

GHVFULHL-le.
23. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWHVFXUWHFXWHPD3LFLRUXOvQDQVDPEOXL([SORUDUHDSHYLXDDUWLFXODLLORU
membrului inferior.
24. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D) referitoare la tHPDQUUH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH.
25. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLSUHJWLWSHQWUXDH[SXQHLGHPRQVWUDFHOHVWXGLDWH
26. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLFXSULYLUHODVXELHFWHOHVWXGLDWHLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
27. 6XELHFWHQHFODUHLvQWUHEULla tema nr. 20.
28. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHODWHP
121
119
Lucrarea nr. 21
Tema:
0LRORJLH JHQHUDO 0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH WRUDFHOXL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH L

explorare pe viu. Diafragma.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. 0XFKLLFRQIRUPDLHH[WHUQPRGGHIL[DUHUDSRUWXULDQRPDOLLPXFKLXOFDRUJDQILEUH
PXVFXODUH HVXW FRQMXQFWLY WHQGRDQH YDVH L QHUYL PXFKLXO vQ UHSDXV L vQ DFLXQH
SURSULHWLIL]LFHFDOLWLFDUDFWHULVWLFHFRQWUDFLHLPXVFXODUHVLVWHPXOGHSkUJKLLWLSXULOHGH
DFWLYLWDWHPXVFXODUIRUDJUDYLWDLRQDOSXQFWHOHIL[LPRELOLLQYHUVDUHDORUDFWHPRWRULL
b. 3ULQFLSLLOHFODVLILFULLPXFKLORUGXSJHQH], topografie, IXQFLH, IRUP, orientarea fibrelor
PXVFXODUHDVSHFWXOKLVWRORJLFvQUDSRUWFXDUWLFXODLLOH
c. (OHPHQWHOH DX[LOLDUH DOH PXFKLORU IDVFLL UHWLQDFXOH WHFL L EXUVH VLQRYLDOH WURKOHH
musculare).
d. 0HWRGH GH H[SORUDUH D PXFKLORU LQFOXVLY DQDWRPLD ORU SH YLX LPSRUWDQD FXQRDWHrii
DQDWRPLHLIXQFLRQDOHDPXFKLORUSHQWUXvQHOHJHUHDELRPHFDQLFLLDSDUDWXOXLORFRPRWRULD
PRGLILFULORU HL vQ SDWRORJLD RVWHR-musculo-DUWLFXODU UROXO DSOLFDWLY DO IRUPDLXQLORU
GHOLPLWDWHGHPXFKLFDQDOHORURULILFLLORUQXOHHORUHWF
e. ClasifLFDUHDPXFKLORUWRUDFHOXLUDSRUWXULOHORUFXIRLHOHIDVFLLORUSHFWRUDOH
f. 'LDIUDJPD SRULXQL RULILFLL ORFXUL VODEH SDUWLFXODULWL GH VWUXFWXU DOH SRULXQLL ORPEDUH
UROIXQFLRQDO
g. 7RSRJUDILDUHSHUHOHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHWRUDFHOXL
h. DemonstrarHD IRUPDLXQLORU DQDWRPLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHP SH FDGDYUX SUHSDUDWH VHSDUDWH
mulaje.
Scopul:
)DPLOLDUL]DUHD VWXGHQLORU FX VWUXFWXUD FODVLILFDUHD L WRSRJUDILD PXFKLORU

SDUWLFXODULWLOHORULQGLYLGXDOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[FXPHWRGHOHGHH[SORrare ale
VLVWHPXOXLPXVFXODU'HDvQYDVWXGHQLLVQXPHDVFFRUHFWLVGHPRQVWUH]H
PXFKLLSHFWRUDOLRULJLQHDLLQVHULDORUIDVFLLOHWRUDFHOXLGLDIUDJPDFXORFXULOH
HLVODEHGHDFRQWLHQWL]DIXQFLDDFHVWRUD
0RWLYDLD:
,QIRUPDLD SULYLQG PLRORJLD JHQHUDO H QHFHVDU SHQWUX FRQWLHQWL]DUHD WXWXURU

DFWLYLWLORU PRWRULL SHQWUX vQHOHJHUHD L VWXGLHUHD WHPHORU XOWHULRDUH
&XQRDWHUHD VWUXFWXULL PXFKLORU L D WRSRJUDILHL ORU D PHWRGHORU GH H[SORUDUH D
aparatului muscular sunt importante pentrX DQDWRPLD WRSRJUDILF L FKLUXUJLD
operatorie, traumatologie, chirurgie, reabilitologie etc.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDL GLQ FKHVWLRQDU Anexa 1 VXELHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH L SUDFWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD
WHPDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu surVHOH ELEOLRJUDILFH QRWDL WH]HOH PDL
importante.
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDVXEWHPHORUFDUHLQGH
a. PXFKLXOFDRUJDQ
b. FODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORU
c. HOHPHQWHOHDX[LOLDUHDOHPXFKLORU
d. PXFKLLLIDVFLLOHWRUDFHOXL
120
122
3. $GQRWDL LPDJLQLOH GLQ ILJ LQGLFDL WLSXULOH GH PXFKL FRQIRUP RULHQWULL ILEUHORU ORU
musculare).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
Fig.1.____________________________
16
1
9
2
10
3
11
4
12
5
13
6
14
7
15
8
16
4. 'HILQLL QRLXQLOH PXFKLXO FD RUJDQ VHFLXQH WUDQVYHUVDO DQDWRPLF L IL]LRORJLF D
PXFKLORUVFKHOHWPRDOHPLRQ.
5. ([SOLFDLQRLXQLOHGHpunctum fixum Lpunctum mobile.
123
121
6. &HOHWUHLSURSULHWLHVHQLDOHDOHHVXWXOXLPXVFXODUVXQW
a.
b.
c.
7. &RPSOHWDLWDEHOXO
I
II
'XSJHQH] 'XSWRSRJUDILH
&ODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORU
III
IV
'XSIXQFLH
VI
'XSIRUP 'XSRULHQWDUHD n raport cu

fibrelor
DUWLFXODLLOH
musculare
VII
Sub aspect
histologic
8. 6WXGLDLSHFDGDYUXPXODMHSODQHDWODVHVWUXFWXUDLWRSRJUDILDIRUPDLXQLORUSUHY]XWHGH
WHPDGDWGHSULQGHL-YVOHLGHQWLILFDLLVOHGHPRQVWUDL
9. 3HLPDJLQLOHFDUHXUPHD]LQGLFDL
DPXFKLLWRUDFHOXLFDUHLQGHPHPEUXOVXSHULRUILJ
I
II
1
4
2
3
5
9
Fig.2
122
124
EPXFKLLDXWRKWRQLDLWRUDFHOXLILJ.
1
4
2
1
Fig. 3
125
123
FSRULXQLOHRULILFLLOHLORFXULOHVODEHale diafragmei (fig. 4).
Fig. 4
GH[SOLFDLFHUHSUH]LQWILJHQXPHUDLPXFKLLDQWUHQDLvQUHVSLUDLH
Fig. 5
124
126
10. ,QGLFDL PXFKLL WRUDFHOXL FDUH VH SURILOHD] SH YLX ILJ (QXPHUDL UHSHUHOH RVRDVH DOH
toracelui.
Fig. 6
11. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLHUHSUHS]HQWDWvQILJ"
a.
b.
c.
Fig. 7
127
125
12. ([SOLFDLWHUPHQLLPXFKLDXWRKWRQLWUXQFRIXJDOLWUXQFRSHWDOL LQGLFDL-le sinonimele.
13. (QXPHUDLYDULDQWHOHLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDPXFKLORUWRUDFHOXLLDGLDIUDJPHLGXS

cadavru, preparate din muzeul catedrei, filme, alte surse).
14. (ODERUDL referate succinte la temele:

x GH]YROWDUHDPXFKLORU
x DQDWRPLDSHYLXDPXFKLORU
x UHSHUHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHWRUDFHOXL
16. ([SULPDL-YUHIHULWRUODLPSRUWDQDDSOLFDWLYDLQIRUPDLHLRELQXWH
17. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWDWHDGHDH[SXQHRUDOVDXvQVFULVLQIRUPDLLOHRELQXWHLGHDGHPRQVWUD
IRUPDLXQLOHVWXGLDWH
19. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLHLDVXSUDWHPHL
126
128
Lucrarea nr. 22
Tema:
0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH FHQWXULL VFDSXODUH L DL EUDXOXL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH L

explorare pe viu.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. &ODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLDLEUDXOXL
b. 2ULJLQHDLQVHULDLIXQFLDPXFKLORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLDLEUDXOXL
c. 5DSRUWXOPXFKLORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLDLEUDXOXLFXIDVFLLOHUHJLXnii.
d. 7RSRJUDILDUHSHUHOHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHUHJLXQLLXPUXOXLLEUDXOXL
e. 0XFKLLDQWUHQDLvQGLQDPLFDXPUXOXLLEUDXOXL
Scopul:
)RUPDUHDFRPSHWHQHORULGHSULQGHULORUSULYLQGQRPHQFODWXUDPXFKLORUFHQWXULL
VFDSXODUH L DL EUDXOXL SH JUXSXUL FRQIRUP IXQFLLORU ORU LGHQWLILFDUHD L
GHPRQVWUDUHDORUSHFDGDYUXLSHYLXLQGLFkQGX-OHRULJLQHDLQVHULDLIXQFLD
0RWLYDLD:
'DWHOHFDUHLQGHVWUXFWXUDLWRSRJUDILDPXFKLORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLDLEUDXOXL
vor fi utile pentru studierea diferitor discipline clinice, n special a traumatologiei
OX[DLL vQ DUWLFXODLD XPUXOXL DUWLFXODLLOH DFURPLRFODYLFXODU L
VWHUQRFODYLFXODU IUDFWXUL DOH KXPHUXVXOXL FODYLFXOHL HWF QHXURORJLHL
chirurgiei.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. SelectDLGLQFKHVWLRQDU$QH[DVXELHFWHOHWHRUHWLFHLSUDFWLFHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQU
DQDOL]DL-OHLVWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu sursele bibliografice indicate utiliznd cadavrul,
PXODMHSODQHDWODVHQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH.
2. 5HSUH]HQWDL JUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDFRPSRQHQWHORUWHPHL
129
127
3. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJUHIHULWRDUHODPXFKLLFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHVFULHLOHJHQGD
A
B
C
1
1
2
2
1
3
5
4
Fig.1.
4. ,QGLFDLGHQXPLULOHPXFKLORUEUDXOXLLDIRUPDLXQLORUQRtate cu cifre (fig.2).

A
B
1
2
3
3
4
4
5
8
6
7
Fig.2.
128
130
5. 3HLPDJLQLOHGLQILJQRWDLPXFKLLRULJLQHDLLQVHULDFURUDFRUHVSXQGH]RQHORULQGLFDWH
Fig.3
131
129
6. (QXPUDLPXFKLLFDUHUHDOL]HD]PLFULOHUHVSHFWLYHvQDUWLFXODLDXPrului:
a. URWDLDH[WHUQLLQWHUQDEUDXOXLILJ
A
B
Fig. 4
EDQWHIOH[LDLUHWURIOH[LDEUDXOXLILJ.
A
B
Fig. 5
7. ([SOLFDLWHUPHQLL aQWHIOH[LHLUHWURIOH[LH.
8. 1RWDLGHULYDWHOHIDVFLHLEUDXOXLvQVHFLXQHWUDQVYHUVDOILJ
4
8
10
Fig. 6
9. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLDLFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLDLEUDXOXLHGHPRQVWUDWGHLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ
7?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
130
132
Fig. 7
10. (QXPHUDLUHSHUHOHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHXPUXOXLLEUDXOXL
11. (ODERUDLXQUHIHrat succint la tema: )DVFLLOHFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLEUDXOXL.

13. (IHFWXDLRDXWRHYDOXDUHDFRPSHWHQHORULGHSULQGHULORUGREkQGLWH
14. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGLQIRUPDLDRELQXWvQFRQWH[WXOLPSRUWDQHLHLDSOLFDWLYH
15. QWUHEULDSUXWHvQUH]XOWDWXOUHDOL]ULOXFUULLQU
133
131
Lucrarea nr. 23
Tema:
0XFKLLLIDVFLLOHDQWHEUDXOXL VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHLH[SORUDUHSHYLX
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
&ODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORUDQWHEUDXOXL
2ULJLQHDLQVHULDLIXQFLDPXFKLORUDQWHEUDXOXL
)DVFLLOHDQWHEUDXOXLUDSRUWXOORUFXPXFKLLUHJLXQLL
5HSHUHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHDQWHEUDXOXL
0XFKLLDQWUHQDLvQGLQDPLFDDQWHEUDXOXLLPkLQLL
Scopul:
QVXLUHD GH FWUH VWXGHQL D GHQXPLULORU LGHQWLILFULL L GHPRQVWUULL PXFKLORU

DQWHEUDXOXL SH JUXSXUL L VWUDWXUL D RULJLQLL LQVHULHL L IXQFLHL ORU OD FDGDYUX
VFKHOHW L SH YLX SUHFXP L IRUPDUHD GHSULQGHULL GH D GHVFULH L GH D DUJXPHQWD
VWUXFWXUDLIXQFLDIRUPDLXQLORUVWXGLDWH
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRDWHUHDDQDWRPLHLPXFKLORUDQWHEUDXOXLHQHFHVDUSHQWUXVWXGLHUHDYDVHORU
VDQJYLQHLDQHUYLORUSUHFXPLDXQRUGLVFLSOLQHFOLQLFHFDDQDWRPLDWRSRJUDILF
FKLUXUJLD WUDXPDWRORJLD OX[DLL vQ DUWLFXODLLOH FRWXOXL L UDGLRFDUSLDQ IUDFWXUL
ale oaselor antebUDXOXLQHXURORJLDUHDELOLWRORJLD
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDLGLQFKHVWLRQDUAnexa 1VXELHFWHOHWHRUHWLFHLSUDFWLFHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQU
DQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu sursele literare indicate folosind cadavrul,
mulajeSODQHDWODVHHWFHIHFWXDLQRWLH
132
134
A
Fig.1.
A
Fig.2.
135
133
5. $GQRWDL ILJ LQGLFDL PXFKLL RULJLQHD L LQVHULD FURUD FRUHVSXQGH SRULXQLORU GH RDVH
HYLGHQLDWHvQLPDJLQLOHUHVSHFWLYH
A
B
Fig.2.
6. ,QGLFDLPXFKLLDQWHEUDXOXLFDUHUHDOL]HD]PLFULOH reprezentate prin imaginile din fig. 4.

A
B
C
D
E
F
Fig. 4
G
7. ([SOLFDLWHUPHQLLSURQDLH LVXSLQDLH.
134
136
8. EnuPHUDLIDVFLLOHDQWHEUDXOXLLGHULYDWHOHORU.
9. ,QGLFDLUHSHUHOHRVRDVHLPXVFXODUHDOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUILJ.
Fig. 5
10. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLDLDQWHEUDXOXLHUHSUH]HQWDWSULQLPDJLQea din fig. 6 ?
Fig.6
11. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD)DVFLLOHDQWHEUDXOXL.
13. &RQWURODL vQ FH PVXU FRPSHWHQHOH L GHSULQGHULOH RELQXWH FRUHVSXQG RELHFWLYHORU
propuse.
14. )RUPXODLFRQFOX]LLSULYLQGLQIRUPDLDRELQXWvQFRQWH[WXOLPSRUWDQHLHLDSOLFDWLYe.
15. QWUHEULDSUXWHvQUH]XOWDWXOUHDOL]ULOXFUULLQU
137
135
Lucrarea nr. 24
Tema:
0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH PkLQLL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH L H[SORUDUH SH YLX

Topografia membrului superior.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
&ODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORUPkLQLLRULJLQHDLQVHULDLIXQFLDORU
PDUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHIDVFLLORUPkLQLL
7RSRJUDILDLWHFLOHVLQRYLDOHDOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
5ROXO DSOLFDWLY DO IRUPDLXQLORU WRSRJUDILFH DOH PHPEUXOXL VXSHULRU GHOLPLWDWH GH PXFKL
RDVHLIDVFLL
e. 5HSHUHOHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHPkLQLL
Scopul:
'H D IDPLOLDUL]D VWXGHQLL FX FODVLILFDUHD GHQXPLULOH VWUXFWXUD RULJLQHD LQVHULD

LIXQFLDPXFKLORUPkLQLLLGHQWLILFDUHDLGHPRQVWUDUHDORUSHSLHVHOHDQDWRPLFH
SUHFXP L FX IRUPDLXQLOH WRSRJUDILFH DOH PHPEUXOXL VXSHULRU L LPSRUWDQD lor
DSOLFDWLY
0RWLYDLD:
&RPSHWHQHOH L GHSULQGHULOH SUHFRQL]DWH GH SUH]HQWD WHP VXQW H[WUHP GH

LPSRUWDQWH SHQWUX VWXGLHUHD WRSRJUDILHL IRUPDLXQLORU QHXURYDVFXODUH DOH
PHPEUXOXL VXSHULRU L D PXOWRU GLVFLSOLQH FOLQLFH DQDWRPLHL WRSRJUDILFH L
chirurgiei operatorii, traumatologiei, microchirurgiei, neurologiei, reabilitologiei
etc.).
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. Din chestionar (Anexa 1 VHOHFWDL VXELHFWHOH UHIHULWRDUH OD WHPDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le
folosind sursele bibliografice, cadavrul, preparaWH GH PX]HX ILOPH YLGHR PXODMH SODQH
DWODVHHWFHIHFWXDLQRWLH
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDFRPSRQHQWHORUVXEWHPHORUFDUHLQGH
a. PXFKLLPkLQLL
b. fasciile membrului superior;
c. topografia membrului superior.
136
138
3. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUDQDWRPLFHPDUFDWHSULQFLIUH
A
B
C
1
2
3
3
3
4
2
2 1 1 2
2
2
Fig.1.
139
137
4. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHUHIHULWRDUHODIDVFLLOHPHPEUXOXLVuperior (fig. 2).
Fig.2
5. ,QGLFDL SH LPDJLQLOH GLQ ILJ IRUPDLXQLOH WRSRJUDILFH UHSHUHOH PXVFXODUH L RVRDVH DOH
membrului superior.
A
B
Fig.3
138
140
6. 1RWDLIRUPDLXQLOHFDUHGHOLPLWHD]FDYLWDWHDD[LODULWULXQJKLXUile peretelui ei anterior (fig.

4).
A
B
1
2
1
2
6
7
6
9
5
8
Fig. 4
7. 5HSURGXFHLVFKHPDRULILFLLORUWULODWHULSDWUXODWHU.
8. &RQWLQXDLIUD]HOH
aSHUHLLFDYLWLLD[LODUHVXQWIRUPDL
anterior
posterior
lateral
medial
b. canalul humero-muscular (sau _______________________________________) este delimitat

de __________________________________________________________________________
141
139
c. IRVDFXELWDOHPUJLQLWGH
d. QXOHXOXOQDUVHDIOvQWUH
cel median ntre
LFHOXOQDUvQWUH
e. VSDLXOFHOXORDGLSRV - Paron) e situat
9. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVFKHPDVWUXFWXULLWHFLORUVLQRYLDOHLDFDQDOHORURVWHRILEURDVHvQVHFLXQH
WUDQVYHUVDOLORQJLWXGLQDOGXS&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPp
10. 5HSURGXFHLVFKHPDWHFLORUVLQRYLDOHLFDQDOHORURVWHRILEURDVHDOHPkQLLIDDSDOPDULIDD

GRUVDO
140
142
11. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLDLPkLQLLHGHPRQVWUDWSULQLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ"
A
B
C
Fig. 5
12. ([SOLFDLWHUPHQLLRSR]LLHLUHSR]LLH.
x Topografia axilei.
x TRSRJUDILDEUDXOXL.
x TRSRJUDILDDQWHEUDXOXLLDPkLQL.
14. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D) UHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUUH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOe.
15. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLVXILFLHQWGHFRPSHWHQWSHQWUXDUHODWDLGHPRQVWUDFHOHVWXGLDWH
17. 6XELHFWHOHQHFODUHLvQWUHEULDSUXWHvQUH]XOWDWXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLQU24.
143
141
Lucrarea nr. 25
Tema:
0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH DEGRPHQXOXL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH L H[SORUDUH SH YLX

Topografia abdomenului.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. &ODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORUDEGRPHQXOXLRULJLQHDLQVHULDLIXQFLDORU
b. Fasciile abdomenului .
c. 7HDFDPXFKLXOXLGUHSWDODEGRPHQXOXLSDUWLFXODULWLGHVWUXFWXUPDLVXVLPDLMRVGHOLQLD
DUFXDW
d. Locurile slabe ale pereteOXLDQWHULRUDODEGRPHQXOXLSDUWLFXODULWLOHORUGHYkUVWLGHVH[
e. 5HSHUHOHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHDEGRPHQXOXL
f. 5ROXODSOLFDWLYDOHOHPHQWHORUWRSRJUDILFHDOHSHUHLORUDEGRPLQDOL
Scopul:
)DPLOLDUL]DUHD VWXGHQLORU FX FODVLILFDUHD VWUXFWXUD RULJLQHD LQVHULD L IXQFLD

PXFKLORUDEGRPHQXOXLLGHQWLILFDUHDLGHPRQVWUDUHDORUODFDGDYUXLSHSLHVHOH
DQDWRPLFHHYLGHQLHUHDIRUPDLXQLORUWRSRJUDILFHDOHUHJLXQLLLDORFXULORUVODEH
DOHDFHVWHLDVXEDVSHFWXOLPSRUWDQHLORUDSOLFDWLYH
MotLYDLD:
&XQRWLQHOH SULYLQG VWUXFWXUD PXFKLORU L IDVFLilor abdomenului, topografia

SHUHLORUDEGRPLQDOLLDORFXULORUORUVODEHSDUWLFXODULWLOHLQGLYLGXDOHGHYkUVWD
LGHVH[DOHUHJLXQLLVXQWQHFHVDUHSHQWUXSHUFHSHUHDLVWXGLHUHDYDVFXODUL]DLHLL
LQHUYDLHL HL L SHQWUX DFWLYLWDWHD vQ GLYHUVH GRmenii ale medicinei practice
(chirurgiei, terapiei, etc.).
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
WHPDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu sursele bibliografice, utiliznd cadavrul
GLVHFDWSUHSDUDWHGHPX]HXSODQHDWODVHILOPHYLGHRHWFQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDVXEWHPHORUFDUHLQGH
a. 0XFKLLDEGRPHQXOXL
b. Fasciile abdomenului.
c. Topografia peretelui anterolateral al abdomenului.
142
144
A
1
2
Fig. 1
145
143
4. 5HSURGXFHL GXS &XOHJHUHD GH VFKHPH VDX DOWH VXUVH VFKHPD WHFLL PXFKLului rect al
DEGRPHQXOXLvQVHFLXQHWUDQVYHUVDO
5. ,QGLFDLL PXFKLL DEGRPHQXOXL FDUH UHDOL]HD] PLFULOH UHSUHzentate prin imaginile din
fig.2.
A
B
C
D
Fig. 2
6. 3HLPDJLQLOHGLQILJLQGLFDLORFXULOHVODEHDOHSHUHLORUDEGRPLQDOL
4
5
1
2
Fig. 3
144
146
6
7
8
7. ([SOLFDLFHUHSUH]LQWLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ.
Fig. 4
8. &RQWLQXDLIUD]HOH
aSHUHLLFDQDOXOXLLQJKLQDOVXQWIRUPDi:
anterior
posterior
superior
inferiror
b. inelul inghinal superficial e delimitat de
iar cel profund corespunde
c. triunghiul subcostal are ca laturi
d. OLQHDVHPLOXQDUUHSUH]LQW
e. OLQHDDUFXDWHORFDOL]DWODWUHFHUHD
147
145
9. Pe LPDJLQLOHGLQILJQRWDLPXFKLLDEGRPHQXOXLFDUHVHSURILOHD]SHYLX
A
B
Fig. 5
10. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLDLDEGRPHQXOXLHUHSUH]HQWDWSULQLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ"
A
B
Fig.6
Fig. 6
11. ([SOLFDLWHUPHQXOORFVODEDOSHUHLORUDEGRPLQDOL.
12. ElabRUDLUHIHUDWHVXFFLQWHODWHPHOH
x Locurile slabe ale peretelui antero-lateral al abdomenului.
x Canalul inghinal.
14. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWDWHDGHDGHPRQVWUDIRUPDLXQLOHVWXGLDWHLGHDH[SXQHRUDOVDXvQVFULV
LQIRUPDLLGHVSUHHOH
146
148
Lucrarea nr. 26
Tema:
0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH ED]LQXOXL L FRDSVHL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH IXQFLL L

explorare pe viu.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0XFKLLED]LQXOui FODVLILFDUHRULJLQHLQVHULHIXQFLL
0XFKLLFRDSVHL FODVLILFDUHRULJLQHLQVHULHIXQFLL
0XFKLLDQWUHQDLvQGLQDPLFDFRDSVHLLJDPEHL
)DVFLLOHED]LQXOXLLFRDSVHL SDUWLFXODULWLUHJLRQDOHGHVWUXFWXUGHULYDWH
Anatomia pe viu a muFKLORU ED]LQXOXL L FRDSVHL UHSHUH PXVFXODUH L RVRDVH UROXO ORU
aplicativ).
Scopul:
)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU L D GHSULQGHULORU SULYLQG PRUIRORJLD PXFKLORU

ED]LQXOXL L FRDSVHL IXQFLLOH ORU LGHQWLILFDUHD L GHPRQVWUDUHD DFHVWRUD
indicndu-le RULJLQHDLLQVHULDSHFDGDYUXSHVFKHOHWSUHFXPLIDPLOLDUL]DUHD
FXIDVFLLOHED]LQXOXLLFRDSVHLLGHULYDWHOHORU
0RWLYDLD:
'DWHOH FDUH LQ GH DQDWRPLD L WRSRJUDILD PXFKLORU ED]LQXOXL L FRDSVHL YRU IL
utile pentru studierea vaselor sangvinH L D QHUYLORU DQDWRPLHL WRSRJUDILFH
FKLUXUJLHL QHXURORJLHL NLQHWRWHUDSLHL L vQ VSHFLDO D WUDXPDWRORJLHL OX[DLL vQ
DUWLFXODLDFR[RIHPXUDOIUDFWXULGHIHPXULRDVHSHOYLHQHHWF
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDL GLQ FKHVWLRQDU Anexa 1) subieFWHOH WHRUHWLFH L SUDFWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD
WHPDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu sursele bibliografice, folosindu-Y GH
FDGDYUXO GLVHFDW PXODMH SODQH SUHSDUDWH GH PX]HX DWODVH ILOPH YLGHR QRWDL WH]HOH PDL
importante.
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDVXEWHPHORU
x 0XFKLLED]LQXOXL
x 0XFKLLFRDSVHL
x )DVFLLOHED]LQXOXLLFRDSVHL
149
147
B
Fig. 1
A
148
150
E
Fig. 2
F
5. ,QGLFDLPXFKLLFDUHUHDOL]HD]PLFULOHUHSUH]HQWDWHGHLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ
A
B
C
D
E
Fig.3
151
149
6. 3HLPDJLQLOHFDUHXUPHD]ILJLQGLFDLIDVFLLOHED]LQXOXLLFRDSVHLLderivatele lor

Fig.4
7. ,QGLFDLPXFKLLED]LQXOXLLFRDSVHLFDUHVHSURILOHD]SHYLXILJ
A
B
Fig.5
8. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLDLED]LQXOXLLFRDSVHLHUHSUH]HQWDWGHLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ"
A
B
C
D
150
152
Fig. 6
A
B
C
D
Fig. 7
10. ([SOLFDLWHrmenii pes anserinus superficialis et profundus.
11. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD )DVFLLOHFRDSVHLLGHULYDWHOHORU.

13. (YDOXDLFRPSHWHQHOHLGHSULQGHULOHRELQXWH
15. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHODWHPBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
153
151
Lucrarea nr. 27
Tema:
0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH JDPEHL L SLFLRUXOXL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH IXQFLL L

explorare pe viu. Topografia membrului inferior
&RQLQXWXO temei:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0XFKLLJDPEHL FODVLILFDUHRULJLQHLQVHULHIXQFLL
0XFKLLSLFLRUXOXL FODVLILFDUHRULJLQHLQVHULHIXQFLL
)DVFLLOHJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXLSDUWLFXODULWLGHVWUXFWXUGHULYDWH
Topografia membrului inferior.
6WXGLHUHD SH YLX D PXFKLORU L HOHPHQWHORU WRSRJUDILFH UHSHUHORU PXVFXODUH L RVRDVH DOH
PHPEUXOXLLQIHULRULPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
Scopul:
)DPLOLDUL]DUHD VWXGHQLORU FX FODVLILFDUHD VWUXFWXUD RULJLQHD LQVHULD L IXQFLD

PXFKLORU JDPEHL L SLFLRUXOXL LGHQWLILFDUHD L GHPRQVWUDUHD ORU SH SLHVHOH
DQDWRPLFHHYLGHQLHUHDWRSRJUDILHLUHJLXQLLLLPSRUWDQDHLDSOLFDWLY
0RWLYDLD:
,QIRUPDLD FDUH LQH GH DQDWRPLD L WRSRJUDILD PXFKLORU L IDVFLLORU PHPEUXOXL

LQIHULRU HVWH H[WUHP GH LPSRUWDQW SHQWUX VWXGLHUHD XOWHULRDU D IDVFLFXOHORU
QHXURYDVFXODUH DOH PHPEUXOXL LQIHULRU SUHFXP L SHQWUX FRQWLHQWL]DUHD XQRU
GLVFLSOLQH FOLQLFH DQDWRPLHL WRSRJUDILFH L FKLUXUJLHL RSHUDWRULL WUDXPDWRORJLHL
microchirurgiei, neurologiei, kinetoterapiei etc.).
Realizarea lucrULL:
WHPDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu sursele bibliografice, utiliznd cadavrul
GLVHFDWPXODMHSUHSDUDWHGHPX]HXILOPHYLGHRSODQHDWODVHQRWDi tezele mai importante.
x MXFKLLJDPEHL.
x MXFKLLSLFLRUXOXL.
x Topografia membrului inferior.
152
154
3. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJVFULHLOHJHQGDLQGLFDLPXFKLLFDUHIRUWLILFEROLOHSiciorului.
A
B
C
Fig. 1
155
153
4. $GQRWDLILJGDLOHJHQGDLPDJLQLORULQGLFDLPXFKLLFDUHIRUWLILFEROLOHSLFLRUXOXL
154
Fig. 2
156
5. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLIRUPDLXQLOHDQDWRPLFHFDUHLQGHIDVFLLOHJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXL
Fig. 3
6. $GQRWDL ILJ LQGLFDL GHQXPLULOH IRUPDLXQLORU UHIHULWRDUH OD ODFXQHOH YDVFXODU L
PXVFXODU.
Fig. 4
157
155
A
B
Fig.5
8. 3HLPDJLQLOHGLQILJLQGLFDLPXFKLLFDUHUHDOL]HD]PLFULvQ
DDUWLFXODLDJHQXQFKLXOXLH[WHQVLDL IOH[LDSURQDLDLVXSLQDLD
A
B
C
156
158
EDUWLFXODLDWDORFUXUDODGGXFLDLDEGXFLDSLFLRUXOXLIOH[LDGRUVDOLIOH[LDSODQWDU.
E
F
G
H
Fig.6
9. &RQWLQXDLIUD]HOH
a. orificiile supra LLQIUDSLULIRUPVXQWGHOLPLWDWHGH
iar canalul obturator de
b. laturile triunghiului femural sunt
c. QXOHXOIHPXUDOHVWHRFRQWLQXDUHDFHOXL
LVHDIOvQWUH
d. canalului aductor i se descriu:
e. fosa poplitee e delimitDW
f. canalului cruropopliteu i se descriu
JSHJDPEPDLPHQLRQPFDQDOHOH
delimitate de
h. canalul femural apare n
lui i se descriu:
159
157
10. 3HLPDJLQLOHGLQILJQRWDLIRUPDLXQLOHWRSRJUDILFHDOHPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU.
Fig. 7
11. ,QGLFDLWHFLOHVLQRYLDOHLFDQDOHOHRVWHRILEURDVHGLQUHJLXQHDJOH]QHLLSLFLRUXOXLILJ.

A
B
158
160
Fig.8
12. 3HLPDJLQHDGLQILJLQGLFDLUHSHUHOHRVRDVHLPXVFXODUHDOHPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU.
13. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLDLJDPEHLLSLFLRUXOXLHUHGDWSULQLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ"
A
161
159
Fig.10
14. (ODERUDLXQUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD Topografia membrului inferior.

16. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLSUHJWLWVXILFLHQWSHQWUXDH[SXQHLGHPRQVWUDFHOHVWXGLDWH
160
162
Lucrarea nr. 28
Tema: 0XFKLLJkWXOXL VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLLLH[SORUDUHSHYLX
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
0XFKLLJkWXOXL FODVLILFDUHRULJLQHLQVHULHIXQFLL
([SORUDUHDSHYLXDPXFKLORUJkWXOXL.
Scopul:
)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU L GHSULQGHULORU SUDFWLFH SULYLQG VWUXFWXUD WRSRJUDILD L

IXQFLLOHPXFKLORUJkWXOXLLGHQWLILFDUHDLGHPRQVWUDUHDORU
0RWLYDLD:
&XQRDWHUHDDQDWRPLHLLWRSRJUDILHLPXFKLORUJkWXOXLYDILXWLOSHQWUXVWXGLHUHD
YDVHORU VDQJYLQH L QHUYLORU VHJPHQWXOXL UHVSHFWLY SUHFXP L D DQDWRPLHL
topografice, chirurgiei, traumatologiei, neurologiei etc.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
WHPDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu sursele bibliografice L PDWHULDOHOH
LOXVWUDWLYH FDGDYUXO GLVHFDW SUHSDUDWH GH PX]HX PXODMH ILOPH YLGHR SODQH DWODVH HWF
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDWHPHL0XFKLLJkWXOXL.
3. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ.
A
163
161
Fig. 1
4. (QXPHUDLPXFKLLJkWXOXLFXRULJLQHVDXLQVHULHSHRVXOKLRLG
5. ([SOLFDLQRLXQHDGHEXFKHWDQDWRPLFVDXEXFKHWXOOXL5LRODQ.
6. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLPXFKLLJkWXOXLH[SORUDELOLSHYLX
A
Fig. 2
162
164
7. (QXPHUDLPLFULOHFDSXOXLLQGLFDLPXFKLLJkWXOXLFDUHSDUWLFLSODUHDOL]DUHDORU.
8. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLDLJkWXOXLHUHSUH]HQWDWSULQLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ"
A
B
Fig. 3
9. &RPSOHWDLWDEHOXO.
N/o
Denumirea muFKLXOXL
1.
m. sternocleidomastoidian
2.
m. digastric
3.
m. omohioid
4.
m. scalen anterior
Originea
,QVHULD
)XQFLD
11. 6XQWHL SUHJWLW vQGHDMXQV SHQWUX D GHPRQVWUD L UHODWD GHVSUH FHOH VWXGLDWH " &RQWURODL-Y
FXQRWLQHOH
165
163
Lucrarea nr. 29
Tema: )DVFLLOHLWRSRJUDILDJkWXOXL
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fasciile gtului FODVLILFDUH GXS 31$ L GXS . . SDUWLFXODULWL

WRSRJUDILFHLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
7RSRJUDILD JkWXOXL WULXQJKLXUL IRVH VSDLL LQWHUIDVFLDOH L LQWHUPXVFXODUH LPSRUWDQ
SUDFWLF
$QDWRPLDSHYLXDJkWXOXLUHSHUHRVRDVHLPXVFXODUH
5DSRUWXULOH PXFKLORU JkWXOXL FX IRLHOH IDVFLDOH YLVFHUHOH FHUYLFDOH L SDFKHWXO
neurovascular al regiunii.
Scopul:
0RWLYDLD:
)DPLOLDUL]DUHD FX IRUPDLXQLOH WRSRJUDILFH L IDVFLLOH FHUYLFDOH L LPSRUWDQD ORU

DSOLFDWLY SUHFXP L IRUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU L GHSULQGHULORU SUDFWLFH SULYLQG
orientarea n elementele topografice ale regiunii.
,QIRUPDLD FDUH LQH GH IRUPDLXQLOH WRSRJUDILFH DOH JkWXOXL L GLQDPLFD
VHJPHQWXOXL FHUYLFDO DO WUXQFKLXOXL HVWH LPSRUWDQW SHQWUX VWXGLHUHD YDVHORU
VDQJYLQH L D QHUYLORU GLQ UHJLXQH SUHFXP L SHQWUX FRQWLHQWL]DUHD XQRU
GLVFLSOLQH FOLQLFH DQDWRPLHL WRSRJUDILFH L FKLUXUJLHL RSHUDWRULL WUDXPDWRORJLHL
microchirurgiei, ORL, neurologiei etc.).
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
temDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-OH vQ FRUHVSXQGHUH FX VXUVHOH ELEOLRJUDILFH L PDWHULDOHOH
LOXVWUDWLYHFDGDYUXOGLVHFDWSUHSDUDWHGHPX]HXPXODMHILOPHYLGHRSODQHDWODVHQRWDL
tezele mai importante.
x Fasciile gtului.
x Topografia gtului.
3. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJUHIHULWRDUHODIDVFLLOHJkWXOXL
A
Fig. 1
164
166
4. $GQRWDL ILJ LQGLFDL PXFKLL L IRUPDLXQLOH WRSRJUDILFH DOH JkWXOXL SH LPDJLQH
UHSUH]HQWDLJUDILFWULXQJKLul arterei lingvale (al lui Pirogov).
Fig.2
5. ,QGLFDL IRUPDLXQLOH FDUH GHOLPLWHD] WULJRQXO DUWHUHL YHUWHEUDOH :DOGH\HU H[SOLFDL

LPSRUWDQDOXLDSOLFDWLY
6. 3HLPDJLQHDGLQILJLQGLFDLIDVFLLOHLPXFKLLJkWXOXLVSDLLOHLQWHUIDVFLDOH.
Fig. 3
167
165
7. &RQWLQXDLIUD]HOHUHIHULWRDUHODVSDLLOHLQWHUPXVFXODUHLFHOXORDGLSRDVHLQWHUIDVFLDOHGLQ
regiunea gtului:
a. spatium interaponeuroticum suprasternale e localizat ntre
b. spatium previscerale e delimitat de

c. spatium retroviscerale e localizat ntre
d. spatium prevertebraleORFDOL]DWvQWUHH[RED]DFUDQLXOXLL7K3, e delimitat
anterior de
posterior de
e. spatium antescalenum DUHFDSHUHLDQWHULRU
posterior
LLQIHULRU
LFRQLQH
f. spatium interscalenum e delimitat anterior de
posteriror de
LLQIHULRUGHSULQHOWUHF
j. fossa retromandibularis HORFDOL]DW
LFRQLQH
8. ([SOLFDLWHUPHQLLSDFKHWQHXURYDVFXODUDOJkWXOXLVSDLX interfascial.
x Topografia gtului
x Fasciile gtului
11. &RQWURODLvQFHPVXUVXQWHLSUHJWLWSHQWUXDGHPRQVWUDL relata cele studiate.

14. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHODWHP
166
168
Lucrarea nr. 30
Tema:
0XFKLLLIDVFLLOHFDSXOXL VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLLLH[SORUDUHSHYLX.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. 0XFKLL PLPLFL FODVLILFDUH SDUWLFXODULWL GH VWUXFWXU RULHQWDUHD IDVFLFXlelor musculare,
RULJLQHLQVHULHIXQFLL
b. 0XFKLLPDVWLFDWRUL RULJLQHLQVHULHIXQFLL
c. )DVFLLOHH[WUHPLWLLFHIDOLFHSDUWLFXODULWLGHVWUXFWXUVSDLLOHLQWHUIDVFLDOH
d. ([SORUDUHDSHYLXDPXFKLORUFDSXOXL
Scopul:
0RWLYDLD:
Familiarizarea cu nomenFODWXUD PXFKLORU FDSXOXL IRUPDUHD GHSULQGHULORU GH D

LGHQWLILFDLGHPRQVWUDPXFKLLPLPLFLLDSULFHSHULLGHDDUJXPHQWDRULJLQHDL
SDUWLFXODULWLOH ORU GH LQVHULH SUHFXP L PHWRGHOH GH H[SORUDUH SH YLX DOH
acestora.
&XQRWLQHOH SULYLQG PRUIRORJLD PXFKLORU FDSXOXL L D IDVFLLORU H[WUHPLWLL
FHIDOLFHVXQWQHFHVDUHSHQWUXVWXGLHUHDYDVHORUVDQJYLQHLDQHUYLORUUHJLXQLLLD
unor discipline clinice (anatomiei topografice, chirurgiei maxilofaciale,
traumatologiei, neurologiei, chirurgiei plastice, reabilitologiei etc.).
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
WHPDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu sursele bibliografice, utiliznd cadavrul,
preparate de muzeuILOPHYLGHRSODQHPXODMHDWODVHQRWDLWH]HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWH
x 0XFKLLFDSXOXL.
x Fasciile capului.
3. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJUHIHULWRDUHODPXFKLLPLPLFL
A
Fig. 1
169
167
4. $GQRWDLLPDJLQLOHGLQILJUHIHULWRDUHODPXFKLLPDVWLFDWRUL
A
Fig. 2
168
170
5. ,QGLFDLPXFKLLFDUHUHDOL]HD]PLFULOHSUH]HQWDWHSULQLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ
A
B
C
D
Fig. 3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
6. &RQWLQXDLIUD]HOHUHIHULWRDUHODIDVFLLOHFDSXOXL
a.
fascia capitis superficialisvQDVSHFWGHSHULPLVLXPDFRSHUPDMRULWDWHDPXFKLORU
_____________________________________________________________________________;
b.
fascia capitis propria include:
x fascia temporalisFDUHVHGLYLGHvQGRXIRLHBBBBBBBBBB_________________________
_______________________________________________________________________;
x fascia masseterica FDUHDFRSHUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB___________________;
x fascia parotideaFDUHIRUPHD]FDSVXOSHQWUXBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB___________________;
x fascia bucopharyngeaFDUHDFRSHUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB__________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
7. )LQLVDLIUD]HOHFDUHLQGH VSDLLOHFHOXORDGLSRDVHLQWHUIDVFLDOHLLQWHUPXVFXODUHDOHFDSXOXL
a. spatium interaponeuroticum temporale e localizat ntre ______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________;
b. spatium subaponeuroticum temporale e delimitat de ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________;
c. spatium intermuscularis temporopterygoideum VHDIOvQWUHBBBBBBBBBBB_______________
____________________________________________________________________________;
d. spatium intermuscularis interpterygoideum HPUJLQLWGHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB_____________
____________________________________________________________________________;
e. corpus adiposum buccae e localizat ntre _________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
171
169
8. 3HLPDJLQLOHGLQILJLQGLFDLUHSHUHOHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHH[WUHPLWLLFHIDOLFH.
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
10. (ODERUDLXQUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD7HVWDUHDPXFKLORUPLPLFLLPDVWLFDWRUL
170
172
11. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D refeULWRDUHODWHPDQUUH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH
12. &RQWURODLGDFVXQWHLSUHJWLWSHQWUXDGHPRQVWUDLUHODWDFHOHVWXGLDWH
173
171
Lucrarea nr. 31
Tema:
0XFKLLIDVFLLOHLWRSRJUDILDVSDWHOXL([SORUDUHD SHYLXDPXFKLORUVSDWHOXL
Forma spatelui.
&RQLQXWXOWHPHL
a. 0XFKLLVSDWHOXL FODVLILFDUHRULJLQHLQVHULHIRUPDLIXQFLDORU
b. Fasciile spatelui SDUWLFXODULWLGHVWUXFWXU
c. Topografia spatelui .
d. Anatomia pe viu a regiuni dorsale a trunchiului.
Scopul:
0RWLYDLD:
)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG QRPHQFODWXUD PXFKLORU VSDWHOXL ORFDOL]DUHD L

IXQFLLOH ORU SUHFXP L D GHSULQGHULORU GH D-i identifica, indicndu-OH RULJLQHD L
LQVHULD
'DWHOH FDUH LQ GH DQDWRPLD L WRSRJUDILD PXFKLORU L fasciilor spatelui, locurile
slabe din peretele abdominal posterior, vor fi utile pentru studierea anatomiei
topografice a regiunii, chirurgiei, traumatologiei, neurologiei, kinetoterapiei etc.
5HDOL]DUHDOXFUULL:
1. 6HOHFWDL GLQ FKHVWLRQDU Anexa 1) subLHFWHOH WHRUHWLFH L SUDFWLFH UHIHULWRDUH OD
WHPDQDOL]DL-OH L VWXGLDL-le n corespundere cu sursele bibliografice, folosindu-Y GH
FDGDYUXO GLVHFDW PXODMH SUHSDUDWH GH PX]HX ILOPH YLGHR SODQH DWODVH QRWDL WH]HOH PDL
importante.
2. 5HSUH]HQWDLJUDILFVWUXFWXUDORJLFDFRPSRQHQWHORUWHPHLFDUHLQGH
x 0XFKLLVSDWHOXL.
x Fasciile spatelui.
x Topografia spatelui.
A
172
174
Fig. 1
4. &HVHvQHOHJHSULQQRLXQLOHGHWULXQJKLLWHWUDJRQORPEDUL"
5. &RQWLQXDLIUD]HOHUHIHULWRDUHODIDVFLLOHVSDWHOXL
x fascia dorsi superficialis HSODVDWBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB________________________;
x fascia dorsi propria DFRSHUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB____________________________________
LHIRUPDWGLQ
x lamina superficialis fasciae dorsi propriae QXPLWLBBBB__________________________),
FDUHDFRSHUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB_____________________________
x _________________________________________________________________________;
x lamina profunda fasciae dorsi propriaFDUHDFRSHUPXFKLXOBBBBB__________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
175
173
6. ,QGLFDLSHLPDJLQHDGLQILJUHSHUHOHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHVSDWHOXL
Fig. 2
7. 7HVWDUHDFURUPXFKLDLVSDWHOXLHUHSUH]HQWDWSULQLPDJLQLOHGLQILJ?
A
B
174
Fig. 3
176
8. (QXPHUDLLH[SOLFDLYDULDQWHOHGHIRUPDVSDWHOXL
x Fasciile spatelui.
x Topografia spatelui.
x ([SORUDUHDSHYLXDPXFKLORUVSDWHOXL.
11. 9HULILFDLFRPSHWHQHOHLGHSULQGHULOHIRUPDWHvQUH]XOWDWXOVWXGLHULLWHPei.
13. 6XELHFWHQHFODUHLvQWUHEULDSUXWHSHSDUFXUVXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULLQU
177
175
CHESTIONAR PRIVIND APARATUL LOCOMOTOR

&RQWUROXOFXQRWLQHORUSUDFWLFH
,'LQRVWHRORJLHUHVSRQGHQLLYRUGHPRQVWUD
1. Exemple de oase tubulare.
2. Exemple de oase plate.
3. Exemple de oase spongioase.
4. Exemple de oase pneumatice.
5. Exemple de oase sesamoide.
6. Exemple de oase monoepifizare.
7. 3RULXQLOHRDVHORUWXEXODUHOXQJL
8. 3ULOHFRPSRQHQWHDOHYHUWHEUHORU
9. 9HUWHEUHOHFHUYLFDOH,L,,
10. 9HUWHEUHOHFHUYLFDOH9,L9,,
11. 9HUWHEUHOHWRUDFLFH,;;,L;,,
12. Vertebrele lombare.
13. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDYHUWHEUHORU
14. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDVDFUXOXL
15. Curburile coloanei vertebrale.
16. )RUPDLXQLOHRVRDVHGLQUHJLXQHDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHSDOSDELOHSHYLX
17. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDFRDVWHORU
18. &RDVWHOH,,,;,L;,,
19. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDVWHUQXOXL
20. Unghiul sternal (Louis).
21. Arcul costal.
22. Unghiul infrasternal.
23. Unghiul costoxifoidian.
24. Reperele osoase ale toracelui.
25. Oasele membrului toracic.
26. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDRDVHORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUH
27. Elementele descriptive ale scapulei.
28. Elementele descriptive ale claviculei.
29. &RPSRQHQWHOHVFDSXOHLL claviculei, palpabile pe viu.
30. Radiograme ale oaselor centurii scapulare.
31. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDKXPHUXVXOXL
32. Elementele descriptive ale humerusului.
33. Elementele humerusului, palpabile pe viu.
34. Radiograme ale humerusului.
35. 2DVHOHDQWHEUDXOXL
36. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDRDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXL
37. (OHPHQWHOHRDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXLSDOSDELOHSHYLX
38. 5DGLRJUDPHDOHRDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXL
39. Oasele minii.
40. Oasele carpiene.
41. Oasele metacarpiene.
42. Elementele scheletului minii, palpabile pe viu.
43. Oasele membrului pelvin.
44. Oasele pelvisului.
45. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDFR[DOXOXL
178
176
Anexa I
46. 3RULXQLOHFR[DOXOXL
47. Elemente descriptive ale coxalului.
48. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDSHOYLVXOXL
49. Pelvisul mare.
50. Pelvisul mic.
51. Promontoriul.
52. /LQLDWHUPLQDO
53. $SHUWXUDVXSHULRDUDSHOYLVXOXL
54. $SHUWXUDLQIHULRDUDSHOYLVXOXL
55. Punctele pelviometrice, palpabile pe viu.
56. Dimensiunile pelvisului.
57. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDIHPXUXOXL
58. Elementele descriptive ale femurului.
59. Elementele femurului, palpabile pe viu.
60. Radiograme ale femurului.
61. Oasele gambei.
62. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDRDVHORUJDPEHL
63. Elementele oaselor gambei, palpabile pe viu.
64. Elementele descriptive ale tibiei.
65. Radiograme ale oaselor gambei.
66. Oasele piciorului.
67. Oasele tarsiene.
68. 3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDFDOFDQHXOXL
69. Oasele metatarsiene.
70. Elementele scheletului piciorului, palpabile pe viu.
71. %ROLOHSLciorului.
72. Oasele craniului cerebral.
73. Elementele oaselor craniului cerebral, palpabile pe viu.
74. Oasele craniului facial.
75. Elementele craniului facial, palpabile pe viu.
76. 3RULXQLOHRVXOXLIURQWDO
77. 3RULXQLOHRVXOXLHWPRLG
78. 3RULXQLOHRVXOXLVIHQRLG
79. 3RULXQLOH osului occipital.
80. 3RULXQLOHRVXOXLWHPSRUDO
81. 3RULXQLOHPD[LOHL
82. 3RULXQLOHRVXOXLSDODWLQ
83. 3RULXQLOHPDQGLEXOHL
84. /LQLDOLPLWURIGLQWUHEROWDLED]DFUDQLXOXL
85. Localizarea fontanelelor la nou-QVFXW
86. Fosele (etajele) endobazei craniului.
87. Elementele deVFULSWLYHGLQIRVDDQWHULRDUDFUDQLXOXL
88. Elementele descriptive din fosa medie a craniului.
89. (OHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHGLQIRVDSRVWHULRDUDFUDQLXOXL
90. %D]DH[WHUQDFUDQLXOXL
91. Fosele craniului facial.
92. &RPXQLFULOHIRVHLSWHULJRSDODWLQH
93. 3HUHLLRUELWHLL RDVHOHFDUHvLIRUPHD]
94. &RPXQLFULOHRUELWHL
95. 3HUHLLFDYLWLLQD]DOHLRDVHOHFDUHvLIRUPHD]
179
177
96. 6LQXVXULOHSDUDQD]DOHFRPXQLFULOHORU
97. &RPXQLFULOHFDYLWLLFUDQLXOXL
98. Punctele craniometrice.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
178
II. 'LQIRUPDLXQLOHVWXGLDWHvQFDGUXODUWURVLQGHVPRORJLHLVWXGHQLLYRUGHPRQVWUD
Exemple de sinfibroze (sindesmoze).
Exemple de sincondroze.
Exemple de sinostoze.
Exemple de hemiartroze.
([HPSOHGHDUWLFXODLLXQLD[LDOH
$UWLFXODLLWURKRLGHJLQJOLP
$UWLFXODLLWURKOHDUHFLOLQGULFH
$UWLFXODLLHOLFRLGale (cohleare, n melc).
([HPSOHGHDUWLFXODLLELD[LDOH
$UWLFXODLLFRQGLODUH
$UWLFXODLLHOLSVRLGDOH
$UWLFXODLLVHODUHvQD
([HPSOHGHDUWLFXODLLSOXULD[LDOH
$UWLFXODLLVIHURLGDOH
$UWLFXODLLFRWLOLFH
$UWLFXODLLSODQH
Exemple de amfiartroze.
([HPSOHGHDUWLFXODLLVLPSOH
([HPSOHGHDUWLFXODLLFRPSXVH
([HPSOHGHDUWLFXODLLFRPSOH[H
([HPSOHGHDUWLFXODLLFRPELQDWH
$UWLFXODLLOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
Discurile intervertebrale.
Ligamentele coloanei vertebrale.
/LJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLLORUFoloanei vertebrale cu craniul.
Radiograme ale coloanei vertebrale.
Suturile craniului.
$UWLFXODLDWHPSRURPDQGLEXODU
Radiograme ale craniului.
$UWLFXODLLOHFRDVWHORUFXYHUWHEUHOH
$UWLFXODLLOHFRDVWHORUFXVWHUQXO
5DGLRJUDPHDOHRDVHORULDUWLFXODLilor toracelui.
$UWLFXODLDVWHUQRFODYLFXODU
$UWLFXODLDDFURPLRFODYLFXODU
Ligamentele proprii ale scapulei.
)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLVFDSXORKXPHUDOH
Labrul glenoidal.
7HQGRQXOFDSXOXLOXQJDOELFHSVXOXLLWHDFDOXLVLQRYLDO
0LFULOHvQDUWLFXODLDVFDSXORKXPHUDO
5DGLRJUDPHDOHDUWLFXODLHLVFDSXORKXPHUDOH
)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLFRWXOXL
/LJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLFRWXOXL
)XQFLLOHDUWLFXODLHLFRWXOXL
5DGLRJUDPHDOHDUWLFXODLHLFRWXOXL
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXL
180
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLLORURDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXL
)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLUDGLRFDUSLHQH
/LJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLUDGLRFDUSLHQH
/LJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLLORUPkLQLL
5DGLRJUDPHDOHDUWLFXODLHLUDGLRFDUSLHQHLDOHDUWLFXODLLORUPkLQLL
$UWLFXODLLOHSHOYLVXOXL
Ligamentele pelvisului.
Orificiile sciatice.
2ULILFLXOGHOLPLWDWGHDQXOREWXUDWRULPHPEUDQDRPRQLP
5DGLRJUDPHDOHRDVHORULDUWLFXODLLORUSHOYLVXOXL
)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLFR[RIHPXUDOH
Labrul acetabular.
LLJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLFR[RIHPXUDOH
)XQFLLOHDUWLFXODLHLFR[RIHPXUDOH
5DGLRJUDPHDOHDUWLFXODLHLFR[RIHPXUDOH
3R]LLDDQDWRPLFDDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXL
)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXL
(OHPHQWHOHDX[LOLDUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQchiului.
)XQFLLOHDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXL
5DGLRJUDPHDOHDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXL
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUJDPEHL
)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOH
/LJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOH
)XQFLLOHDUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOH
Radiograme ale aUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOH
$UWLFXODLDPHGLRWDUVLDQ&KRSDUW
Ligamentul - FKHLHDODUWLFXODLHLOXLChopart.
$UWLFXODLLOHWDUVRPHWDWDUVLHQH/LVIUDQF
5DGLRJUDPHDOHRDVHORULDUWLFXODLLORUSLFLRUXOXL
(OHPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLWHPSRURPDQGLEXODUHSDOSDbile pe viu.
(OHPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUSDOSDELOHSHYLX
(OHPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUSDOSDELOHSHYLX
III./DPLRORJLHUHVSRQGHQLLYRUGHPRQVWUD
1. 'LVSR]LWLYHOHDX[LOLDUHDOHPXFKLORU
2. 0XFKLLVXSHUILFLDOLDLVSDWHOXL
3. MXFKLLSURIXQ]LDLVSDWHOXL
4. Triunghiul lombar (Petit).
5. 6SDLXOSDWUXODWHUXOORPEDU*U\QIHOG-Lesgaft).
6. Fasciile spatelui.
7. (OHPHQWHOHPXVFXODUHGLQUHJLXQHDVSDWHOXLFDUHSRWILVXSXVHLQVSHFLHLVDXSDOSDLHLSHYLX
8. 0XFKLLWRUDFHOXL
9. Diafragma.
10. 3RUiunile diafragmei.
11. Fasciile toracelui.
12. 0XFKLLWRUDFHOXLH[SORUDELOLSHYLX
13. 0XFKLLDEGRPHQXOXL
14. 7HDFDPXFKLXOXLUHFWDEGRPLQDO
15. /LQLLOHDUFXDWLVHPLOXQDU
16. /LQLDDOE
181
179
17. ,QWHUVHFLXQLOHWHQGLQRDVHDOHPUHFWXVDEGRPLQLV
18. Fasciile abdomenului.
19. Canalul inghinal.
20. 3HUHLLLRULILFLLOHFDQDOXOXLLQJKLQDO
21. 0XFKLLLIRUPDLXQLOHWRSRJUDILFHDOHDEGRPHQXOXLH[SORUDELOHSHYLX
22. 0XFKLLFHQWXULLVFDSXODUH
23. 0XFKLLLIRUPDLXQLOHWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDXPUXOXLH[SORUDELOHSHYLX
24. 0XFKLLEUDXOXL
25. Capetele bicepsului brahial.
26. Aponeuroza bicepsului brahial.
27. *UXSHOHGHPXFKLDLDQWHEUDXOXL
28. 0XFKLLDQWHULRULDLDQWHEUDXOXL
29. 0XFKLLSRVWHULRULDLDQWHEUDXOXL
30. 0XFKLLFDUHHIHFWXHD]IOH[LDDQWHEUDXOXL
31. 0XFKLLFDUHHIHFWXHD]H[WHQVLDDQWHEUDXOXL
32. *UXSHOHGHPXFKLDLPkLQLL
33. 0XFKLLSDOPDULDLPkLQLL
34. 0XFKLLGRUVDOLDLPkLQLL
35. 3HUHLLLDSHUWXULOHFDYLWLLD[LODUH
36. 2ULILFLLOHWULODWHULSDWUXODWHU
37. 7ULXQJKLXULOHSHUHWHOXLDQWHULRUDOFDYLWLLD[LODUH
38. Canalul humeromuscular.
39. DQXULOHELFLSLWDle.
40. )RVDFXELWDO
41. Canalul supinator.
42. DQXULOHGHSHIDDDQWHULRDUDDQWHEUDXOXL
43. Spatiul celular Parona (Pirogov).
44. &DQDOXOFDUSDO&DQDOHOHUDGLDOLXOQDUDOFDUSXOXL
45. $SRQHXUR]DSDOPDU
46. &DQDOHOHRVWHRILEURDVHLWHFLOHVLQRYLDOHDOHWHQGRDQHORUIOH[RULORUPkLQLLLGHJHWHORU
47. &DQDOHOHRVWHRILEURDVHLWHFLOHVLQRYLDOHGHSHIDDGRUVDODJkWXOXLPkLQLL
48. 0XFKLLLHOHPHQWHOHWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDD[LOHLH[SORUDELOHSHYLX
49. 0XFKLLLHOHPHQWHOHWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDEUDXOXLYL]LELOHLSDlpabile pe viu.
50. 0XFKLLLHOHPHQWHOHWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDDQWHEUDXOXLH[SORUDELOHSHYLX
51. 0XFKLLLHOHPHQWHOHWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDPkLQLLH[SORUDELOHSHYLX
52. 0XFKLLLQWHUQLDLED]LQXOXL
53. 0XFKLLGLQUHJLXQHDIHVLHU
54. *UXSHOHGHPXFKLDLFRDpsei.
55. 0XFKLLDQWHULRULDLFRDSVHL
56. Capetele m. quadriceps femoris.
57. 0XFKLLPHGLDOLDLFRDSVHL
58. 0XFKLLSRVWHULRULDLFRDSVHL
59. 0XFKLLDQWHULRULDLJDPEHL
60. 0XFKLLODWHUDOLDLJDPEHL
61. 0XFKLLSRVWHULRULDLJDPEHL
62. 0XFKLLFDUHHIHFWXHD]IOH[LDJDPEei.
63. 0XFKLLGRUVDOLDLSLFLRUXOXL
65. 0XFKLLSODQWDULDLSLFLRUXOXL
66. 0XFKLLFDUHVXVLQEROLOHSLFLRUXOXL
67. Orificiile supra- LLQIUDSLULIRUP
180
182
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
/DFXQHOHPXVFXODULYDVFXODU
Triunghiul femural (Scarpa).
Inelul femural.
3HUHLLLRULILFLLOHFDQDOXOXLIHmural.
)RVDRYDOKLDWXOVDIHQ
Canalul obturator.
Canalul adductor (Hunter).
Canalul cruropopliteu (Gruber).
Fosa poplitee.
Canalul cruropopliteu.
Canalele musculofibulare.
DQXULOHSODQWDUH
)DVFLDODWDFRDSVHL
Tractul iliotibial.
Fasciile gambei LDOHSLFLRUXOXLLGHULYDWHOHORU
Canalul lui Pirogov.
$SRQHXUR]DSODQWDU
&DQDOHOHRVWHRILEURDVHLWHFLOHVLQRYLDOHGLQUHJLXQHDJOH]QHLLDSLFLRUXOXL
Repere musculare la nivelul fesei.
0XFKLLDQWHULRULDLFRDSVHLH[SORUDELOLSHYLX
0XFKLLSRVteriori ai coapsei, palpabili pe viu.
Fosa poplitee pe viu.
)RUPDLXQLOHPXVFXODUHH[SORUDELOHSHYLXODQLYHOXOJDPEHL
(OHPHQWHOHPXVFXODUHLWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDDUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOHJkWXOSLFLRUXOXLLD
piciorului, palpabile pe viu.
92. GrupelHGHPXFKLDLJkWXOXL
93. 0XFKLLvQVHUDLSHRVXOKLRLG
94. 0XFKLLSURIXQ]LDLJkWXOXL
95. 0XFKLLVFDOHQL
96. Triunghiurile gtului.
97. Triungiul arterei linguale (Pirogov).
98. 0XFKLLLIRUPDLXQLOHWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDJkWXOXLH[SORUDELOHSHYLX
99. 0XFKLLPLPLFL DLIHHL
100.0XFKLLPDVWLFDWRUL
101..Repere musculare din regiunea capului, explorabile pe viu.
&RQWUROXOFXQRWLQHORUWHRUHWLFH
1. $QDWRPLDRPXOXLFDGLVFLSOLQLUDPXULOHHL
2. (YROXLDLVWRULFDDQDWRPLHL2ULJLQHDFXQRWLQHORUDQDWRPLFH$QDWRPLDvQDQWLFKitate.
3. Anatomia n evul mediu.
4. 5ROXO5HQDWHULLvQGH]YROWDUHDDQDWRPLHL/HRQDUGRGD9LQFLLED]HOHDQDWRPLHLPRGHUQH
5. $QGUHDV 9HVDOLXV L DQDWRPLD PRGHUQ :LOOLDP +DUYH\ L GHVFRSHULUHD FLUFXODLHL VkQJHOXL
0DUFHOOR0DOSLJKLLvQFHSXWXULOHDQDWRPLHLmicroscopice.
6. Dezvoltarea anatomiei n secolele XVIII-XX.
7. 0HWRGHOHWUDGLLRQDOHLFRQWHPSRUDQHGHH[SORUDUHXWLOL]DWHvQDQDWRPLDRPXOXL
8. 1RLXQL JHQHUDOH GHVSUH VWUXFWXUD FRUSXOXL XPDQ 2UJDQLVPXO L HOHPHQWHOH OXL FRQVWLWXWLYH
HVXWXULRUJDQHVLVWHme de organe, aparate.
9. ,QWHJULWDWHDRUJDQLVPXOXL2UJDQLVPXOXPDQLPHGLXODPELDQW
10. (WDSHOHSULQFLSDOHGHRQWRJHQH]DRUJDQLVPXOXLXPDQ&UHWHUHDLGH]YROWDUHDOXLvQSHULRDGD
DQWHQDWDOLQWUDXWHULQ
11. &UHWHUHDLGH]YROWDUHDRUJDQLVPXOXLXPDQvQSHULRDGDSRVWQDWDOH[WUDXWHULQ
183
181
12. 1RLXQLJHQHUDOHGHVSUHQRUPYDULDQWHDOHQRUPHLDQRPDOLLLLPSRUWDQDORUDSOLFDWLY
13. $VSHFWHSRQGHUDOHGHVWDWXULVXSUDIDDFRUSXOXLRPHQHVF
14. 3URSRULLOHFRUSXOXL1RLXQLGHVSUHPRGXO3XQFWHOHDQWURSRPHWULFHSrincipale.
15. 7LSXULOHFRQVWLWXLRQDOHLPSRUWDQDDSOLFDWLYDLQIRUPDLLORUSULYLQGWLSRORJLD
16. (OHPHQWHOH GH RULHQWDUH DOH FRUSXOXL RPHQHVF XWLOL]DUHD ORU vQ VWXGLXO DQDWRPLHL L SUDFWLFD
PHGLFDO
17. Limbajul anatomic.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
I.
$SDUDWXOGHVXVLQHUHLPLFDUHJHQHUDOLWL
$SDUDWXOGHVXVLQHUHLPLFDUH FRPSRQHQWHUROIXQFLRQDO
Osul n calitate de organ. structura osului, periostul.
)XQFLLOHRDVHORU
&ODVLILFDUHDRDVHORUGXSIRUPORFDOL]DUHvQFRUSVWUXFWXUGH]YROWDUH
3DUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUHORUVXSHULRDUHLLQIHULRDUHLPSRUWDQDORU
DSOLFDWLY
3DUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHRDVHORUFUDQLXOXLYDORDUHDORUDSOLFDWLY
2DVHVHVDPRLGHYRUPLHQHIRQWLFXODUHSDUWLFXODULWLVWUXFWXUDOHORFDOL]DUHLPSRUWDQ
aplicatiY
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORU QRLXQLJHQHUDOHFODVLILFDUH
Sinartrozele FDUDFWHULVWLFDJHQHUDOYDULHWL
Diartrozele FDUDFWHULVWLFJHQHUDOHOHPHQWHOHORUSULQFLSDOHLDX[LOLDUH
Diartrozele simple, compuse, complexe, combinate.
$UWLFXODLLOHXQi-, bi- LSOXULD[LDOHYDULHWL
%LRPHFDQLFDDUWLFXODLLORUQRLXQLJHQHUDOH
)DFWRULLFDUHFRQWULEXLHODPRGHODUHDIHHORUDUWLFXODUH
)DFWRULLFDUHLQIOXHQHD]JUDGXOGHPRELOLWDWHDDUWLFXODLLORU
6WUXFWXUDPXFKLORU0XFKLXOFDRUJDQ
ClasificDUHDPXFKLORUvQGHSHQGHQGHIRUPWRSRJUDILHVWUXFWXURULJLQHIXQFLL
'LVSR]LWLYHOHDX[LOLDUHDOHPXFKLORU
3DUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHIDVFLLORU5ROXOIDVFLLORUvQDFWLYLWDWHDPXFKLORU
1RLXQLGHVSUHSkUJKLLLIXQFLLOHPXFKLORU
QFUXFLDUHDPXFKLORU/DQXULPXVFXODUH
$VHPQULLGHRVHELULvQVWUXFWXUDLDFWLYLWDWHDPXFKLORUPHPEUHORUVXSHULRDUHLLQIHULRDUH
,QIOXHQDIXQFLHLDVXSUDVWUXFWXULLRDVHORUDUWLFXODLLORULPXFKLORU
(OHPHQWHGHVWDWLFLGLQDPLFDOHFRUSXOXLXPDQUROXODPRUWL]DWRUDOXQRUIRUPDLXQL
1RLXQLGHVSUHFHQWUXOGHJUDYLWDLHDOFRUSXOXL
II.
6LVWHPXORVRVRVWHRORJLHVSHFLDO
1. Vertebrele SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUJHQHUDO
2. Vertebrele cervicale SDUWLFXODULWLVWUXFWXUDOHJHQHUDOHLLQGLYLduale.
3. Vertebrele toracice SDUWLFXODULWLVWUXFWXUDOHUHJLRQDOHLLQGLYLGXDOH
4. Vertebrele lombare SDUWLFXODULWLVWUXFWXUDOHUHJLRQDOH
5. 6DFUXOLFRFFLVXO SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
6. 6WHUQXOLFRDVWHOH SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
7. Oasele centurii scapulare SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
8. Humerusul SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
9. 2DVHOHDQWHEUDXOXL SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
10. Oasele minii WRSRJUDILHVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
11. Coxalul SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
12. Femurul SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
182
184
13. Oasele gambei SR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUIXQFLL

14. Oasele piciorului WRSRJUDILHVWUXFWXUIXQFLL
15. Craniul FRPSRQHQWH FRPSDUWLPHQWH URO IXQFLRQDO $SOLFDELOLWDWHD LQIRUPDLLORU GHVSUH
structura craniului.
16. Frontalul DH]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDOFRQVLGHUDLXQLFOLQLFH
17. Osul sfenoid VLWXDUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
18. Osul occipital DPSODVDUHSR]LLH DQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
19. Osul parietal DH]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
20. Osul etmoid VLWXDUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO,PSRUWDQFOLQLF
a celulelor etmoidale.
21. Osul temporal - DPSODVDUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFFRPSDUWLPHQWHUROIXQFLRQDO$VSHFWHFOLQLFH
FXSULYLUHODSRULXQLOHWHPSRUDOXOXL
22. Solzul temporalului IHHVWUXFWXUIXQFLL3RULXQHDWLPSDQLFDWHPSRUDOXOXL VWUXFWXU
IXQFLL
23. Stnca temporalului IHHPDUJLQLVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
24. &DQDOHOHLFDYLWLOHRVXOXLWHPSRUDO ORFDOL]DUHFRQLQXW
25. Maxila - DH]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO0RUIRORJLDPD[LOHLVXE
aspect clinic.
26. Osul palatin - VLWXDUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
27. Oasele mici ale craniului facial (vomerul, cornetul nazal inferior, oasele lacrimal, nazal,
]LJRPDWLFLKLRLGXO GLVWULEXLUHVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
28. Mandibula - DH]DUHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFSRULXQLVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO
29. 7RSRJUDILDEROLLFUDQLXOXLOLQLDOLPLWURIFDUHRVHSDUGHED]$VSHFWHDQWURSRPHWULFHL
clinice privind bolta craniului.
30. 7RSRJUDILDH[RED]HLFUDQLXOXLUROXORULILFLLORULFDQDOHORUGHSHHD
31. Topografia endobazei craniului, rolul orificiilor LFDQDOHORUGHSHHD
32. Orbita SR]LLHSHUHLFRPXQLFULLUROXOORU
33. &DYLWDWHDQD]DO SR]LLHSHUHLFRPSDUWLPHQWHFRPXQLFUL,PSRUWDQDFOLQLFD
LQIRUPDLLORUGHVSUHPRUIRORJLDFDYLWLLQD]DOH
34. Palatul dur SR]LLHVWUXFWXU
35. Fosele temporDOLQIUDWHPSRUDOSWHULJRSDODWLQ SR]LLHSHUHLFRPXQLFULLUROXOORU
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
III. /HJWXULOHGLQWUHRDVHDUWURVLQGHVPRORJLHVSHFLDO

$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUFUDQLXOXL VWUXFWXUPXFKLLFDUHOHLQIOXHQHD]PLFUL
$UWLFXODLLOHYHUWHEUHORU structurPXFKLLFDUHOHLQIOXHQHD]PLFUL
&RORDQDYHUWHEUDOvQDQVDPEOXPLFULOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
$UWLFXODLLOHFRDVWHORUFXYHUWHEUHOHLFXVWHUQXO VWUXFWXUPXFKLLFDUHOHLQIOXHQHD]
PLFUL
7RUDFHOHvQDQVDPEOXH[FXUVLXQLOHOXLLPXFKii care le produc.
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUH VWUXFWXUPLFULPXFKLLFDUHOHSURGXF
$UWLFXODLDXPUXOXL VWUXFWXUPLFULPXFKLLFDUHOHSURGXF
$UWLFXODLDFRWXOXL VWUXFWXUPLFULPXFKLLFDUHOHSURGXF
Unirile oaselor aQWHEUDXOXL- VWUXFWXUPLFULPXFKLLFDUHOHSURGXF
$UWLFXODLDUDGLRFDUSLDQ- VWUXFWXUPLFULPXFKLLFDUHOHSURGXF
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUPkLQLL FODVLILFDUHPLFUL
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUFHQWXULLPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU VWUXFWXUPLFUL
Bazinul n ansamblu SHUHLFRPSDUWLPHQWHDSHUWXULRULILFLL
'LPHQVLXQLOHED]LQXOXLIHPLQLQLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
$UWLFXODLDFR[RIHPXUDO VWUXFWXUPLFULPXFKLLFDUHOHSURGXF
$UWLFXODLDJHQXQFKLXOXL- VWUXFWXUPLFULPXFKLLFDUHOHSURduc.
185
183
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
184
Unirile oselor gambei VWUXFWXU

$UWLFXODLDWDORFUXUDO- VWUXFWXUPLFULPXFKLLFDUHOHSURGXF
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUSLFLRUXOXL- VWUXFWXUPXFKLLFDUHOHLQIOXHQHD]PLFUL
3LFLRUXOvQDQVDPEOX%ROLOHSLFLRUXOXLDVSHFWHFOLQLFH
VaORDUHDFOLQLFDLQIRUPDLLORUSULYLQGPRUIRORJLDDUWLFXODLLORU
,96LVWHPXOPXVFXODUPLRORJLHVSHFLDO
0XFKLLVXSHUILFLDOLLIDVFLLOHVSDWHOXL VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLLSURIXQ]LDLVSDWHOXL- VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLL LIDVFLLOHWRUDFHOXL FODVLILFDUHVWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
Diafragma VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH IXQFLL 5HJLXQL YXOQHUDELOH DOH GLDIUDJPHL LPSRUWDQ
DSOLFDWLY
0XFKLLLIDVFLLOHDEGRPHQXOXL FODVLILFDUHVWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
LiniDDOELWHDFDPXFKLXOXLUHFWDEGRPLQDO VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHDVSHFWHFOLQLFH
/RFXULOHVODEHGLQSHUHWHOHDQWHULRUDODEGRPHQXOXLLPSRUWDQFOLQLF
Canalul inghinal SHUHLRULILFLLFRQLQXWVHPQLILFDLHDSOLFDWLY
$FLXQHD GH WRWDOLWDWH D PXFKLORU DEGRPLQDOL LQIOXHQ DVXSUD FRORDQHL YHUWHEUDOH SUHVD
DEGRPLQDOHWF
0XFKLLVXSHUILFLDOLDLJkWXOXLLPXFKLLLQVHUDLSHRVXOKLRLG VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLLSURIXQ]LDLJkWXOXL VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
Fasciile gtului VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILH6SDLLOHLQWHUIDVFLDOHDOHJkWXOXLLPSRUWDQDORUFOLQLF
7RSRJUDILDJkWXOXLUHJLXQLWULXQJKLXULVSDLL
0XFKLLFDSXOXL FODVLILFDUH0XFKLLPLPLFL VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLL PDVWLFDWRUL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH IXQFLL %LRPHFDQLFD DUWLFXODLHL
temporomandibulare.
Fasciile capului VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILH6SDLLOHLQWHUIDVFLDOHDOHFDSXOXL
0XFKLLFHQWXULLVFDSXODUH VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLLEUDXOXL- VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
MuFKLLDQWHEUDXOXLJUXSXODQWHULRU- VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLLDQWHEUDXOXLJUXSXOSRVWHULRU- VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLLPkLQLL- VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
Fasciile membrului superior - VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
ToSRJUDILDUHJLXQLLD[LODUHIRVDFDYLWDWHDSHUHLLRULILFLLOHFRQLQXWXO
7RSRJUDILDEUDXOXLLDUHJLXQLLFXELWDOH
7RSRJUDILDDQWHEUDXOXLLDPkLQLL
Canalele osteofibroase ale minii.
7HFLOHVLQRYLDOHDOHWHQGRDQHORUPXFKLORUPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
0XFKLLLQWHUQLDLED]LQXOXL- VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLLH[WHUQLDLED]LQXOXL- VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLLFRDSVHL FODVLILFDUHVWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFKLLJDPEHL FODVLILFDUHVWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
0XFhii piciorului FODVLILFDUHVWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHIXQFLL
(OHPHQWHOHDFWLYHLSDVLYHFXUROGHIRUWLILFDUHDEROLORUSLFLRUXOXL
Fasciile membrului inferior - VWUXFWXUWRSRJUDILHGHULYDWH
&DQDOHOHRVWHRILEURDVHLWHFLOHVLQRYLDOHDOHPHPEUXOXLinferior.
)RUPDLXQLOHWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDSHOYLVXOXL orificiile supra- LLQIUDSLULIRUPFDQDOXO
REWXUDWRUODFXQHOHPXVFXODULYDVFXODU SHUHLLFRQLQXW
7RSRJUDILDFRDSVHLLDIRVHLSRSOLWHH
7RSRJUDILDJDPEHLLDSLFLRUXOXL
Dinamica coORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHLDFRDVWHORU
186
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Dinamica capului.
'LQDPLFDFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLDEUDXOXL
'LQDPLFDDQWHEUDXOXLLDPkLQLL
Dinamica membrului inferior.
Mersul VSHFLILFXOLRUJDQL]DUHDPHUVXOXLSDUWLFXODULWLOHOXLGHYkUVW
Aplicabilitatea infRUPDLLORUSULYLQGVWUXFWXUDWRSRJUDILDLIXQFLLOHPXFKLORU
9'H]YROWDUHDLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDRUJDQHORUDSDUDWXOXLGHVXVLQHUHLPLFDUH
1RLXQLJHQHUDOHGHVSUHGH]YROWDUHDRDVHORULDQRPDOLLOHORU
/HJLWLOHGH]YROWULLVLVWHPXOXLRVRVLDOHSURFHVHORUGHRVLILFDUH
'H]YROWDUHDYHUWHEUHORU9DULDQWHLDQRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDYHUWHEUHORU
'H]YROWDUHDFRDVWHORULDVWHUQXOXL9DULDQWHLDQRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDFRDVWHORULD
sternului.
Dezvoltarea oaselor membrului superior. VariaQWHLDQRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDRDVHORU
membrului superior.
'H]YROWDUHDRDVHORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU9DULDQWHLDQRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDRDVHORU
membrului inferior.
Dezvoltarea oaselor craniului cerebral.
9DULDQWHLDQRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDRDVHORUFUDQLXlui cerebral.
Dezvoltarea oaselor craniului facial.
9DULDQWHLDQRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDRDVHORUFUDQLXOXLIDFLDO
'H]YROWDUHDOHJWXULORUGLQWUHRDVHYDULDQWHLDQRPDOLL
'H]YROWDUHDPXFKLORUQRLXQLJHQHUDOH
'H]YROWDUHDPXFKLORUWUXQFKLXOXL
Dezvoltarea diafragmei, anomalii.
'H]YROWDUHDPXFKLORUPHPEUHORUVXSHULRDUHLLQIHULRDUH
'H]YROWDUHDPXFKLORUFDSXOXL
9DULDQWHLDQRPDOLLGHGH]YROWDUHDPXFKLORUWUXQFKLXOXLFDSXOXLLPHPEUHORU
9,3DUWLFXODULWLLQGLYLGXDOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOH RUJDQHORUDSDUDWXOXLGHVXVLQHUHL
PLFDUH
1.
,QIOXHQDIDFWRULORULQWHUQLLH[WHUQLDVXSUDVWUXFWXULLRDVHORU6WUXFWXUDRDVHORUvQGHSHQGHQ
GHPXQFDIL]LFLVSRUW
2.
3DUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWLGHVH[vQVWUXFWXUDRDVHORU
3.
3DUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWale coloanei vertebrale.
4.
3DUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHSHOYLVXOXL
5.
Craniul nou-QVFXWXOXLLWUDQVIRUPULOHOXLSRVWQDWDOH
6.
3DUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHFUDQLXOXL
7.
3DUWLFXODULWLLQGLYLGXDOHDOHFUDQLXOXL
8.
)DDHOHPHQWHOHFDUHGHWHUPLQSDUWLFXODULWLOHHLLQGLYLGXDOH)RUPDUHDIHHLLHWDSHOHHL
9.
3DUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWDOHDUWLFXODLLORU
10. $QDWRPLDGHYkUVWDPXFKLORU
11. 3DUWLFXODULWLGHYkUVWLGHVH[DOHUHJLXQLORUVODEHGLQSHUHWHOHDQWHULRUDODEGRPHQXOXL
12. Valoarea informDLLORUGHVSUHSDUWLFXODULWLOHLQGLYLGXDOHGHYkUVWLGHVH[SHQWUXSUDFWLFD
PHGLFDO
1.
2.
VII. (OHPHQWHGHDQDWRPLHSHYLXDDSDUDWXOXLGHVXVLQHUHLPLFDUH
LQXWDWLSXULOHHLIDFWRULLFDUHRGHWHUPLQLFDUDFWHULVWLFDORU
Habitusul.
187
185
3.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Palparea pe viu DYHUWHEUHORULVWDELOLUHDORFDOL]ULLORUvQFRORDQDYHUWHEUDOXWLOL]kQGSXQFWHL

OLQLLGHLGHQWLILFDUHLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
3DOSDUHDSHYLXDFRDVWHORUVWHUQXOXLLDVSDLLORULQWHUFRVWDOH6WDELOLUHDORFDOL]ULLFRDVWHORU
SHYLXLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
5HSHUHOHRVRDVHDOHWRUDFHOXLLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
&RORDQDYHUWHEUDOvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
7RUDFHOHvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
)RUPDLXQLOHFUDQLXOXLSDOSDELOHSHYLXUHSHUHRVRDVHDOHFDSXOXLLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
Craniul n imagine radiolRJLF
3DUWLFXODULWLLQGLYLGXDOHGHIRUPLGLPHQVLXQLDOHFUDQLXOXLFDUHSRWILGHSLVWDWHSHYLX
5HSHUHRVRDVHDOHJkWXOXLLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
)RUPDLXQLOHRVRDVHDOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUSDOSDELOHSHYLXUHSHUHRVRDVHDOHPHPEUXOXL
superior), imSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
2DVHOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
5HJLXQLOHGHSDOSDUHSHYLXDOHXQRUIRUPDLXQLDOHVFKHOHWXOXLPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUUHSHUH
RVRDVHDOHPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRULPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
5HSHUHRVRDVHDOHSHOYLVXOXLLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
1RLXQLJHQHUDOHGHSHOYLPHWULHLQWHUQLH[WHUQ
6FKHOHWXOPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
([SORUDUHDSHYLXDDUWLFXODLLORU1RLXQLJHQHUDOHGHVSUHSXQFLLDUWLFXODUHDUWURVFRSLH
JRLQLRPHWULHLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
ArticulDLLOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLLOHFRDVWHORUvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLDXPUXOXLvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLDFRWXOXLLDUWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXLvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLDUDGLRFDUSLDQLDUWLFXODLLOHPkLQLLvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLLOHSHOYLVXOXLvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLDFR[RIHPXUDOvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLDJHQXQFKLXOXLvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLDWDORFUXUDOvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
$UWLFXODLLOHSLFLRUXOXLvQLPDJLQHUDGLRORJLF
Repere musculare ale membrului superior.
Repere musculare ale membrului inferior.
Repere musculare ale toracelui.
/LQLLOHFRQYHQLRQDOHGHRULHQWDUHSHSHUHLLWRUDFHOXLLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
5HSHUHPXVFXODUHLRVRDVHDOHSHUHWHOXLDQWHURODWHUDODODEGRPHQXOXL
3URLHFLDLH[SORUDUHDSHYLXD]RQHORUVODEHGLQSHUHWHOHDEGRPLQDOLPSRUWDQDSOLFDWLY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
9,,,)RUPXODUHDGHILQLLLORUH[SOLFDUHDXQRUQRLXQL sau termeni privind aparatul de

VXVLQHUHLPLFDUH
Anatomia omului.
$QDWRPLHVLVWHPLFGHVFULSWLY
$QDWRPLHIXQFLRQDO
$QDWRPLHWRSRJUDILFUHJLRQDO
$QDWRPLHDUWLVWLFSODVWLF
$QDWRPLHFRPSDUDWFRPSDUDWLY
$QDWRPLHPDFURVFRSLF
AnatomLHPLFURVFRSLF
$QDWRPLHPDFURPLFURVFRSLF
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
186
188
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
$QDWRPLHFOLQLF
Anatomie pe viu.
$QDWRPLHDGH]YROWULL
Anatomie a vrstelor (ilikianatomie).
1RPHQFODWXUDQDWRPLF
3R]LLHDQDWRPLFSULQFLSDO
)LORJHQH]
2QWRJHQH]
Sclerotom.
Miotom.
Anomalie de dezvoOWDUHPDOIRUPDLH
Osteon.
Osteologie.
2VWHRJHQH]
Centri de osificare.
Oase primare.
Oase secundare.
Periost, endost.
Pericondru.
Antropometrie.
Craniometrie.
Puncte craniometrice.
Indice cranian longitudinal.
Indice cranian vertical.
Indice facial.
Pelvimetrie.
$[FRQGXFWRDUHDED]LQXOXL
Artrologie.
Sindesmologie.
Sinfibroze.
Sincondroze.
Sinostoze.
Sinsarcoze.
Amfiartroze.
$UWLFXODLLVLPSOH
$UWLFXODLLFRPSXVH
$UWLFXODLLFRPSOH[H
$UWLFXODLLFRPELQDWH
Complex solidar al minii.
Complex solidar al piciorului.
Miologie.
0XFKLDQWDJRQLWL
0XFKLVLQHUJLWL
6HFLXQHWUDQVYHUVDODQDWRPLFLIL]LRORJLFDPXFKLORU
Schelet moale.
Nod fascial.
&HQWUXGHJUDYLWDLHDFRUSXOXLXPDQ
1.
,;(QXPHUDUHGHIRUPDLXQLDOHDSDUDWXOXLGHVXVLQHUHLPLFDUe.
3RULXQLOHXQXLRVWXEXODUOXQJ
189
187
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
188
3RULXQLOHXQXLRVPHWDFDUSLDQPHWDWDUVLDQ
Segmentele coloanei vertebrale.
3ULOHFRPSRQHQWHDOHXQHLYHUWHEUH
3ULOHFRPSRQHQWHDOHVWHUQXOXL
3ULOHXQHLFRDVWH
Oasele craniului cerebral.
Oasele craniului facial.
3RULXQLOHRVXOXLIURQWDO
3RULXQLOHRVXOXLRFFLSLWDO
3RULXQLOHRVXOXLVIHQRLG
3RULXQLOHRVXOXLWHPSRUDO
3RULXQLOHPD[LOHL
2DVHOHFDUHFRQVWLWXLHSHUHLLRUELWHL
2DVHOHFDUHFRQVWLWXLHSHUHLLFDYLWLLQD]DOH
)HHOHFRUSXOXLPD[LOHL
Apofizele maxilei.
)HHOHVWkQFLLWHPSRUDOXOXL
2ULILFLLOHLFDQDOHOHGLQIRVDFUDQLDQDQWHULRDU
2ULILFLLOHLFDQDOHOHGLQIRVDFUDQLDQPHGLH
2ULILFLLOHLFDQDOHOHGLQIRVDFUDQLDQSRVWHULRDU
&RPXQLFULOHRUELWHL
&RPXQLFULOHFDYLWLLQD]DOH
ComuniFULOHIRVHLSWHULJRSDODWLQH
2DVHOHFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLDOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRUOLEHU
2DVHOHFHQWXULLSHOYLHQHLDOHPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUOLEHU
7LSXULOHGHOHJWXULGLQFDGUXOFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
Tipuri de diartroze uniaxiale.
Tipuri de diartroze pluriaxiale.
Diartrozele complexe.
Diartrozele combinate.
Diartrozele sferoidale.
Diartrozele elipsoidale.
Diartrozele cilindrice.
Diartrozele trohleare.
$UWLFXODLLOHFXOLJDPHQWHLQWUDDUWLFXODUH
9DULDQWHOHGHIRUPDPXFKLORU
(OHPHQWHOHDX[LOLDUHDOHPXFKilor.
0XFKLLFDUHIOH[HD]FRORDQDYHUWHEUDO
0XFKLLFDUHUHGUHVHD]FRORDQDYHUWHEUDO
0XFKLLSDUWLFLSDQLODLQVSLUDLH
0XFKLLSDUWLFLSDQLODLQVSLUDLDIRUDW
0XFKLLSDUWLFLSDQLODH[VSLUDLDIRUDW
0XFKLLFDUHIRUPHD]SUHVDDEGRPLnala.
Regiunile slabe din peretele anterior al abdomenului.
0XFKLLFXRULJLQHVDXLQVHULHSHVFDSXO
0XFKLLIOH[RULDLDQWHEUDXOXL
0XFKLLH[WHQVRULDLDQWHEUDXOXL
7HQGRDQHOHGHSHIDDYHQWUDODFDUSXOXL
Tecile sinoviale din regiunea carpului.
FRUPDLXQLOHWRSRJUDILFHDOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
190
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
0XFKLLIOH[RULDLFRDSVHL
0XFKLLH[WHQVRULDLFRDSVHL
0XFKLLIRUWLILFDWRULDLEROLORUSLFLRUXOXL
)RUPDLXQLOHWRSRJUDILFHGLQUHJLXQHDFRDSVHL
)RUPDLXQLOHWRSRJUDILFHGHSHJDPELSLFLRU
Tecile siQRYLDOHGHSHJDPELSLFLRU
0XFKLLOHJDLGHRVXOKLRLG
0XFKLLFDUHPLFPDQGLEXOD
Fasciile trunchiului.
Fasciile membrului superior.
Fasciile membrului inferior.
Fasciile capului.
Fasciile gtului.
6SDLLOHLQWHUIDVFLDOHGLQUHJLXQHDFDSXOXL
SpDLLOHLQWHUIDVFLDOHGLQUHJLXQHDJkWXOXL
Triunghiurile gtului.
6SDLLOHLQWHUPXVFXODUHGLQUHJLXQHDJkWXOXL
5HSUH]HQWDUHJUDILFDFODVLILFULLLVWUXFWXULLXQRUIRUPDLXQLDOHDSDUDWXOXLGHVXVLQHUH
LPLFDUH
Clasificarea oaselor.
Schema osteonului.
3RULXQLOHRDVHORUWXEXODUHOXQJL
Elementele principale ale unei diartroze.
Elementele auxiliare ale diartrozelor.
&ODVLILFDUHDOHJWXULORUGLQWUHRDVH
Clasificarea sinartrozelor.
Clasificarea diartrozelor.
&ODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORU
7HDFDPXFKLXOXLUHct al abdomenului.
Triunghiurile gtului.
Fasciile gtului.
2ULILFLLOHWULODWHULSDWUXODWHU
6WUXFWXUDWHFLORURVWHRILEURDVHLVLQRYLDOHvQVHFLXQHWUDQVYHUVDO
7HFLOHVLQRYLDOHDOHPkLQLLIDDSDOPDU
7HFLOHVLQRYLDOHDOHPkLQLLIDDGRUVDO
LaFXQHOHPXVFXODULYDVFXODU
191
189
TESTE PENTRU INSTRUIRE ,$872&21752/ LA OSTEOLOGIE
Anexa II
*HQHUDOLWL6FKHOHWXOWUXQFKLXOXL
,6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWH$UJXPHQWDLDOHJHUHDSHFDUHD-LSUHIHUDW-o.
190
/DVLVWHPXORVRVVHUHIHUQRiunile:
A. Miotom.
B. Osteon.
C. Periost.
'0GXYURLH
E. Ectoderm.
)XQFLLOHELRORJLFHDOHRVXOXLFDRUJDQ
$'HFUHWHUH
%+HPDWRSRHWLF
&'HORFRPRLH
D. Regenerare
('HSURWHFLH
Poriunile unui os tubular lung la adult :
A. Metafiza
B. Apofiza
C. Diafiza
D. Corticala
E. Epifiza
Deosebim urmtoarele tipuri de centre de osificare:
A. Tuberculare
B. Secundare
C. Epicondilare
D. Primare
E. Auxiliare
esutul osos spongios este prezent n:
A. Oasele craniului
B. Oasele tarsiene
C. Stern
D. Diafizele oaselor tubulare
E. Epifizele oaselor tubulare
,QVWUXFWXUDRVXOXLODPDWXULSRWILHYLGHQWLDLRVWHRQL
A.n dezvoltare
%)UDJPHQWDL
&0DWXUL]DL
''HIRUPDL
E.n stare de resorbie
)RUPDLXQLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHRVXOXLVXQW
A. Stratul cambial
B. Stratul de osteoni
C. Pericondrul
D.Endostul
E.Periostul
192
10
11
12
13
14
15
In periost la copil deosebim urmtoarele straturi:

A. Cambial
B. Endostal
C. Adventiceal
D. Endocondral
E. Fibroelastic
2VWHRQXOUHSUH]LQW
A. Lamele osoase n jurul diafizei
B. Lamele osoase n jurul canalului nutritiv
C. Lamele osoase n jurul canalului medular osos
D. Lamele osoase n jurul canalului Havers
E. Lamele osoase n jurul metafizei
Dispoziia trabeculelor osoase corespunde cu:
A. Axa osului
%'LUHFLa fibrelor musculare
&'LUHFLDliniilor de presiune
D. A[HOHGHPLFDUHvQDUWLFXODLL
('LUHFLDliniilor GHWUDFLXQH
'LVWLQJHPWLSXULOHGHRVWHRJHQH]
$(QFRQGUDO
%3HULFRQGUDO
&3HULRVWDO
'0HGXODU
E. DesPDO
&UHWHUHDRVXOui n grosime are loc pe contul:
A. Cartilajului hialin
B. Cartilajului fibros
C. Periostului
D. Metafizei
E. Fasciei
QFRPSRQHQDVFKHOHWXOui D[LDOLQWU
A. Craniul.
B. Oasele centurii scapulare.
C. Oasele toracelui.
D. Pelvisul.
E. Coloana vertebral
Oasele tubulare lungi:
$6XQWFRQVWLWXLWHGLQFRUSLHSLIL]H
%3DUWLFLSODIRUPDUHDFDYLWLORUFRUSXOXL
&&RQLQFDYLWLWDSHWDWHFXPXFRDV.
'$XIHHDUWLFXODUHWDSHWDWHFXFDUWLODM
()XQFLRQDOUHSUH]LQWSkUJKLL
Oase primare sunt:
A. Vertebrele.
B. Parietalul.
C. Mandibula.
D. Frontalul.
E. Sternul.
193
191
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
192
Diploe UHSUH]LQW
$6XEVWDQDVSRQJLRDVDHSLIL]HORU
%6XEVWDQDVSRQJLRDVDRDVHORUFDUSLHQH
&6XEVWDQDVSRQJLRDVDRDVHORUFUDQLXOXL
'6XEVWDQDVSRQJLRDVDVWHUQXOXL
E. SuEVWDQDVSRQJLRDVDYHUWHEUHORU
Elemente principale ale unei vertebre sunt:
A. Arcul.
%$SRIL]DVWLORLG
C. Corpul.
D. Orificiul intervertebral.
E. Pedunculii.
Vertebrele cervicale tipice se disting prin:
A. Corpul oval.
B. Orificiul vertebral rotund.
&3UH]HQDRULILFLLORUWUDQVYHUVDOH
D. Apofizele costotransversale.
E. Apofizele spinoase lungi.
/DFDUHGLQYHUWHEUHOHFHUYLFDOHOLSVHWHDSRIL]DVSLQRDV"
A. C 3
B. C 2
C. C 6
D. C 1
E. C 7
Apofizele spinoase sunt bifurcate la vertebrele:
A.C 1
B. C 2
C. C 3
D. C 5
E. C 7
Atlasului i se descriu:
A. Masele laterale.
%$UFXULOHDQWHULRULSRVWHULRU
&DQXULOHDUWHUHLYHUWHEUDOH
')HHOHDUWLFXODUHVXSHULRDUHLLQIHULRDUH
($SRIL]DVSLQRDV
Epistrofeului i se disting:
$$SRIL]DRGRQWRLG
%DQXULOHDUWHUHLYHUWHEUDOH
&)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDQWHULRDULSRVWHULRDU
D. ASRIL]DVSLQRDVELIXUFDW
E. Tuberculul anterior.
3HFRUSXOFUHLYHUWHEUHWRUDFice VHDIOQXPDLRMXPWDWHGHIRVHWDUWLFXODU"
A. Th 1
B. Th 12
C. T 11
D. Th 10
E. Th 8
194
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Fosetele costale lipsesc pe apofizele transversale ale vertebrelor:

A. Th 1
B. Th 5
C. Th 11
D. Th 10
E. Th 12
)RUPDLXQLFDUDFWHULVWLFHQXPDLSHQWUXYHUWHEUHOHWRUDFLFH
A. Apofizele spinoase
B. Apofizele articulare
C. Fosele costale pe corp
D. Orificii pe apofizele transversale
E. Fosete pe apofizele transversale
Orificiile intervertebrale sunt delimitate de:
A. Apofizele articulare
B. Pediculii vertebrali
C. Apofizele transversale
D. ncizura vHUWHEUDOVXSHULRDU
E. Arcul vertebrei
3HFRUSXOFURUYHUWebre deosebim fosete articulare:
A. C 3
B. Th 7
C. L 3
D. C 7
E. L 5
Promontoriul este format de FWUH
A.Ultima vertebr cervical i Th1
B.Ultima vertebr toracici L1
C.Ultima verteEUORPEDUi S1
'8OWLPDYHUWHEUVDFUDO i C1
E.Vertebrele Th6 si Th7
&DUHGLQYHUWHEUHDUHRGHQXPLUHVSHFLDO"
A. Th 5
B. C 1
C. L 4
D. C 7
E. C 2
La formarea canalului vertebral iau parte:
A. Apofizele articulare
B. Apofizele transversale
C. Arcul vertebral
D. Corpul vertebral
E. Pedunculii vertebrali
$QRPDOLLOHUHJLXQLORUGHIURQWLHUDVHJPHQWHORUFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
A. Sacralizarea
B. Blocarea vertebrelor
C. Asomia
D. Platispondilia
E Lombalizarea
195
193
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
194
Curburile coloanei vertebrale situate n plan sagital sunt:

$/RUGR]DFHUYLFDO
%6FROLR]DWRUDFDO
&&LIR]DWRUDFDO
'/RUGR]DORPEDU
(6FROLR]DFHUYLFDO
Care este rolul funFional al curburilor coloanei vertebrale?
A.De amortizare
B.De consolidare a vertebrelor
C.De sprijin
D.De fixare a membrelor
('HSURWHFLH
Care din curburile coloanei vertebrale apare la vrsta de 2-3 luni a dezvoltrii
postnatale?
$/RUGR]DFHUYLFDO
%6FROLR]DWRUDFDO
&/RUGR]DORPEDU
'&LIR]DVDFUDO
(&LIR]DWRUDFDO
Coastele adevarate:
A.Coasta a 7-a
B.Coasta a 8-a
C.Coasta a 5-a
D.Coasta a 6-a
E.Coasta a 9-a
Coastele false:
A.Coasta a X-a
B.Coasta a 6-a
C.Coasta a 8-a
D.Coasta a 11-a
E.Coasta a 9-a
3HFDSXOFURUFRDVWHOLSVHWHFUHDVWD"
A. Coastei VII
B. Coastei X
C. Coastei I
D. Coastei XI
E. Coastei XII
Coasta I:
$(VWHDWLSLF
%(FHDPDLVFXUWPDLODWLPDLFXUEDW
&(DSODWL]DWvQVHQVVXSHURLQIHULRU
'3HIDDLQIHULRDUDUHXQWXEHUFXOLDQXUL
E. Extremitatea ei anterioDUHPDLODWLPDLJURDVGHFWFHDSRVWHULRDU
FDDDUWLFXODUSHQWUXDSRIL]DWUDQVYHUVDOOLSVHWHOD
A. Coasta I
B. Coasta XI
C. Coasta X
D. Coasta XII
E. Coasta II
196
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Nu pot fi palpate pe viu coastele:

A. 11-a
B. 9-a
C. 2-a
D. 1-a
E. 12-a
Manubriul sternal:
A. Se DIOODQLYHOXOYHUWHEUHORUWRUDFLFH,,L,,,
B. Pe marginHDOXLVXSHULRDUVHDIORID DUWLFXODU
C. QXQJKLXULOHVXSHURODWHUDOHDOHVDOHVHORFDOL]HD]LQFL]XULFODYLFXODUH
D. 3HPDUJLQLOHOXLODWHUDOHVHDIOFWHIHHDUWLFXODUHFRVWDOH
E. Marginea LQIHULRDUVHXQHWHFXFRUSXOVWHUQDOIRUPnd unghiul sternal Louis.
Corpul sternal:
A. (VWHSRULXQHDFHDPDLOXQJDVWHUQXOXL
B. 6HORFDOL]HD]ODQLYHOXOYHUWHEUHORU7K- Th8, Th9.
C. Este format prin fuziunea celor 4 sternebre
D. Pe marginea lui lateralVHDIOIHHOHDUWLFXODUHSHQWUXFRDVWHOH,,VII.
E. )RUPHD]FXDSRIL]D[LIRLGXQJKLXOVXEFRVWDO
2DVHOHFHGHOLPLWHD]DSHUWXUDWRUDFLF superLRDUVXQW
A. Clavicula
B. Coasta I
C. Corpul sternului
D. Manubriul sternului
(,YHUWHEUWRUDFLF
)RUPDLXQLOHFHGHOLPLWHD]DSHUWXUDWRUDFLF LQIHULRDU sunt:
A. Coasta VI
B. Apendicele xifoid al sternului
C. Arcul costal
'&RDVWHOH9,,,L;
E. Corpul vertebrei ThX
Forma si dimensiunile toracelui depind de:
A. Forma sternului
B. VUVW
C. $UWLFXODLLOHFRVWRYHUWHEUDOH
D. Sex
E. Tipul FRQVWLWXLRQDO
La care indivizi toracele este plat?
A.La sportivi
B. La brahimorfi
C.La persoanele senile
D. La mezomorfi
E. La dolicomorfi
197
195
,,$VRFLDLQRLXQLOHGLQFRORDQDQXPHULFFXFHOHGLQFRORDQDDOIDEHWLF
QRWDLLDUJXPHQWDLUVSXQVXULOHFRUHFWH
47.Oase tubulare
A. $XUROGHSURWHFLH
48.Oase spongioase
B. Sunt unele din oasele craniului.
49.Oase plate
C. 6XQWRDVHOHFDUSLHQHLWDUVLHQH
50.Oase mixte
D. 3DUWLFLSODIRUPDUHDFDYLWLORUFRUSXOXL
51.Oase aerofore
E. &RQVWDXGLQSULFHGLIHUGXSIRUPLVWUXFWXU
F. 5HDOL]HD]IXQFLLGHSkUJKLL
52. Oasele tubulare lungi
$6XQWPLFLSODWHLLQFRQVWDQWH
53.Oasele plate
B. SuntGHUHJXOOHQWLIRUPHORFDOL]DWHvQYHFLQWDWHD
54.Oasele suturare
DUWLFXODLLORUVDXvQWHQGRDQHOHXQRUPXFKL
55. Oasele spongioase scurte C. Au cele 3 dimensiuni aproape egale, forma lor se
56.Oasele sesamoide
DSURSLHGHFHDFXELF
'QGHSOLQHVFUROXOGHSkUJKLLGHYLWH]
(6XQWWXUWLWHFXIHHLQXPUYDULDELOGHPDUJLQLL
unghiuri.
)HHOHDUWLFXODUH
$6XQWGHWHUPLQDWHGHWUDFLXQHDH[HUFLWDWGHPXFKL
3URHPLQHQHOHRVRDVH
%6HUYHVFSHQWUXLQVHULLWHQGLQRDVHVDXOLJDPHQWH
)RVHOHLDQXULOH
SHQWUXWUHFHUHDWHQGRDQHORUYDVHORULQHUYLORU
2ULILFLLOHLFDQDOHOH
C. Servesc pentru trecerea vaselor sangvine.
'6XQWPRGHODWHvQUDSRUWFXVXSUDIDDDUWLFXODUFX
FDUHFRQWDFWHD]
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
Vertebrele toracice
Vertebrele cervicale
Vertebrele lombare
Vertebrele sacrale
Vertebrele coccigiene
Vertebrele cervicale
Vertebrele toracice
Vertebrele lombare
Vertebrele sacrale
Vertebrele coccigiene
71. Atlasul
72. Axisul
9HUWHEUDFHUYLFDO9,
9HUWHEUDWRUDFLF,
75. Vertebrele lombare
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
196
Coasta I
Coasta V
Coasta X
Coasta II
Coasta XII
A. Au un orificiul n apofizele transversale.

B. Sunt rudimentare.
C. Sunt concrescute, formnd un singur os.
D. Au pe corp fosete costale.
($XFRUSXOPDVLYvQIRUPGHERE
$6XQWPLFLDXIRUPURWXQMLW
B. Au proces mamilar.
&QDGROHVFHQIRUPHD]XQVLQJXURV
D. Au apofizele spinoase bifurcate.
E. Au apofizele transversale lungi, situate n plan
cvazifrontal.
$)HHOHORUDUWLFXODUHVXQWVLWXDWHvQSODQVDJLWDO
B. Are tuberculul carotid.
C. Are fose coVWDOHVXSHULRDUHLVHPLIRVHFRVWDOH
inferioare.
')HHOHOXLDUWLFXODUHVXSHULRDUHVXQWORFDOL]DWHSH
corp.
E. Nu are corp.
$$UHRVLQJXUIDHWDUWLFXODUSHFap.
B. Nu are tubercul costal.
&(VWHFHDPDLvQFOLQDWLQIHULRU
'3HFDSDUHIHHDUWLFXODUH
(&DUWLODMXOHLDUHRSR]LLHXRUGHVFHQGHQW
198
&RORDQDYHUWHEUDO
82. Sternul
&XWLDWRUDFLF
84. Sacrul
85. Coastele
A. Are apertura suSHULRDULLQIHULRDU

%$UHRED]LXQYkUI
&$XSRULXQLOHRVRDVLFDUWLODJLQRDV
'&RQVWGLQPDQXEULXFRUSDSRIL][LIRLG
(3RVHGORUGR]HLFLIR]H
,,,'HWHUPLQDLGLQFDUHJUXSGHRDVHIDFSDUWH
86. Clavicula
87. Scapula
88. Osul navicular
89. Osul temporal
90. Maxila
91. Coastele
92. Rotula
93. Osul piziform
94. Sternul
95.Oasele metacarpiene
96.Astragalul
97.Fibula
A. Oasele
B. Oasele
C. Oasele
D. Oasele
E. Oasele
F. Oasele
H. Oasele
tubulare
plate
spongioase
mixte
pneumatice
sesamoide
monoepifizare
Scheletul membrului superior

Oasele centurii scapulare:
A. Humerusul
B. Clavicula
C.Sternul
D. Omoplatul
(,FRDVW
99
&XSULYLUHODFODYLFXO
A. Este unicul os lung din organism situat orizontal.
B. 3HWRDWOXQJLPHDVDHVWHVLWXDWVXEFXWDQDW
C. Este primul os n care ncepe osificarea.
D. ([WUHPLWDWHDDFURPLDOVHRVLILFHQGHVPDO
E. (VWHXQLFXORVOXQJFDUHVHRVLILFHQGHVPDO
100
)RUPDLXQLOHXQJKLXOXLODWHUDODORPRSODWXOXL
A. Spina scapulei
B. Tuberculul subarticular
&$SRIL]DFRUDFRLG
')RVDVXSUDVSLQRDV
E. Colul scapulei
101
)RUPDLXQLOHRDVHORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHSDOSDELOHSHYLX
$([WUHPLWDWHDVWHUQDODFODYLFXOHL
B. Tuberculul supraglenoidal
&([WUHPLWDWHDDFURPLDODFODYLFXOHL
D. Acromionul
E. Corpul claviculei
98.
199
197
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
198
Scheletul membrului superior liber:

A. Epicondilul lateral al humerusului este mai proeminent dect cel medial.
B. Capul radiusului are forma unui disc.
&8OQDHVWHPDLOXQJGHFkWUDGLXVXO
'6XELQFL]XUDUDGLDODXOQHLVHORFDOL]HD]IRVDVXSLQDWRULHGHOLPLWDWSRVWHULRUGH
FUHDVWDRPRQLP
()DDDQWHULRDUDDSRIL]HLFRURQRLGHHVWHQHWHG
Humerusul:
$&ROXODQDWRPLFVHSDUFDSXOKXPHUXVXOXLGHWXEHUFXOHOHPDUHLPLF
B. Colul chirurgical se aflvQSRULXQHDPHGLHDFRUSXOXLKXPHUXVXOXL
&3UR[LPDOGHWURKOHDKXPHUXVXOXLVHDIOIRVHFRURQRLGLROHFUDQLDQ
D. Epicondilul medial se extinde de la capitul, iar cel lateral de la trohlee.
(QIUDFWXULOHGHKXPHUXVH[LVWSHULFROXOWUDXPDWL]ULLQHUYLORUUDGLDOLXOQDU
)RUPDLXQLOHHSLIL]HLSUR[LPDOHDKXPHUXVXOXL
A. Tuberculul mare
B. Creasta tuberculului mic
&DQXOQHUYXOXLUDGLDO
D. Colul anatomic
E. Capitulul condilului humeral
)RUPDLXQLOHHSLIL]HLGLVWDOHDKXPHUXVXOXL
A. Colul anatomic
%)RVDFRURQRLG
&DQXOLQWHUWXEHUFXODU
'DQXOQHUYXOXLXOQDU
(DQXOQHUYXOXLUDGLDO
Elementele humerusului ce pot fi palpate pe viu:
A. Colul anatomic
B. Epicondilul medial
&)RVDFRURQRLG
D. Epicondilul lateral
E. Colul chirurgical
&XSULYLUHODRDVHOHDQWHEUDXOXL
A. )DDODWHUDODUDGLXVXOXLHVWHFRQWLQXDWGLVWDOGHDSRIL]DVWLORLG
B. 0DUJLQHDSRVWHULRDUDUDGLXVXOXLVHHYLGHQLD]PDLELQHvQSDUWHDGLVWDODDFHVWXLD
C. ([WUHPLWDWHDSUR[LPDOD ulnei are 2 apofize LLQFL]XUL
D. 0DUJLQHDSRVWHULRDUD XOQHLHVLWXDWVXEFXWDQ
E. 2ULILFLXOQXWULWLYDOXOQHLVHDIOSHSDUWHDSUR[LPDODIHHLHLDQWHULRDUH
(OHPHQWHOHRDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXLFHSRWILSDOSDWHSHYLX
$$SRIL]DFRURQRLGDXOQHL
B. Olecranonul
C. ApRIL]DVWLORLGDXOQHL
'$SRIL]DVWLORLGDUDGLXVXOXL
(0DUJLQHDLQWHURVRDVDUDGLXVXOXL
Oasele minii:
A. Osul scafoid este cel mai mare os din rndul proximal al carpului.
%2VXOSL]LIRUPVHDIOvQPDVDWHQGRQXOXLPXFKLXOXLIOH[RUUDGLDODOcarpului.
C. Primul os metacarpian este cel mai scurt din toate oasele metacarpiene.
')LHFUHLIDODQJHLVHGLVWLQJSRULXQLED]DFRUSXOLFDSXO
()DODQJHOHSROLFHOXLVXQWPDLJURDVHLPDLOXQJLGHFkWFHOHDOHDOWRUGHJHWH
200
110
Oasele carpiene:
A. Cele din rndul proximal (n sens latero- PHGLDOVHVLWXHD]vQRUGLQHDVFDIRLGXO
lunatul , piramidalul, piziformul.
B. 7RDWHRDVHOHFDUSLHQHDXFkWHIHHDUWLFXODUH
C. 5kQGXOSUR[LPDOIRUPHD]RVWUXFWXUFRQYH[SUR[LPDOLFRQFDYGLVWDO
D. Rndul GLVWDODUHRIDFRQYH[SUR[LPDOLXQDUHFWLOLQLHGLVWDO
(3HRDVHOHFDUSLHQHH[LVWSXQFWHSURHPLQHQWHGHLQVHULHLGHRULJLQHSHVFDIRLGSH
RVXOSL]LIRUPSHWUDSH]LSHRVXOFXFkUOLJ
111
La oasele metacarpiene distingem:

A. Epicondilii
B. Baza
C. Corpul
D. Colul
E. Capul
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
$DQXOLQWHUtubercular.
%$SRIL]DVWLORLG
&$SRIL]DFRUDFRLG
D. Tuberculul conoid.
E. Capul, colul.
$/LQLDWUDSH]RLG
%,QFL]XUDWURKOHDU
C. Acromionul.
'DQXOQHUYXOXLXlnar.
(,QFL]XUDXOQDU
Scapula
Clavicula
Humerusul
Radiusul
Ulna
Scapula
Clavicula
Humerusul
Radiusul
Ulna
Scheletul membrului inferior

122
Osul coxal:
A. ,OLRQXOVHDIOVXSHULRUSXELVXODQWHURLQIHULRULVFKLRQXO- posteroinferior.
B. Tuberculul SXELDQLVSLQDLOLDFDQWHULRDUVXSHULRDUVHDIOvQSODQIURQWDO
C. Orificiul obturator este delimitat anterosuperior de osul pubian, posteroinferior - de
ischion.
D. 'LQWUHFHOHOLQLLJOXWHDOHFHDSRVWHULRDUHVWHFHDPDLOXQJ
E. Punctul cel mai superior GHSHFUHDVWDLOLRQXOXLVHDIOODQLYHOXOGLVFXOXLLQWHUYHUWHEUDO
GLQWUHYHUWHEUHOHORPEDUHL
123
&R[DOXOHVWHDOFWXLWGLQ
A. Pubis
B. Orificiul obturator
C. Ilion
D. Creasta ilionului
E. Ischion
201
199
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
200
)RUPDLXQLOHFR[DOXOXLSDOSDELOHSHYLXVunt:
$&UHDVWDLOLDF
B. Acetabulul
C. Spinul iliac superior anterior
D. Tuberul ischionului
E. Spinul ischionului
Bazinul n ansamblu:
$$SHUWXUDVXSHULRDUDED]LQXOXLPLFHVWHvQFOLQDWDQWHURLQIHULRU
%8QJKLXOvQFOLQULLIDGHSODQXORUL]RQWDOODIHPHLHHVWHPDLPLFGHFkWODEUEDW
&QSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVSLQHOHLOLDFHDQWHULRDUHLWXEHUHOHsciatice se DIO n DFHODLSODQIURQWDO
'$SHUWXUDSHOYLDQLQIHULRDUODIHPHLHHVWHPDLODUJFDODEUEDW
(&RQMXJDWDDGHYUDWUHSUH]LQWGLVWDQDGLQWUHSURPRQWRULXLSXQFWXOFHOPDLSURHPLQHQW
n sens posterior al simfizei pubiene.
Scheletul membrului inferior liber:
$7URKDQWHUXOPLFHVWHORFDOL]DWvQXQJKLXOIRUPDWGHFROXOLFRUSXOIHPXUXOXL
B. Corpul femurului este incurbat n sens anterior.
&)HPXUXOSRDWHILSDOSDWQXPDLvQSRULXQHDVDGLVWDO
D. Apexul patelar este ndreptat superior.
(5RWXODDUHIXQFLHGHVXSRUW
)RUPDLXQLOHHSLIL]HLGLVWDOHDIHPXUXOXL
A.Colul femurului
%)DDSRSOLWHH
C. Tuberozitatea glutee
D. Condilul medial
E. Epicondilul lateral
)RUPDLXQLOHIHPXUXOXLFHSRWILSDOSDWHSHYLX
A. Capul femurului
B. Epicondilul medial
C. Trohanterul mic
D. Trohanterul mare
E. Epicondilul lateral
)RUPDLXQLOHHSLIL]HLSUR[LPDOHDWLELHL
A. EPLQHQDLQWHUFRQGLODU
%)DDDUWLFXODUILEXODU
C. Tuberculul intercondilar medial
'0DOHRODPHGLDO
E. Tuberculul intercondilar lateral
)RUPDLXQLOHHSLIL]HLGLVWDOHD tibiei:
$/LQLDPXFKLXOXLVROHDU
%DQul maleolar
&0DOHRODPHGLDO
D. MDOHRODODWHUDO
E. IncizXUDILEXODU
)RUPDLXQLOHRDVHORUJDPEHLFHSRWILSDOSDWHSHYLX
$(PLQHQDLQWHUFRQGLODU
%0DOHRODODWHUDO
&0DOHRODPHGLDO
D. Tuberozitatea tibiei
E. Capul fibulei
202
132
Scheletul piciorului este subdivizat n:

A. Oasele carpului
B. Oasele tarsului
C. Oasele metacarpului
D. Oasele metatarsului
E. Oasele degetelor piciorului
133
Oasele rndului distal al tarsului:

A. Astragalul
B. Cuboidul
C. Cuneiformul medial
D. Navicularul
E. Cuneiformul lateral
134
Oasele ce constituie complexul solidar al piciorului:

A. Calcaneul
B. Navicularul
C. Astragalul
D. Oasele cuneiforme
E. Osul cuboid
%ROLOHSLFLRUXOXL
A. ([LVWODRPLXQHOHYHUWHEUDWHVXSHULRDUH
B. &RQYH[LWDWHDEROLLWUDQVYHUVDOHODPDUJLQHDPHGLDODSODQWHLHVWHPDLSURQXQDW
C. Degetele nu au rol de sprijin.
D. %ROLOHSLFLRUXOXLVXQWVXVLQXWHGHIRUPDRDVHORUOLJDPHQWHPXFKLDSRQHuroze.
E. &HOPDLOXQJLPDLvQDOWDUFORQJLWXGLQDOHVWHDOWUHLOHD
Structurile de amortizare ale membrului inferior :
A. Meniscurile
B. Lichidul sinovial
C. Oasele gambei
D. Rotula
E. Bolta piciorului
Care din oasele membrului inferior sunt sesamoide?
A. Astragalul
B. Rotula
C. Cuboidul
D. Cuneiformul medial
E. Navicularul
135
136
137
Craniul
138
Oase ale craniului cerebral sunt:

A. Sfenoidul
B. Occipitalul
C. Vomerul
D. Palatinul
E. Etmoidul
203
201
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
202
Baza craniului se mparte n:

$%D]DDQWHULRDU
%%D]DSRVWHULRDU
&%D]DH[WHUQ
'%D]DODWHUDO
(%D]DLQWHUQ
Oase ale craniului facial sunt:
A. Mandibula
B. Etmoidul
C. Osul zigomatic
D. Frontalul
E. Osul nazal
Oase impare ale craniului sunt:
A. Maxila
B. Mandibula
C. Sfenoidul
D. Vomerul
E. Palatinul
Din oasele pneumatice fac parte:
A. Coxalul
B. Frontalul
C. Humerusul
D. Sfenoidul
E. Maxila
2ULILFLLOHED]HLH[WHUQHDFUDQLXOXLFHVHIRUPHD] la uQLUHDDGRXVDXPDLPXOWHRDVH
A. Stiloid
B. Lacerat
C. Mastoidian
D. Orificiul extern al canalului carotid
E. Jugular
%ROWDFUDQLXOXLHVWHIRUPDWGH
A. Solzul osului frontal
%3DUWHDED]LODUDRFFLSLWDOXOXL
C. Solzul temporalului
D. Oasele parietale
E. Corpul sfenoidului
Elementele structurale ale osului frontal:
A. $SRIL]D]LJRPDWLF
B. ,QFL]XUDVXSUDRUELWDU
C. /LQLDWHPSRUDO
D. Creasta de coFR
E. Arcurile superciliare.
PorLXQLOHRVXOXLRFFLSLWDO
$3DUWHDED]LODU
B. Partea temporDO
&3DUWHDODWHUDO
D. Partea sfenoidal
E. Solzul occipital
204
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
Osul occipital ia parte la formarea orificiilor:

A. Rotund
B. Occipital mare
C. Jugular
D. Oval
E. Lacerat
,QGLFDLXQGHVHGHVFKLGHVLQXVXOIURQWDO"
A. QRUELW
B. n meatul nazal mediu.
C. n meatul nazal inferior.
D. n meatul nazal superior.
E. QIRVDWHPSRUDO
3RULXQLOHRVXOXLVIHQRLG
A. Baza.
B. Corpul.
C. Aripa mare.
D. $ULSDPLF
E. Apofizele pterigoide.
Canalele osului sfenoid:
A. Musculo-tubar
B. Optic
C. Carotid
D. Pterigoid
E. Infraorbitar
)HHOHDULSLORUPDULDRVXOXLVIHQRLG
A. CHUHEUDO
B. THPSRUDO
C. ZLJRPDWLF
D. Orbitar
E. IQIUDWHPSRUDO
La formarea cror orificii ia parte osul sfenoid:
A. Jugular
B. Occipital
C. Lacerat
D. Infraorbitar
E. Mastoidian
StrXFWXULOHFHQXVHUHIHUODFRUSXOVIHQRLGXOXL
A. )RVDKLSRIL]DU
B. Sinusul sfenoid.
C. DQXOSWHULJRSDODWLQ
D. Apofizele clinoide anterioare.
E. DQXOFDURWLG
$SRIL]DSWHULJRLGQXFRQLQH
A. DQXOSWHULJRSDODWLQ
B. )RVDSWHULJRLG
C. Rostrul sfenoidal.
D. Inci]XUDSWHULJRLG
E. Crligul pterigoid.
205
203
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
204
3ULOHRsului etmoid:
$/DPDODWHUDO
B. Labirintul etmoid
&/DPDPHGLDO
'/DPDFULEURDV
(/DPDSHUSHQGLFXODU
3RULXQLOHRVXOXLWHPSRUDO
A. Piramida
B. Corpul
&3DUWHDPDVWRLGLDQ
D. Partea scuaPRDV
(3DUWHDWLPSDQLF
7RDWHDILUPDLLOHUHIHULWRDUHODSLUDPLGDWHPSRUDOXOXLVXQWFRUHFWHFXH[FHSLD
A. 3HPXFKLDVXSHULRDUWUHFHDQXOVLQXVXOXLSLHWURVVXSHULRU
B. 3HIDDSRVWHULRDUVHDIOIRVDMXJXODU
C. ,PSUHVLXQHDWULJHPLQDOVHDIOvQDSropierea vrfului pramidei.
D. QIRVDMXJXODUVHDIORULILFLXOH[WHUQDOFDQDOXOXLFDURWLG
E. /DWHUDOGHIRVDMXJXODUSURHPLQDSRIL]DVWLORLG
QSLUDPLGDWHPSRUDOXOXLVHDIOFDQDOHOHFXH[FHSLD
A. Canalului carotid.
B. Canalului nervului facial;
C. Canaliculului timpanic;
D. Canalului nervului hipoglos;
E. Canalului nervului pietros mare.
7RDWHDILUPDLLOHSULYLQGRVXOWHPSRUDOVXQWFRUHFWHFXH[FHSLD
A. 3HIXQGXOPHDWXOXLDFXVWLFLQWHUQH[LVWRULILFLLSHQWUXQHUYXOIDFLDOQHUYXO
vestibulocohlear, vasele sangvine.
B. 3HIDDSRVWHULRDUDSLUDPLGHLVHDIODSHUWXUDH[WHUQDFDQDOLFXOXOXLFRKOHDU
C. 0HGLDOGHLQFL]XUDPDVWRLGLDQVHDIODQXODUWHUHLRFFLSLWDOH
D. 3HWHUDPDVWRLGLDQFRPXQLFFXFDYLWDWHDWLPSDQLF
E. )LVXUDWLPSDQRVFYDPRDVVHvPSDUWHvQILVXULSHWURVFYDPRDVLSHWURWLPSDQLF
Cu privire la craniul facial:
A. Osul hioid este situat la nivelul vertebrei cervicale III.
B. 3HYkUIXOFRDUQHORURVXOXLKLRLGVHDIOWXEHUFXOL
C. 3RULXQHDSRVWHULRDUDSHUHWHOXLQD]DOVXSHULRU e IRUPDWGHODPHODFULEURDVDRVXOXL
etmoid.
D. /DIRUPDUHDPDUJLQLORUVHSWXOXLQD]DOFRQWULEXLHVSLQDQD]DODIURQWDOXOXLURVWUXO
VIHQRLGDOFUHVWHOHQD]DOHDOHRDVHORUQD]DOHSDODWLQHLPD[LODUH
E. 3RULXQHDVXSHULRDUDVHSWXOXLQD]DOHVWHGDWGHYRPHU
&XSULYLUHODFDYLWLOHFUDQLXOXLIDFLDO:
A. 3HUHLLPHGLDOLDLRUELWHORUVXQWSDUDOHOLLDUFHLODWHUDOLVHDIOVXEXQXQJKL drept unul
IDGHDOWXO
B. &DQDOXORSWLFVHDIOODQLYHOXOXQirii peretelui superior al orbitei cu cel medial.
C. 6LQXVXOIURQWDOvQXQHOHFD]XULVHH[WLQGHvQSDUWHDDQWHURPHGLDODSHUHWHOXLVXSHULRUDO
orbitei.
D. 3HUHWHOHRUELWDULQIHULRUVHSDURUELWDGHVLQXVXOPD[LODU
E. Peretele orbitar PHGLDOHVWHFHOPDLJURVLPDLUH]LVWHQWGLQWUH WRL SHUHLLRrbitari.
206
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
Cu privire la corpul maxilei:

A. $UHIHH
B. )DDLQIUDWHPSRUDOSDUWLFLSODIRUPDUHDIRVHORULQIUDWHPSRUDOLSWHULJRSDODWLQ
C. 3HIDDQD]DOHVLWXDWDQXOSDODWLQPDUH
D. $QWHULRUGHKLDWXOPD[LODUWUHFHDQXOODFULPDO
E. 3DUWLFLSla formareDRUELWHLFDYLWLLQD]DOHLFDYLWLLEXFDOH
&XSULYLUHODPDQGLEXO
A. 0DUJLQHDDQWHULRDUDUDPXUHLPDQGLEXODUHHVWHPDLVXELUHGHFkWPDUJLQHDSRVWHULRDU
B. )RVDVXEPDQGLEXODUHVWHVLWXDWVXEOLQLDPLORKLRLGLDQ, iar fosa VXEOLQJYDO - deasupra ei.
C. (VWHFHOPDLPDVLYLPDLWUDLQLFRVDO craniului facial.
D. 3HIDDLQWHUQDUDPXUHLPDQGLEXOHLWUHFHOLQLDREOLF
E. Mandibula este al doilea os din organismul uman, n care ncepe procesul de osificare.
&XSULYLUHODPRGLILFULOHGHYkUVWDOHPDQdibulei:
$$PEHOHMXPWLDOH PDQGLEXOHLIX]LRQHD]SHSDUFXUVXOSULPXOXLDQGHYLD
B. La nou-QVFXWRULILFLXOPHQWDOVHORFDOL]HD]vQDSURSLHUHDmarginii inferioare a mandibulei.
C. La nou-QVFXWXQJKLXOGLQWUHFRUSLUDPXUHVWHREWX]- cca 1400 i mai mult.
'/DEWUkQvQOLPHDFRUSXOXLPDQGLEXOHLFUHWH
(/DDGXOWRULILFLXOPHQWDOVHORFDOL]HD]ODPLMORFXOGLVWDQHLGLQWUHPDUJLQHDVXSHULRDUL
FHDLQIHULRDUDPDQGLEXOHL
)RUPDLXQLOHRVXOXLSDODWLQ
A. Lamela orbitar
B. Lamela orizoQWDO
&/DPHODHWPRLGDO
'/DPHODSHUSHQGLFXODU
(/DPHODVIHQRLGDO
Peretele medial al orbitei este format de:
$)DDRUELWDrDDULSLORUPDUL
B. Osul lacrimal
C. Aripele mici
D. Lamela orbitarDRVXOXLHWPRLG
($SRIL]DIURQWDODPD[LOHL
Peretele inferior al orbitei este format de:
$)DDRUELWDrDRVXOXL]LJRPDWLF
%$SRIL]DIURQWDODRVXOXL]LJRPDWLF
C. Fata orbitarDPD[LOHL
'$SRIL]D]LJRPDWLFDRVXOXLIURQWDO
E. Apofiza orbitarDRVXOXLSDODWLQ
Peretele lateral al orbitei este format de :
A. LDPHODODWHUDODDSRIL]HLSWHULJRLGH
B. ASRIL]D]LJRPDWLFDRVXOXLIURQWDO
C. Feele orbitare ale aripilor mari a osului sfenoid
D. ASRIL]DIURQWDODPD[LOHL
E. ASRIL]DIURQWDODRVXOXL]LJRPDWLF
Orbita comunic cu endobaza craniului prin:
A. Canalul optic
B. Orificiul rotund
C. Fisura orbitarVXSHULRDU
D. Fisura orbitarLQIHULRDU
E. Orificiile etmoidale
207
205
170
171
172
Fisura orbitaULQIHULRDUHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH
A. Apofiza orbitarDRVXOXLSDODWLQ
B. Osul frontal
C. FDDRUELWDrDPD[LOHL
D. Lamela orbitarDRVXOXLHWPRLG
E. FDDRUELWDrDDULSLORUPDULDle osului sfenoid
2UELWDFRPXQLFFXFDYLWDWHDQD]DOSULQ
A. Orificiul etmoid anterior
B. Canalul palatin mare
C. Canalul nazolacrimal
D. Orificiul etmoid posterior
E. Canalul optic
/DIRUPDUHDSHUHWHOXLQD]DOODWHUDOSDUWLFLS
A. Osul lacrimal.
B. Maxila.
C. Labirintul etmoid.
D. Oasele nazale.
E. Osul palatin.
173
Septul osos al nasului este constituit de:

A. Spina nasalis a osului frontal
%$SRIL]DIURQWDODPD[LOHL
C. LaPHODSHUSHQGLFXODUDRVXOXLHWPRLG
'/DPHODSHUSHQGLFXODUDRVXOXLSDODWLQ
E. Vomer
174
Cu privire la craniul n ansamblu:

A.%D]DFUDQLXOXLHVWHPDLIUDJLOGHFkWFDOYDULD
B. /DPHODLQWHUQDRDVHORUFDOYDULHLHVWHPDLUH]LVWHQWGHFkWFHDexWHUQ
C. FosDFUDQLDQPHGLHFRQLQHORELLWHPSRUDOLDLHPLVIHUHORUFHUHEUDOH
'2ULILFLXOMXJXODUVHORFDOL]HD]vQSDUWHDSRVWHULRDUDILVXULLSHWURRFFLSLWDOH
(2ULILFLXOVSLQRVOHDJIRVDFUDQLDQPHGLHFXIRVDLQIUDWHPSRUDO
&XSULYLUHODIRVDFUDQLDQDQWHULRDU:
A. /DPHODFLXUXLWDRVXOXLHWPRLGVHSDUIRVDFUDQLDQDQWHULRDUGHFDYLWDWHDQD]DO
B. QIRVDFUDQLDQDQWHULRDUVHDIORULILFLXORUELRULILFLLOHFDQDOHORUHWPRLGDOHDQWHULRUL
posterior.
C. 0DUJLQLOHPHGLDOHDOHSRULXQLORURUELWDUHDOHRVXOXL froQWDODFRSHUlabirintele etmoidale.
D. /DIRUPDUHDIRVHLFUDQLHQHDQWHULRDUHSDUWLFLSRDVH
E. &DQDOHOHHWPRLGDOHVHIRUPHD]ODMRQFLXQHDPDUJLQLLODWHUDOHDODPHLFULEURDVHFXRVXO
frontal.
175
176
206
&XSULYLUHODIRVDFUDQLDQPHGLH:
A. QSDUWHDFHQWUDOD HLVHDIOFDQDOXORSWLFDQXOFKLDVPDWLFLDXDWXUFHDVF
B. QSDUWHDDQWHULRDUDHLLWXUFHWLVHDIOWXEHUFXOXOvQFHDSRVWHULRDU- speteaua, iar n
mijloc - IRVDKLSRIL]LDO
C. $QWHULRUVHDIOvQUDSRUWFXRUELWHOHODWHUDOFXIRVDWHPSRUDOLQIHrior cu fosa
SWHULJRSDODWLQ
D. 3RVWHURPHGLDOGHRULILFLXORYDOVHDIORULILFLXOUXSW
E. &RPXQLFFXRUELWDIRVDSWHULJRSDODWLQLH[RED]DFUDQLDQ
208
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
&XSULYLUHODIRVDFUDQLDQSRVWHULRDU
A. (VWHFHDPDLODUJLSURIXQGGLQFHOHIRVHFUDQLHQH
B. LaterDOHVWHGHOLPLWDWGHSDUWHDPDVWRLGLDQDWHPSRUDOXOXLLXQJKLXOPDVWRLGLDQDO
parietalului .
C. &OLYXVXOHVWHVHSDUDWGHSLUDPLGDWHPSRUDOSULQILVXUDSHWURVIHQRLGDO
D. 2ULILFLXOPDVWRLGLDQVHGHVFKLGHvQSRULXQHDVXSHULRDUDDQXOXLVLQXVXOXLWUDQVYHUV.
E. 3RULXQHDDQWHULRDUDPDUHLJXULRFFLSLWDOHHVWHPDLvQJXVWGHFkWFHDSRVWHULRDU
,QIRVDFUDQLDQSRVWHULRDUVHGHVFKLGRULILFLLOH
A. Jugular
B. Oval
C. Acustic intern
D. Hipoglos
E. Sfenopalatin
)RVDLQIUDWHPSRUDOHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH
A$SRIL]DSWHULJRLGDVIHQRLGXOXL
B. Osul palatin
C. Osul temporal
D. Osul zigomatic
E. Ramurile mandibulei
In care canal se FRQWLQXIRVDSWHULJRSDODWLQ"
A. Infraorbitar
B. Palatin mare.
C. Palatin mic.
D. Supraorbitar.
E. Sfenopalatin.
Orbita cRPXQLFFXIRVDSWHULJRSDODWLQSULQ
A. Orificiul rotund.
B. Orificiul palatin mare.
C. Fisura orbitaULQIHULRDU
D. Fisura orbitaUVXSHULRDU
E. Canalul pterigoid .
Fosa infratePSRUDOFRPXQLFFXRUELWDSULQ
A. Fisura orbitarVXSHULRDU
B. Fisura orbitarLQIHULRDU
C. Canalul optic.
')LVXUDSWHULJRPD[LODU
()LVXUDSHWURVFYDPRDV
,QGLFDLFHLSHUHLDLIRVHLSWHULJRSDODWLQH
A. Anterior - tuberculul maxilei
B. Lateral - DSRIL]DSWHULJRLG
C. Posterior- baza apofizei pterigoide
D. Medial - ODPHODSHUSHQGLFXODUDRVXOXLSDODWLQ
E. Superior - arcul zigomatic
Ce constituie fontanelele?
$3RULXQLFDUWLODJLQRDVHDOHFDOYDULHL
%3RULXQLPHPEUDQRDVHDOHFDOYDULHL
C. Suturile calvariei.
''HUHJOULDle osteogenezei.
E. Fisuri ale calvariei.
209
207
185&XSULYLUHODSDUWLFXODULWLOHGHVH[DOHFUDQLXOXL:
0DQGLEXODHVWHUXJRDVLFRPSDFW
3URWXEHUDQDPHQWDOHELQHHYLGHQLDW
3. Unghiul mandibulei e nclinat spre interior.
$ULDQXFDOHVODESURQXQDW
5. ArcurilHVXSHUFLOLDUHLJODEHODVXQWELQHSURQXQDWH
$SRIL]DPDVWRLGLDQHVODESURQXQDW
186. Cu privire la meaturile acustice:
6HORFDOL]HD]vQSDUWHDWLPSDQLFDRVXOXLWHPSRUDO
2. Se deschide pe IDDSRVWHULRDUDSLUDPLGHLWHPSRUDOH
&RQLQHYDVHVDQJYLQHLQHUYL
6HUYHWHSHQWUXWUDQVPLWHUHDXQGHORUVRQRUH
6HDIOODWHUDOGHFDYLWDWHDWLPSDQLF
187. Cu privire la tipul de osificare a oaselor craniene:
1 Frontalul
2 Parietalul
3 Etmoidul
4 Cornetul nazal inferior
5 Occipitalul
6 Osul lacrimal
7 Sfenoidul
8 Maxila
9 Osul nazal
10 Temporalul
11 Osul palatin
12 Mandibula
13 Osul zigomatic
188. &XSULYLUHODDQXULOHVLQXVXULORUSDKLPHQLQJHOXL
7UHFHSULQVRO]XORVXOXLIURQWDOPDUJLQHDVDJLWDOD
SDULHWDOXOXLLVRO]XORFFLSLWDOXOXL
6HWHUPLQODQLYHOXORULILFLXOXLMXJXODU
7UHFHRUL]RQWDOSHIDDLQWHUQDVRO]ului osului occipital.
4. Este rectiliniu.
6HWHUPLQvQVHFWRUXOVXSHULRUDODQXOXLVLJPRLGLDQ
6HORFDOL]HD]SHRDVHSDULHWDOWHPSRUDOLRFFLSLWDO
6HDIOSHPDUJLQHDVXSHULRDUDSiramidei osului temporal.
A. La craniul feminin
B. La craniul masculin
A. Meatul extern
B. Meatul intern
A. 2VLILFDUHGHVPDO
B. 2VLILFDUHFRQGUDO
C. Prin ambele tipuri.
A. DQXOVLQXVXOXLVDJLWDO
superior
B. DQXOVLQXVXOXLVLJPRLGLDQ
C. DQXOVLQXVXOXLSLHWURV
superior
D. DQXOVLQXVXOXLWUDQVYHUV
II$VRFLDLQRLXQLOHGLQFRORDQDQXPHULFFXFHOHGLQFRORDQDDOIDEHWLFQRWDLL
DUJXPHQWDLUVSXQVXULOHFRUHFWH
189.Osul frontal.
A. Aripi mici.
190.Osul temporal.
B. )RVHWWURKOHDU
191.Osul occipital.
C. /DPSHUSHQGLFXODU
192.Osul sfenoid.
D. Linii nucale.
193.Osul etmoid.
E. Canal carotidian.
194. Osul etmoid.
A. Tubercul faringian.
195. Osul sfenoid.
B. Piramida.
196. Osul temporal.
C. Unghi sfenoid.
197. Osul occipital.
'/DPHORUELWDU
198. Osul parietal.
E. Canal optic.
208
210
$/DPFULEURDV
B. Canal carotidian.
CDQDOVLQXVXOXLVDJLWDO superior.
'$SRIL]FOLQRLGSRVWHULRDU
(/LQLHQXFDOLQIHULRDU
A. Aripi.
B. Tubercul marginal.
&/LQJXO
'/DPSHUSHQGLFXODU
(DQODFULPDO
A. Osul temporal.
B. Osul occipital.
C. Osul sfenoid.
D. Osul frontal.
E. Osul parietal.
A. Osul parietal.
B. Osul temporal.
C. Osul frontal.
D. Osul sfenoid.
E. Osul occipital.
A. Nervul facial.
B. Orificiul inferior al
canaliculului timpanic.
&1HUYLLFUDQLHQL9,,L9,,,
'&RDUGDWLPSDQLF
E. Ramura auULFXODUDQHUYXOXL vag.
A. Corp, 2 ramuri.
%$UHDSRIL]HWHPSRUDOLIURQWDO
&$UHDSRIL]HODFULPDOPD[LODU
HWPRLG
D. 2 aripi.
E. ASRIL]HOHIURQWDODOYHRODU
LQIUDWHPSRUDOSDODWLQ
A. Orificiul lacerat.
B. Orificiul orb.
C. Fisura pteULJRPD[LODU
D. Orificiul sfenopalatin.
E. Orificiul acustic intern.
A. Orificiul incisiv.
B. Apertura sinusului etmoid.
C. Infundibulul etmoidal.
D. Celulele posterioare ale osului etmoid.
E. Canalul nazolacrimal.
$)RUPDWGHRDVHVIHQRLG]LJRPDWLFL
frontal.
B. Fosa sacului lacrimal.
&DQXOLQIUDRUELWDU
D. Canalul optic
()RVDWURKOHDU
199. Corpul osului sfenoid.

200. Solzul occipitalului.
201. Osul temporal.
202. Osul parietal.
203. Osul etmoid.
204. Osul palatin.
205. Vomerul.
206. Maxila.
207. Mandibula.
208. Osul zigomatic.
209. Fosete granulare.
210DQXOVLQXVXOXLVLJPRLG
2113DUWHDWLPSDQLF
212. Orificiul oval.
213,QFL]XUDHWPRLGDO
214. Canalul pterigoid.
215. Canalul optic.
216DQXOVLQXVXOXLSLHWURVLQIHULRU
217. Unghiul frontal.
218. Canalul hipoglos.
219)LVXUDSHWURWLPSDQLF
220. Orificiul stilomastoidian.
221. Canaliculul mastiodian.
222)RVHWSLHWURDV
223. Meatul acustic intern.
224. Maxila.
225. Mandibula.
226. Vomerul.
227. Osul zigomatic.
228. Cornetul nazal inferior.
229)RVDFUDQLDQDQWHULRDU
230)RVDFUDQLDQPHGLH
231)RVDFUDQLDQSRVWHULRDU
232)RVDLQIUDWHPSRUDO
233)RVDSUHULJRSDODWLQ
234. Meatul nazal superior.
235. Meatul nazal mediu.
236. Meatul nazal inferior.
237'HSUHVLXQHDVIHQRHWPRLGDO
238. Palatul dur.
239. Peretele superior al orbitei
240. Peretele inferior al orbitei
241. Peretele lateral al orbitei
242. Peretele medial al orbitei
243. Vrful orbitei
211
209
244)LVXUDGLQWUHSHUHWHOHODWHUDOLFHOLQIHULRUDO
orbitei.
245. Canalul de la baza apofizei pterigoidiene.
246. Orificiul delimitat de incizurile nazale.
247)RUPDLXQHDGHODFDSWXODQWHULRUDOVXWXULL
palatine mediane.
248. Cavitatea osului temporal.
A. Canalul inciziv.
%$SHUWXUDSLULIRUP
&3HWHUDPDVWRLGLDQ
')LVXUDRUELWDULQIHULRDU.
E. Toate false.
249&DQDOLFXOXOFHvQFHSHGLQIRVDMXJXODU
250&DQDOLFXOXOFHvQFHSHGHODIRVHWDSLHWURDV
2512ULILFLLOHSRVWHULRDUHDOHFDYLWLLQD]DOH
252&DQDOLFXOXOFDUHSRUQHWHGLQFDQDOXO
nervului facial.
253. Canalul de pe muchiDDQWHULRDUD
piramidei temporale.
254. Canalul format de 3 oase: sfenoid, maxilar
LSDODWLQ
255. Orificiul localizat anterior de vrful
piramidei temporale, posterior de apofiza
SWHULJRLGLDQ
256. Canalul de la baza condilului occipital.
2572ULILFLXOGHSHIDDPD[LODUDDULSHLPDULD
sfenoidului.
258. Orificiul format cu participarea oaselor
WHPSRUDOLRFFLSLWDO
259%XODHWPRLGLDQ
260. Canalul nazolacrimal.
261. Orificiile etmoidiene.
262)RVDPDQGLEXODU
263DQXOVLQXVXOXLSLHWUos superior.
264&DQDOXOLPSRUWDQWSHQWUXIXQFLRQDUHD
organului auzului.
265. Canalul ce se deschide n cavitatea
craniului, lateral de corpul sfenoidului.
266. Canaliculul ce se deschide n fisura
timpano-PDVWRLGLDQ
267&DQDOXOGLQWUHFDYLWDWHDQD]DOLEXFDO
268. Canaliculul ce trece prin cavitatea
WLPSDQLFDSRLSHQHWUHD]VHSWXOFDQDOXOXL
musculotubar.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Canaliculul mastoidian.
Canalul musculotubar.
Canaliculul coardei timpanice.
Canaliculul timpanic.
Coane.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Orificiul lacerat.
Canalul nervului hipoglos.
Orificiul rotund.
Orificiul jugular.
Canalul pterigopalatin.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Meatul nazal inferior.

Peretele medial al orbitei.
Baza apofizei zigomatice.
Piramida osului temporal.
Meatul nazal mediu.
Canaliculul mastoidian.
Canalul incisiv.
Canalul musculotubar.
Canaliculul timpanic.
Canalul carotid.
III'HWHUPLQDLODFDUHFRPSDUWLPHQWHDOHVFKHOHWXOXLVHUHIHUHSRQLPHOH
269. Orizontala Frankfurt
270. Unghiul Camper
$&XWLDWRUDFLF
271. Linia lui Schoemacker
B. Craniu
272. Tuberculul Chassaignac
C. Bazin
273. Tuberculul Lisfranc
'&RORDQDYHUWHEUDO
274. Linia Lange
275. Unghiul Louis
210
212
TESTE PENTRU INSTRUIRE ,$872&21752/ LA ARTROSINDESMOLOGIE

*HQHUDOLWL
I. 6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWHDUJXPHQWDL-le.
1.
Unirile oaselor prin membrane se numesc:
A. Sincondroze
B. Sinelastoze
C. Sinsarcoze
D. Sinfibroze
E. Sinostoze
2.
Suturile fac parte din:
A. Sinsarcoze
B. Sinelastoze
C. Sincondroze
D. Sinfibroze
C. Sinostoze
3.
*RPIR]HOHLQGH :
A. Ligamente
B. Sincondroze
C. Sinfibroze
D. Sinelastoze
E. Membrane
4.
Caracteristica sinartrozelor :
$'XSGXUDWDH[LVWHQHLVLQRVWR]HOHVHvPSDUWvQWHPSRUDUHLSHUPDQHQWH
B. Membranele se deosebesc de ligamente prLQPULPHDVSDLXOXLRFXSDW
&$UWLFXODLLOHRDVHORUvQGH]YROWDUHDORUWUHFSULQDFHOHDLWUHLVWDGLLFDLVFKHOHWXO
'6LPIL]DHVWHRIRUPGHWUDQ]LLHGHODVLQGHVPR]HODVLQFRQGUR]H
(6LQGHVPR]HOHVHSRWWUDQVIRUPDvQVLQFRQGUR]HLVLQRVWR]H
5.
)HHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHGLDUWUR]HORU :
A. &DUWLODMXODUWLFXODUGXSVWUXFWXUDVDHVWHGHRELFHLKLDOLQLF
LGRDUUDUHRULILEURV
B. *URVLPHDFDUWLODMXOXLDUWLFXODUYDULD]GHODSkQOD
mm.
C. QXQHOHFD]XULIHHOHDUWLFXODUHQXVXQWFRQJUXHnte.
D. QFD]GHLQFRQJUXHQDIHHORUDUWLFXODUHGLIHUHQDHVWH
QLYHODWSULQRDVHVHVDPRLGH
E. 'LVFXULOHLQWUDDUWLFXODUHFXFLUFXPIHULQDORUDGHUVWUkQVOD
FDSVXODDUWLFXODU
6.
Straturile capsulei articulare:
A. Adventiceal
B. Epitelial
C. Fibros
D. Seros
E. Sinovial
7.
Lichidul sinovial are rol de:
$'LULMDUHDPLFULORU
B. Metabolism
C. Amortizare
'/XEULILHUHDIHHORUDUWLFXODUH
(&UHWHUHDRDVHORU
213
211
8.
9.
10.
)XQFLLOHFDSVXOHLDUWLFXODUHVXQWGH:
$3URWHFLH
B. Sprijin
C. Consolidare a oaselor
'5HJOHPHQWDUHDPLFULORU
(6HFUHLH
)XQFLLOHOLJDPHQWHORUVXQWFHOHGH:
A. Consolidare a oaselor
B. Fortificare a capsulei articulare
&)UkQDUHDPLFULORU
''LULMDUHDPLFULORU
(3URWHFLH
Cartilajul articular :
$1XFRQLQHWHUPLQDLLQHUYRDVH
%$UHSURSULHWLGHFRPSUHVLELOLWDWHLHODVWLFLWDWH
&-RDFUROGHDPRUWL]DWRU
''HYLQHPDLJURVSHPVXUDvQDLQWULLvQYkUVW
(QFD]GHLPRELOL]DUHvQGHOXQJDWSRDWHILLQYDGDWGHYDVHVDQJYLQH
,,$VRFLDLDILUPDLLOHGLQ FRORDQDQXPHULFFXIRUPDLXQLOHGLQFRORDQDDOIDEHWLF
0LFDUHDSULQFDUHGRXVHJPHQWHDOHXQXLPHPEUXVHDSURSLHXQXO $&LUFXPGXFLD
de altul.
%$GGXFLD
0LFDUHDSULQFDUHGRXVHJPHQWHDOHXQXLPHPEUXVHvQGHSUWHD] &$EGXFLD
unul de altul.
D. Extensia
0LFDUHDGDWRULWFUHLDXQPHPEUXVDXXQVHJPHQWGHPHPEUXVH F. Flexia
apropie de planul sagital al corpului.
0LFDUHDFHUH]XOWGLQUHDOL]DUHDVXFFHVLYDDEGXFLHLH[WHQVLHL
DGGXFLHLLIOH[LHL
3HUPLWHGRDUPLFULGHURWDLH
$$UWLFXODLDSODQ
6XQWSRVLELOHQXPDLPLFULGHDOXQHFDUH
%$UWLFXODLDWURKOHDQ
3HUPLWHPLFULGHIOH[LH- extensie.
&$UWLFXODLDWURKRLG
5HDOL]HD]PLFULGHIOH[LH- H[WHQVLHDEGXFLH- DGGXFLHL
'$UWLFXODLDFRQGLODU
FLUFXPGXFLH
($UWLFXODLDvQD
5HDOL]HD]PLFULGHIOH[Le - H[WHQVLHDEGXFLH- DGGXFLHURWDLH )$UWLFXODLD
LFLUFXPGXFLH
HOLFRLGDO
3RVHGIHHDUWLFXODUHLGHQWLFH
*$UWLFXODLDHOLSVRLG
3HUPLWHPLFULRSXVHvQWU-un singur plan.
+(QDUWUR]
3HUPLWHPLFULvQMXUXODGRXD[HUHFLSURFSHUSHQGLFXODUH
,$PILDUWUR]
3HUPLWHPLFULvQWRDWHSODQXULOH
DQXOWURKOHHLHVWHVLWXDWVXEXQXQJKLIDGHD[DHL
2(VWHFRPSXVGLQXQLUHDPDLPXOWRURDVH
A. 'LDUWUR]VLPSO
3UH]LQWRFRPELQDUHIXQFLRQDODFvWRUYDDUWLFXODLLDQDWRPLF
B. 'LDUWUR]FRPSXV
separate.
C. 'LDUWUR]
&RQLQHFDUWLODMLQWUDDUWLFXODU
FRPELQDW
(VWHFRPSXVSULQXQLUHDDGRXRDVH
D. DLDUWUR]FRPSOH[
212
214
-RQFLXQLOHRDVHORUFUDQLHQH
I6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWHDUJXPHQWDL-le.
29.
30.
31.
32.
-RQFLXQLOHRDVHORUFUDQLHQH:
A. Oasele faciale se unesc numai prin intermediul suturilor plane.
B. 6XWXULOHGLQDWHOLSVHVFvQUHJLXQHDFUDQLXOXLfacial.
C. QWUHFRUSXOVIHQRLGXOXLLED]DRFFLSLWDOXOXLVHDIORVLQFRQGUR]SHUPDQHQW
D. *RPIR]HOHUHSUH]LQWRYDULHWDWHDVLQGHVPR]HORU
E. $UWLFXODLDWHPSRURPDQGLEXODUHVWHRGLDUWUR]FRQGLODUFRPSOH[FRPELQDW
$UWLFXODLDWHPSRURPDQGLEXODU :
A. &DYLWDWHDDUWLFXODUHVWHVHSDUDWvQGRXHWDMH
%'LVFXODUWLFXODUDUHRIRUPGHOHQWLOELFRQYH[
&0LFULOHGHDOXQHFDUHDXORFvQHWDMXOLQIHULRU
'0LFULOHGHURWDLHvQMXUXOD[HLYHUWLFDOHVHHIHFWXHD]vQHWDMXOVXSHULRU
E. n caz de laterRSXOVLHDUHORFPLFDUHDGHDOXQHFDUHXQLODWHUDODFDSXOXLPDQGLEXOHLFX
GLVFXODUWLFXODUvQHWDMXOVXSHULRUDO$70LDUvQSDUWHDFRQWUDODWHUDO- URWDLDvQHWDMXO
inferior.
$SDUDWXOOLJDPHQWDUDODUWLFXODLHLWHPSRURPDQGLEXODUH:
A. Ligamentul laterDOHVWHFRQFUHVFXWFXFDSVXODDUWLFXODU
B. Ligamentele extrinseci unesc mandibula cu craniul.
C. /LJDPHQWXOVWLORPDQGLEXODUUHSUH]LQWRvQJURDUHDFDSVXOHLILEURDVHDJODQGHL
parotide.
D. /LJDPHQWXOVIHQRPDQGLEXODUVHH[WLQGHGHODVSLQDRVXOXLVIHQRLGSkQODunghiul
mandubulei.
E. /LJDPHQWXOVIHQRPDQGLEXODUMRDFUROXOGHVXSRUWSDVLYDOPDQGLEXOHL
0LFULOHvQDUWLFXODLDWHPSRURPDQGLEXODU :
A. QSURSXOVLHDUHORFDOXQHFDUHDELODWHUDODFDSXOXLPDQGLEXOHLvPSUHXQFXGLVFXO
DUWLFXODUSHIDDDUWLFXODUDtemporalului.
B. QUHWURSXOVLHDXORFPLFULGHURWDLHvQHWDMXOLQIHULRU
C. /DPLFDUHDGHFRERUkUHDPDQGLEXOHLVHGLVWLQJWUHLID]H
D. QGHSODVDUHDPDQGLEXOHLDQWHULRUPLFDUHDVHUHDOL]HD]GRDUvQHWDMXOLQIHULRU
(QODWHURSXOVLHPLFULOHFDUHDX ORFvQDPEHOHDUWLFXODLLQXVXQWLGHQWLFH
II. $VRFLDLQRLXQLOHGLQFRORDQDQXPHULFFXFHOHGLQFRORDQDDOIDEHWLF
'HWHUPLQDLWLSXOVXWXULORUvQWUHRDVHOH :
3DULHWDOLRFFLSLWDO
)URQWDOLQD]al
0D[LODGUHDSWLVWkQJ
7HPSRUDOLVIHQRLG
)URQWDOLSDULHWDO
7HPSRUDOL]LJRPDWLF
A. Sutura serrata
B. Sutura squamoza
C. Sutura plana
215
213
39.
40.
41
42
43.
44.
45.
214
-RQFLXQLOHRDVHORUWUXQFKLXOXL
,6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWHDUJXPHQWDL-le
ArticulDLLOHFRUSXULORUYHUWHEUHORU:
A. ntre corpurile vertebrelor limitrofe unirea are loc prin sincondroze, sindesmoze sau
sinostoze.
%*URVLPHDGLVFXULORULQWHUYHUWHEUDOHHVWHPDLPLFvQVHJPHQWXOthoracic al coloanei vertebrale.
C. Discurile intervertebrale sunt bine vascularizate.
'/LJDPHQWXOORQJLWXGLQDODQWHULRUHVWHFRQFUHVFXWFXFRUSXULOHYHUWHEUHORULQXVHXQHWHFX
discurile intervertebrale.
E. Ligamentul longitudinal posterior ncepe de la PDUJLQHDSRVWHULRDUDRULILFLXOXLRFFLSLWDO mare.
Discurile intervertebrale:
A. Au aspectul unei lentile biconvexe.
B. Dimensiunile lor sunt mai mari ca cele ale corpurilor vertebrelor.
C. Unirea vertebrelor limitrofe are loc prin nucleul pulpos.
D. Rolul principal al inelului fibros este cel de amortizare.
(3ULPXOVHORFDOL]HD]vQWUHYHUWHEUHOHFHUYLFDOH,L,,
Unirea arcurilor vertebrale are loc prin intermediul :
A. Lig. zigapofizale
B. Lig. supraarcuate
C. Lig. intervertebrale
D. Lig. galbene
E. Lig. interarcuate
Ligamentele longitudinale ale coloanei vertebrale:
$6HORFDOL]HD]ELODWHUDOGHFRUSXULOHYHUWHEUDOH
%/LJDPHQWXODQWHULRUVHvQWLQGHGHODWXEHUFXOXOIDULQJLDQSkQODOLQLDWUDQVYHUVDOVDFUDOD
II a sau a III.
&/LJDPHQWXOORQJLWXGLQDOSRVWHULRUVHOHWHla nivelul discurilor intervertebrale.
D. Ligamentele longitudinale concresc tenace cu discurile intervertebrale.
(/LJDPHQWXOORQJLWXGLQDOSRVWHULRUVHWHUPLQSHIDDSRVWHULRDUDFRUSXULORUYHUWHEUHORU
sacrale sau cel al vertebrei coccigiene I.
/LJDPHQWXOVXSUDVSLQDOLQUHJLXQHDFHUYLFDOHQXPLW :
A. Lig. occipital inferior
B. Lig. supraspinal posterior
C. Lig. supraspinal cervical
D. Lig. nucal
E. Lig. occipital posterior
$UWLFXODLLOHYHUWHEUHORU :
A. Arcurile vertebrale se unesc prin sinfibroze.
B. $UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUYHUWHEUDOHVXQWGLDUWUR]HSODQHSOXULD[LDOHSXLQPRELOH
C. /LJDPHQWHOHLQWHUWUDQVYHUVDOHVXQWELQHHYLGHQLDWHvQSRULXQHDFHUYLFDO
D. /LJDPHQWXOQXFDOHVWHLQVHUDWVXSHULRUSHFUHDVWDH[WHUQDRVXOXLRFFLSLWDOLQIHULRU
SHDSRIL]DVSLQRDVDYHUWHEUHLSURHPLQHQWH
(/LJDPHQWHOHLQWHUVSLQDOHVXQWIRDUWHILQHvQUHJLXQHDFHUYLFDO
$UWLFXODLLOH]LJDSRIL]DOHUHSUH]LQW:
A. Amfiartroze
B. Diartroze uniaxiale
C. Diartroze plane
D. Sinartroze
E. Diartroze pluriaxiale
216
46. &RORDQDYHUWHEUDODSUH]LQWPRELOLWDWHVSRULWODQLYHOXO :
A. Lordozelor
B. Segmentului toracic
C. Cifozelor
D. Segmentului cervical
E. Segmentului lombar.
47. $UWLFXODLLOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHFXFUDQLXO :
A. /DDUWLFXODLDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHFXFUDQLXOSDUWLFLSRDVH
B. $UWLFXODLLOHDWODQWRRFFLSLWDOHVXQWIRUWLILFDWHGHPHPEUDQHOHDWODQWRRFFLSLWDOHDQWHULRDUL
SRVWHULRDU
C. 0HPEUDQDDWODQWRRFFLSLWDODQWHULRDUHVWHPDLODWGHFkWFHDSRVWHULRDU
D. $UWLFXODLLOHDWODQWRD[LDOHVXQWDFRSHULWHDQWHUior de membrana tectorie.
($SRIL]DRGRQWRLGHVWHPHQLQXWvQSR]LLHVWDELOSULQOLJDPHQWHOHDODUFUXFLIRUPL
apical.
48. 0LFULOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH :
A. QFRORDQDYHUWHEUDOVXQWSRVLELOHPLFULGHIOH[LHLH[WHQVLHDGGXFLHLDEGXFLH
rotDLH
B. )RUPDGLVFXULORULQWHUYHUWHEUDOHVHPRGLILFvQWLPSXOPLFULL
C. &HDPDLPRELOSRULXQHDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHHVWHFHDORPEDU
D. QFRORDQDYHUWHEUDOVXQWSRVLELOHPLFULGHFLUFXPGXFLH
E. $PSOLWXGLQHDPLFULORUGHDEGXFLHLDGGXFLHvQSRULXQHD WRUDFLFDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
HVWHPDLPDUHGHFkWDFHORUGHURWDLH
F.
49. -RQFLXQLOHH[WUHPLWLORUSRVWHULRDUHDOHFRDVWHORU
A. Capetele coastelor II-;IRUPHD]FXYHUWHEUHOHGLDUWUR]HFRPSXVH
B. 7RDWHDUWLFXODLLOHFDSXOXLFRVWDOVXQWFRQVROLGDWHSULQtr-XQOLJDPHQWLQWUDDUWLFXODULXQXO
extraarticular radiat.
C. ([WUHPLWLOHSRVWHULRDUHDOHFRDVWHORUVHXQHVFvQWUHHOHSULQPHPEUDQDLQWHUFRVWDO
H[WHUQ
D. 5RWDLDvQDUWLFXODLLOHFRVWRYHUWHEUDOHLFRVWRWUDQVYHUVDOHSHUPLWHPLFULGHDVFHQVLXQHL
descHQVLXQHDH[WUHPLWLORUDQWHULRDUHDOHFRDVWHORU
E. $UWLFXODLLOHFRVWRWUDQVYHUVDOHVXQWOLSVLWHGHOLJDPHQWHGHFRQVROLGDUH
F.
50. -RQFLXQLOHH[WUHPLWLORUDQWHULRDUHDOHFRDVWHORU
A. &DSVXODDUWLFXODLLORUVWHUQRFRVWDOHSUH]LQWRFRQWLQXDUHDSHULRVWXOXi sternal.
B. 3ULPDFRDVWVHXQHWHFXVWHUQXOSULQVLQFRQGUR]
C. $UWLFXODLLOHFRVWRVWHUQDOH,,-9,,VXQWFRQVROLGDWHSULQOLJDPHQWXOLQWUDDUWLFXODUL
ligamentele sternocostale radiate.
D. &DUWLODMHOHFRDVWHORUIDOVHFRQFUHVFvQWUHHOHVDXIRUPHD]DUWLFXODLL intercondrale.
E. &DYLWDWHDDUWLFXODLHLVWHUQR-FRVWDOHD,,HVWHVHSDUDWvQGRXFRPSDUWLPHQWH
F.
51. /DFDUHLQGLYL]LWRUDFHOHHGHIRUPDFRQLF"
A. La femei
B. La cei de tip brahimorf
C. La cei de tip dolicomorf
D. La cei de tip mezomorf
E. La persoanele senile
217
215
52. Ligamentele alare.
A. Articulatio atlantoaxialis mediana
8QLULSODQHSOXULD[LDOHSXLQPRELOH
B. Articulatio atlanto - occipitalis
0HPEUDQDDWODQWRRFFLSLWDODQWHULRDU
C. Articulationes zygapophysiales
55.Ligamentul apical al apofizei odontoide.
D. Articulationes atlantoaxiales
56.Ligamentul transvers al atlasului.
laterales
57.Membrana tectorie.
58.Unirile corpurilor vertebrale
A. Diartroze
59.Unirile arcurilor vertebrale
B. Sinelastoze
-RQFLXQLOHDSRIL]HORUDUWLFXODUHDOHYHUWHEUHORU
C. Sincondroze
61.Unirile apofizelor transversale
D. Sinostoze
62.Unirile apofizelor spinoase
E. Simfize
63.Unirile vertebrelor sacrale
F. Sinfibroze
G. Sinsarcoze
-RQFLXQLOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
,6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWHDUJXPHQWDL-le.
64.
$UWLFXODLDVWHUQRFODYLFXODU :
A. )HHOHDUWLFXODUHVXQWFRQJUXHQWH
B. $UWLFXODLDHVWHFRPSOH[FRPELQDW
C. 6XQWSRVLELOHPLFULvQMXUXODD[H
D. &DYLWDWHDDUWLFXODUHVWHGLYL]DWvQGRXFDPHUH
E. (VWHFRQVROLGDWGHOLJDPHQWHOHVWHUQRFODYLFXODUHLQWHUFODYLFXODULFRVWRFODYLFXODU
65.
$UWLFXODLDDFURPLRFODYLFXODU :
A. (VWHRGLDUWUR]PXOWLD[LDOFRPELQDW
B. n 1/3 din cazuri are un disc articular.
C. Discul uneori are un orificiu .
D. &DSVXODHVWHFRQVROLGDWGHOLJDPHQWXOFRUDFRDFURPLDO
E. /LJDPHQWXOFRUDFRFODYLFXODULQFOXGHSRULXQL OLJFRQRLGLOLJWUDSH]RLG
66.
$UWLFXODLDXPUXOXL :
A. 'HSUHVLXQHDVFDSXOHLHVWHGHRULPDLPLFGHFkWVXSUDIDDcapului humerusului.
B. &DSVXODDUWLFXODUVHLQVHUODGLVWDQGHFDSXOKXPHUDO
C. &DSVXODDUWLFXODUHVWHILQLOLEHU
D. %XUVDVXEVFDSXODUVHORFDOL]HD]ODED]DDSRIL]HLFRUDFRLGH
E. 7HDFDVLQRYLDOLQWHUWXEHUFXODUFXSULQGHWHQGRQXOFDSXOXLOXQJDOPXFKLXlui biceps
al humerusului.
67.
$UWLFXODLDFRWXOXL :
A. /DIRUPDUHDHLSDUWLFLSIHHDUWLFXODUH
B. $UWLFXODLDUDGLRXOQDUSUR[LPDOHVWHIRUWLILFDWGHOLJDPHQWHOHFRODWHUDOH
C. QUHJLXQHDDUWLFXODLHLOLSVHVFEXUVHOHVLQRYLDOH
D. ,QFRPSRQHQDDUWLFXODLHLFXELWDOHLQWUDUWLFXODLLGHIRUPHGLIHULWHVIHURLG
WURKRLGLWURKOHDU
E. QHDVXQWSRVLELOHPLFULvQMXUXODD[H
68.
-RQFLXQLOHRDVHORUDQWHEUDXOXL :
A. 2DVHOHDQWHEUDXOXLVHXQHVFSULQVLQGHVPR]LGLDUWUR]H
B. $UWLFXODLDUDGLRXOQDUSUR[LPDOHVWHFRQVROLGDWGHOLJDPHQWHOHLQHODULSDWUDW
C. &DSVXODDUWLFXODLHLUDGLRXOQDUHGLVWDOHIRUPHD]RSURODEDUHvQWUHRDVHOHFDUSLHQH
D. $PSOLWXGLQHDVXSLQDLHLLSURQDLHLvQDUWLFXODLLOHUDGLRXOQDUHDWLQJH0.
E. $UWLFXODLDUDGLRXOQDUGLVWDOHVWHFRPSOH[
216
218
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
$UWLFXODLDUDGLR-FDUSLDQ :
A. (VWHIRUPDWGLQRDVH UDGLXVLRDVHDOHUkQGXOXLSUR[LPDODOFDUSXOXL
B. &DSVXODDUWLFXODUHVWHIL[DWODGLVWDQGHIHHOHDUWLFXODUH
C. Ligamentul radiocarpian palmar se extinde de la radius pQODRVXOVFafoid.
D. (VWHRDUWLFXODLHHOLSVRLGELD[LDO
E. 3RVHGOLJDPHQWHGHFRQVROLGDUHFRODWHUDOHLUDGLRFDUSLHQH
$UWLFXODLLOHPkLQLL :
A. &DSVXODDUWLFXODLHLPHGLRFDUSLHQHHVWHIRDUWHILQvQSDUWHDSDOPDU
B. &DYLWDWHDDUWLFXODLHLPHGLRFDUSLHQHFRPXQLFFXFHDDDUWLFXODLHLUDGLRFDUSLHQH
C. $UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUFDUSLHQHVXQWFRQVROLGDWHGHOLJDPHQWHOHLQWHUFDUSLHQHGRUVDOH
SDOPDUHLQWHURVRDVHLOLJDPHQWXOUDGLDWSL]RKDPDWSL]RPHWDFDUSLDQ
D. $UWLFXODLLOHFDUSRPHWDFDUSLHQH,,-V au fisur DUWLFXODUFRPXQ
(&DYLWDWHDDUWLFXODLHLFDUSRPHWDFDUSLHQHDSROLFHOXOXLHVWHL]RODWGHDOWHDUWLFXODLL
carpometacarpiene.
$UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUPHWDFDUSLHQHPHWDFDUSRIDODQJLHQHLLQWHUIDODQJLHQH :
A. $UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUPHWDFDUSLHQHDXFDSVXOFRPXQFXDUWLFXODLLOHFDUSRPHWDFDUSLHQH
II-V.
B. $UWLFXODLLOHPHWDFDUSRIDODQJLHQHVXQWHOLSVRLGHPXOWLD[LDOH
C. $UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUPHWDFDUSLHQHVXQWFRQVROLGDWHGHOLJDPHQWHOHGRUVDOHSDOPDUHL
LQWHURVRDVHFHDXGLUHFLHWUDQVYHUVDO
D. Capsulele artiFXODLLORUPHWDFDUSRIDODQJLHQHVXQWvQWLQVH
($UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUIDODQJLHQHVXQWWURKOHDUHXQLD[LDOH
/LJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLXPrului :
A. Scapulohumeral
B. Acromiohumeral
C. Clavihumeral
D. Deltoideohumeral
E. Coracohumeral
$UWLFXODLL biaxiale ale membrului superior :
A. A. umarului
%0HGLRFDUSLDQ
&5DGLRFDUSLDQ
D. Interfalangiene
(&DUSRPHWDFDUSLDQDSROLFHOXL
(OHPHQWHDX[LOLDUHLQDUWLFXODLDXPDUXOXL :
A. Lig. coracohumeral
%7HDFDVLQRYLDOLQWHUWXEHUFXODU
C. Lig. acromiohumeral
'%XUVDVXEWHQGLQRDVDPVXEFODYLFXODU
E. Bureletul articular
/LJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLFRWXOXL :
A. Colateral humeral
B. Colateral ulnar
C. Colateral radial
D. Colateral radioulnar
E. Inelar al radiusului
219
217
76.
77.
78.
$UWLFXODLLOHVHODUHDOHmembrului superior :
$&DUSRPHWDFDUSLDQDSROLFHOXL
%5DGLRXOQDUSUR[LPDO
&+XPHURXOQDU
D. A. cotului
E. Carpometacarpiene
$UWLFXODLLOHFRPSXVHDOHPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU :
A. Interfalangiene
%5DGLRFDUSLDQ
&&DUSRPHWDFDUSLDQDSROLFHOXL
D. A. cotului
E. Carpometacarpiene
Componentele complexului solidar al minii :
A. $UWLFXODLLOHFDUSR-metacarpiene cu ligamentele lor
%$UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUFDUSLHQHFXDSDUDWXOORUOLJDPHQWDU
$UWLFXODLDUDGLRFDUSLDQFXDSDUDWXOHLGHFRQVROLGDUH
D. ArticXODLLOHLQWHUPHWDFDUSLHQHFXOLJDPHQWHOHORU
($UWLFXODLLOHPHWDFDUSRIDODQJLHQHFXDSDUDWXOORUOLJDPHQWDU
-RQFLXQLOHRDVHORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU
79.
80.
81.
82.
218
$UWLFXODLDVDFURLOLDF:
A. (VWHIRUPDWGLQIHHOHDUWLFXODUHDXULFXODUHDOHVDFUXOXLLFR[DOXOXL
B. &DSVXODDUWLFXODUHVWHOLEHULUH]LVWHQW
C. Cartilajul articular pe osul coxal este mai gros dect de pe sacru.
D. Dintre ligamentele sacroiliace cel interosos este cel mai puternic.
E. 3UH]LQWRDPILDUWUR]
6LPIL]DSXELDQ :
A. (VWHRKHPLDUWUR]IRUPDWvQWUHRDVHOHSXELHQHFRQWUDLDFHQWH
B. 'LVFXOILEURFDUWLODJLQRVLQWHUSXELDQHVWHPDLPDVLYODEUEDL
C. QOLPHDVLPIL]HLHVWHPDLPDUHODIHPHL
D. 0LFULOHVXQWSRVLELOHODIHPHLvQWLPSXOQDWHULL
E. (VWHIL[DWGHOLJDPHQWXOSXELDQVXSHULRULOLJDPHQWXODUFXDWDOSXELVXOXL
Bazinul n ansamblu:
A. Constituie un inel osos.
B. %D]LQXOPDUHDOFWXLHWHSDUWHDLQIHULRDUDFDYLWLLDEGRPLQDOH
C. 2ULILFLXOVFLDWLFPDUHHVWHGHOLPLWDWGHLQFL]XUDVFKLDWLFPDUHLOLJDPHQWXO sacrotuberal.
D. 2ULILFLXOVFLDWLFPLFHVWHIRUPDWGHLQFL]XUDVFKLDWLFPLFLOLJDPHQWXOVDFURVSLQDO
E. QSR]LLHDQDWRPLFDSHUWXUDVXSHULRDUDED]LQXOXLODIHPHLIRUPHD]FXSODQXO
orizontal un unghi (50-550).
/LQLDWHUPLQDOHIRUPDWGLQ
A. Promontoriu
B. &UHDVWDLOLDF
C. /LQLDDUFXDW
D. &UHDVWDSXELF
E. 0DUJLQHDVXSHULRDUDVLPIL]HLSXELHQH
220
83.
84.
Limitele aperturii inferioare a bazinului includ:

A. Coccisul
B. Ligamentele sacrospinale
&7XEHUR]LWLOHVFLDWLFH
'5DPXULOHVFLDWLFHi pubiene inferioare
(6LPIL]DSXELDQ
$UWLFXODLDFR[RIHPXUDO
A. (VWHIRUPDWGHFDSXOIHPXUXOXLLIRVDDFHWDEXODU
B. %XUHOHWXODFHWDEXODUFRQVWGLQFDUWLODMKLDOLQLF
C. &DSVXODDUWLFXODUVe IL[HD]GHEXUHOHWXODFHWDEXODU
D. &ROXOIHPXUDOVHDIOvQLQWHULRUXOFDYLWLLDUWLFXODUH
E. Aparatul de fixare include ligamente extraarticulare, intracapsulare, intraarticulare.
85.
0LFULOHvQDUWLFXODLDFR[RIHPXUDO
A. $PSOLWXGLQHDPLFULORUGHSLQGHGHSR]LLDDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXL
B. 5RWDLDODWHUDO HVWHPDLHYLGHQWGHFkWFHDPHGLDO
C. /LJDPHQWXOLVFKLRIHPXUDOIUkQHD]H[WHQVLD
D. 0LFULOHVXQWOLPLWDWHGHDSDUDWXOOLJDPHQWDU
E. $PSOLWXGLQHDURWDLHLFRQVWLWXLH-80 grade
86.
$UWLFXODLDJHQXQFKLXOXL
$)HHOHDUWLFXODUHVXQWH[WLQVHLQFRQJUXHQWH
%(VWHFRQVWLWXLWGLQDUWLFXODLDIHPXURWLELDOLSDWHORIHPXUDO
&&DSVXODILEURDVVHLQVHUGLVWDQDWGHPDUJLQLOHFDUWLODMHORUDUWLFXODUHDOHWLELHL
'6WDELOLWDWHDHLGHSLQGHGHOLJDPHQWHOHPXFKLLLWHQGRDQHOHGLQMXUXODUWLFXODLHL
E. EVWHRGLDUWUR]XQLD[LDO
87.
(OHPHQWHOHLQWUDDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXL
A. /LJDPHQWHOHFUXFLDWHVXQWORFDOL]DWHvQDIDUDFDYLWLLVLQRYLDOH
B. Ligamentul cruciat anterior este mai slab dect cel posterior.
C. Ligamentul cruciat posterior previnHGHSODVDUHDSRVWHULRDUDIHPXUXOXLSHWLELHL
hiperextensia genunchiului.
D. Ligamentul cruciat posterior previne hiperflexia genunchiului.
E. /LJDPHQWXOFUXFLDWDQWHULRUHVWHIDFWRUXOSULQFLSDOGHVWDELOL]DUHDIHPXUXOXLvQSR]LLDGH
IOH[LHVXELQIOXHQDPDsei corpului.
88.
Bursele sinoviale ale articulatiei genunchiului:

$,QIUDURWXOLDQSURIXQG
%/DWHURURWXOLDQ
&6XEFXWDQDWSUHURWXOLDQ
'5HWURURWXOLDQ
(6XSUDURWXOLDQ
89.
Meniscurile:
A. &RQWULEXLHODFRQJUXHQDIHHORUDUWLFXODUHLDPRUWL]DUH.
B. 0DUJLQLOHH[WHUQHDOHORUVHXQHVFFXFDSVXODILEURDV
C. Marginile interne ale lor sunt libere.
D. &HOPHGLDODUHIRUPVHPLOXQDU
E. &HOODWHUDOHVWHDSURDSHURWXQGPDLPLFLPDLPRELOGHFkWFHOPHGLDO
221
219
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
220
&RPSRQHQWHOHDUWLFXODLHLJHQXQFKLXOXL
A. LigaPHQWXOWUDQVYHUVDOJHQXQFKLXOXLXQHWHSRULXQLOHDQWHULRDUHDOHPHQLVFXULORU
%0HQLVFXOODWHUDOHVWHIL[DWODOLJDPHQWXOFUXFLDWSRVWHULRULODFRQGLOXOPHGLDODOIHPXUXOXL
prin ligamente.
&1XPUXOLGLPHQVLXQLOHEXUVHORUVLQRYLDOHYDULD]LQGividual.
'&DSVXODILEURDVHOD[
E. Bursele VLQRYLDOHVXSUDSDWHODUSRSOLWHHDQVHULQLJDVWURFQHPLDQFRPXQLFFX
cavitatea VLQRYLDODJHQXQFKLXOXL
$UWLFXODLDWLELRILEXODU :
A. )DDDUWLFXODUDFDSXOXLILEXODUHVWHVLPLODUFXFHDORFDOL]DWSHIDDSRVWHURODWHUDOD
condilului lateral al tibiei.
B. &DSVXODHLVHLQVHUSHPDUJLQHDIHHORUDUWLFXODUH
C. (VWHFRQVROLGDWGHOLJDPHQWHOHLQWUDFDSVXODUHDOHFDSXOXLIXEXODUDQWHULRULSRVWHULRU
D. (VWHRDPILDUWUR]
E. &DYLWDWHDHLDUWLFXODUFRPXQLFFXFHDDJHQXQFKLXOXL
-RQFLXQHDWLELRILEXODUGLVWDO
A. Integritatea sindesmozHLWLELRILEXODUHGLVWDOHHVWHHVHQLDOSHQWUXVWDELOLWDWHDDUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOH
B. $UHDUXJRDVWULXQJKLXODUDPDOHROHLODWHUDOHVHXQHWHFXLQFL]XUDILEXODUGHSH
H[WUHPLWDWHDGLVWDODWLELHL
C. (FRQVROLGDWGHOLJDPHQWXOLQWHURVRVLOLJDPHQWHWLELRILEXODUHDQWHULRULSRVWHULRU
D. 5HSUH]LQWRGLDUWUR]FRPELQDW
E. 0HPEUDQDLQWHURVRDVQXSDUWLFLSODFRQVROLGDUHDHL
$UWLFXODLDWDORFUXUDO
A. Este IRUPDWGHIHHDUWLFXODUH
B. &DSVXODDUWLFXODUDHLHVWHJURDVvQWULWGHOLJDPHQWHOHODWHUDOHSXWHUQLFH
&&DSVXODVHLQVHUSHPDUJLQHDIHHORUDUWLFXODUH
'0HPEUDQDVLQRYLDOHVWHOD[
(&DYLWDWHDVLQRYLDOVHH[WLQGHGHVHRULVXSHULRUvQWUHOigamentele tibiofibulare.
(OHPHQWHOHGHFRQVROLGDUHDDUWLFXODLHLWDORFUXUDOH:
A. /LJDPHQWXOODWHUDOFRPSXVGLQSRULXQL
B. /LJDPHQWXOWDORILEXODUDQWHULRUH[WLQVvQWUHPDOHRODODWHUDOLFROXOWDODU
C. Ligamentul talofibular posterior, extins de la maOHRODODWHUDOSkQODWXEHUFXOXOlateral talar.
D. /LJDPHQWXOFDOFDQHRILEXODUORFDOL]DWvQWUHYkUIXOPDOHROHLODWHUDOHLIDDODWHUDOD
calcaneului.
E. /LJDPHQWXOPHGLDOFDUHSRUQHWHGHODPDOHRODPHGLDOLVHLQVHUSHWDOXVFDOFDQHXL
osul navicular.
$UWLFXODLLOHSLFLRUXOXL:
$$UWLFXODLD&KRSDUWHVWHFHDPDLPRELODUWLFXODLHDSLFLRUXOXL
%$UWLFXODLDWUDQVYHUVDODWDUVXOXLLQFOXGHDUWLFXODLLOHWDORQDYLFXODULFDOFDQHR-FXERLG
&0LFULOHSULQFLSDOHvQDUWLFXODLDWUDQVYHUVDODWDUVXOXLLFHDVXEWDODUVXQWLQYHUVLDL
eversia.
'QDUWLFXODLDVXEWDODUVHUHDOL]HD]PLFULGHDGGXFLHLDEGXFLHDSLFLRUXOXL
(3ULQVLQXVXOWDUVXOXLWUHFHWHQGRQXOXQXLPXFKL
$UWLFXODLDFDOFDQHRFXERLG
A. )HHOHDUWLFXODUHQXVXQWcongruente.
B. (VWHRDUWLFXODLHVHOLIRUPFHSHUPLWHRURWDLHOLPLWDW
C. &DSVXODHVWHPDLJURDVLPDLWHQVLRQDWGLQSDUWHDPHGLDO
D. &DYLWDWHDDUWLFXODUXQHRULFRPXQLFFXFHDDDUWLFXODLHLWDORFDOFDQHRQDYLFXODUH
E. 3HIDDGRUVDOHVWHFRQVROLGDWPDLELQHGHFkWSHFHDSODQWDU
222
/LJDPHQWHOHDUWLFXODLLORUSLFLRUXOXL
A. Ligamentul plantar lung - cel mai puternic dintre ligamentele piciorului.
B. /LJDPHQWXOSODQWDUOXQJvQFHSHSHIDDODWHUDODFDOFDQHXOXLLVHLQVHUSHED]HOHRDVHORU
metatarsiene II-V.
C. Ligamentul-FKHLHDODUWLFXODLHL&KRSDUWHVWHOLJDPHQWXOELIXUFDW
D. /LJDPHQWXOELIXUFDWHVWHDOFWXLWGLQSRULXQLFDOFDQHRQDYLFXODUL
FDOFDQHRFXQHLIRUP
E. &HOHPDLSXWHUQLFHOLJDPHQWHVXQWSHIDDSODQWDU
98. $UWLFXODLDFXQHRQDYLFXODU
A. Este o artLFXODLHHOLSVRLGIRUPDWGLQRDVH
B. &DSVXODHLHVWHOLEHUIL[DWGHPDUJLQHDIHHORUDUWLFXODUH
C. (VWHIRUWLILFDWGHWLSXULGHOLJDPHQWHFXQHRQDYLFXODUHSODQWDUHGRUVDOH
LQWHUFXQHLIRUPHLQWHURVRDVHLQWHUFXQHLIRUPHGRUVDOHLSODQWDUH
D. Fisura aUWLFXODUVHSUHOXQJHWHvQWUHRDVHOHFXQHLIRUPH
E. QXQHOHFD]XULFDYLWDWHDDUWLFXODUFRPXQLFFXFDYLWDWHDDUWLFXODLLORUWDUVRPHWDWDUVLHQH
99. $UWLFXODLLOHWDUVRPHWDWDUVLHQHLLQWHUPHWDWDUVLHQH :
A. 6XQWDUWLFXODLLWDUVRPHWDWDUVLHQHFRPSXVHL]RODWe una de alta.
B. 6XQWFRQVROLGDWHSULQOLJDPHQWHOHWDUVRPHWDWDUVLHQHGRUVDOHSODQWDUHLLQWHURVRDVH
C. /LJDPHQWXOWDUVRPHWDWDUVLDQLQWHURVRVODWHUDOUHSUH]LQWFKHLDDUWLFXODLHL/LVIUDQF
D. $UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUPHWDWDUVLHQHVXQWSODQH
E. Orientarea tuturor ligameQWHORUGRUVDOHSODQWDUHLLQWHURVRDVHHVWHWUDQVYHUVDO
100. $UWLFXODLLOHPHWDWDUVRIDODQJLHQH:
A. )HHOHFDSHWHORURDVHORUPHWDWDUVLHQHVXQWVIHURLGHXRUDSODWL]DWHWUDQVYHUVDO
B. &DSVXODDUWLFXODUHVWHILQLIODVF
C. Sunt fortificate de ligamentele coODWHUDOHPHGLDOHLODWHUDOHSODQWDUHLOLJDPHQWXO
transversal profund al metatarsului.
D. /LJDPHQWHOHFRODWHUDOHPHGLDOHVXQWPDLPDVVLYHLPDLSXWHUQLFH
E. 0LFULOHGHH[WHQVLHVXQWPDLUHGXVHGHFkWvQDUWLFXODLLOHVLPLODUHDOHPkLQLL
101. $UWLFXODLLOHPHWDWDUVRIDODQJLHQHLLQWHUIDODQJLHQH:
A. /LJDPHQWXOWUDQVYHUVDOSURIXQGDOPHWDWDUVXOXLXQHWHFDSHWHOHWXWXURURDVHORU
metatarsiene.
B. $UWLFXODLLOHPHWDWDUVRIDODQJLHQHVXQWSOXULD[LDOH
C. 0LFULOHGHIOH[LHLH[WHQVLHvQDUWLFXODLLOHPHWDWDUVRIDODQJiene sunt mai reduse dect
FHOHGHDEGXFLHLDGGXFLH
D. $UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUIDODQJLHQHVXQWWURKOHDUHXQLD[LDOH
E. $UWLFXODLLOHLQWHUIDODQJLHQHVXQWFRQVROLGDWHGHOLJDPHQWHOHFRODWHUDOHLGRUVDOH
97.
$VRFLDLQRLXQLOHGLQFRORDQDQXPHULFFXFHOHGLQFRORDQDDOIDEHWLF
$UWVDFURLOLDF
A. 8QLD[LDO
$UWROGXOXL
B. %LD[LDO
104. Art.genunchiului
C. 0XOWLD[LDO
$UWWLELRILEXODUSUR[LPDO
D. $PILDUWUR]
$UWWDORFUXUDO
E. 6LPSO
$UWVXEWDODU
F. &RPSXV
$UWFDOFDQHRFXERLG
G. &RPSOH[
$UWWDORQDYLFXODU
H. &RPELQDW
110. Art.cuneonaviculare
111. Art.tarsometatarsiene
223
221
112. Art.intermetatarsiene
113. Art.metatarsofalangiene
114. Art.interfalangiene
115. Lig.deltoid
116. Lig.transversal al acetabulului
117. Ligg. colaterale
118. Lig. lateral
119. Lig.cruciat
120. Lig.cuneometatarsian interosos medial
121. Lig.bifurcat
122. Lig.sacrospinal
123. Burelet fibrocartilaginos
/LJJWLELRILEXODUHDQWLSRVW
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
$UWFR[RIHPXUDO
$UWVDFURLOLDF
Art.genunchiului
$UWWLELRILEXODU
6LQGHVPR]
WLELRILEXODU
F. Art. Lisfranc
G. Art. Chopart
H. $UWWDORFUXUDO
/DXUPWRDUHOHvQWUHEULUVSXQGHLSULQ
A GDFFHOHGRXDILUPDLLVXQWDGHYUDWHLvQWUHHOHH[LVWRUHODLHFDX]-efect;
B GDFFHOHGRXDILUPDLLVXQWDGHYUDWHGDUvQWUHHOHQXH[LVWRUHODLHFDX]-efect;
C GDFSULPDDILUPDLHHDGHYUDWLDUDGRXD IDOV
D GDFSULPDDILUPDLHHVWHIDOVLDUDGRXD DGHYUDW
E GDFDPEHOHDILUPDLLVXQWIDOVH
$UWLFXODLDWDORFUXUDOHVWHUHODWLYLQVWDELOvQWLPSXOIOH[LHLSODQWDUHGHRDUHFHWURKOHDSRVWHULRU
HVWHPDLvQJXVW
2DVHOHFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHVHXQHVFSULQGLDUWUR]HLVLQVDUFR]HLDURDVHOHFHQWXULLSHOYLHQH
SULQDPILDUWUR]HVLPIL]HLVLQRVWR]H
127. 2DVHOHDQWHEUDXOXLVHXQHVFSULQGLDUWUR]HFLOLQGULFHFHOHDOHJDPEHL prin intermediul unei
singure amfiartroze.
2DVHOHSLFLRUXOXLIRUPHD]EROWDSODQWDUvQFRQIRUPLWDWHFXDGDSWDUHDODPLFDUHDELSHG
129. La omul matur structurDED]LQXOXLSRVHGSDUWLFXODULWLGHVH[YGLWHILLQGFIXQFLLOH
ED]LQXOXLPDVFXOLQLIHPLQLQGLIHU
'LPHQVLXQLOHED]LQXOXLPLFODEUEDWVXQWPDLPLFLILLQdFRDVHOHPDVFXOLQHVXQWPDLJURDVH
TESTE PENTRU INSTRUI5(,$872&21752//$ MIOLOGIE
1.
2.
222
GHQHUDOLWL
6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWHDUJXPHQWDL-le.
0XFKLLVFKHOHWLFL:
A. 5HSUH]LQWFRPSRQHQWXODFWLYDODSDUDWXOXLORFRPRWRU
B. $XIXQFLH FRQWUDFWLO
C. &RQVWLWXLHVXUVDSULQFLSDOGHFOGXUvQRUJDQLVP
D. Constituie 55 - 60% din masa corpului.
E. $XUROvQFLUFXODLDVDQJYLQLOLPIDWLF
'LVSR]LWLYHDX[LOLDUHDOHPXFKLORUVXQW
A. Retinaculele
B. Mezotendoanele
C. Plicele sinoviale
D. Venterele musculare
E. Tecile sinoviale
224
3.
Fasciile:
A. 8QHVFSLHOHDFXPXFKLL
B. $VLJXULQWHJUitatea morfofuncLRQDODPXFKLORU
C. MUHVF randamentul muscular
D. )RUPHD]WHFLSHQWUXIDVFLFXOHOHYDVFXORQHUYRDVH
E. 6HSDUSHULRVWXOGHPXFKL
4.
,PSRUWDQDIXQFLRQDODvQFUXFLULORUPXVFXODUHFRQVWvQ
A. Mrirea randamentului muscular
B. AsigXUDUHDLQWHJULWDWLLPRUIRIXQFWLRQDOHDPXFKLORUGLQGLIHULWH
segmente
C. Consolidarea flexorilor si extensorilor
D. (IHFWXDUHDPLFULORUILQHLDUPRQLRDVH
E. Asigurarea PLFrilRUGHURWDie
5.
RetinacuOHOHLWHFLle sinoviale ale tendoanelor :

A. Retinaculele VXQWvQJURULILEURDVHDOHIDVFLLORUGHvQYHOLVXEIRUPGH
SDQJOLF
B. RetinacuOHOHPHQLQWHQGRDQHOHaproape de oase.
C. 7HFLOHVLQRYLDOHIDYRUL]HD]DOXQHFDUHa tendoanelor n interiorul
canalelor osteofibroase.
D. 7HDFDVLQRYLDOSUH]LQWXQWXEFLOLQGULFIRUPDWGLQGRXIRLH
E. Teci sinoviale DXWHQGRDQHOHWXWXURUPXFKLORU
6.
7.
Bursele sinoviale :
$6HIRUPHD]ODQLYHOXOWHQGRDQHORULPXFKLORUvQORFXULle unde
DFHWHDVunt expuL presiunii.
B. Sunt subcutanate, subfasciaOHVXEWHQGLQRDVHLVXEPXVFXODUH
&QXQHOHFD]XULFRPXQLFFXFDYLWDWHDDUWLFXODU
'/DFRSLLLEWUkQLOLSVHVF
(QWRWGHDXQDFRPXQLFFXFDYLWDWHDDUWLFXODLHLDSURSLDWH
3URSULHWLOHIL]LFHDOHPXFKLlor scheletici:
A. Elasticitatea
B. Extensibilitatea
C. Conductibilitatea
D. Contractilitatea
E. Tonicitatea
0XFKLLWUXQFKLXOXL
8.
0XFKLLWRUDFHOXL
A. 6HGLVWLQJPXFKLGHULYDLGLQSULPRUGLXOPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRULPXFKLDXWRhtoni.
B. Diafragma deriv GLQSRULXQLOHYentrale ale miotomilor cervicali.
C. 0XFKLLproprii ai WRUDFHOXLLai membrelor superioare FXLQVHULHSHWRUDFHVXQW
respiratori.
D. 0XFKLLDXWRKWRQLUHDOL]HD]PLFDUHDGHLQVSLUDLH
E. Contribuie la PHQLQHUea SR]LLHL verticale a corpului.
225
223
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
224
0XFKLXOSHFWRUDOPDUH:
A. Const GLQSRULXQLFODYLFXODUVWHUQDOLFRVWDO
B. 3RULXQLOHOXLFRQYHUJVSUHXQWHQGRQFRPXQ
C. Se iQVHUSHWXEHUFXOXOPDUHDl humerusului.
D. Marginea OXLVXSHURODWHUDOvPSUHXQFXGHOWoidul delimiteD]IRVD0RKUHQKHLP
E. AvkQGSXQFWIL[SHWRUDFHDGGXFHLURWHWHEUDXOvQDIDU
0XFKLXOSHFWRUDOPLF:
A. 3RUQHWHGHODFDUWLODMHOHFRDVWHORU,,,-V.
B. Se iQVHUSHDSRIL]DFRUDFRLGDVFDSXOHL
C. Marginea lui VXSHURPHGLDOVHFRQWLQXFXPVXEFODYLFXODU
D. &kQGSXQFWXOIL[HVWHSHWRUDFHWUDJHXPUXOvQVXVLvQDLQWH
E. QWUHWHQGRQXOOXLLDSRIL]a FRUDFRLGVHDIOREXUVVLQRYLDO
0XFKLXOGLQDWDQWHULRU :
A. Este tetragonal.
B. 6HvQWLQGHGHODSULPHOHFRDVWHSkQODPDUJLQHDPHGLDODVFDSXOHL
C. FaDVXSHUILFLDODSRULXQLLLQIHULRDUHIRUPHD]SHUHWHOHPHGLDODOD[LOHL
D. QIXQFLHGHSXQFWXOIL[WUDJHVFDSXODODWHUDOLvQDLQWHVDXSDUWLFLSODUHVSLUDLH
E. (VWHXQPXFKLLQVSLUDWRU
0XFKLLSURSULLDLWRUDFHOXL:
A. 0DMRULWDWHDSDUWLFLSvQDFWXOGHH[SLUDLH
B. 0XFKLLLQWHUFRVWDOLH[WHUQLRFXSVSDLXOLQWHUFRVWDOGHODWXEHUFXOXOFRDVWHORUSkQOD
stern.
C. 0XFKLLLQWHUFRVWDOLLQWHUQLVHDIOvQVSDLXOLQWHUFRVWDOGHODVWHUQLSRULXQLOHRVRDVH
ale coastelor falsHSkQODXQJKLXULOHFRDVWHORU
D. 0XFKLLVXEFRVWDOLSRUQHVFGLQDSURSLHUHDXQJKLXULORUFRVWDOe LVHLQVHUSHIDDLQWHUQ
a coastelor supraiacente.
E. 0XFKLXOWUDQVYHUVDODOWRUDFHOXLVHDIOSHIDDLQWHUQDSHUHWHOXLSRVWHULRUDOFXWLHL
toracice.
Diafragmul :
A. )DDVXSHULRDU conve[IRUPHD]ED]DFDYLWLLWRUDFLFHLDUFHDLQIHULRDUFRQFDY
IRUPHD]SODIRQXOFDYLWLLDEGRPLQDOH
B. &XSRODGLDIUDJPHLSUH]LQWRGHSUHVLXQHFHQWUDOFRUeVSXQ]WRDUHLQLPLL
C. QGUHDSWDVHULGLFSkQODFRDVWD9LDUvQVWkQJD SkQODD,9-a.
D. 3RULXQHDPXVFXODURFXSSR]LLe SHULIHULF
E. 3R]LLDsa se VFKLPEvQIXQFLHGHVH[YkUVWSR]LLDFRUSXOXLLPLFULOH respiratorii.
F.
Diafragmul este constituit din SRULXQLOH
A. AEGRPLQDO
B. CRVWDO
C. TRUDFLF
D. SWHUQDO
E. LRPEDU
Centrul tendinRVDOGLDIUDJPXOXLSUH]LQW
A. Hiatul aortic
%6SDLXOVWHUQRFRVWDO
C. Orificiul venei cave inferioare
D. Hiatul esofagian
E. Trigonul lombocostal
225
16.
17.
18.
19.
)XQFLLOHGLDIUDJPXOXL :
A. 'HUHVSLUDLH
B. Contribuie ODFLUFXODLDVDQJYLQLOLPIDWLF
C. Particip la actul de GHJOXWLLH
D. Contribuie la motorica organelor abdominale.
E. Contribuie la vorbire.
0XFKLDXWRKWRQLDLWRUDFHOXLVXQW
$0GLQDWSRVWHULRULQIHULRU
B. Mm. intercostali interni si externi
C. M. supraspinos
D. M. subcostali
E. M. transvers al toracelui
Fasciile toracelui:
A. )DVFLDWRUDFLFVXSHUILFLDOHVWHELQHGH]YROWDWLWULPLWHVHSWXUi n interiorul glandei
mamare.
B. )RLHOHIDVFLHLSHFWRUDOHFXSULQGPSHFWRUDOPDUH
C. 3RULXQHDVXSHULRDUPDLJURDVDIRLHLSURIXQGHDIDVFLHLSHFWRrale constituie fascia
FODYLSHFWRUDO
D. )DVFLDSHFWRUDOIRUPHD]OLJDPHQWHOHVXVSHQVRDUHDOHJODQGHLPDPDUH
E. &RDVWHOHLPXFKLLLQWHUFRVWDOLVXQWWDSHWDLGLQH[WHULRUFXIDVFLDWRUDFLFSURSULHGLQ
interior FXIDVFLDHQGRWRUDFLF
0XFKLLVSDWHOXi :
A. 2FXSWRDWVXSUDIDDGRUVDODWUXQFKLXOXLGHODUHJLXQHDVDFUDOLFUHVWHOHLOLDFHSkQOD
baza craniului.
B. 0XFKLLVXSHUILFLDOLaXLQVHULDSHVFKHOHWXOPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRULSHFRDVWH
C. 0XFKLLVXSHUILFLDOLVXQWDXWRKWRQL
D. 0XFKLLSURIXQ]LIRUPHD]GRXVWUDWXUL
E. 0XFKLLSURIXQ]LVHvPSDUWvQDXWRKWRQLLGHRULJLQHYHQWUDO
20.
2ULJLQHDPXFKLXOXLWUDSH]:
A. /LQLDQXFDOLQIHULRDU
B. &UHDVWDRFFLSLWDOH[WHUQ
C. Ligamentul nucal.
D. Apofizele spinoase ale vertebrelor C7-T12.
E. Ligamentul supraspinos din segmentul toracic al coloanei vertebrale.
21.
$FLXQHD PXFKLXOXLWUDSH]VHUH]XPOD
$$GGXFLDEUDXOXL
B. ApropiereDVFDSXOHLGHFRORDQDYHUWHEUDO
C. Ridicarea scapulei
D. Coborrea scapulei
(([WHQVLDSRULXQLLFHUYLFDOHDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
22.
0XFKLLURPERL]LPDUHVLPLFLi iau originea de pe :

A. Apofizele transversale ale vertebrelor C VI-VII, Th I-V
B. Ligamentele nucal si supraspinos
C. Apofizele spinoase ale vertebrelor C VII - Th I-V
D. Ligamentul interspinos
E. Protuberana occipital extern
226
225
23.
2ULJLQHDPXFKLXOXLmare dorsal :
A. )DDH[WHUQDFHORU-4 coaste inferioare.
B. Apofizele spinoase ale ultimelor 2 vertebre toracice.
C. Apofizele spinoase ale vertebrelor lombare.
D. &UHDVWDVDFUDOODWHUDO
E. %X]DLQWHUQDFUHVWHLLOLDFH
24.
AFLXQHDPXFKLXOXLGRUVDOPDUHVHUH]XPOD
$$GGXFLDEUDXOXL
%)OH[LDEUDXOXL
&6XSLQDLDEUDXOXL
'5RWLUHDEUDXOXLVSUHLQIHULRU
(([WHQVLDLQDUWLFXODLDXPUXOXL
25.
0XFKLXOULGLFWRUDOVFDSXOHL:
A. Are form WULXQJKLXODU
B. 3RUQHWHGHODapofizele transversale ale ultimelor 4-5 vertebre cervicale.
C. (VWHDQWDJRQLVWXOSRULXQLLVXSHULRDUHDPWUDSH]
D. Se iQVHUSHPDUJLQHDPHGLDODVFDSXOHL
E. Cnd punctul fix e pe scapul vQFOLQFRORDQDYHUWHEUDOspre partea sa.
26.
0XFKLXOHUHFWRUVSLnae :
A. 5HSUH]LQWXQFRPSOH[PXVFXODUORFDOL]DWvQDQXOFRVWRYHUWHEUDO
B. /HDJED]LQXOGHWRUDFHLFRORDQDYHUWHEUDOSRULXQLOHFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHvQWUHHOHL
FUDQLXOGHFRORDQDYHUWHEUDO
C. 0XFKLLlui FRPSRQHQLVHFRQWRSHVFvQSDUWHDVXSHULRDUvQWU-RPDVFRPXQ
D. 5HSUH]LQWPXVFXODWXUDDXWRKWRQDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
E. $VLJXUPHQLQHUHDSR]LLHLYHUWLFDOHDFRUSXOXL
27.
)XQFLLOHPXFKLORUVSDWHOXL:
$0PURPERL]LULGLFDGGXFLURWHVFVFDSXOD
%0GLQDWSRVWHULRUHVWHH[SLUDWRU
C. n coQWUDFLHVLPXOWDQPXFKLLGLQDLSRVWHULRULGHYLQLQVSLUDWRUL
'0VSOHQLXVDOFDSXOXLvQFRQWUDFLHXQLODWHUDOSURYRDF URWDLDKHWHURODWHUDOD
capului.
(0OXQJGRUVDOUHDOL]HD]H[WHQVLDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOHLvQFOLQDUHDHLODWHUDO
Fasciile spatelui:
A. Sunt 3QXFDOWRUDFRORPEDULLQWHUPHGLDUDGLQDLORU
B. )DVFLDWRUDFRORPEDUHVWHVLWXDWvQUHJLXQHDORPEDULWRUDFLFLQIHULRDU
C. $SRQHXUR]DLQWHUPHGLDUDGLQDLORUVHvQVHUPHGLDOSHDSRIL]HOHWUDQVYHUVDOHDOH
vertebrelor, lateral pe coaste.
D. )DVFLDQXFDOHVWHIDVFLDPVSOHQLX
E. )DVFLDQXFDOVHFRQWLQXODWHUDOFXIDVFLDVXSHUILFLDODJtului.
Fascia WRUDFRORPEDU:
A. $FRSHUPXFKLLVXSHUILFLDOLDLVSDWHOXL
B. La diferite niveluri HVWHGH]YROWDWXQLIRUP
C. (VWHUHSUH]HQWDWGH GRXIRLHFDUHIRUPHD]WHDF pentru m.erector spinae.
D. 3HPDUJLQHDODWHUDODPEHOHIRLHGHYLQFRDOHVFHQWH
E. )RLDSURIXQGVHSDUPHUHFWRUVSLQDHGH m.patrat lombar.
28.
29.
226
227
30.
31.
0XFKLLDEGRPHQXOXL:
A. 3HUHWHOHDQWHURODWHUDOHVWHIRUPDWGLQPXFKLDXWRKWRQL
B. FiecDUHPXFKLODWDUHSRULXQHPXVFXODULDSRQHXUR]
C. 3DUWLFLSla LQVSLUDLH
D. Contribuie la fixarea organelor interne.
E. $XDFLXQHDVXSUDFRORDQHLYHUWHEUDOH
0XFKLXOREOLFH[WHUQDODEGRPHQXOXL:
A. 3RUQHWHGHSHIDDH[WHUQDXOWLPLORU-8 coaste.
B. Fasciculele OXLSRVWHULRDUHDXSR]LLH DSURDSHYHUWLFDOLVHiQVHUSHEX]DLQWHUQD
crestei iliace.
C. 'LQLLOXLVHLQWHUFDOHD]FXGLQLLPGLQDWDQWHULRULDi m. mare dorsal.
D. /LJDPHQWXOLQJKLQDOVHUDFRUGHD]vQWUHVSLQDLOLDFLQIHULRDULWXEHUFXOXl pubian.
E. /DQLYHOXOLQVHULHLSHRVul pubian aponeuroza lui IRUPHD]GRLSHGXQFXOLVXSHULRUL
inferior.
32.
0XFKLXOREOLFLQWHUQDODEGRPHQXOXL:
A. 'LIHUGHFHOH[WHUQSULQVLWXDLHGLPHQVLXQLLGLUHFLDfasciculelor.
B. i ia originea de la coastele iQIHULRDUHIDVFLDWRUDFRORPEDUFUHDVWDLOLRQXOXLVSLQD
LOLDFDQWHURVXSHULRDULSRULXQHDODWHUDODOLJDPHQWXOXLLQJKLQDO
C. Fasciculele SRVWHURVXSHULRDUHWUHFGHMRVvQVXVLVHiQVHUSHFDUWLODMHOHFRDVWHORU
inferioare.
D. Aponeuroza lui se mparte n GRXIRLHFHFXSULQGPGUHSWDEGRPLQDOSHWRDWvQWLQGHUHD
lui.
E. )DVFLFXOHOHLQIHULRDUHvPSUHXQFXFHOHGHYLDWHGHODPREOLFH[WHUQIRUPHD]POHYDWRU
al testiculului.
33.
0XFKLXOWUDQVYHUV al abdomenului:
A. Este compus dintr-RSDUWHPXVFXODULGRXDSRQHXURWLFHDQWHULRDULSRVWHULRDU
B. 3RUQHWHGHODFRDVWHOHLQIHULRDUHIDVFLDWRUDFRORPEDUFUHDVWDLOLRQXOXLLSRULXQHD
ODWHUDODOLJDPHQWXOXLLQJKLQDO
C. /DPDUJLQHDODWHUDODPGUHSWDEGRPLQDODSRQHXUR]DOXLVHvPSDUWHvQGRXIRLH
D. 2/3 superiRDUHDOHDSRQHXUR]HLvPSUHXQFXIRLDSRVWHULRDUDDSRQHXUR]HLREOLFXOXL
LQWHUQIRUPHD]ODPDSRVWHULRDUDWHFLLPGUHSWDEGRPLQDO
E. /LQLDFRQYH[GHWUHFHUHa fibrelor musculare n ceOHDSRQHXURWLFHVHQXPHWHOLQLH
DUFXDW
34.
0XFKLXOGUHSWDEGRPLQal:
A. LLDRULJLQHa GHSHFUHDVWDSXELDQLGHSHVLPIL]DSXELDQ
B. Se iQVHUSHIDDLQWHUQD[LIRLGXOXLLIHHOHLQWHUQHDOHFDUWLODMHORUFRVWDOH9-VII.
C. &HLGRLGUHSLDEGRPLQDOLVXQWVHSDUDLSULQWU-XQUDIHXWHQGLQRVQXPLWOLQLDVHPLOXQDU
D. Este cuprins n teaca m.drept abdominal.
E. )DDOXLSRVWHULRDUDGHULQWLPODWHDF.
35.
7HDFDPXFKLXOXLUHFWDEGRPLQDOHVWHIRUPDWGLQ
A. M. oblic abdominal intern
%/LQLDDOE
&/DPHOHOHDSRQHXUR]HLPXFKLXOXLREOLFDEGRPLQDOLQWHUQ
D. Aponeuroza m. oblic abdominal extern
($SRQHXUR]DPXFKLXOXLWUDQVYHUVDEGRPLQDO
228
227
36.
37.
Canalul inghinal:
A. 3HUHWHOHLQIHULRUUHSUH]LQWPDUJLQHDLQIHULRDUDDSRQHXUR]HLPREOLFLQWHUQ
B. Peretele posterior, format de fascia transvers HVWHvQWULWGHOLJ,QWHUIRYHRODU
Hesselbach, lig. rHIOH[OLJ+HQOHLWHQGRQXOFRQMXQFW
C. 7HQGRQXOFRQMXQFWVHORFDOL]HD]vQSDUWHDODWHUDODSHUHWHOXLVXSHULRUDOFDQDOXOXL
inghinal.
D. Inelul inghinal superficial este delimitat de stlpii aponeurozei oblicului extern, fibrele
LQWHUFUXUDOHLOLJUeflex.
E. &DQDOXOLQJKLQDOODIHPHLHVWHPDLVFXUWLPDLODUJ
Inelele inghinale:
A. Localizarea inelului profund corespunde fosei inghinale mediale.
B. La femei sunt mai largi.
C. La nivelul inelului profund are loc trecerea fasciei transversale n fascia spermDWLF
LQWHUQ
D. /DEUEDLODQLYHOXOLQHOXOXLVXSHUILFLDOGHVHRULVHDIOREXOJUVRDV
E. Posterior, inelul superficial este format din fibrele ligamentului reflex, provenite din
DSRQHXUR]DREOLFXOXLH[WHUQGLQSDUWHDRSXV
38.
Fosele inghinale:
A. Sunt 6 GHSUHVLXQLGHWHUPLQDWHGHSUH]HQDXQRUSOLFLSHULWRQHDOH
B. 3OLFDXPELOLFDOPHGLDQVHvQWLQGHGHODXPELOLFODYkUIXOYH]LFLLXULQDUH
C. )RVDVXSUDYH]LFDOFRUVSXQGHLQHOXOXLLQJKLQDOVXSHUILFLDO
D. )RVDLQJKLQDOODWHUDOHVWHGHOLPLWDWGHSOLFele ombiliFDOHPHGLDOHLODWHUDOH
E. )RVDLQJKLQDOPHGLDOUVSXQGHSHUHWHOXLSRVWHULRUDOFDQDOXOXLLQJKLQDO
39.
Fasciile abdomenului:
A. )DVFLDVXSHUILFLDOHVWHGH]YROWDWPDLELQHvQSRULXQLOHHLVXSHULRDUH
B. )DVFLDSURSULHIRUPHD]IRLHFHDPDLGH]YROWDWGLQHOHWDSHWHD]PREOLFLQWHUQ
C. )RLDVXSHUILFLDODIDVFLHLSURSULLVHSUHOXQJHWHvQIDVFLDPOHYDWRUDOWHVWLFXOXOXL
D. )DVFLDWUDQVYHUVDOHVWHRSRULXQHDIDVFLHLHQGRDEGRPLQDOH
E. )DVFLDWUDQVYHUVDOHVWHIRUWLILFDWvQSRULXQHa LQIHULRDUDOLQLHLDObe de fibre
longitudinale.
40.Triunghiul lombocostal
41. Tetragonul Grynfelt
426SDLXOdintre fasciculele sternale ale
diafragmului
43. Triunghiul sternocostal
44/LQLDVHPLOXQDU
45+LDWXODRUWLFGXSGHDQL
46.Triunghiul Petit
47)DVFLDWUDQVYHUVDOdiQWUHOLJ+HQOHL
lig. interfoveolar
48. Triunghiul Volnski
49/LQLDDUFXDW
228
Locuri slabe ale diafragmului

Locuri slabe ale peretelui
abdominal anterior
Locuri slabe ale peretelui
abdominal posterior
229
0XFKLLPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU
I. 6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWHDUJXPHQWDLUVSXQVXULOH
50.
*UXSXOPXFKLORUFHQWXULLVFDSXODUHLQFOXGH
A. M. levator al scapulei
B. M. supraspinos
C. M. deltoid
D. M. pectoral mic
E. M. subscapular
51.
Originea m. deltoid:
A. 7UHLPHDODWHUDODFODYLFXOHL
B. Colul chirurgical al humerusului
C. Acromionul
D. Spina scapulei
E. Unghiul superior al scapulei
0XFKLXOVXEVFDSXODU
A. 2FXSIRVDVXEVFDSXODU
B. 7UHFHSRVWHULRUGHFDSVXODDUWLFXODLHLVFDSXORKXPHUDOH
C. 7HQGRQXOOXLHVWHVHSDUDWGHFDSVXODDUWLFXODLHLXPUXOXLSULQWU-REXUV
D. Este antagonistul m.supraspinos.
E. 7HQGRQXOOXLDGHUVWUkQVODFDSVXODDUWLFXODLHLXPUXOXL
PHUHWHOHSRVWHULRUDOFDYLWDLLD[LODUHHVWHFRQVWLWXLWGLQ
A. M. trapez
B. M. marele dorsal
C.M. infraspinos
D.M. subscapular
E.M. rotund mare
52.
53.
54.
3HUHWHOHPHGLDODOFDYLWLLD[LODUHHVWHIRUPDWGH
$0GLQDWPHGLDO
%0GLQDWSRVWHULRULQIHULRU
&0GLQDWDQWHULRU
D. M. romboid mare
(0GLQDWSRVWHULRUVXSHULRU
55.
3HUHWHOHDQWHULRUDOFDYLWDLLD[LODUHHVWHFRQVWLWXLWGLQ
A.M. deltoid
B.M. pectoral mare
C.M. pectoral anterior
D.M. pectoral mic
E.M. biceps brahial
56.
Peretele lateral aOFDYLWDLLD[LODUHHVWHFRQVWLWXLWGLQ

A.M. triceps brahial
B.M. pectoral mic
C.M. biceps brahial
'0GLQDWDQWHULRU
E.M. coracobrahial
230
229
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
230
Orificiul trilater este delimitat de :

A. Tendonul capului lung al muchiului biceps brahial
B. Tendonul capulXLOXQJDOPXchiului triceps brahial
C. M. rotund mare
D. M. infraspinos
E.M. subscapular
Orificiul patrulater este delimitat de :
A.Tendonul capului lung al m. biceps brahial
B. Humerus
C.M. infraspinos
D.M. subscapular
E.M. rotund mare
Pe perHWHOHDQWHULRUDOFDYLWDLLD[LODUHVHGLVWLQJ
A. Trigonul omoclavicular
B. Trigonul clavipectoral
C. Trigonul deltoideopectoral
D. Trigonul suprapectoral
E. Trigonul subpectoral
)XQFLLOHPXFKLORUDQWHULRULDLEUDXOXLVHUH]XPOD
A. Extensia n DUWLFXODLDXPUXOXL
%)OH[LDvQDUWLFXODLDFRWXOXL
&$EGXFLDvQDUWLFXODLDXPUXOXL
')OH[LDDQWHULRDUDEUDXOXL
(5RWLUHDEUDXOXL
0XFKLLJUXSXOXLSRVWHULRUDOEUDXOXLHIHFWXHD]
$$GGXFLDEUDXOXL
%([WHQVLDvQDUWLFXODLDXPUXOXL
C.$QWHIOH[LDEUDXOXL
'([WHQVLDvQDUWLFXODLDFRWXOXL
()OH[LDvQDUWLFXODLDFRWXOXL
)RVDFXELWDOHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH
A.M. coracobrahial
B.M. brahial
C.M. brahioradial
D.M. supinator
E.M. pronator patrat
DQXOFXELWDODQWHULRUODWHUDOHVWHGHlimitat de :
A. M. biceps brahial
B.M. brahial
C.M. triceps brahial
D.M. brahioradial
E.M. pronator rotund
DQul cubital anterior medial este delimitat de :
A.M. coracobrahial
B.M. brahial
C.M. supinator
D.M. brahioradial
E.M. pronator rotund
231
65.
aQXOUDGLDOHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH
A.M. flexor superficial al degetelor
B.M. flexor ulnar al carpului
C.M. flexor radial al carpului
D.M. palmar lung
E.M. brahioradial
66.
DQXOPHGLDQHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH
A.M. flexor profund al degetelor
B.M. palmar lung
C.M. flexor radial al carpului
D.M. flexor ulnar al carpului
E.M. flexor superficial al degetelor
67.
DQXOXOQDUHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH
A.M. flexor lung al policelui
B.M. flexor profund al policelui
C.M. flexor ulnar al carpului
D.M. pronator patrat
E.M. flexor superficial al degetelor
Sub retinaculul extensoriloULQUHJLXQHDFDUSLDQVHDIO
A. Canale pentru nervi
B. Spaii pentru artere
C. Teci sinoviale pentru tendoanele muchilor lungi ai antebratului
D. Burse sinoviale
E. Teci fibroase pentru vaVHOLPIDWLFHLYHQH
68.
69.
0XFKLLPiQLLHPLQHQa tenar
A. 6HGLVWLQJPXFKLLSDOPDULGRUVDOLLLQWHURVRL
B. 0XFKLLHPLQHQHLWHQDUHVXQWVLWXDL n trei planuri.
C. &HOPDLSURIXQGPXFKLGLQJUXSXOWHQDUHVWHPRSR]DQWDOSROLFHOXOXL
D. 7RLPXFKLLHPLQHQHLWHQDUHFXH[FHSLDFHOXLDGGXFWRUDOSROLFHOXOXLLDXRULJLQH
pe rndul proximal al oaselor carpiene.
E. M.opozant al policelului se iQVHUSHSULPXORVPHWDFDUSLDQ
70.
0XFKLLHPLQHQHLKLSRWHQDUH:
A. 6XQWvQQXPUGHSDWUX
B. M.palmar scurt este inconstant.
C. Cel mai superficial este opozantul degetului mic.
D. CXH[FHSLDSDOPDUului VFXUWvLLDXRULJLQHa de pe retinaculul flexorilor, osul
SL]LIRUPLRVXOFXFkUOLJ
E. 7RLPXFKLLKLSRWHQDULVHiQVHUSHIDODQJDSUR[LPDODGHJHWXOXLPLF
71.
Fasciile membrului superior :

A. QUHJLXQHDXPUXOXLVHGLVWLQJIDVFLLOHVXSUDVFDSXODULVXEVFDSXODU
B. )DVFLDLQIUDVSLQRDVVHvPSDUWHvQIRLHFDUHvQYelesc deltoidul.
C. De la IDVFLDEUDKLDOSRUQHVFVHSWe LQWHUPXVFXODUHDQWHULRULSRVWHULRU
D. 3RULXQHDGLVWDODIDVFLHLDQWHEUDXOXLIRUPHD]UHWLQDFXOH
E. QUHJLXQHDDQWHEUDXOXLH[LVW GRXORMHPXVFXODUHDQWHULRDULSRVWHULRDU
232
231
72.
73.
74.
75.
)DVFLLOHLDSRQHXUR]HOHPkinii:
A. )DVFLDGRUVDOHVWHFXPXOWPDLVXELUHGHFWFHDSDOPDU
B. 6SDLXOGLQWUHHPLQHQHle WHQDULKLSRWHQDUHVWHRFXSDWGHDSRQHXUR]DSDOPDU
C. $SRQHXUR]DSDOPDUHVWHIRUPDWGLQILEUHORQJLWXGLQDOHLWUDQVYHUVDOH
D. /DED]DRDVHORUPHWDFDUSLHQHILEUHOHWUDQVYHUVDOHDOHDSRQHXUR]HLSDOPDUHIRUPHD]
lig.metacarpian superficial.
E. 'HODSRULXQLOHPHGLDOLODWHUDODOHIDVFLHLSDOPDUHSRUQHVFfascicule care se
iQVHUSHIDVFLDPXFKLORULQWHURVRL
Retinaculele membrului superior :
A. Retinaculul flexorilor VHH[WLQGHGHODRDVHOHSL]LIRUPLcel FXFkUOLJSkQODVFDIRLG
LWUDSH]RLG
B. Retinaculul flexorilor WUDQVIRUPDQXOFDUSDOvQFDQDOXOFDUSDO
C. Prin canalul carpal trec 2 teci sinoviale.
D. Fasciculele retinaculului flexorilor VHGHGXEOHD]ODWHUDOLPHGLDOIRUPkQGFDQDOHOH
UDGLDOLXOQDU ale carpului.
E. 6SDLXOVXEUHWLQDFXOXOH[WHQVRUilor este divizat n 4 canale.
Canalul caUSDOFRQLQHWHFLVLQRYLDOHSHQWUX
A. Tendonul m. flexor ulnar al carpului
B. THQGRDQHOHIOH[RULORUVXSHUILFLDOLSURIXQGDi degetelor
C. Tendonul m. flexor radial al carpului
D. Tendonul m. flexor lung al policelui
E. Tendonul abductorului lung al policelui
7RSRJUDILDEUDXOXL :
A. &DQDOXOQHUYXOXLUDGLDOVHDIOvQWUHKXPHUXVLELFHSVXOEUDKLDO
B. Orificiul de iQWUDUHDOFDQDOXOXLUDGLDOVHORFDOL]HD]GLQSDUWHDPHGLDODEUDXOXL
ntre treimile lui superLRDULPHGLH
C. Limitele orificiului de intrare n canalul radial sunt formate de humerus, capul medial
LFHOODWHUDODOWULFHSVXOXLEUDKLDO
D. Prin canalul nervului UDGLDOWUHFQHUYXOUDGLDODUWHUDLYHQDRPRQLPH
E. DQXULOHELFLSLWDOHVHSDUUHJLXQHDDQWHULRDUDEUDXOXLGHFHDSRVWHULRDU
$VRFLDLQRLXQLOHGLQFRORDQDQXPHULFFXFHOHGLQFRORDQDDOIDEHWLF
76. M.deltoid
0HQLQe capul humeral n
77. M.subscapular
cavitatea gleQRLG
78. M.supaspinos
RotHWH EUDXOvQXQWUX
79. M.rotund mare
Abduce EUDXO
80. M.rotund mic
RotHWH EUDXOvQDIDU
81. M.infraspinos
82. M.deltoid
83. M. coracobrahial
$GHUODFDSVXODDUWLFXODUD
84. M.subscapular
XPUXOXL
85. M.brahial
$GHUODFDSVXODDUWLFXODUD
86. M.biceps brahial
cotului.
87. M.supaspinos
Nu DGHUODFDSVXOHOHDUWLFXODUH
88. M.rotund mare
89. M.triceps brahial
90. M.rotund mic
91. M.infraspinos
232
233
0XFKLL membrului inferior
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
,6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWHDUJXPHQWDLUVSXQVXrile.
0XFKLLED]LQXOXL:
A. 6XQWIOH[RULH[WHQVRULURWDWRULDEGXFWRULLDGGXFWRULDLcoapsei.
B. )RUPHD]vQMXUXODUWLFXODLHLFR[RIHPXUDOHFHDPDLSXWHUQLFDJORPHUDUH
PXVFXODUDFRUSXOXL
C. Sunt biarticulari.
D. 6HFODVLILFvQPHGLDOLLODWHrali.
E. Se iQVHUSHHSLIL]DSUR[LPDODIHPXUXOXL
Fasciile bazinului:
0SVRDVHVWHDFRSHULWGHIDVFLDORPEDU
B. )DVFLDLOLDFUHSUH]LQWFRQWLQXDUHDIDVFLHLORPEDUH
C. 3RULXQHDODWHUDODIDVFLHLODWHVHvQGHSUWHD]GHOLJLQJKLQDOIRUPnd arcul
iliopectineu.
D. )DVFLDJOXWHDOVHSDUPPJOXWHLGHDOLPXFKLH[WHUQLDi bazinului.
E. 'LVWDOIDVFLDJOXWHDOse FRQWLQXvQIDVFLDODWDFRDSVHL
Prin orificiul sciatic mare trece :
A.M. obturator intern
B.M. obturator extern
C.M. gluteu mic
D.M. piriform
E.M. iliopsoas
Prin orificiul sciatic mic trece :
A.M. piriform
B.M. obturator intern
C.M. obturator extern
D.Mm. gemeni
E. M. psoas mic
Canalul obturator este delimitat de:
M.obturator extern
B. M.pectineu
C. Orificiul obturator
D. DQWXOREWXUDWRU
E. M.obturator intern
97.
Lacuna vascular VHVHSDUGHFHDPXVFXODUSULQ

A.Lig. lacunar
B.Lig. inghinal
C.Lig. reflex
D.Arcul iliopectineu
()DVFLDWUDQVYHUV
98
0XFKLLDQWHULRULDi coapsei:
A. Sunt uniartuculari
B. )OHFWHD]FRDSVDLJDPED
C. Sunt cei mai lungi din corpul omului
D. )RUPHD]un tendon comun.
E. M.cvadriceps se iQVHUSHURWXO.
234
233
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
234
0XFKLLSRVWHULRULDi coapsei:
A. Sunt extensori ai coapsei.
B. )OHFWHD]JDPED
C. Au origine pe osul iliac.
D. 0ELFHSVDOIHPXUXOXLLPVHPLWHQGLQRV VXQWURWDWRULVLQHUJLWLDi gambei.
E. 7RLSDUWLFLSla formarea pes anserinus profundus.
0XFKLLPHGLDOLDi coapsei:
A. 7RLVXQWDGGXFWRULDi coapsei.
B. 7RLVHiQVHUSHOLQLDDVSHUDIHPRULV
C. LLDXRULJLQHa de pe osul pubis.
D. 0JUDLRVSDUWLFLSla formarea pes anserinus superficialis.
E. 0SHFWLQHXSDUWLFLSODIOH[LDLDEGXFHUHDFRDSVHL
)DVFLDODW:
A. 3RULXQHDHLSRVWHULRDUare un caracter tendinos.
B. QSRULXQHDDQWHURVXSHULRDUVHvPSDUWHvQGRXIRLH
C. /DPHODSURIXQGHVWHSHUIRUDWGHKLDWXOVDfen.
D. )RUPHD]WHFLSHQWUXFYDGULFHSVLDGGXFWRUXOPDUH
E. 3RULXQHDei ODWHUDOVHQXPHWHWUDFWLOLRWLELDO
Canalul adductor este delimitat de :
A.M. adductor mic
B.M. adductor mare
C.M. adductor lung
D.M. vast medial
E.M. vast lateral
Canalului femuropopliteu i se disting:
A. 2 perei
%SHUHi
C. 2 orificii
D. 3 orificii
E. 2 fisuri
Triunghiul femural este delimitat de:
A. M.pectineu
B. M.croitor
C. M.adductor mare
D. Lig.inghinal
E. M.adductor lung
n triunghiul femural se deschid :
A. Canalul inghinal
B. Canalul femural
C. Canalul obturator
D. Canalul adductor
E. Canalul cruropopliteu
LacunDPXVFXODUHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH
A. M. iliopsoas
B. M. croitor
C. Osul coxal
D. Lig. lacunar
E. Arcul iliopectineu
235
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
LacunDYDVFXODUHVWHGHOLPLWDWGe :
A. Vena femural
B. M. psoas mare
C. Lig. inghinal
D. Lig. pectineal
E. Arcul iliopectineu
Inelul femural este delimitat de :
A. Arcul iliopectineu
B. Lig. inghinal
C. Artera femural
D. Lig. lacunar
E. Lig. pectineal
Canalul femural are:
A. 2 perei
%SHUHi
&SHUHi
D. 2 inele
E. 1 sept
FoVDSRSOLWHHHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH
A. M. plantar
B. M. gastrocnemian
C. M. biceps al coapsei
D. M. soleu
E. M. semimembranos
0XFKLLJDPEHL:
A. 6XQWJUXSDLVLPHWULFvQMXUXORDVHORU
B. 6XQWVLWXDi n 3 loje separate.
C. 0DMRULWDWHDWHQGRDQHORUORUvLVFKLPEGLUHFLD
D. 0XFKLLJUXSXOXLDQWHULRUVXQWH[WHQVRUL ai gambei.
E. n majoritatea lor sunt multiarticulari.
3HURQLHUXODOWUHLOHDUHSUH]LQWRSRULXQHDPXFKLXOXL
A. Tibial anterior
B. Peronier lung
C. Tibial posterior
D. Peronier scurt
E. Extensor lung al degetelor
&RPSRQHQWHOHODQXOXLDQWLJUDYLWDLRQDO:
A. M.iliac
B. M.gluteu mare
C. M.popliteu
D. M.triceps sural
E. M.cvadriceps al coapsei
Fascia gambei:
A. &RQFUHWHFXFUHDVWDDQWHULRDULIDDPHGLDODWLELHi.
B. Trimite 2 septe intermusculare: medial LODWHUDO
C. )RUPHD]UHWLQDFXOHDOIOH[RULORULDOH[WHQVRULORU
D. /DPHODHLSURIXQGVHSDUPJDVWURFQHPLDQGHFHOVROHar.
E. 6SDLXOdintre tendonul lui $KLOHLODPHODSURIXQGDIDVFLHLFRQLQHHVXW celuloadipos.
236
235
115
Retinaculele, formate de fascia crural

A. Retinaculul extensorilor LFHOal flexorilor au cWHGRXSRULXQLVXSHULRDULLQIHULRDU
B. Sub retinaculul flexorilor VHIRUPHD]GRXcanale osteofibroase.
C. 9DVHOHWLELDOHSRVWHULRDUHLQHUYXOWLELDOWrec printr-o WHDF VHSDUDW
D. 3RVWHULRUGHPDOHRODODWHUDOVHIRUPHD]GRXUHWLQDFXOHSHURQLHUH
E. Sub retinaculul inferior aOH[WHQVRULORUVHDIOFDQDOHRVWHRILEURDVH
116
Canalul musculoperonier superior este format de :

A.Tibie
%)LEXO
C.M. solear
D.M. peronier lung
E.M. flexor lung al halucelui
Canalul musculoperonier inferior este format de :
A.M. tibial posterior
%)LEXO
C.M. flexor lung al halucelui
D.M. peronier lung
(0SHURQHXVWHULXV
117
118
Canalul cruropopliteu este format de :

A.Tibie
B.M. tibial anterior
C.M. gastrocnemian
D.M. solear
E.M. tibial posterior
0XFKLLFRDSVHL:
119. Semimembranos
120. Cvadriceps
121.Biceps femural
122. Semitendinos
123. Pectinat
124. *UDLRV
125. Croitor
126. Adductor mare
0XFKLLED]LQXOXL:
127. Gluteu mare
128. Piriform
129. Obturator intern
130. Gluteu mediu
131. Patrat al femurului
132. Gemeni
133. Obturator extern
134. Iliopsoas
135. Tensor al fasciei late
236
Grup muscular :
A. Medial
B. Anterior
C. Posterior
$FLXQHD:
A. Flexia coapsei
B. Extensia coapsei
C. $EGXFLDFRDSVHL
D. $GGXFLDFRDSVHL
E. 5RWDLDcoapsei vQXQWUX
F. 5RWDLDcoapsei vQDIDU
237
)RUPDLXQLWRSRJUDILFe :
136. Canalul Pirogov
137. Canalul femural
138. Canalul cruropopliteu
139. Hiatul safen
140. Canalul adductor
141. Triunghiul Scarpa
142.
Localizarea :
A. &RDSV
B. *DPE
C. Picior
0XFKLLFDSXOXLLJkWXOXL
,6HOHFWDLLQRWDLDILUPDLLOHFRUHFWHDUJXPHQWDLUVSXQVXULOH
&ODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORUFDSXOXL:
A. 0XFKLLSHQDi
%0XFKLLPLPLFL
&0XFKLLELYHQWHUL
'0XFKLLPDVWLFDWRUL
(0XFKLLDQWDJRQLWL
143.
,QVHULDPXFKLORUPLPLFL:
A. QIDVFLDVXSHUILFLDO
B. n aponeuroze
C. n piele
D. Pe ligamente
(3HWHQGRDQHOHPXFKLORUPDVWLFDWRUL
144.
,QVHULDPXFKLORUPDVWLFDWRUL:
$3HPD[LO
B. Pe osul occipital
&3HPDQGLEXO
D. Pe osul hioid
E. Pe osul temporal
0XFKLLFDSXOXLDFRSHULLGH fascii:
A. M.temporal
B. M.mental
C. M.buccinator
D. M.pterigoid lateral
E. M.maseter
&ODVLILFDUHDPXFKLORUJkWXOXL:
A. Muchi anteriori
%0Xchii superficiali
C. MXchi scuri
'0Xchi profunzi
(0Xchi fusiformi
145.
146.
147.
0XFKi superficiali ai gtului sunt :

A. Suprahioidienii
B. Scalenii
C. Sternocleidomastoidianul
D. M. lung al gtului
E. M. pielos al gtului
238
237
148.
149.
Triunghiul medial al gtului include triunghiurile :

A. Clavipectoral
B. Submandibular
C. Carotid
D. Omoclavicular
E. Omotraheal
*UXSXOPXFKLORUSURIunzi ai gtului include :
A. Muschii infrahioidieni
%0XVFKLLOXQJLDOFDSXOXLLDOJkWXOXL
C. Muschii scaleni
D. Muschiul digastric
E. Muschii drepi anterior si lateral
150.
Triunghiul lateral al gtului include :

A. Trigonul omohioidian
B. Trigonul omotrapezoidian
C. Trigonul clavipectoral
D. Trigonul omoclavicular
E. Trigonul omotraheal
151.
Spatii interfasciale ale gtului sunt :

A. Interscalen
B. Interaponeurotic suprasternal
C. Antescalen
D. Previsceral
E. Retrovisceral
6SDLXOLQWHUVFDOHQHVWHGHOLPLWDWGH:
A. M. sternocleidomastoidian LVFDOHQDQWHULRU
B. 0VFDOHQPHGLXLPOXQJDOJkWXOXL
C. 0PVFDOHQLDQWHULRULPHGLX
D. 0PVFDOHQLPHGLXLSRVWHULRU
E. 0VFDOHQSRVWHULRULPOXQJDOJkWXOXL
152.
238
239
Bibliografia UHFRPDQGDW
6XUVHGHED]
1. &DWHUHQLXF , WHIDQH 0 *ORED / /XSDFX 7 %DWkU ' 7LWRY 7 %ROGXPD '
&XOHJHUHGHVFKHPHODDQDWRPLDRPXOXL&KLLQX
2. /XSDFX 7 1RLXQL GH DQDWRPLH SH YLX SHQWUX OXFUULOH GH ODERUDWRU OD DQDWRPLD
aparatului locomotor (manuscris).
3. Papilian V. Anatomia omului, v. I, Aparatul locomotor%XFXUHWL
4. Sapin M. R. Anatomia omuluiY,&KLLQX
5. Sinelnicov R. D., Sinelnicov Ia. R. Atlas de anatomia omului, v. I (oricare ed.)
6. WHIDQH0. Anatomia omuluiY,&KLLQX
7. Materialele prelegerilor (conspect).
Surse suplimentare
Andronescu A. Anatomia copilului%XFXUHWL
Bordei P., Ulmeanu D. $QDWRPLDGHVFULSWLYDPHPEUXOXLVXSHULRU&RQVWDQD
Bordei P., Ulmeanu D. Anatomia descrLSWLYDPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRU&RQVWDQD
&HUEXOHVFX & ,IULP 0 0DUR 7 1LFXOHVFX *K. $WODV GH DQDWRPLH XPDQ. v. I,
%XFXUHWL
5. Diaconescu N., Rottenberg N., Niculescu V. 1RLXQL GH DQDWRPLH SUDFWLF 7LPLRDUD
1979.
6. Drake R. L. Vogl W., Mitchell A. W. M. Grays Anatomy for Students. Philadelphia.
Toronto, 2005.
7. Drake R. L. Vogl A.W., Mitchell A. W. M., Tibbitts R.M., Richardson P. E. Grays Atlas of
Anatomy. Elsevier, 2008.
8. Grays Anatomy, 39-th ed. Edinburgh... Toronto, 2005.
9. Grays Anatomy, 40-th ed. Edinburgh... Elsevier Limited, 2008.
10. Ifrim M., Niculescu Gh. Compendiu de anatomie%XFXUHWL
11. ,IULP0$QGULH9%UDWX'. Anatomia omului&KLLQX
12. Kahle W., Leonhardt H., Platzer W. Anatomie, apparel locomotor. v. I, Paris, 1982.
13. /kVHQNRY 1 . %XNRYLFL 9 , Prives M. G. 0DQXDO GH DQDWRPLH QRUPDO D RPXOXL.
&KLLQX
14. Lumley J. S. P. Surface Anatomy. Edinburgh... Toronto, 2002.
15. Moore K. L., Dalley A. F. Clinical oriented Anatomy. Philadelphia... Tokyo, 1999.
16. Niculescu V., IIULP0$QGULH91LFXOHVFX0&. $QDWRPLDFDSXOXLLJkWXOXL&KLLQX
2007.
17. WHIDQH0WHIDQH,&DWHUHQLXF, $QDWRPLDSUHYHQWLYY,&KLLQX
18. WHIDQH0WHIDQH, Anatomi SUHYHQWLY&KLLQX
19.
20. ,
21.
22.
1.
2.
3.
4.
240
239
CUPRINS
Lucrarea nr. 1...................................................................................................1

Lucrarea nr. 2...................................................................................................6
Lucrarea nr. 3...................................................................................................11
Lucrarea nr. 4...................................................................................................19
Lucrarea nr. 5...................................................................................................27
Lucrarea nr. 6...................................................................................................34
Lucrarea nr. 7...................................................................................................41
Lucrarea nr. 8...................................................................................................48
Lucrarea nr. 9...................................................................................................55
Lucrarea nr. 10.................................................................................................60
Lucrarea nr. 11.................................................................................................65
Lucrarea nr. 12.................................................................................................71
Lucrarea nr. 13.................................................................................................77
Lucrarea nr. 15.................................................................................................83
Lucrarea nr. 16.................................................................................................89
Lucrarea nr. 17.................................................................................................94
Lucrarea nr. 18.................................................................................................99
Lucrarea nr. 19.................................................................................................106
Lucrarea nr. 20.................................................................................................113
Lucrarea nr. 21.................................................................................................120
Lucrarea nr. 22.................................................................................................127
Lucrarea nr. 23.................................................................................................132
Lucrarea nr. 24.................................................................................................136
Lucrarea nr. 25.................................................................................................142
Lucrarea nr. 26.................................................................................................147
Lucrarea nr. 27.................................................................................................152
Lucrarea nr. 28.................................................................................................161
Lucrarea nr. 29.................................................................................................164
Lucrarea nr. 30.................................................................................................167
Lucrarea nr. 31.................................................................................................172
Anexa I. Chestionarul .....................................................................................176
Anexa II, Teste .................................................................................................190
%LEOLRJUDILDUHFRPDQGDW................................................................................239
240

ANATO Lucrări Practice

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

ANATO Lucrări Practice

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

I.

Ghid pentru autoinstruire

CZU: 611 (075.8)

Elementele de orientare ale corpului uman. Vrsta omului, sH[XO L

RVRDVH FDUWLODJLQRDVH PXVFXODUH FXWDQDWH 1RLXQL JHQHUDOH GHVSUH UHJLRQDOL]DUHD SULORU

Familiarizarea cu elementele de orientare ale corpului omenesc, limbajul

&XQRWLQHOH SULYLQG HOHPHQWHOH GH RULHQWDUH DOH FRUSXOXL XPDQ OLPEDMXO

3. (ODERUDLFODVLILFDrea elementelor de orientare ale corpului omenesc.

4. $GQRWDLLPDJLQHDGLQILJLQGLFDL SR]LLLOH SULOor de corp, marcate prin linii.

7. Pe imaginea din fig.3 LQGLFDLSODQXULOHLGLUHFLLOHPDUFDWHFXVJHLIRUPXODLGHILQLLL

10. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWHVXFFLQWHSULYLQG: a) limbajul anatomic; b) metodele de studiere a anatomiei

14. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUH SULYLQGFHOHVWXGLDWHRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLLORUDVXSUDWHPHL

&RQWUROXOUHDOL]ULLOXFUULL (aprecieri, sugestii, recomandDLL

)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULFHSHULORU L D GHSULQGHULORU vQ GRPHQLXO RVWHRORJLHL

3. 'HILQLL QRLXQHD GH VFKHOHW HQXPHUDL FRPSRQHQWHOH VFKHOHWXOXL D[LDO L D VFKHOHWXOXL

11. Din chestionar (Anexa 1) selectaLVXELHFWHOHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUDOHJHLGLQFRPSOHWXO

8. (QXPHUDL FDUDFWHUHOH GLVWLQFWLYH DOH YHUWHEUHL FHUYLFDOH VI L GHVFULHL LPSRUWDQD ORU

9. ,GHQWLILFDL YHUWHEUD UHSUH]HQWDW vQ ILJ DGQRWDL LPDJLQHD L LQGLFDL FDUDFWHUHOH

14. $GQRWDLILJQRWDLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLUHDIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSrin linii.

23. 'HQXPLLOLQLLOHRUizontale, trasate pe imaginea din fig. 10 A LQRWDLYHUWHEUHOHFDUHSRWIL

26. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWHVXFFLQWHla temele:

)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG VWUXFWXUD L GH]YROWDUHD RDVHORU WRUDFHOXL L D

4. 6HOHFWDLGLQFKHVWLRQDU &RQWUROXOFXQRWLQHORUSUDFWLFH VXELHFWHle, referitoare la tema nr. 4,

10. (QXPHUDLFDUDFWHUHOHSDUWLFXODUHDOHFRDVWHORUDWLSLFH ,,,;,;,, VSHFLILFHSHQWUXILHFDUH

27. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWLOHSULYLQGGHPRQVWUDUHDSUH]HQWDUHDRUDOVDXvQVFULs a celor studiate.

Scheletul membrului superior liber. Explorarea pe viu a oaselor membrului

10. (QXPHUDLHOHPHQWHOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOH UDGLXVXOXLLXOQHLSDOSDELOHSHYLX

Oasele centurii pelviene. Femurul.

Segmentele scheletului membrului inferior.

7. $GQRWDLILJFRPSOHWDLLPDJLQLOHFXGHQXPLUHDIRUPDLXQLORU, marcate prin linii.

9. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHelementelor descriptive, marcate prin linii.

,QRFXODUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH VWUXFWXUD GH]YROWDUHD DQRPDOLLOH VSHFLILFXO

11. $GQRWDLILJFRPSOHWDLLPDJLQHDFXWHUPHQLi respectivi.

22. Care ar fi concluziile privind materialele studiate?

Craniul JHQHUDOLWL FRPSRQHQWHOH L FRPSDUWLPHQWHOH OXL 2DVHOH FUDQLXOXL

QVXLUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH SDUWLFXODULWLOH VWUXFWXUDOH DOH RDVHORU FUDQLXOXL

4. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPagine craniul cerebral, craniul YLVFHUDOEROWDLED]DFUDQLXOXL

10. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHLGenumirile lor.

12. 5HSURGXFHLGLQ&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPHVFKHPD FHQWULORUGHRVLILFDUHDRFFLSLWDOXOXLQRWDL

16. (ODERUDLXQUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD3DUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHRaselor craniului.

Oasele craniului cerebral VIHQRLGXOLHWPRLGXO VWUXFWXUH[SORUDUHSHYLX

a. Osul sfenoid DH]DUHSULFRQVWLWXWLYHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO

)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG ORFDOL]DUHD vQ FUDQLX SR]LLD DQDWRPLF SULOH

18. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWDWHDGH DGHPRQVWUDLUHODWDFHOHVWXGLDWH

Osul temporal VWUXFWXULH[SORUDUHSHYLX

,QRFXODUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH ORFDOL]DUHD SULOH FRPSRQHQWH L VWUXFWXUD

3ULFHSHUHD PRUIRORJLHL WHPSRUDOXOXL HVWH LQGLVSHQVDELO VWXGLHULL DQDWRPLHL

13. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH $QH[D UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH

Oasele craniului facial VWUXFWXULH[SORUDUHSHYLX

Craniul facial (viscerocraniul) componente, rROIXQFLRQDO

)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG ORFDOL]DUHD FRPSRQHQD SR]LLD DQDWRPLF

5. 'HVFULHL ORFDOL]DUHD SR]LLD DQDWRPLF L UDSRUWXULOH PD[LOHL HQXPHUDL SULOH HL

15. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLORFDOL]DUHDLSULOHFRPSRQHQWe ale piesei osoase din imagine.

18. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH $QH[D)UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH

)DPLOLDUL]DUHD FX WRSRJUDILD FUDQLXOXL vQ DQVDPEOX L FX FHD D FRPSDUWLPHQWHORU

7. 1RWDLIRUPDLXQLOHFDUHVHSDUIRVHOHHQGRED]HLFUaniului una de alta.

10. (QXPHUDL FRPXQLFULOH IRVHORU HQGRED]HL FUDQLXOXL LQGLFDL IRUPDLXQLOH QHXURYDVFXODUH

17. 'HVFULHLGHOLPLWULOHIRVHORUWHPSRUDO LLQIUDWHPSRUDOQRWDLFRPXQLFULOHORU

19. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH $QH[D)UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]ultatele.

23. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHFXSULYLUHODWHPD GDW

3DUWLFXODULWLOH PRUIRORJLFH LQGLYLGXDOH GH YkUVW L GH VH[ DOH FUDQLXOXL

3XQHUHD OD FXUHQW FX LQIRUPDLLOH GHVSUH SDUWLFXODULWLOH LQGLYLGXDOH L PHWRGHOH

12. 'HVFULHL UDGLRJUDPHOH FUDQLXOXL vQ SURLHFLH DQWHURSRVWHULRDU L ODWHUDO HQXPHUDL

$UWURVLQGHVPRORJLH JHQHUDO /HJWXULOH Raselor craniului clasificare,

RVRDVH FDUWLODJLQRDVH PXVFXODUH FXWDQDWH 1RLXQL JHQHUDOH GHVSUH UHJLRQDOL]DUHD SULORU

&XQRWLQHOH SULYLQG HOHPHQWHOH GH RULHQWDUH DOH FRUSXOXL XPDQ OLPEDMXO

4. $GQRWDLLPDJLQHDGLQILJLQGLFDL SR]LLLOH SULOor de corp, marcate prin linii.

7. Pe imaginea din fig.3 LQGLFDLSODQXULOHLGLUHFLLOHPDUFDWHFXVJHLIRUPXODLGHILQLLL

14. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUH SULYLQGFHOHVWXGLDWHRELQXWHvQXUPDGLVFXLLORUDVXSUDWHPHL

)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULFHSHULORU L D GHSULQGHULORU vQ GRPHQLXO RVWHRORJLHL

3. 'HILQLL QRLXQHD GH VFKHOHW HQXPHUDL FRPSRQHQWHOH VFKHOHWXOXL D[LDO L D VFKHOHWXOXL

11. Din chestionar (Anexa 1) selectaLVXELHFWHOHUHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUDOHJHLGLQFRPSOHWXO

9. ,GHQWLILFDL YHUWHEUD UHSUH]HQWDW vQ ILJ DGQRWDL LPDJLQHD L LQGLFDL FDUDFWHUHOH

14. $GQRWDLILJQRWDLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLUHDIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDWHSrin linii.

23. 'HQXPLLOLQLLOHRUizontale, trasate pe imaginea din fig. 10 A LQRWDLYHUWHEUHOHFDUHSRWIL

4. 6HOHFWDLGLQFKHVWLRQDU&RQWUROXOFXQRWLQHORUSUDFWLFHVXELHFWHle, referitoare la tema nr. 4,

10. (QXPHUDLFDUDFWHUHOHSDUWLFXODUHDOHFRDVWHORUDWLSLFH,,,;,;,,VSHFLILFHSHQWUXILHFDUH

27. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWLOHSULYLQGGHPRQVWUDUHDSUH]HQWDUHDRUDOVDXvQVFULs a celor studiate.

10. (QXPHUDLHOHPHQWHOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOH UDGLXVXOXLLXOQHLSDOSDELOHSHYLX

7. $GQRWDLILJFRPSOHWDLLPDJLQLOHFXGHQXPLUHDIRUPDLXQLORU, marcate prin linii.

9. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQHGHQXPLULOHelementelor descriptive, marcate prin linii.

,QRFXODUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH VWUXFWXUD GH]YROWDUHD DQRPDOLLOH VSHFLILFXO

11. $GQRWDLILJFRPSOHWDLLPDJLQHDFXWHUPHQLi respectivi.

Craniul JHQHUDOLWL FRPSRQHQWHOH L FRPSDUWLPHQWHOH OXL 2DVHOH FUDQLXOXL

QVXLUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH SDUWLFXODULWLOH VWUXFWXUDOH DOH RDVHORU FUDQLXOXL

4. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLSHLPagine craniul cerebral, craniul YLVFHUDOEROWDLED]DFUDQLXOXL

10. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLHOHPHQWHOHGHVFULSWLYHLGenumirile lor.

12. 5HSURGXFHLGLQ&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPHVFKHPD FHQWULORUGHRVLILFDUHDRFFLSLWDOXOXLQRWDL

16. (ODERUDLXQUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD3DUWLFXODULWLOHVWUXFWXUDOHDOHRaselor craniului.

Oasele craniului cerebral VIHQRLGXOLHWPRLGXO VWUXFWXUH[SORUDUHSHYLX

a. Osul sfenoid DH]DUHSULFRQVWLWXWLYHSR]LLHDQDWRPLFVWUXFWXUUROIXQFLRQDO

)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG ORFDOL]DUHD vQ FUDQLX SR]LLD DQDWRPLF SULOH

18. &RQWURODL-YDELOLWDWHDGH DGHPRQVWUDLUHODWDFHOHVWXGLDWH

Osul temporal VWUXFWXULH[SORUDUHSHYLX

,QRFXODUHD FXQRWLQHORU GHVSUH ORFDOL]DUHD SULOH FRPSRQHQWH L VWUXFWXUD

13. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[DUHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH

Oasele craniului facial VWUXFWXULH[SORUDUHSHYLX

Craniul facial (viscerocraniul) componente, rROIXQFLRQDO

)RUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU SULYLQG ORFDOL]DUHD FRPSRQHQD SR]LLD DQDWRPLF

5. 'HVFULHL ORFDOL]DUHD SR]LLD DQDWRPLF L UDSRUWXULOH PD[LOHL HQXPHUDL SULOH HL

15. $GQRWDLILJLQGLFDLORFDOL]DUHDLSULOHFRPSRQHQWe ale piesei osoase din imagine.

18. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D)UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH

10. (QXPHUDL FRPXQLFULOH IRVHORU HQGRED]HL FUDQLXOXL LQGLFDL IRUPDLXQLOH QHXURYDVFXODUH

17. 'HVFULHLGHOLPLWULOHIRVHORUWHPSRUDO LLQIUDWHPSRUDOQRWDLFRPXQLFULOHORU

19. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D)UHIHULWRDUHODWHPUH]ROYDL-OHQRWDLUH]ultatele.

23. ,QIRUPDLLVXSOLPHQWDUHFXSULYLUHODWHPD GDW

3DUWLFXODULWLOH PRUIRORJLFH LQGLYLGXDOH GH YkUVW L GH VH[ DOH FUDQLXOXL

12. 'HVFULHL UDGLRJUDPHOH FUDQLXOXL vQ SURLHFLH DQWHURSRVWHULRDU L ODWHUDO HQXPHUDL

$UWURVLQGHVPRORJLH JHQHUDO /HJWXULOH Raselor craniului clasificare,

)DPLOLDUL]DUHD FX WLSXULOH GH MRQFLXQL DOH RDVHORU IRUPDUHD FRPSHWHQHORU L D

3. 5HSURGXFHLGXS&XOHJHUHDGHVFKHPHVFKHPDFODVLILFULLXQLULORUGLQWUHRDVH

9. (QXPHUDLPLFULOHFDUHDXORFvQDUWLFXODLLOHXQL-, bi- LSOXULD[LDOH

19. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D), referitoare la tema nr. 15, rH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH

$UWLFXODLLOH FRORDQHL YHUWHEUDOH VWUXFWXU PLFUL &RORDQD YHUWHEUDO vQ

10. (QXPHUDL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH DUWLFXODLLORU DWODQWRRFFLSLWDO L DWODQWRD[LDOH LQGLFDL

17. 6HOHFWDLWHVWHOH$QH[D) UHIHULWRDUHODWHPDQUUH]ROYDL-OHLQRWDLUH]XOWDWHOH

Controlul reali]ULLOXFUULLDSUHFLHULVXJHVWLLUHFRPDQGDLL

$UWLFXODLLOH WRUDFHOXL FODVLILFDUH VWUXFWXU IXQFLL 7RUDFHOH vQ DQVDPEOX

4. (QXPHUDL IHHOH DUWLFXODUH DOH DUWLFXODLLORU FDSXOXL FRDVWHL L FRVWRWUDQVYHUVDOH GDL

7. $GQRWDLILJVFULHLSHLPDJLQLGHQXPLULOHIRUPDLXQLORUPDUFDte prin linii.

19. (QXPHUDLIHHOHDUWLFXODUHDOHDUWLFXODLHLROGXOXLSUH]HQWDLFDracteristica lor.

$UWLFXODLD JHQXQFKLXOXL DUWLFXODLLOH RDVHORU JDPEHL L SLFLRUXOXL VWUXFWXU

22. Din setul de radiograPHVHOHFWDL-OHSHFHOHDOHDUWLFXODLLORUPHPEUXOXLLQIHULRUVWXGLDL-OHL

0LRORJLH JHQHUDO 0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH WRUDFHOXL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH L

)DPLOLDUL]DUHD VWXGHQLORU FX VWUXFWXUD FODVLILFDUHD L WRSRJUDILD PXFKLORU

FSRULXQLOHRULILFLLOHLORFXULOHVODEHale diafragmei (fig. 4).

12. ([SOLFDLWHUPHQLLPXFKLDXWRKWRQLWUXQFRIXJDOLWUXQFRSHWDOL LQGLFDL-le sinonimele.

13. (QXPHUDLYDULDQWHOHLDQRPDOLLOHGHGH]YROWDUHDPXFKLORUWRUDFHOXLLDGLDIUDJPHLGXS

0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH FHQWXULL VFDSXODUH L DL EUDXOXL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH L

4. ,QGLFDLGHQXPLULOHPXFKLORUEUDXOXLLDIRUPDLXQLORUQRtate cu cifre (fig.2).

QVXLUHD GH FWUH VWXGHQL D GHQXPLULORU LGHQWLILFULL L GHPRQVWUULL PXFKLORU

6. ,QGLFDLPXFKLLDQWHEUDXOXLFDUHUHDOL]HD]PLFULOH reprezentate prin imaginile din fig. 4.

0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH PkLQLL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH L H[SORUDUH SH YLX

'H D IDPLOLDUL]D VWXGHQLL FX FODVLILFDUHD GHQXPLULOH VWUXFWXUD RULJLQHD LQVHULD

10. 5HSURGXFHLVFKHPDWHFLORUVLQRYLDOHLFDQDOHORURVWHRILEURDVHDOHPkQLLIDDSDOPDULIDD

0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH DEGRPHQXOXL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH L H[SORUDUH SH YLX

)DPLOLDUL]DUHD VWXGHQLORU FX FODVLILFDUHD VWUXFWXUD RULJLQHD LQVHULD L IXQFLD

0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH ED]LQXOXL L FRDSVHL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH IXQFLL L

6. 3HLPDJLQLOHFDUHXUPHD]ILJLQGLFDLIDVFLLOHED]LQXOXLLFRDSVHLLderivatele lor

11. (ODERUDLUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD )DVFLLOHFRDSVHLLGHULYDWHOHORU.

0XFKLL L IDVFLLOH JDPEHL L SLFLRUXOXL VWUXFWXU WRSRJUDILH IXQFLL L

)DPLOLDUL]DUHD VWXGHQLORU FX FODVLILFDUHD VWUXFWXUD RULJLQHD LQVHULD L IXQFLD

11. ,QGLFDLWHFLOHVLQRYLDOHLFDQDOHOHRVWHRILEURDVHGLQUHJLXQHDJOH]QHLLSLFLRUXOXLILJ.

14. (ODERUDLXQUHIHUDWVXFFLQWODWHPD Topografia membrului inferior.