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Biotop_____________________________________________________________________
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Biocenoză__________________________________________________________________
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Barem de notare
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Test formativ nr. 2
Structura trofica a ecosistemului
Data _____
1. Numeste nivelul trofic al padurilor de foioase format de: gindaciipocnitori, omizile
fluturilor, grauri, mierle, soareci si capriori.
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2. Imaginea de mai jos prezinta lantul trofic al pradatorilor.
a. Prezinta in spatiul acordat particularitatile
distinctive ale acestui lant, indicind organismele
care prezinta: producatorul primar, jertva si pradatorul
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b. Descrie comparati dimensiunile organismelor care formeaza lantul trofic al pradatorilor.
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3. Analizeaza lanturile trofice din ecosistemele tundrei si raspunde corect la subiectele
a-d.
I lacuste de pustiu dropii
vulturi
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II graminee zebre
lei
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a. Scrie in spatiile acordate nivelele trofice din care fac parte organismele lanturilor propuse.
b. Identifica si subliniaza pe schema lantul trofic incomplet.
c. Numeste veriga care lipseste si prezinta un exemplu de organisme corespunzatoare.
d. Estimeaza, in citeva enunturi, evolutia lantului incomplet.
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4. Tabelul de mai jos prezinta organismele ecosistemelor din Delta Dunarii si hrana lor.
Organismele
ecosistemelor
acvatice
Fitoplancton Plante acvatice Caras Rata-cu-ciuf
Zooplancton +
Caras + +
Rata-cu-ciuf +
Nurca + +
Vidra + +
Stiuca
Apelind la informatia din tabel si cunostintele pe care le posezi, raspunde corect la subiectele a - d.
a. Identifica in tabel si scrie in spatiul acordat consumatorii carnivori primari.
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b. Construieste, in spatiul acordat, un lant trofic format din patru verigi in care bizamul sa formeze veriga
consumatorilor erbivori.
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c. Construieste, in spatiul acordat, un lant trofic format din patru verigi in care rata-cu-ciuf sa formeze veriga
consumatorilor erbivori.
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d. In spatiul acordat construieste o piramida de biomasa in care nivelele trofice sa fie construite din
organismele din Delta Dunarii, enuntate in tabel.
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Nota 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
modificat 4
artificial 6
2. Gaseste corespondenta dintre ecosistemele din Republica Moldova enuntate in coloana A si caracteristicile -
lor in coloana B, scriind in spatiile acordate cifrele respective.
A B
_____ Pestera “Emil Racovita” 1. Mediul de trai prezinta variatii termice diurne si sezoniere semnificative
_____ Ecoosistemele de lunca 2. Organismele sunt asigurate optim cu O, necesar pentru producerea energiei.
3. Temperatura aproape constanta, in medie, atinge valoarea de 10 C.
4. Din cauza intunericului lipsesc organismele fotosintetice.
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3. Citeste cu atentie textul.
Biotopul unor ecosistem din regiunile temperate ale Europei si Asiei, Americii de Nord si de Sud, ale Africii de Sud, se
caracterizeaza prin clima smiarida cu o alternanta a perioadelor reci si calde, precipitatii de 350-500 mm pe an. Solurile
sint bogate in humus, in special in Eurasia (cernoziomuri), iar vinturile puternice au conditionat dezvoltarea plantelor
de tale joasa.
a. Selecteaza si subliniaza o varianta corecta, apelind la informatia din text.
1. Biotopul descris este parte componenta a ecosistemelor de:
* pustiu; * savana; * ierbos de stepa
* ierbos de tundra; * padure de foioase.
2. Din biocenozele ecosistemelor identificate in subiectul precedent fac parte:
* Negara, cimbrul, porumbarul, plopul-alb, mesteacanul-alb, ienuparul; iepurele, hirciogul, antilopa, calul salbatic,
ciocrlia, dropia, lupul, vulpea.
* Licheni, iarba surzilor, argintica punctata, mesteacanul pitic, scorusul pitic; lemingul, iepurele-alb, lebedele-mici,
renul, potirnichea-alba.
* Negara, cimbrul, porumbarul, plopul-alb, mesteacanul-alb, ienuparul; iepurele, popindaul-de-tundra, calul salbatic,
ciocirlia, dropia, lupul, vulpea-polara.
* Lichenii, iarba elefantului, argintica punctata, boababul, scorusul pitic, arborele-de-pine; lemingul, iepurele-alb,
lebedele mici, renul, potirnichea-alba.
c. Descrie, intr-un enunt, conditiile biotopului care au determinat transformarea regiunilor mentionate in in grinarele
lumii, suprafete mari de culturi de porumb, secara, orz etc.
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4. Graficul alaturat prezinta dependenta dintre cantitatea de biomasa a producatorilor primari si adincimea
apei unui lac. Analizeaza atent graficul si raspunde corect la subiectele a - d
a. Scrie in spatiul acordat numele
grupului de producatori primari
din bazinele acvatice.
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b. Identifica si scrie in spatiul acordat adincimea lacului la care:
* biomasa producatorilor primari este maxima
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* biomasa producatorilor primari este egala cu zero
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c. Numeste factorul abiotic car limiteaza dezvoltarea producatorilor primari la diferite adincimi ale bazinelor acvatice.
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d. Imagineaza-ti un acvariu cu adincimea de 6 m si peretii transparenti
* Reprezinta dependenta dintre cantitatea de biomasa si adincimea acvariumului.
* Argumenteaza optiunea in citeva enunturi.
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3. Coloana A cuprinde sezoanele ecologice ale ecosistemului padurii de foioase, iar coloana B - unele aspecte
fenologice ale pasarilor din padurile de foioase.
Scrie in spatiul acordat, perechile corecte dintre fiecare cifra din coloana A si litera din coloana B.
Nota: Fiecarui item din coloana A ii corespunde un singur item din coloana B.
A 1. Hiemal (noiembrie-martie) B a. Incepe migrarea pasarilor spre tarile calde.
2. Prevernal (martie-aprilie). b. Majoritatea pasarilor, sint preocupate de ingrijirea si educarea puilor,
deacea incetinesc cintatul.
3. Vernal (aprilie-mai). c. Migrarea in masa a pasarilor calatoare.
4. Estival (iunie-iulie). d. In padure au ramas doar pasarile sedentare.
5. Serotinal (august-septembrie). e. Perioada cuibaririi pasarilor.
6. Autumnal (septembrie-octombrie). f. Speciile de pasari migratoare revin din tarile calde.
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4. Citeste cu atentie textul.
Gargarita florilor de mar este o insecta daunatoare, care consuma mugurii vegetativi si florali, producind sterilitatea
florilor. Are o generatiepe an; ierneaza in stadiul de adult in scoarta exfoliata a pomului. Ca exemple de metode de
lupta cu acest daunator pot fi propuse taierea ramurilor uscate si razuirea scoartei la pomii batrini.
Redacteaza un text coerent de o jumate de pagina in care sa:
a. descrii activitatea fiziologica a gargaritei, aflata in stare de diapauza.
b. explici de ce pentru combaterea gargaritei se efectueaza taierea ramurilor uscate si razuirea scoartei la pomii batrini.
c. estimezi evolutia gargaritei in cazul lipsei perioadei de diapauza din biortimul sezonier al acestei insecte.
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5. Scrie un eseu de o pagina in care sa prezinti comportamentul periodic al animalelor, enuntate mai jos, in
sezonul rece al anului. In elaborarea eseului vei defini starea si descrie succint comportamentul fiecarui animal
in corelatie cu conditiile de mediu.
Sopirla-verde, prepelita, popindaul fac parte din fauna ecosistemelor din stepa Baltilor.
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