Engleza Nivel de Baza

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I
ENGLEZAPENTRUINCEPATORI
In eeonomia ~i soeietatea romfmeasea sehimbarile survenite in ultimii ani au adus eu ele multe
probleme, dar ~i multe oportunitati. Pentru a putea profita de aeestea, este foarte importanta
eunoa~terea unei limbi de eireulatie internationala. In domeniul relatiilor eeonomice
internationale, al turismului ~i al eulturii, eunoa~terea limbii engleze este indispensabila. De
aeeea, in cele mai multe tari europene limba engleza se preda deja la nivelul institutiilor primare
de edueatie.
Metoda introdusa de EUROCOR, se utilizeaza de mult timp cu sueees in tarile vest-europene ~i

in Statele Unite. Dupa cateva. Ieqii ~i dumneavoastra yeti eonstata ea obtineti rezultate rapide eu
eforturi relativ miei. Este de ajuns sa invatati zilnie 15 minute. Nu va pierdeti rabdarea in eursul
rcpetarii sistematice a excrcitiilor ~i atunei Yeti progresa in mod garantat. Pareurgeti odata eel
mult 0 jumatate de lcqie. Fieeare parte a unei leqii contine 0 cantitate suficienta de material nou
pentru a exersa.
Cursul pentru incepatori este alcatuit din 32 de leqii grupate in 16 caiete. Fieeare Iectie are doua
parti. In prima parte a fiecarei Jectii, se introduce materia noua, pentru a carei intelegere ~i
fixare va sunt prop use diferite tipuri de exercitii. Partea a doua a celei de a doua leqii nu
cuprinde euno~tinte noi, aiei fiind inserate doar exereitii de verifieare. Fieeare leqie se termina
eu reeapitularea noilor reguli gramatieale ~i eu tema pentru acas3. La snir~itul caietului de curs
se afla voeabularul introdus in leqiile respective eontinand euvintele ~i expresiile noi, prezentate
in ordine alfabetica, precum ~i transcrierea lor fonetica.
\
Atunei cand rezolvati pentru prima data un exereitiu, nu folositi de la ineeput filtrul ro~u.
Folosirca aeestuia are sens doar daea ati repetat exercitiul deja de trei-patru ori. Daea tcxtul seris
cu litere ro~ii este aeoperit eu filtrul ro~u, raspunsul eoreet devine invizibil iar dumneavoastra
va trcbui sa apclati la euno~tintele nou introduse. Prin indepartarea filtrului, puteti veri fica daea
ati rezolvat eoreet exereitiul. Atat filtrul ro~u cat ~i easeta care va este trimisa impreuna eu
eaietul de eurs va vor aj uta sa verifieati pronuntia cuvintelor invatate.
Profesorii no~tri sunt gata sa va aeorde tot sprijinul ~i va a~teapta sa deveniti cursant EUROCOR.
INDRUMAR PENTRU REZOLVAREA TEMEI
1. Va sfatuim sa incepe1i rezolvarea temei pentru acasa numai dupa ce a1i parcurs
intregul material prezentat in caietul de studiu, dupa ce ati repetat cuvintele ~i ati
rezolvat ~i ultimele exercitii de verificare. Daca incepeti prea devreme sa rezolvati
tema pentru acasa, nu yeti putea folosi corect intregul material al unei leqii ~i yeti
fi nevoit(a) sa recapitulati. Inainte de a inccpe rezolvarea temei, va recomandam sa
studiati eu atentie ~i sa parcurgeti inca 0 data regulile pe care Recapitularea Ie
accentueaza prin punctare.
2. Atunei dnd invatam 0 limba straina, trcbuie sa exersam ~i sa recapitulam cu

perseverenta. In acest scop v-au fost propusc anumite exercitii. Va sugeram sa
revedeti din cand in cand materialul deja parcurs. In scurt timp va yeti convinge ca
acest lucru nu este lipsit de sens. De altfel, rezolvarca tcmei implica intotdeauna ~i
repetarea materiei din leqiile anterioarc. Obi~nuiti-va eu acest mod de lueru, care
va improspateaza ~i consolideaza euno~tilllelc fara sa fili nevoit(a) sa faee(i
eforturi deosebite. Urmfmd metoda de studiu pe care v-a propunem nu ave(i
nevoie de un talent deosebit pentru a ob(inc rczultate bune in invatarea limbilor
straine. Persoanele mai in varsta, precum ~i ccle care sunt mai putin talentate in
invatarea limbilor straine, vor ajunge dupa cfttcva luni de studiu la un nivel la care
nici nu au sperat.
3. Rezolvand in "cioma" exerci(iiIc pcntru acasa, va va fi mai u~or sa va corecta(i ~i

sa propuneti mai muIte posibi1c raspunsuri, iar, la sfaqit, sa alege(i raspunsul care
vi se pare a fi eel mai bun.
4. Cfmd sunteti siguri de rezolvare, trimiteti tema pe paginile destinate corecturii ~i
observatiilor profesorului. Pentru expedierea temei, folosi(i paginile tiparite in

aeestscop!
5. Nu uita(i sa va scrieti numele, prenumele, adresa, numanll de cursant sub care ati
fost inregistrat ~i, mai ales, codul profesorului! Acesta din urma se gase~te in
scrisoarea care eonfirma participarea dumneavoastra la curs.
6. Va rugam, scrie(i citep
Veti vedea, eforturile dumneavoastra VOl' fi displatite. Va dorim mult succes!

Pentru a va u~ura invatarea, pe marginea fiecarei pagini am plasat 0 serie de simboluri grafice.
Acestea vor indica diverse genuri de exercitii sau seqiunile de gramatica, fiindu-va astfel mai
u~or sa Ie localizati sau sa Ie recapitulati.
Pe marginea paginilor yeti intiHni urmatoarele semne:
in dreptul acestui semn, textul cules cu litere inclinate puncteazii no{iunile gramaticale # de
vocabular care sunt nou introduse in lectia respectivii.
Exercitiu pentru verificarea materialului lexical ~i gramatical insu~it
Cuvinte noi
Problema aparuta in acest exercitiu este tratata ~i in leqia 3 la pagina 21
Observatiile cele mai importante care se refera la regulile gramaticale sau

la pronuntie, vor fi intotdeauna reliefate prin acest semn grafic.
Tcxtul care urmeaza dupa semnul ,,>" tiparit cu ro~u (care nu se vede in cazul folosirii filtrului
ro~u) arata ca exercitiul trebuie rezolvat conform indicatiei, de exemplu, completarea unui text
sau traducerea unei propozitii.
In final, 0 remarca. La radio ~i televizor auziti adesea conversatii sau ciintece in limba engleza.
Uneori pronuntia acestora difera de ceea ce va propunem noi in cadrul lectiilor. Aceasta se
intiimpla deoarece exista diferenle de pronunlie intre engleza vorbita in Marea Britanie, in SUA
~i cea din Australia.
LECTIA 1 " "
PARTEA INTAl
,
Cititi cu atentie transerierea fonetiea, tiparita eu ro~u, aflata in paranteze

drepte. Pentru sunetele care nu exista in limba romana, folosim semne
speciale:
shopping street - strada cu magazine
shopping > [~opin(g)] - eumpariituri
Complexul de sunete n(g) eorespunde sunetelor similare din limba romfma,
dar "g" se aude slab, ca in euvantul romanesc "lung".
in cuvintele din Jimba engleza formate din mai muite silabe, una dintre
silabeeste accentuata. In transcrierea fonetica, vocala scrisa cu litera
ingro~ata semnaleaza silaba accentuata: > [~opin(g)).
shop > [~op] - magazin, praviHie

Semnul [0 J este un ,,0" scurt. Se roste~te ,,0" cu deschiderea gurii ca i -----·TU
"a": > [~op].
street > [stri:t] - strada
Consoana [r] din limba engleza difera de "r"-ul romanesc. Rostiti "r" lara
sa atingeti cerulgurii cu Jimba ~i lara vibrarea limbii. Astfel, obtineti un
"r" englezesc. Semnul [i:] se pronunta ca un "i" lung, ca in cuvintele "vii,
mii": >[strit].
railway station - gara, statie
railway > [rei] L1 ei] - cale ferata
Semnul fonetic [U] indica litera "w" care, de obicei, nu se pronunta. In
cazurile In care se pronunta, rotunjim gura ca pentru "u" ~i spunem "v":
>[ rei! liei].
station > [stei~n] - statie
Semnul fonetic [i] indica un sunet moale, asemanator grupului de vocale
"iu", "ea", "ei" din limba romana. Se pronunta ca primul sunet din cuvin!ele:
"iute, ea": > [stei~n].
church tower - turn de biserica
church > [t~a:' t:;;] - biserica
Sunetul notat prin [t~] este 0 consoana asemanatoare cu "c(i)", "c(e)", "cere,
zece" din limba romana. in Iimba engleza insa sunetul [t~J poate fi urmat
direct de orice vocala, tara a mai fi nevoie de un "e" sau "i" intermediar.
Sunetul [a:J se pronunta ca "a" lung. Semnul [I] (r ridicat) indica un ~,r"
care se aude foarte slab: >[t~a:'t~].
tower > [taua'] - turn
Diftongul [auJ se pronunFi la fel ca ~i in limba romana: "dau, sau". Sunetul

raj este neaccentuat, scurt. La sfar~itul cuvantului, "r"-ul se pronunta doar
daca este urmat de un ait cuvant: > [taua I ] .
street door - u~a care da la strada
door > [do:IJ - u~a
Sunetul [0: J este un ,,0" lung ca in interjectia
, din limba romana "oo!":
,
> [do: I ).
Folosindu-va de sistemul de transcriere fonetica descris anterior, familiarizati-va cu pronuntia corecta
a urmatoarelor cuvinte:
shopping - cumparaturi > [0opin(~)]
shop - magazlD > [0 0 P]
street - strada > [stri:t]
railway - cale ferata > [rei/"ei]
train - tren > [trein]
station - statie > [steisan]
church - biserica > [tsJ:'t S]
tower - tum > [t3L1J']
house - casa > [halls]
door - usa > [do:']
Cititi cu voce tare unnatoarele expresii in limba engleza:
church tower > [tsa:'t 0 taLla'] > tum de biserica
railway station > [rei/"ei stelsan] > gara, statie
shopping street > [sopin(~) stri:t] > strada eu magazine
street door > I etll lllo" ' l > usa care da in strada
Sit cxcrsam noile cuvinte; II\i atcn\i la pronulI\ic si sensu I lor in limba romana:
shopping > 1 ~,OJ1III("11 - eumparaturi
shop > l~()pJ - magazin
street > [5t1I.t] - strada
railway > [rei/"ei] - cale ferata
train > [trein] - tren
station > [steisim] - statie
church > [1.)a.'ts] - biserica
tower > [taLl<:l'] - tum
house > [h<:lLls] - casa
door > [do:'] - usa
in limba englezii, inaintea Cl/wlntului care define!jte un lucru sau 0 noriune (adicii. inaintea unui
substantiv) stii un articol. Articolul nehotiirat a se ajlii inaintea euvintelor care definesc lueruri sau
noriuni despre care vorbim la modul general. Corespunde artieolelor: un, 0, dar de multe ori niei nil
se traduce inlil1lba romanii. Atunei eand ne referil1lla un anumit lucruJoiosil1l inaintea,substantivlIlui
articolul hotiirat the.
Articolul hotiirat the se pronun{ii [Dza]. Acest sunet nu existii in limba rom{mii [DZ] se pronun/ii ea
"z" cu limba intre din {i. Pronunra{i "z" de cateva ori. Acum, u~OI; cu gura intredeschisii, pronun/ari
"z" cu limba intre din/i, retriigi1l1d limba i/l momentul in care s-a produs sunetul [D z]. Acesta este un
sunet sonor; punand degetele pe gat, veri simri vibrariile corzilor vocale.
Articol Pronun!ia Tipul articolului
a >[aJ vocaHi scurta nehotanlt

the >[D'aJ limba intre dinti hotarat
Exersati cuvintele in limba engleza folosind articolul:
a shop > [a ~opJ the shop > [D'a $Op]

I!
a street > [a stn tJ the street > [DZa Stll:t]
~
a train > [a ttemJ the train > [D'a trem]
a station > [a sH'l~an J the station > [DZa stel$an]
a church > [a t;;a.'t;;] the church > [D'a t;;a:'t;;]
a tower > la taua'] the tower > [D'a taua']
a house > [a haus] the house > l [Ya halls]
a door > [a do.'] the door > [Dla do:']
Acum intr-o alta ordine:
the door > [Dla do.'] a station > ld slcl~an]
a house > [ahaus] the church > llYa t~a.'t;;]
the station > [DZastct;;an] a train > [a trem]
a tower > 1,11aua'J a shop > [a $Op]
the train > I [)!d llClIlJ the house > [Dla haus]
the shop > ([Ya sop I the street > [D'a stJi:t]
a street > [a stll tI the tower > [D'a taua']
a church > [a t~a 'tsJ a door > [a do:']
Sa repetam inca 0 data cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine, impreuna cu traducerea. Pronuntati cu voce
tare urmatoarele cuvinte:
the house > [DZa hausj - casa
a station > [a stcl~aIl] - 0 statie
a door > [a do:'] - 0 u~a
the tower > [D'a taua'] - tumul

the shop > [DLa ~op] - magazinul
a train > [a trem] - un tren
a church >[at~a:'t~] - 0 biserica
the street >[[Ya~tnt] - strada
a house > [~I 1];\1I~] - 0 casa
the train >[IY~1 trein] - trenul
a shop >[a~op] - un magazin
the station > [D/ a ~t{,l~,m] - statia
a tower >[aI3ldj - un tum
the church >[D/a tsa 't~] - biserica
the door > [D/a llo"'] - u~a
a street >[astritj - 0 strada
Ati repetat de mai multe ori cuvintele noi deci, probabil deja le-ati invatat. Incercati sa traduceti in
limba engleza:
o casa > a house > [a hall~j
u~a > the door > IIYa do:']
un magazin > a shop >[a~op]
statia > the station > [[Ya stci~all]

-----_._-------- - -- -
I
I:
I
o biserica > a church > [a t~a:lt~]
casa > the house > [D/ ahalls]
o strada > a street >[astri:t]
turnul > the tower > lOLa taLla l]
o u~a > a door > [a do:']
magazinul > the shop > [D/ a~op]
un tren > a train >[atrell1]
biserica > the church > [D/a t~a 't~]
un tum > a tower > [a taLla']
strada > the street > [D/a stri :t]
o statie > a station > [a stei~an] -"

trenul > the train > [IYa trell1]
tumul de biserial > the church tower > [[Ya t~a:'t~ taLla']
u~a dinspre strada > the street door > [IY;\ stITt do:']
1
,1 strada cu magazine > the shopping street > (1)/;1 SOpllll~) stiTt]
i gara > the railway station > llYa I el1"ei stei~an]

1
!
i
Iar acum vom i'nvata cateva verbe. eu ajutorullor putem forma deja propozitii simple:
I J Verbul este partea de vorbire care exprimii 0 acriune, 0 intamplare, ca de exemplu: a vizita, a
deschide etc. in limba englezii, cand verbulnu este conjugat (cand inaintea lui nu apar pronumele
()
personale eu, tu, el, noi etc.), verbul este la modul infinitiv si este precedat de particula to [tu]. in
:j')
t' limba romanii, infinitivul este indicat de particula a, ca de exemplu: a vedea, a intra etc.
I
"
II
Exersati cu voce tare pronuntia urmatoarelor verbe, cu ajutorul transcrierii fonetice:
1
,r
l
':
~
J
''II
to see
to visit
> [tLl si.]
> [tu vizit]

- a vedea
- a vizita, a merge la
to see
to visit
> [tu si:]
> [tLl vizit]

I
; to open > [tLl aLlpn] - a deschide, a desface to open > [tLl aupn]
I
to enter > [tu enta'] - a intra to enter > [tLl enta']
I
j Sa Ie repetam acum intr-o ordine diferita:
to visit > [tuvizit] - a vizita, a merge la to visit > [tu vizit]
to open > [tu aLlpn] - a deschide, a desface to open >[tLlaupn]

II
I
to see > [tLl si:] - a vedea to see >[tLlsi:]
to enter > [tLl ental] - a intra to enter

In urmatorul exereitiu yeti intalni verbele nou invatate impreuna eu substantivele. Cititi eu voce tare
expresiile ~i retineti tradueerea acestora:
to see the train > [tll ,j D'a trein] - a vedea trenul
to visit the station > [tll \ i/lt D'a stei~n] - a vizita statia
to enter the house > I tlll'nLl' D/a haus] - a intra in easa
to open the door > [tll allpn D/a do:'] - a deschide u~a
to enter a shop > [tll cnU a sop] - a intra intr-un magazin
to see the street > [til :;) IYa stn:t] - a vedea strada
to open the door > [tll ,illl'n D/a do:'] - a desehide u~a
to visit a tower > [tll IflZJ1 a lalla'] - a vizita un tum
Ati reu~it sa invatati cuvintele? Cu urmatorul exercitiu puteti veri fica acest lucru. Traduceti in limba
engleza urmatoarele expresii, incerdind sa Ie pronuntati cat mai eoreet:
a intra intr-o biseriea > to enkr a church
a deschide usa > [tll alll'n D/ a do:'] > to open the door
a vedea tumul > [tu si: D" a tauf)'] > to see the toIVer
a merge la magazin > to VISit the shop
a intra in statie > [lll l'111.!' I)/;1 stl'{~,llli > 1(1 c'lltCI thc ,1,1tI01l
a vedea 0 cas a
a vedea strada
in limba eng/eza. cand un verb este conjugat, este precedat de pronume persona Ie ca de exemp/u:
eu, tu, noi, voi etc.
Sa invatam ciiteva pronume personale in limba engleza.
Aten,tie: in limba eng/eza you inseamna ~i tu, ~i dumneavoastra, ~i voi.
> [ail - eu >[al]
you > [ill:] - tu, dumneavoastra you >[IU.]
we > [ul.] - nOI we >[U 1:]
you > [IU:] - dumneavoastra, voi you >[II'.J
they > I, D/ei] - ei, ele they >[IYei]

- - - - . _ - - - - - ---
Pentru a forma propozitii in limba engleza, avem nevoie de cuvinte ca:
often >[ oftal1, ofl1] - des
always >[o:l"elz] - intotdeauna
every day >[cvndel] - in fiecare zi
every mornmg - in fiecare dimineata
seldom >[seldamJ - rar
Sa repetam inca 0 data:
des >[ otbn, oln] - often
intotdeauna >[O:]"CI/J - always
in fiecare zi > [c\ 11 dCl] - every day
in fiecare dimineata > [e\ II 1110 '11111(~IJ - every morning
rar > [sclc1am] - seldom
Cuvintele "often, always, seldom" stau intotdeauna intre verb ~i

pronumele personal, pe cand expresiile "every day, every morning" stau
la inceputul sau la sfar~itul propozitiei.
Acum vom construi cateva propozitii simple. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:
I often enter the church_ > tal Ofll enta' D ' ;\ t~a:'t~] - (Eu) intru des In biserica.
They seldom visit > [07el scldam vizit - Ei viziteaza rar

J the tower. 07 a taLla'] tLlrnLil.
~
!
I We always see the train.
You open the door every day.

> lUi: o:lUclz si: D 7 a trell1]
> I III O/a do ' cvn dL:/1

- Vedem Intotdeauna trenul.
- (Iu) deschizi u~a in fiecare zi.

I
iju pn
I Exersati cuvintele noi:

j
!
Re(ineri: in limba romGmi, (de obicei) nu fo!osim inail/tea verbu!ui pronume!e persona!, ceea ce nu
i
,
j
schimba sensu!; de exemp!u: eu vad = vad. ill Iimb(J el/g!ezii, insa. este ob!igatoriu sa indicam printr-un
pronume persona! persoanG care de~fii,warii (Jeri/I/lea: de exemp!u. I see.
(eu) vad > I scc >[al Sl:]

! (tu) deschizi > you opcn >[iu: aupnJ
(noi) intram > we entcr > [Ui: cnta']
(ei, ele) viziteaza > they VISit >[O'ei viZl!]

(noi) vizitam > we VIsit >[U I: vizit]
(ei, ele) intra > they enter >[DZei enta']
(eu) deschid > I open >[ai iiupn]
(tu) vezi > you see >[iu: si:]
~ Nu uitati! Cuvantul "I" se scrie intotdeauna cu litera mare.
Acum sa aplicam cele invatate. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii din limba romana in limba engleza.
F olositi filtrul ro~u:
(Noi) intotdeauna vedem > [ui. o.IU c/z si: DZa taua'] > We always see the tower.
tumul.
(Eu) intru in magazin > [ai enta' DZa ~op evri > I enter the shop every day.
in fiecare zi. del]
(Tu) vezi statia in fiecare > [/U: Sl: DZa stei~n evri > You see the station
dimineata. mo:'nin lg )] every mornll1g.
Viziteaza rar biserica. > [DIl'l seldam vizit DZii > They seldom \ iSlt the church.
t~a:'t~]
(Ell) deschid intotdeauna u~a. > [al 0 I"eli' aupn rYa do:'] > J always open the door.
(Voi) intra\i des in casa. >1"101111'111.1' IV,I h.llIsl > You oncn cnlci jill' 1101lse.
(Ei) vad strada in fieearc zi. > 'Iliey sec 111,' :-;[Iccl evelY day.
Conjunctia ,,~i" se traduce in limba engleza prin "and"ll:ndJ.
[E] este 0 vocala care nu are corespondent in limba romana. Se situeaza

intre "e" ~i "a". Se roste~te "e" cu deschiderea gurii ca pentru "a".
Acum putem forma deja propozitii mai lungi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare:
We often enter the railway >[U I: ofn enta' DZa reil"ei - (Noi) intram des in gara
station and I see the train. stei;;i\l1 End ai si: DZa trein] ~i eu vad trenul.
You always open the door >[iu: o:l"e/z iiupn DZa do:' - (Tu) deschizi intotdeauna
and 1 enter the house. Ene! ai enta' DZii h,lUS] u~a ~i eu intru in casa.
LECTIA
, 1 - PARTEA A DOVA
In continuare, yom i'nvata expresii ~i cuvinte noi:
entrance > [entrans] - intrare
Sunetul "a" aflat in silaba neaccentuata se pronunta ca un "a" scurt:

> [entrans]
car - ma~ina, automobil
Semnul [a·.] se pronun~a ca un "a" lung la fel ca 'in cuvi'mtul romi'mesc

"mare". SunetuI "r" aflat la sfar~itul cuvi'mtului se pronunta doar atunci
dind acesta este uonat de un aIt cuvant care 'incepe cu 0 vocala, 'in rest nu
se pronunta: > [ka:']
bus > [bas] - autobuz
In cele mai multe cazuri "u" se pronunta "a" scurt: > (bas]
woman - femeie
Fi~i atenti la prima silaba accentuata: > [U uman ]
side-walk - trotuar
Acesta este un cuvant american, Accentul cade pe prima silaba, de aceea

,,1"-uI de Ia sfar~ituI cuvantului nu se pronunta: > [sa:iduo:k]
building > (bildin lgl ] - cladire
lgl
Se accentueaza prima silaba: > (bildin ]
Sunetul "g" de la sfiir~itul cuvantului nu se pronunta, iar "n"-ul premergator
este mai lung ~i mai moaIe: > (hilclin(gl]
the apartment - apartamentul
$i acesta este un cuvi'mt american. Accentul eade pe silaba a doua,

Daea substantivlli pronllntat Ineepe eu 0 vocala, de exemplu [apa:rtmantl
atunci artieolul "the" care II precede se pronunta (D'i] La fel, In locul
artieolllllli nehotarat "a" se atla "an" [an] pentru a fi lI~urata pronllntia~
> [an apa:'lmantl
boy > I hoi] - Miat

Cititi cu atentie transcrierea fonetidi a noului set de cuvinte:
the entrance > [D/i entrims] - intrarea
the car > [O/a b.'j - ma~ina, automobilul
the bus > [r)l,1 bas] - autobuzul
the woman > [IYa"ulllan] -femeia
a side-walk > [il"lId"o.kj - un trotuar
a building > [a bildJJ](~lj - 0 cladire
an apartment > [an <lI,a '(Illant] - un apartament
a boy > [:1 bOil - un baiat
Sa repetam acum cuvintele noi intr-o alta ordine; ave~i grija sa va insu~i~i corect pronuntia ~i
traducerea lor in limba ramana:
entrance > [en(r,lnS 1 - intrare
car > [LI 'j - ma~ina, automobil
bus > l bas] - autobuz
woman > l "11111,1111 - femeie
side-walk > I ,aid"" L I - trotuar
building > I hil,IIII''''1 - cladire
apartment > 1;'1';' '111l.11111 - apartament
boy > IhOiI - baiat
Cititi cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I see a car. > [al si: a ka" j - (Eu) vad 0 ma~ina.
You often enter the building. > [Ill: ofn enUl' Ola bildin(glj - (Tu) intri des in cladire.
They always visit > [07e i o.l"cIZ viZlt - Ei intotdeauna Ii [ae vizite
the woman. Olil Uuman j femeii.
I seldom see the bus. > [aiseldam Sl: O"a bas] - (Eu) vad rar autobuzul.
We see the boy every day. > ["1. SI' [Ya bOI evri deij - (Noi) vedcm baiatul in fieeare zi.
You enter the apartment > [ill. rilla' 0'1 apaItm:'lnl - (Tu) intri in apartament
every momlllg. C\ I! 111 / 1:'11In IC1 J in fieeare dimineata.
I see the side-walk. - (Eu) vad trotuarul.
They see the entrance. - Ei vad intrarea.

-- --- ------ ----------~
Acum unneaza cateva verbe noi. Fiti atenti la pronuntia corecta:
to walk >[tuUok] - a se plimba, a merge pe jos
to go > [Iu gau] - a merge
to have > [tuhE\] - a avea
to look > [tu 1uk] - a se uita, a privi
to drive > [tu dI<lIv] - a conduce
to go to > [tLl gall tll] - a merge la
to look at > [tLl lLlk El] - a se uita, a privi la ceva
Nu uitati!
In limba engleza folosim cuvantul "to":
1. Daca preceda verbulla infinitiv.
2. Pentru a desemna mi~carea 1ntr-o anumita directie (la, spre, catre).
Cititi cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii:
1 often drive a car. - (Eu) conduc des ma~ina.
We always go to the house. > [ul. 0 !U C/Z gall tll - (Noi) Intotdeauna mergem
D/ a halls] pana acasa.
They have an apartment. - Ei au un apartament.
You seldom look at > [Ill. seldam JlIk Et - Prive~ti rar trotuarul.
the side-walk. D/a S3ICi"o.k]
1 have a car. > lalhFvaka'] - Am 0 ma~ina.
We look at the building > I "I luk Lt D';I hildll(·! - Ne uitam la c1adire In
every day. "'llckll fiecare zi.
lata ~i celelalte pronume personale:
he > [hi - el
she > [~I J - ea

La timpul prezent. dupii pronumele personale he, she, it sau substantivele pe care Ie inlocuiesc,
verbul prinJe$te termina!ia -so
he drives >[ hi: draivz] - el conduce
she walks >[ ~i "o:ks] - ea se plimba
Cititi propozitiile de mai jos; incercati sa Ie pronuntati cat mai corect:
The woman often drives a car. > [O/a "um~l11 ofn draivz - Femeia conduce des
a b:'] ma~ina.
She looks at the building >[~J: Iliks Et D'a bildm lg ) - Ea prive~te cladirea
every mornmg. {'HI Illo:'nin lg )] in fiecare dimineata.
He sees the car. > [hI. 51 Z Ol;} ka: r ] - (EI) vede ma~ina.
Terminatia -s se pronunta(s] dupa consoanele surde (de exemplu p,

t, k, f):
looks :::{ luks].
Terrninatia -s aflata dupa consoanele sonore se pronunta [z]:
drives >[ draivz].
Dacii inain tea verbului to go stau pronumele personale he, she sau it, atunci -s prime$te $i vocala
de legiiturii -e. Acesta nu are nici un 1'01 in pronun!ie.
he goes >1 hi )',;Ill/ I - el merge
Si vcr/1II1 to havc slIji'ui al/IIII/ilc l1IodijiCliri:
he has - el are
she has - ea are
Pronuntati dar propozitiile urrnatoare:
The woman often goes >[ D/a Uuman ofn gauz - Femeia merge des
to a shop. tll a ~op] la magazin.
The street has a side-walk. >[DZa stri:t hez a said"o:k] - Strada are trotuar.
She goes to ~hurch >[ ~i: gilUZ tu t~ii:'t~ - Ea merge la biserica

every day. evri dei] jn fiecare zi.
I seldom go to a bus station. >[ al seldam gau ttl a bas - (Eu) merg rar la statia de
stei~n ] autobuz.
He always looks at >[hi: o:l"eiz luks Et - EI se uita intotdeauna la

the apartment. D/~I flpa:'tmant] apartament.
The church has a tower. >[ D/ a t~il:'t~ hEz a tauil'] - Biserica are un turn.
The shop has a door. >[I)!a ~op hE;: a do:'] - Magazinul are 0 u~a.
We see a boy and a woman. >["i: 5i: a hOI hld a "11Illan] - Vedem un baiat ~i 0 femeie.
~--~--- -~----
1/1 expresia to go to church (a merge]a biserica), inaintea cuvantului church nu sefolose~te articolul.
Repetati de eateva ori urmatoarele propozitii. Yeti vedea ea in curand Ie veti invata:
Peter often goes to Bucharest. > [pi tCtI ofn gauz tu bl ukarest
He goes by train. hI. gfluz bai tI ein]
When the train enters the station Peter > ["en DIC\ trein entalz D' a stei~an pLta'
looks at the buildings. luks Et DZa bildidg)zj
He has no car, so he walks. > [hi hEz nilu ka r sau hi: "o:ks]
He visits a church tower. The tower has a door. > I hi viZlts a t~a:lt~ taua' Dla talla' hEz a do:']
He visits the tower and looks at Bucharest. > I hi \ izits Dlj taua' End luks Et biucarest]
Then he goes to a shop. > II h'll hi gall! tu a ~opJ --

in textul de mai sus apar cateva cuvinte noi, Cititi-Ie de mai multe ori pentru a Ie retine:
to go by > [tu gau bal] - a calatori, a se deplasa eu
by train > [bal tJClIlj - eu trenul
no > [n<\lI] - nu, niei un, niei 0
so > [Selll] - astfel, a~adar, a~a
when > ["en] - eand, atunei eand
He has no car. > [hi: hEz nau ka:IJ - EI nu are ma~ina,
by bus by train
Semnificaria cuwintului no este nu sau nid un, nid 0 $i dii propozi!iei sens negativ. De aceea
propozi!ia "He has no car." 0 traducem: "Nu are (nici 0) ma~ina."
Daca gasiti cuvinte care va par necunoscute, atunci recititi prima parte a leqiei.
Dupii cum a!i putut observa, in cazul cuwintului buildings, pluralul se formeazii prin adiiugarea
unui -s final.Aceastii regulii este valabilii pentru cele mai multe cuvinte:
shop magazm shops - magazme >[ ~ops]
street strada streets - strazi >[ stri :ts]
train - tren trains - trenuri >[ treznz]
tower tum towers - tumuri >[taua'z]
car ma~ina cars - ma~ml >[ka.'z]
Pentru prolllln!ia termina!iei -s sunt valabile acelea$i reguli ca $i la verbe.
Acum sa exersam cuvintele noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie. Yeti intl'ilni aproape
toate cuvintele din leqia 1:
tumurile >the towelS
el merge >1 iii, 1',111/ I > he goes
un apartament >1;111 ,11';1 '1111.11111 > an apartment
ea vede >1',1 \1 ,I > she sees
trotuarul >11) .1 ',;lId".. L 1 > the side-\\" Ik
a se uita, a privi la >1111 [IlL I 11 > to look at
o cladire >a building
a conduce ma~ina >1111 Til ,III ,I L.J 'I >10 dll\c a car
strada cu magazine > 1he shoppIng street
nici un autobuz >[nau b;ls] >110 bus
apOl merg >then [ go
a privi tumul >[tu luk Et Df a taLla'] >to look at the towel
femeia prive~te des >(1)1::1 '''uman ofn luks]
a merge >[ tLi gau] >to go
biserica > [I)fa [S,\.' t~ J >111<' ,'11111' Ii
euam >[;11 hh] >I 11,1\'1<
ma~inile >1 [Y,I k;I.'/j

astfel intotdeauna > [sau o:l"eIZ] > so alwavs
u~a bisericii > [Dl a t~a 't~ do.'] > the ChUll It dool
baiatul > [DL aboil > the boy
o statie de autobuz > [a bas stel~an] > a bus station
a vizita easa > [tu vizit D/ a halls] > to visit the hou,,·
un tren ~i un autobuz > [a trem l:nd a bas J > a train and a bus
vedem in fieeare zi > ["I. SI. eVrI del] > we see every d~l\"
gara > [rell"el stel~an] > railway statIon
Cititi urmatoarele euvinte. Vocalele din fieeare eoloana serise eu litere ingro~ate desemneazil accla~i
sunet: --..
[ i:] [e] [el] [ 3.] [ au] [ai]
we then train car so by
see enter station apartment no side-walk
street entrance they drive
she
16
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI
, 1
A Reguli gramaticale
1.1. In limba engleza, articolele stau inaintea substantivelor:
a - articol nehotarat
the - articol hotarilt
1.2. Articolul se schimba inaintea substantivelor care incep cu 0 vocala:
in acest caz "a" devine "an" I ;1I1J, iar articolul hotarat "the" se pronunta [DziJ.
a bus [a bas] an apartment [an apa:'tmant]
the car [DI[IIu'1 the entrance [011 entransJ
1.3. Daca inaintea verbului se ana pronumele ,,1, you, we, they" sau cuvinte care Ie inlocuiesc,
atunci fonna verbului nu sc schimba.
1 see [ al s i: J - ell vad we see [Ui: si:J - noi vedem
you see [Ill: Sl: J III vezi they see [D/ el Sl. J - ei vad
Pronumele personal "I" - "Cll" sc scrie intotdeauna cu litera mare.
IA. Daca inaintea verbului se alla pWlllImele "he" sau "she" sau substantive proprii sau
comune, atunci verbul primqk Icrminatia ,,-s":
she visits I '> I \ i/II', I ea viziteaza
he opens 1111 :l1I1"1/ I eJ deschide
the woman looks II) ,I "III1LIII IlIk" I femeia prive~te
the boy walks I 1) ,I IWI ",I "s] baiatul se plimba
1.5. In cazul verbelor ,,10 go" ~i "to have" are loc ~i 0 alta schimbare, daca sunt precedate
.de pronumeJe "he" sau "she":
he goes -el merge she has [~j:hEzJ - ea are
I go I ;ll gauJ -eu merg I have [ai hEvJ - euam
1.6. Cuvintele "often, always, seldom" stau inaintea verbului, in schimb "every day", "every
morning" se giisesc fie la inceputul, fie la sfar~itul propozitiei; de exemplu:
I often see the boy. - Eu il vad des pe haiat.
I see the boy every day. - Viid biiiatul in fiecare zi.

1.7. Particula "to" atunci cand se aDa Inaintea verbului, indica infinitivul, dar folosit ca
prepozitie, inseamna "Ia, in, spre".
to the hotel -Ia hotel
to see - a vedea
1.8. Pluralul substantivelor se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei ,,-s":
a building - buildings [bildm(g)z]
a tower - towers [taua'z]
a car - cars [ka:rz]
a shop - shops [~ops]
B. Pronuntia
1.9. Daca un cuvant se termina Intr-un din consoanele surde, (de exemplu, "k, f, p, 1")
atunci telminatia "s" se pronunta [-s]. Daca un cuvant se termina Intr-o consoana sonora, I
I
sau Intr-o vocala, atunci terminatia ,,-s" se pronunta [-z].
[-s] [-z]
looks [ luks] drives [ dr~llvz]
walks ["o ks] has [hEz]
visits [ viZlls] opens [aupll71
shops [~ops] towers [taua'/l
streets [Sill Is] cars [ka'/]
lata cateva exemple de consoane sonore ~i echivalentele lor sur-de In cuvintc I ol1l,lne~ti.
Intelesul difera datorita faptului ca acela~i sunet se pronunta 0 data sonm, apoi surd.
Controlati In care din cazuri vibreaza corzile vocale ~i In care cazuri nll vibrcaza:
b baM P papa
v vata f fata
d dare tare
g gara c cara
1.10. Dupa cum ati putut observa, exista 0 mare diferenta Intre limba scrisa ~i cea vorbita.
Unele sunete nu se rostesc clar, exceptie Iacand doar cele din silabele acccni \llIlc. Acest
lucru are 0 mare semnificatie ~i in pronuntia propozitiilor. Vocala silabci acccntuate
este tiparita Ingro~at; de exemplu: [entrans]
Alte semne pe care Ie Intalniti de-a lungullectiilor:
r La pronuntia sunetului "r" in limba engleza, limba nu vibreaza, 11Ir "r"-lil de la

sIar~itul cuvantului se pronunta complet, doar In cazul In carc cstc lIrlllat de un
cuvant care Incepe cu 0 vocala. In transcrierea fonetica am folosit nota\ia [']
DZ Este varianta pe care am folosit-o pentru a nota varianta sononl a grupului "th"
din limba engleza.
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 1
Rezolvati ~i trimiteti pentm verificare urmatoarele exercitii:
A Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba ramana:
I. I often ga by bus.
2. She has no car.

3. So she visits the bay every day.
4. We have an apartment.
5. He seldam gaes to the shopping streets.
B. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I. Baiatul deschide rar u~a.
2. (EI) se plimba intatdeauna pana la turn.
3. Ai (a) ma~ina.
4. (Eu) merg des cu trenuJ.
5. (Nai) vedem cladirea.
C. Alegeti raspunsul carect ~i incerclIi(i litera corespunzataare (exista un singur raspuns careet,
de exemplu: la, 2c etc.):
l. Care este cuvantulla care 1I1111na lilerll se pronunta [-z]?
a. side-walks
b. shops
c. stations
d. streets
2. Care este propozi(ia corcc!a'!
a. I often go and she go.
b. He has and she has.
c. We seldom goes and he goes.

d. I look and we looks.
3. Care este propozitia gre~iUI?
a. She has an car.

b. We have a car.
c. They have an apartment.
d. He has a car.
" "
LECTIA
, 2 PARTEA INTAI
Incepem lectia cu setul de cuvinte noi:
hotel > [hautel] - hotel
room > [ru:m] - camera
window > ["inclau] - fereastra
restaurant > [rest~lrant] - restaurant

[restro: nt)
traffic > [trEfik] - circulatie
bicycle > [baisikl] - bicicleta
school > [sku:1] - ~coala
factory > [tEktari] - fabrica, uzina
office > [OflS] - birou, oficiu
Pronuntia sunetului [LJ este 0 vocaHi care nu are corespondent In Iimba

romfma (vezi ~i la pagina 9); se situeaza 'intre "e" ~i "a". Se prommV' "c" cu
gura deschisa larg ca pentru "a": >[ trEfik], > [tEktari].
Sa repetam cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine:
school > [sku:1] - ~coala
office > [OtIS] - birou, oficiu
factory > [tEktari] - fabrica, llzina
restaurant > [restarant] - restaurant

[ restro:nt)
room > [null] - camerll
window > [Uindau] - fereastra
traffic > [trEfik] - circula\ic
bicycle > [baisikl] - bicicleHt

Acum va propunem unnatorul exercitiu. Cititi cu voce tare cuvintele de mai jos:
factory > [J1~ktariJ - fabrica, uzina
room >[IIII11J - camera
window > I"illdau] - fereastra
traffic > 1111'I]k] - circulatie
restaurant > 1I(':-,1;11 al1t1 - restaurant
office > lolls I - birou, oficiu
school > 1 :-,kll II - ~coala
hotel >111,1111('11 - hotel
bicycle > 1h:II',ILJ 1 - bicicleta
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozi(ii. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i verificati-va pronuntia:
We seldom go to the factory. >1 "I ,,('1,1,1111 1'.111 III IYa - Mergem rar in fabrica.
IELl.IIII
The room has a window. >11 )'" III III III / ,I "il1d<lllJ - Camera are 0 fereastra.
I have a bicycle. - Am 0 bicicleta.
We see the traffic. >1"1',1 I) ,1111,111,1 - Vedem circulatia.
He sees a hotel. >1111 "1 ,. ,I \',1111('11 - El vede un hotel.
A school and an office. >1:1""" I I 11,1.\11 011\ I - 0 ~coala ~i un birou.
You seldom go to a >1111 ;,('ltI,1I11 1'.1l1 111 ,I - Mergi rar la restaurant.

restaurant. I (",I, \ I ,II \ I I
Cu unniitorul exercitiu puteti veri fica daca v-ali insll~it cuvintcle noi. Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte
din limba romana in limba engleza:
fabrica, uzina > I,ll 1"1 \' >[ fEktariJ
camera > II \('"1 >[rll:mJ
fereastra > II'II\(I,,\\' >[ L1indauJ
circulatie >tl,IIII' >[ trEtlkJ
restaurant > 1,';,1.1111.1\11 >[ restarillltJ
birou, oficiu > oil \( \' >[ ofisJ
~coala > S\ \'0,,1 >[sku:lJ
hotel > holl'! >[ hautelJ
bicicleta > IJIl:yck >[baislklJ
71
"acesta este" sau "acela este" in limba engleza se reda prin: "it is" III 1/ J.
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii ~i unnariti traducerea lor:
It is an office. > [It IZ an O[IS] - Acesta este un birou.
It is a hotel. > [It 1Z a hautel] - Acesta este un hotc1.
It is a station. > [it 1Z a stel~,lIl] - Aceasta este 0 static.
Unneaza alte cuvinte noi:
III >[111] - in, la, inauntrul
near >[nia'] - aproape, in preajma, aproape de,

Ifmga ~
also >[ olsau] - ~i, de asemenea
not >[not] -nu
"este, se afla, exista" se traduce in limba engleza prin: there is [Olea' 1/ I.

Incepem propozitia cu aceasta constructie cand vrem sa exprimam ca
ceva este, exista. Propozitia este completa daca raspunde la intrebarea
"unde?". Inaintea substantivului sta articolul "a", iar inaintea adverbului
de loc sta articolul "the".
Cititi unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza. Fiti atenti la sensullor:
There is a bicycle in > [D7ea' lZ a bUlsikl in - Este 0 bicicleta in cas:!.

the house. DZa haus]
There is an entrance >[DZea' IZ an entrans - Este 0 intrare

in the building. in DZa bildm(g)] in cladire.
There is a factory near > I [Year lZ a fEktan TIl a' - In apropierea s(a!ici sc afla
the station. 1)/.1 stCl~;lIl] o fabrica.
in mod curent, expresia it is se prescurteaza it's [Its J, tot astfel ~i expresia there is: tltt'J'e'sll ) (·.I ' z] .
lata diteva exemple:
It's a restaurant. - Acesta este un reS(i\l\l ant.
It's an office. >[lt5;1Il OIISJ - Acesta este un birOlI.
There's a school near >[DZea'z a sku lilia' - Este 0 ~coala in vecin~l(atea

the station. DZa stel~al1] statiei
There's a window in >[DZearz a "indau In - Este 0 fereastra In camera.

the room. DZa ru.m]
in urmatoarele propozitii Yeti regasi cuYintele ~i expresiile noi. Cititi propozitiile, fiind atenti la
pronuntie:
There's a hotel near > [IYea' a hautel nia' - Este un hotel In

the station. Of a stei~an] apropierea statiei.
You also see the car. > I ill: olsbll si: aka:'] - ~i tu yezi ma~ina.
It's not a school. > Ills not a sku:l] - Aceasta nu este 0 ~coala.
There's a boy in the house. > IIVe;\'/. a boi in - Este un Miat In casa.
1)/;1 h;llls]
~i In urmatoarele propozitii yeti Intiilni cateva dintre cuYintele noi. Cititi propozitiile In limba rorpiina
~i Incercati sa Ie traduceti In limba engleza:
Este 0 bicicleta In cladire. > Thcl,"" ;1 "ICicle > [D/ea' a baisikl

in I hc' I>I111<lll1g in D/ a bildin(g)]
Ii yad des pe baieti. > I orlL"11 ",c tlic hoys. > [ai ofn si: DZa boiz]
Mergem intotdeauna > WL' ,i1I\ .I\S!-'O lIear > ["i: olueiz gau niii'
In apropierea ~colii. the s,' hoo I DZa sku:l]
~i ea 0 Yiziteaza In fiecare zi > Shc ,liso IISI1': thl' woman > [~i:alsau vizits DZa uuman
pe femeie. c)'c'\ \' d,l\" everi dei]
Cladirea nu este un oficiu. > Th,' Illllidlll.I' I', IJ<II > [07a bildin lgl iz not
;111 or! \C(' an oris]
Acum veti invQ!a toateformele conjugate ale \lcrbului aft - to be I1II hI: I:
lam - eu sunt > 1.11 lilll I am > [ai Em]

..-<
you are - tu e~ti, dumneaYoastra sunte\i > [Ill. ;\.'J you are > [ill: a: r ]
he is - el este > [hi: \z] he is >[hi:iz]
she is - ea este > [~i: iz] she is >[~i:iz]
it is - acesta, asta este (genul neutru) >[itiz] it is >[itiz]
weare - noi suntem > ["i: a:'] we are > [Ui: a:']
you are - yoi sunteti, durnneayoastra sunteti > [ill: 3:'] you are > [iu: a:'J
they are - ei sunt >[D/cia'] they are > [D/ei ;1 ' I

Sa exersam verbul "to be". Cititi Cll voce tare urmatoarele propozitii:
1 am in the house. > [ai Em m D7 a halls] You are a boy. > [It I ;1.',11'"1\
- Eu sunt in casa. - Tu e~ti baial.
He is near the door. > [hl: iz nla' DZa do.') She is in the street. > I ~I 1/ 11\ I) ,I stlI:tJ
- El este langa ll~a. - Ea este pe strada.
It is a car. > [it iz aka:'] - Aceasta este 0 ma~illil.
We are in the building. > lUi: a.' in D/ a bildin(gl] - Noi suntem in cladin~.
You are In Bucharest. > [iu: a:'in biUcarcst] - Sunteti in Bucure~11.
They are boys. > [D'zei a r boiz] - Ei sunt baieti.
Traduceti in limba engJeza urmatoarele propozitii. Nu uitati sa folosili pronumele persollal, dl:oarece
in limba engleza pronumele nu se omite:
El este in camera. > He is in the room.
(Noi) suntem in apropierea ~colii. > We are near the school.
(Eu) sunt in birou. > I am in the otlice.
Sunteti la Bucure~ti. > You are in Bucharest
Ea este a femeie. > She IS a woman.
Ei sunt pe strada. > They are in the sll l:cl.

Aceasta este 0 statie. > It is a station.
E~ti aproape de static. > You are near the station.
$i celelalte forme ale verbului to be asel1uinator lui it is, se pot prescurta:
lam - I'm > [all11]
you are - you're > [iua l]
she is - she's > [~i:z]
he is - he's > [hi:z]
it is - it's > [its]
weare - we're > ["ia l]
you are - you're > [iua l]

they are - they're > [Dlei']
----
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii folosind f()l"Jnele prescurtate:
•
El este in camera. > He's in the room.
Suntem in apropierea ~colii. > We' re near the school.
Sunt in birou. > I 'Ill in the office.
Sunteti la Bucure~ti. > You're in Bucharest.

Ea este 0 feme ie, > She's a woman.
Ei sunt in strada. > Ihey're ill the street.
Ei sunt in strada. > TI1l"\" re III the street.
Aceasta este 0 statie. > II is;1 s(;lliull.
E~ti aproape de statie. > \'''11 ;11<' Ill:;!r tile statioll
Acum sa invaVim ciiteva verbe noi:
to work > 1111 ";\ '1,1 - a lucra
to get > IIU ~l'11 - a primi, a obtine
to know > 11UIl<lU] - a ~ti, a cunoa~te

to wait > [tu"ed] - a a~tepta
to speak > l tu spik] - a vorbi
to like > [tu laik] - a(-i) placea, a indragi
lar acum yom folosi aceste verbe in propozitii. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu verbele
care lipsesc. Folositi filtrul ro~u:
Ea intotdeauna obtine 0 camera la hotel. - She always >gets [gets] a room in the hotel.
El a~teapta des in apropierea ~colii. - He often >waits ["eits] near the school.
Vorbesc rar. - 1 seldom >speak [spi:k].
Lucram la Predeal. - We >work [" a:lk] in Predeal.
Lor Ie place femeia. - They >like [lalk] the wom~n.

UrmiHoarele expresii se folosesc destul de des:
to wo'rk at/in > l tu "a:'k Et/ll1] - a lucra la
to wait for > [tu "el t fa,'] - a a~tepta pe cinev", ceva
to speak to >[tllspd] - a vorbi Cll cineva
to like to > [tu lalk tll] - a-i placea sa faca ceva
Completati verbele care lipsesc din textul in Iimba engleza:
Ii place sa mearga la Bi.lCllre~ti, - She >lJkes to llalks tll] go to Bucharest.
A~teptam intotdeauna autobuzul. - We always >.vait for [Ueit 1'0 'I the bus,
Lucreaza In birou. - He >works in [" a:'ks m] the oHice,
in exercitiul urmator, exersati-va inca 0 data pronuntia ~i traducerea:
to work in a factory >(tu lJa:'k 111 d IlJJan] - a lucra intr-o fabrica
to get a bicycle >[tu get ,I balslkll - a primi 0 bicicletil
to like to speak >[tll 1<1Ik tll spl.kJ - a-i placea sa vorbeasca
to wait for a bus >[tll LICit Co:' a bas] - a a~tepta un autobu/
to speak to a boy >[tll sJ!l.k tu a bOI] - a vorbi cu un biliat
to know the entrance >[tu nau D7j entJans] - a eunoa~te intrarca
Traduceti In limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos. La sffir~it, nu uitati sa va verilical i ll'llducerea ~I
pronuntia:
El merge des la hotel. > 1J e often goes to the hote I. >[hl olil g,lll/ III I) " 11.1111<'11
El se afla in camera. > lie IS 111 the roOIll >[11l: iz 111 1)/,1 III III I
Ea se uita rar la ma~ini. > Sill' sL'll!ol111ooks at >[~i: scld.lIII Illk , I I
the C,II', D/a k.l'/I
Vorbese eu baiatul >I sp\.'ak tIl 111l' boy >[al Spl k III I) .1 1',,1 1'1 II
in fieeare dimineata. C\ ('J) \11\\\ \1\1\).'. 111() 'nlll l "'1
Intotdeauna primim camera. > \Ve ail, ays ,!el th\.' 100111, >[L1 1: 0 1'\'1/ "1'1 I) ,I III 1111
El a~teapta trenul > He \\-alts I'm the 11',!II1 >[hl: "\.1h III ' I) ,I 111'111
in fi ecare zi. every d'lY. \.'\'\\ dell

Merg des la biserica. > J orten go to church. > [ai ofn gau tLl t~a:'l~]
Este aproape de ~coaHi. > It's ncar the school. > [its nij' D7a sku:l]
Este 0 fabrica la Buzau. > There is a factory in Buzau, > [D"ea' izj fEkEui in buziiu]
Imi place sa lucrez. > I Ilk,' 10 work, > [ai laik tu"a:'k]
~i el cunoa~te hoteluL > I Ie ;J1so kllOws the hotel. > [hi: olsau nauz DZii hautel]
~i eu intru in cladire > I ;J1:;o c'IIll'l the building > [at olsau enta' D7a bildin lgl
in fiecare dimineala. CI CI \ IIIOrJlIllg, {'vri mO:'nin(gl]
Ea merge des cu autobuzul. > ,\/rl' "IIL'I! "~lies by bus. > [~l: ofn gilliz baf bas]
Unele verbe au aceea!ji forma ca !jf suhstalltivele:

, '
to walk > I III " 0 k I - a se plimba
a walk > l a " 0 J.: I - 0 plimbare
to work > [Ill ";1 'J.: - a lucra
work > [";1'1,1 - munca
Exista !ji substantive pe care Ie formam dill verhe:
to drive > I III dr;lfl I - a conduce
driver > I dlafl ;,' I - ~ofer, conducator auto
to speak > Illl SI)IJ.: I - a vorbi
a speech > I;, 'phi - vorbire, discurs
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii:
The driver goes for a walk every day. - ~oferul merge la plimbare in fiecare zi.
We go to work every morning. - Noi mergem sa lucram in fiecare dimineala.
There is also a speech. - Este ~i un discurs.
They speak about everything. - Ei vorbesc despre orice.
In expresiile to go to work (a merge la mUllcd) ,\'i to go to school (a merge la !jcoala) omitem articolul,
ca!ji In cazul expresiei to go to church (a merge la biserica).
..,..,
lata cateva cuvinte noi:
morning > [mo:'nin lgJ ] - dimineata
in the morning - dimincata (ca pCllOada de timp)
evening > [i: Vllll1(g)j - searii
in the evening > [Ill D/I i:vnin lgl ] - seara (ca perioada de limp)
red > [red] - ro~u
white > ["a't] - alb
good > [gud] - bun
bad > [bEd] - rau
five > [ fa/v] - cwei
two > [tlL] - doi
there > [D'e~l'] - acolo (cuvantul "th~'l\'" cste

adverb de lac, de aCl:ca sc afla la
sfar~itul propOZi\IL'j)
Acum citili cuvintele invajate antenor, intr-o alta ordine:
in the morning > [111 [)/a mO:'nll1(gl] - dimineata (ca perioada de limp)
red > lied] ~ ro~u
five > [fa/v] - cinci
good > [gud] - bun
evening > [i.vnm ,gl ] - seanl
bad > [bEd] - rau
two >1 111 .1 - doi
morning > !1ll0 '11111 1")) - dimincaja
there > [I l'Ld') - acolo
in the evening > lin D'I i:\JlIJl1"lj - scanl (ca per!oada de limp)
white > ["a'l) - alb
28
Completati propozitiile In limba engleza:
~i ~oferul are 0 ma~ina ro~ie. - The dri ver also has a >red [red] car.
Acesta este un discurs bun. -It's a >good [gud] speech.
El se plimba des seara. - He often walks >in the evening [in D/i
i: vnin lg 1]-
Noi vedem cladirea alba. - We see the >white [" a it] building.
Ea nu este In Bucure~ti dimineata. - She is not in Bucharest >in the morning

[in D'a mo:'nin lgl ].
~i ei au cinci ma~ini. - They also have >five [faiv] cars.
Vad doi baieti in apropierea ~colii. - I see >two [tu:] boys near the school.
Ea este 0 femeie rea. - She's a >bad [bEd] woman.
Merg des acolo. - I often go >therc l Olea'].
In exercitiul care unneaza, cuvintele din limba romana trebuie traduse In limba engleza:
cinci ferestre > five windows
doua seri > two evenings
~coala buna > good school
munca grea > l hl.d ";, 'k I > bad work
langa turnul ro~u > ncar the red tower
In magazinul alb > 1111 [)':I "aft ~()P J > in the white shop
nu dimineata > [not in IYa mo:'nin lgl ] > not in the morning
I ~I este un baiat rau. > [hiz a bEd boi] > He's a bad boy.
I ':1I merge des la lucru. > [~i: ofn gi:llIZ tu "a:'k) > She often goes to work:
hllll ~i nlU > [gud End bEd] > good and bad
~i el esle in cl~\direa alba. > [hi: iz ii!S,lll in IYa > He is also in the white
"ait hildin,glJ building.
1111 St'arll > not in the evening
a 11Il'1':I intr-ull birotl > I III ":I:'k III :11, ollsJ > to work in an oHice
")0
LECTIA
, 2 - PARTEA A DOVA
J
in aeeasta parte a leqiei nu mai introdueem materie noua; doar repetam eeea ee am invll\at pana aeum.
Cu ajutorul exercitiulul de citire yeti invata care este structura unei propozitii In limba engleza.
Repetarea permanentii a material ului asigura consolidarea cuno~tintelor, dar ~i utilizarea lor eu u~urinta.
Dupa un timp veti observa ea nu mai trebuie sa faceti eforturi pentru a va aminti un clIv[mt sau topiea
unei propozitii.
Citind eu voce tare, invatati mai mult dedit ati erede.
Va veti Insu~iti mult mai repede expresiile ~i eonstruetia propozitiei. in acest fel, yeti inva(a kCllile din
ce in ce mai repede ~i mai u~or!
Cititi dar, pronuntand cat mai corect urmatorul dialog. Repetati exercitiul pana cand IHI VL(I l11ai fa,
niei a gre~eala. Daca nu sunteti siguri In legatura cu pronuntia unul cuvant, cautati-l In vocahularul de
la sIar~itul eaietului de curs. Pentru u~urarea pronuntiei. am tiparit silabele accentuate culikrc ingro~ate.
Repetati cu voce tare:
Barbara: There's a church in the shopping street.

Peter: I know the church. It's near the railway station. We go there every mOl'lling.
Mary: I often go to school by bus. I know the driver. He likes the traffic in thc ~f rl'cl~.
Tom: I go to work by bicycle. I always see Peter. He walks on the sidc-w:dk IIr goes to
school.
Mary: Peter likes to go to school. When he enters the building he goes to a 1'1I011I, Then he
opens the red window and looks at the boys and girls in the street.
John: He also likes to go to the hotel. He knows five rooms in the hotl'!.
Tom: There's a good hotel In Bra~ov. The hotel has a white entrancc. The hoft'! also has a
restaurant; it's a good restaurant. I work there. I like there. I like 10 work there. I go
there in the morning.
Barbara: John also likes to go to the restaurant. He goes there every day.
Peter: You go to the restaurant every day. John waits for you in the cwning. I often see you in
the traffic.
Mary: We go to school in the evening l
Acum repetati tot ce ati invatat pana acum. Daca nu sunteti siguri de pronuntia sau intelesul unul
cuvant, cautali-l in vocabularul de la sIar~itul caietului de curs.
Folositi filtrul ro~u. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii, apoi verificati-va.
Efectuati tema pentru acasa numai dupa ce ati rezolvat acest exercitiu, tara gre~eli. Daca nu ati reu~it,
nu intrati in panica; citili de mai multe ori propozitiile in limba romana ~i reveniti asupra elementelor
de gramatica sau de vocabular care va ridica inca proQleme:
Barbara deschide intotdeauna u~a. > Barbara always opens the door.
Dupa aceea ea merge sa lucreze. > Then she goes to work.
Ea cunoa~te munca. > She knows the work.
Seara ea a~teapta ma~ina. > In the evening she waits for the car.
Este circulatie pe strada. > There's traffic in the street.
Baiatul se uita des la turn. > The boy often looks at the tower.
EI vede doua ferestre. > He sees two windows.
Lui ii place sa mearga la turn. > He likes to go to the tower.
Este 0 intrare in ro~u ~i una in alb. > There's a red and a white entrance.
Casa este aproape de biserica. > The house is near the church.
EI merge des la biserica. > He often goes to church.
$i ei viziteaza biroul in fiecare zi. > They also visit the office every day.
Dupa aceea ei merg cu ma~ina. > Then they go by car.
Barbara conduce intotdeauna ma~ina ro~ie. > Barbara always drives the red car.
Ea prive~te rar circulatia. > She seldom looks at the traffic.
Lui ii place sa conduca ma~ina. > He likes to drive a car.
Intotdeauna desehid u~a. > 1 always open the door.
j n fiecare zi te plimbi pana la cladire. > You walk to the building every day.
( 'i'\lId Ie a~teptam, privim > When we wait for you we look at the
I' ircula\ia de pe strada. traffic in the street.
Sl'ara ca merge intotdeauna cu autobuzul. > In the evening she always goes by bus.
I\POI ca mcrge la gara. > Then she goes to the railway station
III ll'sl:llIrallt ea vorbe~te cu baiatul. > In the restaurant she speaks to the hoy.
Ilaiallllilingl" eu trcnul in fiecare diminea\:1. > Thl" boy goes by train every lTIornillv.
0l"o,da l'sll' ill Strada Sla\iei. > The school is in Station Street.
> There is also a factory ncar thl" sl:lIioll
31
Tom lucreaza acolo. > Tom works there.
~i fabrica are un birou. > The factory also has ~lJl ullll'C
EI deschide intotdeauna birou1 > He always opens the Uj'lllT

~i vorbe~te cu Peter. and speaks to Peter.
Tom il a~teapta des pe Peter. > Tom often waits for Petel
Este a ma~ina proasta. > It" s a bad car.
John nu este In apartament. > John is not in the apal tllll'lll
EI este pe strada cu magazine. > He is in the ShOpplllg stlcl'l
El prive~te rar ma~ini1e. > He seldom looks at the eli'
iJ a~tept pe John in fiecare zi. > ] walt for John every day
Tom are a ma~ina buna. > Tom has a good car.
Acesta este un Rolls Royce. > It's a Rolls Royce,
E1 are ~i doua biciclete ro~ii. > He also has two red blcyck '
EI viziteaza seara Bucure~tiul. > In the evening he visits Illil 11.11\ I
Dupa aceea merge cu trenul ~i vede hotelurile > Then he goes by train ami ',ll' III\" Illllcls
~i restaurantele. and the restaurants.
Citi~i urmatoarele cuvinte. Literele din fieeare coloana tiparite cu caractere Ingro~a!l', dcscmneaza
aeela~i sunet:
[u] [e] [ail [I:]
school hotel like evening
room restaurant speech
two get white he
you red five see
32
, 2
2.1. "Acesta este" sau "acela este" se traduce In limba engleza prin "it is"l it if I . Accs!:! sc
prescurteaza In vorbire, dar ~i in scris; astfel, scrierea corecta ~i pronuntia este "it's"! '1:;1 .
2.2. in unniitoarele expresii nu se folose~te articol:
to go to church - a merge la biserica
to go to work - a merge la lucru

to go to school - a merge la ~coala
2.3. Dad vrem sa exprimam eil ceva cste, exista, folosim expresia "there is", a carei forma
prescUliata este "there's".
There is a red car in the street. - Este 0 ma~ina ro~ie pe strada.
Daca cuvantul "there" se afla la sfjr~itul propozitiei, are rol de adverb de loc ~i se traduce
"acolo".
She works there. - Ea luereaza acolo.
2.4. Formele conjugate ale verbului ,,10 be" (a fi) ~i variantele prescurtate sunt urmatoarele:
lam I'm - ell slInt we are we're noi suntem
you are you're - tu e$tl, dumneata e~ti you are you're voi sunteti
- dUl11ncavoastrii sunte\i
he is he's - el estc they are they're - ei sunt
she is she's - ea cstc
it is it's - acesta, asta este
2.5. Uncle verbe Ie folosim des in combina\ie cu anumite cuvinte:
to wait for - a a~tepta pe cineva, ceva
to speak to - a vorbi eu cineva
to work at/in - a lucra undeva
He always waits for Barbara. - EI 0 a~teapta Intotdeauna pe Barbara.
We speak to Peter every day. - Vorbim eu Peter in fiecare zi.
2.6. lata ciiteva substantive formate din verbe:
to drive - a conduce driver - ;;ofer, conducator auto
to speak - a vorbi speech - discurs, vorbire
to work - a lucra work - munca
to walk - a se plimba walk - plimbare
to enter - a intra in, a pa~i in entrance - intrare

:
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 2
Rezolvati ~i trimiteti spre verificare unnatoarele exercitii:
Indicatiile referitoare la rezolvarea temei ~i modul lor de trimitere Ie gasiti in indrulllarul de la

sIar~itul caietului de curs:
A Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana:
I. Is he near the railway station?
2. No, he always goes by bus.
3. The driver waits for Peter every morning.
4. He also likes to speak to Barbara.
5. There's a good restaurant in the hotel.
6. I walk to work every day.
B. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I. Ea merge des seara la restaurant.
2. Vedem gara in fiecare zi.
3. Camera are ferestre.
4. Fabrica este in apropierea oficiului.
5. Cunosc cladirea alba.
6. In fabrica este un birou.
C. Construiti propozitii in limba engleza folosind cuvintele de mai jos:
I. like to, I, drive, car, a
2. the driver, often, speak to, we
3. by car, she, goes, every day, to work
4. has, windows, the building, five

VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR
, 1 SI
, 2
a >ldj - un (articol nehotariH)
also >[~lls,lllJ - ~i, la fel ~i ... de asemenea
am > l Em J - sunt
an >[<lnl - un (articol nehotarat, se folose~te

Inaintea cuvintelor care Incep
cu 0 vocala)
always >[0:]'\:1/] - Intotdeauna, mereu
and > [End]
apartment > [apa:'tJll;ln\ I - apartament
apartment-building - bloc
are > [a:'] - e~ti, sunte\i, suntem, sunt
bad >[bEclJ - rau
to be > [tll bl.l -afi
bicycle > [ba/slkll - bicicleta
boy > [bo/] - baiat
building - cladire
bus >[b;lsi - autobuz
bus station - sta~ie de autobuz
by > [b;\/] - cu, pe (a calatori)
car >[b:'] - ma~ina, automobil
church >[t~il:'t~] - biserica
church tower > [t~ii:'t~ (alia'] - turn de biserica
door > [do:']
to drive > [tLl dra/v] - a conduce
driver > [dra/va'] - ~ofer, conducator auto
to enter >[tll ellta'] - a intra In, a patrunde In
entrance > [entrails] - intrare
evening - seara
in the evening > [in IYi i\1l111','lj - seara (ca perioada de timp)
every >[e\ril - fiecare, to~i, toate
every day - fiecare zi
factory >11'1<"(;1111 - fabrica, uzina

-
.
five > [fa/v] -cmci
to get > [tLiget] - a primi, a obtine
to go > [tu gall] - a merge
to go to > [tu gau tLl] - a merge la
good > [gud] - bun
to have > [tu h£\] - a avea
he > [hi:] - el
he's > [hl:z] - el este
house > [haus] - casa
> [a/] -eu '--.
I'm > [aim] - eu sunt
III > [111] - in, la, inauntruJ
IS > [IZ] - este, e
it > [It] - acesta, asta (pentrll obiectc, notiuni

abstracte, animalc, gellul neutru)
it's > [ItS] - asta este
to know > [tLi Hau] - a ~ti, a cunoa~te
to like > [tLi lark] - a(-i) placea, a i'ndragi
to like to > [Ill laik tu] - a-i placea sa faea eeva
to look > [tu lllk] - a privi, a se lIita
to look at > [tLl luk Et] - a se uita la, a privi la
morning > [Illo:'nin(g)] - dimineaFI
in the morning > [in DZa mo:rnin(g)] - dimineala (ca pcrioada de timp)
near > I ilia'] - aproape, 111 preajma
no > [Ilau] - nu, I1ICI 1111, l1ici 0
not > [noll - nu
office > [otis] - biroll, oliciu
often > [oftan], [ofn] - des
to open > [tu aUfln] - a dcschide, a desface
railway > [reil"ei] - cale ferata
railway station > [led"el stel~lI] - gara
red > [red] - ro~u

restaurant > llestarant],[restro:nt] - restaurant
room > [ru:m] - camera
school > [skull - ~coala
to see > [IU si:] - a vedea
seldom > [seld:ull] - rar
she > lsi] - ea
she's - ea este
shop - magazlll
shopping - cumparaturi
shopping street > [sopin"'l stri:l] - strada cu magazine
side-walk > l s:)/d"() L I - trotuar
so - astfel, a~adar
to speak >[Iu spiLJ - a vorbi
to speak to >[Iusprklul - a vorbi cu cineva, cuiva
speech > [Spl"] - vorbire, discurs
station > [slci:;n] - statie
street > [slii II - strada
the - (articol hotariit)
then > I [)Iell] - atunci, dupa aceea, apoi
there > [IYea'] - acolo
there's > [[Yea'z] - acolo este
they > lD/el] - ei, ele
they're > [D"el'] - ei/ele sunt
to > [tll] - 1. la, spre, catre

2. indica modul infinitival
verbelor; de exemplu: to speak
(ower > [tawl'] -tum
IralTic > [trEfik] - circulatie
(rain > [Ireln] - tren
Iwo > 111I1 -doi
(0 vi:;i( > [Ill \'i/ill - a vizita, a merge la
(0 wail :- 1111",/11 - a a~(cpta
to wait lor '. 1III ", '/1 [" ' 1 .. a a~tepta pe cine va, ceva
to walk > [tu uu.k] - a merge pe jos, a se plimba
walk :> ["o:k] - plimbare
we > [Ui'] -noi
we're >[Uia'] - noi suntem
when > [lien] - dnd, atunci cand
white > [t/att] - alb
window > ["ind:H1] - fereastra
woman > [" um im] - femeie, solie
to work >[tu"a"k] - a lucra
to work in/at > [tll "a "k ,nlEt] - a lucra la
work >(Ua.·kJ -munca
you > [ill: 1 - tu, voi, dumneavoaslra
you're > [ilia'] - tue~ti, voi suntc\i,

dumneata e~ti,
dumneavoastra SlII11c(i
1'n cazuri/e in care aufost prezentate dOUG prol1un(ii d~(erite pentru ace/a!j! cuwln(. 11IS('(1I1II1U cd pot
fi folosite ambele variante.
INVATAREA
, SISTEMATICA
Deseori, intre cl~tigatorul probei de zeee mii de metri ~i restul eoneurentilor e 0 diferenta de
doar ciitiva metri.
Aeesta este rezultatul unui antrenament mai sustinut,

,
al unui mod de viata "
mai sanatos si al unei ..'
pregatiri mai laborioase. Aee~ti faetori hotarase rezultatul final ~i ii difcrentiaza pc cl~tigatori de
restul eoncurcn~ilor.
Dumncavoastra a\i hotanit sa partieipati ~i sa absolvi(i eursul dc limba cngleza pentru ineepatori,
pentrll a fi mai bine pregatit pentru restul vietii. Exersa\i in ficcarc zi un sfert de ora! Nu este
mult, dar cstc foarte important sa faeeti aeest lueru eonsecvent ~i sistematico Nu va pierdeti
elanul Inlllpta ell grijilc cotidiene ~i nu va abateti de la Invii\arca zilnica. In eunind yeti eonstata
ca cforturile dlll11nCavoastru dau rczultate. Veti fi mai l11ai lI~or 111!clc~i dc persoanele straine,
yeti plltca vedca fill11e, yeti putea eiti in limba engleza. Cllnoa~terea acestei limbi de eireulatie
international a va poate influenta ~i aetivitatea profesionalil, precllm ~i alte domenii ale vietii
dumneavoastra, indiferent daea este yorba de petreeerea limplIllii liber, de viata soeiala sau de
eariera.
A~adar, aveti numai de ea~tigat.
Va ureaza mult sueees,
Profesorul dumneavoastra
© Copyright by
EUROCOR - Institutul European de Cursuri prin Coresponden1ii S. R. L.
1998
1. va rugam, incepe~i rezolvarea temei pentru acasa numai dupa ce a~i par-curs
intregul material, ati repetat cuvintele ~i ati rezolvat tara grqeli ultimele exercitii
de verificare. Inainte de a incepe rezolvarca acesteia va recomandam sa studiati cu
atentie ~i sa recititi inca 0 data textul, urmarind reguli1e pe care reeapitularea Ie
accentueaza prin punetare.
2. Atunei cand Invatam olimba straina, aceasta trebuie exersata ~i repetata eu aceea~i
perseverenta cu care am Invatat sa mcrgem. In acest seop v-au fost propuse 0 serie
de exereitii. Va sugeram sa revedeti din cand "in dnd materialul deja parcurs. In
scurt timp, eursantul se va convinge di accsl lucru nu cste lipsit de sens. Tema
implica intotdeauna ~i repetarea materiei din Icqiile anterioare. Obi~nuiti-va cu
acest mod de lucru, care, in mod spontan ~i tara eforturi deosebite, va
improspateaza ~i consolideaza cuno~tintele. Pentru a putea obtine rezultate in
invatarea limbilor straine cu ajutorull11etodei noastre, nu aveti nevoie de un talent
deosebit. Chiar ~i cei care sunt mai putini receptivi in invatarea lil11bilor straine,
vor ajunge dupa cateva luni de studiu la un nivella care nici nu au sperat.
Deci, fiti gata de lucru!
3. Propunerea noaslr~l cste sa Incepeti rezolvarea temei folosind ciorna. Va fi l11ai

u~or sa va corccta\i ~i sfl propuncti mai multe posibile raspunsuri, iar la sfar~it sa
alcgeti varianta care vi sc parc a fi cea l11ai buna.
4. Transcrieti tema "pc curat" doar cand sunteti siguri de rezolvare. Pentru trimiterea
temelor folositi forn1Ularele tiparite in acest scop.
5. Nu uitati sa va scrieti numele, prenumele, adresa, codul profesorului ~i numarul

de cursant sub care ati fost inregistrat. Acesta din urma se gase~te in scrisoarea care
confinna participarea dvs. la curs.
6. Va rugam scrieti citet!
7. Alaturati temei pentru acasa un plic timbrat autoadresat. In acest plic yeti primi
tema corectata.
8. Este foartc important Sil nola\i pc plic numarul de cursant sub care ati fost
inrcgislrat!
9. In cazul In t:al"l: WlllaIH!a\i matcrialc noi de curs, sau aveti alte cereri legate de
rcla(iilc t:u puhliclIl, st:ric(i-Ic scparal pe 0 foaie de bartie ~i trimiteti-le pe adresa
noastra ImprcLilla t:1I lcma. In wI\lIl din stflllgajos al scrisorii, scrieti "Relatii cu
publicul".
1O. Dumneavoastra suntcti cel care stabile~te termenul de trnmtere a temei.

Independent de acesta, lUCl-area dUl11neavostra va fi intotdeauna controlata ~i
retrimisa de catre profesor.
Veti vedea, eforturile dumneavoastra vor fi rasplatite. Va dorim mult succes!

LECTIA
, 3 PARTEA INTAI
Ineepem eu invatarea catorva euvinte noi:
town >[taun] - ora~
table > [teibl] - masa
clock >[klok] - eeas, orologiu
on > [on] - pe
day > [dei] - Zl
girl >[ga:rl] - fata
time > [taim] - timp, vreme
afternoon > [a:ftarnu :n] - dupa-amiaza
mother >[maDZa'] - mama
usually > [iu:juaJi] - de obieei,

in mod obi~nuit
Iar aeum sa exersam intr-o alta ordine euvintele noi impreuna eu

artieolul. Rcpetati:
the day > r IY~l dci] -ZlUa
usually ;;. IlIljllali I - de obieci,

III mod obi~nuit
a table > I a (tilll] - omasa
the afternoon > [O/i a:fht'nu:n] - dupa-amiaza
the mother > [DZa maDZa r] - mama
the time > [DZa taim] - timpul, vremea
a town > [a taun] - un ora~
on > [on] - pe
a clock > [a klok] - un eeas, un orologiu
a girl >[aga:'l] - 0 fata

In acest exercitiu yeti intalni cuvintele noi in expresii. Cititi textul ~i fiti atenti Ia pronuntie:
the boy and the girl > [DZa bOI End DZa ga: rI] - baiatul ~i fata
the clock on the table > [DZa klok on D'a teibl] - ceasul de pc masa
in the afternoon - dupa-amiaza
Mother usually looks > [maDZa r iu:juaiJ luks - Mama se uita de obicei
at the clock. Et DZa klok] la ceas.
It is a good day. > [it iz a gud dell - Aceasta este 0 zi buna.
Nu sc folose~te articolul lnaintea cuvantului town atunci cand reiese clar din context la care
ora..~ se refera vorbitorul. ill cursul lectiei vom Intalni mai multe exemple In acest sens.
I ar acum unneaza propozitii in care yom intalni cuvintele noi. Inainte insa, inca un lucru important:
At i /nvii(at ca particllla to precede verbul fa modul injinitiv, lnsii ea este folosita ~i pentru a
indica directia, tradllcClIldu-se prin la, spre, catre.
I have no time to visit > [al hEy n~lll taim ttl vizit - Nu am timp sa 0 vizitez pe
Barbara. ba"bla] Barbara.
He goes to school 1D > l h l: ga 11 / (II S k II: I In - Dupa-amiaza el merge la ~coala.

the afternoon. (YI ;l.lta'lIl1 111
She likes to go to town. > [~J. l;lIks III L;\II to 1.\11/1 I - Ei ii place sa mearga in ora~.
The girl usually waits > [Dla ga:rlllJ:Jllall ''l'lls - Fata a~teapta de obicei
for the train. fo: r DZa trelll] trenul.
It's a good day to work. > [its a gud del tll ua:'k] - Aceasta este 0 zi buna pentru
munca.
The boy has two tab les > [Dla boi hEz tu: te/blz - Baiatul are doua mese "\
in the room. in DZa nnn] in camera.
Mother is in the room. > [malY,Y 17. III D'a ru:m] - Mama este in camera.
---------------- --_.. -------------
Dupa cum ati observat, inaintea cuvantului "mother" nu este

necesara folosirea articolului.
-'
Cunoa~te!i deja cuvintele noi? Citi!i cu voce tare propozi!iile in limba engleza ~i completa!i-Ie:
Aceasta este 0 zi buna pentru plimbare. - It's a good> day [dei] to go for a walk.
Nu am timp pentru cumparaturi. - I have no > time [talm] for shopping.
Mama este in cladire. - > Mother [maDzii"] is in the building.
A~tept des cate 0 zi in ora~. - I often wait> in town [in taun] for a day.
Dupa-amiaza mergem la biserica. - We go to church> in the afternoon

[DZi a:ftarnu:n].
in camera sunt doua ceasuri. - There are two> clocks [kloks] in the room.
in propozitiile anterioare ati putut observa cd putem combina cuvantul for cu diferite cuvinte ~i
astjet fntelesul lui diferd de la caz la caz.
to wait for -a a~tepta pe cineva, ceva
for a day - pentru 0 zi, 0 zi, timp de 0 zi
to go for a walk - a merge la plimbare
to look for - a cauta
Yom invata din nou cilteva cuvinte noi. Fiti atenti 1a pronuntie!
p~opk >1 pi 1 11 1 popor, na\iune, oameni people >[ pi:pl]
IIIC(; ·111.1/',1 placlIl, f"llIllIOS, dragu\, sil1lpalic nice >11I<l/S]
big >Illlt'l 111(\1l', voltlll1il1os, Ill<lsiv big >[bigJ
first >[ta:'st] - prim, intai first >[fa:rst]
some >[sam] - ceva, cateva, ni~te, ciltiva, unii some >[sam]
country >[kantri] - tara, stat country >[kantri]
in urmatoarele propozitii yeti vedea felul in care folosim aceste cuvinte. Cititi propozitiile ~i
verificati pronuntia.
She's a nice girl. >[ ~i:z a nals ga:rl] - Ea este 0 fata draguta.
First he sees a white building. >[ta:rst hi: si:z a Uait bildin(g)] - intili el vede 0 cladire alba.
There's a big factory there. >[DZearz a big tEktari DZea r] - Acolo este 0 fabrica mare.
I know some good shops. >[ ai nau sam gud ~ops] - Cunosc ciHeva magazine bune.
Shc's there. >[~i:z DZei:'F] - Ea este acolo.

It's nice to see Mary. > [its nais tu si: meari] - Este placut sa 0 vad/
vedem pe Mary.
It's a big car. > [its a big ka: r] - Aceasta este 0 ma~ina mare.
Some people have houses >[sam pi:pl hEv hauziz - Unii oameni au case,
and some have apartments. End sam hEv apa:rtmants] iar unii au apartamente.
It's a nice country. > [its a nais kantri] - Aceasta este 0 tara frumoasa.
In limba engleza diteodata nu se folose~te articolul inaintea

substantivului, daca substantivul este la plural, de exemplu: "Some
people have houses and some have apartments."
Daca cuvantul "some" se afla inaintea substantivului, atunci nu

folosim articolul.
Citi~i urmiltoarele expresii ~i propozitii ~i incercati sa Ie traduceti:
I have somc clocks. >[al hEv sam kloks] > Am cateva ceasuri.
We usually go first. > De obicci mergem primii.
He sees a big station. > El vedc 0 statie mare.
Some girls like to walk. >1 sam ga:'!/ lalk III "o'k] > Unor fcte Ie place sa se plimbe.
He drives a big car every day. >[ hi: (!I-alv/ ,1 hIL', ka:' eVil dCI] >El conduce zilnic 0 ma~ina mare.
Bucharest is nice. >[ bukarest II: n,lls] > Bucure~tiul este frumos.
a big country >[a big kantri] >0 lara mare
the first building >[DZa fa:rst bildin(g)] >prima clad ire
Sa exersam cuvintele noi. Traduceti-Ie in limba engleza:
cateva ceasuri mari > I S;II11 hi!', k lob I - some big clocks
o tara frumoasa >1" 11"1', kalllill - a nice country
doua mese mari >[lu. hlg 1('/111/1 - two big tabks
prima zi frumoasa >[DZa f~l:'st 11,11:, d"11 - the first nice day
cateva fete >[sam ga:'lz] - some girls
cinci ora~e >[falV taunz] - five towns

Vorbese des eu mama. > [ai ofn spi:k tu maDZiF] - I often speak to mother.
Este timpul sa pleeam. > [its taim tu gau] - It's time to go.
Ea merge cateva > [~i: gauz tu DZi ofis sam - She goes to the office
dupa-amieze la birou. a:fUFnu:nz] some afternoons.
Nfaria este des aeolo. >[meari iz ofn D'eiF] - Mary is often there.
Sa verifieam daea ~titi deja euvintele noi. Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Noi suntem primii. > We are first.
Dupa-amiaza mergem des in ora~. > We often go to town in the afternoon.
El este un baiat dragut. > He's a nice boy.
In birou este 0 masa mare. > There's a big table in the office.
Cateva eamere au einei ferestre. > Some rooms have five windows.
Nu am timp sa merg la plimbare. > I have no tlme to go for a walk.
Mama intra in magazin in fiecare zi. > Mother enters the shop every day.
Aeesta este un ora~ aproape de Bucure~ti. > It's a town ncar Bucharcst.
Ceasul este fmmos. > The clock is nice,
Aceasta estc a tara mare. > It's a big country.
Unii Oal11Cnl I11crg Sl'ara la plimbare. > So 11](' pcople go for a walk 111 the evenings.
In leetia anterioara am diseutat deja despre vcrbul "to be" - "a fi". In aceasta leqie vom prezenta
formele interogative ~i negative ale acestui verb.
in cazul formiirii interogativului verbului to be se schimbii ordinea cuvintelor din cadrul

propozitiei, adicii substantivul sau pronumele personal oJi verbul loJi schimbii locul lntre ele.
Acest pro'cedeu se numeoJte inversiune.
Ajirmativ: In terogativ:
I am a girl. - Eu sunt (0) fata. Am I a girl? - Eu sunt (0) fata?
He is a boy. - El este (un) Miat. Is he a boy? - Este el (un) Miat?
They are in the - Ei sunt in camera. Are they in the - Ei sunt in camera?
room. room?
The girl is nice. - Fata este draguta. Is the girl nice? - Este draguta fata?
Transformati urmatoarele propozitii afirmative in propozitii interogative:
She is a mother. >Is she a mother? - Ea este mama?
We are in town. >Are we in town? - Suntem in ora~?

It's a big car. > Is it a big car'? - Aceasta este 0 ma~ina mare?
You are a good boy. > Are you a good hoy') - E~ti (un) Miat bun?
They are big buildings. > Are they big buildings? - Sunt cladiri mari?
I am in the house. > Am I in the house? - Sunt in casa?
He is in the office. > Js he in the officc'? - EI este in birou?
The car is nice. > Is the car nicc') - Este frumoasa ma~ina?
Cfllld rrispunsulla int'rebare este ajirmativ, acesta este fonnulat cu ajutorul cuvantului yes [ies]
- da, urmat de pronumele personal9i de catre verb. Substantivulfolosit in intrebare vafi inlocuit
de catre pronumele personal.
Iar acum unneaza diteva exemple in care raspunsul este pozitiv:
Are you in the house? - E~ti in casa? Yes, I am. - Da.
Is he a nice boy? - Este un Miat dragut? Yes, he is. - Da.
Are the people in the hotel? - Oamenii sunt in hotel? Yes, they are. - Da.
Are they in the office? - Ei sunt in birou? Yes, they are. - Da.
Are the cars white? - Ma~inile sunt albe? Yes, they are. - Da.
Is the boy in the room? - Baiatul este in camera? Yes, he is. - Da.
Is the girl nice? - Este draguta fata? Yes, she is. - Da.
Is the house big? - Este mare casa? Yes, it is. - Da.
It illiocuie,~tesubstantivele ajlate la persoana a treia singulQl; daca ne referim la obiecte, animale

sau abstrac{iuni. In celelalte cazuri folosim pronumele he sau she; they inlocuie9te substantivul
la plural.
Raspundeti la url11~\toarcle intrebari:
Is it a church? > Yes, It is.
Are they in the street?
Am I in the office? --.. 'I t'" I ,1111
Are we near Bucharest?
Is she a good girl?
Is the boy in the building? > Yl"" he is.
Is the bicycle white? > Ycs, it is.
Are the people in the restaurant? > Yes, they are.
Cand raspunsul este negativ, folosim cuvantul no [nau] urmat de pronumele personal, apoi de
verb, urmat de cuviintul not [not}
Sa vedem cateva exemple:
Are you a girl? - Tu e~ti fata? No, I am not. - Nu.
Is he in the house? - EI este in casa? No, he is not. - Nu.
Are they first? - Sunt primii? No, they are not. - Nu.
Raspundeti negativ la unnatoarele propozitii dupa modelul descris anterior:
Are you a boy? > No, I am not.
Is he in the car? > No, he is not.
Are we near Bucharest? > No, we are not.
Is it a big car? > No, it is not.
Is the factory big? > No, it is not.
Is mother in the shop? > No, she is not.
Is the boy in the car? > No, he is not.
Are the people nice? > No, they are not.
"is not" se prescurteaza "isn't" [iznt], iar "are not" se prescurtcaza

"aren't" [a:fnt]. "am not" de obicei se prescurteaza numai in cazul
construqici "I am not" care poate fi inlocuit cu fonna prescurtata
"I'1lI not".
la! aClllll S[l rCpC!£11ll cxcrci\iul anll'l"JOr l(lloslI1<1 In r£lspllllS f'ormclc prcscurtatc ale vcrbului:
Are you a boy? > No, "Ill Ilot
Is he in the car? > No, he Isn't.
Are we near Bucharest? > No, we aren't.
Is it a big car? > No, it isn't.
Is the factory big? > No, it isn't.
Is mother in the shop? > No, she isn't.
Is the boy in the car? > No, he isn't.
Are the people nice? > No, they aren't.
Acum unneaza cateva cuvinte cu ajutorul carora putem forma intrebari:
who >[hll:] - cine, pe cine who >[ Ill!:]
what >[Uot] - ce what >[ "ot]
where >[ UCaf] - unde, pe unde, incotro where >[ Ueaf]
when >[U en ] - cand when >[ Uen]
7
In fntrebari, cuvintele interogative who, what, where, when stau fnaintea verbelol~
rar acum sa Ie vedem ~i in propozitii interogative:
Who is it? >[ 1m: iz it] - Cine este?

What is it? >[Uotizit] - Ce este?
Where is the boy? - Unde este Miatul?

When are you in the >[Uen a: f iu: in 1)/;1 - Cand e~ti in cHidire?
building? bildin(g)]
Sa exersam cuvintele noi. Completati propozitiile Cli pronumele interogativ corespunzator:
Unde este biserica? - > Where ["car] is the church?
Cine este? ->Who[hu:] is it?
Ce este pe masa? - > What ["ot] is on the table?
Folositi cuvintele noi la traduccrca urmatoarelor propozitii:
Cine este [ata? > Who is the girl'l
Ce este in cladire? >What is in the building?
Unde este ma~ina? > Where is the car?
Cand e~ti in birou? > When arc you in the office?
Acum urmeaza cateva verbe noi. Repetati-le cu VOce tare:
to ask >I III .I.sk I - a intreba, a cere (cuiva, ceva) to ask >{tu a:sk]
to live >{ III IIV I - a trai, a locui to live >(tu liv]
to want >{ tu uontj - a vrca, a dori to want >[lu " on l)
to think >etu Tsin(g)k] - a gandi, a sc gilndi la to think >1 til T'lII(l')kj
La transcrierea foneticii a ultimului verb v-afi illlii/nil cu /1/1 semll !lOU, l' 1"]. Este folosit la
notarea grupului th, asemamitor semnului [ IY I.
Desigur nu ali uitat semnul [DZ] . Semnul [TsJ este Ioarte asemiiniitor, cu deosebirea cii nu este
sonor. Se roste~te ca t, cu limba fntre din (i. In timp ce ne retragem limba dintre dinfi, pronun!iim
un s. In acest caz corzile vocale nu vibreaza.
to think
.8
Sa repetam verbele noi. Traduceti unnatoarele expresii in limba engleza ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
el este >he is >[hi: iz]
eu vreau > I want >[aIUont]
ei gandesc >they think >[DZel TSin(g)k]
noi traim/locuim >we live >[Ui: liv]
tu intrebi >you ask >[iu: a:sk]
ei intreaba > they ask >[DZei a:sk]
tu e~ti > you are >[iu: a: r ]
ellocuie~te > he bves >[hi: livz]
noi vrem >we want >[Ui: Uont]
voi ganditi >you think > [iu: TSin(g)k]
Sa vedem daca ati reu~it sa vi Ie insu~iti. Cititi ~i completati unnatoarele propozitii:
Ne place sa locuim la Bucure~ti. - We like to> live [liv] in Bucharest.
Cred ca vrea sa fie primul. - 1>think [TSin(g)k] he wants to be first.
o intreb des pe Maria. - I often >ask [a:sk] Mary.
Ea vrca sri locuiasca la Bucure~ti. - She >wants [Uonts] to live in Bucharest.
Suntcm intotdeauna aeola. - We >are ['lor] always there.
Vrcau sa al11 0 l11a~ina. - I >w.l11i I"oldl to have a car.

Eu cred ca aceasta nu este 0 ~coala buna. - 1 >tiJlIlk I I' 111("lk I it is a bad school.
In propozitiile atributive, cuvintele relativ-interogative who,

where, when pot fi omise.
Folositi cuvintele noi in traducerea urmatoarelor propozitii:
Cred ca ii place sa locuiasca > I think she likes to live > [al TSin(g)k ~i: laiks tu liv
la ora~. III town. in taun]
Ea vrea sa vada strada > She wants to see the >[~i: Uonts tu si: DZa
comerciala. shopping street. ~opin(g) stri:t]
Apoi ea vrea sa mearga > Then she wants to visit > [Dzen ~i: Uonts tu vizit
la biserica. the church. Dza t~iLrt~]
Traim intr-o tara mare. > We live III a big country. >[Ui: liv in a big kantri]
9
LECTIA
, 3 - PARTEA A DODA
In propozi~iile urmatoare ve~i intaIni un cuvant nccunoscut. Pentru inceput, sa exersam pronuntia lui:
through through
Citi~i propozitiile ~i re~ineti traducerea noului cuvant:
1 seldom look through the window. - Privesc rar prin geam (pe fereastra).
through and through - de la un capat la celalalt (de-a lungul ~i

de-a latul)
It's a through train to London. - Accsta este un tren direct spre Londra.
It's a street for through traffic. - Este 0 strada pentru circulatie continua.
lata inca un cuvant nou:
behind >[bihaind] behind >[bihaind]
She's behind the building. - Ea este in spatele cladirii.
He usually walks behind John. - De obicei merge in urma lui John.
The office is behind the school. - Oficiul este in spatele ~colii.
"He usually walks behind John."
Sa exersam cuvintele noi eu ajutoruf cfttorva cxcmplc. Rcpctati propozitiile ~i fiti atcnti la
pronun~ie:
She is behind the shop. - Ea cstc in spatclc magazinului.
I know the town through >[ainall IYal.lllll 1'111 - ClInosc ora~ul de la un capat
and through. End TSru:] la celalalt.
She sees a red car through >[~i:

si:z a red ka· I "ILl:
1
- Ea vede 0 ma~ina ro~ie
the window. DZa Uindau] pe fereastra.
You often go to the church >[iu: ofn gau tu DZa t~a:rt~ - Tu mergi des la biserica
behind the station. Qihamd DZa stei:;;n] din spatele sta~iei.
He goes by bicycle through >[hi: gauz bal baisikl TSru: - E1 merge cu bicicleta prin
the town every day. DZa taun evri dei] ora~ in fiecare zi.
In prima parte a lectiei am clarificat regulile de formare a intrebarilor ~l raspunsunlor cu ajutorul
verbului to be. lnversiunea nu poate fi folosita in toate cazurile de formulare a intrebarilor.
La timpul prezent, daca verbul de conjugat nu este to be, intrebarea

se fonnuleaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to do.
in propozifiile aflrmative intalnite pana aeum, verbul era folosit la timpul prezent simplu -
(the Simple Present Tense [DZa simpl prezant tens]). in propozi{iile interogative, toate verbele
cu exceptia lui to be, sunt illsofite de auxiliarul verbul to do [tu du]. in aeest caz verbul to do
[tu du] sta inaintea subiectului dupa care urmeaza verbul de conjugat.
Sa urmarim exemplele:
Verb + pronume personal + verb +

auxiliar sau substantiv
Do they like the town? - Lor Ie place ora~ul?
Do you want a car? - Vrei 0 ma~ina?
Do the girls live in Bucharest? - Fetele locuiesc la Bucure~ti?
Comparati propozitiile afinnative cu propozitiile corespunzatoare interogative ~i repetati:
I like the town. >[ai laik DZii taun] - Imi place ora~u!.
Do I like the town? >[du ai lalk DZa taun] - Imi place ora~ul?
You go to the shop every day. >1 Ill. gdll tll 1)1a sop eVIl dC!] - Mergi la magazin in fiecare zi.
Do you go to [he shop '1 dll III 1',111 III I Va sup - Mergl la magazin
every day? ('I'll dul in licearc zi'!
We always wait for >l"" O:I" CU liCit 1'0:' - A~teptam intotdeauna

the train. DZa trein] trenu!.
Do we always wait >[ du "i: o:l"eiz "eit - A~teptam intotdeauna

for the train? fo:[ OZa trein] trenul?
You often go for a walk. >[iu: ofn gau fo:[ a "o:k] - Mergi des la plimbare.
Do you often go for a walk? >[ du iu: ofn gau fo:[ a "o:k] - Mergi des la plimbare?
Transformati unnatoarele propozitii in propozitii interogative:
They often go to church. >Do they often go to church?
We seldom see the boy. >00 we seldom see the boy?
I visit Mary every day. >00 I visit Mary every day?
You always work in the big building. >00 you always work in the big building?
We usually walk to work. >00 we usually walk to work')
The boys like the town. >00 the boys like the town'?
11
Daca in intrebare figureaza pronumele he, she, it sau un substantiv,
verbul auxiliar va fi does [daz), iar verbul aflat in propozitie nu
prime~te terminatia ,,-s".
~i acum, prin intennediul exemplelor urmatoare yeti vedea cum folosim verbul auxiliar "does":
She often goes to Bucharest. >[~i: ofn gallZ tu bubrest]

Does she often go >[ daz ~i: ofn gall - Ea merge des la Bucurqti?
to Bucharest? tu bukarestJ
He se ldom visits Mary. >[hi: seldam vi71ts mean]

Does he seldom visit Mary? >[ daz hi: scldiill1 vint mcari] - El 0 viziteaza rar pe Maria?
Peter goes to school every day. >[pi:tar gauz tu sku:1 evri dei]
Does Peter go to school >[daz pi:ta r gall tLi sku:l - Petre merge la ~coala
every day? evri dei) in fiecare zi?
Ca ,~i in cazul verbului "to be ", in intrebiiri fo!oslIn ~i cuvinte interogative (" where ", "when ",
etc.) care stau inaintea verbe!or auxiliare !a inceputu! propozifiei, de exemplu:
Where do you usually go >["ea r du iu: iu:juali gau - Unde mergi de obicei
in the morning? in DZa mo:rnin(g)] dimineata?
When do you usually open >["en du LU: iu:juali aupn - Ciind deschizi de obicei
the shop? D7 a ~op] magazinul?
What cars does she like? >["ot ka:rz daz ~i: lalk] - Ce fel de ma~ini ii plac (ei)?
When does he visit the girl? >["en daz hi: vizll [Ya ga:'I] - El cand viziteaza fata?
Where do they walk >["ca' du lYcl "o.k - Unde se plimba (ei)

every day? eVil dC11 in fiecare zi?
What school do you like') >1"01 sku.1 <Ill Ill: lalk] - Ce ~coala iti place?
Completati unnatoarc!e propozitii:
John walks to work - Where ><Iocs .lohn walk - Unde se Jplimba Ion
every day. every day? in ficcare zi?
They often visit the woman. - When >do they VISII the - Ei cand viziteaza fendeia?
woman?
We seldom see the buildings. - What >do we seldolll see? - Ce vedem rar?
He opens the shop - When >does he open - Ciind deschide (el)

in the morning. the shop? magazinul?
12
!ntrebarea se formuleaza altfel cu ajutorul cuvfmtului who.
Constructia interogativului fonnulata cu ajutorul cuvantului "who"

("cine?") este asemanatoare cu cea a propozitiei afirmative, numai
ca pronumele personal sau substantivul este inlocuit de cuvantul
"who". In acest caz, verbul va fi conjugat la persoana a treia
singular, deci va primi intotdeauna tenninatia ,,-s".
$i acum sa vedem ciiteva exemple in acest sens:
Propozi!ie afirmativii: Propozi!ie interogativii folosind "who":
John opens the door Who opens the door >[hu: aupnz DZa do: r - Cine deschide u~a
every day. every day? evri del] in fiecare zi?
They seldom see Who seldom sees >[hu: seldam si:z - Cine vede rar
the station. the station? DZa stel~n] statia?
You like cars. Who likes cars? >[I1U: laiks ka:rz] - Cui ii plac
ma~inile?
Formula~i intrebari cu ajutorul cuvantului "who":
Cine vorbqte rar Cll Maria? > Who seldom speaks to Mary')
Cui Ii place casa? >Wlw lIkes Ihe !lousc'!
Cine vrea sa mcarg~l la plimbarc? > WI1() W;lliis !() ~'() I()I ;1 w;Jik'!
Cine il viziteaza pe Richard III ficcarc zi? >WlJo VISits 1~lchaJ(1 every day'!
"
Dacii riispundem afirmativ la 0 fntrebare care fncepe cu do/does, atunci dupa cuvantul yes
punem pronumele personal corespunziitor, apoi verbul auxiliar. in eazul raspunsurilor seurte
do se pronun!a cu "u" lung.
Do you like the girl? Yes, I do. - Da.
Does she live in Bucharest? Yes, she does. - Da.
Do we go to school Yes, we do. - Da.

in the morning?
Does he visit the woman Yes, he does. - Da.

every day?
Does the boy like cars? Yes, he does. - Da.
Does mother go to work Yes, she does. - Da.

every day?
Dacii riispunsulla fntrebare este negativ, pronumele personal se aflii dupii cuvfmtul "no ", urmat
de verbul auxiliar ~i cuvantul "not ", de exemplu:
Do you like the girl? No, I do not. Nu.
Does she live in Bucharest? No, she does not. Nu.
Do we go to school No, we do not. Nu.

in the morning?
Does he visit the woman No, he does not. Nu.

every day?
Does the woman like No, she does not. Nu.

Bucharest?
Fonna prescurtata a lui "do not" este "don't" [daunt], iar a lui
"does not" este "doesn't [daznt].
Acum sa folosim formele prescurtate. Dati raspunsuri negative la urmatoarele intrebari:
Do you like the girl? >No, I don't.
Does she live in Bucharest? >No, she doesn't
Do we go to school in the morning? >No, we don't.
Does he visit the woman every day? >No, he doesn't.
In continuare vom exersa formarea interogativului la timpul Simple Present.

Traduceti in limba engleza:
Unde mcrgi adesea? > Where do you often go')
Ei 0 viziteaza pe fcmeie In fiecare zi? > Do they visit the woman every day?
Cand mergi de obieei sa te plimbi? > When do you usually go for a walk?
Cui Ii place sa se uite la eirculatie? > Who likes to look at the traffic?
Deschizi des fereastra? > Do you often open the window?
Unde este Petre? > Where is Peter'.'
~i fata vrea sa mearga cu trenul? > I )(WS lill' I' Iii ;lIso W;lllt to go hy train?
Cine 11 a~teapta intotdeauna pe biilat?
Ei vad autobuzul pc fereastra? > I )\) II\cy scc lhe bus through the window?
Cine este In cladire? >Who IS in thc building?

Cuno~ti hotelul din strada Garii? > 1)0 you know the hotel in Station Street?
Vrei sa mergi aeolo dupa-amiaza? > Do you want to go there in the afternoon?
Unde vrei sa mergi eu autobuzul? > Where do you want to go by bus?
Cand vrea ea sa mearga la Bueure~ti? >When does she want to go to Bucharest?
Aeesta este un birou? > Is it an office?
14
Sa continuiim cu fnviitarea exprimarii posesiei, deci cu adjectivele posesive:
my > [mail - meu, mea, mei, mele
your > [ LO: f ] - tau, ta, Uii, tale
his > [hiz] allui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale
her > [ha: f ] - al ei/sa, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale
its > [its] lui, sale, ei (pentru obiecte, notiuni abstracte,

animale)
our > [ aua f ] - nostru, noastra, no~tri, noastre
your > [ io: f ] - vashTI, voastra, vo~tri, voastre,

dumncavoastra
their > IIYl'I' I - lor
Polosim accs(e ./iJrme ale adjectivului posesiv atat pentru singular, cat ~i pentru plural, de
exemplu:
my shop - magazinul meu my shops - magazinele mele
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii care cuprind adjective posesive. Fiti atenti la pronuntia corecta:
It is my house. >[it iz mai halls] - Aceasta este casa mea.
Our car is red. >[aua f ka: f iz red] - Ma~ina noastra este ro~ie.
Your clock is nice. >[io: f klok 17 IlaIS] - Ceasul tau este frumos.
It is a nice house. >[it iz ~l nais haus] - Aceasta este 0 casa frumoasa.
Its windows are big. >[its Uindauz a: f big] - Geamurile sale sunt mario
His shops are big. >[hiz ~ops a: f big] - Magazinele lui sunt mario
Their school is in Station > [DZel' sku:1 iz in stei~n - ~coala lor este pe strada
Street. stri:t] Garii.
Your country is big. >[io:' kantri iz big] - Tara voastra este mare.
It is her bicycle. >[it iz ha:' baisikl] - Aceasta este bicicleta ei.
In limba engleza, daca se folose~te adjectivul posesiv, articolul

este omis.
Completati propozitiile de mai jos cu pronumele posesiv corespunzator.
Unde este ~coala ei? - Where is > her school?
Ea merge des in casa lui? - Does she often go to > his house?
Tatal nostru merge la magazin in fiecare zi. - > Our fathergoes to the shop every day.
o vizitam rar pe mama lor. - We seldom visit> their mother.
Unde este bicicleta ta? - Where is > your bicycle?
Acum urmeaza cuvinte noi:
green >[gri:n] - verde >[gri:n] green
blue >[blu:] - albastru >[blu:] blue
short >[~o:rt] - scurt, mic, scund >[~o:'t] short
long >[lon(g)] - lung, indelungat, mare >[Ion(g)] long
Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare, articulat:
I have a blue car. >1 ,If ilLv (l bill: ka:'] - Am 0 ma~ina albastra.
It's a green house. >llls:t 1',11'11 il,IlIS] - Accasta este 0 casa verde.
I often go for a short >1,11 (1111 !'dll lu I d:;;U 'I - Adesea merg sa fac 0 plimbare
walk. "u.k I scurta.
It's a long table. - Aceasta este omasa mare/lunga.
We always wait for the bus >[ lI i: o-I"ci/ '\'11 Ill' 1)/,1 h,IS - Intotdeauna a~teptam mult
for a long time. fo:' a IOIl(~') 1.111111 timp autobuzul.
Retineti urmatoarea expresie:
for a long time - timp indelungat, pe/pentru timp indelungatl

multa vreme
In limba engleza adjectivele (ca de exemplu: "big", "nice", "long",

"short") nu se conjuga, forma de la plural fiind aeeea~i cu cea de
singular.
16
Traduce1i in limba engleza urmatoarele propozi1ii:
Nu imi place albastrul ~i verdele. > I don't like green and blue.
In ora~ sunt ~i strazi scurte. > There are also short streets in the town.
Este 0 camera albastra in casa. > There is a blue r00111 Il1 the house.
Aceasta este 0 strada lunga. > It's a long street.
In acest ultim exercitiu al leqiei vom recapitula cuvintele noi ~i gramatica. Treceti la rezolvarea
temei doar daca efectuati acest exercitiu tara gre~eIi ~i credeti ca ati reu~it sa va insu~iti materialuI.
Tara voastra este mare? > Is your country big?
Nu avem timp sa vizitam fetele. > We have no time to visit the girls.
Unde locuiqti? > Where do you live?
Merg des la Bucure~ti pentru 0 zi. > I often go to Bucharest for a day.
In spatele statiei este 0 ~coala. > There is a school behind the station.
Unii oameni merg seara la plimbare? > Do some people go for a walk in the evening?
Cine intra de obicei primul in cladire? > Who usually enters the building first?
Pe masa este un ccas frumos. > There is a nice clock on the table.
Mama noastra crede ca suntem in casa. >Our mother thinks we are in the house.
Imi place S~l vorbesc cu mama lui. > I like to speak to his mother.
Sunt eateva orologii mari in ora~. >There are some big clocks in the town.
Cand a a~tepti pc mama ta? > When do you wait for your mother?
Ce este? >What is it?
ered ca este un hotel dragut. > I think it's a nice hotel.
Mama ei se uita des pe fereastra. > Her mother often looks through the window.
Mamele lor sunt in ora~. >Their mothers are in town.
In ora~ este un trafic permanent. > There is through tranlc III tile town.
Urmeaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele at1ate in aceea~i colmma scrise ingro~at desemneaza
accla~i sunet:
[all [ei] [a: ] [au] [11 J

nice day car know school
time table are window you
five wait afternoon go blue
like railway ask through
white they two
side
behind
, 3
A. Reguli gramaticale
3.1. Nu se foloseste articolul inaintea cuvantului "town" daca ~tim precis despre care ora~
este Yorba, de exemplu:
We often go to town. - Mergem des in ora~.
3.2. Ati observat mai devreme ca particula "to" precede verbulla modul infinitiv, insa
ea se mai folose~te ~i pentro a indica directia, (traducfmdu-se prin "la", "spre",
"catre") sau pentro introducerea unor prepozitii.
I usually go there to visit the boy. - De obicei rna due acolo sa vizitez baiatul.
3.3. Nu folosim articol inaintea cuvantului "mother" daca ~tim precis despre cille este yorba:
Mother is in the room. - Mama este in camera.
3.4. Cuvantul "for" poate fi folosit atat cu verbe, cat ~i cu substantive:
to wait for -a a~tepta (pe cineva)
for a day - pentro 0 zi
to go for a walk - a merge la plimbare
to look for - a cauta
for a long time - timp indelungat, multa vreme
3.5. Intrebari ~i raspunsuri cu verbul "to be" la timpul prezentul simplu (Simple Present):
3.5.1. Fonnulam intrebarea cu ajutorol verbului "to be" inversancl ordinea propozitiei
afinnative, deci substantivul sau pronumelc personal schimba locul cu verbul.
Acest procedeu se nume~te inversiune:
She is a girl. - Is she" girl"
The boys arc nice. - Arc Ihl.' boys nice?
3.5.2. Daca dam un raspuns afirmativ, allinci propozitia incepe cu "yes", unnat
de pronumele personal ~i verb. Slibslan(ivul care figureaza in intrebare va fi
inlocuit cu pronumele personal corcspllnzator:
Is she a girl? - Yes, she is.
Is the boy in the office? - Ycs, he is.
3.5.3. In cazul negatiei cuvantul "no" este urmat de pronumele personal, verb ~i
cuvfmtul "not":
Is she in the office? - No, she is not.
3.5.4. "is not" sepoate prescurtaca"isn't", iar "are not" ca "aren't". Forma "am not" nu se
prescurteaza. Doar fonna "I'm not" poate fi folosita in locullui "I am not".
3.5.5. In intrebari care cer un raspuns descriptiv, pronumele interogative stau la

inceputul propozitiei:
1Q
What is it? - Ce este aceasta?
3.6. Intrebari ~i raspunsuri la timpul Simple Present:
3.6.1. Formulam intrebarea eu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare "do" sau "does" care
sunt unnate de un pronume personal sau substantiv ~i apoi de verb. Verbul
nu se conjuga. "does" se folose~te in cazul persoanei a treia singular, in rest
folosim "do":
Do you like the girl? - Does he visit Mary every day?
3.6.2. Cuvintele interogative "what", "where", "when" stau inaintea verbelor auxiliare
"do/does":
When does she go to work?
3.6.3. Construetia intrebalilor care ineep eu "who" este identiea eu eea a propozitiilor
afinnative, cu deosebirea ca in locul pronumelui personal sau al substantivului
sta cuvantul "who". Vcrbul se afla intotdeauna la persoana a treia singular, deci
prime~te tenninatia "s":
Who looks through the window?
3.6.4. Daca dam un raspuns afinnativ la 0 intrebare care incepe eu "do/does" atunci
raspunsul incepe ell "yes" fiind unnat de pronumele personal ~i de verbul auxiliar:
Yes, I do. Yes, he does.
:1. (1.5 R:lspunsu I llcgativ incepc cu "no", apoi unneaza pronumele personal ~i verbul
auxiliar ~i sc lumina ell "not":
No, I do not. No, he does not.
3.6.6. "do not" se prescurteaza "don't", iar "does not" se prescurteaza "doesn't":
No, we don't. No, she doesn't.
3.7. Adjectivele posesive:
my - meu, mea, mei, mele our - nostru, noastra, no~tri, noastre

your - tau, ta, tai, tale your - vostru, voastra, vo~tri, voastre,
dUl11itale, dumneavoastra
thclr - lor
his - allui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale

her - ei, sau, sa, sai, sale
its -lui, sale, ei (pentm obiectc, notiuni abstracte, animale)
3.7.1. Adjectivele posesive nu-~i sehimba fonna la plural:
It is my chair. - (Acesta) este scaunul meu.

They are my chairs. - (Acestea) sunt scaunele mele.
19
3.7.2. In eazul folosirii pronumelor posesive nu punem artieolinaintea substantivului:
He often visits his mother. - EI 0 viziteaza des pe mama sa.
3.8. In limba engleza adjeetivele, ea de exemplu: "big", "niee", "Iong", "short" nu se

aeorda in gen ~i numar eu substantivul detenninat.
It's a nice boy. - Este un baiat dragut.
The boys are nice. - Baietii sunt draguti.,
B. Pronuntia
3.9. Pronuntia grupului de sunete [TS], eorespunzatoare lui "th", este asemanatoare
eu pronuntia eomplexului de sunete [D Z ], eu deosebirea ea primul nu este sonor.
[TS] se rostc~te ea "t" eu limba intre dinti. In timp ee ne retragem limba dintre dinti,
pronuntam un "s". In aeest eaz eorzile voeale nu vibreaza:
think
through
3.10. In raspunsurile seurte "do" se pronunta eu "u" lung [du:]
20
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 3
Rezolvati exercitiile ~i trimiteti-le spre corectare.
A. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana:
1. I think he wants to be first at work.
2. There is a big building behind the station.
3. Where does his mother work?
4. The girl wants to visit Bucharest.
5. Who often sees your mother?
6. Are the clocks on the table in the room?
1. Cred ca ea vrea sa locuiasca intr-un ora~ fmmos.
2. Unde vor sa mearga baietii seara?
3. a roaga pe mama sa sa mearga la plimbare.

4. A~tepti des trenul?
5. Cand merge ea de obicei la biserica?
6. Cui ii place sa viziteze hoteluri Ie?
C. Urmatoarele propozi(ii sunt gre~ite. Serieti-le corect:
I. I orten goes to the school behind the station.
2. Where do he wants to live?
3. I usually go to school in afternoon.
4. We also are in her big house.
5. He often want to go by bus.
21
LECTIA
, 4 PARTEA INTAI
Vom invata acum alte cuvinte noio Cititi-le ~i straduiti-va sa Ie pronuntati

cat mai corect.
hour >[aua r] - ceas, (ora)
minute >[minit] - minut
father >[fa:Dza r] - tata
chair >[ t~carJ - scaun
today >[tadei] - azi, (astazi)
six o'clock > [siks aklok] - ora ~ase
the second >[DZa sekand] - al doilea
square >[ skUea'] - piata
statue >[ stEtiu:] - statuie
Repetati aceste cuvinte in alta ordine:
father >[fa:DzarJ - tata
square >[ skUea'] - piata
hour >[ aua'] - ceas, (ora)
six o'clock >[ siks aklok] - ora ~asc
statue >[stElill:l - statuic
chair >lls\o:\' I - seaun
the sccond °11 )/" sd.;llld I - al doilea
today --II;lIk/l - azi, (astazi)
minute >lllIillill - minut
Important!
an hour >[all aua'] - 0 ora
Aici nu "a", ci "an" [an] sUi inaintea lui "hour", deoarece pronun!ia
cuvantului incepe cu 0 vocala: [aua'] .
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii ~i fiti atenti la traducerea lor:
It's six 0' clock >[ its siks aklok - Este ora ~ase
in the morning. in D Z:'! mo:rnin(g)] dimineata.
There's a statue >[DZea'z a stEtiu: - In piata este 0 statuie.

III D :'! skUea r ]
Z
in the square.
There are some chairs >[DZea' a:' sam t~ea'z - In camera sunt diteva scaune.
in the room. in DI[( ru:m]
1 wait for the bus five >[ al "cit fo:' DZa bas faiv - In fiecare zi a~tept autobuzul
minutes every day. minits evri dei] cinci minute.
The second car is red. >[ Dl[( sekand ka: r iz red] - A doua ma~ina este ro~ie.
We seldom go to town >[U 1: seldam gau tu taun - Raeori mergem In ora~

for one hour. fo:' "an aua'] pentru 0 ora.
Traduceti cuvintele noi in limba engleza:
aZl >today
>square
scaun >chair
ora ~ase >six o'clock
al doilca >thc sccone!
minut >milllllc
tata
statuic >statlJC
ora >hour
Inainlca cuvantului ,,father" nu folosim articolul, ca si in cazul

eu vfllllU lui "mother".
Iar acum vom forma propozitii folosind cuvintele noi. Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza ~i
verificati rczolvarea:
Al doilea autobuz merge in piata? > Does the second bus go to the square?
EI are un scaun albastru. > He has a blue chair.
Intotdeauna 0 a~tept pe Maria 0 ora ~i > I always wait for Mary one hour and
cinci minute. five minutes.
Este ora ~ase seara. >It's six o'clock in the evening.
Statuia este in piata? > Is the statue in the square?

Am invatat deja aproape toate numeralele de la unu la zece. Acum Ie vom completa cu numeralele
care lipsesc.
one > [U an ] -unu SIX > [siks] - ~ase
two > [tu'] - doi seven > [sevn] - ~apte
three >[TSli:] - trei eight > [elt] - opt
four >[fO:f] - patru nme > [nam] -naua
five >[falv] - cinci ten > [ten] - zece
Pentru a vi Ie insu~i, cititi cu voce tare urmataarele randuri de cifre:
1-2-3 one-twa-three
4-5-6 four-five-six > [fa: f falv siks]
7-8-9-10 seven-eight-nine-ten > [sevn elt nam ten]
Traduceti unnataarele cifre in limba engleza. Fiti atenti la pronuntie!
2-4-6-8 > twa-faur-six -eight
1-3-5-7 > ane-three-five-seven
1-2-9-10 > one-two-nine-ten
3-1-6-9 > three-one-six-nine
10-8-3-6 > ten-clght-thrcc-six
CunosC(]nd acum ciJrele, vam lnviifa cuvintele necesare pentrll exprilllare(/ orei. lata cliteva:
half >Iklll - jumatate
past :-- II ).1 .J I - trccut (de); ~i
half an hour >1 Ii.l I .III all,l'l - jumatate de ora
half past one >llw·l"p<l:-.t ",1111 - unu ~i jumatate
Observa{i ca In limba engleza exprimarea lui unu ~i jumatate: (half past one) ar lnsemna, printr-o
traducere cuvant cu cuvant, "cu jumatate de ora trecut de ora unu ".
Expresia o'clock apare In propozifie cand ne referim la orejixe.ln alte situafii nufolosim aeest
euvant. Atunei eand menfionam ora $i minutulnu este obligatoriu safolosim $i cuvantul minute.
Dadi vrem sa spunem ea la 0 anumita ora se lntampla ceva, folosim prepozitia at lllaintea orei
respective:
la ~apte - at seven 0' clock
la zece - at ten 0' clock
in vorbirea eurenta adeseori se lIeglijeaza euvantul a' clock.

$i acum sa vedem toate acestea in propozitii:
It's ten past six. - Este ora ~ase ~i zece minute.
I usually go to school at seven 0' clock - De obicei merg Ia ~coala Ia ora

in the morning. ~apte dimineata.
She thinks it's nine 0' clock. - Ea crede ca este ora noua.
My train is at half past two. - Trenul meu este la doua ~i jumatate.
It's nine. - Este ora noua.
Nu uitali cii ill lilli/ill el/,l!,/e::;u /Jro/JOzitiile de tipul Este ora zece incep cu cuvantul it: It is ten.
in leclia anterio(/l"ii till josf illfroduse cu riispunsurile scurte care se dau la timpul Prezentul
Simplu (Simple Presclll). Acum vom vedea cum se jormeazii negafia en cazul riispunsurilor
dezvo Ita te.
I'm not in the office. - Nu sunt in birou.
You aren't a father. - Tu nu e~ti tata.
She isn't in the building. - Ea nu este in cladire.
He isn't in the square. - El nu este in piata.
It isn't a chair. - Acesta nu este un scaun.
We aren't in Bucharest. - Nu suntem in Bucure~ti.
You aren't first. - Nu e~ti primul.
They aren't nice. - Ei nu sunt draguti.

In acele propozitii [n care nu folosim verbul to be situatia este asemanatoare. Nu uitati ca not
sta dupa verbul auxiliar, iar verbul nu prime~te terminafia -so
Observati propozi!iile de mai jos:
I don't like blue. - Nu-mi place albastrul.
You do not usually go to work in the - Tu nu mergi de obicei seara la serviciu.

evening.
He does not know Mary. - Nu 0 cunoa~te pe Maria.
She doesn't see her father. - Ea nu-I vede pe tatal ei.
We don't often visit our mother. - Nu 0 viziUim des pe mama noastra.
You don't go for a walk every day. - Nu mergi in fiecare zi la plimbare.
Sa vedem ~i restul exemplelor, de data aceasta in exercitii. Completati propozitille ~i folositi

formeIe scurte de negare:
Ea nu vrea sa mearga la plimbare. - She> doesn't want to go for a walk.
Nu ne plac ma~inile. - We> don't like cars.
Nu sunt In ora~. - I> am not in town.
Nu vreau sa a~tept. - I > don't want to wait.
Acesta nu este trenul meu. - It > isn't my train.
Nu Ie place sa mearga la ~coala. - They> don't like to go to school.
Nu este mama lui. - She> isn't his mother.
Nu iti place tatal meu. - You> (1011'1 like my father.
Traduceti urmatoareJc propozilii In limb:! englez:!:
Nu imi place tatal lui. .> I d'"I'1 like IllS father.
El nu sunt in casa. > Illl"v ~lIen 't in the house.
Ea nu este in strada. >Sllc' Isn't in the street.
El nu vrea ma~ina. > lie doesn't want the car.
Aceasta nu este casa lor. > It Isn't their house.
Nu 0 vizitam pe mama ei in fiecare zi. >We don't visit her mother every day.
EI nu este un baiat dragut. >He isn't a nice boy.
Daca In Intrebarefolosim verbul to have (a avea), utilizam inversiunea (schimbarea locurilor)

lafel ca ~i [n cazul verbului to be. in cursul negatiei cuvantul not se leaga de verbul have/has.
Sa vedem exemplele:
I have a car. - Am 0 ma~ina.
Have you a car? - Ai ma~ina?
Yes, I have. - Da (am).
No, I have not. - Nu (nu am).
She has a nice house. - Ea are 0 casa frumoasa.
Has she a nice house? - (Ea) are 0 casa frumoasa?
Yes, she has. - Da.
No, she has not. - Nu.
"have not" se prescurteazii "haven't" [hEvnt], iar "has not" se

prescurteazii "hasn't" l hEznt].
$i in propozitiile afirmative se potfolosiforme prescurtate de negare:
I haven't a car. - Nu am ma~ina.
She hasn't a house. - Ea nu are casa.
Propozifia I haven't a car are aceea~i semnificafie ca ~i propozifia I have no car. Varianta din
urmii exprimii insii mai accentuat acela~i lucru.
In exercitiul urmator comp1etati propozitiile eu fonnele interogative sau afirmative eorespunzatoare:
Ai un restaurant? - > Have you a restaurant?
Nu am ma~ina mare. - I > haven't a big car.
Nu au tata. - They> haven't a father.
Ai timp? - > Have you time?
Ea nu arc bicickta. - She> Iwsll't a bicycle.
Baiatul are un ceas? -> 11~\s the boy a clock?
Aeum urmeaza alte euvinte noi. Pentru inceplit cllvantlll "into" I illill J eare inseamna "in", "spre",
"inspre", "eu". Repetati:
into [iutu] - into [intu]
in propozifie cuvantul into stii dupii verb, de exemplu:
to go into - a intra undeva
They always go first into >[DZei o:IUeiz gau fa:rst intu - Ei merg intotdeauna prima data
the house. DZa haus] in easa.
?7
Cititi cu voce tare unnatoarele propozitii ~i observati semnificatia cuvintelor noi:
This car is red. >[DZis ka:' lZ red] - Ma~ina aceasta este ro~ie.
That girl is nice. >[ DZEt ga:'] iz nats] - Fata aeeea este draguta.
These people are in >[DZi:z pi:pl a:' lJ1 - Oamenii ace~tia sunt
the building. DZa bildin(g)] in cladire.
Those boys like to go >[DZauz b01Z lalk tu gall - Aeelor baieti Ie place sa mearga
by train. bal trezn] eu trenul.
APROAPE (aici) DEPARTE (aeolo)
singular this >[JYis I that >LD'Et]
plural these >[IYi:z] those >[D'i111Z]
Pronumele ~i adjectivele demonstrative this, that, these, those rae posibilii stabilirea preeisii
a persoanelor sau a altor substantive. Nu uitafi: dacii 0 persoanii sau un obieet sunt aproape de
noi, atunei folosim pronumele demonstrativ this (singular) sau these (plural). Daeii persoana
sau obieetul sunt departe de noi, atuneifolosim la singularpronumele .Ji adjeetivul demonstrativ
that, iar la plural pronumele .Ji adjeetivul demonstrativ those.
this >[ Dlis] - acesta, aeeasta
these >[ DZi:z] - ace~tia, acestea
that >[DlEt] - acela, aeeea
those >[DZauz] - aeela
Cu ajutorul tabclului de mai sus introdueeti in propozitie pronumcle ~i adjcctivele demonstrative

corespunzfltor.
Acesta este un ccas frumos. - .'-' I III'. is a nice clock.
Masa aeeea este alba? - Is> 111.11 table white?
Aceasta este mama lui. -> IIII~, is his mother.
Tu cand deschizi de obicei ferestrele - When do you usually open> these

acestea? windows?
Cui ii plae fetele aeelea? - Who likes> those girls?
. Cred ea este autobuzul acela. - I think it's> that bus.
Ei merg adesea in aeest hotel. - They often go to > this hotel.
Scaunele aeelea sunt verzi? - Are> those chairs green?
Le plae aeeste ora~e? - Do they like> these towns?
28
Ati reu~it sa invatati toate pronumele? Daca nu, repetati inca 0 data partea corespunzatoare a lee\iei.
In limba englcza sunt doua cuvinte al caror inteles este asemanator. Observati deosebirile dintre
aceste cuvinte:
home >[haum] - casa, tara, locuinia, camin
house >[haus] - easa
Cuwilltlll home poate fi intililit ill diferite expresii:
at home >l J:t h,IUl11] - aeasa (unde?)
to 1',0 home >1 tll gall hilum] - a merge acasa
Propozitii exemplificative:
He likes to be at home. - Lui ii place sa fie acasa.
When do you usually go homc'} - De obicei ciind mergi acasa?
There are five rooms in this house. - In aeeasta casa sunt cinci eamere.
It's a big house. - Aceasta este 0 casa mare.
Cuvalltul at se fllt6fl1e~te In mai l11Ulte expresii.
at six o'clock - la ora ~ase
at home - acasa
at school -b ~coala
to look at - a privi, a se uita la ceva
at work - la lueru
at first - la illeeput, pentru inccput
In accast~1 Icqie vom 11lai inva\a doar trei verbe noi. Cititi-Ie eu voce tare:
to thank (fol) - a multumi (pcntru
eeva)
to write (to) >jIll 1:1111 - a serie (cuiva) >[ tu fait]
to take >[tuktkj - a lua, a prinde >(tu teik]
Repetati cuvintele ~i traducC\i-1c In Jimba englezii:
a serie (cuiva) >to write (to)
a lua, a prinde >to take
a multumi pentru ceva >to thank (for)
Observati cd semnificatia cuvantului you poate ji ~i: tie, voua, dumneavoastra, pe tine, pe voi,
pe dumneavoastrii.
Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Iti multumese pentru aeeasta ma~ina. >Thank you for this car.
Ea ii serie des Mariei. > She often writes to Mary.
De obieei i~i due eartile la ~eoala. >Thcy usually take their books to school.
Dadi verbul thank (for) se ajla la persoana illtai singular, atunci nu este precedat de pronumele
personal r.
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii ~i fiti atenti la sensullor in limba romana:
It takes an hour to go home. >[ it teiks an alia' III gau - Ii ia 0 ora sa ajunga
Mum] acasa.
I usually take a bus to work. >[ al iu :jual i lei k a bas tu - De obieei ma due la lueru
ua:[k] eu autobuzul.
It takes some time. >[it telks sam lann] - Iti ia eeva timp.
He takes you for a driver. >[ hi: teiks Ill: fo:[ a dralvii.'] - EI te ia drept ~ofer.
In ultima propozitie semnifieatia verbului "take" poate fi interpretata in felul urmator:
to take (...) for... . - a lua dreptJa eonsidera/a eonfunda eu
Cu urmatorul exereitiu puteti eontrola daea v-ati insu~it euvintele noi ~i regulilc gramatieale.
Tradueeti propozitiile de mai jos in limba engleza:
Elmcrgc intotdcauna eu al doilea

autobuz.
Ea are ccas In camera ei? '11.,'. ',1" ,1,1\1\ kill Ilel room?
Cind ii serie el tatalui sau'! ·''vVII\'II IIm's he WrIte to his father?
Ei merg la lueru la ora naua diminca\a. :. III\'Y go to work at nine in the morning.
Cine vrea sa mearga aeasa? >WIIO wants to go home?
l[nde merg aee~tia oamenii eu aeest autobuz? >Whcl c do these people go by this bus?
Fetele aeelea a~teapta intotdeauna >TllOSC girls always wait for

aeeasta ma~ina. this car.
E~ti aeasa la noua ~i jumatate? > Are you at home at half past nine?
Dureaza 0 ora pana ii serie Mariei. >It takes an hour to write to Mary.
(are nevoie de 0 ora)
Unde sunt ei? >Where are they?
Strazile acestea sunt lungi? >Are these streets long?
30
Mama ~i tatal1ui sunt la serviciu toata ziua. > His mother and father are at work for a day.
iti mu1tumesc pentru aceasta bicicleUi. > Thank you for this bicycle.
El ia intotdeauna autobuzul ace1a. > He always takes that bus.
Nu Ie place sa mearga in aceasta piata. > They don't like to go to this square.
Azi vreau sa mcrg 1a p1imbare. > Today 1 want to go for a walle
in aceasta camera sunt cateva scaunc. > There arc some chairs in this room.
EI nu are timp sa vorbeasca eu mama lui. > He hasn't time to speak to his mother.
I
I <I
LECTIA
, 4 - PARTEA A DOVA
In aceasta parte a leqiei vom recapitula cele invatate pfma acum. Repetati cu voce tare urmatoarele
propozitii: Silabele accentuate sunt tiparite ingro~at:
Peter: Where is the driver?

Mary: He's there, behind that bus. Do you see?
Peter: I think it isn't the driver. He's behind this big building.
Barbara: Have you time for a walk?

John: No, I haven't. I want to take these green chairs and clocks to the school.
Mary: Are the boys in the shop?

Tom: No, they aren't. This shop is for girls.
Barbara: Where is she?

Peter: In the shopping street. She usually waits for her mother in the shopping street.
Barbara: I think she's at home.
Mari; Do you want to write to your father?

John: No, it isn't a good time to write.
Tom: Where is her father?

Barbara: Where do you think he is?
Tom: He's at school at three every day.
Barbara: [Ie isn't there today. [Ie is in the restaurant. Ilc has a table near the window.
Mary: It's good to be at homc. 1)0 you often work at home?

Peter: No, I don't. I usually work in the ofl'ice.
John: It's half past five. Do you want to speak to their father?
Barbara: He is usually at home at six in the evening.
Mary: Have you a big white car?

Tom: Yes, I have. It's behind the house.
Mary: I think it isn't. Your car is near the white entrance.
Peter: Who wants to speak to my father?

Barbara: The two girls in the big blue car.
32
Mary: When I look through the window I always see those boys in the street.
John: Have they a blue car?
Mary: Yes, they have.
John: Then they are Tom and Peter.
Tom: Do you often see her mother?

Barbara: We visit her mother every day. Our mother and father are also there. We usually
take a through train to Bucharest.
In ultimul exercitiu alleqiei putem recapitula din nou cele invatate. Incepeti rezolvarea temei
doar dupa ce ati rezolvat acest exercitiu rara gre~eli:
Cand merg la Bucure~ti vizitez intotdeauna >When I go to Bucharest I always visit

aceasia piata ~i ma uit la aceasta statuie. this square and look at this statue.
Scaunul meu este in camera a doua. >My chair is in the second room.
Intotdeauna merg acasa cu autobuzul. > I always go home by bus.
Cand rna uit pe fereastra vad acele magazine > When I look through the window 1 see
de pe strada comerciala. those shops in the shopping street.
Este ora trei ~i opt minute. >It's eight (minutes) past three.
EI vrea sa scrie azi mamei sale. > He wants to write to his mother today.
De obicei il a~teapta pe tatal lor acasa. >They usually wait for their father at home.
Vezi ma~inile acelea albastre? > Do you see those blue cars')
Unde merge el seara? > Where does he go in the evening?
Mergi la plimbare in fiecare zi? > Do you go for a walk every day')
Maria deschide magazinul sau > Mary opens her shop

la ora opt dimineata. ;iI"ighl III the morning.
Drumul pana acasa durcaza 0 orr\. >11 1;lkl'~ ,III Illlm III go home.
Uncle trclluri sunl trcnuri dircclc. > Sll Illl' 11';11 ns arc through trains.
Acestc strazi sunt e\I circula\ic continua. >Thcse streets arc for through traffic.
Crezi ca cl cstc acolo'l >Do you think he's there?
Nu, el nu estc acolo. > No, he isn't there.
Nu avem timp sa vorbim cu tine. > We haven't time to speak to you.
Cine crede ca aceasta cladire este frumoasa? > Who thinks this building is nice?
Sunt doua ceasuri in aceasta camera. > There are two clocks in this room.
Acest tren intra intotdeauna dimineata > Does this train always go into the station
in gara? in the morning?
11
Locuiese in spatele aeelui blue > I live behind that apartment
eli apartamente. builcling :
Cuno~ti aeele strazi comereiale? > Do you know those shopping streets?
Cred ca el vrea sa viziteze aeest turn. > r think he wants to visit this tower.
Intotdeauna II a~tept catva timp. > I always wait for him for some time.
Nu imi plac baietii aceia. > I don't like those boys.
Repetati urmatoarele cuvinte. Literele scrise ingro~at, aflate in aeeea~i coloana, desemneaza
acela~isunet.
[u: ] [ei'i'] [i] [IS]
you chair live three
blue square minute thank
two where visit through
there think
34
, 4
4.1. Folosim prezentul simplu (Simple Prezent) daca este yorba de 0 actiune obi~nuita sau
care se repeta sistematico Pentru aceasta utilizam urmatoarele complemente de timp:
always - i'ntotdeauna
often - des
seldom - rar
usually - de obicei
every (day, morning ... ) - in fiecare (zi, dimineata ...)
4.2. Definirea timpului se face in felul unnator:
4.2. I. In engleza "unu ~i jumatate" este "halfpast one", care tradus cuvant cu cuvant inseamna
"cu jumatate de ora trecut de ora unu":
It's half past ten. - Este zece ~i jumatate.
4.2.2. Cuvantul"o' clock" se folose~te doar daca ne referim la ore fixe. In celelalte situatii
acest cuvant nu se folose~te:
It's seven o'clock. - Este ora ~apte.
In vorbirca curenta nu este necesara folosirea cuvantului "o'clock" nici macar

pentru orele fixe.
It's seven. - Este ora ~apte.
4.2.3. In comunicarea timpului, cuvantul "minute" poate fi omis:
It's five (minutes) past two. - Este doua ~i cinci minute.
4.2.4. Daca vrem sa spunem ca la 0 anumita ora se intampla ceva, atunci inaintea orei respective
se pune prepozitia "at":
at six - la ~ase
4.3. Forml'le de negare prezentate in leqia a treia pot fi utilizate ~i in propozitii i'ntregi:
He isn't al homc. - EI nu este acasa.
I don't likc you. - Nu-mi place de tine.
4.4. Daca [()l"IlIulalll Itllrebarea ell vcrbul ,,10 havc", utiliz[uTI inversiunca (schimbarea ordinii in
propozi!ic). Negatia sc (llmeazil lcgand dc vcrbul ,,10 havc" cuvantul "not"; "have not" se
prescurleaza "havcn 't", iar "has not", "hasn'I".
Have you a car? - Yes, 1 haye.
- No, I haven't.
4.4.1. Fonnele de negare pot fi folosite ~i in propozitii i'ntregi, deci nu numai in raspunsuri
scurte.
She hasn't a car. - Ea nu are ma~ina.

4.5. Pronume demonstrative:
APROAPE DEPARTE
singular this (acesta) that (acela)
plural these (acestea) those (acelea)
4.6. In limba engleza cuvantul "house" inseamna "casa", iar "home" inseamna "patrie", "casa",
"camin".
4.6.1. Cuvantul "home" poate fi intalnit ~i in anumite expresii:
at home - acasa (raspunde la intrebarea "unde?")
to go home - a merge acasa
4.7. Cuvantul "at" se intalne~te in mai multe expresii:
at six - la ora ~ase
at home - acasa (unde?)
at school - la ~coala
to look at - a se uita la ceva
at work - la serviciu
at first - pentru prima oara
4.8. Nu uitati ca "you" poate semnifica ~i: "tie", "iti", "ti", "dumitale", "durnneavoastra", "voua",
"pc tine", "pe dumneata", "pe dumneavoastra", "pe voi", de exemplu:
I likc you. - Imi place de tine.
4.9. Daca verblll "thank" (Iilr) se alla la persoana Intfli singular atunci nu folosim pronume!E
personal ,,1" :
Thank you for the car. - Mliitumese pentru ma~ina.

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 4
Rezolvati exercitiile ~i trimiteti-Ie pentru verificare.
I. Do you think she wants to be there at first?
2. It isn't a nice day to go for a walk to that square.
3. I don't often see Mary at work.
4. It takes half a day to go to Bucharest by car.

f
~.
S. She hasn't time to visit her mother and father in the evening.
6. Who is the woman in the window?
B. Traducqi urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I. Dc ohicci dimineata merg la ~coala.
2. In ficcarc scarf! la ~apte ~i jumatate lucram acasa.
3. Baiatul aeda 1111 ~tie ca eu nu am ma~ina.
4. Acest scaun sc alla In spatelc aeestei mese albe.
S. Aveti CillCi minute sa sla\i de yorba cu mine?
6. Nu vreau sa 0 vizitez pc kmcia aceasta.
C. Urmatoarele propozitii sunt grc~ite. Scrieti-le corect:
1. It's nice to sec those nice boy at work.
2. Does he goes hOl1le at six 0' clock in the evening?
3. Who want (0 go by train?
4. Do you be in Bucharest today?
S. The table isn't blue, they are red.

, 3 SI
, 4
afternoon > [a:ftarnu :nJ - dupa-amiaza
in the afternoon >[in D'i a:ftafnu:nJ - dupa-amiaza (dnd?)
to ask > [tu a:skJ - a intreba, a cere (cuiva, ceva),

a ruga (pe cineva)
to ask for >[tu a:sk fo:'J - a cere

a intreba de
at > [EtJ - la
at five o'clock > [Et falv aklokJ - la ora cinci
at work >[Et ua:rkJ - la serviciu
behind > [billa ll1d J - in unna, in spate, indaratul, dupa
big > [bigJ - mare, voluminos, masiv
blue >[blu:J - albastru
chair > [t~ea'J - scaun
clock >[klokJ - ceas, orologiu
o'clock > [aklokJ - (de exemplu 6) ora fixa
country > [kantriJ - tara, stat
day > [deiJ - Zl
for a day >[fo:radeiJ - pentru 0 zi, (timp de) 0 zi
eight > [eitJ - opt
father > [fa: D'a'J - taUI
first :- 11.1 'sll - prim, i'nlai, primul, pentru

pri ilia oara
at first >11-11.1'''11 - la i'nccput, intaia data, mai intai
for >[lo.'J - pcntru
four >[fo:rJ - patru
girl > [ga:rlJ - fata
green > [gri:nJ - verde
half > [ha:f] - jumatate
half an hour > [ha:f an auarJ - 0 jumatate de ora
her > [ba: f] - (adj. posesiv) ei, sa, sale
his > [hiz] - (adj. posesiv) lui, sau, ii, -i
home > [baum] - camin, casa
at home > [Et haUtn] - acasa
38
hour > [aua'] - ceas, ora
into > [intu] - in (arata mi~carea), spre, inspre
its > [its] - lui, sale, ei (pentru obiecte, notiuni

abstracte, animale)
to live >[tu liv] - a trai, a exista, a loeui
long > [lon(g)] - lung, prelung, de durata, prelungit
minute > [minit] - minut, clipa, moment
mother > [maDZa'] - mama
my > [mail - Ineu, mea, mei, mele
nIce > [nais] - placut, frumos, dragut, simpatic,

agreabil
t1lne > [nain] - noua
r-- no > [nau) - nu; nici un, nici a
on > [on] - pe, la, in
one > [" an ] - unu
our > [auar] - nostru, noastra, no~tri, noastre
past >]pa:st) - (care a ) trecut, ~i (In

exprimarea orei)
people > [pi:pl] - oameni
the second > [[Y[\ sekcllltil - al doilea
seven > [~CVII] - ~apte
short > [~o: 't] - scurt, scund
SIX > [siks] - ~ase
some > I sam] - ceva, cativa, cateva, ni~te
- unii, unele
statue > 1·c,II':lJu:] - statuie
square > 1 sk"ea'] - piata
table :> I Ie/hi I - masa
to take :> 11\1 I\'/k I - a lua, a imprumuta (de la)
to take (...) for > 1111 leik fa:'] - a lua drept, a eonfunda eu
- a considera
ten > [Iell] - zeee
to thank (for) > [Ill T S I~n(g)k] - a multumi (pentru ceva)
that > [[YEt] - acela, aceea, ~a;"aceast::r'
their > [Old] - lor
39
these >[Dzi:z] - ace~tia, acestea
to think >[tu TSm(g)k] - a gandi, a se gandi la
this >[DZis] - acesta, aceasta
those >[D1auz] - aceia, acelea
three >[ Pri:] - trei
through > [Tsm:] - 1. prin, printre, peste

2. (tren) direct, (circulatie)
continua
through and through > [Tsru: End TSru:] - de-a lungul ~i de-a latul
de la un caprH la altul
time >[taim] - timp, vreme
to > [tu] - catre, spre, la
today >[tadel] - astazi, azi
town > [taun] - Qra~
two >[tu:] - doi
usually >[Iu:juah] - de obicei, in mod Qbi~nuit
to want >[tuUont] - a vrea, a dori
what > [Uot] - ce
when > [Uen] - cand
where > [Uear] - unde, pe unde, incotro

. .
who >[hu:] - cme, pc CIne
to write (to) > [tu rait1 - a scric (clIiva)
yes "1 1\",1 - lIlI
you '1 III I - (ie, i(i, (i, dumitale,

dumncavoastra, voua, pe tine,
pc dumncata, pe dumneavoastra,
pc voi
your >[10:'] - tau, ta, tai, tale, dumitale,

dumneavoastra, vostru, voastra,
vo~tri, voastre
40
IN INTRODUCERE CATEVA IDEI SI
, SFATURI
DIN PARTEA PROFESORULUI
Este mai u~or sa intelegi 0 eonvers:nie Intr-o limba straina, dedit sa partieipi aetiv la ea. Prin repetarea
eu voce tare a exereitiilor ve\i rqine euvintele ~i pronuntia. Daea exersati in mod eonseevent, in
fieeare zi, atunei dupa un limp vqi reu~i sa asimila!i materialul nou eu u~urin!a. Nu trebuie neaparat
sil ~ti!i pe de rost tot ce :1\i inv:ll:ll In Icqiile preeedente, atunei eand merge!i mai departe. Dar nu
uita!i, inv~ltarca ~i repel:IIT:1 perlll:lnenta sunt mai importante decal progresul rapid, dar care nu are
un fundament solid.
Daea nu ave\i pre:1 mlill lilllp, :IIIIIICi parClII")~l'\i doar c;lle 0 .i II 111:\1:11 e de Icqie. In mod sigur ve\i g~\si
penlru aeeas1a lin sICr1 de or,1 In I"I(T,lre i'.i I I)lIpa c,"lIl'va Illni ve\i ohserva ca Inl.elcget,i texl111 in limba
engleza ~i 1:lra sa-l tradllce\i: Cli :lile clivinil" 'incl'IWli S:1 g:ln<li(i inlr··o limha straina' In1ui\ia vajuea
un rol din ce In ee mai Illan.: In illsll~lre:1 ClIl]()~lin\clor inlroduse In 1cC\lile url11atoare.
Daeil nu sunte!i obi~nui\l eu Inva\area de 21 eu zi, va lrebui s:\ va aU1oeduea\i vointa, S~l fiti mai
eonseeventi, Oricine poale S:l exerseze sistem31ie' Aceasta esle 0 investitie e3re va da roade in viitor.
Pe masuril ee progresa\i, studiul va da 0 satisfaqie din ee in ee mai mare.
De aeeea fiti intotdeauna perseverenti' in felul aeesta yeti reu~1 sa ob!inqi eu u~urinta rezultate
remareabile in invatarea limbii engleze.
Va ureaza mult sueees,
Profesorul dumneavoastra
© Copyright by
EUROCOR - Institutul European de Cursuri prin Corespondenia S,R.L.
1. Va rugam, inccpcti rczolvarea tCl11ei pentru acasa numai dupa ce ati parcurs
intregu1 material, ati repctat euvintclc ~i ati rezo1vat 1';1ra grqeli u1time1e exereitii
de verificarc. Inainte de a incepc rczolvarca aecsteia va reeomandam sa studiati eu
atcntic ~i sa recititi inca 0 data textul, urmarind rcgulile pe care recapitutarea Ie
aeeentueaza prin punetare.
2. Atunci dind invatam 0 limba straina, aceasta trebuie exersata ~i repetata cu aceea~i
perseverenta cu care am invatat sa mergem. In aeest scop v-au fost propuse 0 serie
de exercitii. Va sugeram sa revedeti din Cfllld in ciind materia1ul deja pat·curs.ln
seurt timp, eursantu1 se va eonvinge ea aeest 1ueru nu este lipsit de sens. Tema
impliea intotdeauna ~i repetarea materiei din leetiile anterioare. Obi~nuiti-va eu
ileest mod de lucru, care, in mod spontan ~i tara eforturi deosebite, va
improspi\teazfl ~i eonsolideaza eUl1o~tinte1e. Pentru a putea obtine rezu1tate in
inVa\areil limbilor strfline cu ajutorul metodei noastre, nu aveti nevoie de un talent
l!<:osehil. ( 'hiar ~i cei care sunt mai putini reeeptivi in invatarea limbi10r straine,
VOl' ;\junge dupa eil !eva lun ide studiu la un nivella care niei nu au sperat.
Deei, li!i F.<II<1 de Illcrll!
3. Pmpuncrc<I IHl;\slra l~Stc sa incepc\i rczolvarca temci folosind ciorna. Va fi mai

u~or sa va corecla!i ~i sa 11ropunc!i mai l11ultc posibilc raspunsuri, iar la sfiir~it sa
alcgCli varianta care vi se pare a {I cea mai bema.
4. Transcric\i ICI11:1 "pc eurat" doarcftnd suntcti siguri de rezolvare. Pentru trimiterea
telllelor I'olosi!i !(lI"Illldarelc tiparite in aeestscop.
5. Nu uita\i s;\ va sloril:\i nUlllck, prcnumelc, adresa, eodul profcsoru1ui ~i numarul

de cursanl SUll can: ;qi Ii lsi llIrl:gisl rat. Acesta din urmil se gilse~te in scrisoarea care
conlinna parlicipan:a dvs. [.te\ll's.
6. Vii rugilm scric\i cilc!,
7. Alatura\i tCl11ei pentru acasa Ull plie timbrat autoadresat. In aeest plic yeti primi
tema eorectata.
8. Este foalie important sa notati pc 1)lic l1umilrul de cursant sub care ati fost
inregistrat!
l) In eazul in care comandati materialc noi de curs, sau aveti alte eereri legate de
rdatiilc Cll rublicul, serieti-le separat pe 0 foaie de hartie ~i trimiteti-le pe adresa
lloas( ra imprcuna eu tema. In eo1tul din stanga jos a1 serisorii, serieti "Relatii eu
j1ublicul".
10. Dumneavoaslra sUl1lc\i eel care stabile~te tel1l1enul de trimitere a temei.

Independent de aeesta, Iucrarea dumneavostra va fi intotdeauna controlata ~l
retrimisa de c~ltrc pro l'csor.
Veti vedea, efOliurile dumneavoaslril vor Ii rasplatite. Va dorim mult sucees!

LECTIA
, 5 PARTEA INTAI
Sa incepem prima parte a leqiei noastre de engleza cu cateva cuvinte noi.

Repetati-le acordand 0 mare atentie pronuntiei:
letter > [ leta'] - scnsoare
book > [buk] - carte
post-office > [paust ofis] - oficiu po~tal
pen > [pen] - stilou
kitchen > [kit 9an] - bucatarie
week > [ ui:k] - saptamana
man > [mEn] - barbat
Romania > [rumeinia] - Romania
son > [san] - fiu
the third > [DZii TSa:'d] - al treilea, a treia
Acum exersati acelea~i cuvinte in alta ordine:
Romania > [rul11einia] - Romania
kitchen > \ kit~al1] - bucatarie
post-office > I pall,t uri,] - oficiu po~tal
son > l,allJ - fiu
pen > [pen] - stilou
the third > [DZa TSa:'d] - al treilea, a treia
week > [Ui:kJ - saptamana
book > [buk] - carte
letter > [ leta'] - scrisoare

I
I
Verificati in ce masura ati reu~it sa relineti cuvintele noi. Traduceli in limba engleza urmatoarele
cuvinte:
al treilea, a treia > the third
bucatarie > kitchen
carte > book
barbat > man
fiu > son
sCflsoare > letter
stilou > pen
oficiu po~tal > post-office
saptamana > week
Romania > Romania
lata cateva propozilii ~i exprcsii Cli clivintele nO!:
The third car is red. '·\1)',1 I ,I 't! kd' 1/ Icdl - A treia ma~ina este ro~ie.
Mother is in the kitchen. >llllal )':1' 1/ III 1)'.1 kil\'dlll - Mama este in bucatarie.
This man has a book. >llYis 1111'.11 Iii / ~I ['lIkj Binbatul acesta are a carte.
1 live in Romania. >[al Iiv 111 rLll11ClI1ldj - Traiesc In Romania.
1 often go to the post-office. >[ai ofn gau tll D"u paust ofis] - Merg des la oficiul po~tal.
My son is at the school. >[mai san iz Et DZa sku:l] - Fiul meu este 1a ~coala.
a long letter - 0 scrisoare lunga
a nice pen - un stilou frumos
a good week >1:1 L'.lItl "1 k1 - 0 saptamana buna
In exerciliul unnator completali propoziliile In limba cng[eza:
Ea lucreaza la oficiul po~tal. - She works at the >posl--o/llcc.
Romania este 0 tara frumoasa. - >Romania is a nice coulltry.
El ia i'ntotdeauna acest stilou la serviciu. - He always takes this >pt'll to work.
Aceasta este a treia casa de pe strada. - It's >the third house in the street.
Fiul nostru merge la ~coala. - Our >son goes to school.
Saptamana are ~apte zile. - A >week has seven days.
Acest barbat are 0 ma~ina ro~ie. - This >man has a red car.
Vreau sa scriu 0 scrisoare mamei mele. - 1 want to write >a letter to my mother.
Pe masa este 0 carte. - There is >a book on the table.

Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
Acesta este un stiJou verde. > It's a green pen.
Acest barbat ~i fiul sau merg in fiecare zi > TJ1JS lTI8n and hIS son go to work
la serviciu cu autobuzul. by bus every day.
Oficiul po~tal se aila in apropierea statiei. > The pO':l-oUic,: 10: near the station.
In bucatarie sllnt patm caz1i. > There are fUliI books 111 the kitchen.
Sunt ci'iteva ora~e frumoase in Romania. > There are some nice towns in Romama.
Aceasta scrisoare este pentru tine. > Th is letter is for you.
Imi place a treia casa. > I like the thIrd house.
Aeum vom invata zilele saptamami. Observa\i ca fiecare poate fi pronuntat doua feluri:
Monday >[ m3nclI] >[mandel] -luni
Tuesday >[tll.l:zdi] >[ tiu:zdei] - marti
Wednesday >[ "enzdl] >["enzdel] - miercuri
Thursday >[T'a:'zdi] >[T'ii:'zdc: ] - JOI
Friday >[ fraidi] >jfra I c!cJ J - vineri
Saturday >[sEta'dJ] >j ,E1:I'i!c'lj - sambata
Sunday >j";\I1<111 >j";!l1lkl! - duminica
Inaintea zilelor saptiim[mii folosim prepozitia "on". In limba engleza zilele

saptamanii se scriu intotdeauna eu litera mare.
Sa exersam cuvintele; completati eu ajutorullor propozitiile de mai jos:
Miercuri de obicei merg acolo - On >Wednesd,ly I usually go there

dimineata. in the morning.
Vreau sa-l vizitez pe tatal meu sambata. - I want to visit my father on >Saturday.
Mergi duminiea la biserica? - Do you go to church on >Sunday?
Marti suntem intotdeauna acasa. - On >Tuesday we are always at home.
De obicei vineri seriu mamei mele - I usually write a letter to my mother

a scnsoare. on >Fnday.
Nu-mi place sa merg luni la servieiu. - I don't like to go to work on >Monday.
Unde mergi de obieei joi? - Where do you usually go on >Thursday?

Daca inaintea zilelor saptamanii se afla cuvantul "evely", nu folosim
prepozitia "on":
every Monday - fiecare luni

every Sunday - fiecare duminica
Sa invatam cateva verbe noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare:
to talk (to/with) > [tu to:k] - a vorbi, a conversa
to read > [tu ri:d] - a citi
to come > [tll ":lInJ - a veni, a ajunge
to love > l tll 1:lvJ - a iubi
to understand > l (u anda'slEndJ - a intelege, a pricepe
lar acum L1nneaza acelea~i cuvinte, dar in alta ordine. Cititi-le cu voce tare:
to talk (to/wi th) > 1III (0 LI -- a vorbi, a conversa
to understand > I tll ,1I}(1.J'~1 I',lld I - a intelege, a pricepe
to read > l (li ri:d] - a citi
to love > [tLl lay] - a iubi
to come >[tukam] - a veni, a ajunge
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii. Traduceti din limba engleza in limba romana:
She reads a book every > I :;;i: n.d;:.1 hll" eVil - Ea cite~te a carte in fiecare
Sunday. sandul duminica.
This man loves his son. > IIYls ml':n lavz hiz san] - Acest barbat i~i iubqte fiuI.
He comes to the post-office > [hI: kamz tu D7 a pallsl ofis - El vine la oficiul po~tal
every Thursday. eVrJ pa.'zdel] in fiecare joi.
We often talk to our sons. > [til: ofn to:k tu aua' sanz] - Vorbim des eu fiii no~trii.
Do you understand it? > [du iu: anda'stEnd it] -lntelegi?
Completati urmatoarele propozitii:
Vorbe~ti des cu mama ta? - Do you often >(alk to your mother?
Cfmd vine el de obicei la birou? - When does he usually >come to the offiee?
Ce fel de carti Ie place sa citeasca? - What books do they like to >read?

imi place sa merg in aceasta piata. - I >\ove to go to this square.
o 'intelegi pe mama ta? - Do you >llnderstand your mother?
Ea il iube~te pe fiul nostru. > She 101 e~ our s(ln.
El vine in fiecare duminiea la voi. > He comes to Y(lUI house every Sunday.
Vorbesc des eu tatal lor. > I often talk to thclr lather.
Nu inteleg (acest lueru). > r don't understand it.
Vreau sa citese aceasta carte. > I want to read this book.
Cititi cu atentie propozitia urmatoare:
I always visit my mother at five 0' clock - 0 vizitez intotdeauna pe mama (mea)
on Sunday. duminica la ora cinei.
Daca in propozitie exista doua complemente de timp, atunci pe primul

loe trcee dcfinirca cxaeta a orei (invers ea in Iimba romana):
seam la oril oJll at eight in the evening

Iuni 1,1 ora ~ase at SIX on Monday
lar acum yom invata un euvant al earui inteles depinde foarte mull de context:
right > [rait] - drept, dreapta, potrivit, coreet
all right > [0:1 rait] - in ardine, in regula
to the right > [tll D'a rail] - la dreapta
to be right > [tu bI: rart] - a avea dreptate
on the nght > [on D/a rait] - in dreapta, in partea dreapta
Sa vedem eateva exemple:
Is this the right bus? - Acesta este autobuzul potrivit?
Look to the right! > [Iuk tu DZa rait] - Prive~te la dreapta!
There is a school >[D/ea' IZ a sku:l - in dreapta este 0 ~coala.

on the nght. on D/a rait]
All right! We are going >[0:1 raitllI: a·' gaLlin(~) - In regula! Acum mergem
there now. DZea' nall] acolo.
J think V()II'r~ ricrht

In lectiile antenoare ati Il1vi1\at timpul prezent sll11plu, cu ajutorul caruia putem exprima aqiun;le
zilnice ~i cele care se rereta In mod regulat.
Pentru descrierea ac(iunilor care Iltl au loe zill1 ic sou /1U se repetcll/1 mod regulat, ci se desfii.,ward i/1
momentu! vorhiril, foIosim timpul prczent continuu (Present Continuous Tense). Acest timp se
folose~{e 111 trei ca:lIri pe care le Fe(i swdia in cursuI /ec(iiIor 5-6, In pril1lul rind I'a vedem din ce se
compul1e, cllm se cOl1struie$te propozipa la t/lnpu/ prezent continllu:
I am opening the door. - Deschid u~a.
He is going home > I hi II .~',IIIIIII 'L,IIIIIII - El merge acasa
These people arc - I:!' 1 I" III ,I ' - Acqti oameni citesc cat1i.
reading books. II 1111' I 1111 k '.1
Propoziriile la timpul prezent continuu se COIl1PUI7 din:
Subiect + forma corespunzatoare + verb (cu + complement direct (sau

a verbului "to be" termina,ia ,,-iug") alta parte de propozitie)
am openmg the door,
He is gOIng home.
These people are reading books.
Dadi f%sil11 acest timp, verbu/ "to be" 1111 se traduce ill aceste caZUrI. Vel bu! "to be" este 0 parte 0
predicatuIui -Ii Ql'em nevoie de eI doar pel1tru expril71area til71pului.
Deci, timpul prezel1t continuu se f%seo?te pentru acrulI1i/e ('(Ire se desfli,wara in mOl7lell{u/ vorbirh.
Accentuarea acestuia este posibiW eLI ajutoru!urmatoarelor comp/e1nente de (imp:
now > Il1<1l1l - acum
at the moment > II I [) ',1111.11\1\1.11111 - in acest moment, chiar acum "'"'
just - tocmai, chiar acum
Sa exersam timpul prezent continuu in propozi,ii:
We are visiting the church > lUI: a:' vizitin(g) DZ~\ t5a:'t5 - Acum vizitam biserica.
now. nau]
She is walting for her > l ~i:

iz "('Itin lg ) 1'0:' ha: r - in acest moment ca 0 a~teapla
mother at the moment. maD/a' Et DZa ll1aul11~ll1t] pe mama sa.
They are just reading hooks - Ei citcsc ni~tc car~i chiar acum,
My father is going > [mal fa:fYa ' J/. gallin lgl - Tala\ meu merge
for a walk now. fo" a "o :k nUll] Ja plimbare acum.
He is driving to work > (hi: iz dralvin lg ' tll "alk - Chiar acum merge la serviciu
at the moment. Et DZa mallmanl J cu ma~ina,
"Just" sta inaintea verbului la aspeetul eontinuu (eu tenninatia ,,-ing''),
iar "now" ~i "at the moment" se gasese Ia ineeputul sau la sfiir::;itul
propozitiei.
Sa exersam prezentul eontinuu. Completati propozitiile de mai .ios eu formele eorespunzatoare ale
verbului "to be" ~i ale verbului eu tenninatia ,,-ing";
Maria merge aeum Ia magazin. - Mary >J~. t'0lll.'! to the shop now.
(Chiar aeum) ne plimbam - We >are w,l1kll1g in the square

in piata. at the moment.
Te a;;teapta toemai pe tine. - They >are just waiting for you.
Tatal meu eite;;te aeum aeeasta carte. - My father >is readIng this book now.
Fata aeeea toemai prive;;te aeeasta easa ro~ie. - That girl >Is J list looking at this red house.
Chiar aeum 11 due pe fiul meu Ia ~coala. - At the moment I >tun taking my son to school.
Dupa cum desigur atl observat deja, in eazul verbelor care se termina eu
litera ,,-e" (ea de exemplu "write") Ia adaugarea tenninatiei ,,-ing" ,,-e"-
u1 se amite.
Tradueeti unnatoarele propozi(ii in limba engleza:
Aeum vizitam aeeasta piata frumoasa. >\\'L :lIC \ J~,j(II1.~.' this nice sqllare now.
Ei toemai intra in ;;coalii. >Th")i :\Il )Ihl entering the school.
in acest moment mama mea desehide > My mother IS opening the shop
magazinul. at the moment.
Fiii no;;tri eondue (ma;;ina) aeum. >Our sons are drivi!lg !lO\\'
John toemai vorbe~te eu Maria. >Juhn IS illst LilLIII" \\ Ilh Mell)'.
Aeum Iuerez aeasa. >1 :1111 \\(lILI"." .111"'lllc·!l\J\V
Chiar aeum il a::;tepti ;> '\1 II" 111111',1, II! yUlI :Ile waiting
pe tata1 tau. I() I \ ( II II 1.11/1 c: l.
Va mai amintiti de fonnarea interogativului verbului "to be"?
Forma interogativti a timpului prezent eontinuu se ob{ine prin acelaii procedeu (inversarea ordinii).
Sa vedem exemplele:
John is reading Is John reading >i i l dion ri:dm lg1 - John eite~te
a book now. a book now? ,i huk 1l,\lI] o earte aeum?
We are just going Are we just going >/ ,; , "I dj,iSl gauin(g) - Mergem aeasa
home. home? kill/III ehiar aeum?
She is taking the bus Is she taking the bus >111 ~I lCILJIl 1"1 IY,i b,iS -Ea merge eu
to work at the to work at the 1u "c1"k 1'1 IY,I autobuzulla
moment. moment? ]]1;]umantJ serviciu chiar acum?
Iar aeum e randul dumneavoastra. Tradueeti urmatoarele intrebari:
Ea vorbe~te ehiar in elipa aeeasta eu baiatul? > h ,he talking to the boy at the moment?
Ei te a~teapta pe tine in aeest moment? > ;\IL' they waiting for you at the moment?
Aeum luerezi aeasa? > Ale you ""'iking at home now?
Aeum mergem la plimbare? > ;\Ie we gOlllg for a walk now')
El prive~te aeeste fete ehiar aeum? > Is he looking at these girls at the moment')
La inceputul propozi{iilor interogative putel11 folosi ii pronume interogative:
John is going for Where is John >l"ea' 17 d.lol1 -Unde merge

a walk now. going now? giiulnl'c' nauJ John aeum?
You are reading a What are yOll reading >1"01 a' Ii.dll1 lg1
IU -Ce eite~ti
letter at the moment. at the moment? 1:1 IYiI maumant] (ehiar aeum)?
My mother is Who is just working? >1 hu 17 djast "a:'kin(gl] -Cine luereaza?

just working. (ehiar aeum)
Exersati fonnularea intrebarilor. Tradueeti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos:
Ce iau ei aeum? > What are they taking nO\\,"1
Ce viziteaza el aeum? > What is he VIsiting Ilmv"l
Unde merge ea eu ma~ina in aeest moment? > Where is ,he dlll'llll:'- ill the moment?
Cine serie toemai aeum a serisoare mamei? > Who is .Iusl Wrltlllg a letter to mother?
Riispllnsunle sClirte afirmative ,vi negative incep Cli euvintele yes/no care sunl urmale de pronumele
personal !iiforllla eorespullziitoare a verbullii to be. La aeeasta se adallgii cuvill1tulnol daca raspunsul
expril1lii 0 nega{ie.
in propo:::i{iile negative forma eorespunziitoare a verbului to be este urmata de clivantul not.
lar acum sa exersam aceste reguli in propozitii:
Are you going home now? - Mergi acasa aCllm?
Yes, I am. - Da.
No, I am not. - Nu.
I am not going home now. - Acum nu merg acasa.
Is she looking at this building at the moment? - (Ea) Privqte chiar acum aceasta clad ire?
Yes, she is. - Da.
No, she isn't. - Nu.
She is not looking at this building at the moment. - Ea nu prive~te aceasta cladire chiar acum.
Are they visiting the church now') ~ (Ei) viziteaza biserica acum?
Yes, they are. -- Da.
No, they aren't. - Nli.
They aren't visiting the church now. - Ei nu viziteaza biserica acum.
~i acum vom veri fica in ce masura ati reu~it sa retineti regulile. Completati raspunsurile scurte ~i
propozitiile negative:
Are you going - Yes, I >am. - No, I >am not. - I >am not going
for a walk now? for a walk now.
Is she just entering - Yes, >she is· - No, >she Isn·t. - She >isn'tjust entering
the school? the school.
Are you driving - Yes, we >are. - No, we >arcn ·t. - We> aren't driving
home now? home now.
Is my father talking - Yes, >he is. - No, >hc isn't. - My father >isn't
with Mary at talking with Mary
the moment? at the moment.
Are they reading - Yes, >they are. - No, >they aren't. - They >are not reading
letters now? letters now.
Is John working - Yes, >he lS. - No, >he Isn't. - John >is not working
in the office now? in the office now.
Are you just taking - Yes, I >am. - No, I >am not. - I >am not just
a bus to school? taking a bus to school.
Iar acum urmeaza cateva cuvinte noi:
England > [ingland I - AnglIa
Romanian > [rumcflll:lllj - roman
English > [ingll~] eng\ez
to speak Romanian > [tu Spl k IIIIll(·/lll.lllj - a vorb! roll1ane~te
to speak English > l III "Ill k illgll,.,j - a vorhl engleze~te
what time ... ? > [\lot t<lIm] - la ce ora?
here > [hid'] - alel
Ii ttle > [Iitl] - mic, un pic, putin
twenty > [t"enti] - douazeci
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba romfma:
England isn't a big country. > [ingland iznt a big kantri] - Anglia nu este 0 tara mare.
I love Romanian towns. > [aI lay rumeinian taunz] - Iml plac ora~ele romane~ti.
This is an English car. > [Dtis 17. all illgl is k<t :r] - Aceasta este 0 ma~ina englezeasca.
My father is speaking > Im:11 fa IY.I' 1/ ,pi klll 1"1 Talal meu vorbe~te
Romanian now. Illllll' /l11.lll II.lll I romane~te aeum.
Their son doesn't speak > II YCI' S;1Il da/1I1 Spl k - Fiullor nu vorbe~te engleza atunci
English when he's in Romania. illgiJ~ "ell hi /. III rUl11elllia] cand este in Romania.
What time is it now? > ["ot taim IZ It nau] - Cat este ceasul acum?
My son is here, in this > [mai san lZ hia r in D'is - Fiul meu este aici, in aeeast[\
room. ru:m] camera.
I have little time to visit you. > [ai hEv litl taim to vizit iu:] - Am putin timp ca sa te vizitez.
Ten and ten is twenty. > [ten End ten a: r tUenti] - Zece ~i cu zece fac douazeci.
Um1eaZa dm nou un exercltiu, in care trebUie sa completati propozitii:
Mama lui este in Anglia acum. - His mother is in >England now.
Vorbiti romane~te? - Do you speak >Romaman ?
Nu. Vorbim engleze~te. - No, we don't. We >speak English.
La ce ora este trenul spre Bucure~ti? - >What tllne IS the train to Bucharest?
Cartea ta este aiei. - Your book is >here.
Traim intr-un ora~ mic. - We live in a >]lttJe town.
Sunt douazeei de serisori pe masa. - There are >t\\'cnty letters on the table.
Dacd din propozirie reiese ciaI' cd acrillnea se desfcl~oarriin l71ol7lentlll vorbiril, clIvintele now, at the
moment ~i justfi pot Ol1l1se.
lata cateva exemple:
Where are you going? - Unde mergetl?
We're going home. - Mergem acasa.
Are they waiting for John? - II a~teapta pe John?

Yes, they are. - Da.
"Are they waiting for John?" "Where are you going?"

"Yes, they are." "We're going home."
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza, folosind prezentul continuu:
Ii scrii 0 scrisoare Mariei? > Are you writmg 3. letter to Mary')
Da. > Yes, I am.
Unde duci acest scaun? > Whc] c are you taking this chair?
Duc acest scaun in bucatarie. > I" J1l iakmg thIs chair to the kItchen.
Ce cite~ti? > What arc you readmg')
Citesc 0 carte. > I'!l1 Icadmg a book.
Mergeti la ~coala? > All' you going to school')
Da. > Yes, we are.
in ultimul exercitiu al acestei parti vom recapitula materialul nou. Traduceti in limba engleza:
ACllm fiul lor merge cu ma~ina in Romania. > Their son is driving to Romania now.
Acum merg la oficiul po~tal. > I an\ going to the post-office now.
Imi plac bucatariile engleze~ti. > L like English kitchens.
El are doua stilouri verzi. > He has two green pens.
Unde merge barbatul acesta acum? > Where is tl1lS m<ln gomg now?
Nu-mi plac zilele de luni. > I don't like Mondays.
Miercurea este a treia zi a saptamanii. > Wednesday is the third day of the week.
El citqte acum 0 carte in engleza? > Is he reading an English book now')
Mama mea de obicei nu-mi intelege > My Il\other docsn't usually understand
scrisorile. I1\Y lelkls
Trenul nostru tocmai sose~te. > ()UI [rain IS just eoming.
loi la ora opt il vizitez intotdeauna pe fiul meu. > 1 always visit my son at eight on Thursday.
Cine te a~teapta acum? > Who is waiting for you now?
La ce ora mergi la ~coala in fiecare zi? > What time do you go to school every day?
Ace~ti baieti vorbesc acum cu fetele acelea? > Are these boys talking to those girls now')
Vorbqti engleza? > Do you speak English')

LECTIA
, 5 - PARTEA A DOVA
Ca ~i pana acum, ineepem partea a doua a aeestei leqii ell eateva euvinte
nOl:
eye >[ a/] -ochi
mouth >[maliT'] -gura
daughter >[ do:ta'J - fiica
baby >[ be/bi] -bebelu~
mouth >[maliT'] - gura
tomorrow >[tCm1orilll] -maine
desk >[ desk] - birou, banea
bed >[becl] -pat
Sa repetam cuvintele noi in alta ordine:
eye >[ ai] -ochi
tomorrow >[tamorau] -maine
daughter >[ do:til'] - fiica
month >[ man l"] -luna
desk >[desk] - birou, banca
mouth >[ maul"] -gura
bed >[bedJ -pat
baby >[beibi] -bebelu~

Sa folosim cuvintele noi In propozltii. Cititi-le cu voce tare, urmarind eu aten!le pronuntia:
She has blue eyes. > hI: hEz blu: alz] - Ea are ochi alba~tri.
My baby is in the third > [mai beibi iz in O/a T'a:'d - Bebelu~ul meu este In camera
room. nun] a treia.
Your mouth is red. > [10:' mauT' iz red] - Gura ta este ro~ie.
My daughter is reading > [ma; do:ta' iz ri:d/l1(~) - Fuca mea cite~te

a book now. a buk nau] acum 0 carte.
It is Monday tomorrow. > [it iz mandel tamolau] - Maine este luni.
One month has four weeks. > [U an manT' hEz fo.' "l:ks] - a luna are patm saptamani.
There are three beds > [O/Ca.' a:' T'ri: bedz - In camera sunt
in the room. /11 Df;} ru:m] trei paturi.
Her desk is good. > [ha:' desk IZ gud] - Biroul ei este bun.
Completati propozitiile urmatoare:
Aeum vorbe~te cu fiiea sa. - Now she is talking with her >daughter.
Este bine bebelu~ul? - Is the >baby all right?
Tata este In patul sau. - Father is in his> bcd.
Maine este vineri. - It is Friday >tomorrow.
Biroul meu este mare. - My >desk is big.
Este 0 luna frumoasa. - It is a nice >month.
Ea are ochii verzi ~i 0 gura mica. - She has green >eyes and a little mouth.
Nu uitati, expresia "to go to bed" se interpreteaza In doua feluri: "a se

baga In pat" sau "a merge la culcare".
Folositi expresiile noi In urmiHorul exercitiu de traducere:
Acest bebelu~ are ochii verzi ~i > This baby has green eyes and
o gura mare. a big mouth.
Fiica lui are doi fii. > HIS daughter has two sons.
Vreau sa merg la culcare. > I want to go to bed.
Nu am bHOU in camera. > I have no desk m the room.
Maine este marti. > It is Tuesday (( 'morrow.
Ce luna este acum? > What month is it now?

Am invatat deja cil prepozItia "into" inseamna in lunba romana: "in, spre, inspre".
Opusul aeesteia, adiea notiunea "afarn din, din" se exprima prin "out of' [aut 0\ J:
He is coming into the kitchen now, El intra acum 'in bucatane,
He is going out of the kitchen now. El iese din bucataric.
She is taking the baby out of the car now, Ea seoate <lCllm bcbelu~ul din ma~in3.
i/1 aceasta parte a leC[iei vom invata despre 11/7 alt tip de silllatii in carc sc IIlifl:eazti timpuf prezent
continuu. Acesta poate expnma timpul viitor, caml este vorba desprc 0 ([Crilllle pe care am pliil1uit-o
deja, de aceea i/7 mod sigur eo va (/\'eo loc.
Acesle pro]Jozirii se pot traduce in limba romana la timpul prezenl sau viitor
Sa vedem cateva exemple:
Tomorrow I'm going > l t:111101 au alln gauin(g) - Maine merg la

to my mother. tu lIla' maD/a'] mama mea.
On Friday we are writing > [on fi aidi "}; a I raitll1 1g1 - Vinel i iti SCI iem serisoarea.
the letter to you. D/~l Ict,I' tu lU:]
Tomorrow we are opening > [tall1orau "i: a:' 3UPllllll:') - Maine yom desehide
a shop, a :;op] un magazm.
On Thursday they C'!lllll'al/!lll)'ci - JOl el VOl' lucra aeasa.

are work II1g al home. d ' "a 'k 1/1 1 'I I 1 11.1111111
Penlru indicarea viitomfui jJutem folosi urmcltoarele cuvintc:
next > [nekst] - urmalor, care urmeaz3, viitor
In >[ in] - in, peste, in deeurs de, dupa
Aeeste euvinte se folosese de obicei in unnatoarele expresii:
next week - saptamana viitoare
next month - luna viitoare
next Saturday - simbata viitoare
in an hour - peste 0 ora
in two days - peste doua zile
in three weeks - peste trei saptamani
Cititi propozitiile urmatoare in care figureaza aeeste expresii:
Next Monday I'm taking >[nekst mandel ann tClkll1 lg } ....: Lunea viitoare te due
you to England. iu: tu ingland] in Anglia.
I'm going to Romania >[ aim gaLlIl1 l g) tLl rumeima - Merg in Romania
in two days. 111 tLl: dC1Z] peste doua zile.
$i acum urmcaZL7 in!orma(ii 1I0i ill legiitllul eLI pronumele pcnonalc !il adjectivele pronominale
posesive. in leeria anterioarii a11l srl/diat pronllmelc you fa aeLlzativ, eLi ill!efesul "pe tme, pe voi, pe
dumncavoastrii, tie, VOila, dllf}/!7em·oastrd'·. far aellm sci l'cdem ~i ce[e[a{te prol1ume fa cazlinfe
1I0011inatil' ,I'i acuzatil' preCtl111 :;;i adjectivele pronominale posr?sil'r?
Nomillati]' Adjective prol1omi!7a!e ACII:::ativ (~'i Dativ)

posesivl?
- eu my meu, mea, me >[1111 I -pe mme, ma,

mei, mele mie, iml, mi-, -ml
you - tu, your - ta, tau, tai, you >[/LI I pc tine, te, tie, iti,
dumneavoastra tale, dumitale, Ii, dumitale, dvs,
dvs.
he -el his lui/sau, him >[lillllJ - pc d, ii, 1-, lui, ii, i-
lui/sa,
lui/sai,
(lui/sale)
she - ea her ei/sau, her >[l1a:'] - pc ea, 0, ci, il
sai, sale
it -cl, ea its lui, sale, ei it >[ it] - pc el, 11, 1-, lui, 1i, i-,
(pt. obiecte, (pt. obiecte, pe ea, 0, ei, ii
l101iuni abstracte, notiuni abstracte,
animale) animal e)
we - nOI our - nostrll, noastra, us >[ ~\s] - pe noi, ne, noua,
no~tri, noastre ne, 111
you . voi, dvs. your voslru. vO!lslrfl,
Vll~t ri, VO:lstl'I.:, you >jlll ) - pe voi, va, pe
(hllnitalc, dvs. dllmneata, pe dvs.
voua, va, vi
they - ei, ele their -lor them >[ D/em] - pe ei/ele, lor, le, Ii
Sa exersam formele accstor pronume pentru cazurile acuzativ, respectiv dativ:
1'm just talking to him. - Tocmal Ii vorbese.

She loves me. - Ea rna \Ube~te.
I don't understand her. - Nu 0 1nteleg.

His father likes us. - Tatal lui ne place.
I'm writing a letter to them now. - Acum le scriu 0 serisoare,
We are talking about it now. - Acum vorbim despre aceasta.
In ultima propozi(ie al11 inta/nit 0 prepozitic noua:
about :>[abaut] - despre, de
In exerci(iulurmator, completati propozitiile eli pronumele eorespunzatoare:
Te iubesc. - I love :>YOLI.

Tocmai vorbesc despre el. - I'm just speaking about >him.
o cuno~ti pc ea? - Do you know >her?
Maine mergi la ~coala ell noi? - Are you going to school with >lIS tomorrow?
Cine se uita la mine acum? - Who is looking at :>me now?
Maine Ii due la Bueure~ti. - I'm taking >them to Bucharest tomorrow.
Toemai eitese despre aeeasta. - I'm just reading about >it.
Maria merge eu tine maine la plimbare? - Is Mary going for a walk with >you
tomorrow?
Iar aeum urmeaz3 trel verbe noi:
to give > [tu giv] - a da, a darui
to send > [tu send] - a trimite
to show >[tu~au] - a arata
Exersa(i verbele noi In propozi(ii. Citi(i eu voce tare:
He is givll1g me > [hi: iz givin(g) l1l1: - Aeum Imi da stiloullui.

his pen now. hiz pen nau]
1 am just sendmg > [ai Em djast sendin(g) - Toemai trimit 0 scrisoare.

a letter. i\ leEl']
They are showing me > [Olel 3:' ~allin(gl mi: - Ei Imi arata aeum
their apartment now. OZei' apa:rtmimt n3u] apartamentullor.
in unnatorul exereiliu eompletali propoziliile In limba engleza eu adjeetivele pronominale posesive

~i pronumele personale eorespunzatoare 1a nominativ ~i aeuzativ:
Aeum IIi dau eartea mea. - >1 am giving >YOll my book now.
EI toemai Ii serie ei 0 serisoare. >11c is just writing a letter to >her.
Nu vorbim despre ei ~i - >\Vc are not talking about >them and

ma~inilelor. >(iJeir cars.
Peste 0 saptamana te due la mama mea. - In a week >1 am taking >YOll to my mother.
in eontinuare, iata eifre1e de 1a lIla 19:
II - eleven > [ilevn]
12 - twelve > [tllelv]
13 - thirteen > [T'il:rti:n]
14 - fourteen > [fo:'ti:n]
15 - fifteen > [fiftin]
16 - sixteen > [siksti:n]
17 - seventeen > [sevnli:n]

18 -- eighteen >[eiti:n]
Sa exersam aceste numere traducand in limba engleza unnatoarele expresii:
17 zile > SCI ClltCCIl days
peste 16 saptamani > in sl,icl'll weeks
12 luni >tWClll' !llollths
peste 18 zile > in C1ghllTll CldYS
15 baieti >flftccn h\)I~
11 minute > eleven ll1111l1lL",
13 cladiri > thirteen buJidl[I~\
19 ma~ini
peste 14 luni > In fourlccn ll101l111s
Inaintea tenninarii leqiei sa recapitulam cele invatate pana acum. Traduceti in limba engleza:
Maine mergl la el (la casa lui)? > Are you gOll1g to his bouse tomOLTOw?
Umlt: trimi(i scrisoarca ci? > Whcre :lIc yOLl ~cndll1g her letter')
Saptamfllla viltoarc 11 duccmln Anglla :> "C'\! II ,'L'k II l' ;\rl: l:\k11lg them to England
pentru cincisprezccc zilc. I ()I I illL'L' I1 d, I V '.
A treia casa din dreapta are douasprezecc camerc. > I Ill' thlld hOLlSl' 011 1Ill' II~ht lidS twclve rooms.
Eu tocmai duc bebelu~ullor in bucatarie. > I'm Just taking thell baby to the kitchen.
Pe biroul tau este un stilou. > There IS a pen on your desk.
Acest barbat are doua fiice. > ThiS man has two daughters.
Nu inteleg engleza. > I don't understand English.
Vreau sa-ti dau cartile mele. > [ want to give you my books.
Ne place sa mergem la plimbare duminica. > We love to go for .\ walk on Sunday.
In fiecare vineri 11 vizitez pe fiul meu. > I visit my son every Friday.
Acum ei nu se uita la noi. > They aren't looking at us now.
Cine are ochi frumo~i? > Who has nice eyes?
Nu citesc aceasta carte acum. > I'm not reading this book now.
Tocmai scriu 0 scrisoare tatalui nostru. > l'mJust writlllg a letter to our father.
Ei vorbesc acum despre fiica ta? > Arc they talklllg aboLlt your daughter now?
Momentan nu-i aratam (ei) > At the moment we are not showing her
casa noastra. our house.
Sambiitii venim intotdeauna la tine. > On Saturday we always come to you.
Unde este? > Where IS it?

lar acum, la sfaqit, urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Cititi cuvintele grupate dupa vocalele identice:
[ai] [i: J [aLi J [e] [E]

Friday we post enter man
all right see go seven understand
behind read tomorrow every
moment
, 5
5.1. In limba engleza zilele saptamanii se seriu eu litera mare:
Monday - luni
Tuesday - marti
Wednesday - 1111ereun
Thursday - J01
Friday - - VInen
Saturday - sambata
Sunday - duminiea
5.1.1. Daea inaintea zilelor saptamanii se afla euvantul "every" (fieeare) atunei nu se folose~te
prepozitia "on":
on Monday - luni
every Monday - in fieeare luni
5.2. Daca intr-o propozitie sunt doua complemente cireumstantiale de timp, eel care determina
timpul mai exact, treee pe primulloe:
sambata la ora cinei - at five on Saturday
5.3 Present Continuous Tense (timpul prezent continuu)
5.3.1. Timpul prezent continuu se folose~te pentru exprimarea unei activitati care se desra~oara
in momentul vorbirii.
In propozitiile la prezentul continuu se folosesc urmatoarele complemente
eircumstantiale de timp:
now - acum
at the moment .., chi'll' acum, in acest moment
Just tocmai, chiar

"Just" sta inaintea verbului eu terminatia ,,-ing", iar "now, at the moment" se'itfla la
inceputul sau la sfiir~itul propozitiei:
I'm just talking to them. - Tocmai vorbesc cu ei.
He is working at the moment. - Ellucreaza chiar in clipa aceasta.
They are writing letters now. - Ei scriu acum scrisori.
5.3.2. Prezentul continuu se folose~te ~i pentru exprimarea acelor evenimente care sunt planuite
in viitorul apropiat ~i se vor desra~ura in mod sigur. In aceste situatii folosim urmatoarele
complemente de timp:
tomorrow - maine
next (week, month) - unnator, care unneaza (saptamana, luna)
in (two hours) - in, in decurs de (doua ore)
Aceste complemente de timp se afla la inceputul sau la sfar~itul propozitiei:
I'm going to England - Peste doua zile merg

in two days. in Anglia.
Next week they are - Saptamana viitoare ei deschid

opening a shop. un magaZln.
5.3.3. Ordinea partilor de propozitie la timpul prezent continuu este urmatoarea:
Subiect + "to be" + verb + complement direct (sau
prezent cu terminatia ,,-ing" alte parti de propozitie)
He is gOl11g home now.
Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii:

He is going home now. - EI merge acum acasa.
Is he going home now? - Acum merge acasa?
Negativul se formeaza adaugand particula "not" la "to be":
He isn't going home now. - Acum nu merge acasa.
5.3.4. Daca verbul se termina in ,,_e", atunci la adaugarea tenninatiei ,,-ing" se omite ,,-e"_ul:
to write - writing
to take - taking
5.4. Cazurile nominativ, acuzatlv ~i dati v ale pronumelor personale precum ~i adjectivele
pronominale posesive sunt cup rinse in tabelul unnator:
Nominativ Adjective pronominale Acuzativ (~i Dativ)

posesive
my me - pe mine, ma, mie, imi, mi-,

-ml
you your you - tie, iti, -ti, dumitale,
pe dumneavoastra, pe tine, te
he his him - pe el, iI, 1-, lui, ii, i-
she her her - pe ea, ei, ii
it its it - pe ea, 0, ei, ii, pe el, ii, -I, lui, ii, -.
(pentru obiecte, natiuni abstracte~
animale)
we our us - pe noi, ne, naua, ne, ni
you your you - pe voi, va
pe dumneavoastra, voua, va, vi
they their them - pe ei, ele, lor, Ie, Ii
I visit him every Monday. - 11 vizitez in fiecare luni.

He often talks to them. - Vorbe~te des cu ei. (Le vorbe~te des.)
They like me. - Ei rna plac.
We are talking about her. - Vorbim despre ea.

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 5
-Rezolvati exercitiile de mai jos ~i trimiteti-le pentru verificare.
1. Next week we are going to England.
2. Who is speaking at the moment?
3. She is just sending a letter to our mother.
4. He wants to speak English.
5. Their sons are just going out of this big building.
I. Le dai maine aceasta carte?
2. Cine conduce acum ma~ina noastra?
3. Marti la ora ~apte fiica noastra vine la noi.
4. In ficcarc micrcuri scricm scrisori ullor o;lmcni.
5. In clip<1 aCC<1s!a I1U lucrez in biroul mcu.
C. Alcatuiti propozitii foJosind urmatoarele cuvinte:
1. who, us, next, Friday, visiting, is
2. when, they, Romania, to, coming, are
3. boy, the, love, girl, the, does
D. In fiecare din urmatoarele propozitii exista 0 gre~eala. Rescrieti propozitiile, corectand gre~elile:
1. On every Tuesday I visit my mother.
2. What time are you takeing this book tomorrow?
3. Where do you go now?
4. Who is usually reading books?
5. We are just going to see his.

LECTIA
, 6 PARTEA INTAl
lncepem lec(ia noua prin invaiarea catorva cuvinte noi. Repetaii cuvintele
~i fiii atenli la pronuntia corecta:
sister > [sista'] - sora

hand >[hEnd] - mana
money > [mani] - bani
question > [k"est~an] - intrebare
way > [lief] - drum, cale
garden >[ga:'dn] - gradina
fish > [fl~] - pe~te
suit > [su:t] - costum de haine
animal > [Enimal] - animal
to eat >[tui:t] - a manca, (a se hrani)
Repetati aceste cuvinte in alta ordine:
garden > [ga:'dn] - gradina
way > [Uef] - drum, cale
to eat >[tui:t] - a manca, (a se hrani)
question > [k"est$<lIl] - intrebare
fish > Ills I - pe~te
money >[manij - bani
animal > [Enjmal] - animal
sister > [sista'J -sora
hand > [hEnd] -mana
suit >[su:t] - costum de haine
Jar acum sa invaiam ~i cateva expresii:
to ask a question > [tu a:sk a k"est~an] - a pune 0 intrebare,

a intreba ceva
this way > [DZis Uef] - pe aici, pe aceasta cale
which way > [Uit~ Uef] - pe unde

Sa vedem acum ciHeva propozitii cu cuvintele noi. Cititi cu voce tare:
My sister is a nice girl. > [mal sista' iz a nais ga:' I] - Sora mea este 0 fata draguta.
I don't want to eat this fish. ~ Nu vreau sa mananc acest pe~te.
Tomorrow we are going >ll~II1l0raU lli: a: r gauJI1(g) - Maine mergem

to her garden. (li ha:' ga:'dn] in gradina ei.
Do you want to ask him >[dlllll: "on t tu a:sk him - Vrei sa-I pui lui
this question? [Y IS k "est~im] aceasta intrebare?
I haven't money. > l al h Evnt mani] - Nu am bani.
Their suits are green. > l lYe? su:ts a:' gri:n] - Costumele lor sunt verzi.
That woman has > [DIEt Uum[m hEz - Femeia aceea are
nice hands. nais hEndz] maini frumoase.
Have you animals at home? > [hL:\' IU: Enimfdz Et haum] - Ai acasa animale?
The way to this town > [Dzb. "el tll D 7 1S taun - Drumul spre acest ora~
is long. IZ lon(gl] este lung.
Substantivul "bani" se folose~te intotdeauna la singular:
VVhereis Inylnoney? - Unde sunt banii mci?
Completati propozitiile in Iimba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Tatal meu are dOli a surori. - My father has two /SIsters.
Banii ei sunt pe masa. - Her :>money is on the table.
Mama ~i tatal nostru se plimba - Our mother and father are walking
acum in gradina. in the >garden now.
Cine ii pune acum 0 intrebare? - Who is asking him a Xjllcs(lon now?
Vreau sa Ie dau aceste costume. - I want to give them these >suits.
Acum mancam pe~te. - We are >eatlllg fish at the moment.
Peste 0 saptamana duccm animalele noastre - In a week we are taking our :::iJ.nimals
in gradina. to the garden.
Fratele tau are in mana cartea mea. - Your brother has my book in his :>hand.
Eu merg pe aici. - I'm going this >way.
Traduceti din limba romana in limba engleza:
Acum sunt in gradina noastra. :> I'm in our garden now.
Surarii tale ii place sa manance pe~te. :> Your sIster likes to eat tish.
EI are bani In mana. > He bas money Il1 bis hand.
Costumul tau este frumos. > Your SUIt IS IlIce.
Nu Inteleg Intrebarea tao > I don't understand your questIon.
Pe unde mergi la serviciu de obicei? > Whicll way do you usually go to work')
Iubese animalele mario > I love bIg animals.
Si acum sa vedem cel de-af treilea caz in care se folose-$te timpul Present Continuous. Prezentul
continuu se folose:~te -$i atunci cfmd ac!iunea se desfa-$oara in prezent -$i se refera la 0 activitate
excepfionalii. l~l acest caz folosim urmiitoarele complemente de timp:
today - aZI
this (week, month) - aeesta, aeeasta/ln aceasta (saptamana, luna)
Sa vedem eateva exemple:
I usually go to work by bus, >[ai iu.Juali gau tu L1 a.'k - De obieei merg la lueru
but today I am going by car. bai bas bat tildei 31 EIll eu autobuzul, dar azi
gauln lg ) bal ka:'] merg eu ma~ina.
We usually eat at home, but >["i: iu:juaII l.t Et haum bat - De obicei maneam aeasa, dar
this week we are eating DZis "i:k "i: a I i·tln lg ) In aeeasta saptamana
at a restaurant. Et a restront] maneam la restaurant.
This month I'm writing > [DZI s manT' aim raitin lg ) - In aeeasta luna scriu
letters to my sister. leta'z tu mai sistarJ scrisori surorii mele.
He usually reads books >[hi: !U'juali ri:dz buks - De obieei seara el eite~te
in the evenings, but today in D'I i:vnin lgl bat tadel earti, dar azi elmerge
he is going for a walk. hi: 17. gauI1l 1C1 f'O:' a "o :k I la pi imbarc.
"I usually go to work by bus, ... " ..... but today I am going by car."
Inainte de a trece la exercitiul urmator, yom invata un cuvfmt nou:
but >l hatJ - dar, insa, totu~i
Completa(l propozi(iile de maijos cu verbele la timpul corespunzator, prezentul continuu sau simplu:
Mama mea de obicel lucreaza panil la opt, - My mother usually >\\'orks to eight,
dar azi lucreaza pfma la cinci. but today she >1:' \1 ell kmg to five.
Dimineata merg des la ~eoala, dar in - 1 often >go to school in the morning, but
aeeasHi dimineata merg la eumparaturi. this morning 1 >all1 gum!:! shopping.
Tatalui lor ii place sa eitcasca carti dupa-amiaza, - Their father >likcs to read books in the
dar azi a viziteaza pe mama sa afternoon, but today he >is \'isitlng
his mother.
In aceasta luna IlU conduc ma~ina. - This month 1 >aml1ot driving the car.
Azi nu lunam, dar II duccm pc fiul nostru - Today we >are not working but we are laking
la Bucurqli. our son to Bucharest.
Dupa aceasta pregat!re exerci(iile de traducere nu mai pot constitui 0 problema:
De obicei merg pe jos la lucru, dar azi > I usucdly walk to work, but today
tatal meu ma va lua eu ma~ina. my lalher i:, I;lkmg me by car.
Nu-mi place sa-I vizitez pe aeest baiat, > I dOll'! like \ll 11:'11 thiS boy.
dar saptamana aceasta ma duc la e1. but thiS \Veek ['m gOing tll hll11.
De obicei ei merg la lucru dimineata, > They u;,ua\\y go III wOlk. in the morning.
dar azi merg dupa-amiaza. but today they are gOing in the afternoon.
Nu-mi place sa 0 a~tept pe sora lui, > 1 don't like to wait for his sister,
dar azi 0 a~tept. but today [ 3m waiting.
in accasta luna il due in Anglia. > This month I'm takmg him to England.
lar acum urmcaza vcrbe noi:
to fly > flU 11:1/1 - a zbura (a calatori eu avionul)
to bring > 11\1 hllll' '/ - a aduee
to smile (at) - a zambi (euiva)
Sa vedem aeeste verbe in propozitii:
Tomorrow 1'111, flying > [tamorau ~'")) !lalll/ g ) - Maine ealatorese eu avionul
to Berlin. tll bil '11I1J la Berlin.
He often brings her > [hi: orll brill/elz ha:' - EI..u.aduee des eartiGei.
books. buks]
That girl is just smiling > [DZEt garllz djast - Fata aeeea tocmai iti zambe~te.
at you. ~lI1a'lill(gl Et iu:]
Sa verificam daca ati asimJ lat cuvintele no1. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitIi in limba engleza:
Maine calatoresc cu avionul la Londra. > Tomorrow 1'm tlyl11g to London.
Acest baiat imi zambqte intotdeauna. > This boy always smiles at me.
Tata aduce masa In a doua camera. > Father is bnngll1g the table to the second room.
Acul11 va vom prezenta din nou cateva cuinte no1. Repetati-le Cli voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
plane > [plelll] ~ avion
aeroplane > [earaplell1] - aVlOn
name > [nelln] - nume
bedroom > [bedru.m] - dormitor
sometimes > [samtaimz] - uneori, cateodata
In limba engleza atat "Eu ma numesc .... " cat ~i "pe mine ma cheama" se
traduc prin "my name is ...".
Sa exersam cuvintele noi; completati propozitiile in limba engleza:
Cateodata 0 vad pe sora lor. - I >sometimes see their sister.
In aceasta casa sunt trei dormitoare. - There are three> bedrooms in this house.
Cum te cheama? - What is your >name?
Cum il eheama? .- What are their '>11,ll1ll"."
Imi r1ace sa merg ell aVlOnlil. I like to go by 'I'LIIIC.
lar acum in cadrlll disCII{iel despre timpul p"ezent conlinuu illlYJ{am 0 regula gramaticala foarte
importanta Cll privire la folosirea verbelO1: Exista verbe pe care nu Ie putem folosi ia acest timp.
Acestea sunt verbe care exprima senza{ii sau sentimente. lata cateva exemple dinlec{lile anterioare:
to see > [tll si:] a vedea
to know > [tll nall] a ~ti, a cunoa~te
to like > [tll lazk] a-i placea, a indragi
to think > [tll T'in(glkJ a crede
to want "'
>,[tu "ont] a vrea
to have > [tu hEv] a avea, a poseda

to understand > I tll anda'stlnd] - a intelege, a pricepe
to be >[lu bL] - a f1
1 know his sister. >1,\/11,1\1 hlz sist~ll] - 0 cunose pe sora lui.
I don't understand h1m. >/ :11 <I,llll)j anda'st£nd hJJlIJ - Nu-linteleg.
I like you, >Iu Lllk ru 1 - Imi placi.
Ciliar 1i /n cazlil /n ('(//"c pc Idngcl aceslr: verbe in propozi{ie se afld expresiile now, just, at the mo-
ment /n mod o!Jligll!ul"//I \'(' Iduse,.,·e timplll Prcscnt Simple.
At the mO!llcnt I d(\n'1 >11 I l)l,l millunant ai daunt -l\'u-l vad acum.
sec hil11. ~;j: him]
I don't know it nov.. >[ ai daunt nilu It Ilau] -- Acum nu ~tiu.
I don't understand you >[ ai daunt anela' 51 End ill: - Acum nu te Inteleg.
now. nau]
Completati propozitiile Cll verbele corcspunzatoare:
Aeum ~tiu ea maine elmefge la Bucure~ti. - Now J >kJj()\v he >IS going to Bucharest
tomorrow.
in aceasta saptamana 0 vad marti. - This week 1 >see her on Tuesday.
Tatal nostru nu lucreaza acum In gradina. - Our father >is not working in the garden now,
Unde merg eu avionul surorile lui maine? - Where >are his sisters flying tomorrow?
Acc~ti oamcni luereaza Intotdeauna sambata. - These people always >work on Saturdays.
Nu VOl' sa meal'ga eu nOI aeolo. - They >don't want to go there with us.
Cine lucreaza in a doua camera aCllm? - Who >i, working in the second room now?
Fiul nostru vine acasa de obicei la ora - Our son usually >comes home at five in the
cinci dupa-arniaza, dar azi vine La doua. afternoon, but today he >is coming at two.
Ea TIU vrc<.! sa mearga ~a ::;coala. - She >doesn't want to go to school.
Aces! ceas estc de obicci in camera mea, - ThIS clock >is usually in my room,
dar azi este ill d()fmitoruLLui. but today it >is in his bedroom.
in cele ce urmeaza ne vom ocupa de plumlul substantivelOl: Acele substantive care la singular au
termina{ia -s, -sh, -ch, -x, la plural primesc termina{ia -es, care se pranun{a liz]:
bus >{ bas] - buses >{baSlz]
church - churches
Daca substantivul se term ina In -e, la plural prime:;te doar termina{ia -s :;i se pronun{ii la Jel [iz]:
house >{haus] - houses >{hauZlZ]
office >{ oris] - offices >{ ofislZ]
Aceea~i regula este valabila ~i pentru verbe:
to teach >{tu tl.l~] - a Invata (pe altii), he teaches >[hi: ti:t~IZ]

- a preda
Termina{ia -es se Jolose:;te la persoana a treia singular :;i In cazul In care verbul la infinitiv se
term ina In -0.
to go >{ tu gau] - a merge she goes >[~i: gauz]
Sa exersam regulile. Completati propozitiile In limba engleza ~i cititi-Ie apoi cu voce tare. Atentie la
pronun\ie!
La Bucure~ti autobuzele sunt ro~ii. - In Bucharest >buses are red.
Casele de pe strada Garii sunt frumoase. - >Houses in Station Street are nice.
Mama mea preda engleza Intr-o ~coala. - My mother >teachcs English in a school.
Sunt unsprezece birouri In aceasta clad ire. - There are eleven >offices in this building ~
Sora mea vrea sa viziteze acele biscrici. - My sister wants to visit those >churches.
Petre merge acolo In fiecare marti. - Peter >gocs there every Tuesday.
lata cateva verbe noi:
to keep >[tuki:p] - a tine
to pay (for) > [tu pel] - a pillti
to hear >[tUhlll'] - a auzl
to try > [tu trail - a lncerca, a proba

Citili urmatoarele propoziFi ~i fili atenli la pronunlie:
Mary keeps an animal > lmean ki:ps an Enimal - Maria tine acasa un animal.
at home. 1:1 hilUm]
Her sister teaches them > l 11<1:' snstii'" ti:t~iz DZem - Sora ei ii invata in fiecare zi
to read every day. III n d ('vri dei] sa citeasca.
Who pays for the books? > I hLl: PClZ fo:' DZa buks] ~ Cine plate~te caI\ile?
Do you hear my father > I dll ill: hia' mai fa:Dza' - iI auzi pe tatal meu
in the garden? III [Ya ga:'dn] in gradina?
They are just trying to > l IYel a: r djast traiin(g) tll - Ei tocmai incearca
ask you a question. a:sk iu: a k"est~an] sa-ti puna 0 intrebare.
Traduceti in lil1lba cnglaa propozitiile de mai jos:
Aculll (ci) inccarca sa scrie 0 scrisoare lunga > They are trying to write a long letter
lllal1lci lor. to their mother now.
Ai animale acasa? > Do you keep animals at home?
Maine piatim aceste case. > Tomorrow we are paying for these houses.
Tatallui are birouri in aceasta cladire. > H is father has offices in this building.
Cine incearca sa iasa din gr~lliina? > Who is tlying to go out of the garden?
Sunt cateva biserici frumoase in Bucurc~tl. > 1'11CIl' ;IIC SOII1C 11ICC churchcs in Bucharest.
Urnuitoarea regula se refera la pluralul substantivelor care se termina In -yo Daca Inaintea sunelului
0 consoana, atunci la plural terminatia -y se schimba In -i, ~i va fi urmal de
-y se afla (Ia singular)
lerminatia -es.
baby - babies > [beibiz]
country - countries >lkantriz]
factory - factories
Dadi ter-millaria -y a lI/llli sllhstalltiv la singular este preceda,ta de 0 vocala, alunci cuviintul prime~te
la plural doar termillatia -s:
boy boys >[boiz]
way ways
Aeeea~i regula esle valabila -?i penlru verbele eu terminatia -y:
to try he tries > [hi: tralz]
to pay she pays > [~i: peiz]

Completati propozitiile in limba engleza.
EI incearca intotdeauna sa fie bun - He always >tlles to be good.
Ea tocmai plate~te pentru aceste car-ti. - She is just >paymg for these books.
Tatallui are cateva fabric!. - His father has some >factones.
Acqti bebclu~i nu Ie aud pc mamcle lor. - These >babies don't hear their mothers.
Acqh baieti vor sa viziteze cateva tari. - These >boys want to visit some >countnes.
~ Atentie: verbul ,.to hear" nu poate fi folosit la timpul prezent continuu.
in exercltiul urmator yom veri fica notiumle insu~ite pima acum, refelitoare la pluralul substantlvel<!!."..
~i la ortografia corecta a verbelor conjugate. Traduceti in limba engleza: j
Acqti baieti nu vor sa mearga acasa. > These boys don't want to go home.
Bebelu~ii lui sunt acum in gradina. > His babies are m the garden now
Ea incearca sa citeasca 0 carte in fiecare zi. > She tnes to read one book every day.
in fiecare saptamana Ie trimitem cinci scrisori. > E\'ery week we send tht:1l1 flvc IcttCIS.
In acele tari oamenii traiesc in case mici. > In those C()lIntnt:~ 11l'UI'!c 11\t: III IIttlc houses.
Nu vreau sa Ie cer acestor baieti sa scrie > I don't II ,lilt III ,I,k thc,,,t: hoys to write about it.
despre aceasta.
Imi plate~te lunar 20 de dolari. I Ie- I'.IY:-' 'ilL' 20 dollars every month.
Aceste fabrici sunt mario > I ht::-.e factories are big.
far acum s(i lnwi!(illl lIIodllllmpcnlliv.
Dacd exprimal11 tin ol"din, verbulnu este precedat de particula to:
Go home! > l gau haumJ - Mergi acasa!

Mergeti acasa!
Read this book! > [n:d DZ\s buk] - Cite~te aceasta carte!
Cititi aceas(a carte!
Bring me a chair! - Adu-mi Ull scaun!

Aduceti-ml lin scaun!
Look at my sister! > [luk Et mai sista'] - Prive~te-o pe sora mea!
Priviti-o pe sora mea!
Think about it' > [T'mlg1k abaut it] - Gande;;te-te la asta!

Ganditi-va la asta!
Tcach mc l > [ti:t;; mi:] ~ Invata-ma!

Invatati-ma.
In limba engleza pentru persoana a daua atat la singular, cat ~i la plural,

falosim aceea~i expresie imperativa.
nuni "r(,171 sci expril71am 0 rugaminte, atunci se adallga cuvantlll pleasel pk?] -te rag, va rag:
Ask him for it, please. > [a:sk him fa:" it pli:z] - Cere-i lui, te rag.
Pay for this bicycle, please. > [pei fa:' DZis baisikl pli:z] - Platqte aceasta bicicleta, te rag.
Doni \'/'('11/ .1'(/ ordollclm cuiva sau sa rugam pe cineva sa lUI faca ceva, atunci i'naintea verbului se
PIII/i' lorII/O I/egative! a allxiliarului do (don't).:ji aici putemfolosi verbul please:
Don't open the window' > I (LlLInt aupn DZa Uindau] - Nu deschide fereastra!
Don't go out of yOlll' roo 111. > I daunt gau aut av io:' rll:l11j - Nu ie~iti din eamerele voastre.
Don't think about iI, pk:ls\'. >- I <I:lllnl T'lnl"lk :,b:lIll II pll /1 Nu tc giindi la asta, te rag.
Don't show me this book, ,1,1.111111 ' .. III 1111 I )'1', hilI. . Nu-mi arata aeeasta carte,
please. I >II / I te rag.
Sa eXl'lsalll ill'l1l't':\IIVltll'l1 :ljlltmul exerci(iului de mai jos:
Desehidc 1I~:1 an'asla' >Open this door!
Du-te la plimhare! >Go for a walk!
Nu merge eu ma~in:l, k rog. >Don't go by car, please.
Incearca sa-l cum peri I >Try to buy it!
A~teapta-ma te rag' >WclIt for me, please.
Nu lua ma~ina meal >Don 't take my car!
Nu vorbi eu aeeasta j~lta, te rag! >0011' t ta Ik to this girl, please.

Nu lucra seara! - >Don't work in the evening!
Multume~te-i pentru asta! - >Thank her for it!
Trimite aceasta scrisoare, te rag. >Send this letter, please.
"Open your mouth, please!"

LECTIA
, 6 - PARTEA A DaDA
In a<.:ea'IS!<1 parte vom recapitula reguJile gramaticale ~i cuvintele noi pe care Ie-am Invii\at In cele
dOlla leqii.
In prillllli cxcrcitiu silabele accentuate sunt scrise cu Jitere Ingro~ate. Pentru Inceput ascultati doar
<lialogllrilc. Apoi ascultati-le Inca a data ~i repeta\i diaJogul.
Mary: What is your name?

I'clel: My name is Peter.
Ilarh:lra: Is it Sunday today?

John: No, it is Monday, the second day of the week.
Ilarhara: Isn't Monday the first day of the week?
.I 0 11 n: No, Sunuay is the first day of the week in England.
TOIIJ: Do you like Saturday?

Mary: Yes, I do. On Saturday I always go to town so I usually have some time to visit my
sister.
TOIll' \"II('n do you usually go shopping?
Mary: I go into some shops on Tuesday and Wednesday.
John: \Vhal is her name')

Barbara: ller lIallll' IS Sheila.
John: ll's a Jlin' name. Some little babies have nice names. She is smiling at you.
Barbara: Slie always silliles al me to show me she loves me.
Mary: \Vho is working herc'!

Peter: I alll wlII'king hen:, l'nl \\Tiling a letter,
Tom: Tomorrow they ,Ire going 10 Bucharest to pay fur the houses,
Barbara: But where are they uow'!
Tom: This morning they are going 10 the post-ofTice. They are going there now.
Mary: I want to ask you a questioll: whk-h way arc Tom and Peter going to the office now?
John: Ask my father, please. I think he knows it.
Peter: What do you see now?

Barbara: I see a man, a woman and a little boy.
Peter: Is she talking to the man at the moment?
Barbara: Yes, she is.
Peter: All right. I'm going there now, Wait for me in the garden.
Mary: When do you want to go to England?

.I ohn: I want to go there next year, but I don't know English .
Ilarbara: Is the first house your house'!

I ()Ill: No, Peter has the first house and John has the third. Our house hasn't a garden. It is
the second.
Jar acum yom verifica intregul material nou din aceste doua Jectii. Traduceti in limba englez3
propozi1iile de mai jos:
Vreau sa trimit aceste scrisori vineri. > J want to send these letters on Fnday.
Aceasta carte este pentru tine. > This book IS for you.
Cred ca aceasta scrisoare este lunga. > I thmk this letter is long.
Tine acest stilou ~i scrie-i 0 scrisoare. > Take this pen and write a letter to her.
Romania ~i Anglia sunt tari frumoase. > Rom~lIlla and England are nice countries.
Sambata voi merge la plimbare. > On Saturday I'm gOll1g for a walk.
Mancam des in gradina. > We often eat in the garden.
Cui ii place sa citeasca carli? > Who loves to read books?
Miercuri la noua sunt intotdeauna acasa. > At nine on Wednesday I'm always at home.
Tocmai iqim din casa. > We are just going aLIt of the house.
Acum incearca s-o citeasca? > Is he trying to read it now?
Maria nu viziteaza aceasta biserica acum. > Mary IS not vIsiting thlS church now.
Cat este ceasul acum? > What time is it now')
$tiu romane~te, dar nu ~tiu engleza. > I know RonWIII:lIl hut I dOll't know English.
Cine vorbe~te engleze~te?
Ace~ti bebelu~i sunt aici. > I Ill'Sl' lillie h~lbles are here.
In dormitorul mcu se alla un pat ~i un hirOlI. - I hl'l C ~lIC a bed and a desk in my bedroom.
Fiica lui are ochi alba~tri ~i () gura ro~ie. > His daughter has blue eyes and a Icd IIlouth.
Mama mea lucreaza acum in bucatarie. > My mother is working In the kIll hCIl IlOW.
Luna viitoare (ei) zboara cu avionul > Next month they are flying hy pl:llIe
in Anglia. to England.
Peste zece zile ne ducem la ei. > We are going to them III tell d:IYS
Maine ne iei ~i pe noi cu tine? > Are you taking us With you tomorrow?
Da-i lui aceasta bicicleta, te rog. > Give him this hicyck, pkase.
Sora ei se plimba acum in gradina. > Her sister IS walking III the garden now.
EI are un costum verde. > He has a green suit.
$i pe~tele este un animal. > A fish IS also an animal.
Vrei sa ma intrebi ceva? > Do you want to ask me a question'!

Crezi ca este 0 cale buna de a obtine > Do you think it's a good way to get
ace~ti bani? (h is money')
De obicei lucrez luni, dar azi >I l\:,u~d]y work on Monday but today I am
nu lucrez. not work j ng.
Cine imi ziimbe~te? > Who is smiling at me')
Adu-mi ace~ti bani. > Bring me tills money
Cum il cheama? > What is his name'!
Acum nu-I vad. > I don't see it now.
lar acum, sa exersam prol1llI1tia vocalelor din urmatoarele grupuri de cuvinte:
(u] I ei I Ii] [ E] [ ai] [ i]
good way keep hand try sister
book pay teach man my office
look day eat animal this
baby read five visit

, 6
6.1. Cuvimtul "money" este Intotdeauna folosit la singular.
My money is on the table. - Banii mei sunt pe masa.
6.2. In limba engleza atat "ma numesc", cat ~i "pe mine ma cheama" se traduc prin "my name is. "
What is your name? - Cum te cheama?/Cum te nume~ti?
My name is Mary. - Ma numesc Mana.lMa cheama Maria.
His name is Peter Smith. - El se numqte/pe el Jl cheamalnumele lui

este Peter Smith.
What are their names? - Cum Ii cheama.?
6.3. Exista verbe care nu pot fi folosite la timpul prezent continuu. Acestea sunt verbele car __
exprima senzatii sau sentimente:
to see - a vedea
to know - a ~ti, a cunoa~te
to like - a-i placea, a i'ndragi
to think - a crede
to hear - a aUZI
to want - a vrea, a dori

to have - a avea, a poseda
to understand - a i'ntclcgc, a pi iccpe
to be -- a fi
I don't understand you. Nu te i'nleleg.
I think you are right. - Cred ca ai dreptate.
6.3.1. $i i'n cazul In can: i'n propozi(iile care conlin aceste verbe figureaza expresiile "now,
just, at the moment", trebuie folosit timpul prezent simplu:
Now I don't understand him. - Acum nu-l i'nteleg.
6.3.2. Daca din context reiese ca aqiunea se desfa~oara tocmai i'n momentul vorbirii, atunci
expresiile "now, just, at the moment" pot lipsi din propozitie:
Where are you going? - Unde te duci?
We are going to school. - Mergem la ~coala.
6.4. Pluralul substantivelor
6.4.1. Daca substantivulla singular se termina in ,,-s, -sh, -ch, -x" pluralul se formeaza
prin adaugarea terminatiei ,,-es" care se pronunta intotdeauna [1/ J :
bus - buses
church - churches
Daca in afara de terminatile de mai sus cuvantulla singular mai are ~i terminatia ,,-e",
atunci la plural prime~te doar un ,,-s" ~i pronuntia este de asemenea[ IZ].
6.4.2. Daca intr-un cuvant la singular tenninatia ,,-y" este precedata de 0 consoana, atunci la
plural ,,-y" -ul se transforma in ,,-i", la care se adauga tennina(ia ,,-es":
baby - babies
factory - factories
6.5. Fonnarea timpului prezent simplu la persoana a treia singular prin adaugarea la verb a sufixului
,,-es".
6.5.1. Daca la infinitiv verbul are terminatia ,,-s, -sh, -ch,-x" sau ,,-0", atunci la persoana a
treia singular prill1e~te sufixul ,,-es" care se pronunta intotdeauna [iz]:
teach - teaches
go - goes
6.5.2. Daca infinitivul vcrbului are tenninatia ,,-y" precedata de 0 consoana, atunci la persoana
a treia singular ,,-y"-ul se transforma in "i", la care.se adauga sufixul ,,-es":
try - tries
6.6. f'ropozi(iilc imperative
(1.(1. I. ()aca vrCI11 sa expnmam un ordin folosim forma de infinitiv scurt a verbului,
fara particula "to":
(,0 home! - Mergi acasa!
()aca vrcm sa nc cxprimam politicos sau vrem doar sa cerem ceva, atunci se adauga
cuvanlul "please":
Open the door, please. - Deschide u~a, te rag.
6.6.2. Daca ordonam cuiva sa nu t~lca ceva, atunci forma negativa a verbului auxiliar "do"
(don't) inaintea verbului:
Don't go home! - Nu merge acasii'
Putem folosi cuvantul "please" pentru 0 exprimare politicoasa:
Don't take it, please. - Nu-l lua, te rog.
6.6.3. In limba engleza, aceea~i forma de imperativ se poate referi aHit 1a singular cat ~i 1a
plural:
Go home! - Mergi acasal
Mergeli acasii'
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 6
Rezolvati ~i trimiteti pentru verificare exercitiile de mai jos:
A. Traduceti unniHoarele propozitii in limba romana:
1. We don't want to visit that man today.
2. Don't try to take this book!
3. Who teaches Romanian in this school?
4. Are the babies at home?
5. What are their names?
6. Where is your money?
B. Traduce1i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I. El ii aude in clipa asta?
2. Aceste doua fabrici sunt in apropierea statiei?
3. Mergi la tata ~i cere-i bani!
4. Cine vrea sa puna 0 intrebare?
5. Unde sunt aceste biserici?
6. Maine nu am timp sa 0 scriu
c. in propozi\iik: unnaloan: ex Isla gn:~eli. Corecta\i-le ~i rescrieti fiecare propozitie:
1. He isn't knowlI1g lhis girl.
2. In eighteen days I go to Bucharest.
3. He's name is Peter.
4. Our bois are good.
5. Her daughter trys to get the car.
6. You don't read this book, please.

, 5 SI
, 6
about > l~lhaut] despre, de, eu privire la
aeroplane > ll'ar~lpleinJ - aVlon
animal / I EJ1im~d] - animal
to ask a question > I III <i:sk a k"est~aJ1] - a pune 0 intrebare
at the moment > I Ll [Va maumant] - ill acest moment, chiar acum
baby > I [wi\) )] - bcbelu~
bed > [ heLlJ - pat

,
~
bedroom > lbcdrll:m] ~ dormitor
book > l bukJ - carte
to bring > [Ill hrin(gl] - a aduee (eu sine)
but > [batJ - dar, i'nsa, totu~i
to conle > [tu kam] - a veni, a ajunge
daughter > I do: 1;I'J - fiica
desk > I desk I - masa de scris, birou, pupitru, banea
dollar > 1(101:\', - dolar
to eat > I tll ill - a maoea, a se hril11i
eighteen > [eiti:nJ - optsprezece
eleven > [ilevn J - ullsprezece

)
,,-. England > [ ingland] - Anglia
English > [ingli~ J - englez
eye > (all - ochi
fifteen > I Ii It i 111 - cincisprezece
fish ; I t 1,1 - pe~te
to fly > 1111 li"'1 - a zbura
fourteen > I r" 'Iinj - paisprezece
Friday > Ilraid i j. l frairiei] - vmer!
garden > [ga.'dn] - gradina
to give > [tL! glvJ - a da, a dami
hand > [hEnd] - mana
to hear > [tu hia'] - a auzi
her > [ ha:'] - pe ea, ei, ii, -i; ei/sau;sai, sale

':
here >[hia'J - aici, pe aici
him >[hllnJ - pe el, ii, 1-, lui, ii, i-,
In >[II1J - in, la, inauntrul
It >[ ItJ - aceasta, asta (pentru obiecte,

noti uni abstracte, animale)
just >[ dpstJ - tocmai, chiar
to keep >[tu hpj - a tine
kitchen >[ kit~an J - bucatarie
letter >[ leta'J - scnsoare
little >[litIJ - mic, un pic, putin
to love >[tu lavJ - a iubi, a-i fi drag
man >[mEnJ - barbat
me >[mi:J - pe mine, ma, mle, imi, mi, -mi
Monday >[mandl], [mandelJ -luni
money >[m3mJ - bani
month >[manT'J - luna (calendaristica)
mouth >[mauT'J - gura
name >[neim] - nume
next >[nekstJ lIrma(or, care urmeaza
nineteen >[nalilti 111 l10uasprezece
now >1 '1.l1I1 - acum
out of ·'1 ,1111 :1 \ 1 - din (de ex. a scoate ceva din cev?-'-.
to pay (for) I
.~ II I 11\'/1 - a plati (ceva/pentru ceva)
pen >1 pL'1l1 - stilou
plane >lpklnj - avion, aeroplan
please >[plnJ - te rag, fii amabil
post-office > [paust ofisJ - oficiu po~tal
question > [k "est~anJ - intrebare
to read >[tu ridJ - a citi
right >[raltJ - drept, potrivit, corect
all right >[o:lraltJ - in ordine, in regula

on the right >[ on [Ya rait] - in dreapta, in partea dreapUi
to the right >1 tll [Ya ral1] -la dreapta
to be right >[ tu bi. ralt] - a avea dreptate
Romania >[rumemia] - Romania
Romanian >[ rumeinian] - roman
Saturday >[sEta'di], [sEta'dei] - sambata
to send >[ tu send] - a trimite
to show >[ tu ~au] - a arata
seventeen >[sevnti:n] - ~aptesprezece
sister >[ sist~l'] - sora

A
sixteen >[sikstin] - ~alsprezece
to smile (at) >[ tu smail l:tJ - a zambi (cuiva)
sometimes >[ samtaimz] - cateodata, uneori
son >[ san] - fiu
suit >[su:t] - costum de haine
Sunday >[ sandi], [sandel] - duminica
to talk (to/with) >[tu to:k] - a vorbi, a conversa
to teach >[tu ti:t~] - a preda, a invata (pe altii)
them >[IYcm] - pc ci/clc, lor, Ie, Ii
the third >11 )1;1 I ';1 '<II al treilea
thirteen ·1 ;1 IIi III - treisprezece

.-......
Thllrsday :1 '/dll.1 I ·:t.'/(!c/J - joi
lOlllO'l'OW ·ll.lfllOI<lllj - maine
to try ··1 t 1I 11';\ i I - a incerca, a proba
Tuesday '1I/lI/(li j, [tiuzdei] - marti
twelve "11 ''L-I \' I - doisprezece
twenty >11"clllll - douazeci
to understand >[ tll :IIHL!'stEnd] - a intelege, a pricepe
us >[ as] - pe noi, ne, noua, ne, ni
way >[ Uei] - drum, cale, direc(ie
Wednesday >["enzdi], [Uenzdei] - mlercun
week >[Ui:k] - saptamana
what time...? >[ Uot taim] -la ce ora?

whIch way? > ["lt~ "el ] - pe care drum, in ee direetie?
with > ["iDzJ - eu, ilTIpreuna eu
you > [iu") - tie, Iti, \1, dumneavoastra,

voua, va, vi, pe tine te,
pe dumneata, pe dvs , pe voi, va
DINCOLO DE PRIMII PASI
,
Ati lacut deja primii pa~i in invatarea limbii engleze. Ati constatat probabil, ca va este din ce in ce
mai u~or sa intelegeri propozitiile simple. S-ar putea sa averi greutari cu unele structuri gramaticale
sau cu unele cuvinte, dar aceasta este ceva obi~nuit. In curand veti putea folosi lara nici 0 dificultate
~i aceste forme mai complicate.
Pentru a va ajuta, de aCU111 inainlc, 1a inceputul fiecarui manual, vom prezenta 0 recapitulare a
regulilor gramaticalc inva\alc in caiclul precedent. Repetarea sistematica a celor invatate va ajuta
sa vii t1xa\i no\illnilc deja s{lldiate ~i (o(odata, va stimuleaza dezvoltarea cuno~tinrelor de limba
cnglcza.
- Mull sucCt,:s'
[>rofcsorul dUl11l1cavoaslra
© Copyright by
EUROCOR - lnstitutul European de Cursuri prin Corespondentii S.R.L.
2000
ISSN 1453-8474
1. Va rugam, incepcti rezolvarea temei pentru acasa numai dupa ce ati parcurs
intregul material, ati repetat euvinteJc ~i ati rczolvat lara gre~eli ultimele exercitii
de verificare. Inainte de a Ineepe rezolvarea acestcia va reeomandam sa studiati eu
atentie ~i sa reeititi Inc(\ 0 data (cxlul, urmarind regulile pe care recapitularea Ie
aeccntucaZ~1 prill plillclarc.
2. Atunci c;\lld Illva\,1I1l (l I iII lila sl ra inil, accasta trebuie exersata ~i repetata cu aceea~i
perscvcrcn\a Cll can.: am lllva\at sa ll1crgem. In acest scop v-au fost propuse 0 serie
dc cxerci\ii. Va slIgcr,lnl sa rcvedqi din cand In cand matcrialul deja parcurs. In
sClIrt limp, cllrsantlll sc V:I cOllvinge ca aeest lucru nu estc lipsit de sens. Tema
implica Illtotdeauna ~i repclarca maleriei din JcqiiJc anterioare. Obi~nuiti-va cu
acest mod de Jucru, care, In mod spontan ~i f<ira eforturi deosebite, va
improspateaza ~i consoJideaza euno~til1tcJe. Pentru a putea obtine rezultate in
invatarea limbilor straine cu ajutorul metodei noastre, nu aveti nevoie de un talent
deosebit. Chiar ~i cei care sunt mai putini receptivi in invatarea limbilor straine,
VOl' ajunge dupa cateva luni de studiu la un nivella care nici nu au sperat.
Deci, fiti gata de munca!
3. Propunerea noastra este sa incepeti rezolvarea temei folosind cioma. Va fi mai

u~or sa va corectati ~i sa propuncti mai multe posibile raspunsuri, iar la sfar~it sa
alcgeti varianta care vi se pare a fi eea mai buna.
4. Transcriqi tema "pc curat" doar cand sunteti siguri de rezolvare. Pentru trimiterea
temelor folositi fonnu]arelc tipilrite In aeest seor.
5. Nu uitati sa va seriqi numeJc, prel1ume!e, adresa, codu! profesorului ~i numarul

dc cursant sub care ati fost inregistrat. Acesta din urma se gase~te in scrisoarea care
confirma participarea dvs. la curs.
6. Va rugam scrieti citet!
7. Alaturati temei pentru acasa un plic timbrat autoadresat. In acest plic veti primi
tema corectata.
R. Este foarte important sa notati pc pJic numarul de cursant sub care ati fost
Inrcgistrat!
9. In cazulln care comandati matcriale noi de curs, sau aveti alte cereri legate de
relatii1e eu publicul, scrieti-Ie separat pe 0 foaie de hartie ~i trimiteti-le pe adresa
noastra impreuna cu tema. In coltul din stanga jos al scrisorii, scrieti "Relatii cu
publicul".
10. Dumneavoastra sunteti cel care stabile~te termenul de tnmltere a temei.

Independent de acesta, luerarea dumneavostra va fi intotdeauna eontrolata ~i
retrimisa de eiltre profesor.
Veti vedea, eforturile dumneavoastra vor fi rasplatite. Va dorim mult succes!

LECTIA 7 " "
PARTEA INTAl
,
Pentru inceput iata cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi cu voce tare:
brother > [braDZa ' ] - frate
friend > Ifrend] - prieten
horse > [ho:'s] - cal
ship > [~ip] - nava, vapor
cigarette > [sigaret] - tigara
the fourth > [Dca fo:'T'] - al patrulea, a patra
year > [iia ' ] - an (calendaristic)
foot > [fut] - laba piciorului
radio > [reidiau] - radio
song > [son(gl] - dintec, melodie
music > [l11iu:zik] - mUZlca
family > I IF, 111 iii] - familie
Acum repcla\i clivintele in alta online:
year > Ild\ - an (calendaristic)
ship > I sip] - nava, vapor
family > [fEmili] - familie
horse > [ho:'s] - cal
friend > [frend] - prieten
radio > [rcidiau] - radio
musIc > 111I1IL/ik I - muzica
brother > I hral)/:I'J - frate
cigarette > I sigaret] - tigara
song > l ~Oll(gl] - dntec, melodic
the fourth > I D'a fo:'P] - al patrulea, a patra
foot > l fut] - laba piciorului

Sa folosim aceste cuvinte in propozltii:
My brother is looking > [mal bi aDl~l' IZ luklt1(gi - Fratele meu se uita

at a big horse. Et a big ho 's] la un cal mare.
Bring me your cIgarettes! > [bnn(g) mI: 10:' slgarets] - Aduceti-mi tlgarile voastre!
I hear a song on > [al hia:' a son lg ) on - Aud 0 melodie la radIO.

the radio. DZa rCldliiu]
We are gOlllg to England > [L1 I: a:' gault1(g) tu in(glgland - Maine mergem cu vaporul
by ship tomonow. bal ~IP tamorau] in Anglia.
Our family likes to visit > [aua! fEmill lalks tu villt - Familiei noastre ii place
London. land an] sa viziteze Londra.
lgi
My friend is coming to me > [mal frend IZ kallllll lu 1111: - Prietenul meu vine la mine
tillS year. DIIS 11'1'] anul acesta.
[ live In the fourth house >['1111\ In IYa (c).'T' haus - Locuiesc in a patra casa
in this street. IIJ O/IS stn:t] de pe aceasta strada.
Look at 11lS right foot! > [luk Et hlz rait fut] - Uita-te la piciorullui drept!
Do you hke music? > [dull! la/k miu zik] - Iti place muzica?
intI-una din propozltiile anterioare ati intalnit expresia:
011 the rad 10 I

~ (JI) I Vd I "f(!I.1I11 -la radio
Acum, cOl11pletati propozitIle in limba engJeza. Folositi filtrul ro~u:
Este/Exlsta un radio in aceasta fabrica? - Is there a >radio in this factory?
Nu cunoa~tem aceasta familie. - We don't know this >family.
Vad un cal pe fereastra. - I see a >horse through the window.
Te doare piciorul? - Does your >foot hurt?
La anul merg la ~eoala. - I'm going to school in a >yeal.
Tigarile lor sunt pe birou. - Their >CIg~\l cttes arc on the desk.
Lui ii place sa mearga cu trenul ~i cu vaporul. - He likes to go by train and by >sIll 11 .
El este eel de-al patrulea frate al meu. - I-J e is my >1 (JlIII h brother.
Mamei tale ii place muziea? - Does your mother like >music?
Prietenul meu nu are surori. - My >Ji"iend has no sisters.
Imi place mult aeest eantec. - I love this >song.
2
Oupa cum ati observat, inamtea substantivulUi music (muzica) nu se
pune nici un fel de articol.
Urmariti cu atentie felul in care este folosit cuvantul of in urmatoarele expresii:
a cup of coffee > [,1 kilp <IV kofl] - a cea~ca de cafea
a lot of cars > I a lot av ka:'z] - a mu1time de ma~ini
a piece of paper > [a pl.S ilV peipa'] - a bucata de hartie
some of my friends > l sam a V mal frendz] - cativa prieteni de-ai mei
lata cuvintele noi din expresiile de mai sus:
cup > [kap] - cea~ca
coffee > [koti] - cafea
a lot of >[alotav] - a multime de, foarte mult,

foarte multi
pIece > [pJ:S] - bucata
paper > [pelpa'] - hartie
('111'(/11111/ of ('.I'll' /oIO.l'ill)('1I11'1I iI nj!l'Il1/iI IJO.l'(',\iil (ceva/cineva aparline cuiva). f)(' iI,\'('/I11'Il1'il, pul1'/n
exprill/il ,,\'i ('illIllIl//('1/ ('II illlllol'lIlll1l (If f)(' (,H'II/IJlII:
a cup of coffee () cca~ca de ca rea

(dill toata cantitatea de cafea)
Of poate fi intiilnit ii in expresia de mailos:
some of - catva, cativa, ni~te, ceva
lata denumirea catorva alimente in limba engleza:
tea > [tl ] - ceal
beer > [hJa'J - bere
water '> 1"0 "I'I - apa
sugar . . . I \llll:,1 I - zahar
pm > I dll III1 - gem, dulceata
honey >111.11111 - miere (de albine)
cheese > I hi /1 - ca~caval, branza
bread > l hledl - paine
butter >lbaUJ - unt

Sa exersarn aeeste euvmte. Tractueep in Illnba engleza:
eafea ~i eeai > cotfe and tea
paine ~i unt (piiine eu unt) > ,bread and buller
ca~cavaI ~i dulceata > cheese and jam
bere ~i apa > beer and water
zahar ~i rniere > sugar and honey
1"'_~
Cuvintele de mai sus sunl slIhslanlive carl' IlU au plural. Existii ~i in limba romdnii asemenea sub-
stantive: de exemp/u, za//(11: j'aso/I', SI'II', l11iere Aceastti categorie cuprinde - printre altele-
substantivele care denul11esc materia; de exemplu:
1. lichide, de exemplu: coffee, tea, water, beer, milk

2. substante solidI', de exemplu: sugar, coffee
3. gaze, de exemplu: air [ea' ]- aer
4. produse ca: bread, cheese etc.
Nu uitati ca inaintea aeestor substantive nu folosim artieolul nehotarat

"a/an". SubstantivuI "money" faee parte tot din aeeasta grupa.
(Atentie! Denurnirea monedei (exemplu: "dolar", "leu") are plural.
Sa folosim in propozitii substantivele rara plural. Tradueeti in limba engleza:
Vreau sa am a rnultime de bani. > I want tu have a lot of money,
Vrei eafea? > Do you want coffee?
Vrei sa manallei paine eu dulceata? > Do you want to eat bread WIth jam')
4
Baiatul acela manfmca piiine cu miere. > Th~lt bo') IS eatll1g bread wIth honey.
Banii mei sunt pe mas~l. > My money lS on the table.
Pentru expril11area cantitiitii folosil11 urnuitoarele douii cuvinte:
many > [menll - multi, multe, numero~i,

numeroase (se folose~te doar cu
substantIvele care au plural)
much - mult, multa (se folose~te cu

substantivele care nu au plural)
Sa vedem ciiteva exemple:
She has many cars. > [SI hL/ mcnJ ka 'z] - Ea are multe ma~ini.
1 haven't much money. > [al hE\ nt llldt 0 mal1l] - Nu am multi bani.
lntrebiirile referitoare la cantitate in limba englezii sunt:
How many? > [hau mel1l] - cati? cate? (in cazul substantivelor
care au plural)
How much? >[haumats] - cati? ciite? (in cazul substantivelor

care nu au plural)
DL: L:xL:nlplu:
How many people > 111.\1\ I\}\"\I' I" I" . Ciiti oameni cuno~ti?
do you know? till III 1],111\
How much sugar > [hall mats suga' - Ciit zahar vrei?
do you want? du Ill: "ont]
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ea are multe carti engleze~ti. - She has >many English books.
Nu am mult ceai. - I haven't >mLlch tea.
Ciita piiine vreti sa miincati? - >How much bread do you want to eat?
Ciita bere vor sa aduca? - >How much beer do they want to bring?
Avem multi prieteni. - We have >m.lIly friends.
Ciit ceai vrei? - >How llluch tea do you want?
Cite ce~ti de ceai vrea sora dumneavoastra? - >How many cups of tea does your
sister want?
Cate bucati de ca~caval sunt - >HO\\ many pieces of cheese are

pe farfurie? on the plate?
Expresla a lot of po ate fi folosita atiit cu substantivele care au plural, cat
~i cu cele care nu au plural.
Sa invatam cateva cuvinte noi:
cheap >[t~I:p] - ieftin
expensIve > [Ikspenslv J - scump, costisitor
together > [tageOZa'] - impreuna
a little >[alitl] - putin, catva, ceva (cu substantive

care nu au plural)
dog >Idog] - caine
more than >lllw I IVI'Il[ - mai mult/mai muM decat, mai

mulWmai multe decat
because >[blkozj - pentru ca, fiindca, deoarece
less than > [les OlEn] - mai putin deciit, mai putin de
around > [al allnd] - in jurul, prin apropiere
fast >[fa:st] - repede, iute, rapid
what about >["ot abaut] - ce ar fi sa",? cum starn cu.. ,?

, ?
ce mal e cu ''
easy >1 i /11 - u~or, simplu
to buy ,>1111 h.lll - a cumpara, a face cumparaturi
Iar acum sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozi(ii, Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
The chairs are around >[Dla t~ea'z a:' arallnd - Scaunele sunt in jurul mesei.
the table, DZa te/bl]
These ships are fast >[OZI:Z ~IPS a:' fa:st] - Aceste vapoare sunt rapide.
English is easy, >[in(g)gli~ IZ i.zi] - Engleza este u~oara.
I have more cars than you. >[al hEy mo.' ka:'z OZEl1/lL] - Am mai multe ma~ini decal tine.
Buy me this bicycle I >[bal mi: OilS baislklJ - Cumpara-mi aceasta bicicleta!
It's cheap. >(1\:' t~1 pJ - Este ieftin.
I'm not buying this house, >1;\lIllIlI>t h,I/IIl''') 1)'1\ 11.ltlS - Nu cumpar aceasta casa,
because it's expensive. blko/ II~ Ibl'(,II\I\' I deoarece este scumpa.
He has less money than >[hl' h[z k~ III all I [YEn - El are mai putini bani decat
his brother. hiz bl aD!;j' J fratele sau.
6
Give me a little beer, please. >[gIV 1m: a litl b1a' plI:z] - Va rag, dati-mi putina bere.
What about Mary? >["ot abaut meari] - Ce mai face Mary?
Do you love your dog? > [du IU lay io:' dog] - Va iubiti cainele?
Are we going there >[a.'"1. gauJl1(g) OZea' - Mergem impreuna acolo?

together? tagerYa']
Refinefi deosebirile dintre expresiiIe de mai jos. Ambele suntfolosite cu suhstantive care nu au plural.
a little - putin, catva, ceva
little - mic, putin
De exemplu:
I have a little money. - Am ceva bani.
I have little money. - Am putini bani.
Cuvantul little poate ji folosit ii ca adjectiv, ii atunci se traduce prin: mic, infim . In acest caz,
fnaintea lui poate sta ii un articol; de exemplu:
She has a little dog. - Ea are un caine mic.
Comrletati rrorozitiile in lirnba engleza cu cuvintele noi:
AI11 doi cill1li ~i Ii iuhl:sc. I have two ><1",,,, and] love them.
Prima ma~ina este iertina, a dona The first ear is >1'111'.11) and the second
este scumpa. IS -T\lll'II';IVl·.
Peste 0 saptamana mergem impreuna in - In a week we are going to England

Anglia. >together.
"Peter has less money than Mary."

7
Am mai putina bere decat Peter. - I have >kss beer than Peter.
Este u~or sa scrii? - Is it >easy to write?
Vreau sa mananc putina paine. - I want to eat >;) lIttle bread.
Vreti mai multi bani? - Do you want >11101 c money?
El se plimba in jurul acestei cladiri. - He is walking >around this building.
Merge intotdeauna repede? - Does he always walk >fast?
Cu mine cum ramane? - >What about me?
to sit > [tll SIt] - a se a~eza, a ~edea
to smoke > [tu sm3uk] - afuma
to worry > [tu"ori] - a se nelini~ti, a se ingrijora,

a-~i face griji
to sing - a canta
$i acum sa introducem verbele noi in propozitii. Cititi cu voce tare:
Where do you want to sit? > I ",.,,' till III "0111 III ',(11 ~ Unde vrei sa stai?
How many cigarettes do you ~> 111,1111111'111 '.1".11 ('I'· till III - Cate tigari fumezil
smoke every day'! "II. II iI. (' \I I (lc-rl fumati zilnic?
Mother always worries about > 11l1a1Y~I' O:I" CIZ " onz aballt - Mama se ingrijoreaza intotdeauna
her daughters. ha.' do:t<.l'z] pentm fiicele sale.
She is singing a nice > [~i: iz sin(glin(g) a DaIS - Acum ea canta 0 melodie
song on the radio now. son(gl on DZa reidiau nau] placuta la radio.
Incercati sa traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ea fumeaza mai mult decat tatal ei. - She smokes !11ore t h:lIl hel Lithe!.
Nu-ti face griji!/Nu va faceti griji! - DOll'1 \\'0111' I
El vrea sa cante 0 melodie u~oara. - I Ie \\:ln1s to Slllg all C<.lSY song.
Vrem sa ne a~ezam aici. - We want to sit hele.
8
far acum vom Inviirajolosirea genitivului cu apostroj 's, (the Saxon Genitive l [Y<\ s~<:k s 111 dJenitiv n.
Se joloseite de obieei pentru persoane.
1. La singular:
Genitivul se jormeazii punand Injarii posesorul urmat de un apostrof ii litera s. Apoi urmeazii
obieetul posedat:
Ma~ina Mariei. - Mary's car
Tatal Mariei. - Mary's father
2. La plural:
Daeii substantivul este la plural ii se terminii eu litera s atund se adaugii doar un apostrof:
ma~ina fratilor mei - my brothers' car
Dadi substantivul aflat la pluralnu se terminii In -s atul1ci se adaugd atat apostroful cat Ifi
litera s:
casa acestor oameni - these people's house > [ozl:Z pi.plz ballS]
De exemplu:
My mother's brother has a nice car. - Fratele mamei mele are 0 ma~ina frumoasa.
Where is your father's office? - Unde este biroul tatalui tau?
This is Illy li'iends' house. Aeeasta estc casa prietenilor mei.
Do you like Mary's dog? 1\1 place eflinclc Marici?
Do you know our driver's sister? - a cuno~ti pc sora ~oferului nostru?

Their brother's bicycle is very good. - Bicicleta fratelui lor este foarte buna.
I always take my friend's son - lntotdeauna il iau cu mine pe fiul

with me. prietenului meu.
Our family's friends are young. - Prietenii familiei noastre sunt tineri.
Prietenul fratelui sau este ~i prietenul meu. • - >H IS hi othCI',,; 1'1 lend is also my friend.
Cartea acestei fete este pe masa. - >TllIS ~lrl's book is on the table.
Vad casa surorii mele. - I see >my slster's house.
Vrei sa ma duci la apartamentul - Do you want to take me to >your brother's

fratelui tau? apartment?
Cine vrea sa vada birourile tatalui nostru? - Who wants to see >our father's of1]ces?
9
Dacii substantivul (posesorul) nu denume~te 0 jiin!ii, atuncl se folose~te cuvantul of pentru exprimarea
gemtivului:
the window of this room > [DZa L1indau av DZ1S ru m] - fereastra acestei camere
Pentru jiin!e, se pot folosi ambele construc!ii, cu acela~i in!eles:
my father's room = the room of my father
my friends' car = the car of my friends
in limba englezil, genitivul cu apostrof este mal des falosit.
In exercitiul urmator, transformati genitivul cu apostrof in genitivul format cu prepozitia of. Daca
transformarea nu este posibila, repetati propozltia originala:
my brother's daughter > thc daughter of my brother
a cup of coffee > a cup of coffee
my father's book > the book of my father
the house of Mary > Mary's house
the bicycle of my brother > my brother's blcycle
my son's room > the room of my SOI1
a month of the year > a month of the year
the rooms of the house > the lOoms of the house
the mouth of" the horse > tllc hOI ~c'~ 1l1Oulh
two pieces of bread
their friend's sister > thl' ~Istcl of thclI fllcnds
$i acum sii invii!iim un nou verb: can [kEn] - a putea, a fi capabil, a ~ti.
Acest verb face parte din grupa verbelor modale, ceea ce inseamnii cii forma lui este ldentlcii la
toate persoanele, iar verbul care-l urmeazii I1U are particula to.
I can drive a car. > [al kEn dralv aka:'] - ~tiu sa conduc
(0 ma~il1a).
She can give you this book. > [~I' kLn glv IU. IYls hukl - Ea poate sa-ti dea aceasta carte.
My brother's friend > [mal bralYa'; IIL'IH! - Prietenul fratelui meu

can sing this song. kEn SIl1'SI lYls SO\1(' IJ poate sa cante acest cantec.
They can sit on these > [OZel kEn Sit on IYJ.z - Ei pot sa stea pe aceste
chairs. t$ea' z] scaune.
10
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii:
Pot sa mananc zece mere. > I c:ln C:l( ten apples.
Sora mamei mele ~tie sa vorbeasca engleze~te. > My mother's sister can speak EIlg:II~1J
Ei pot sa plateasca biletele noastre. > They c:ln pay for our tickets.
Putem sa fumam in aceasta camera. > \Ve cfln ~Ill()kc III this room.
Poti sa vorbe~ti cu noi despre asta. > You can t:llk with us about It.
Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii verbului can :ji a subiectuilli; de exemplu:
I can sing. Can I sing? - Pot sa dint?
Her sister can drive. Can her sister drive? - Sora ei ~tie sa canduca?
We can take the car. Can we take the car? - Putem sa luam ma~ina?
They can go for a walk. Can they go for a walk? - Ei pot sa mearga la plimbare?
His friends can Can his friends - Prietenii lui ~tiu

speak English. speak English? sa vorbeasca engleze~te?
Traduceti prapazitiile urmataare in limba engleza:
Pot sa vina (ci) aici dupa-aillia/a'? > (',111 Iii, Y ,'''JIll' h,'ll' '" III,' ,ilil'In"OIl')
. ( ,III I 1.11 " illl'. I"" ,L '.
Fratclc dUI11JIl::lvoaslra ~lic

sa varbeasca engleze~te?
Fiullui ~tie sa cante? > Can his son sing?
Rdspunsllrile seurte se jormeaza eu ajutorul pronumele personal :ji a verbului can, in rdspunsuri
negative verblll can este urmat de euvGntul not, iar forma preseurtatd este can't[ ka:nt], Retineti cd
se pot serie:ji fmpreuna: cannot [kEnat],
Cititi urmataarele raspunsuri scurte in limba engleza:
Can your daughter sing? > [kEn 10:' do:ta' sm(~i] - Fiica ta ~tie sa cante?
Yes, she can. > [Ies ~i: kEn] - Da.
No, she can't. >[nall ~i: ka.nt] - Nu,
Can you drive? > [kEn IU: draiv] - $titi sa conduceti?
Yes, I can. >[lesalkEn] - Da.
No, I can't. >[nall al ka:nt] - Nu.
l!
Forma negativii cannot sau can't se folose$te $i In alte tipuri de enunturi:
I can't sing. > l al ka:nt sn/ SI ] - Nu pot sa dint.
She cannot open the door. > [~i: kEno! aupan DZa do:'] - Ea nu poate deschide u~a.
~i acum sa exersam ce am invatat pana acum. Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
Pot sa te vizitez maine. > I can \'IS1t you tomorrow.
Ea nu poate manca aceasta branza. > She can't eat this cheese.
Pot sa fumez in aceasta camera? > Can l s1110ke 111 this room')
Poti sa-l a~tepti. > l:Ol! Celn walt for hl111.
Pot sa-mi arate casa lor? > (";IIJ tlln "how me their house')
Tatallui nu poate vorbi acum cu dumneavoastra. > I liS fathcI celn't talk wIth you now.
Putem sa scriem aceasta pentru tine. > We can v. rite It for Y0l!.
intrebiirileformulate cu verbul can pot Incepe $i cu prol1ume interogative; $i In acest caz se inverseaza
ordinea, de exemplu:
Where can I see these books? - Unde pot vedea aceste carti?
Who can read this letter? - Cine poate citi aceasta scrisoare?
When can she come to us? - Cand poate veni ea la noi?
Who can't go there? - Cine nu poate sa mearga acolo?
Sa exersam interogativul cu verbul can. Traduceti in Ill1lba cngleza:
La ce ora poate sa vina? ;> \\' kit tlmc can he come'?
Ciind pot sa iau aceste scrisori? > When can 1 take these letters?
Unde putcm sa va a~!cptam? > Where can we wait for you?
Cine ~tie sa din!c'! > Who can Sl11g')
Cine nu ~tie romane~tc'! > Who can't speak Romanian?
IaNi ultimele cuvinte noi din aceastii parte a lectiei. Cititi-le cu atentie:
better > [beta'] - mai bun, mai bine
the best > [DZa best] - eel mai bun, eel mai bine
why > ["ai] - de ce? pentru ce? din ce cauza?
which > ["it~] - care, pe care, ce

whose > [hu:z] - ai, a, ai, ale cui carui Icarei Icaror
how > [hau] - cum?, in ce fel?
12
Urmari\i felul in care se folosesc aceste cuvinte in propozi\ii:
'.
Which car is better? > l "I\~ ka I IZ beta l ] - Care ma~ina este mai buna?
How can I write > [h.lll L1:11 al ralt - Cum pot sa scriu
this letter? IYI" Ieul i l aceasta scrisoare?
Why are you worrying? > l ":11 :1 ' III "orill1'~I] - De ce te ingrijorezi?
You are my best friend. > [Ill cl I Illdl best ftend] - E~ti prietenul meu eel mai bun.
This plane is the best. > [IYI" plt:t'l I;' DZa best] - Acest avion este cel mai bun.
Whose is this bicycle? > [hu / 1/ :/1:; b21lslkl] - A cui este aceasta bicicleta?
Al cui stilou este acesta? - >Whose pen is this?
Aceasta carte este cea mai buna. - This book is >the best.
Care scaun este mai bun? - >Vvhlch chair is better?
De ce nu poti manca asta? - >Why can't you eat this?
Nu ~tiu cum sa scriu asta. - I don't know >how to write it.
Am ;\.iIlIlS la recapitularca materiL:i din accastfl parte a lectiei.

I'ra<lucqi ill limba L:llglcza:
Ale cui cantece Ie can(a ei acum'!
De ce nu poti merge acolo cu vaporul? - \\' hy Glll't you go there by ship'!

•
Peste trei ani voi cumpara 0 ma~ina. - In three years I'm buying a car.
Cilta paine cu unt poti manca? - How much bread and butter can you eat?
Care carte pot sa a iau? (Ce carte pot sa iau?) - Which book can I take?
Cali caini are sora prietenului tau? - How many dogs has your friend's sister?
Cat zahar donli? - How much ~lI~al <10 you wanP
Nu pot fuma aici, deoarece fratelui lui Mary - I C\11 I :'11l0kc hcre, because Mary's brother
nu-i place. dOL'SII'1 IlkL: It.
Dati-mi doua ce~ti de cafea. -- ( ; I \ (' me (wo cups of coffee.
Am bani putini. - i Ild\'C a little money.
Avem putina branza. - \Ve have little cheese.
Putem merge acolo impreuna? - Can we go there together?
Ferestrele acestei camere sunt mario - The windows of thIS room are bIg.
LECTIA
, 7 - PARTEA A DOVA
Urmeaza alte ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare:
poor > [plla'] [po:'] - sarac, sarman, biet
rich > [rit~] - bogat
cat > [kEt] - pI sIca
tonight > [lanail] - diseara, asta seara,

in noaptea asta
to drink > I III drin(glkJ - a bea
summer > [sama'l - vara
park > [pa:'k] - parc
tree > [tri:] - copac, arbore, pom
apple > [Epl] - mar
lata ace1ea~i cuvinte, intr-o alta ordine:
cat > [kEI] -. plslca
summer > Isandl - vara
apple 11<[111 - mar
poor > [pLdJ [po:'] - sarac, sarman, biet
tonight > [lanait] - diseara, asta seara,

in noaptea asta
park > [pa:'k] - parc
rich > [rit~] - bogat
to drink > (tLi dr1l1(glk] - a bea
tree > [tri:] - copac, arbore, pom
14
..
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozltii:
Her mother's brother is > [ha ' ma D"{\I Z braDza' II - Fratele mamei ei este
a poor man. a po' mEn] un om sarac.
That rich woman has > [IYFt Ilt~ "l.IIman hEz - Femeia aceea bogata are
three houses. T'11 !l,lL1ZIZ] trei case.
Can we go to the park? > [kLIl "l. gau tu DZa pa:'k] - Putem merge in parc?
I want to have many trees >la'"ollt tll hEv meni tri:z - Vreau sa am multi copaci
in my garden. 11l mal ga:'dn] in gradina.
I can't drink beer tonight. > [:Ij b nt drin(g)k bia' tanait] - Nu pot sa beau bere diseara.
.8
I like to eat apples in summer. > [al talk tll i:t Eplz in samal] - Lmi place sa mananc mere vara.
What do cats like to drink? - Ce Ie place pisicilor sa bea?
Retineti expresia: in summer - vara
COl11pletati propozitiile in limba engleza; folositi filtrul ro~u:
Ei vin la noi diseara. - They are coming to us >tonight.
Vrcti sa fiti boga!'> - Do you want to be >rich?
Aceasta sannan{\ pisica nu are casa. - This >poor cat has no home.
Ea de ce paate bea bere ~i eu nu? - Why can she >drIllk beer, and I can't?
Vara mergem des in pare. - In >SLlI11l11Cr we often go to the >park.
Aceste mere sunt scumpe. - These >apples are expensive.
Lmi place sa privesc copacii. - I like to look at >trees.
Adverbul never [neva'] fnseamnii - niciodata, nicicand.

In limba englezii acesta este un adverb de nega!ie, de aceea, aliituri de el nu poate fi folositii nici 0
alia negatie in propozi!ie.
I never drink beer. -- Eu nu beau niciodata bere.
She never goes to work > 1';1 Ill'\ ,I' !'dll/ III ",I 'k - Ea nu merge niciodata la lucru
in the morning. 111 1)',11110 '11111""1 dimineata.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii folosind adverbul never - niciodata:
Ei nu pot niciodata sa conduca 0 ma~ina. > They can never drive a car.
Eu nu rna plimb niciodata in parcul acela. > I never go for a walk to that park.
Eu nu cant nieiodata cantece. > I never sing songs.
Ei nu eumpara niciodata branza. > They never buy cheese.
lata cateva adjective noi:
tall > [to.l] - inalt, marc
short > [W't] - scurt, scund
large > [la:'dJ] - mare, spatios, larg
big > [big] - mare, volummos
great > [grett] - mare, maret, remarcabil
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Nu intru niciodata in cladirile inalte. - I never enter> tall buildings.
Ei cauta 0 casa spatioasa. - They are looking for a > large house.
Tu e~ti un prieten remarcabil. - You are a > gleatfriend.
Prive~te aceasta cladire mare! - Look at this> big building!
Scrisoarea ei este scurta. - Her letter is > short
Sa invatam cateva verbe noi:
to forget > [til forget] - a uita, a nu-~i aminti
to stop > [tu stop] - a opri, a inceta, a Intrerupe
to listen (to) > [tu lisn] - a asculta, a fi atent (la)
Sa folosim aceste verbe in propozitii:
I always forget to write > [al o'j"elz forget III 1;111 I ntotdeauna uit sa-i seriu
a letter to her. a leta' III ha ' I (ci) () serisoare.
We often stop near this shop. > I"! 0111 slop 111.1' I) 1'0 ',oil I Ne oprim des langa acest magazin.
1
Listen! Pink Floyd > III ,II 1'111 "'1. 110/.1 Asculta! Canta Pink Floyd.
are singing. ,I I ,j J ) I 'I J II ( 'J J
I like to listen to the radio ~ I ,1/1.111 III li',11 III I) ,I 1l'ldl,1I1 - Seara imi place sa aseult
in the evening. III 1)'1 i \ lIlli' II radioul.
Refinefif Verbul to stop are dOUG infelesuri: a se opri pcntru a face ceva, sau a inceta sa faca ceva.
She wants to stop to smoke. - Ea vrea sa se opreasca ca sa fumeze.
She wants to stop smoking. -- Ea vrea sa se lase de fumat.
Atunci cand verbul to stop inseamna a inceta, el este urmat de un verb

eu terminatia -ing rara particula to. Daca to stop insearnna a se opri,
atunei verbul eare-l urmeaza este insotit de particula to ~i nu are terminatia
-ing.
16
Vreau sa ascult melodiile acestea acum. > 1 W~lJ11 (0 Ilsten to these songs now.
Nu uitati ca pot s-o seriu > Don'( I'orgct I can WrIte It

pentru dumneavoastra. for yOLi.
Ma opresc intotdeauna aiei ca sa privese > 1 ah\ay' .',1'111 11CIC to look at

aceasta clad ire. thlS bLlIlcllll!;
Nu mai vreau sa merg eu autobuzul, ci > I want to slop gOIII;' h~ hLis

vreau sa eumpar 0 ma~ina. and buy a cm.
lata aite euvinte noi. Repetati-Ie:
without >1 "iI Valli I - lara, lipsit de
something > [,ami 'Ill("'] - ceva
too > l tLl:] - prea, foarte
ever > [eva'] - vreodata, candva
forever > [foreva'] - pentru totdeauna, mereu, ve~nie
between > [blt"i:n] - intre (doua obiecte), dintre
or > I (, 'I - sau, Of)
good night / I "1111 (Lltil - no(\ptc bUlla
Exersati euvintele noi intr-o ordine diferita:
or > [0:'] - sau, on
without > ["iD"aLlt] - lara, lipsit de
too > [tLl.] - prea, foarte
forever > [fore\a'] - pentru totdeauna, mereu, ve~nic
good night > [gud 1l~111] - noapte buna
something > [salll'l'IIlI~JJ - eeva
between > [bit"ll,n] - intre (doua obieete, persoane),

dintre
Sa folosim acum aceste cuvinte in propozitii. Cltitl cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntia corecta:
My office is between this > [mal ofis IZ bltllj n DZ1S - Biroul meu este intre aceasta
building and the restaurant. biJdm lsl End DZa rest{lrantJ cladire ~i restaurant.
We can't buy this car > [lit. ka.nt bal DZIS ka:' - Nu putem cumpara aceasta
because it's too expensIve. blkoz Its tu lkspenslv] ma~ina deoarece este prea scwnpa.
I can't work without > [al ka:nt lI a .'k lI l D Z aut - Nu pot Iucra lara
musIC, I11IU.ZJk] muzica.
I want to talk with you > [al "ont tu to.k "IDZ Ill: - Vreau sa vorbesc cu tine
about something. abaut sam Pm lg )] despre ceva.
I can't wait forever! > [a1 ka nl lI ef t forev3'] - N u pot a~tepta ve~nic (0 ve~nicie)!
Good night l ['m going > [gud nail ann gaulll 1S1 - Noapte buna! Merg acasa.
home. haum]
Does he ever read books? > [daz hi: eva' n.d buks] - EI cite~te vreodata carti?
Do you want tea or coffee? > [du IU: "ont tl: 0:' kofI] - Vrei ceai sau cafea?
Completatl in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
EI este prea sarac ca sa zboare cu avionul. - He is >too poor to fly by plane.
FrateJ.e meu sUi intre aceste doua fete. ~ My brother IS sitting >hl:lwccn these two girls.
Au sa-(I arale el:va They have . ",'1I11l'l11111~' to show you.
Noaptc buna!
o gradina lara capac I nu este fi·umoasa. A garden >wlthout trees isn't nice.
Vreau sa cumpar cartea aceasta sau aceea. - I want to buy this >01' that book.
Ellucreaza vreodata acasa? - Does he >ever work at home?
Nu pot sa-l caut mereu. - 1 can't look for it >forever.
Unneaza un exercitiu de recapitulare. Traduce1i in limba engleza:
Fratele prietenului meu poate sa cante > My Jllcnd's brother can sing
aceste cantece. thcse songs
Ea vrea sa-mi arate calul ei. > :::;!lc wants to show me her horse.
Da-mi doua ce~ti de cafea ~i putina paine. > ('Ive me two cups of coffee and a lIttle bread.
Aceasta este cea mai buna muzica. > ThiS IS the best musIc.
18
Pot (ei) sa scrie scrisori lungi? > Can they write long letters')
De ce nu poti veni diseara? >\Vhy can't you come t011lght'1
Ciiti bani poti sa-mi dai? > How much money can you gJve IllC')
Dati-mi cinci felii de paine. >Glvc Illl' fIve slIces of bread.
Ea are multe ma~ini, dar prea pu\ini bani. >She ]);1' Illdll'y (',11\ but too little money
EI sta intotdeauna pe scaunu] acela. >He ahva\', 'Ih (lIl [hat chair.
Vreau sa rna las de fumat. >1 want to ,lop 'IIII)"JI]!!
Sunt ingrijorat pentru fiul surorii mcle. >1'm worried abolll Illy \1,tCI"S son.
Acestea sunt caseIe prictcnilor lui'! > Are these hIS ti JCll( I,' 11< II I'C")
Camerele acestei case SUlIl l11icl >The rooms of thIs IWlI'L' ,IIC Iiltlc.
Nu pot sa scriu asl~l, dar pol sa Inccrc. > 1 can't wnte it bUll can II y
Cred ca acest pare esle JIlai bUll. > 1 think thIS park is bettel.
Un am bogat poalL' lll(elcgc un am sarac? >Can a rich man understand a poor 111<1 n 'l
Discara I1lcl"l:"cI1l 1'1 John. > Tonight we are going to John.
Po\i velli la lloi vara? > Call you come to us 111 summer')
Diminca(a nu mananc nlciodala Illiere. > I nevcl C~lt honcy 111 the moming.
Ea a viziteaza vrcodata pe mama sa? > ])oe, shc evel \ IS/I hel mother?
Nu poti sa uiti asta. > You can '( fOigel about it.
Aceasta camera mare este a mea. >This large room IS mme.
Ciind lucrez, imi place sa ascult muzica. > 1 like to listen to music when 1 work.
Vreau sa caut ceva. > I want to look for something.
In incheierea leetiei, va propunem un exercitiu de pronuntie:
II ~l J I0 I I II lauJ [E]
hear talk rich know cat
near walk sit show can
daughter listen open
fish
kitchen
1l)
, 7
7.1. Cuvantul of se folose~te pentru expnmarea posesiei (a, ai, ai, ale cui). In limba engleza
putem exprima cu aceasta structura atat cantitatea, cat ~i proportia (cat din ceva):
a cup of coffee - 0 cea~ca de cafea
7.2. Substantivele care nu au plural ~l denumesc materia (Ii chide, solide sau gaze).
7.2.1. Inaintea substantivelor care nu au plural nu folosim articolul nehotarat a/an:

Do you like cheese? - iti place branza?
7.2.2. Aceste substantive nu se folosesc la plural: .

She eats a lot of bread. - Ea mananca multa paine.
7.2.3. Aceste substantive apar intotdeauna la persoana a treia singular:

Honey is good. - Mierea este buna.
7.3. Many/much:
7.3.1. Cuvantul many inseamna un mare numar de, multi/multe, numero~i/ numeroase,
o multime de - se refera la substantivele care au ~i singular ~i plural:
many books - multe carti
Pronumele interogativ how many - inseamna cati?, dUe? - se folose~te in intrebarile

referitoare la 0 cantitate masurabila, exprimata de substantive care au ~i plural:
How many cars do you have? - Cate ma~ini aveti?
7.3.2. Cuvantul much - inseamna ~i mult sau multa; se folose~te cu substantive care
nu au plural:
much bread - multa paine
lar how milch arc semnlf"lca\ia de di!i'!, calc'! se relCr<t la 0 cantitate exprimata de
substantive J;tra pllllal'
Ilow much coffee do you want'! ('iita calCa vre\i?
7.4. Cuvintele a lot of ~i some relCritoare la cantita\i, se folosesc atat in cazul substantivelor
cu plural, cat ~j al celor Tara plural:
a lot of books - 0 multime de carti a lot of beer - multa bere
some books - cateva carti some beer - ni~te bere
7.5. Little inseamna putin, a little se traduce prin catva, ceva. Cand stau inaintea substantivelor
eu plural, little inseamna mic:
I have little money. - Am bani putini.
I have a little money. - Am ceva bani.
1 have a little dog. - Am un catelu~.
7.6. Genitivul cu apostrof 's
7.6.1. Genitivul 's se folose~te doar eu substantivele care desemneaza fiinte (oameni ~i
animale).
20
7.6.2. Singular:
Genitivul cu apostrof se formeaza prin adaugarea apostrofului dupa substantivul care
denume~te posesorul ~i a consoanei s. Apoi urmeaza obiectul posedat:
Mary's car - ma~ina Mariei

Mary's father - tatal Mariei
7.6.3. Plural:
I. Daca substantivul la plural are terminatia s, se adauga doar un apostrof dupa

accsta:
my brol hers' car - ma~ina fratilor mei
2. Daca snbstantivulla plural nu are terminatia s, atunci se adauga atat apostroful

cat~i terminatia s:
these people's house - casa acestor oameni
7.7. Daca suhslalllivnl lin (!l;sclIlllcaza fiin\e, atunci folosim cuvantul of pentm cxprimarea
genitivllllli:
ferestrelc acestci camere - the windows of this room
7.R. Verbul can - este un verb modal, care se traduce prin a putea, a fi in stare, a fi capabil, a ~ti:
7.8.1. Forma lui can este acea~i la toate persoanele, la singular ~i plural, iar verbul care-I
urmeaza nu are particula to.
7.8.2. Structura propozitiei:
I. Propozitia afirmativa:
He can drive. - El ~tie sa conduca.
2. Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarca ordinii:

Can he drive? - ~tie sa conduca?
3. Raspunsuri:
a) afirmativ: yes + pronume personal + can

Can he drive? Yes, he can. - Da.
b) negativ: no + pronume personal + cannot sau can't

Can he sing? No, he can't. -Nu.
7.8.3. Forma negativa can't se folose~te ~i in propozitii dezvoltate.
7.9. Cuvantul never este un adverb de negatie care nu poate fi folosit in propozitie impreuna cu
aite negatii:
I never drink beer. - Nu beau niciodata bere.
7.10. Verbul to stop are doua sensuri:
I. a inceta, a intrerupe -in acest caz, dupa el urmeaza un verb cu terminatia -ing:
I want to stop smoking. - Vreau sa ma las de fumat.
2. "a se opri" -in acest caz, dupa el urmeaza un verb la infinitiv:

I want to stop to smoke. - Vreau sa ma opresc ca sa fumez.
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 7
A. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitli in limba romana:
1. 1 want to drink two cups of tea and eat two slices of bread with Jam.
2. Give me some water to drink.
3. How much money do you want to give him?
4. My brother's friends are nice.
5. Who can sing that song?
6. I will never forget that day.
B. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In Iimba engleza:
1. De ce nu-I poti uita pe baiatul acela?
2. Ei nu merg niciodata Ia piata.
3. Fiii acestui ~ofer ~tiu sa conduca (ma~ina).
4. Cat zahar doriti?
5. Ferestrele acestei case sunt mario
6. Vreall sa Incclcz sa ma gfllldcsc la accst lllcrll.
C. Corecta\l grc:;;cll!c lim propOl:I\ll!c Urlllatoarc:
1. Car my father's is big.
2. I want to listen music.
3. How much books can you read every day?
4. Why can't he to go there with Mary?
5. Whose are these breads?
6. I don't never worry about my father.
22
LECTIA
, 8 PARTEA INTAI
Ca ~i pani\ acum, incepem leqia cu invatarea cuvintelor noi. Cititi-Ie ~i fiti

atenti la pronuntie:
east > [i:st] - rasarit, est
west > [Uest] - apus, vest
date > [delt] - data
winter > I "inta'] - iama
leg > [leg] - plclOr
shoe > I,ll I - pantof
barber > l ba:'ba'] - frizer, (barbier)
hair > [he,ll] - par
the sun > [D'3 san] - soarele
weather > [UeDZa'] - vreme
snow > [snau] - zapada
ram > [rein] - ploaie
to SIlOW > I III sn;llI] - a ninge
to rain .. jlllll'lIll a p!olla
lata acelea~i cuvinte in alta ordine:
the sun > [DZa san] - soarele
winter > [Uinta'] - iama
east > [i:st] - rasarit, est
shoe > [~u:] - pantof
barber > [ba:'ba'] - frizer, (barbieI')
to rain > [tu rein] - a ploua
leg > [leg] - plclOr
date > [deit] - data
snow > [snau] - zapada
hair > [hear] - par
to snow > [tusnall] - a nmge
weather > [UeD'a'] - vreme
ram > [rein] - ploaie
west > [Uest] - apus, vest

lar aCllm sa folosim aceste cllvinte In propozi~ii:
It usually snows in winter. > [it Ill.j llah snClLlZ in lIinta r ] - lama de obicei ninge.
I can't buy these > [ill ka:nt bal D/J'z - Nu pot cumpara ace~ti
expensive shoes, lkspensiv ~u:z] pantofi scumpi.
She has long legs, > [SJ: hEz jon(~' legz] - Ea are picioare lungi.
He is going from the west > [hI. IZ galll11(~1 from DZa lIest - El merge de la vest
to the east. tLi D7 j 1.st] la est.
Is the weather always nice > [IZ DZa "eDl a' o:llleiz nais - Vara vremea este intotdeauna
in summer? in sama'] frumoasa?
Do you know what date > [du iu: nall lIat delt - ~tii ce data este azi?
it is today? it lZ tadel]
Can you see the sun? > [kEn Ill: S1. Dla san] - Poti sa vezi soarele?
My hair is short. > [mal hea' IZ ~o:'t] - Parul meu este scurt.
I'm looking for my > [aim ]ukm(gl fa:' mai - Imi caut pantofii verzi.
green shoes. gn:n ~u z]
It's raining so we can't > [its reinll1(g) sau lIj: ka:nt - Pioua, deci ilU putem merge
go to the park. gall tu DZa pa: 1k] in pare.
He is a barber. > [hI: iz a ba· 11Ja'J - EI este frizer,
Retineti felul in care se jormeazd construcriile cu verbele to snow, to rain. Fiti atenti in specialla
jelul in care sejolose,l·te cuvcintul it:
It is raining. Plolla.
It is snowing. Ninge,
It often rains in summer. Yara ploua des.
It often snows in winter. - lama ninge des,
/ /
r I /, ,- -' " I
I 1/ / /
( /
I / I
1/
/ /
r
.f
1/ , /
/ / /
, I ,
/
,/ I
._(~~- i
i
)
/ . v' /,
, r
I
I,
',5')
/
.1/ ,.
'7':' I /
',)
/
/
/--../
'
1
1 /
<..! I I
I
/, "
I I
1:"- /
I I
"It is raining." "It is snowing."
24
Completati urmiHoarele propozitil In limba engleza; folositi filtrul ro~u:
Cumpara-mi ace~ti pantofi' - Buy me these >shoes!
Ce data este azi? - What >date is it today?
Ea are parullung. - She has long >haJr.
Acum nu vad soarele. - I don't see the >SUJ1 now.
Vreti sa traiti In Orientul Apropiat? - Do you want to live in the Near >East?
Azi avem vreme frumoasa. We have nice >weather today.
Poate sa ninga vara? - ('an it >\Il\lW in summer?
Frizerul crede ca paml meu este frUl11os. - The >1,;\1 her thinks my >bair is nice.
Nu vreau sa merg spre vest. - I don't want to go to the >Wl:st.
Acest caine are picioare scurte. - This dog has short> kgs.
Uneori ploua mult iama. - There is much >rain in >winter sometimes.
Acum, sa Invatam lunile anului:
January > 1til En/u,m] - lanuane

February >11l'11I11;11'1 -.- februarie
March ·1,11., '1.1 Ilwrtit:

April I "I '"' I aprilil:
May '\11111\ 111al
June > I "Ill Il J - IUDle
July > l dJula/] - iulie
August > [o:gast] - august

September > [septemba'] - septembrie
October > [oktaubii'] - octombrie

November >[niiu'vcmba'] - noiembrie
December > [disemba' J - decembrie
In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu numele corespunzatoare ale lunilor
anului:
o vizitez intotdeauna in martie, - I always visit her in >March.
In iulie mergem in Anglia. - We go to England in >July.
Vrei sa mergi la ~coala in septembrie? - Do you want to go to school in >September?

In ianuarie ninge des. -It often snows in >January.
Aprilie este cea mai buna luna a anului. - >April is the best month of the year.
Nu te pot lua la Londra in maio - I can't take you to London in >May.
25
...
- We \Nant to 'emy tnis nouse i1\ >No\lem'ber.

I
Pot sa plec In Grecia, dar In iunie. -~ I can go to Greece, but in > June.
In decembrie, II vizitam Intotdeauna - In >Decemberwe always visit

pe prietenul fratelUi nostru. our brother's friend.
Nu-mi place luna august. - I don't lIke> August.
In februarie deschldem un magazin mare - In >February we are opening a big shop

pe aceasta strada. in this street.
Pot sa gasesc de lucru In octombrie. - I can get work in >October.
palUi aeum am invdtat cd in limba engleza pluralul substantivelor se formeaza prin addugarea
terminatiei -s sau -es. EXlSta insii !ji substantive eu plural neregulat. latd eateva exemple:
men > [men] - barbati
woman > [U uman ] - femeie
women > [Uimin] - femei
foot > [fut] - laba piciorului
feet > [fl.t] - picioare (labe)
Traduceti urmatoarele expresii:
patm barbati > I()III 1lll'1l
trei fcmci :- IIIIC'(' \\()IlIC'!l
doua plcioare > 1\\ II ILL!
Iar acum vom Invata cateva numcrale noi In limba engleza:
30 - thirty > [T'a:'ti]
40 - forty > [fo:'ti]
50 - fifty > [fifti]
60 - sixty > [sikstl]
70 - seventy > [scvntl]
80 - eighty > [Cltl]
90 - ninety > [nalllti]
100 - a hundred > [a handrid]
26
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarcle numcrale:
10-20-30 > tcn-twenty-thirty
60-40-50 > slxty-forty-fifty
90-100-80 > ninety-a hundrcd-eighty
70-30-50 > scventy-tlmty-flfty
lata ~i diteva numeralc COIl1j1usc:
61 sixty-one > [ siksti "an]
28 twenty-eight > [t"enti eit)
42 Corty-two > [fo:rti tu:)
97 .- ninety-scven > [nainti sevn]
lOS a hundred and five > [a handrid End faiv]
('Ilill ell alt'lIl,ll' ~I ell VOCl' I:lll' 1Ir111:llo:IIC!c 111 I 1lll'r:i1c:
99 . Illrwl\ Ill/ll
36 > Ihnly ;,,,
44 > forty-four
71 > seventy-onc
83 > eighty-three
172 > a hundred and seventy-two
III > a hundred and elcvcn
53 > Crlly II1lCl'
65 > SI:\ ty- CI VC
Dupii cum ali putut ob.l'l:'rva, in cazul numeralelor compuse, hundred este urmal de and, iar cifrele
de fa unu fa zece se leaga prin liniu{ii de cifrele care exprirnii zedle.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozi1ii:
August are treizeci ~i una de zile? > Has August thirty-one days?
Acest frizer este fratele prietenului meu. > This barber is my friend's brother.
Unor barbati Ie place parullung. > Some men like long hair.
Noi nu traim in vest, ci in est. > We don't live in the west, but in thc east.
Ninge des in decembrie? > Does It often snow in December')

Aceste femei au parul scurt. > This \NOmen have short hair.
Ce data este azi? > What date 10 today'.'
Soarele se arata rar in februarie. > The sun seldom shows 1Il February.
Trei luni au nouazeci ~i trei sau 0 suta > Are thlee l11onil-l s 11111ety-three or a hundred
de zile? days'l
Cite~ti multe carti? > Do you read mell1) books')
Sa inva~am cateva cuvinte. Cititl cu voce tare:
brown > lbIClUI,J - mara, cafeniu, brunet
black > [bIFk] - negru, neagra
else > reb] - mai, inca, alta
what else > ["ot .::1,] - altceva? (mai doriti ceva?)
almost > [0 [m,llIst] - aproape ca
difficult > [difikalt] - dificil, complicat
soon > [su.n] - curand
all > [o:IJ - tot, toata, to~i, toate, intreg
from time to time > [from ldlln tu t~1!11l] - dill cand in cand
yellow > 1/l'1.1I11 galben
Urmeaza aeelea~i cuvinlc, um Inll-o ordine uilcrila:
difficult > l dirlbltJ - dificil, complicat
yellow > [Iclau] - galben
brown > [braun] - mara, eafeniu, brunet
soon > [su:n] - curand
what else > ["at els] - alteeva? (mai doriti ceva?)
from time to time > [from talm tu talm] - din cand in cand
all > [0 I] - tot, toata, to~i, toate, intreg
else > [el s] - mai, inca, alta
almost > [o:lmaust] - aproape ca
blaek > [bIEk] - negru, neagra
28
Sa foJosim cuvintele noi in propozitii:
She has black shoes. >lSI hEz blEk 0U.Z] - Ea are pantofi negri.
Do you want this brown suit? >[du iu: "ont Df ls bl<lllJ1 Sli 11 - Vrei aeest costum cafeniu'?
From time to time we go > [fl om taim tu tall11 "I. ~:I\I - Din cand in cand ne plimbam
for a walk to that parle fo:' a "o:k tll D/Et pa.'k I in parcul acela.
She's f1ying to England >[~i:z filllm lS } tu in(g}gland - In curand, ea va merge in Anglia

soon. su:n] cu avionul.
What else do you want? >["ot els du iu: "ont] - Mai doriti ceva?
All people like apples. >[0:1 pi:pllalk IEplz] - Tuturor oamenilor Ie plac merele.
This is somctlllllg else. > [DZis iz samT'm(g) els] - Asta estc altceva.
Do you tllIllk yellow cars >[du iu: T'm(g)k ielau ka:'z - Crezi ca ma~inile galbene
are nlee'l I
a: nais] sunt frumoase?
This book IS 100 difficult >[DZIs buk iz tu: difikalt - Aceasta carte este prea dificiJa
to read. tu ri:d] pentru a fi citita,
AlnlOsl all women like > [o:]maust 0:1 "imin ]aik - Aproape tuturor femeilor Ie plac
tall Illel1. to:1 men] barbatii inalti.
TladllCC!1 urlllalO,lIclc propozi!ii In limba engleza:
in call1era IIlC,' cslc llll hirou ncgrll.
Iti place sa citqtl eaJ'\1 diricilc?
Pisieile sunt galbene sau mara?
Este aproape seara. > It' s a Imost even mg.
In curand vizitam (vom vizita) toate aeeste tari. > We are visitmg all these countries soon.
Este dificil de Inteles asta? > Is it dIfficult to understand it?
Ce alteeva mananca cainele tau? > What else does your dog eat?
Aproape ca Iml place de el. > I almost like him.
Vrei sa ici toate cartile? > Do you W,lI1t 10 take all the books?
Ce altceva pot sa beau? > W!J,11 L'lse c:ln I dnnk'i
Din cand In cand ascult muzica la radio. > I 10111 1liliC (0 tllne 1 lIsten to music
Oil llic I "dIU.
to put > l (u 1111

1 1 a pune, a a~eza, a pIasa
to do >[tudll I a face, a se ocupa cu
to cut > [tu k:lll a taia, a tuncle
to shine > [tu 0all11 a straluci, a lumina, a luci
29
Unneaza aeela~i verbe dar intr-o alta ordine:
to do >[tudu:] - a face, a se ocupa cu

to shine >[tu~am] - a straluci, a lumina
to cut > [tukat] - a taia, a tunde

to put > [tuput] - a pune, a a~eza, a pIasa
Va prezentam in continuare verbul to do - a face. Acest verb are -?i rot de auxiliar ce ajuta la
formarea timpului Simple Present, (propozi{ii interogative -?i negative).
Unnariti exemplele de mai jos:
What are you doing now? > [ll ot a:' ill. du:in{g) nau] - Ce faci acum?
What cio you do every :> du Ill: dll: eVrI
[lIO! - Ce fael in fiecare sambata?
Saturday? sE!a'del]
What else does she want > [lIO! el s daz ~r "ont - Ce altceva vrea ea sa mai faca?
to do? tll du:]
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii din limba engleza in care figureaza verbul "to do":
What do they usually do in the afternoon? > Ce fac el de obicel dupa-amiaza')
It doesn't snow in summer. > Vara nu nmge.
We don't like beer. > Nu ne place berea.
Does he want to do it tomorrow? > Vrea sa faca asta m211ne'7
Completa(i propozi(iile In IlInba cllgleza ClI vcrhele care lipsesc:
Nu vreau sa-mi f~le tcma azi. .. I dOll' t want to ><.!o my homework today.
Frizerul vrea sa rna tunda. .. The barber wants to >cut my hair.
Priviti! Straluce~te soarele! - Look! The sun is >shining!
Pune aceasta carte pe masa mea. - >Put this book on my table.
"The sun usually shines in July"

10
Sci vedem eliteva verbe a diror consoana finalii se dubleaza la adaugarea termina{iei -ing:
get - getting > [getin(gl]
sit - sitting > [sitll1(g)]
stop - stopping > [stopm(gl]
put - putting > [putin(gl]
cut - cutting > r kalll1(g)j
forget - forgetting > [ rorgetll1(g)]
Jata 0 reguhi ill1j)ol'li/nfd eu privire la adriugarea termina{iei verbului, Daeri ultima silaba a verbului
este aeeelllllllili ,~'i confine 0 vocalii seurta (scrisa cu 0 singurri litera) ~i 0 singura consoana, prin
adaugarl'a lermillllfici -ing, aeesta consoanri fin ala se dubleazri,
Sd VCl!I'11I cli/n ,1'1' aplica aeeastri regula:
stop > [stop] - cuvant format dintr-o singura silabii, de aceea, in mod
automat este aecentuata;
- la mijloc confine 0 vocalii scurta;
- fa sfiir~itul verbufui sta 0 singura consoana:
stop-stopping.
ACCi/.I'/(i I'cglllti J!0i/IC Ii l%.l'illi "I'i in ('azul verhelor formate din mai multe silabe:
forget > 11(!I)'l'll ClIlIII1I1 COI11J!II.1' dill doua silabe, a doua silabri este
accell tlli/ IIi:
- silahi/ i/CeCIlIIli/lli COli filiI' 0 voca/ii scurta;
- la sfar'~'itul wl'hlllui .1'1' alia 0 singura consoanri:
forget-forgetting.
Jar acum urmeazri un alt tip de verb:
keep >lkipJ - cuvant compus dintr-o singura silaba, silaba este

accentuata;
- fa sfiir~it se afla 0 singurri consoanii,'
- vocala este lungri;
- in acest caz ultima cOllsoana I1U se dubleaza:
keep-keeping.
Un alt exemplu:
work - silaba accentuata;

- fa mijloc are 0 vocalri scurta;
- la sfar~itul cuvantului existri doua consoane, care nu
permit dublarea consoanei: work-working.
$i iata inca un verb:
look > [Iuk] - silaba accentuata;

- la sfan;it eXlsta 0 singura consoanii, vocala scurta din
myloc se scrie cu ,,0" dublu. De aceea ultima cansoana
nu se dubleaza: look-looking.
~i acum, incercati sa adaugati verbelor tennmatia corecta. Completati unnatoarele propozitii in Innba
engleza:
Tatal meu se plimba acum in gradina. - My father is >walkmg in the garden now.
Ei tocmai taie copacii in parc. - They are just >cutting the trees m the park.
Prietenul meu tocmai opre~te ma~ina. - My friend is just >stopplng the car.
Acum imi caut pantofii galbeni. - 1 am >looking for my yellow shoes now.
Cine sta pe scaunul acela? - Who is >sltting on that chair?
Ea trimite scrisori la oficiul po~tal. - She is >sending letters to the post-office.
Ei viziteaza acum aceasta biserica mare. - They are >vislting this big church now.
Nu uiti ceva? - Aren't you >forgettmg something?
in continuare. sa invalam un alt verb modal, must [mast] - a trebui. Asemanator lui can iiforma lui
must este identica pentru toate persaanele. iar verbul care-l urmeaza nu are particula to.
lata cum sc loJosc~tc in propozi\ii:
1 must cut my hair. > I,ll 11101'1 k,11 111.11 "L'cI' I - Trebuie sa rna tund.
She must forget about him. > l:)1 mels! iOlget abaut han] - Ea trebuie sa-I uite.
They must think about > [DZez mast f'mlg1k sbaut - Ei trebuie sa se gandeasca
their baby. D/ez' belbJ] la copilullor.
lnterogativul se formeaza prin inversarea verbului must cu subiectul:
Mary must go to school. Must Mary go to school? - Mary trebuie sa mearga la ~coala?
My father must buy a car. Must my father buy a car? - Tatal meu trebuie sa cumpere
o ma~ina?
She must read this book. What must she read? - Ce trebuie ea sa citeasca?
32
Iar aeum sa verifieam notiunile invatate. Tradueeti in Jimba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
Maine trebuie sa mergi la lueru. > You must go to work tomorrow.
Trebuie sa fae asta azi? > Must 1 do It today')
Cine trebuie sa-ti dea aceasta scrisoare? > Who must gwc you this letter"
Ale cui ciintcce trebuie sa Ie cantam? > Whose songs mllst we sing')
Trebuie sa-mi arati casa tao > You must ShOll me YOU! house.
Ea trcbuic sa predea la ~coala engleza. > She must teach EnglIsh at school.
in ineheierc, sa recapitulam materialul acestei parti a lectiei. Traduceti in limba engleza:
in martie trebuie sa merg la Londra. > In March I must go to London.
Azi eslc 30 noiembrie. > Today's date is November 30.
Vara vrcmea este frumoasa. > The weather IS nice in summer.
Ninge? > Is it snowing?
Pot sa vina in februarie? > Can they come in February?
Uita-te la aceste femei ~i la ace~ti barbati. > Look at these women and these men.
Imi lIcbuic patruzcci ~i cinci de minute > I Illust have forty-five minutes to get there.
ca sa ajung acolo.
Ce altceva mai vreti sa vedeti? > \V!J;!l l'l.Sl' do yOll w:lnt to see'l
Acum ma uit la aceasta ma~ina neagra. > I'm ]ooklllg at thiS black car now.
Straluce~te azi soarele? > Is the sun shining today')
Mama i'l tunde acum. > Mother is cutting his hair now.
Ce faci acum? > What are you domg now?

LECTIA
, 8 - PARTEA A DOVA
Cititi cu atentie urmiHorul text. Cuvintele ~i silabele accentuate sunt tipiirite cu litere ingro~ate:
Barbara: Can your brother sing?

John: Yes, he can sing many songs. He listens to music on the radio every day.
Barbara: Does he know the song "It's a long way to Tipperary"?
John: Yes, he does, but this song is not difficult to sing.
Tom: Tomorrow I'm buying a big, red car. It's a fast car and not too expensive. I want to
show it to you tomorrow evening.
Mary: My brother also wants to buy a cheap car, because he has little money. He doesn't like
red, brown or black, so he wants to buy a green or yellow car.
Peter: Can I talk to your brother Terry?

Barbara: Yes, he is at home now.
Peter: What is he doing?
Barbara: He is sitting in his room and writing a long letter to his friend. He can write long
letters.
Peter: I want to go to the park with him.
Barbara: I think he can't go with you. He must send the letter, so we must go to the post-office
together.
Mary: II ave you a hrol her or sister?

John: I have a hrolher. Ilis name is Tony. My hrother is a nice boy. He is tall, he has big
black eyes and lonl-: legs.
Mary: Tony's ti-iends mllst like him.
John: Yes, and girls can never forget him.
Tom: Why are you going to the kitchen?

Barbara: Because Tony wants some tea and some bread with jam and I want a cup of coffee.
Tom: You can't drink coffee, because there's no sugar.
Mary: Where does your family live?

Peter: My father and mother hve in Bucharest, my brother and his family live in London.
Barbara: Where is your house?

John: It's near Bucharest. Its rooms are big. I have a large bedroom and a big kitchen. I can
have cats and dogs. I want to live there forever.
34
Mary: I think you smoke too many cigarettes and drink too much coffee.
Tom: Yes, I want to stop smoking soon.
Mary: And whal about coffee?
Tom: I like coffee and I don't want to stop drinking it.
Barbara: Why 00 you like this park?

Peter: lkcause I can see a lot of animals here. All trees in this park are green. It's not easy
to go there: you must take a bicycle, because you can't walk there.
Mary: Father wants to cut your long hair.

.lohn: Is he trying to do it?
Mary: Don't worry. You must go to the barber's shop.
Barbara. Where is your brother going by car tonight?

Tom: He is visiting his best friend. He must usually drive a car there, but he likes to drive.
Barbara: Does he drive much?
Tom: Yes, he does. In summer he usually goes to England. Sometimes he goes to the Near
East, because his friend works there.
in Incheiere, traduce~i urmatoarele propozi~ii In limba engleza:
I':i nc dau Inlotdcauna ceai bun. > They always give liS good tea.
In dClTllIhric cslc des zapada. > There is often snow in December.
EI vrea sa la toak caqile. > He wants to take all the books.
A cui este aceasla casa? > WI10SC IS llw; house')
In curand cumparal11 lin blroU mare. > Soon we arc buymg a big aiTlCe.
Nu uita~i accasla data' > Don't forget this date!
Ace~ti pantofi negri sunt scumpi. > These black shoes are expensive.
Ei nu ne pot auzi. > They can't hear us.
Aceasta saptamana este prea lunga. > This week is too long.
Diseara ascult radioul. > 1'Ol11ght I'm listening to the radio.
Nu vreau sa rna tund. > I don't want to cut my hair.
lulie este cea mai calduroasa luna? > Is July the hottest month?
Vreau altceva. > I lVant something else.
Pute\i sa-mi aduce\i pu\ina miere? > Can you bring me some honey')
Avem prea pu\in bani ca sa cumparam > We have too little money to buy
aceasta casa scumpa. this expensIve house.
Pisicilor nu Ie place apa. > Cats don't like water.

Acest ciiine mara este > rh15 brown dog is
prietenu1 meu eel mai bun. my best fnend.
Este prea u~or! > It's too easy I
Nu-ti face griji in ceea ce prive~te vremea. > Don't WOllY ~lbulit the weather'
Avionu1 zboara spre vest. > The plane IS 11YIng to the west.
In gradina noastra este multa zapada. > There is a lot Or"SIl')\\, 111 our garden.
Ciita dulceata poti miinca? > How much jam can vou eat')
Nu pune aceasta scrisoare pe masa in bucatarie! > Don't put this letter on \hc table 111 the kitchen'
Tocmai i1 intrebam despre fiu11ui. > We are just askmg him about hiS son.
Cine ne preda eng1eza? > Who teaches us English')
Va rog nu fumati in dorrnitor. > Please don't smoke III the bedroom.
Nu vreau sa a~tept 1a nesIar~it. > I don't want to walt forever.
Trebuie sa-i due cu ma~ina 1a ~coa1a. > I must take them to school by car.
36
, 8
8.1. Substantive ell pluralul neregulat:
man -men
woman - women
fool - feet
1\.2. Vcrbul to do are doua funqii: este verb auxiliar ee ajuta la formarea timpului prezent simplu
Simple Present - (propozi,ii interogative ~i negative), sau poate fi verb eu in,elesul de a
face, a se ocupa cu.
What is he doing now? - Ce face el aeum?
She never does it. - Nu face asta nieiodaHi.
What do you usually do on Sunday? - Ce faei de obicei duminiea?
X.3. La folosirea terminatiei -ing ultima eonsoana se dubleaza, daea:
I. Ultima silaba este aeeentuata.
2. Contine 0 vocala seurta.
Exemple:
get - getting
stop - stopping
8.4. Must ~\ trebui
8.4.1. I ~sle un verb modal, eu aeeea~i forma pentru toate persoanele, iar verbul care-I urmeaza
nu are particula to.
8.4.2. Inlcrogativul se formeaza prin inversiune, adiea inversam ordinea lui must ~i a
subicellilui:
I must go home. - Must I go home? - Trebuie sa merg aeasa?
Mary must drive - Must Mary drive there? - Mary trebuie sa mearga aeolo
there. eu ma~ma?
They must go to - Where must they go? - Unde trebuie sa mearga?

school.
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 8
A. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba ramana:
I. How much beer can you dnnk today?
2. Who must come here tomorrow?
3. Why can't you go to England in March?
4. Are they cutting the trees in the garden?
5. Our father always forgets to buy bread.
6. Those women have babies.
B. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba eng1eza:
1. .Trebuie sa venim la tine azi.
2. Am mancat putina ciocolata ~i ni~te paine.
3. Ce faci diseara?
4. Tuturor barbatilor Ie place costumul?
5. De ce trebuie sa vorbeasca despre ma~inile lor?
6. EI sta acum pe scaun.
C. Corcctati grc~cltlc din propOl.l\lilc de ll1ai jos:
I. These girls are readdlllg books now.
2. Who are those man?
3. She musts go to her father.
4. Do you must look for those people?
5. There is always many snow in winter.
6. She doesn't never forget to buy bread.
38
, 7 SI
, 8
aIr >l ear] - aer, atmosfera
almost >[ o:lmaust] - aproape ca
all > [0:1] - tot, toata, toti, toate, intreg
apple >[Epl] - mar
April > [eipril] - aprilie
around >[ araund] - prin apropiere, in jurul
August >[o:gast] - august
barber >[ba:'ba'] - frizer, barbier
because >[bikoz] - pentru ca, fiindca, deoarece'
beer >[bla'] - bere
bl'ltl'r >[beta'] - mai bun, mai bine
the best >[D'a best] - cel mai bun, cel mai bine
between > [bitUi:n] - intre (doua obiecte), dintre
big >[big] - mare, voluminos
black >lblHI - negru, neagra
bread >\ btedl - paine
brown >1 bl ~\UIIJ - maro, cafeniu, brunet
brother >[braDZa'] - frate
butter >[bata'] - unt
to buy > [tu bail - a cumpara, a face cumparaturi
cat >lkE1] - pIslca
can >l kl~JlJ - a putea, a fi capabil, a ~ti
cannot >[kEnot] - a nu putea, a nu fi capabil,

a nu ~ti
cheap >[t~j:p] - ieftin
cheese >[ t~J:Z] - ca~caval, branza
cigarette >[ sigaret] - tigara
coffee >[kofi] - cafea
cup >[kap] - cea~ca

to cut >[tukat] - a taia, a tunde
date > [dcltJ - data
December > [dlscmba' J - decembrie
difficult > [diilbltJ - dificil, complicat
to do >[tudu.] - a face, a se ocupa cu
dog > [dog] - caine
to drink > [tu dnnl~lk] - a bea
east >[i:stJ - est, rasarit
easy > [i:ziJ - u~or, simplu
eighty > [CltlJ - optzeci
else > [elsJ - mai, inca, alta
ever > [ev[j'J - vreodata, candva
expensive > [ikspenslvJ - scump, costisitor
family > [f1:mIlIJ - familie
fast > [fa.stJ - repede, iute, rapid
February > [februJri J - februarie
feet > [fitJ - labe (de 1a picior)
fifty > IIil111 CIl1CIZCCI
foot ·111111 laba piclorului
forever > 1IIIIl'I ,I' I - pentru totdeauna, mereu, ve~nic
to forget > l tll I'orgct] - a uita, a nu-~i aminti
forty > [fo:'tiJ - patruzeci
the fourth > [DZa fo:'TsJ - al patrulea, a patra
friend > [frendJ - prieten, amic
from time to time > [from talm tu taimJ - din cand in cand
good night > [gud naitJ - noapte buna
great > [greltJ - mare, maret, remarcabil
hair > [heaTJ - par
honey > [haniJ - miere (de albine)
horse > [ho:'5J - cal
40
how >lh'lL\] - cum?, in ce fel?
how many > l haLL ll1CI1l] - diti? cate?
how much >[hau l11e1t')] - cati? cate?
hundred >[ hallllrlllJ - suta

,
Jam >l dJJ' 1111 - dulceata, gem
January >[ d,n':Il/II,m] - ianuarie
./uly >[djlll;nl J - iulie
June >ldjll III - iunie
large >[I< I'd ll - mare, spatios, larg
leg >Ilcg] - plclOr
less than >1 ks IYEn] - mai putin decat, mai putin de
to listen (to) >[tlilisn] - a asculta, a fi atent (la)
a little >[alitl] - putin, catva, ceva
alotof >[a lot ov] - 0 multime de, foarte mult,

foarte multi
Illany >[ l11l'ni] - un mare numar, mult, numero~i,

o multime de
March >1'11.' 'I I - martie
May >11I1l'/1 - mal
men >lIllCIlJ - barbati, oameni
more than >[mo:' D"En] - mai multlmai multalmai multi/

mai multe decat
much >[mat~] - mult, multa
music >[mlU:zlk] - muzica
must >[mast] - a trebui
November > [n:llI vem b" I I - noiembrie
ninety >[naintl] - nouazeci
October >[ oktallb;I' J - octombrie
of >[ 3V] - ai, a, ai, ale, lui
or >[ 0 '] - sau, ori
paper >[pclpa ' ] - hartie
.11
park > [pa:'k] - pare
piece > [pl:S] - bucata
poor > [pua'] [po"] - sarac, sannan, biet
to put > [tu put] - a pune, a a~eza, a piasa
radio > [leldlau] - radio
ram > [rem] - ploaie
to rain > [tu rem] - a ploua
rich > [nt~] - bogat
September > [septcll1ba'] - septembrie
seventy > [sevantl] - ~aptezeci
to shine > [ tu ~all1] - a straluei, a lumina, a luci
ship > [~lp] - nava, vapor
shoe >[W] - pantof
short > [~o:rt] - scurt
to sing > [tu sm(g)] - a eanta
to sit >[tUSlt] - a sedea

, , a se aseza
.
sixty "> I·\ik ',111 :;;~lIzeei
snow ·1-,11.1111 zapada
to snow > 111I c,lldlll - a nmge
to smoke > [tu sma uk] - afuma
something > [samT'in lgJ ] - eeva
song > [son(g)] - eantee, melodie
soon > [su:n] - in curand
to stop >[tustop] - a opri, a inceta, a intrerupe
sugar > [~uga'] - zahar
summer > [sama'] - vara
the sun > [DZa san] - soarele
tall >[to:l] - inalt, mare
42
tea > I tlJ - cear
thirty > [T>a:'tiJ - treizeci
together > [tageDZa' J - impreuna
tonight > [tanaitJ - diseara, asta seara, in noaptea asta
too >[tu:] - prea, foarte
tree >[tri:] - copac, arbore, pom
water >["o:ta'] - apa
weather >[ lieD/a'] - vreme
west >["est] - vest, apus
what about > ["ot ab3ut] - ce ar fi sa ... ? cum stam cu ...?

ce mal. e cu ....?
what else > ["ot els] - altceva? mai doriti ceva?
which >["it~] - care, pe care, ce
whose >[hu:zJ - ai, a, ai, ale cui/carui
why > ["al] - de ce? pentm ce? din ce cauzii?
winter >1"illl;j'l - iarna
without >1 "iI)/;!l1i I - lara, lipsit de
women >I"jlllllli - femei
to worry >[tli "on] - a se nelini~ti, a se ingrijora,

a-~i face grij i
year >[ liarJ - an (calendaristic)
yellow >[ielauJ - galben

RECAPITULARE
De acum inainte yom incepe lectiile cu 0 scurta recapitulare a materialului anterior. Tot aici vor fi
prezentate cuno~tintele de gramatica din lectia urmatoare.
1. Articolul hotiirat the:
the tower the school
the train the table
the car the time
the office the apple
Daca euvantul care urmeaza dupa artieolul hotiirat ineepe eu 0 voeala, atunei pronuntia
articolului hotarat este [DZi]:
the applc > [IYi Epl]
the eye > rlYi ail
2. De cCIe l1111i Illllite ori 1(1I"nHII1l plundlll slIhstantivclor adaugand euvalltului terrninatia -s:
suit suits > [su:ts]
ship ships > [~ips]
Daea substantivul la singular se termina eu un sunet surd; atunei termina\ia de plural se

pronunta [s]:
book - books > [buks]
cat - cats > [kEts]
Daea insa substantivulla singular se termina eu un sunet sonor, atunei terminatia de plural se
pronunta [z]:
car - cars > [ka:rz]
day - days > [deiz]
Daea ultima litera a euvantului este s, sh, ch, x atunci pluralul se formeaza prin adaugarea
terminatiei -es, care se pronunta [iz]:
bus - buses > [basiz]
house - houses > [hauziz]

" "
LECTIA
, 9 PARTEA INTAI
fncepem lectia lnvatiind obi~nuitul set de cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie elar ~i cu voce tate:
quarter >[kuo:rtar] - sfert, sfert de ceas/ora
husband >[hazband] - sot
bookcase > Ibukkeis] - raft, biblioteca
lamp :{lEmp] -lampa
plant >[pla:nt] - planta
tie >ftai] - cravatll
dining-room ~~ dllin i Il(~) I'll: III I ,,~ sufragerie
breakfast :~ hrW, lilsll mic dejun
parents ;'1 pClIrilllls! pilrin(i
shirt >f ~il:ll] """ cl'una~ll
hospital >[hospitJ] -- spital, clinica
Sa repctilm cuvintele, intr-o alta ordine:
quarter >[kuo:rtar] - sfert, sfert de ceas/ora
tie >[tai] -cravata
husband :{hazband] - sot
parents >[pearants] - parinti
hospital >[hospitl] - spital, clinica
shirt :{~a:rt] -cama~ii
lamp >[lEmp] -lampli
breakfast >[brEkIast] -mic dejun
dining-room >[dainin(g) ru:m] - sufragerie
bookcase >[bukkeis] - raft, biblioteca
plant >[pla:nt] - plantii

Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii. Repetati-le cu voce tare ~i titi atenti la prommtia lor:
We have many plants >[lli: hEv meni pla:nts Et - Acasa avem multe plante.
at home. haum]
Her husband is rich. >[ha: r hazband iz rit~] - Sotul ei este bogat.
These lamps are expensive. >rrYi:zIEmps a:' ikspensiv] - Aceste lampi sunt scumpe.
I want to buy a shirt. >[ ai "0ll tlll hai a ~it:'!1 Vreau sa cumpar 0 cama~a.
It is on the bookcase. >[ it iz Oil IYil bllkkeis] _.0 Acela este pe raft.
It's a quarter past five. > [its a k"o:'tar pa:st faiv] - Este cinci ~i un sfert.
Do you know his parents? > [du iu: nau hiz pearants] - Ii cuno~ti pe parintii lui?
I often eat breakfast at seven. >[ai ofn i:t brEkrast Et sevn] - Eu iau des micul dejun la ~apte.
He doesn't like ties. >[hi: damt laik taiz] - Nu-i plac cravatele.
I must go to hospital. >[ ai mast gau tu hospitl] - Trebuie sa merg la spital.
We have a large dining-room. >[lli; hEv a la:fdj - Avem 0 sufragerie mare.

dainin(g) ru:m]
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele nou invatate:
Cama~ile mele sunt ieftine. - My> shirts are cheap.
Trebuie sa cumpar 0 cravata. - I must buy a> tie.
Sunt ~i parmtii lui aici? - Are his > parents also here?
In casa noastra sunt mUlte plante. - There are many> plants in our house.
Eu vreau sa am aceasta lampa verde. - I want to have this green> lamp.
Sotul tau este fratele meu. - Your> husband is my brother.
P!!Ae aceasta biblioteca in donnitorul nostru. - Put this> bookcase in our bedroom.
Ei yin peste un sfert de ora. - They are coming in a > quarter of an hour.
De obicei milncam in sufragerie. - We usually eat in the> dining-room.
Ce iti place sa mananci la micul dejun? - What do you like to eat for> breakfast?
Tatal meu trebuie sa mearga la spital. - My father must go to > hospital.
Retineti utilizarea cuvilntului for in urmatoarele expresii:
What do you like to eat - Ce iti place sa mananci

for breakfast? la micul dejun?
What's for breakfast today? - Ce este azi la micul dejun?

Sa vedem daca ati retinut cuvintelenoi. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
Aceste plante trebuie sa fie in grMina. >Thesc plants must be in the garden.
Nu-mi place sa fiu in spitaL >1 don't like to be in hospitaL
Este doua ~i un sfert. (Este trecut cu >It's a quarter past two.

15 minute de ora doua.)
S0tu1 meu conduce intotdeauna ma~ina. >My husband always drives the car.
Putem sa luam impreuna micul dejuil? >Can we eat breakfast together?
Pune aceste cacti in biblioteca. >Put these books on the bookcase.
Parintii mei au bani putini. >My parents have little money.
Care cam~a pot s-o iau? >Which shirt can I take?
Trebuie sa iau ~i 0 cravam? >Must I also take a tie?
Aceste veioze sunt frumoase, dar prea >These lamps are nice, but too
scumpe. expensive.
Putem sa fumam in sufragerie. >We can smoke in the dining-room.
Articolul hotiidit the se poate amite In cazul unor cuvinte ca: mother, father, town, church, music.
In cele ce urmeazii va prezentiim ~i alte cazuri asemiiniitoare, ca de exemplu:
Inaintea denumirii meselor principale, folosite la modul general:
She always cats breakfllst at sewn. . Ell la intotdeauua mieul dejun la ~apte.
!naintea denumirU anotimpuri/or, dacli Ie jhlosim la modul general:
Do you like summer'? - 1ti place vara?
Daca vrem sii ne referim la 0 masii, sau la un anotimp anume, atunci trebuie safolosim articolul
hotiirdt the.
The dinner which I am eating now is good. - Cina pe care 0 mananc acum este buna.
Inaintea cuviintului hospital- spital, clinica nufolosim articolul hotiirdt, daciiparticipam la activitate
in calitate de bolnav:
I must go to hospital. - Trebnie sa merg la spital.
Daca mergem la spital in caUtate de vizitator sau ca membru al personalului, atunei spunem:
I go to the hospital every day. - Merg la spital in fiecare zi.
Acum yom invata cateva verbe Doi:
to park ::{ tu pa:Ck] - a parca, a staliona
to get up ::{ tu get ap] - a se ridica in picioare,

a se scula din pat
to put on ::{tu put on] - a se imbraca, a ~eza
to stay ::{tu steil - a sta, a ramane

to have breakfast >[tu hEy brEkfast] - a lua micul dejun
to make >[tu meik] - a face, a confeqiona
Sa introducem verbele noi in propozitii:
In Romania we always stay > ~n ru:mcinia "i: o:J"ciz - In Romania starn

at a hotel. stci I':t ~l hautel] intotdeauna la hotel.
Tomorrow I must get up at >[liunorau ai mast get ap - Maine trebuie sa rna scol
6 in the morning. I':t siks in DZa mo:'nin(g)] la 6 dimineata.
You can park the car here. >[ ill: kEn pa:'k DZa ka:' - Poti sa parchezi m~ina
hia'] aiei.
What time do you usually >[Uot taim du iu: iu:juali - La ce ora iei de obieei
have brcakfast? hEy brEkfast] micul dejun?
Can I put on my father's >[kEn ai put on mai - Pot sa (rna) imbrac (cu) costumul
suit? fa:Dza'z su:t] tatalui meu?
They make chairs in this >[DZei meik t~ea'z in - Ei confectioneaza scaune

factory. DZjs fEktari] ill aceasta fabrica.
Pentru exersarea cuvintelor noi completati urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza:
Imbracati 0 carn~a alba. - > Put on a white shirt.
Trebuie sa stau zece zile ill spital. - I must> stay in hospital for ten days.
Nu putem parca pe aceasta strada. - We can't> park in this street.
Nu-mi place sa rna scol dimineata. - I don't like to > get up in the morning.
Dumneavoastra, luati illtotdeauna micul dejun - Do you always> have breakfast at eight?
la ora opt?
Tatal meu coIifectioneaza acum 0 biblioteca. - My father is > making a bookcase now.
Verbul to have eu sensul: a avea, a poseda nu sefolose!jte la prezentul continuu.ln unele situafii fnsii,
eu ajutorullui fnloeuim alte verbe. In aeeste eazuri putem folosi verbul to have :;i la timpul prezent
continuu:
to eat breakfast to have breakfast
to drink tea to have tca
to smoke a cigarette to have a cigarette
Are you having breakfast now? - lei acum micul dejun?
What tea is be baving now? - Ce fel de ceai bea el acum?
John is baving his fourth cigarette. - John fumeaza a patra tigara.

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza folosind forma corespunzatoare a verbului
to have:
Peter ~i Mary beau cafea acum. > Peter and Mary are having coffee now..
Acum am doi caini ~i 0 pisica. > Now I have two dogs and one cat.
Ei iau micul dejun acum? > Are they having breakfast now?
A cata ligara furnezi acum? > Which cigarette are you having now?
Momentan nu am bani. > I have no money at the moment.
., ';:';'_.
~'
1C';~~;::'
;:.::'.-
.
e--- ~'''-''
"!~~
.a-
~..;;)'.-~.
6: .. ---.--.-----.~---------~
Acum vom inwitaformele verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu (the Simple Past Tense [DZa simpl .-
pa:st tens]). Acesta se folose:jte pentru exprimarea unei aCfiuni care s-a petrecut in trecut, la un
moment determinat :ji nu are legiiturii cu prezentul. De obicei folosim aliituri de el urmiitoarele '
complemente de timp:
yesterday > [iestardei], [iestardi] - ieri
ago > [agau] - in urma(eu), aeum(-)
last > [la:st] - ultim, (eel) din urma, treeut
Aceste complemente de timp stau la inceputul sau la sfar:jitul propozipei.
Sii urmiirim acum folosirea cuvintelor ago :ji last in urmiitoarele structuri:
two days ago - in urma eu doua zile, acum doua zile
three weeks ago - in urma cu trei saptamani, acum tre~saptamani
four years ago - in urma eu patru ani, acum patru ani
last year - anul treeut
last month - luna trecuta
last Sunday - duminiea treeuta
Iattiformele verbului to be la trecut simplu:
I was ;fai "oz] - eu am fost, eu eram
you were ;fiu "a:'] - tu ai fost, tu erai, dumneavoastra

ati fast, dumneavoastra erati
he was ;fhi: "Oz] - el a fast, el era
she was :f~i: "ozl - ea a fost, ea era
It was :;f it "0/,1 aceasta a fost/asta a fost, era

(genu I neutru)
we were :;f"i: "a:'] -- noi am lost, noi eram
you were ;fiu: "a:'] - voi ati fost, voi erati
they were ;f DZei "a:'] - ei au fost, ei erau
fn urmatoarele propozitii am utilizat formele verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu alaturi de

complementul de timp corespunzator:
Yesterday I was at home in ::fiesta'dei ai U oz Et - leri seara am fost acasa.

the evening. Mum in DZi i:vnin(g)]
I know you were in England ;f ai nou iu: "a:' in - ~tiu ca ai fast in Anglia.
two years ago. in(g)gHlnd tu: iia'z agau] in urma cu doi ani.
Last week he was in hospital. ;fla:st "i:k hi: uoz in - Saptamana trecuta el a
hospitl] fost in spital.
Last month she was in ;fla:st manTs ~i: "oz in - Luna trecuta ea a fast in
Bucharest. bukarest] Bucure~ti.
It was a long time ago. ;f it "oz a lon(g) taim - Aceasta a fast cu mult
agau] timp in unna.
Three years ago we were ;fPri: iia'z agau "i: "a:' - fn unna cu trei ani am
in that factory. in DZet lEktari] fast in fabrica aceea.
I think you were there ;f ai T'in(g)k iu: "a:' - Cred ca ai fast acolo ieri.
yesterday. [)Zea' iesta'dei]
Ten years ago they were ;f len iiarz iigau DZei "a:' - fn urma cu zece ani ei
babies. hcibiz] erau bebelu~i.
Completati propozitiile in Iimba englcza. Folositi filtrul ro~u:
Mama mea a fost in Anglia in urma cu - My mother >was in England >a week ago.
o saptamana.
Ace~ti oameni au fost in Romania anul trecut. - These people >wcrc in Romania >last year.
leri am fost in gradina lui. -Yesterday I >was in his garden.
Anul trecut am fost impreuna. -Last year we >were together.
In unnii cu doi ani ai fost in Anglia. -Two years ago you :were in England.
~tiu ca el a fost la tine acasa ieri. - I know he :was at your house

>yesterday.
7
A fast anul trecut. - It> was last year.
Dumneavoastra ati fast luna trecuta la - You> were at your daughter's school
~coala fiicei dumneavoastra. > last month.
Forma de interogativ a verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu se formeazii prin inversarea ordinii
subiectului cu forma corespunzritoare a verbului la timpul trecut.
Construc!ia rrispunsului afirmativ: cuvantul yes, urmat de pronumele personal # de forma
corespunzritoare a verbului to be.
Construc!ia nega!iei: cuvantul no, urmat de pronumelepersonal, deforma corespunzritoare a verbului
to be ~i de cuvdntul not. Construc!ia was not prescurtatii devine wasn't [Uozut]; constructia were not
devine weren't [Ua:'nt).
De exemplu:
I was at school yesterday.
Were you at school Yes,Iwas. No, I was not.

yesterday?
> [Ua:' iu: Et sku:l iesta'dei] > [nau ai uoz not]
- Ai fast ieri la ~coala? -Da, (am fast). - No, I wasn't.

> [nau ai Uozut]
- Nu, (nu am fost).
They were at home last week.
Were they at home last Yes, they were. NQ, they were not.
week?
> l"a:'1 )/l;i 1':1 h:llIllI la:s( lIi:kl > 1ies I)lei "n:'1 > luall IYei "a:' not]
Au J(lsl ci llCUS!\ Du, (uu l(lSl). - No, they weren't.
saptamfUlll lrccull\'l > [nau DZci lI a:'nt]
- Nu, (nu au fast).

Last year he was in England.
Was ,he in England last Yes, he was. No, he was not.

year?
> [Ua:' hi: in in(g)gliind la:st iia'] > [ies hi: U oz] > [nau hi: uoz not]
-A fast el in Anglia? -Da,(afost). -No, he wasn't.

anul trecut? > [nau hi: uoznt]
- Nu, (nu a fost).
Formulati intrebari ~i raspunsuri scurte la urmatoarele propozitii, in limba engleza:

Yesterday she was at work. - >. Was she at work yesterday?
- Yes, > she was.

- No,> shewasn't.
We were together last year. - > Were we together last year?

- Yes,> we were.
- No,> weweren't.
They were in his office yesterday. - > Were they in his office yesterday?
- Yes, > they were.
- No, > they weren't.
He was a good boy ten years ago. - > Was he a good boy ten years ago?
- Yes, > he was.
-- No, > he wasn't.
In cazul intreMrilor mai detaliate a~ezam cuvantul interogativ la inceputul intrebiirii:

When were you in England? > [Uen ua:r iu: in i.n(g)gHind] - Cand ai fost in Anglia?
Why wasn't she at work > [Uai uoznt ~i: Et ua:'k - De ce nu a fost ea la
yesterday? iestardei] serviciu ieri?
AceasHt ncgatie poate fi folosita ~i in propozitii complete:
She wasn't in England three > [~i Uoznt in in(g)gland - Ea nu a fost in Anglia in
years ago. Pri: iiarz agau] urma eu trei ani.
My parents weren't here > [mai peiiriints Uli:rnt hiar - Piirlntii mei nu au fost ieri
yesterday iestardei] aici?
Tradllce\i lIrmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Unde au fost ei sambiita trecutii? > Where were they last Saturday?
Cine a f(lS( in biroullui in urma cu 0 ora? > Who was in his offiee an hour ago?
Sora lor nu a fost la Londra saptiimana trecuta. > Their sister wasn't in London last week.
leri nu lUll fost la oficiul po~tal. > Yesterday we weren't at the post-office.
Sa ne intoarccm la formarea pluralului. ~tim deja ea unele substantive formeaza pluralul in mod
neregulat. 1n cele ee urmeaza yom invata alte doua modalitati de formare a pluralului neregulat:
1. Substantive care la formarea pluralului f$i schimbii riidiicina $i pronunfia:
foot > [fut] - pieior, laba feet > [fi:t] - pieioare

piciorului
tooth >[tu:P] - dinte, masea teeth > [ti:P] - dinti
goose >[gu:s] - gasea geese > [gi:s] -g~te
mouse> [maus] - ~oarece mice > [mais] - ~oareci
ehild > [t~aild] - eopil children > [t~ildran] - eopii
2. Substantive care se terminii fn -f, iar la plural acesta se schimbii fn v. Dacii f e urmat de e,
atunci fi adiiugiim doar un -s, altfel cuwintul prime$te terminafia -es:
loaf > ~aufJ - franzela, paine loaves > [lauvz] -franzele

(de 0 anumita forma)
- sotie, nevasta wives - sotii, neveste
9
shelf >[ ~elf] -raft shelves >[~elvz] -rafturi
life >[laif] - viata lives >[laivz] - vieti

half >[ha:f] - jumatate halves >[ha:vz] - jumatati
leaf >[li:f] - frunza leaves >[li:vz] -frunze
knife >[naif] - cutit knives >[naivz] - cutite
Aproape toate accste cuvinte sunt noi pentru dumneavoastra. De aceea, repetati-Ie intr-o alta ordine:
life >[laif] - viata lives >[ Jaivz] - viep
knife >[naif] - cutit knives >[naivz] - cutite

tooth >[tu:T'] - dinte, masea teeth >[ti:T'] - dinti
loaf >[Jiiuf] - franze/a, paine loaves >[lauvz] - franzele
mouse >[maus] - ~oarece mice >[mais] - ~oareci
leaf >[li:f] -frunza leaves >[li:vz] -frunze
wife >[uaif] - sope, nevasta wives >[Uaivz] - sotii, neveste
foot >[fut] - picior, laba feet >[fi:t] - picioare

child >[t~aild] - copil children >[ t~ildran] - copii
shelf >[~elf] -raft shelves >[~elvz] -rafturi
goose >[gu:s] - gasca geese >[gi:s] - ga~te
half >[ha:/] - jumatate halves >[ha:vz] - jumatap
"A wife is cutting a loaf into halves with a knife."

Acum yom invata 0 serie de cuvinte noi:
downstairs >[ daunsteafz] - la parter, jos
in front of >[ in frant ov] - in fata, dinaintea
opposite >[opiizil] - vizavi de, in partea cealalta
after >[:1: Ilarl - dupa, dupa aceea
still >[ still . inca, mai
Sa folosim cuvintclc noi 1n propozitii:
The hotel is opposite our >[DZa hautel iz opazit] - Hotelul este vizavi de
house. auafhaus] casa noastra.
He is still working. >[hi: iz stil uii:'kin(g)] - Ellucreaza inca.
Park the car in front of this >[pa:rk DZa ka: f in frant ] - Parcheaza ma~ina in fata
building. ov DZis bildin(g) ] acestei cladiri.
Our kitchen is >[ auaf kit~iin iz] - Bucatana noastra este la

downstairs. daunstea'z] parter.
I think he was there after six. >[ ai TSin(g)k hi: Uoz] - Cred ca el a fost acolo
DZeaf a: na' siks] dupa ~ase.
Completati propozitiile in lirnba engleza folosind cuvintele nou invatate:
Pot parca acolo dupa opt. - I can park there> after eight.
Ea tocmai se duce la parter. - She is just going> downstairs.
Acest om este in fata casei noastre. - This man is > in front of our house.
El te viziteaza inca? - Does he > still visit you?
Biroul lui este vizavi de statia de autobuz. - His office is > opposite the bus station.
Am invatat deja ca structura there is/there are se folose~te 1a tirnpu1 prezent in cazul substantivelor
nehotiirate. Forma acestei constructii 1a trecutul simplu este there was/there were. De exemplu:
There were a lot of trees in this garden - Erau 0 multirne de copaci in aceasta
last year. gradina anul trecut.
Sa recapitullim acum materialul din prima parte a lectiei. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba
engleza:
Acelea sunt cutitele tale (dumneavoastra)? > Are those your knives?
II vad intotdeauna dupa micul dejun. > I always see him after breakfast.
Pune lampa pe biblioteca. > Put the lamp on the bookcase.
Vreau sa cumpar trei franzele. > I want to buy three loaves of bread.
Vara nu mergem cu ma~ina. > In summer we don't go by car.
La ce ora se scoala el de obicei? > What time docs he usually get up?
Te rog, rlimiii dupa cina. > Please, stay aner dinner.
Sunt ~oareci in aceasta cladire. > There are mice in this building.
Sotului meu ii place aceasta cravata. > My husband likes this tie.
Vrei sa 1mbraci cama~a asta ro~ie? > Do you want to put on this red shirt?
Aceste plante au fost in gradina noastra in > These plants were in our garden a year
urma cu un an. ago.
Ei nu au fost ieri in sufragerie. > They weren't in the dining-room yesterday.
Ea are ga~te in gradina. > She has geese in the garden.
Parintii Uii erau inal\i? > Were your parents tall?
Este aproape cinci ~i un slcrl. > II's almost a quarter past five.
Vezi fj'unze in acest copac'? > Do you see leaves in this tree?
Locuim vizavi de 0 biserica. > We live opposite a church.
Maine trebuie sa ma scol dupa patru. > I must get up after four tomorrow.
De obicei iau micul dejun la noua. > I usually have breakfast at nine.
Te vlid des in fata acestei fabrici. > I often see you in front of this factory.
Dintii lui nu sunt albi. > His teeth aren't white.
In urma cu 0 ora erau multi copli in pare. > An hour ago there were many children
in the park.
12
LECTIA
, 9 - PARTEA A nOVA
In partea a doua a acestei lectii vom exersa trecutul simplu. Sa invatam mai intiii ciiteva cuvinte noi:
dinner >(dinan - masa (principala), priinz,
cina, dineu
the moon >(Dzamu:n] - luna
bird >[ba:rd] - pasare
cellar >[sela'] -- pivnita, beci
corner >[ko:rna'] - colt
television set >[ teiivijn set] - televizor
TV set >( ti:vi: set] - televizor
thing >[Pin(g)] - lucru, obiect
cincma >[sinama] cinema(tograf)
shcd >[~ed] - ~opron, ~ura
sock :>[sok] - ~oseta
living-room >[livin(g) ru:m] - camera de zi
seat :>[ si:t] - loc de stat, scaun
Sa relu1\m cuvintele intr-o alta ordine:
television set >[ telivijn set] - televizor
shed :>[~ed] - ~opron, ~ura
seat :>[ si:t] - loc de stat, scaun
TV set >(ti:vi: set] - televizor
sock :>[sok] - ~oseta
cellar :>[ sela'] - pivnita, beci
dinner >[dina'] - masa (principala), priinz,

cina, dineu
thing :>[Tsin(g)] - lucru, obiect
cinema :>[sinama] cinema(tograf)
the moon >[Dzamu:n] - luna
living-room >(livin(g) ru:m] - camera de zi
bird >[ba:rd] - pasare
comer >[ko:Tna'] -colt
13
Sa folosim cuvintele noi ill propozitii:
Birds are sitting in the trees > [ba:fdz a: f sitin(g~ in - In copacii din gradina mea
in my garden now. DZa tri:z in mai ga:fdn stau acum pasan.
nau]
The cellar in our house is > [DZa selaf in auar haus - Pivnita din casa noastra
large. iz la:rdj] estemare.
I love to go to the cinema. > [ai lav tu gau tu DZa - Imi place sa inerg la cinema.
sinama]
Put on your socks! >[put on io: r soks] - Pune-ti ~osetele!
I always look for a seat on >[ai o:l"eiz luk I<>:r ii si:t - Intotdeauna caut un loc ill
the bus. 011 D/u has] autobuz.
The moon is shining now. >[D'u Illu:n iz ~aiJ1in(g)] - Luna straluce~te

m\u] (lumineaza) acum.
I often forget about many >[ ai ofn forget abaut - Vit des multe lucruri.
things. meni Pin(g)z]
What time do you usually > ["ot taim du iu: iu :juali - La ce ora cinezi de obicei?
have dinner? hEy dinar]
We have a television set in >[ ui hEy a telivijn set in - Avem un televizor in

every room. evriru:m] fiecare camera.
The shed was too little. >[DZa ~ed "oz tu: litI] - ~ura era prea mica.
This shop is in the corner. >[D'is ~()P iz in IYil - Acest magazin este pe colt.
ko:rnil']
Our living-room is nicc. >[ uua r livin(") nUll iz .- Camera noastra de zi este
nuisl frumoaslL
We must buy a TV sct. >["i: mast hai a li:vi: sct] - Trebuie sa cumparam un
televizor.
Retineti diteva din expresiile folosite 1n propozitiile anterioare:
on the bus - in autobuz
in the corner - pe colt, in colt
Iar acum traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos:
Bicicleta ta este in ~opron. >Your bicycle is in the shed.
Luna straluce~te (lumineaza) in fiecare noapte? >Does the moon shine every night?
Este televizor in camera de zi? >Is there aTV set in the living-room?
Vrei un lac? > Do you want a seat?
Nu-mi plac ~osetele albe. >1 don't like white socks.
Ei locuiesc vizavi de cinema. >They live opposite the cinema.

Am ciiteva scrisori de scris. >I have some letters to write.
1A
Scaunul este in colt. > The chair is in the corner.
Sunt multi ~oareci in pivnita. > There are a lot of mice in the cellar.
Este scump acest televizor? > Is this television set expensive?
Putem sa cinam impreuna? > Can we have dinner together?
Sa ne fntoarcem la timpul trecut simplu. $tim deja dind trebuie safolosim acest timp :ji cum trebuie
sa conjugam verbul to be la timpul respectiv. lata alte cateva verbe la timpul trecut:
Pronume personal + verb +

sau substantiv
I visited my mother yesterday. - len am vizitat-o
[vizitid] pemamamea.
He waited forme last week. - EI m-a a~teptat
[Ueitid] saptamana trecuta.
Dupa cum ati observat verbul prime:jte terminatia -ed. Aceasta se adauga doar verbelor care nu au
terminatia -e:
visit - visited > ~izitid]
wait - waited > [Ueitid]
Daca verbul are termina\ia -e, i se adauga doar litera -d:
like - liked > [lazkt]
La folosirea terminatiei -ed sa fun atenti la urmatoarele:

1. In cazul verbelor a caror terminatie este litera -y precedata de 0 consoanii, litera y se
transforma fn -i la fe! ca :ji fn cazul formarii pluralului substantivelor:
try - tried > [traid]
2. In cazul unor verbe, consoana de la sfar:jitul cuvantului se dubleaza, fntocmai ca :ji fn cazul
terminafiei -ing:
stop - stopped 1stopt]
lar acum sa vedem regulile referitoare la pronun\ia verbelor al caror trecut se formeaza prin adaugarea
sufixului -ed:
1. In cazul fn care consoana de la sfar:jitul verbului nu sepronuntii, terminatia -ed vafi pronunfata
[t]:
look -looked > [lukt]
2. Daca terminafia verbului este a consoana sonora sau a vocala - cu exceptia literei e-, atunci
pronuntia terminatiei -ed este [ d]:
show - showed > [~oud]
worry -worried
15
3. Dadi consoana finalii a verbului este t sau d, atunci pronunfia terminaliei este [id]:
visit - visited >[vizitid]
Exemplele wm~itoare va vor ajuta sa illtelegeli ~i sa folositi regulile anterioare. Cititi propozitiile de
mai jos eu voee tare:
We visited our parents >[Ui: vizitid aua f peariints - Ieri i-am vizitat pe
yesterday. iestardei] parintii
, nostri.
,
He entered this shop a >[hi: entafd DZis ~op a - EI a intrat in acest magazin in
minute ago. minit agau] urma eu un minut.
They walked to work two >[DZei uo:kt tll lI a:fk tu: - Ei au mers pe jos la lucru
days ago. deiz agau] aeum doua zile.
Yesterday she stopped >[iestafdei ~i: stopt - Ea s-a liisat ieri de fumat.
smoking. smaukin(gJ]
She wanted to visit us last >[ ~i: lI ontid tu vizit as - Ea a vrut sa ne viziteze. .-~
week. la:st ui:k] saptamiina treeuta.
I worried about you >[ ai uorid abaut iu: - Ieri m-am ingrijorat in
yesterday. iestafdei] legatura eu tine.
They lived in London ten >[DZei livd in landn ten - Ei au loeuit in Londra ill wma
years ago. iiafz agau] eu zeee ani.
He listened to the radio >[hi: lisnd tu DZa reidiau - El a aseultat ieri radioul.
yesterday. iestafdei]
Completati propozitiilc in limba cnglezA eu forma corespullzatoare a verbului la timpul treeut simplu:
Parintii mci au dcsehis ieri un birou. -My parents> opened an office yesterday.
Ciind a intrat el in easil, noi cram in - When he > entered the house we were in
gradina. the garden.
Ea ne-a multumit ieri pentru asta. - She> thanked us for it yesterday.
In urma eu 0 saptiimana am vorbit cu fratele - A week ago I > talked with your brother.
tau.
leri am ~teptat-o doua ore. - Yesterday I > waited for her for two hours.
Noi am luerat in Anglia anul treeut. - Last year we > worked in England.
~oferul ne-a aratat ieri ma~ina sa. - The driver> showed us his car yesterday.
Saptiimana trecuta am mel'S pe jos la ~coala. - Last week we > walked to school.
1m placea acest or~ eand eram copil. - I > loved this town when I was a boy.
Prietenul ei i-a eerut 0 carte. . - Her friend> asked her for a book.
Ei au vrut sa mearga acolo acum un an. - They> wanted to go there a year ago.
Noi am cautat ieri eravatele lui. - We > looked for his ties yesterday.
16
In limba engleza exista ~i 0 serie de verbe neregulate, care nu formeaza timpul trecut cu sutixul
-d sau -ed. Cele trei forme ale acestar verbe trebuie invalate pe de rost.
Forma I Forma a II-a Forma aID-a

infinitiv trecutul simplu participiul trecut
see > lsi:] - a vedea saw > [so:] seen > [si:n]
go > [gou] -a merge went > ["cnt] gone > [gan)
have > [hEv] -a avea had > [hEd] had > [hEd]
be > fbi:] -ati waslwere > [Uoz/"a: r] been > [bi:n]
eat > [i:t] - a manea ate > ~it] eaten > [Un]
drink > [drin(g)k] -a bea drank > [drEn(g) k] drunk > [dran(g)k]
1nvaluli toatc cde trei forme verbale! De participiul trecut (Past Participle) ne vom ocupa in lectia
ufl11lLloare.
Repela(i de mai multe ori cele trei forme ale verbelor neregulate:
ati > be > was/were > been
a bea > drink > drank > drunk
a veden > see > saw > seen
a merge > go > went > gone
a manen > eat > ate > eaten
a avea > have > had > had
Traduec(i unnlltoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
leri am bUnt prea multa bere. > I drank too much beer yesterday.
in urmu eu doi ani anl avut un apartament > Two years ago I had an apartment in
laLondra. London.
Parintii mei au mers in Anglia acum > My parents went to England three weeks
trei saptllmani. ago.
Atunci i-am vl\zut pc ace~ti oameni. > I saw these people then.
Noi am mancat multe mere ieri. > We ate a lot of apples yesterday.
leri la ~apte dumneavoastra erati la lucm. > You were at work at seven yesterday.
17
Sa ne fntoarcem acum la problema pluralului neregulat. in cere ce urmeaza vom fnvata 0 alta serie
de substantive neregulate:
1. Substantive compuse care denumesc ocupapi ~i con,tin substantivele man ~i woman:
postman > [paustmen] postmen > [paustman] - po~ta~/po~ta~i
policeman > [pali:smen] policemen > [pali:sman] - poli!istJpoli!i~ti
fIreman > [faia'men] fIremen > [faiarman] - pompier/i
policewoman > [pali:s"man] policewomen > [pali:s"imin] - femei/e poli!ist
2. Substantive al caror plural se jormeaza prin adaugarea sufixului -es:
potato > [piHeitou] potatoes > [pateitouz] - cartoffi
tomato > [tama:lou] tomatoes > [Ulma:tauz] - ro~ie/ro~ii
3. Substantive care primesc suflXul -en la plural:
ox > [oks] oxen > [oksn] - boulboi
4. Substantive care au aceea~i forma ~i la plural, ~i la singular:
deer > [diar] deer > [diar] -caprioaraJ

caprioare
sheep >[~i:p] sheep > [~i:p] - oaie/oi
... one sheep and one deer ... ... four sheep and four deer ...
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ace~ti po~~i aduc scrisori in biroul nostru. > These postmen bring letters to our offIce.
Pompierii aceia erau inalti. > Those fIremen were tall.
Iti plac cartofii? > Do you like potatoes?
Tomatele soot ro~ii. > Tomatoes are red.
Am avut patru boi ~i zece oi. > We had four oxen and ten sheep.
Vezi acele caprioare liinga cOPllci? > Do you see those deer near the trees?
~i acum sa recapituHim materia intregii lectii. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
El a vrut sa faea ieri 0 biblioteea, > He wanted to make a bookcase yesterday,

dar nu a avut timp. but he had no time.
De obicei iau micul dejun aeasa ~i cina > I usually have breakfast at home
la un restaurant. and dinner at a restaurant.
Acele cravate nu erau frumoasc. > Those ties weren't nice.
Ea a fost atunci In spital? > Was she in hospital then?
Ai plante In sufragcrie'? > Have you plants in the dining-room?
Sotiilor Ie place sa mearga la plimbare cu > Wives like to go for a walk with their
sotii lor. husbands.
Vara uncori ploua, iar iarna ninge. > It sometimes rains in summer
and in winter it snows.
Poti sa te scoli? > Can you get up?
Trcbuie sa ma Imbrac cu cel mai bun costum. > I must put on my best suit.
Pisicilor Ie plac ~oarecii? > Do cats like mice?
Ai dinti frumo~i. > You have nice teeth.
Pune aceste carti pe aceste rafturi! > Put these books on these shelves!
Ciind a coborat, el a vamt doi copii in fata lui. > When he went downstairs he saw two
children in front of him.
Acest cinematograf este vizavi de ~coala noastra. > This cinema is opposite our school.
Mergi in pivnita ~i adu scaunele verzi! > Go to the cellar and bring the green chairs!
Am vrut sa cumpar un televizor bun, > I wanted to buy a good TV set,

dar era prea scump. but it was too expensive.
leri 1l1-am ingrijorat pentru tine. > Yesterday I worried about you.
Mai mult de a suta de pasari stau > More than a hundred birds are sitting on
in copacul nostru in clipa aceasta. our tree at the moment.
Trebuie sa am intotdeauna loc in autobuz. > I must always have a seat on a bus.
leri noi am mancat prea mult. > We ate too much yesterday.
Multe femei politist luereaza in or~ul nostru. > Many policewomen work in our town.
leri ti-am vazut bicicleta in ~ura aceea > Yesterday I saw your bicycle in that shed
din eoltul gradinii. in the corner ofthe garder.
leri te-a a~teptat un po~t~ in fata easeL > A postman waited for you in front
of the house yesterday.
Atunci noi aveam mai multi bani. > We had more money then.
19
, 9
9.1. In unele situatii putem omite articolul hotarat the, $i anume, in cazul unor cuvinte ca mother,
father, town, church, music. In cele ce urmeaza va prezentam $i alte situatii In care
articolul hotarat poate lipsi:
9.1.1. Inaintea denumirii meselor principale folosite la modul general:
She always eats breakfast at seven. - Ea ia intotdeauna micul dejun la $apte.
9.1.2. Inaintea denumirii anotimpurilor folosite la modill general:
Do you like summer? - Iti place vara?

9.1.3. Inaintea cuvantului hospital, in calitate de bolnav:
I must go to hospital. - Trebuie sa merg la spital.
Daca starn la spital, sau mergem acolo in vizita, sau ca membru al personalului,
folosim articolul howat:
I go to the hospital every day. - Merg la spital in fiecare zi.
Daca ne referim la 0 masa sau un anotimp anume, atunci se folose$te Intotdeauna

articolul hotarat the:
The dinner which I am eating - eina pe care 0 miinanc acurn este buna.
now is good.
9.2. The Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu)
9.2.1. Folosirn aeest limp in cazul unor aC\iuni terminate, care s-au des~urat In trecut, ~i care
nu all legatura eu prezentul. Folosim urrnatoarele complemente de timp:
yesterday ricsla'dcilicsla'di] ~. (ziua de) ieri
ago (agiiu] -In urma(cu), acum...
last [Ia:sl] - ultim, cel din urma, trecut
Aceste trei adverbe de timp stau la Inceputul sau la sf'ar~itul propoziliei.
9.2.2. Formele verbului to be la Trecut Simplu:
I was [ai Uoz] - eu am fost, eram
you were [iU: 'a:'] - tu ai fost, erai/dumneavoastra ali fost, erali
he was [hi: Uoz] - el a fost, era
she was [~i: Uoz] - ea a fast, era
it was [itUoz] - aceasta, asta a fast, era (genul neutru)
we were [Ui: ua :'] - noi am fost, eram
you were [iu: ua:'] - voi ali fost, erali
they were [DZei ua:'] - ei, ele au fost,erau

9.2.3. Forma interogativa a timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past) a verbului to be se formeaza
prin inversarea subieetului eu forma eorespunzatoare a verbului to be. Construetia
raspunsului afirmativ: yes + pronume personal + forma eorespunzatoare a verbului
to be la timpul treeut simplu. Forma negativa: no + pronume personal + to be
+ not. Was not se poate prescurta wasn't; iar, were not - weren't.
J was at school yesterday. - Jeri am fost la ~coala.

Were you at school yesterday? - Ai fast la ~coaHi?
Yes, I was. - Da, (am fost).
No, J was not. - Nu, (nu am fost).
No,Iwasn't
Where were you yesterday? - Unde ai fost ieri?
9.2.4. Constructia propozitiei la timpul trecut simplu:
Pronume personal + verb +

sau substantiv
visited my mother yesterday.
He waited for me last week.
Verbul prime~te sufixul-ed. Aceasta regula este valabila daca ultima litera a verbului nu
este -e.
Daca ultima litera a verbului este -e, atunci ii adaugam doar un -d.
like - liked [laikt]
9.2.5. In cazul utilizarii sufixului -ed trebuie sa fun atenti la urmatoarele:
Daca ultima litera a verbului este -y, atunci aceasta se transforma ill -i, ~i apoi prime~te
terminatia -ed.
try - tried [traid]
In cazul unor verbe, consoana de la staqitul cuvantului se dubleaza, la fel ca ~i in cazul

adaugarii terminatiei -ing.
stop - stopped [stopt]
9.2.6. Regulile de pronuntie a verbelor formate cu ajutorul terminatiei -ed:
Daca ultima litem a verbului la infmitiv este 0 consoana surda atunci pronuntia sufixului
este:
look -looked [lukt]
Daca ultima litera a verbului este 0 consoana sonora sau 0 vocala, atunci pronuntia
sufixului este:
show -showed [~oud]
')1
Daca ultima consoana a verbului este -t sau -d atunci pronuntia sufixului este rid]:
visit - visited [vizitid]
9.2.7. Verbe neregulate:
In limba engleza exista ~i verbe al caror trecut nu se formeaza cu ajutorul terrninatiei

-ed. Formele verbelor neregulate ~i pronuntia lor trebuie lnvatate ca ~i cuvinte separate.
La pagina 37 yeti gasi lista verbelor neregulate lnvatate parra acurn.
9.3. Pluralul substantivelor neregulate:
9.3 .1. Substantive a caror radacina ~i pronuntie se modifica de la singular la plural:
foot [fut] feet [fi:t] - laba piciorului, labe
9.3.2. Substantive compuse, una din componente fiind man sau woman:
postman [paustmen] postmen [paustman] - po~t~/i
9.3.3. Substantivele care se termina cu vocala 0 primesc la plural terminatia -es:
potato [pateitou] potatoes [pateitouz] - cartof/i
9.3.4. Substantive care la plural primesc terminatia -en:
ox [oks] oxen [oksn] - bou/boi
9.3.5. Substantive care au aceea~i forma amt la singular cat ~i la plural:
deer [dia'] deer [ dia'] - caprioaralcaprioare
22
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 9
A Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii:
1. Are your brothers having breakfast now?
2. Where were you yesterday?
3. My children like mice, but I don't.
4. I think these knives are on those shelves.
5. In the comer of the cellar there was a little bird.
6. I wanted to go to England last year.
B. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
1. leri noi am lucrat acasa, dar saptamiina trecuta am fost la birou.
2. El a avut trei neveste.
3. Trebuie sa cumparam ni~te cartofi.
4. Azi cinam in restaurantul de vizavi de cinematograf.
5. Nu lua ace~ti ciorapi ro~ii.
6. Toate caprioarele sunt frumoase.
C. Corectati gre~elile din propozitiile de mai jos:
I. This policewomen are in the comer, in front of that shop.
2. How many sheeps do you keep in that shed in the garden?
3. ) was at home yesterday and I listened music.
4. My daughter tryed to buy this car, but it was too expensive.
5. We seed your brother three weeks ago.
6. They goed to London then.

" "
PARTEA INTAI
LECTIA
, 10
Sa lncepem lectia lnvatfuld dHeva cuvinte noi. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:
nurse > [na:'s] - infrrmiera, sora
football > [futbo:l] - fotbal
match > [mEt~] -meci
very > [veri] - foarte
magazine > [mEgazi:n] - revista, magazin
• (g)
spring > [spnn ] - primavara, primavaratic
autumn > [o:tam] - toamna
typist > [taipist] - dactilografa
newspaper > [niu:speipa'] - ziar, gazeta
tool > [tu:l] - unealta, scula
baker > [beild] - brutar
Acum repetati acelea~i cuvinte intr-o alta ordine:
tool > [tu:l] - unealta, scula
football > [("litho: I] - fotbal
typist > rtllipisl] - dactilografa
magazine > [ mEg[tzi:n] - revista, magazin
newspaper > [niu;speipa'] - ziar, gazeta
nurse > [na:'s] - infirmiera, sora
autumn > [o:tiim] -toamna
baker > [beika'] - brutar
spring > [ sprm

• <Ill] -primavara, pnmavaratic
match > [mE~] -meci

Sa [olosim acum cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntia lor:
She is reading a newspaper >[ ~i: iz ri:din(g) a - Ea cite~te acum un ziar.

now. niu:speipar nau]
Is it still spring? >[ iz it stil sprin(g)] - Este inca primavara?
My father keeps his tools in /jmai IldYarki:ps hiz - Tatal meu i~i tine uneltele
the shed. 11I:lz ill IYii ~ed] in magazie.
Do they like magazines for >Jelu fYci laik ml\gill':i:llz - (Lor) Ie plac revistele pentru
women? Ill:'" "imin] femei?
My sister is a nurse. >[mai sistaf iz a na:fs] - Sora mea este infmniera.
Must we have a typist in >[mast lIi: hEy a taipist - Trebuie sa avem 0 dactilografii
the otHee'l in DZi ofis] in birou?
There is a football match >[Dzear iz a futbo:l mEt~ - Este un meci de fotbal

tonight. tanait] diseara.
Autumn comes after summer. >{ o:tam kamz a:ftaf samaf] - Toamna vine dupa vara.
This bakcr makes very good >[DZis belkaf melks veri - Acest brutar face paine
bread. gud bred] foarte buna.
Folositi cuvintele noi pentru completarea urmiitoarelor propozitii in limba engleza:
Acestc unelte sunt foarte scumpe. - These> tools are> very expensive.
Primavara copacii sunt verzi. - In > spring the trees are green.
Dou1i dacHlografe lucreaza in biroul nostru. - Two > typists work in our office.
Mergeti des la meciuri de fotbal? - Do you often go to > football matches?
Magazinul acestui brutar este pe colt. - This> baker's shop is in the comer.
Mama mea este infirmiera. - My mother is a> nurse.
Toamna fmnzele sunt galbene. - In > autumn the leaves are yellow.
Cite~te aceasta revistii! - Read this> magazine!
Adu-mi zjaml (meu)! - Bring me my > newspaper!
Iar acum vom invata alte verbe neregulate:
do >[du:] did >( did] done >[dan]
drive >[draiv] drove >(drauv] driven >[drivn]
speak >(spi:k] spoke >(spouk] spoken >(spoukn]
take >(telk] took >(tuk] taken >(telkn]
read >[ri:d] read >(red] read >[red]
write >(rait] wrote >(rout) written >[ritn]
25
Sa introducem aceste verbe in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
He did it yesterday. - El a fiicut asta ieri.
A year ago we drove to England. - In urma cu un an noi am fost cu m~ina in

Anglia.
The nurse spoke with her friend last week. - Infmniera a vorbit cu prietena sa
saptamilna trecuta.
Yesterday I took the children to school. - leri am dus copiii la ~coala.
I read this book many years ago. -Am citit aceasta carte cu multi ani in
urma.
My husband wrote a letter to his sister. - Sotul meu i-a scris 0 scrisoare surorii sale.
lata un exercitiu de verificare. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Saptamilna trecuta sora lui i-a scris 0 > Last week his sister wrote a long letter
scrisoare lunga. to him.
Ei ne-au luat ieri toti banii. > They took all our money yesterday.
Atunci el a plecat cu ma~ina. > Then he drove.

leri am citit 0 scrisoare frumoasa. > Yesterday I read a nice letter.
Am vorbit cu ei acum doua zile. > We spoke to them two days ago.
Ei au fiicut asta ieri. > They did it yesterday.
La sfiir~itul caietului de curs yeti gasi lista tuturor verbelor neregulate invatate pilna acum.
In lectia anterioarii ati afTat cum se formeazii interogativul \vi negativul verbului to be la timpul
trecut simplu (Simple Past). Acum veti inviitaformarea interogativului ~i a negativului altor verbe la
acest timp. Asemiiniitor timpului prezent (Simplc Present), ~i la timpul trecutfolosim un verb auxiliar.
Acest verb auxiliar este verbul to do la trecut ~i anume did [did].
Retineti structura propozitiei:
Verb auxiliar + pronume personal + verb la timpul + ...

sau substantiv prezent
Did you/the student read this book yesterday?
Nu uitafi!
lnpropozifiile in care folosim verbul auxiliar did, verbul de conjugat este la prezent, lara particula
to.
lata ciiteva exemple:
Mary saw John yesterday.
Did Mary see John yesterday? > [did mean si: djon iestardei] - L-a viizut Mary pc John ieri?
26
They smoked many cigarettes last year.
Did they smoke many > [ did DZei smauk meni - Ei au fumat multe tigari anul
cigarettes last year? sigarets la:st iili'] trecut?
She drank too much beer last night.
Did she drink too much beer > [did ~i: drin(g)k tu: mat~ - A baut ea prea multa bere
last night? bili' la: st nait] searaJnoaptea trecuta?
Retineti urmatorul complement de timp:
last night - ieri searalnoapte
Raspunsurile afirmative Ie formulam folosind euviintul yes, urmat de forma eorespunzatoare a

pronumelui personal ~i de verbul auxiliar. Propozitiile negative euprind euviintul no, pronumele
personal, .fiirma eorespunztitoare a verbului auxiliar ~i euviintul not. Construetia did not poate ji
preseurlata subforma didn't [didnt].
De cxcmplu:
The nurse gave l11e a newspaper yesterday.
Did the nurse give 1110 a newspaper - Mi-a dat ieri infmniera un ziar?
yesterday?
Yes, she did. >1;0S ~i: did] -Da.
No, she didn't. >Inau ~i: didnt] -Nu.
They wanted to go there last year.
Did they want to go there last year? - Au vrut ei sa mearga acolo anul trecut?
Yes, they did. >[ ics IYei didl -Da.
No, they didn't. >[nau lYe; didnq -Nu.
Acum formulati intrebari, raspunsuri aJinnative ~i negative la unnatoarele propozitii:
She worried about her son yesterday. ,_. > Ilid she worry about her son yesterday?
,,00Yes, > she did.
- No, > she didn't.
You took the money. - > Did you take the money?
- Yes, > I did.
- No, > I didn't.
My daughter did it two days ago. - > Did my daughter do it two days ago?
- Yes, > she did.
- No, > she didn't.
They ate too much bread yesterday. - > Did they eat too much bread yesterday?
- Yes, > they did.
- No, > they didn't.
27
Did you take
the money?
o
In cazul fntrebarilor fn care se cer detalii sau completari, pronumele interogativ se pune inaintea
cuvfmtului did:
John went home yesterday. Where did John go yesterday? - Dnde s-a dus John ieri?
She wanted these books. What did she want? - Ce a vrut ea?
They listened to music last When did they listen to - Cand au ascultat ei
night. music? muzica?
Retincti cit structura acclor intrebari in care figureaza pronumele

interogativ who cstc ceu u unei propozitii afirmative, de aceea verbul se
ana la forma a JI-a (Simple Past)/torma de afirmativ:
Peter spokc to mc - Peter a vorbit cu mine
last Sunday. duminica trecuta.
Whb spoke to me - Cine a vorbit cu mine
last Sunday? duminica trecuta?
We opened the shop - Noi am deschis magazinul
last week. saptamana trecuta.
Who opened the shop - Cine a deschis magazinul
last week? saptamana trecuta?
Sa folosirn cele invatate traducand in lirnba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
Dnde a lucrat aceasta infirmiera anul trecut? >Where did this nurse work last year?
Aceste dactilografe i~i iubeau munca? >Did these typists like their work?
Cine s-a dus in Anglia prirnavara trecuta? >Who went to England last spring?
Aceste ziare ~i reviste au fost pe masa >Were this newspapers and magazines
in bucatarie? on the table in the kitchen?
Jeri ai dus uneltele in magazie? > Did you take the tools to the shed yesterday?
Ai vazut sufrageria lor? > Did you see their dining-room?
Unde s-au dus ieri parinlii Mariei? > Where did Mary's parents go yesterday?
Ai luat ieri micul dejun? > Did you have breakfast yesterday?
Cine a oprit circulatia? > Who stopped the traffic?
Sa 1l1vatam allc cutcva cuvinte noi. Citili-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenli la pronuntie:
again >[agein], [agen] - din nou, iara~i, mca 0 data
before >[bifo:'] - inainte de, mai inainte
busy >[bizi] - ocupat
ready >[redi] - gata
full >[ful] - plin, mcarcat
'Q till >[ til] - pana la, pana ce
too >[tu:] - de asemenea, ~i
to watch >[tu Uot~] - a se uita, a veghea, a paudi
the other >[D'i aDZa'] - eeialalt, cealaita (ceilaW, ceIelalte)
Completa(i propozitiile m limba engleza folosind cuvintele noi:
EI a l()st aici inainte de luni. - He was here> before Monday.
Ea I-a vazut ~i pe el. - She saw him, > too.
E~ti gata'? Trebuie sa mergem. - Are you> ready? We must go.
Aceste doua ma~ini sunt frumoase dar -- These two cars are nice but> the other
cealalta este mai buna. is better.
Autobuzul era plin eu oameni. - The bus wa..~ > full ofpeople.
Uite! Pasarea cantil din nou! - Look! The bird is singing> again!
Sunt prea oeupat ca sa merg cu tine - I'm too> busy to go with you to the cinema.
la einematograf.
Dumneavoastra trebuie sa Iucrati pana la - You must work> till five o'clock.
ora einci.
Te-ai uitat ieri Ia meci? - Did you> watch the match yesterday?
29
Retineti urmatoarea expresie in limba engleza:
Here you are. >[hia' iu: a:'] - Poftiti/Poftim.

(Este aici).
De exemplu:
Give me that book, please. - Dati-mi cartea aceea, va rog.
Here you are. - Poftiti.
Urmeaza alte cuvinte ~i expresii noi:
all sorts of >[ 0: 1 so:'ts ov] - de toate felurile, de tot felul
all kinds of >[ 0: 1 kaindz ov] - de toate tipOOle, de toate

felOOle
My father liked all sorts >[mai fa:Dza' lalkt 0:1 so:'ts - Tatalui meu ii placeau toatt-.
of books. ov buks] felOOle de clifti.
Yesterday we visited all >[iesta'dei ui: vizitid 0:1 - leri am vizitat tot felul
kinds of shops. kaindz ov ~ops] de magazine.
How are you? >[hau a:' iu:] - Ce mai faci?
In ultima intrebare a exercitiului anterior ne putem referi ~i la alte persoane.
De exemplu:
Cum este el?/Ce mai face el? >Jlow is he?
Cum sunt ei'?/Ce mai tac ci'? >How are they?
Cum este fratele tau?/Cc mai face fratclc tau? >How is your brother?
Sa ne intoarcem acum la regulile timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past Tense). Forma prescurtata
negativa didn't sau forma intreaga did not poate fi folosita ~i in propozifii afirmative. Fifi atenfi
fntotdeauna la faptul cli in cazul in care cuvantul did esie prezent in propozifie, atunci verbul
principal se folose~te fara particula to, deci la forma I din dicfionar.
He didn't see his children >[hi: didnt si: hiz t~ildran - EI nu ~i-a vamt ieri copiii.
yesterday. iesUi'dei]
My mother's friend didn't >[mai maDza'z frend didnt - Prietenul mamei mele uu
come to us last week. kam tu as la:st ui:k] a venit la uoi saptamana trecuta.
30
Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele propozitii:
Atunci nu I-am inteles. > I didn't understand him then.
Nu au vrut sa cautc asta ieri. > They didn't want to look for it yesterday.
Parintii mei nu au uitat sa rna viziteze ieri. > My parents didn't forget to visit me
yesterday.
Nu S-ll lasat de fumat ciind a fost in spital. > He didn't stop smoking when he was
in hospital.
So\ia mea nu ~i-a pus aee~ti pantofi verzi ieri. >My wife didn't put on these green shoes
yesterday.
in exerd\illl lIrmiitor vom recapitula prima parte a leetiei:
Ciind IIi vilzut acest meci? > When did you see this match?
EI a avul tot lclul de unelte. > He had all kinds of tools.
Acest 011\ II (1St brutar? > Was this man a baker?
De ce ui condlls ieri a ma~ina? > Why did you drive a ear yesterday?
Cine u scds scrisoarea aceasta? > Who wrote this letter?
Cum IIlI li1cut asta? > How did they do it?
leri noi IlU 11m baut bere. > We didn't drink beer yesterday.
Ai dOt desprc usta ieri in ziar? > Did you read about it in the newspaper
yesterday?
Ce mai Jilci'l >Howareyou?
leri am Ibst prell oClipat ca sa vorbese eu tine. > Yesterday I was too busy to talk with you.
La ce orill-uti vilzlIt dumneavoastra pe > What timo did you sec the other man?
eelalalt om?
I-ai mul\umit ieri surorii tale pentru eartea asta? > Did you thank your sister for this book
yesterday?
6 incheiere, cxersati-va pronuntia cu ajutorul unnatoarelor seturi de cuvinte care contin acel~i sunet:
[au] [u:] [au] [ei]
brown shoe smoke table
town too no take
our room so wait
hour do go day
tower two know plane

LECTIA
, 10 - PARTEA A DOVA
Cititi dialogurile unnatoare ~i exersati-va cu atentie pronuntia. Cuvintele ~i silabele care trebuie
accentuate sunt scrise ingro~at:
John: Can I talk to your husband for a minute or two?

Mary: I think you can't. My husband went to our daughter at a quarter to six.
John: Why did he go there?
Mary: He wanted to buy a bookcase and a lamp for her in the shop opposite our house.
Tom: What did Peter do after he came home?

Barbara: He went to the hospital where his mother was.
Tom: Did he stay long with his mother?
Barbara: No, he didn't. He talked to her and they listened to the radio together.
Mary: Were you at home yesterday?

Peter: Yes, I was, but I wanted to go to the cinema.
Mary: Did you go?
Peter: No, I didn't. My friend visited me. We stayed at home. We wanted to watch a
football match.
John: What did you do last week?

Barbara: On Monday I read a letter. It was a very nice letter.
John: Did you go to work on Tuesday?
Barbara: Yes, I did. I had a lot of work to do and I was very busy. I wrote all sorts ofletters.
John: Are you a typist?
Barbara: Yes, I am. [ lII<c this work.
Mary: Did you have time to talk to John last week?

Peter: Yes,Idid.
Mary: How is he?
Peter: He is aU right. On Wednesday he stopped smoking.
Mary: Did he also stop drinking beer?
Peter: Yes, he did.
Barbara: Tom, where did you live when you were a little boy?
Tom: When I was a little boy I lived in a little house with my parents.
Barbara: Did your parents have a garden, too?
Tom: Yes, they did. The garden was very nice. We liked to eat in the garden.
Barbara: And what about animals?
Tom: My parents kept geese and sheep in the garden, so many children visited me then.
John: Mary, come downstairs!
Mary: I'm coming!
John: Can you see that car in front of the shop on the corner?
Mary: Yes, I can. It was opposite our house yesterday. Whose car is it?
John: It's my friend's car. Yesterday I wanted to buy it.
Mary: Did you buy it?
John: No, I didn't.
Mary: Why'!
John: Because it was too expensive.
Barbara: Is Tom at home'!

Peter: No, hu isn't. Tom is still working.
Barbara: I SIIW him at nine in the morning.
Peler: Usually he gets up at nine in the morning, but today he had breakfast at seven.
Barham: Did he have time to go for a walk with your dog?
Pekr: No, he dido't. After breakfast he went to work.
Mary: What did you have for dinner yesterday?

TOIll: r had some potatoes and some tomatoes.
John: 1 have a letter for you. Here you are.

Barhul'll: Thank you.
In ultilllul excreiliu vom reeapitula intregul material allecjiilor noua ~i zece. Dupa ce aji rezolvat
tara grc~cul1\ acesl cxercijiu, puteji trece la tema pentru acasii:
SO\lIi mell a cinat ieri in camera de zi. > My husband ate dinner in the living-room
yesterday.
Ai vilZut aeeslc plante in griidina? > Did you see these plants in the garden?
Nu ei au facul llccastii biblioteca. > They didn't make this bookcase.
Trebuie sit v()rbe~lj cu sora lui John. > You must talk to John's sister.
Ciim vreme ai ritmas acolo atunei? > How long did you stay there then?
leri nu au fast la luem. > They weren't at work yesterday.
Cine a avut patm neveste? > Who had four wives?
Dupa eina mergem la cinema. > After dinner we are going to the cinema.
El nu s-a sculat inainte de rnicul dejun. > He didn't get up before breakfast.
Biblioteca noastra are douasprezece rafturi. > Our bookcase has twelve shelves.
I-am intrebat pe politi~ti despre strada aceasta. > I asked the policemen about this street.
De unde ai cumpiirat acest televizor? > Where did you buy this television set?
33
Atunei am avut multe pasari in gradina. ->VIe had many birds in the garden then.
Luna a stralueit ieri? ;Did the moon shine yesterday?
Am ineereat sa fae asta anul trecut. :;l tried to do this last year.
Acest ziar este foarte bun. >This newspaper is very good.
Cine rni-a baut eeaiul? ->VVho drank my tea?
Ciind au venit ei? ->VVhen did they come?
Ai auzit ieri despre asta? ;Did you hear about it yesterday?
Casa aceasta a fost plina de oameni. >This house was full of people.
"2,1
, 10
10.1. Interogativul ~i negatia la timpul treeut simplu (Simple Past):
10.1.1. La timpul treeut simplu formulam interogativul folosind verbul auxiliar did, (eare este
forma de treeut a verbului to do).
Structura propozitiei:
Verb + Pronume personal + verb la + _.

allxllillr sau substantiv timpllI prezent
Did you/the boy read this book yesterday?
Mary saw John yesterday. - Mary I-a vamt ieri pe John.
Did Mary see John yesterday? - L-a viizut Mary pe John ieri?
10.1.2. Rl)spunsurile afirmative Ie formuHim eu ajutorul eonstructiei yes + pronume

personal + verb auxiliar. Raspunsurile negative au structura no + pronume personal
I vcrb auxiliar+ not. Forma did not 0 putemprescurta didn't
The nurse gave me a newspaper - Ifi

n lrmlera \. da"
' illl-a .
t len un Zlar.
yesterday.
I)id the nurse give me a news- - Mi-a dat ieri infirmiera un ziar?
paper yesterday?
Yes, she did. -Da.

No, she didn't. -Nu.
10.1.3. Lll l<ll'lnularea intrebarilor care cer completare, pronumele interogativ trece maintea
vcrbu lui auxiliar did.
John went home yesterday. - John s-a dus ieri acasa.
Where did John go yesterday? - Unde s-a dus ieri John?
I0.1.4. ~lrlletura interogativului format cu ajutorul pronumelui interogativ who este

identica eu cea a propozitiilor afrrmative, de accea verbul se afla la forma a II-a, dcci
III timpul treeut simplu:
Peter spoke to me last Sunday. -- Peter a vorbit cu mine duminica trecutii.
Who spoke to me last Sunday? - Cine a vorbil cu mine duminica trecutii?
10.2. Expresii utile:
all sorts of - de toate felurile/soiurile, de tot felul
all kinds of - de toate tipurile, de toate felurile
How arc you? - Ce mai faci?
Here you arc. - Poftiti! Poftim! (cand dam ceva)
35
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 10
A Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii:
1. I wasn't at school two weeks ago.
2. Why did you go to John yesterday?
3. What did these policemen want?
4. How is your mother today?
5. Who worked in the garden last Monday?
6. There are all sorts of cars in that shop.
1. Unde afost el noaptea trecuta?

2. Cine v-a pus durnneavoastra aceasta intrebare?
3. Ei au fost ieri la eel mai bun restaurant din ora~.
4. Ea nu a vrut sa ne pIateasca.
5. Cand te-ai sculat?
6. leri am pIatit aceste ro~ii.
C. Corectati grc~clile din propozitiile de mai jos:
1. Who did open that door?
2. They didn't be at home yesterday.
3. I sawall kind of small animals.
4. We want to be firemans.
5. I want to keep two oxen and ten sheeps in the garden.
6. She has no knifes in the kitchen.

LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE
Forma I Forma a II-a Forma a III-a
Infmitiv Simple Past Past Participle
bring - a aducc, a duce brought >[brcd] brought >[bro:t]
come -- a sosi, a veni came >[kcim] come >[kam]
cut -a tilia, a tundc cut >rkat] cut >[kat]
do a lilee, a sc ocupa cu did >[did] done >[dan]
drink l\ hea drank > ~rEn(glk] drunk > [dran(glk]
drive a conduce, a mana drove >[drouv] driven >[drivn]
eat - a manca ate >[ eit] eaten >[i:tn]
fly a zbura flew >[flu:] flown >[floun]
forget a nita forgot >[forgot] forgotten >[forgotn]
get a obtine, a face rost got >[got] got >[got]
give II da, a darui gave >[geiv] given >[givn]

/
go a merge, a umbla went >[Uent] gone >[gan]
have - a avea had >[hEd] had >[hEd]
hear a auzi heard >[ha:'d] heard >[ha:rd]
keep II tine, a pastra kept >[kept] kept >[kept]
know II ~ti, a cuno~te knew >[niu:] known >[noun]
make II face, a confectiona made >[meid] made >[meid]
pay a plati paid >[peid] paid >[peid]
put a pune, a a~eza put >[put] put >[put]
read ,- II citi read >[red] read >[red]
see a vcdea saw >[so:] seen >[si:n]
send a trimite sent >[ sent] sent >[sent]
shine '" a straluci, a lumina shone >[shaun] shone >[shaun]
sing -- a canta sang >[sEn(gl] sung >[san(gl]
sit - a ~edea, a sta ~ezat sat >[sEt] sat >[sEt]
speak - a vorbi spoke >[spauk] spoken >[spiiukn]
take - a prinde, a lua took >[tuk] taken >[teikn]
teach -apreda taught >[to:t] taught >[to:t]
think - a gandi thought >[T'o:t] thought >[T'o:t]
understand - a intelege, understood >[ anda'stud] understood >[ancta'stud]

apricepe
write -a scrie wrote >[raut] written >[ritn]
37
, 9 SIlO
,
after > [a:fm'] - dupa, dupa aceea
again > [agein], [agen] - din nou, iara~i, inca 0 data
ago > [agau] - in unna (cu), acum...
autumn > [o:tam] - toarnna
in autumn > [in o:tam] - toarnna
baker > [belkar] - bmtar
before > [bifo:,] - inainte de, mai inainte

bird > [ba:rd] - pasare
bookcase > [bukkeis] - raft, biblioteca

,~
breakfast > [brekfast] - micdejun

busy > [bizi] - ocupat
cellar > [sela'] - pivnita, beci
child/children > [t~aild]/[ t~ildran] - copil/copii /

cinema > [sinama] - cinema(tograf)
comer > [ko:rnar] - colt

deer > [dia'] - caprioara, caprioare
dining-room dinner > [dainin(g) ru:m] - sufragerie
dinner > [dinar] - masa (principala), pranz,

cina, dineu
downstairs > [daunstcarz] - la parter, jos
to go downstairs > [lu gou daunsteiFz] - a cobori (la parter),

a merge (in) jos
every > [cvri] - fiecare
fireman/firemen > [ rlliii'"mcn]1{ faiarman] - pompier/pompieri
football > [futbo:l] - fotbal
front > [frant] - partea din fata/de

in front of > [in frant ov] - in fata, dinaintea
full > [full - plin, ineareat

to get up > [tu get ap] - a se scula din pat, a se
ridica in picioare
goose/geese > [gu:s]l{gi:s] - gascalga~te

halflhalves > [ha:f]l{ha:vz] - jumatate/jumatati
to have breakfast > [tu hEv brekfust] - a lua mieul dejun
here you are > [hiar iu: a:'1 - Poftiti! Poftim! (cand dam ceva)
How are you? > [hau a: r iu:] - Ce mai faci? Cum te mai simti?
hospital >[hospitl] - spital, clinica
husband >[hazband] - sot
kind >[kaind] - fel, tip
all kinds of >[ 0: 1 kaindz ov] - de toate tipurile, de toate felurile
knife/knives >[' nail]/[naivz] - cutit/cutite
lamp >111',111]1] -lampa
last >Ila:sll - ultim, (cel) din urma, trecut
leaf/leaves >['li:l"\~ li:vz] - fiunzalfrunze
life/lives .>lllliIH laivz] - viatalvieti
living-room :>llIvin(!-'l nun] - camera de zi
loaf/loaves >[ IOlll"\~ Inllv/I - franzela, paine (de 0 anurnita

fonna)/franzele
magazine ;~[ 1\, I':gozl:ii 1 -- revista, magazin
to make :-1 t 1I moil. I a thee, a confectiona
malch :'IIIIHl~1
the moOIl >11 Yo 1lI11:nl IUllll
mouse/mice >[ J1H1US]!I l1Iuis] ~oarCCC/~Ollrccj
newspaper >[niu:speipar ] - ziar, gazetll
nurse >[na:rs] - infmniera, sora
opposite >[ opazit] - vizavi de, de partea cealalta
the other >[DZiaDza'] - celalalt, cealalta (ceilalp.,

celelalte)
ox/oxen >[ oks]ll oksn) - bou/boi
parents >[peariints) - parinti
to park >[tu pa:'k) - a parca, a stationa
plant >[pla:nt), [plEnt) - planta
policeman/policemen >[pali:smEn]i[pali:sman] - politistlpoliti~ti
policewoman/policewomen >[pali:sUrnan) [pali:s"imin] - femei politistlfemeie politist
postman/postmen >[paustmEn)tIpaustman)
potato/potatoes >[pateitou)tIpateitouz) -j carto:ti'cartofi
to put on >(tu put on] - a se imbraca, a ~eza
quarter >[kuor:tit] - sfert, sfert de ceas/ora
ready >[redi] - gata, pregatit
seat >[ si:t] - loc de stat, scaun
shed >[~ed] - ~opron, ~ura
39
sheep > [~i:p ] - oaie, oi
shel£'shelves > [~elfJl[ ~elvz] - raft/rafturi
shirt > [~a:'t] - cama~a
sock > [sok] - ~oseta
sort > [~o:'t] - fel, tip
all sorts of > [0: 1 so:'ts ov] - de toate feIuriIe, de tot feIul
spring > [sprin(g)] - primavara, primavaratic
in spring > [in sprin(g)] - primavara
to stay > [tu stei] - a ramane, a sta
still > [stil] - inca, mai
television set > [telivijn set] - televizor
thing > [T'in Cg)] - lucru, obiect /~
tie > [tai] .- cravata
till > [til] - pana la, pana ce
tomato/tomatoes > [tama:tou]/[ tama:touz] - ro~ie/ro~ii, tomate
too .> [tu:] - de asemenea, ~i
tool > [tu:l] - uneaIta, scula
tooth/tecth > [tu:T']{ti:T'] - dinte/dinti
TV set > [ti:vi: sct] - televizor
typist > [taipist] - dactilografii
to watch > [Ill "ot~] - a se uita, a veghea, a pandi
wife/wives > ["ail]lt"aivz] - sotie, nevast1ilsotii, neveste
yesterday > [iesl<I'dei], [iesta'di] - ieri
40
RECAPITULARE
I. Simple Present Tense (prezentul simplu) se folose~te pentru a exprima aqiuni obi~nuite,
repetabile. Unele verbe se folosesc doar la prezentul simplu, acestea neavand forma continua.
He often goes to the cmema.
Do you sometimes visit your mother?
They don't like to listen to the radio.
2. Folosim Present Continuous Tense (prezentul continuu) pentru descrierea acelor actiuni care
se desTa~oara chiar in momentul vorbirii, respectiv pentru descrierea aqiunilor diferite de cele
obi~nuite. Complementele de timp utilizate cu acest timp verbal sunt: now, this (week, month,
year), today. Acela~i tllnp se folose~te pentru descrierea actiunilor care se vor desTa~ura in
viitorul apropiat. De exemplu:
Mary and John are having breakfast now.
Is he eating at a restaurant this week?
We are not gomg to England next week.
3. Folosim Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu) pentru exprimarea unei aetiuni care s-a
desfa~urat
la un moment definit in trecut. De exemplu:
We watched a good film yesterday.
Where did you go last year?
She didn't show me her house when I visited her last week.
4. Conjugarea verbulul to have:

have we have
you have you have
he has they have
she has
it has
LECTIA " "
11- PARTEA INTAI
,
Sa invatam cateva cuvinte referitoare la vreme:
cold > [kauld] - rece, racoros
the sky > [DZa skai] - cerul
cloud > [klaud] - nor
fog > [fog] - ceata
wind > [Uind] - vant
strong > [stron(g)] - tare, putemic
heat > [hi:t] - caldura (putemica),

canicula
temperature > [ temprit~ar] - temperatura, febra
weather-forecast > [lI eD Za r fo:rka:st] - prognoza vremn,

buletin meteorologic
shawl > [~o:]] - qarra
coat > [kaut] - haina, sacou
boot > [bu:t] - gheata, cizma
Repetati cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine; fiti atenti la pronuntie:
heat > [hi:t] - caldura (putemica),

canicula
coat > [but] - haina, sacou

At
fog > [fog] - ceata
cold > [kauld] - rece, racoros
shawl > [WI] - e~arra
weather-forecast > [UeD/a r fo:rka:st] - prognoza vremii,

temperature > [ temprit~ar] - temperatura, febra
boot > [bu:t] - gheata, cizma
wind > [Uind] - vant
2
Cititi cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii in care au fost introduse cuvintele noi:
It's very cold today. > [Its veri kiiuld tadei] - Azi este foarte rece.
Put on your coat. > [put on io:' kautJ - Pune-ti haina.
The wind was strong > [D/a "ind "oz stron ig ) - leri vantul a fost puternic.
yesterday. iestardeiJ
She doesn't like heat. > [~i: daznt laik hi:tJ - Ei nu-i place caldura.
We want to listen to the > ["I: "ont tu liSll tu DZa - Vrem sa ascultam buletinul
weather-forecast. "eD/ar fo:'ka:stJ meteorologic.
There are many clouds > [D/ea' a: r mcni klaudz - Sunt multi nori pe cer.
in the sky. III D7a skalJ
This is my best shawl. > [DZis iz mai best :;;o:IJ - Aceasta este e~arfa mea cea
mai buna.
Do you like high > l du iu: laik hal - Iti plac temperaturile ridicate?
temperatures? tcmpri t~a' z]
There is usually fog > [D/ea' lZ 1U:J uali fog - De obicei iarna este ceata.
in winter. in "in tar)
Where are my boots? > ["ear a:rmai bu:tsJ - Unde imi sunt cizmele?
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte invatate:
Nu 0 vad in ceata. - I don't see her in the> fog.
Ce temperatura este in mai? - What > temperature is it in May?
Azi cerul este albastru. - The> sky is blue today.
Este haina lui? - Is it his >coat?
Lor Ie place caldura. - They like> heat.
Luna este acoperita de nori. - The moon is behind the >clouds.
Poti citi prognoza vremii in ziar. - You can read the >weather-forecast in
the newspaper.
Sunt scumpe aceste cizme? - Are these >boots expensive?
El a vrut sa-mi cumpere 0 e~arIa ieri. - He wanted to buy me a >shawl yesterday.
Nu-mi place vantul puternic. - I don't like >strong wind.
Nu-i da (lui) ceai rece! - Don't give him >coJd tea!
3
Tata mi-a cumparat ieri 0 e~arra > My father bought me a vcry nIce shawl
foarte frumoasa. yesterday
Soarele este sus pe cer? > Is the sun hIgh in the sky?
Luna trecuta a fost canicula. > Last month we had heat.
Copiii no~tri au febra mare. > Our children have a hIgh temperature.
Trebuie sa cumpar cizme. > I must buy boots.
Ieri a fost rece? > Was It cold yesterday?
La ce ora este buletinul meteorologic > What time IS the weather-forecast

la radio? on the radIO'!
Vantul este prea puternic azi. > The wind IS too strong today.
Pot sa imbrac aceasta haina? > Can I put on this coat?
Nu pot vedea soarele printre nori. > I can't see the sun through the clouds.
Azi este ceata la Londra. > There IS fog in London today.
Retinetl expresia:
in the sky - pe cer
Articolul nehotardt a/an este folosit intotdeauna inain tea substantivelor care denumesc ocupafii,
religii sau nafionalitii!i. De exemplu:
She is a typist. - Ea este dactilograra.
My sister is a nurse. - Sora mea este infirmiera.
He is a baker. - El este brutar.
I am a Catholic. - Eu sunt catolica.
Her husband is an American. - Sotul ei este american.
Cdnd vorbim despre 0 funcfie care poate fi indeplinitii doar de 0 singurii persoana, atund putem
neglija folosirea articolului hotiirdt the.
Who is president of Romania? - Cine este pre~edintele Romaniei?
Who is the president of Romania? - Cine este pre~edintele Romaniei?
in Propozifiile anterioare apar ~i cdteva cuvinte noi:
Catholic > [kETSlik] - catolic (de religie)
president > [prezidant] - pre~edinte
Numele proprzi ;;i adjectivele provenite din acestea se scriu intotdeauna cu litera mare In limba
englezii.
4
in aceasta lecrie vomface cuno\~tinra cu un timp nou: Present Perfect Tense [prezant pii:rfikt tens],
adica prezentul perfect. Acest timp se confunda deseori cu Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu),
de aceea va sugeram sa acordari 0 atenrie deosebita folosirii sale.
Inainte de a continua, repetati verbele neregulate prezentate la sfar~itullectiei 10.
Folosim Present Perfect in ca::ul unor evenimente care s-au terminat chiar acum sau ceva mai
devreme, sau care au inceput in trecut (de exemplu: last week) $i se continua \~i in prezent (cu
repercusiuni asupra prezentului). De multe ori, momentul desfii$uriirii acriunii nu este specificat cu
exactitate.
Construcria propoziriei la timpul Present Pefect este urmiitoarea:
Pronume + verbul + forma a III-a + ...

personal auxiliar a verbului
sau substantiv have/has principal
She has bought a dog. - Ea ~i-a cumparat un caine.

have seen that house. - Am vazut casa aceea.
We have been at home. - Noi am fost acasa.
in propozirie. verbul auxiliar este reprezentat de forma corespunziitoare a verbului to have, care nu
poate fi tradusa ad literam.
in cazul unui verb regulat. la fel ca $i in cazul timpului Simple Past, verbului se adaugii sufixul
-d sau -ed.
Cititi propozitiile unnatoare:
I have had a temperature. > [ai hEv hEd a tcmprit~arJ - Am avut febra.
She has taught me English. - Ea mi-a predat engleza.
My parents have smoked > [mal ]1carants hEv smaukt - Parintii mei au fumat
a lot of cigarettes. a lot av sigaretsJ o multime de tigari.
I have known about his > [al hEv noun abaut hlz - $tiam de mama lui.
mother. malY ~11 J
She has looked for her coat. >[~i: hEz lukt 1'0:' ha: r kautJ - Ea ~i-a cautat haina.
They have waited for > [[Yel hEv "c/tld 1'0.' - Ei m-au a~teptat acasa.
me at home. mi: Et haumJ
5
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in Iimba engleza:
Te-am a~teptat timp indelungat. - I> have v.aitedfor you a long time.
Am auzit des pre asta. - We> have heard about it.
Ne-au dat 0 ma~ina foarte frumoasa. - They> have gIven us a very nice car.
Tata mi-a scris 0 scrisoare. - Father> has \\ rittena letter to me.
Ei mi-au cerut bani. - They> have askedme for money.
Traduceti in Iimba engleza unnatoarele propozitii, folosind prezentul perfect:
I-am scris 0 scrisoare (lui). > I have wntten a letter to hun.
Am vorbit cu ei. > We have talked to them.
Am auzlt la radiO buletmul meteorologic. > We hay c heard the \\ eather-forecast

on the radiO.
A fost foarte frig. > II has heen \ el) cold.
M-am giindit la asta. > J hay e thought <lbout It.
I-am cerut (ei) e~arfa mea. > I ha\'c asked hel for my sha\\ I.
Noi am adus aceste ziare. > \""c hay c brought thesc ncwspapers.
Noi am lucrat cu ace~ti oameni. > Wc have worked w1th these people.
Ai baut prea multa bere. > YOli h'1\ e (II link to mllch bee!.
Ea a venit la noi cu 10hn. > She has come to us with 10hn,
Am uitat sa-ti aduc asta. > I have forgotten to bring you this.
A!dturi de cOlllp!emente!e de timp this ... (week, month, ... ), today, tonight, fo!osim timpu! Present
Perfect. 1~1 aceste ca::uri vorbim despre evenimente care s-au petrecut in trecut, dar care au !egiiturd
cu pre::entu!. Aceste comp!emente de timp se giisesc !a inceputu! sau !a .~far~itul propozi{iei De
exemp!u:
I have been at home today. > [al hEy bi:n Et haum tadei] - Azi am fost acasa.
We have been at the cinema > [UI: hEv bl.n Et lYa sinama -In seara aceasta (noi) am fost
tonight. tanalt] la cinematograf.
Today I have worked > al hEv U a Ikt

[ta(!<~1 - Azi (eu) am lucrat in gradina,
in the garden. in D/a ga:1dn]
She has done her homework > [SI: hEz dan ha: 1 haumllo:1k - Ea ~i-a Iacut temele
this week. D/IS lll:k] saptamiina aceasta.
6
Completati propozitiile in hmba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului (Ia Present Perfect):
Azi am cumparat flori. - I >havc bought flowers today.
Saptamana asta ne-am vizitat parintil. - This week we >havc visited our parents.
Anul acesta am platit casa. ~ We >havc p,lId for the house this year.
Am trimis aceasta scrisoare saptamana - I >havc sent this letter this week.
aceasta.
Luna aceasta am vazut cateva - This month we >havc watched

filme la televizor. some films on TV.
Azi am vorbit cu sora mea. - I >have talked to my sister today.
Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele propozitii:
Parintil no~tri au plecat azi in Anglia. > Our pal ents have gone to England today.
Saptamana aceasta am cumparat un sacou > This \vcek I have bought a coat and a shawl.
~i 0 e~arfa.
In seara acesta Maria a vizitat-o pe sora > Mary has \ ISlted her husband' S sister tOl1lght.
sotului el.
Azi am vorbit cu tata. > We ha\ e talked to our father today.
Saptamana aceasta am avut febra. > I ha\ e had a temperature this \\ eek.
Vara a fost foarte racoroasa in acest an. > The summer has been very cold thIS year.
In aceasta seara i-am scris 0 scrisoare > Tonight I havc \\ ntten a letter to my friend.
prietenului meu.
Anul acesta (noi) am fost la Londra. > ThiS yeal wc have been Il1 London.
Sora mea a predat engleza anul acesta. > My sister has taught English tIllS year.
In aceasta saptamana am lucrat dupa amiaza. > ThiS \\ eek we ha\ e worked Il1 the afternoon.
lata alte cuvinte noi legate de starea vremii:
outside > [auts31l1] - afara
foggy > [fogi] - cetos
to blow > [tu bbu] - a sufla, a bate (despre vant)
sunny > [sanl] - insorit
low > [lau] - JOS
awful > [o:ll] ~ crancen, teribil, ingrozitor
windy > [Uindl] - vantos, cu mult vant
cloudy > [k13u(li] - noros (innorat)
7
Repetati cuvintele intr-o alta ordine:
awful > [o:tl] - erfmeen, teribil, ingrozitor
windy > ["indi] - vantos, eu mult vant
low > [lau] - JOS
sunny > [sam] - insorit
outside > [autsaid] - afara
cloudy > [klaudi] - noras, innorat
foggy > [fogl] - eetos
~
Verbul to blow este un verb neregulat. Cele trei forme ale sale sunt urmatoarele:
blow > [blau] blew > [bIu:] blown > [bHiun]
Am introdus euvintele noi in urmatorul dialog. Cititi propozitiile ~i aeordati 0 deosebita atentie
pronuntiei:
What weather was it > ["ot "cDZa! "oz it - Cum a fost vremea ieri?
yesterday? Icstafdet]
It was awful. We had a lot > [It "OZo:tl "i: hEd a lot - A fost ingrozitoare. A plouat'
of rain. 3\ rem] foarte multo
Did the sun shine? > [did DZa san ~am] - Soarele a stralueit?
No, it didn't. The sky > [nau It didnt DZa skai - Nu. Cerul a fost foarte innorat.
was very cloudy. "OZ ven klaudi]
Was the temperature low? > ["oz DZa tempnt~af lau] - Temperatura a fost seazuta?
Yes, it was very low. > [ies it U oz veri lau - Da, a fost foarte seazuta.
And it was windy. End it U oz "indi] ~i a fost vant.
Was it foggy? > [U oz it fogi] - A fost eeata?
Yes, in the morning. > lies III DZa mo:'nin lgl ] - Da, dimineata.
Did you go outside > [did iu: gau autsald - Ai fost ieri afara?
yesterday? iestafdelj
No, I stayed at home all day. > [nau ai steid Et haum 0:1 - Nu, am stat toata ziua acasa.
del]
8
Verifieati daea ati retinut euvintele noi. Tradueeti in limba engleza:
~;I
.;, '
afara ~. t4'~ > outside
~f)L-~
I"""'Il
jos, seazut
T > low
1- -1
0- 0
1- 1
2 -l
'-==
innorat
lQJ > cloudy
~
vantos, (eu) vant > windy
~
insorit, (eu) soare > sunny
eetos, (eu) eeata > foggy
Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza folosind euvintele noi:
Cum este vremea azi? > How is the weather today?
Azi vremea este frumoasa. > It IS nice today.
Dimineata a fost vant ~i innorat, > In the morning It was windy and cloudy
dar aeum este insorit. but now it IS sunny.
Nu sufla vantul. > The wind Isn't bloWIng.
Temperatura este joasa dar nu este eeata. > The temperature IS low, but it isn't foggy.
Cred ea putem sa einam afara. > I thmk we can have dmner outside.
Observa!i folosirea cuvantului it cu referire la starea vremii:
It was windy yesterday. - Ieri a fost vant.
Now it is sunny. - Aeum este insorit.
Was it foggy yesterday? - A fost eeata ieri?
It is nice today. - Azi vremea este frumoasa.
9
Urmeazii diteva exemple in care nu se folose~te articolul hotiiriit the:
We went by car yesterday. - Ieri am mers cu ma~ina.
They are still at work. - Ei lucreaza inca.
We are driving east now. - Acum conducem spre est.
We have been in town today. - Azi am fost in ora~.
They live in Station Street. - Ei locuiesc in strada Garii.
In urmatorul exercitiu yom face 0 comparatie intre utilizarea timpurilor Simple Past ~i Present Per-
fect. Completati propozitiile in Iimba engleza cu fonnele verbale corespunzatoare:
Jeri am mers pe jos la serviciu. - Yesterday I >walked to work.
Noi ~tiam despre asta in urma cu 0 saptamana. - We > knew about it a week ago.
Maria a trimis toate scrisorile azi. - Mary> has sent all the letters today.
Am vazut 0 multime de plante. - We >have seen a lot of plants.
Ieri i-am cumparat (lui) un sacou ~i 0 e~arIa. - Yesterday I > bought him a coat and a shawl.
Ei au intrat in aceasta cladire. - They> have en!l:red this building.
Azi a fost 0 zi cetoasa. - Today it > has been a foggy day.
Saptamana trecuta a suflat un vant putemic. - Last week a strong wind >blew.
Ei au vrut sa faca asta ieri. - They >wanted to do it yesterday.
Am cunoscut-o cu mult timp in urma. - J >knew her a long time ago.
Anul trecut Ie-am dat cartile noastre. - Last year we >gave them our books.
Soarele a stralucit azi. - The sun> has shone today.
Speram ca exemplele ~i exercitiile v-au ajutat sa intelegeti deosebirile care exista intre cele doua
timpuri. Daca totu~i mai aveti unele neclaritati, repetati inca 0 data materia leqiei.
10
LECTIA
, 11 - PARTEA A nOVA
Sa continuam lectia cu diteva cuvinte noi:
stamp > [stEmp] - timbru
ticket > [tikit] - bilet
novel > [novl] - roman
telephone > [telifaun] - telefon
tram > [trEm] - tramvai
tram stop > [trEm stop] - statie de tramvai
bus stop > [bas stop] - statie de autobuz
tlower > [tlaua'] - tloare
bank > [bEn(g)k] - banca
calendar > [kElindaf ] - calendar, almanah
secretary > [sekratri] - secretar(a)
purse > [pii:'s] - portofel, geanta, po~eta
bank > [bEn(g)k] - banca
ticket > [tikit] - bilet
purse > [pa:'s] - portofel, geanta, po~eta
tlower > [ /laua'] - tloare
calendar > [kElindaf ] - calendar, almanah
,.ecretary > [ sekratri] - secretar(a)
telephone > [telifaun] - telefon
11
Cltl~1 cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii in care apar cuvintele noi:
She has bought seven > [~i: hEz bo:t scvn stEmps] - Ea a cumparat ~apte timbre.
stamps.
We have tickets for the bus. > lUi: hEy tikits fo f DZa bas] - Avem bilete de autobuz.
They didn't have a > [D/el didnt hEy a - Anul trecut ei nu avem telefon.
telephone last year. tclifoun la:st lIa T]
She is Peter's secretary. > [~I: iz pi:ta'z sckratri] - Ea este secretara lui Peter.
We must go there by tram. > lUi: mast gilU D/eal bai - Trebuie sa mergem acolo
trEm] cu tramvaiul.
The bus stop is at the corner. > [DZa bas stop iz Et D 7 a - Statia de autobuz este pe colt.
ko:'na']
She gave me flowers > [~i: ge/v 1m: HauaTz - Ea mi-a dat flori ieri.
yesterday. IcstaTde/]
Where is the tram stop? > ["eaT IZ fYa trEm stop] - Unde este statia de tramvai?
There is a calendar > (O/eaTiz a kEl inda f - In bucatane este un calendar.

in the kitchen. in DZa kit~an]
The bank is opposite > [O/a bEn(glk iz opaZlt - Banca este vizavi de casa
Peter's house. pi:taTz halls] lui Petre.
I have seen your purse > [ai hEy sl.n 10:' pa:'s - Am vazut portofelul tau
on the table. on D'a tcibl] pe masa.
He read this novel last > [hi: red OIlS nov 1 la:st - El a citit acest roman
week. ui:k] saptamana trecuta.
Completati propozltiile cu cuvintele nOll invatate:
Fiica ei este secretara. - Her daughter is a >secretary.
Putem merge cu tramvaiul? - Can we go by >tram?
Ieri te-am a~teptat in statia de autobuz. - Yesterday we waited for you at the >bus stop.
Iti plac romanele lungi? - Do you like long >novels?
Vita-te in calendar. - Look at the >calendar.
Sunt putini bani in portofelul meu. - There is little money in my >purse.
In piata este 0 statie de tramvai. - There is a >tram stop in the square.
Nu este telefon aici. - There is no >telephone here.
Ea a adus bJletele cu ea. - She has brought the >tickets with her.
Du-te la oficiul po~tal ~i cumpara timbre. - Go to the post-office and buy >stamps.
Putem merge impreuna la banca? - Can we go to the >bank together?
Pune florile pe biroul ei. - Put the >flowers on her desk.

12
Traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele urmatoare:
telefon > telephone
statie de tramvai > tram stop
statie de autobuz > bus stop
roman > novel
portofel > purse
banca > bank
tramvai > tram
bilet > ticket
timbru > stamp
~ floare > flower

calendar > calendar
secretar(a) > secretary
Sa ne intoarcem din nou la utilizarea timpului Present Perfect Tense. Folosim acest timp pentru
descrierea evenimentelor petrecute in trecut ~i care includ mai mult sau mai putin momentul actual,
alaturi de always, ever, never ,~i just, precum ~i alaturi de urmatoarele complemente de timp:
recently > [ri:sntli] - recent, de curand
lately > [ leltli] - recent, de curand, in ultima vreme
already > [o:lredi] - deja
yet > [ iet] - inca, deja
> [sau fa: ]

f
so far - pana acum, deocamdata
~
Complementul de timp "yet" se afla intotdeauna la sfar~itul propozitiei, "so far" la
inceputul sau la sflir~itul propozitiei, iar celelalte complemente de timp se gasesc
inaintea formei a Ill-a a verbului sau la sflir~itul propozitiei.
Cititi cu voce tare complementele de timp care se folosesc alaturi de Present Perfect:
already > [0: lredi] - deja
always > [o:l"eiz] - intotdeauna
lately > [leith] - recent, de curand, in ultima vreme
so far > [sau fa:'] - pana acum, deocamdata
> [neva ]
f
never - niciodata
just > [ dJast] - tocmai
yet > [ let] - inca, deja
recently > [ ri:snth] - recent, de curand

13
In exemplele urmatoare observati cum este folosit tlmpul Present Perfect ~i complementele de timp
invatate anterior:
I have never seen that girl. >[al hEy neva' sl.n D7Et - Niciodata nu am vazut-o pe fata
ga:'l] aceea.
They have always liked >lDzel hEv o:lu e1z la/kt - Le-a placut intotdeauna
this house. DZls haus] aceasta casa.
We have just had dinner. >[U I: hEv djast hEd dina'] - Noi tocmai am cinat.
I have heard about him > [al hEv ha:'d abaut hun - Am auzit despre el in ultima
lately. I citlI] vreme.
They have already made >[DZei hEv o:lredl meld - Ei au confectionat deja
ten bookcases. ten bukke/Slz] zece biblioteci.
We have worked a lot >[L1}; hEv ua:'kt a lot - In ultimul timp, noi am muncit
recently. ri: sntli] foarte mult.
Iar acum, completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza. Retineti locul complementelor de timp
in propozitie:
Noi am avut deja doi caini. - We > have already had two dogs.
Ei tocmai au adus aceste scaune. - They> have just brought these chairs.
Pana acum am lucrat dimineata. - So far we > have worked in the morning.
Seara ei s-au plimbat intotdeauna prin parco - They >have always walked in the park
in the evening.
In ultima vreme am vazut cateva ora~e frumoase. - We > have seen some nice towns lately.
Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos:
Noi am vrut intotdeauna sa mergem in > We have always wanted to go to England.

Anglia.
Ea nu ~i-a iubit niciodata sotul. > She has never loved her husband.
Mama lui John a vorbit recent cu sotia lui. > John's mother has recently spoken
to hIs wIfe.
Am scris deja cinci scrisori. > I have already written five letters.
Ea tocmai s-a dus la plimbare. > She has just gone for a walk.
Pana acum m-am dus la serviciu cu ma~ina. > So far 1 have gone to work by car.
Maria ~i sotul ei au deschis de curand > Mary and her husband have opened
un magazin. a shop lately.
Folosirea complementelor de tlmp yet ~i ever la timpul Present Perfect 0 vom prezenta in lectia 12,
ciind yom invata formarea interogativului ~i a negativului.
14
lata un nou grup de cuvinte. Fiti atenti la intelesul ~i la pronuntia lor:
next to > [nekst tll] - aproape de, langa
early > [ a:'1I] - devreme
late > [!elt] - tarziu
to get on > [tu get on] - a (se) urea
to get off > [tll get oil - a cobori
to say > [tll sei] - a spune
Acelea~i cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:
late > [Ieit] - tarziu
to say > [tll sell - a spune
to get off > [tu get oil - a cobori
early > [a:'lJ] - devreme
to get on > [tLl get on] - a (se) urea
next to > [nekst tLl] - aproape de, langa
Formele verbelor to get on ~i to get off sunt identice cu acele forme ale verbului to get pe care Ie-am
prezentat in lectia anterioara.
Verbul to say face parte din grupa verbelor neregulate. Cele trei forme ale sale sunt urmatoarele:
Forma I Forma a II-a Forma a Ill-a

say > [sei] said > [sed] said > [sed]
Sa introducem in propozitii cuvintele recent invatate. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
It is too early to go to > [it lZ tLl: a:'li tll gau tu - Este prea devreme pentru
the cinema. D'a sinama] a merge la cinematograf.
She has already got on > [~i:

hEz o:lredi got on - Ea s-a urcat deja in autobuz.
the bus. D/a bas]
We visited her late in > [UI: vizltid ha:' leit in - Am vizitat-o seara tarziu.
the evening. DZi i:vnin(g)]
Their house is next to > [DZel' hallS iz nekst tll - Casa lor este aproape de banca.
the bank. DZa bEn(gJk]
I must get off at this stop. > [ai mast get of Et DZis - Trebuie sa cobor la aceasta statie.
stop]
He is saying it is very late. > [hI: iz se/m(g) it iz veri - EI spune ca este foarte tarziu.
!elt]
15
Trebuie sa cobor la a patra statie. - 1 must >get offat the fourth stop.
Eu rna scol intotdeauna devreme. - I always get up >early.
Poti sa te a~ezi 1<lnga mine? - Can you sit >next to me?
Ea a venit la noi dupa-amiaza tarziu. - She came to us > late in the afternoon.
Urca! Pot sa te duc pana la banca. - >Get on! I can take you to the bank.
Ea spune ca aceasta casa este prea scumpa. - She >says this house is too expensive.
in limba engleza complementul circumstantial (de exemplu "early")

unneaza, de obicei, dupa verb:
I always get up early. - Ma scol intotdeauna devreme.
Sa vedem in ce masura ati retinut cuvintele noi:
a (se) urca > to get on

tarziu > late
a spune > to say
aproape de, langa > next to
a cobOrl > to get off
devreme > early
Complementul de timp late poate avea mai multe intelesuri.
It was too late to go here. - A fost prea tarziu, ca sa

mergem acolo.
The bus was late yesterday - Autobuzul a intarziat ieri.
He was late for breakfast - El a intarziat dimineata

in the morning. la micul dejun.
La sfiir~itullectiei vom repeta intreaga materie. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza:
Azi a fost foarte frig. > It has been very cold today.
El tocmai a spus ca nu poate merge cu noi. > He has Just saId he can't go with us.
Ieri ai cumparat aceasta ma~ina? > Did you buy this car yesterday?
Am cautat-o pe mama mea. > I have looked for my mother.
Trebuie sa imi pun 0 haina ~i 0 e~arta > I must put on a coat and a shawl
pentru ca este frig. because it is cold.
Azi copiii no~tri au avut > Our children have had a high
febra mare. temperature today.
Ieri vantul a suflat cu putere? > Old a strong wmd blow yesterday'~
16
Pana acum am citit trei romane. > I have read three novels so far.
leri a fost 0 zi insorita. > It was a sunny day yesterday.
Nu-mi plac diminetile cetoase. > I don't like foggy mornmgs.
Seara mergem afara. > In the evening we are going outside.
Imi place sa citesc romane engleze~ti. > I like to read English novels.
Pot sa cumpar bilete de cinema. > I can buy tickets to the cinema.
Poti sa-mi dai doua timbre? > Can you give me two stamps?
Am cumparat un telefon ro~u > We have bought a red telephone
pentm bucatarie. for the kitchen.
Dimineata am vazut-o in statia de tramvai. > I saw her at the tram stop in the morning.
De ce i-ai dat ei flori? > Why have you given her flowers?
Azi secretara mea a uitat sa-~i ia > My secretary has forgotten to take her
portmoneul. purse today.
Ace~ti oameni au telefon? > Have these people a telephone?
De unde pot cumpara un calendar? > Where can I buy a calendar?
EI nu a mers niciodata la ~coala. > He has never gone to school.
M-am lasat deja de fumat. > I have already stopped smoking.
Tocmai am luat micul dejun. > We have just had breakfast.
Am fost acolo dimineata devreme. > I was there early in the morning.
De ce ai intarziat ieri la serviciu? > Why were you late for work yesterday?
Trebuie sa te urci la aceasta statie ~i > You must get on at this stop and get off
sa cobori langa oficiul po~tal. next to the post-office.
Trenul are 'intarziere? > Is the train late?
"We have just had breakfast" "My secretary has forgotten to take her
purse today"
La sffir~itullectiei, iata obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie:
[ au] [e] [i: ] [ai]

low best eat buy
ago west keep sky
show seven teach high
coat get feet tie
17
, 11
11.1. inaintea substantivelor care denumesc ocupatia, religia sau nationalitatea se folose~te
'intotdeauna articolul nehotadit a/an:
She is a typist. - Ea este dactilograra.
I am a CatholIc. - Eu sunt catolic.
Her husband IS an Amencan. - So\ul el este amencan.
Daca vorblm despre 0 functle care poate fi indeplinita doar de 0 smgura persoana, atunci putem
folosi sau omlte articolului hotarat the:
Who is president of Romania? - Cine este pre~edintele Romaniei?
Who is the preSident of RomanIa? - Cine este pre~edintele Romaniei?
11.2. The Present Perfect Tense (prezentul perfect)
11.2.1. Propozl\la se construiqte astfel:
Pronume + verbul auxiliar forma a III-a +

personal have/has a verbului principal
She has bought a dog.
Verbul auxiliar este to have conjugat la indicativ prezent. Daca verbul principal este
regulat atunci prime~te terminatia -d sau -ed, iar forma IUl este identica cu forma a Ill-a
din diqlOnar (Simple Past).
11.2.2. Cand folosim acest tlmp:
1. Foloslm timpul Present Perfect pentru descrierea aC\IUnIlor trecute ~i incheiate:
She has bought a car. - Ea a cumparat 0 ma~ina.
2. Timpul Present Perfect se folose~te alaturi de complementele de timp this (week,

month, ...), today, tonight. Acestea se afla la 'inceputul sau la sfiir~itul propozitiei.
I have been at home today. - AZI am fost acasa.
3. Folosim de asemenea, timpul Present Perfect alatun de complementele de timp

always, never, ever, just, recently, lately, already, yet, so far.
Complementul de timp yet se afla intotdeauna la sfiir~itul propozitiei, so far la

inceputul sau la sfiir~itul propozltiei, iar restul complementelor de timp se gasesc
inaintea formei a Ill-a a verbului sau la sfiir~itul propozitiei.
18
] 1.3 Artlcolul hotarat "the" poate fi omis in urmatoarele situatii:
We went by car yesterday. - Noi am mers ieri cu ma~ina.
They are still at work. - Ei lucreaza inca.
We are driving east now. - Noi conducem spre est.
We have been in town today. - Noi am fost in ora~ azi.
They live in Station Street. - Ei locuiesc in strada Garii.
11.4. Complementul de timp "late" poate avea mai multe intelesuri:
It is late. - Este tarziu.
The bus was late yesterday. - Ieri a intarziat autobuzul.
He was late for breakfast in the morning. - EI a intiirziat dimineata la micul dejun.
19
A. Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii:
1. They have already read this book.
2. Peter has been late for school today.
3. He was a secretary three years ago.
4. My brother has made a nice bookcase for his mother.
5. They have already been in England.
6. I have talked with her lately.
1. Nu am vazut-o niciodata pe sora tao

•
2. Tatallui este pre~edintele Romaniei.
3. In ultima vreme am vizitat cateva tari frumoase.
4. Ei au intarziat intotdeauna la ~coala.
5. Imi place sa rna scol devreme.
6. Am taiat cinci copaci din gradina noastra.
1. I never saw this town.
2. They were at home all day today.

~
3. She wanted to go by the car yesterday.
4. I have already drinked the beer.
5. She has so far written two books.
6. They have bought this nice house three years ago.
20
LECTIA " "
12 - PARTEA INTAI
,
Ca de obicei, yom incepe ~i aceasta lectie invatiind cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu

voce tare ~i fiti atenti la traducerea lor:
r
floor > [flo: ] - podea, etaj
carpet > [ka:rpit] - covor

r
f100r lamp > [flo: lEmp] - lampa cu picior
curtains > [ka:rtinz] - perdele, draperii
ceiling > [si: Iin(gl] - tavan
fireplace > [faiiFpleis] - camin, ~emineu
r
wall-paper > [U o:1peipa ] - tapet
socket > [sakit] - priza
picture > [pikt~ar] - tablou, pictura
armchair > [ a:rmt~eaT] - fotoliu
settee > [seti:] - canapea
Acum recititi cuvintele intr-o alta ordine:
curtains > [ka:rtinz] - perdele, draperii
settee > [seti:] - canapea

r
floor > [ flo: ] - podea, etaj
fireplace > [faiarpleis] - camin, ~emineu
socket > [sakit] - priza

T
floor lamp > [flo: IEmp] - lampa cu picior
carpet > [ka:rpit] - covor
ceiling > [si: lin(g)] - tavan

r
wall-paper > [U o:1peipa ] - tapet
armchair > [ a:rmt~eaT] - fotoliu
picture > [ pikt~aT] - tab lou, pictura
21
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in cadrul unui dialog. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare:
This room is awful. > [DZis ru:m lZ o:fl] - Camera aceasta este groaznica.
I think we must put the > [Ul TSm(g)k UI: mast put DZa - Cred ea trebuie sa punem
settee next to the fireplace. seti: nekst tu DZa falafpleis] eanapeaua langa ~emineu.
What about the curtains? > ["at abaut DZa bi:ftmz] - ~i perdelele?
They must be brown. > [DZel mast bI: braun] - Trebuie sa fie cafenii.
I also want to put the > [UI olsau "ant tu put DZa - In plus, (eu) vreau sa pun
armchairs next to the table. a:fmt~eafz nekst tu DZa telbl] fotoliile langa masa.
We must also have > ["I: mast olsau hEy

whIte wall-paper. "mt "a: I pelpa f]
What do you think about a > ["ot du 1U: T'in(g)k abaut a - Ce zici de un covor
yellow carpet on the floor? lelau ka:fpit on D'a flo:f] galben (pe podea)?
Yes, and there must be > [ies End D'eafmas( bl' - Da, ~i nu trebuie nici 0 lampa
no lamp on the ceiling. nau IEmp on DZa si:lm(g)] pe tavan.
We have many sockets > [ L1 i: hEy mem soklts - Avem multe prize In camera,
in the room, so we can In DZa ru:m sau L1i: kEn a~a ea putem avea ~i
have floor lamps. hEy flO:f lEmps] lampi eu pieior.
And what do you want > [End "at du IU: "ant - ~i ee vrei sa faci eu aeeste
to do with these pictures? tu du' "iDZ DZI"Z pikt~afz] tablouri?
I don't want them here. > [JI daunt "ODt DZem hia f] - Nu Ie vreau aiei.
Before ... After ...
22
Re{ine{i consfruc{ia care apare intr-una din propozi{ii:
there must be no lamp on the ceiling - nu trebuie sa fie n!ci 0 lampa pe tavan
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limha engleza folosind cuvintele noi:
Priza este in spatele acelui scaun. - The> socket is behind that chair..
De uncle pot cumpara un covor? - Where can I buy a> carpet?
Plafonul trebuie sa fie alb? - Must the> ceiling be white?
intotdeauna mi-a placut sa stau in fotoliul acesta. - I have always liked to sit in this
> armchair.
Am pus 0 lampa cu picior langa fereastra. - I have put a > floor lamp next to
the window.
Ieri am vazut un tablou foarte frumos. - I saw a very nice > picture yesterday.
Aceste perdele sunt prea scumpe. - These > curtains are too expensive.
Canapeaua este in coltul eamerei. - The >settee is in the comer of the room.
Copiii stau acum pe podea. - The children are sitting on the >tloor now.
Aveai atunci un ~emineu? - Did you have a> fireplace then?
Cand ai cumparat acest tapet? - When did you buy this >wall-paper?
Verificati-va daca ati reu~it sa va insu~iti cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
canapea > settee
lampa eu picior > floor lamp
• priza > socket
tapet > wall-paper
tavan > ceiling
covor > carpet
podea > floor
perdele > curtams
~emineu > fireplace
tablou > picture
fotoliu > armchair
23
:;Itlm ea pronumele nehotdrat some poate sta inall1tea unui substantiv numarabil (In aeest ea: are
infelesul de ciitva, di!iva, ni~te, unii) sau Inallltea unui substantiv care denume,~te un obieet ee Ill!
are forma de plural (in aeest co: (' u in(elesul de pu!in, ceva, ni~te). Putem folosi aeest pronume ca
sinonimul altor doua pronume lIehotanlte'
1. A little [a litl]- putin, catva, ceva ([naintea substantivelor nenumarabile):
There is a little bread on the table. - Este pu!ina pame pe mas~l.
2. A few [a flu ]- catva, cativa Unamtea substantive/or nUl1uirabile):
There are a few bottles on the floor. - Sunt diteva stide pe podea.
Inlocuitl adJectivul some cu a little/a few:
I vIsited some friends yesterday. - I visited> a few friends yesterday.
Bnng me some wall-paper. - Bring me > a hit] e wall-paper.
Can you give me some money? - Can you give me > a Itttlemoney?
I have smoked some cigarettes today. I have smoked> a few cigarettes today.
Sa ne Intoareem din nou fa tlll/pul Prescnt Perfect ,~l sa invafam cum se jormuleaza Intrebarile ,~i
raspunsunle.
Formam mterogatn'ul prm lIl\'erSllll1e: verhul auxilwr have/has ocupa loeul subleetulUl. iar aeesta
treee pe foeul af dotlea.
Cltiti propozltlile urmatoare :
I have already seen Have you already > [hEv IU: o.lrcch - Ai vazut deja
thiS picture. seen this picture? sl:n OilS pikt~a'] acest tablou?
She has never read Has she never read > [hEz Sl:neva' red - Nu a citit niciodata
thiS book. thiS book? O/IS buk] aceasta carte?
Has she ever read > [hEz ~I: eva' red - A Cltlt ea vreodata
this book? OilS buk] aceasta carte?
We have written Have you written > [hEv IU. litn - Ati scris pana acum
two letters so far. two letters so far? tu' ]cta'z sau fa:'] doua scrisori?
Treceti urmatoarele propoZitil la fonna mterogativa:
She has already had breakfast. > Has she already had breakbst')
My mother has never liked my husband. > Has my mother eve I liked my husband?
They have taught me English. > Have they taught me English')
She has been at work today. > Has she been <it work today')
We have already seen two pictures. > I hl\ e we already secn t\\ 0 plctUl es')
24
Riispunsul afirmativ se formuleazii cu ajutorul cuviintului yes. a pronumelui personal ~i a formei
corespunziitoare a verbului auxiliar:
Have you cut your hair? Yes, I have. >[ies ai hEv] - Da.
Have they already Yes, they have. > [ies DZei hEv] - Da.
bought this house?
Has she just come? Yes, she has. > [ies ~i: hEz] - Da.
Propozitiile negative se formeazii cu ajutorul cuviintului no. a pronumelui personal. a formei

corespunziitoare a verbului auxiliar ~l a cuviintului not. Structura have not poate fi prescurtatii,
devenind haven't [hEvnt]. pe ciindforma prescurtatii construc!iei has not este hasn't[hEznt] :
Have you cut your hair? No, I have not. > [nau ai hEv not] - Nu.
No, I haven't. >[nau ai hEvnt]
Have they already No, they have not. >[nau DZei hEv not] - Nu.
bought this house? No, they haven't. >[nau DZei hEvnt]
Has she already been No, she has not. > [nau ~i: hEz not] - Nu.
in England? No, she hasn't. > [nau ~i: hEznt]
Completati urmatoarele raspunsuri scurte:
Has the sun shone today? - Yes, >it has.

- No, >it hasn't.
Have you already thought about it? - Yes, I >have.

- No, I >haven't.
Have they wanted to be there first? - Yes, >they have.

- No, >they haven't.
Has the secretary forgotten about the letter? - Yes, >she has.
- No, >she hasn't.
La formarea fntrebiirilor complexe a~eziim pronumele interogativ fnaintea verbului auxiliar:
Where have you seen this > [Ueat hEv iu: si:n DZis - Unde ai vazut-o pe aceasta fata?
girl? ga.'I]
What has she done so far? > [Uot hEz ~i: dan sau fa:'] - Ce a Iacut ea pfma acum?
Who has said this? > [hu: hEz sed DZis] - Cine a spus asta?
How many books have > [hau meni buks hEv - Cite can;i ai adus?
you brought? iu: bro:t]
Pronumele interogativ when - "cand" nu se folose~te in intrebarile in care verbul

este la timpul Present Perfect.
25
In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu partile de propozitie care lipsesc:
Peter has been at home today. - Where> has Peter been today?
She has given me a little beer. - Who >has given me a little beer?
They have had a dog lately. - What> have they had lately?
We have worked in the office this week. - Where> have we worked this week?
Formele negative se pot folosi ~i la formularea propozi{iilor fntregi:
I haven't visited my > [ai hEvnt vlzitld mai - Nu am vizitat-o inca pe mama.
mother yet. maDzar iet]
She hasn't read the > [~I:hEznt red Oza - Ea nu a citit inca ziarul.
newspaper yet. niu:spclpar let]
They haven't seen my > rOzel hEvnt SI:n mai - Inca nu mi-au vazut casa.
house yet. haus ICt]
Complementul de timp already nu poate fi folosit in propozitii negative, in

timp ce complementul de timp yet nu poate fi folosit in propozitii afirmative. In
schimb, ambele complemente circumstantiale pot fi folosite la formarea
interogativului. Retineti, complementul circumstantial yet are doua intelesuri:
deja (in propozitii interogative) ~i inca nu (in propozitii negative).
Inca nu am vorbit cu ea. > I haven't talked to her yet.
Ea a auzit deja despre asta? > Has she heard It yet?
Nu am trimis inca aceasta scrisoare. > We haven't sent thIs letter yet.
Luna inca nu a stralucit noaptea aceasta. > The moon hasn't shone yet this nIght.
Tata nu s-a sculat inca, > Father hasn't got up yet.
Ai fost deja acasii? > Have you already been at home?
Dactilografele nu au venit azi la serviciu. > The typists haven't come to work today.
Formele verbului to have se pot prescurta dupti cum urmeazti:
I have I've > [a/v] we have we've > [Ui:v]
you have you've > [IU:V] you have you've > [iu:v]
he has he's > [hu] they have they've > [DZeiv]
she has she's > [~l:Z]
it has it's > [its]
26
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii. Folositi forrne1e prescurtate daca este posibil:
Ai ineercat vreodata sa te la~i de fum at? > Have you ever tried to stop smoking?
Cala eafea ai haut azi? > How much coffee have you drunk today?
inca nu m-am gfmdit la asta. > I haven't thought about it yet.
Am inteles deja. > l"ve already understood it.
El nu a venit inca. > He basn' t come yet
Am vorbit eu el recent. > We've talked to him recently.
EI i-au placut Intotdeauna t1orile. > Shc's always liked !lowers.
in ultima vrerne nu ne-am uitat la televizor. > We haven't watched televiSIOn recently.
Unde ai pus aceasta planta? > \Vhere hay e you put this plant?
Sa invatam acurn ciHeva prepozitii. incercati sa retineti foloslrea lor In context;
under > Landa'] - sub
over > [am a'] '- peste, deasupra, pe
across > l akros] - de-a curmezi~ul, pc partea cealalta
from > [ from] - de la, din
by > [b:ll] - (chiar) liinga, cu
Sa introducem in propozitii cuvintele recent invatate:
We usually work [rom > ["i: IU:Juali "a:'k from - De obicei lucram de la
seven to three. s('vn tu T'ri' ] ~apte la trei.
Bring a chair from > [l:mnl~1 a t~e,l' from - Adu un scaun din bucatarie.
the kitchen. D/a kit.,an]
They are by the wmdow. > [lYci a.' hai D/a "indau] Ei sunt langa fereastra.
I have it from my mother. > [al hEY it from l1\<li ~ Am asta de la mama mea.
malYa'J
The dog is under the table. > r lYa dog: 11: anda" - Ciiinele este sub masa.
IYa ie/hi]
The picture is over the lamp. > l [Ya piktsa' il: am'ar - Tabloul este deasupra lampii.
IYa tEmp]
27
He is going across the street. > [hi: IZ gaum(g) akros - El traverseaza strada.
DZa stn:tJ
The office is across the square. > [DZI ofis iz akros - Biroul este de partea cealalta
DZa skUea f ] a pletii.
) ) )
;'
I
/
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu prepozitiile care lipsesc:
Pune masa aceea vis-ii-vis de fereastra. - Put that table> across the window.
Fotoliile sunt Hinga fereastra. - The armchairs are> by the window.
Aceste flori sunt de la sotul tau? - Are these flowers> from your husband?
Avionul zboara deasupra ora~ului. - The plane is flying> over the town.
Pisicii noastre ii place sa stea sub canapea. - Our cat likes to sit> under the settee.
Repetati cu atentie grupurile de cuvinte care urmeaza:
[a. f] [au] [al] [u. ]

early know fireplace too
curtains low shine blue
bird go sky you
first over my who
28
LECTIA
Cititi cu atentie urmatoarele dialoguri. Repetati exercitiul pana retineti corect pronuntia ~i intonatia.
Cuvintele ~i silabele accentuate sunt scrise cu litere Ingro~ate.
Mary: Did you hear the weather-forecast on the radio yesterday?

Peter: Yes, I did. It was too cold yesterday to go for a walk.
Mary: And it was foggy, too.
Peter: I have never liked to walk in foggy weather, but the heat in summer was also
awful for me.
Mary: Do you want to have breakfast outside?
Peter: No, I don't. I think the temperature is very low outside and the wind is blowing.
Tom has already put on his coat and shawl.
Barbara: We have a very nice house.

John: Yes, you have, and there is a nice settee in the living-room.
Barbara: We have bought two armchairs so far, and I want to buy a fireplace to the bedroom.
John: Have you ever seen a fireplace in the bedroom?
Barbara: No, I haven't.
Look we can't put the floor lamp next to the table because tht:re is no socket there.
John: Yes, I see that. But you've just bought nice, green wall-paper.
Barbara: I wanted to buy a red telephone too, but there was little money in my purse.
And what about those pictures on the wall?
John: They are also very nice. I have always liked these pictures.
Tom: Look at the calendar. Is it Sunday or Monday today?

Barbara: Today is Sunday.
Tom: Then we can go to the cinema today.
Barbara: First you must buy the tickets and then we can go to the cinema.
Tom: I have bought thcm. And we can go by tram.
Barbara: Is the tram stop across the square?
Tom: Yes, it is. I think we must get off at the fourth stop.
Mary: Peter, a girl has just entered the house!

Peter: Who is she?
Mary: I think she is a secretary.
Peter: Does this secretary work in a bank?
Mary: I think she does, but she has brought you a letter from your sister.
Barbara: Peter! What have you done so far?

Peter: I've been at work today.Why?
Barbara: Because I want to go to the shop and I want to buy boots for me.
Peter: lt's too late to go to the shop now, and you can't buy those boots because
they are too expensive.
Barbara: Then I want to buy some flowers. Where have you seen those flowers?
Peter: I saw them in the shop next to the bank.
29
-
In ultimul exercitiu yom recapitula cele invatate pana acum. TraducetI urmatoarele propoZltii in
limba engleza:
Cand au adus asta? > When did they bring it'!
Ei vor sa rna invete sa citesc. > They want to teach me to read.
De ce mi-ai luat florile? > Why have you taken my flowers?
Cine a vrut sa cumpere casa aceasta? > Who has wanted to buy this house?
Acum cautam 0 canapea frumoasa ~i > We are looking for a nice settee and
cioua fotolii. two armchairs now.
Vezi acest avion deasupra parcului? > Do you see this plane over the park?
Inca nu am vorbit cu el. > I haven't talked to hun yet.
Am incercat sa-i opresc. > I tried to stop them.
Cand m-am ureat in autobuz, I-am vazut > \Vhen I got on the bus I saw my brother.
pe fratele meu.
El a venit deja. > He's already come.
Ai condus vreodata ma~ini mari? > Have you ever dnven big cars?
In ultima vreme nu Ie-am scris serisori > Lately we haven't written letters to
prietenilor no~tri. our friends.
Azi ne-au pus cateva intrebari. > They have asked us a few question today.
I-ai platit lui deja tapetul? > Have you paid him for the wall-paper yet?
Ieri am auzit buletinul meteorologic. > We heard the weather-forecast yesterday. ,.,
Statia npastra de autobuz este pe partea > Our bus stop IS across the street.
cealalta a strazii.
Pana acum am scris doua scrisori. > I have written two letters so f .
EI nu ~i-a uitat mciodata prietenii. > He has never forgotten hiS fnends.
Cine a facut asta? > Who has done it?
La ce ora ai venit acasa? > What time did you come home'l
Vita-te la florile de langa fereastra. > Look at the flowers by the window.
Nu au cumparat inca perdele in cea > So far they haven"t bought curtains
de-a doua camera. for the second room.
Sora mea a cumparat recent cateva carti. > My sister has recently bought a few books.
Cand le-ai aratat casa noastra? > \\'hen did you show them our house?
30
, 12
12.1. Some, a few ~i a little.
Am Invaiat ca pronumele nehotanlt some poate sta Inaintea substantive lor numarabile (In
acest caz are in!elesul de dtva, dtiva, ni~te, unii) ~i inaintea substantivelor care nu au forma
de plural (In aceasta situatie cu semnifica!ia de putin, ceva, ni~te).
Some poate fi folosit ~i in locul altor doua pronume nehotarate:
I. A little l a litl] - pu!in, catva, ceva (lnaintea substantive lor care nu sunt numarabile):
There is a little bread on - Este pu!ina paine pe masa.

the table.
2. A few [a fill:] - catva, ca!iva (lnaintea substantivelor numarabile):
There are a few bottles on - Sunt ciiteva sticle pe podea.

the floor.
12.2. Intrebarile ~I raspunsurile la timpul Present Perfect.
12.2.1. Formulam interogativul pnn inversarea ordinii verbului auxiIJar have/has ~i a

pronumelui personal sau a substantivului cu funqie de subiect:
I have already seen this picture. - Have you already seen this picture?
12.2.2. Formulam raspunsurile afirmative cu ajutorul cuvantului yes, a pronumelui personal

~) a formei corespunzatoare a verbuJui auxiliar.
Have you cut your hair'! - Yes, I have.
12.2.3. Formulam negaiia eu ajutorul euvantului no, a pronumelui personal, a fonnei

corespunzatoare a verbului auxiliar ~i a adverbului not.
Constructia have not poate fi prescurtata ~i devine haven't [h Evnt], iar eonstructia
has not devine hasn't l hEznt]:
Have you cut your hair? - No, 1have not.
12.2.4. La formarea Intrebarilor complexe a~ezam pronumele interogativ Inaintea verbului

auxiliar:
Where have you seen this girl? - Unde ai vazut-o pe aceasta fata?
12.2.5. La timplll Present Perfect pronllmele interogativ when - dnd nu poate fi folosit la
formularea interogativllilli.
31
12.2.6 Complementul circumstantial already nu poate fi folosit in propozitii negatIve, in
timp ce complementul circumstantial yet nu poate. fi folosit in propozitii afirmative.
Ambele complemente circumstantiale pot figura in propozitii interogative, aviind sensuri
difente.
12.3 Formele conjugate ale verbului to have pot fi prescurtate in felul urmator:
I have I've [aiv] we have we've [Ui:v)
you have you've [IU:V] you have you've [iu:v]
he has he's [hi:z) they have they've [DZeiv]
she has she's [~I:Z]
it has it's [its]
12.4 Prepozitiile in limba engleza
Folosirea in mod corespunzator a prepozitiilor trebuie retinuta in context.
under > [ anda f ] - sub
over > [ auva r ] - peste, deasupra, pe
across > [akros] - de-a curmezi~ul, pe partea cealalta
from > [from) - de la, din
by > [baiJ - (chiar) liinga, cu
32
A. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii In limba raman a:
1. They have never been there in winter.
2. We have already bought two floor lamps.
3. There were a few annchairs in the livmg-room.
4. Have you already seen these pictures?
5. They haven't read the newspaper yet.
6. The bus stop is across the street.
• B. Traduceti propozitiile in hmba engleza:
1. leri am luerat de la ~apte la doua.
2. Clnd al cumparat perdelele?
3. Cate a serisori a scris ea pana acum?
4. In ultima vreme nu am vorbit eu el.
5. El a ureat deja In autobuz.
6. Adu-mi 0 eea~ca de eafea din bucaUirie.
C. Completati prepozitii1c corespunzatoare in propozitiile de mai jos:
I. Yesterday 1 got nice flowers my husband.
• 2.
3.
How many novels have they read _ _"_ far?
There are some clouds _ _ the sky.
4. The settee is next the fireplace.
5. Put a coat. It is very cold today.
33
VERBELE NEREGULATE DIN LECTIILE
, 11 SI
, 12
forma I-a forma a II-a forma a III-a
blow >[blau] blew >[blu:] blown > [blaun]
say > [sei] said > [sed] said >[sed]
34
, 11 SI
, 12
across > [akros] - de-a cunnezl~ul, pe partea
cealalta, vis-a.-vis
already > [o:lredl] - deja
annchair > [a: rmt~ear] - fotoliu
awful > [o:tl] - crancen, teribil, i'ngrozitor
bank > [bEnlg1k] - banea
to blow > [tll blall] - a sufla, a bate (d. vant)
boot > [bu:tJ - gheata, eizma
by > [bail - (chiar) langa, Cll
calendar > [kElinda'] - calendar, almanah
carpet > [ka:'pltJ - eovor
Catholic > [kEl'iJk] - catolic(a)
celtlllg > [si:lin ,gl ] - tavan
cloudy > [klalldi] - IIlBorat, noras
coat > [but] - haina, sacau
cold > [kauldJ - reee, racoros
eurtams > [ka:rtInzJ - perdele, draperii
early > [a:'11J - devreme
a few > [il fill:J - ea(iva, eiiteva
fireplace > [ faia'plelsJ - eamin, ~emineu
floor > [no:'J - podea, etaj
floor lamp > [no:' lEmp] - lampa cu picior
flower > [tlalla'] - floare
fog > [fog] - cea(a
foggy > [fo)!i] - cetos, cu ceata
from > [ from] - de la, din
to get otf > [tll get oil - a cobori
to get on > [tu get on] - a (se) urea
heat > I hi:tJ - caldura (puternica), caniculi!
e > [lettJ - tiirziu
35
lately > [ leitli] - recent, de cUfClnd, in ultima vreme
low > [lau] - jos, scazut
next to > [nekst tu] - aproape de, Ifmga
outside > [autsaid] - afara
over > l auva'] - peste, deasupra, pe
picture > [ pikt~a'] - tablou, pictura
president > [prezidant] - pre~edinte
purse
recently
to say
> [pa:'s]
> [ri:sntli]
> [tu sel]

- portofel, geanta,
- de curand, recent
- a spune
po~eta
... ~
secretary > [sckratri] - secretar(a)
settee > [seti: ] - canapea
shawl > [~o:l] - e~arIa
socket > [sokit] - priza
so far > [sau fa:'] - pana acum, deocamdata
sunny
telephone
> [sani]
> [tehfaun]
- insorit, cu soare
- telefon
-. -\
temperature > [ tempnt~a'] - temperatura, febra
ticket > [tiklt] - bilet
under > [ anda'] - sub

.
wall > [Uo:l] _0 zid, perete
wall-paper > [U o:l peipa'] - tapet
weather-forecast > [UeDZa' fo:'ka:st] - prognoza vremii,

wind > [lImd] - vant
windy > [llindl] - vfmtos, cu mult vant
yet > [let] - inca, deja
36
REZUMAT
1. Pronumele posesiv:
my al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale our al nostru, a noastra, ai no~tri.

mele ale noastre
your - a ta, al tau, ai tai, ale tale, your al vostru, a voastra, ai vo~tri,
a/al dumitale, ale voastre, alai dumitale, dum-
dumneavoastra neavoastra
his al lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai their - alaI, ai/ale lor

lui/sai, ale lui/sale
her al ei/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai,

ale ei/sale
its a/aI, ai/ale lui, sale, ei

(pentru obiecte, notiuni
abstracte, animale)
Pronumele posesiv in limba engleza are aceea~i forma pentru toate genurile ~i nu-
merele.
my house casa mea
my mother mama mea
my child copilul meu
my flowers florile mele
2. Present Continuous Tense (timpul prezent continuu):
Se folose~te pentru a descriem 0 activitate care se petrece in momentul vorbirii:
I am reading a book now.
He is walking at the moment.
We are just working in the garden.
- 1-
LECTIA
, 13. - PARTEA INTAI
Azi va invitam la micul dejun. Toatc cuvintelc noi se refera la aceasta

tema:
plate > lr leit ] farfurie
fork > II'o:rk I fureul ila
spoon > [sr u:n] lingma
salt > I sn: ItI sare (ele bucfltarie)
salt-cellar solnita
egg > legj ou
saucer I'arfurioara
napkin > [IiEpkin! ~erveleL ~ervct
toast > lIt lustl paine praj ita
toaster gratar pentru rrajit

paine
egg-cup >kgkapj pahar pentru oua
Exersati acelca~i cuvinte, dar In alta ordine:
toast > : tOil .... t j p{line priljita
salt > IS,): It i sare (de bucatarie)
fork > r1'0: I k I furculita
egg-cup > leg karl pahar rentru oua
napkin > [nErkin] ~erveteL ~ervet
saucer > l su: S{I "J farfurioarii
egg > leg] OLI
salt-cellar > r so:lt self,r j solnitii
spoon > I spll:nj lingura
plate > 111kil! farfurie
toaster > ! \oll,L,'! gratar pentru priijit

paine
- 2-
I
Observati felul in care folosim cuvintele noi in prapozitii. Cititi prapozitii1e eu voce tare ~i
fili atenti la pranuntie.
We have just bought large >!lli: 1\1:\ dpst t"u la:'dj ?'\oi toemai am cumparat
plates. pieilS] far furi i Illari.
Bring a few forks. Adu citteva fureu lite.
Can r take this spoon? >rkFn ai te/k [J/ is spu:n] Pot sa iau aceasta lingllra?
They must buy a salt-cellar. >[[)/ei Illast hai a sO'lt Ei trebuie sa ellmpere 0
\cla i I solnita.
" r
I 100e toasts for breakfast. >[ al b\ toush t,l: Imi place painea prajita la
brckl11stj miCLd dejun.
We don't have salt at home. >rlli: uount hE\ so:l! Et . Acasa nu avem sare.
houlll]
How many eggs did you cat >Ihau mcni cgl UIU iu: i:t Cate oua ai mancat la
for breakfast? ["oJ brt'klast] mil'ld dejun?
Can you bring me a saucer? >1 !d"n iu: brll1\~) 1111: ,'I Pori sa-mi aduci 0
,r
,0: S:I ] farfurJoari"l')
Have we red napkins at >lhh. lI i: rcd nEpkllh f·t A\ em acasa ~erve(elc

. ',)
home? houlll J ro~11.
Put the bread into the toaster. >lput O/a bred intu [)/i"l Pune p,linca in prajitorul
toust:/I de paine!
/ r
These egg-cups arc very nice. >lD i:z eg kaps a: \ crJ Aceste pahare pentru ou5
nais] sum foartc frumoase.
Completati propozi}iile in Iimba englcza, utilizand cuvintele noi:
Trebuie sa am un prajitor de paine in - I must have >:.1 toaster in the kitchen.

bucatarie.
Cite farfurii ai cumparat? How many >platcs have you bought?
Aceste linguri sunt prea mario These .Y>pO()IlS are too big.
iti place sarea? Do you like :>salt '!
De obicei mananc un au in fiecare zi. r usually cat one xgg every day.
Am adus aceste pahare pcntru oua din We have brought these ::c,~gg-ClipS from
Anglia. England.
Care furculi(e vrei sa Ie cumperi? Which >fnrb do you want to buy'?
Solnita este plina. The -;.;all-cellar is full.
Aduce-ti, va rag, farfurioarcle. Bring the ><ll!Cer~ , pleasc.
$ervetelul estc sub scaunul trlU. Thc >napk ill is under your chair.
!"t-at miincat deja piiimle prajtte'! Have you already eatcn your >l,lash ,)
- 3 -
In mod sigur v-ati Insu~it foarte bine cuvintele noi. Sa Ie reluam aHituri de numere. Traduceti
In Iimba engleza:
23 de Iinguri > twcI1ly-thrcc spoons

62 de pahare de oua > sixty-two cgg-cup~
o farfurioara de sare > onc saucer or salt

17 furculite > sc\cntccn forks
12 griitare pentm prajit paine > lwc I'liC toasters
43 de solnite > forty-three salt-cellars
99 de farfurii > nincty-ninc platcs
13 ~ervetele > thirtcen napkins
100 de oua > a hundred eggs
cateva paini prajite > some toasts
Ali relinut desigur ea, in limba engfeza, pronumele posesiv se ajla de, obieei, inaintea
subsantivului:
This is my car. Aceasta este ma~ina mea.

Our house is large. Casa noastra este mare.
Sunt insa situalii in care pronumele posesiv sta singur, ca un pronume independent $i nu este
urmat de substantiv. in aeest caz se sehimba $i forma pronumelui, pe care il numim pronume
posesiv independent. De exemplu:
mine > rIII ~I in I al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele

yours > I io J /] al tau, a ta, ai'tai, ale tale, aI, a, ai, ale
dumitale, dumneavoastra
his > Ihi/1 al lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale
r
hers > lila: /1 al ei/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale
its > [Its] lui, sale, ei (pentm obiecte, notiuni
abstracte, animale)
-4-
r
ours >Ia\\az] al nostru, a noastra, ai
no~tri, ale noastre
yours >LIO.IZ] al vostru, a voastra, ai
v01,itri, ale voastre
theirs >![)\'/1;1 al/a/ai/ale lor
Sa exersam, in propozitii, situatiile in care trebuie sa folosim pronumele posesiv:

r
It is my car. > [It II l1Iai ka. I Aceasta este ma1,iina mea.
This car is mine. >: [) /
IS LI' II main]
r
Aceasta ma~ina este a
mea.
Don't take his pen. > j dounl lC/k hi! pen] Nu lua stiloul lui!
r
Take yours. > [tc/k 10. z] Ia-I pe al tau!
This is their money. > [f)"is iz n/c/ mam] - Ace1,itia sunt banii lor.
I I r
This money is theirs. > [D IS manl II [) CI z1 Ace~ti bani sunt ai lor.
in exercitiul urmator, completati propozitiile:
Aceasta este bicicleta mea. This is >!11" bicycle.

Aceasta carte este a ta? - Is this book >YUUIS?
Aceste stilouri sunt ale lui. These pens are > his .
Acea haina este a ei. That coat is > hel s .
Acestea sunt merele noastre. These are> OUI apples.

Aceste tigari sunt ale tale? Are these cigarettes> J ours?
AceasHi solnita este a lor? Is this salt-cellar> thclrs ?
Acest ceasomic este ale lui. This clock is > 1m .
Este ma1,iina ei? Is it > hcr car?
Acele ce~ti sunt ale tale. Those cups are> yours.
Aceste birouri sunt ale lor. These desks are> thclrs .
Sunt pisicile noastre. They are> our cats.
Sunt pantofii mei. They are> my shoes.
Urmeaza din nou cateva cuvinte noi:
empty > rcmptl] gol

delicious > [dlli,;>Chl delicios, savuros
fried > [I'j ,,/(.1] fript, pdijit
fat > [tEt] gras, plin de gdisime
in a hurry > 1111 CI hall' in graba, la repezeala
-5-
Exersati acelea~i cuvinte, dar in alta ordine:
delicious > i Jlli~;bj delicios, savuros
in a hurry > rill Cl hari] In graba, la repezeala
fried > [lraiJ I fript, prajit
empty > [rmpti] gol
fat > [ fEll gras, piin de grasime
Retineti urmatoarea expresie: to be in a hurry. De exemplu:
I am in a hurry. Ma grabesc.
They were in a hurry. Ei se grabeau.
lar acum cititi cu atentie propozitiile de mai jos In care am indus cuvintele noi:
These tomatoes are delicious. > [D/i:/ r{lll1a:l,lC:/ :1. Aceste ro~ii sunt
delicioase.
Don't eat in a hurry. > [dOlillt i:t ill [I hari I Nu manca in graba!
He likes fried potatoes. > [hi: laiks fraid pClte;tnllz] Lui ii plac cartofii prajiti.
" r I ' . 1
Your cup is empty. > 110: ",ap 1/ cmplll Cea~ca ta este goaHi.
This cat is very fat. Aceasta pisica este foarte

grasa.
Folositi cuvintele noi in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Acest barbat gras maniinca prea mult. This > [,j l man eats too much.
Farfuria ei este goala? Is her plate> c'mpt\ ?
fmi place pe~tele prajit. I like> h'led fish.
Te grabe~ti? Are you> ill <1 hu:ry?
Briinza aceasta este delicioasa. This cheese is > lkiiciollS.
Pentru exersare traduceti cuvintele noi:
in graM > ill :1 hurry
gol > CIl1!1t\

I .
gras
delicios
prajit
-6-
in cele ce urmeaza ne vom ocupa de exprimarea ac{iunilor care se vor petrece in viitor. in
limba engleza in acest scop se folose!jte timpul Simple Future Tense r,imp1 riu.l~fl' IClh I'
Formarea lui este simpla: verbul auxiliar willi "i1] urmat de forma I-a a verbului principal,
infinitivul.
Urmari{i stuctura propozi(iei:
Pronumele + verbul auxiliar + foma I-a a +

personal will verbului principal
I will come to you tomorrow.
She will write a letter today.
Complementele de timp se plaseaza la inceputul sau la s[anjitlll propozi(iei. Complementele

de timp, care in cazul altar timpuri se alla la mijlocul propozitiei, la acest timp tree inaintea
verbului principal.
Urmeaza ciiteva exemp1e eu viitorul simplu:

1
He will visit his mother next> [hi. lid \ i/l! hl/ 111:11)/:1 EI 0 va vizita pe mama sa
week. 11-: k '! II I kI sapUimana viitoare.
They will have breakfast at > I f)/C! L1 1l hl.\ hil'L',-"t I! Maine la ~apte vor lua ei
seven tomorrow. ,t'\ 11 t{lInnrnll] micul dejun.
1I
I will be at home in the > 1,1/ Ii hi b hlHl1ll 111 Diseara voi fi acasa.
evening. /. I '-!)
D I I \ !l!1l - I
We will wait for you till > Ill!. lid II CII I'll I Ill" td Te vom a~tepta pana la
three o'clock. r'fl :Iklokl ora trci.
They will always live here. > [[)/'-I IIJi o.llI'-'I/ 11\ 111:1 I Ei vor locui Intotdeauna
aici.
/ I 'I
My father will go to > [mal fa:!) a 'II ~lHI til Tatal meu va merge
England tomorrow. illglflild tflIlHHOU\ maine in Anglia.
La persoana a-I-a singular ~i plural (I, we) in locullui will se poate folosi
~i verbul auxiliar shall.
In limbajul uzual Insi'!, se folose~te mai des verbul auxiliar will.
In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile cu expresia corespunzatoare la tIlnpul viitor:
Maine vom eina In gradina. Tomorrow we > \\ ill kl\ ,-' dinner in the
garden.
Sapti'!mana viitoare vom merge la Londra. Next week we > \\ II: g" to London.
Peste doua zile ii vom vizita pe parintii no~tri. - We > \\ ill \ \, It our parents in two days.
Maine seara vom asculta radiou!' Tomorrow evening we >" ill Ih ' ,:11 t,)
the radio.
Vom [1 intotdeauna 'impreuna. We >'.\1]; ,,1.\,1\, hc together.
Saptamana viitoare vom plati ma~ina. Next week we > \\ I! 1 I '.1\ for the car.
Maine 'ii voi scrie lui. 1>'\111 ,\"l,' to him tomorrow.
-7-
Vor merge la plimbare dimineata. They> \\ i II go for a walk in the
morning.
Ea nu va vedea asta niciodata. She> wi II never see it.
Voi fi la servici la cinci. I > will hl' at work at five.
Parintii no~tri vor veni maine la noi. > Ollr parents wi II cOll1e to liS tornorrO\\'.
Saptamana viitoare voi incerca sa fac 0 > Next weeK I will try to make a bookcase.
biblioteca.
Vom cobori la a treia statie. > Wc will get olT at the third stop.
Vom merge la Londra in martie. > We will go to London ill March.
Maine dimineata voi fi acolo. > 1 will be therc tomorrow rnorl1lng.
Ei ne vor a~tepta. > Thev will wait for liS.
Voi vorbi cu el despre acest roman. > i \\ili talk with him about this novel.
Tata imi va da miercuri ma~ina. > Father \\ ill gj\C 111C the C~lr on
\Vednesd;l) .
Maine va straluci soarele. > The slin \\ill ,;hillL~ tomorrow.
Iar acum yom invata cateva verbe. Cititi cuvintele cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntia lor
corecta:
to leave > [tu h:\] a parasi, a pleca

to boil > [Ill boilj a fierbe, a clocoti
to use > [tu iLL!:l a folosi, a utiliza, a intrebuinta
r
to pour > Illl po:1 a tuma, a varsa
to pass > [lll pa:sJ - a pasa, a da
to tell > [tll tel] a spune
(n)
to hang > [tu hl:n '" ] a atama, a agata
to translate > [tu trEllslcit 1 a traduce
Exersati acelea~i cuvinte, intr-o alta ordine:
to boil > Itll boil] a fierbe, a clocoti
to pass > [tu pa:s] a pasa, ada
to use > [tu i\lJ 1 a folosi, a utiliza, a intrebuinta

to tell > [tll tell a spune
to hang > [I\I hI'n ()!.) a atama, a agata

to translate > [ t \I IrEn,;!cil] a traduce
to pour > I t \I po r I a tuma, a varsa
to leave > r I \I Ii \ I a parasi, a pleca
-8-
Retineti ca expresia to leave for se traduce prin: a pleca,
a caIatori undeva.
Cateva dintre verbele noi sunt neregulate. Sa ne Insu~im cele trei forme ale acestor verbe:
forma a-I-a forma a-II-a forma a-III-a
leave >[li:v] left >[lcfi] left > Ilcn]
tell > [tel] told >ltouldJ told >[touldl
hang > [hEn(g)] hung > lhan(gi hung > [han(g)]
lar acum sa vedem cum se folosesc verbele noi In propozitii:
They have already left. > [Ozci hFv o:lredi left] Ei au plecat deja.
. 1I . (t>:) z·
I want to hang this picture > !at Olll tll hLn ~ D IS Vreau sa atam aceasta
over the settee. pI'k·t~a_r Oll\a_I' 0/-ascII:. 1 pictura deasupra canapelei.
Please, pour me some tea. > Ipli:z po:r mi: sam ti:] - Toama-mi, te rag, ni~te
ceai.
I will tell him about it. > [ai lI ij leI him i'lballl it] Ii voi spune lui despre
asta.
Pass me the salt. > [pa:s mi: IJza so:ltJ - Oa-mi sarea.
I will boil the water. Voi fierbe apa.
I have already translated this> [ai hEv o:lredi Am tradus deja aceasta
letter. trEnsleitid f)/is leU{] scrisoare.
We can't use Peter's car > lUi: ka:nl ill:z pi:li/z ka J Nu putem folosi azi
today. ladei] ma~ina lui Petre.
In exercitiul urmiitOf, completati propozitiile 'in limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a

verbului:
Peste 0 saptamana vom pleca la Bucure~ti. We will> Ica\ c for Bucharest in a week.
Ai fiert oua? Have you> boilcd eggs?
Poti folosi telefonul lui. - You can > lhC his telephone.
Iti tom cafea. I'm >pourillg you coffee.
Poti sa dai zaharul? - Can you> pass the sugar?
Nu-i voi spune lui despre asta niciodata. I >wilJ nc\cr tell him about it.
leri am atamat perdelele. Yesterday I > hung the curtains.
Pana acum am tradus doua ciini. So far I > h;1\ l' trallslalL'd two books.
-9-
Tell/say
Ambele verbe au acela~'i inteles, dar Ie folosim in contexte di/erite:
Cu ajutorul verbului say, spunem, exprimam ceva:
He's said a few words about this noveL A spus catcva cuvinte dcspre acest
roman.
They say we have a nice house. Ei spun ca avem 0 casa frumoasa.
""" Cu ajutorul verbului tell spunem cuiva ceva (to tell about·· a povesti, a spline):
He's told me about the book. Mi-a povestit despre carte.

She will tell you about my brother. iti va spune despre fratele meu.
Sa incerciim sa folosim cele invatate. Utilizati forma corespunzatoare a verbului "to say" sau
"to tell" in unnatoarele propozi!ii:
Ti-am vorbit deja despre asta. I've already> told you about it.
EI spune ca nu-i place sora mea. He > says he doesn't like my sister.
Spune ceva despre munca tao > Say something about your work.
EI a spus ca cerul este albastru. He has> s,lid the sky is blue.
Inca nu mi-a spus despre asta. He hasn't> told me about it yet.

Cand vrei sa-i spui nevestei tale despre When do you want to > Il'l I your wife
aceasta ma~ina? about this car?
Unneaza ultimul exerci!iu al acestei parti a lectiei. Traduce!i propozi!iile in Iimba englcza:
Maine voi cumpara farfurii ~i farfurioare. > ]0 11111ITO\\ I \\ill bu) pLtlL'S and saucers.
Nu pot fierbe ouale acum! > I can't hclil tile eggs ntlw'
Vom atama acest tablou in donnitor. > We will hang this picture in the hedroom.
Nu lua Iingura mea, ia-o pe- a tal > Don't take my spoon. take yours.
Acest pe~te prajit este delicios. > This fried fish is lklicioliS.
Copiii no~tri vor veni la noi sambata. > Our children will cOllle til liS on '-;aturdav.
Spune-mi unde sunt ~ervetelele. > Tell me where the n,lpkins ,Ire.
Cate paini prajite poti manea?
Aceasta ma~ina este a mea, ~i aceea este a > This car is mine a III I tbt is his.
lui.
Cand vrei sa pleci Ia Bucure~ti? > \A/hen do VIlll W,lIlt to Iea\ eli))'
BlIcklre~t'.)
Unde pot sa-mi agar haina? > \\hcre call I klllg my coat'.'
Trebuie sa traduc aceasta carte pana in > I 11111'1 tLlI1~Lite this hook hy February.
februarie.
-10-
LECTIA 13. - PARTEA A DODA
Incepem lectia invatand cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ic cu voce tare ~i incercati

sa Ie retineti:
arm > [a:tm] - brat
knee > [ni:] - genunchi
toe > [tou] - deget de la picior
nail > [neil] - unghie
finger > [Hng!i"] - deget
belly > [bcli] - burta, stomac
chest > [t~est 1 piept
elbow > [clbou] - cot
wrist > Irist] - ineheietura mainii
wrist-watch > [rist llot~] ceas de mana
back > [bEk] spate, spinare
shoulders :::-'> [~ouldatz] umen
Repetati acelca~i cuvinte dar in alta ordine:
wrist-watch > Irist llot~] eeas de mana
elbow > [clbou] - cot
finger > [l1ngf/] - deget
knee > Ini:] - genunehi
shoulders > houldarz] - umen
wrist > [rist] - incheietura mainii
chest > It~est] - piept
nail > [neil] - unghie
arm > [aJm] - brat
back > [hEk] - spate, spinare
toe > [tou] - deget de la picior
belly > [hcli] - burta, stomac
- II -
Citi!i cu atentie propozi!iile de mai jos, in care veri intalni ~i cuvintele noi:
(,,) I
You have long anns. > [/U: hl'\ Ion - a. IIlll Ai bra!e lungi.
She was on her knees. Ea In genunchi.
Every man has ten fingers > [cvrl I11I'n hEI tcn Fiecare om are zece
and ten toes. 1
t1nga z /--.nd tCIl (oU/I degete la mana ~i zece la
picior.
Your nails are too long. Unghiile tale sunt prea

lungi.
That man has a big belly. > 11/1.1 mEn hE! :1 big Omul acela are 0 burta
bl'll i mare.
I
Men usually have hair on > !mclJ III jU:Iil hi ,ll d I Barbatii au de obicei par
the chest. Oil ))/:1 t)c~t i pe piept.
My elbow is all right now. > [mal clhou II (\:1 1",111 1l:1lI] Cotul meu este bine acum.
This wrist-watch is hers. > .t [)I IS r1~1

1I
()t~ II
I);1- r I ] Acest ceas de mana este
al ei.
You have a brown back. > [Ill hh :1 hraun bLkj Ai un spate bronzat.
r
She has a shawl on her >1,1 hl/:J~l,i(,nh,l. - Ea are 0 e~arfii pe umeri.
shoulders. )Oli/crl1/j
)
Is your wrist all right now? > i II II)' rlSt (I I 1";111 ILilll Incheietura mainii tale es-
te bine acum?
Traduceti in limba engleza denumirea unnatoarelor paTti ale corpului:
I. spate 6. piept > chc~t
2. umar 7. deget de la mana > llI1!' l')

/ '
3. cot 8. brat > ,11111
4. incheietura > \\ I I,t 9. stomac > bcll\

mainii
5. unghie 10. genunchi > klll'L'
II. deget de la >t(IL'
~ picior
- 12-
Acum ne vom intoarce la timpul Simple Future !ii vom invii{a cum se formeazii interogativul
$i raspllnsllrile corespunziitoare.
intrebarile la timpu! Simple Future se jorrneazii prin inversarea ordinii verbului allxiliar will
$i a substantivullli sau a pronl,lmelui personal.
She will go to Will she go to > [ui! ~i: gou tu Va merge ea maine
Bucharest tomorrow. Bucharest bukarcst tiimornu] la Bucure~ti?
tomorrow?
They will translate Will they translate > [ll il J)/ei trEns leit VOl' traduce
r
this letter. this letter? D/is leta ] aceasta scrisoare?
Transformati urmatoarcle enunturi in propozitii interogative:
We will leave for England tomorrow. > Will we leave for England tomorrow')
Mother will tell them about this boy. > Will mother tell them about this boy')
They will hang ten pictures in their > Will they hang ten picturcs in their
living-room, living-room?
He will use his father's car next month. > Will he usc his f~lthcr's car next month'!
Next week they will come to us. > Will they corne to us next week?
Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii interogative in limba engleza:
VOl' Inecrca sa faca asta maine? > Wil! they try to do it tOI1l0IT()\V'.)
Lmi vei cumpara aceasta haina? > Will you buy me this coat')
Va canta el acest e:intee? > Will he sing this song')
Ne va arata cl camera lui? > Will he show us his roOIll'.!
Vei luera maine? > \Vill you work tOl11orrow?
Ei vor lua eopiii in Anglia? > Will they take the children to England?
Raspunsurile afirmative se fiJrmeaza CII ajutoru! cuvdntului yes, a pronumelui personal. $i a

verbului auxiliar will:
Will they make a bookcase tomorrow? Yes, they will. >[ies D/ ei lIi\]
Will you ask him this question? Yes, I will. >[ies ai lI il ]

Will she visit her brother next week? Yes, she will. >[ies ~i: lI il ]
Completari pronumele personal ~t verbul auxiliar eorespunzator in urmatoarele raspunsuri

scurte:
Will he write to you? Yes, >he will .

Will she cut the trees tomorrow? Yes, >she will
Will you thank them for the book? Yes, >1 will.
Will she wait for us? Yes, >she will
Will your brother come to you next month? Yes, >he will .
- 13 -
Negatia se formeaza eu ajutorul negatiea no pronumelui personala, verbului auxi/iar will,
~ia euvdntului not. Construetia will not se poate preseurta astfel: won't> [u ounl I :
Will you pay for dinner? No, I will not. > [noLI ai lIi! Ilot I
No, I won't. > [noLI ai lI o11nl J
Will he send this letter? No, he will not. > [noll hi: "il Ilot]
No, he won't. > [noll hi: lI ounl ]
Will your parents visit you tomorrow? No, they will not. > [noll n/ ci lIi1 not]
No, they won't. > [noLI D/ei lIo11nt ]
Formulati raspunsul negativ la urmatoarele intrebiiri:
Will they talk to you? No, >Ihey won'l .
Will Peter show you the suit? No, >11C won't.
Will he use this chair? No, >hc \\ on"1 .
Will she tell me about this man? No, >she won"t .
Propozitii/e interogative la care raspundem eu propozitii intregi :'ii nu Ilumai eu cuvintele

"sa" sau "nu" sunt propozitii interogative partiale. Acestea se formeazii ell ajlltorlll unui
pronume interogativ, a~ezat inaintea verbului auxiliar:
When will you come? > [lien lI i1 ill: kam] Cand vei veni?
Dnde vor cina?
Who will do it? > Ihu: llil du: it] - Cine va face asta?
Traduceti urmatoarele intrebari in limba engleza:
La ce ora te vei scula maine? > Whal lime wi II you get UF lomorrow')
Ce ma~ina vei conduce la Londra? >Whal car \vill you dri\c 10 London'!
·111~
Cfmd vei merge la lucru? > Whcn wi II yOli go to work.'!
Cine va cauta ciiinele? > Who wi II look fiJr the dog'!
Dnde vei agata telefonul? > \Vherc will YlHI hallg thc tclephonc'!
Struetura negativii will not/won't 0 putem folosi ~i in propozitii integri:
I won't put on this coat. > [ai lI 01l1l1 rUI Oil lY!is Nu voi imbraca aceasta
kOUl J haina.
They won't buy this house. > [[)\~l lI\Hlllt hai f)/is Nu vor cumpara aceasta
halls] casa.
My sister won't teach in this> [mai sistii'" uOUll1 li:l~ in Sora mea nu va preda in
school. D/ ISS kU: I] aceasta ~coala.
- 14-
in exerci~iul urmator traduce~i propozi~iile in limba engleza:
Nu voi fi niciodata dactilograra. > I will nc\cr bc a typist.
Mama mea va merge maine la spital. > My mothcr will go to hospital tOl1lornw..
Peste doua saptamani nu yom avea de lucru. > \'/c WOI1'( havc \\ork in two wceks.
Cine te va a~tepta? > Who will wait for you')
Unde ne vom opri? > Whcrc wII! \\C stop')
Vei traduce aceasta scrisoare? > \Vill vou translate this Icttcr')
Voi vorbi cu tine despre acest magazin. > We will tcll you about this shop.
lata cateva cuvinte noi:
electric > [ilektrik[ electric
tired > [taiil\J] obosit
sweet dulce
only > [ounli] numai, doar
hungry > [hangri] flamand, infometat
thirsty - insetat
Exersati acelea~i cuvinte dar in alta ordine:
only > [ounlil numai, doar
hungry > [hangri 1 flamand, infometat
electric > [ilektrik] electric
tired > [taiCI r d 1 obosit
thirsty > [T'a:\ti] insetat
sweet > [s u i :t ] dulce
Retineti expresiile urmatoare:
[ am thirsty - cu semnificatia de:
1. Imi este sete. - sens propriu

2. Sunt insetat (de). Doresc - sens figurat
[ am hungry - eu semnificatia de:
l. imi este foame. - sens concret, biologic

2. Sunt infometat dupa ... - sens figurat
- 15 -
In mod sigur v-ati insu~it deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza!
Au instrumente electrice? > Have they electric took)

leri am fost foarte obosit ~i infometat. > I was very tired and h\\I1~cry ycsterday.
Unde ai cumparat aceste mere dulci? > Where did you huy thcse 'iwcct apples')
Mi-e sete. > I am thirsty.
Mi-au trimis numai 0 scrisoare. > They have sent me only one letter.
Intelesul expresiei "only" se schimba in cazul in care este precedat de un

articol hotariit. Semnificatia expresiei the only este: singurul, unicuI.
Articolul hotarit "the" poate fi inlocuit cu un pronume posesiv.
De exemplu:
It's the only plant in this > [its Ol'j ounli pla:nt In Este singura planta in
room. Ol'is ru:m] aceasta camera.
7
He is my only brother. > [hi:z mai ounli bra0 i/j Este singurul meu frate.
Acum sa facem cuno~tinta cu diteva verbe noi:
to taste > [tll teist] a gusta

to feel > [tll fi:l] - a simti, a atinge, a pipai
to begin > [tll bigin] a incepe, a se apuca de
to build > [tll bild] a c1adi, a construi
to catch > [tll kEt~] - a prinde, a apuca, a
retine, a sc imbolnavi de
to fall > [tll 1'0:1] a cadea, a se prabu~i
lata cum folosim aceste verbe in propozitii:
When did you build this > [uen did ill: hild [)I'is Ciind ai construit aceasta
house? hallS] casa?
Today I feel very good. > [t[ldei ai fi:l veri glld] Azi rna simt foarte bine.
Have you already tasted the > [hEv ill: o:lredi teistid Ai gustat deja pe~tele?
fish? OZa fi~]
The leaves are falling from > [07 a li:vI a: r fo:lin(g) - Frunzele cad de pe copaci.
the trees. from [/a tri:2]
Summer always begins in Vara incepe intotdeauna
June. dju:nJ in iunie.
I must catch the train early > [ai mast k Ft~ [)/ a (rein Trebuie sa prind trenul
in the morning. aJli in [)7 a mo:rnin(g)j dimineata devrerne.
- 16-
Cateva verbe noi sunt neregulate. Vom invata formele acestora:
Forma a I-a Forma a II-a Forma a III-a

feel > [ti'lj felt > [kit] felt > [kit)
begin > [hlgin] began > [hlgEn] begun > [hlgan]
catch > [kFt~] caught > rko:t] caught > ~k,).t]
build > !blld] built > [llIIl] built > [biltj

fall > [hi] fell > [fell fallen > : fo: In]
In continuare completati propozitiilc cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului:
Pisica tocmai a prins 0 pasare. The cat has just> caught a bird.
Jeri am cazut pe podea. I > fell on the floor yesterday.
Ei nu au construit inca aceasta casa. - They haven't> bUIlt this house yet.
Cand vei incepe sa cite~ti asta? When will you> hegln to read it?
Cum te-ai simtit cand ti-a vorbit despre - How did you > feci when he told you
asta? about It?
Iar acum yom recapitula intregul material al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Voi merge la magazin ~i voi cumpara > ! \\ III go to thc shop and huy plates and
farfurii ~i ~ervetele. napkin~.
Ai mancat vreodata oua?
Nu mi-e foame. > I'm nut hungl}
Azi nu iau ma~ina mea. a voi lua pe a ei. > 1'111 not takIng l11y car today. I \\ til take
hers
Cina aeeasta a fast delieioasa. > rhls dinner \\ as dclICIUllS.
Ieri am inceput sa eladim un ~opron in > Yesterday \\ e heuan to hu dd a shed In

gradina. the garden.
Nu voi merge eu un autobuz gol. > I \\ on't go hy an empty bus.
Cand imi vei eauta cainele? > \\ hen WIll you look for my dog')
Nu pot agata acest tablou. > ! ClII't hang IhJ~ rlcturc
El mi-a dat sarea. > ! Ie rassed me the salt
Spune-mi unde este fratele tau.
Nu vor traduce niciodata aceasta carte. > Till'} \vill ne\el translate thiS hook
EI a spus ca nu va fi ~ofer. > He has s~lJd he \\ on't he a drl\ er.
Cate unghii are un caine?
- 17-
Iti voi da ccasul mcu. > I will give you my watch.
Nu vreau sa beau, dar mi-c sete. > I dOIl't want to drink but I am thirsty.
La srar~itul lectiei iata obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie. Repetati cuvintele:
[1I] [ci] [0: J [oil [ail

book taste pour boy fried
look plate floor boil bright
put late door why
good date sky
- 18 -
13. RECAPITU LARE
13.1. Pronumele posesiv
Pronumele posesiv sta de obicei inaintea substantivului:

This is my car. - Aceasta este ma$ina mea.
Our housc is large. Casa noastra este mare.
Sunt insa ~i situatii in care pronumele posesiv apare singur, ca un pronume propriu
$i nu este urmat de substantiv. in acest caz se schimba $i fonna lui. $i se nume$te
pronume posesiv propnu:
mille > [main] al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele
yours > [ioJzj al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale tale, alla/ai/ale
dumitale, dumneavoastra
his > [hiz] a1 lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale
hers > [haJz] a1 ci/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale
its > [its] lui, sale, ci (pentru obiecte, notiuni
abstracte, animale)
ours > [auih] - al nostru, a noastra, ai nO$tri, ale noastre
yours > [io:rz] - al vostru, a voastra, ai vo~tri, ale voastre
theirs > [Dzc/z] -- al/a/ai/ale lor
This book is mine. - Aceasta cartc este a mea.

These cars are hcrs. - Aceste ma$ini sunt ale ei.
13.2. Timpul viitor simplu - Simple Future Tense

13.2.1. Acest timp se folose~te astfe I:
1. Pentru descricrea tuturor aqiunilor, evenimentelor obi$nuite sau unice

care se petrec in viitor folosim timpul Simple Futurc.
2. Fom1area lui este simpla: verbului auxiliar "will" ii adaugam fonna I-a
a verbului principal, infinitivul.
Structura propozi!iei:
Pronume + verbul auxiliar + verb principal +
personal fonna a-I-a (infinitiv)
will come to you tomorrow.
She will write a letter today.

Complementele de timp stau la inceputul sau la sfar~itul propozi!iei.
Acele eomplemente de timp care in cazul altor timpuri se afla la
mijlocul propozitiei, la acest timp trec inaintea verbului principal.
3. La persoana I-a singular $i plural (,,1, we"), verbul auxiliar "will" ~i

"shall" [~EI] se pot folosi in cgala masura.Verbul auxiliar "will" se
folosqte insa mai des.
19 -
13.2.2. Intcrogativul
Interogativul la timpul Simple Future se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii

verbului auxiliar "will" :;;i a pronumelui personal sau a substantivului.
She will go to Bucharest - Will she go to Bucharest tomorrow?
tomorrow.
13.2.3. Raspunsurile
Raspunsul afirmativ se formeaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "yes", a pronumelui

personal, :;;i a verbului auxiliar "will".
Will they make a bookcase - Yes, they will.
tomorrow?
Raspunsul negativ se fonneaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "no", a pronumelui

personal, a verbului auxiliar "will" :;;i a cuvantului de negatie "not", Constructia
"will not" poate fi prescurtata "won't",
Structura negativa "will not/won't" poate fi folosita ~i in propozitii complete:

I won't put on this coat. - Nu voi imbraca aceasta haina.
13.3. Verbele "say" ~i "tell"
Ambele verbe au aceea~i semnificatie dar se folosesc in contexte diferite:
*say - "a spune, a zice ceva":

He said a few words about this EI a spus diteva cuvinte despre acest
::-
novel. roman.
They say we have a nice house. Ei spun ca avem 0 casa frumoasa.
*tell - "a spune cuiva ceva":
(to tell about - "a povesti, a spune")

He told me about the book. - Mi-a povestit despre carte.
13.4. "Hungry" ~i "thirsty"
Semnificatia propozitiei ,,1 am thirsty":
I. Imi este sete. (necesitate biologica)
2. Sunt insetat de. Doresc .. , (necesitate sufleteascii)
Semnificatia propozitiei ,,1 am hungry":
I. Imi este foame. (necesitate fiziologica)
2. Am nevoie de (necesitate sufleteasca)
13.5 "Only" ~i "the only"
Semnificatia cuvantului "only" se schimbii in cazul in care este precedat de un

articol hotarat. "The only" are semnificatia de "singurul", "unicul". Articolul hotarat
.,the" poate fi inlocuit cu un pronume posesiv.
- 20-
13. TEMA. PENTRU ACASA
A. Traduceti propozitiile in limba roman a:
I. I haven't caught your cat but theirs.
2. Why are you in a hurry?
3 Who will never build a school?
4. Where won't you go in March?
5. How many pictures has he hung on the wall in the bedroom?
6. I am very hungry.
B. Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza:
1. Peste 0 saptamana voi merge in Anglia.
2. Miiine nu vom lucra deorecc trebuie sa cumparam ciiteva lucruri.
3. Poti sa-mi dai furculita aceea?
4. Nu Ie spune cine a Iacut asta.
5. Trebuie sa spunem ca noi nu am vazut asta.
6. Pot sa folosesc mai;)ina ta?
C. Corectati grei;)elile din propozitiile urmatoare:
I. I will be sleep tomorrow.
2. Have they already translate this letter?
3. This is my plate and that is your.
4. She has already leaved for London.
5. He can't fell in the street.
6. Mary is my the only sister.
- 21 -
LECTIA
, 14. - PARTEA INTAI
Sa incepem lectia, ca de obicei, cu invatarea cuvintelor noi. Cititi-le

cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
platform > [pIEtfoJm] peron, rampa
glass > [gla:s] sticla, pahar
accident > [Eksidallt] accidcnt
ashtray > [E~trci] scrumiera
hammer
vegetables
key
r
> [hEma ]
> [vedjitablz]
> [ki:]
ciocan
legume
chcie
I
story > [sto:ri] povcste, povestire
meat > [mi:t] came
news > [niu:z] ~tiri, noutati, vqti
wood > [lI ud] padure, !emn
Repetati ace!ea~i cuvintc, dar intr-o alta ordine:
vegetables > [vedj itiib lz 1 legume
accident > [Eksidallt] accident
news > [niu:z] ~tiri, noutati, ve~ti
key > [ki:] cheie
platform > [pi Etfo:rm] - peron, rampa

r
hammer > [h Ema ] ciocan
story > [sto:ri] - poveste, povestire
meat > [mi:t] came
ashtray > [E~trci] scrumicra
wood > [lI u d] padurc. lemn
glass >Igla:s] sticla, pahar
~22-
lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozit ii :
Bring me that big hammer. > Ibrin tg ) mi: D/EI big Adu-mi ciocanul acela
r mare!
hEl1la ]
/ Nu uita sa iei cheile!
Don't forget to take the keys. > [doun! forget tu leik 0 [1
ki:l]
Have you heard the news? Ai auzit noutatile?
I t' II r .
There were many people on > lDea a: melll pi:[1i on Erau multi oameni pe pe-
the platform. D I
[I [11 Ett'o:r lll ] ron.
There was an accident in the> [l/e,'{ lin/' an Eksidant A fost un accident in

street. in [/;1 st ri:! J strada.
Will you eat meat tomorrow? > Illi] iu: i:t Il1I'l l[llllorllll] Maine vei manca carne?
He drank a glass of water. > [hi: drEn(~)k [\ glas ll\ EI a baut un pahar cu apa.
li II: t[l r]
There is a lot of glass on > [f/ <"[/ iz [I lot 0\ glas Este 0 multime de stieHi
/ r pe podea.
the floor. on 0 a no: j
Who has told you this story? > [hu: hEI tould iu: [)/is Cine ti-a spus aceasta
s(o:riJ poveste?
We don't have ashtrays at > [lI i : dounl hEv E~trci/' FI Nu avem acasa scrumiera.
home. hOllm]
They used good wood to > [0/ ci iU:l:d gild llud IU Au folosit lemn bun
make the chairs. meik DEC! t~e[\rzJ pentru confeqionarea
scaunelor.
Do you want only > Idu ill: lI ont ollllii Vrei doar legume la cina?
vegetables for dinner? r r
ved.iit[lblz 1'0: diner ]
There are many woods in > [D\~C\r a J I11cni lI udr III Sunt multe paduri in Ang-
England. inglfllJd] lia.
"There was an accident in the shed."
- 23-
Va mai amintiti cuvintele noi? Daca da, atunci folositi-le in urmatoarele propozitii:
Da-i un pahar de lapte! Give him one > gl~\~~ of milk.

Ciocanul a cazut pe podea. The> lumll1Cl fell on the floor.
Va fi 0 poveste lunga. It will be a long> S\OJ ~ .
Ai ve~ti despre accident? Have you> III \\" about the> "celdcnl ?
Am pus cheile pe masa. I have put the> kc y on the table.
la putina came! Take a little> 111C"t .
Vreau sa locuiesc langa 0 padure. [ want to live next to a> \\ (hld.
Trenul pome~te de pe peronul doi. The train leaves from > pl<ltj~ll 111 two.
Vara legumele sunt ieftine. > \cgct,lhk~ are cheap in the summer.
Poti sa-mi dai scrumiera? Can you pass me the > a~hl! av?
In exercitiul urmator dati corespondentul englezesc al cuvintelor romane~ti:
sticIa > ~! I d"~ peron > p]Jtt~lI m
accident > accldcllt cheie > Kn

ciocan > h,,111 111 cr came > \~'C,ll
povestire > ~ t 01 ;- padure > \\ ood
lemn > \\ ~)~)(J ~tiri > IlC\\ "
scrumiera > ,I "IHI d) poveste > slon
legume > \ cgcLlblcs noutati > Ile\\ s
Urmari{i utilizarea euvantului own [(lllll]. Poale sta atat inaintea substantivului, eal ~i in
urma lUI, dar in aeest eaz se leaga de el prin prepozitia of. De exemplu:
1 use my own tools. > [,'I III / Il1dl (lUll ttl III Folosesc uneltele mele
proprii.
He has his own room. > [Ill ll[~z hlz oun ru 1111 El are camera lui proprie.
1 have a garden of my own. > [,II hb :1 ga:1dll 0\ 1ll,1I Am 0 gradina a mea
Ollllj proprie.
She has a house of her own. > [S! hLI C1 Il<lllS 0\ h:t Ea are 0 casa a ei proprie.
Ollll]
Cele doua strueturi se pot inloeui reeiproe.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii folosind cele doua expresii ale cuvantului "own":
Ai biblioteca personala? > I J <'\ C \ II 1I : 0 1I: • l \\ q '> I tl\ " \ l III .1 hoo ked Sl' 0 t
t1t)O!\Llt....,C) '.Utll ()I\ 11 )
Fratele meu are hotelul lui > \1\ blOlhcl hll ... 1, ,,, > \1, bn'lhcl has ,1 Ih)lll ,)1
propriu. '''\ )t~ I !1l '" 0\\ Ii
Am avut diinele meu > :"1 ~IJ 111' 0\\ 11 dug > \ Iud ,: dog oj 111\ (1\\ 1,
(propriu).
- 24-
lata ciHeva verbe noi:
to help > [Ill help] a ajuta
to sell > [Ill sel] a vinde
to clean > rIll kli:n] a curiita
to find > [IU faind] - a gasi

I
to hurt > [Ill ha: I] a rani, a j igni, a durea
to switch on > [tll S ll·II~ on'J a aprinde (lumina)

to switch off > [III s lI.It~ 0 tl a stinge (lumina)
Cateva dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. Invatati formele acestora:
forma a-I-a forma a-II-a forma a-lII-a

sell > [scI] sold > [sould] sold > [sould]
find > [faind] found > [faund] found > [faund]

hurt > [ha:rt] hurt > lha:!t] hurt > [ha:!t]
Sa exersam folosirea verbelor in propozitii. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la
pronuntia corecta:
She helped me to write this > [~i: helpt mi: Iu rait D/is M-a ajutat sa scriu
letter last week. leta ' la:sl lI i :k ] aceasta scrisoare
sapUimana trecuta.
He wI'11 clean hl's OWll shoes. > [hI'·. lIl'l kl'I:n I'
lIZ oun ;;;U:Z J j ~i va curata pantofii
(proprii).
Where did you find the > [liCar did ill: faind D/[j Unde ai gasit biletele?
tickets? tikits]
Last night I hurt my knee. > [Ia:st nait ai h[j:'"t mai ni:] - Noaptea treeuta mam
ranit la genunchi.
r
His arm hurts. . I
> [hlz a: m h{l: IS] II doare bratul.
. h on th
SWltc ipease.
e toaster, > [s lI.It~ on 0 7 a tOUSt[1 r Pome~te, te rog, prajitorul
pli:z] de paine.
Did you switch off the lamp > [did iu: slIit~ of l/a Ai stins ieri lampa?
yesterday? tEmp icsU/lki]
They have sold seven cars > [O/ci hEv sou1d SC\11 Ei au vandut azi ~apte
today. ka:'"z ([Idci] ma~ini.
Have you cleaned your > [hEv iu: kli:nd 10: ru:m Ti-ai curatat deja camera?
room yet? iel]
Will you sell your house? > fUjI iu: sci io:'" haw;] Iti vei vinde casa?
- 25-
In exercitiul unnator completati propozitiile cu fonna corespunzatoare a verbului:
Sora ei i-a ajutat des. Her sister often> helr,xi them.
£1 tocmai ~i-a ranit incheietura mainii. He has just> hurt his wrist.
Ai vandut multe carti? Have you > ~nld many books?
Ieri am gasit acest ciocan. Yesterday I > fOUlld this hammer.
Maria tocmai deschide radioul. Mary is just> S\\ Itchll1g nil the radio.
Trebuie sa curatam casa pana vineri. We must> elean the house by Friday.
Inchide televizorul! > Sv" Itch oft the TV set.
Va amintiti desigur cele trei fonne ale verbelor noi. Traduceti unnatoarele verbe in limba
engleza, in~irand cele trei forme ale verbelor:
a vinde >lO scll > sold > ~()Id
a rani >tn hurt > hurt > hUI t

a curata >ro clean > cJcdllUl > c lcdlled
a aprinde (lumina) > to ~\\Itch on > S\\ ItLhcd on > S\\ I tehed Oil
a gasi >to fIlld > fUllild > fdUI1d
a ajuta > to help > helped > hel]1cd
a stinge (lumina) > tl) '\\Itch oC! > S\\ Itchcd nrl > ~\\ Itched off
Acum unneaza ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i tJti atenti la pronuntia corecta:
old > [ould I in varsta, vechi, batran

new > [Il/U I nou
~ (\1)
everything > IC\l 11 1n " J tot, toate
everybody > [('vllbodll fiecare, toti, toata lumea
clean > [kl i. n] curat, neted
nobody > InoubodJ I nimeni
nothing > [naT "In (,,)
" ] nimic
American > [ClmcIIUn] american
Exersati acelea~i cuvinte ~i intr-o alta ordine:
everybody > [c\nbodl] fiecare, toti, toata lumea

clean > [kiI·n] curat, neted
American > [:lllH.'llkJllJ american
s (,)
nothing > Illaf Ill" 1 nimic
nobody > [lloubociIJ nimeni
new > [Il/u·l nou
,S (l!)
everything > [c\rIl In" tot, toate
old > [ouldj in varsta, vechi, batran
- 26-
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii:
r
Everybody knows her. > lc\'ribodi nou/' hfi: ] Toata lumea 0 cunoa~te.
There is nothing in the > [Olear iz naT'in(gl in - Nu este nimic in

ashtray. O/i E~trei] serumiera.
This is an old magazine. > [Ozis iz an ould Aceasta este 0 revista

mEgazi:n] veche.
He has forgotten everything. > [hi: hEz forgotn EI a uitat totu\.

cniT'in(g)j
I have bought a new suit. > [ai hb ho:t {I niu: su:t] Am cumparat un costum
nou.
There was nobody in the > [O/e/ lI oz noubodi in Nu era nimeni in camera.
room. D/a nun]
She is an American. > hi: iz an {lIl1crikrll1! Ea este 0 americanca.

/ I'I:n J
Are the windows clean? > [ a: r 0 a- 1I.111 d OUI Lt\.
Geamurile sunt curate?
Legat de complementul circumstantial never, am inviitat deja cii in limba englezii. nu existii
negafie dublii. Aceastii regulii este valabita ~i pentru cuvintele nobody, nothing, de exemplu:
I saw nobody in the street. Nu am vazut pe nimeni in strada.

So far he has done nothing. Pana acum el nu a facut nimic.
in exercitiul urmiitor eompletati propozitiile eu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Cartile noi sunt scumpe. > New books are expensive.

Nu pot face nimic pentru tine. I can do > nothing for you.
Cine este acest om batran? Who is this> old man?
Voi spune asta la toata lumea. I will tell> c\crybody about it.
Totul este gata. > !:vcrythint! is ready.
Nu voi ajuta pe nimeni. I will help> nobody.
Aceste farfurii nu sunt curate. These plates are not> clean.
Ma~inile americane sunt seumpe. > Amcrican cars are expensive.
Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos:
Nu pot vorbi cu nimeni. > I can talk to nobody.

Iti plac cantecele americane? > Do you like Amcrican songs"
Tocmai am cumparat 0 ma~ina noua. > I havc just bought a Ih:W car.
Toata lumea vrea sa lucreze in aceasta ~coala. > Everybody wants tu work in this :>chool.
Trebuie sa vand aceste tablouri vechi. > I must sell these old pictures.
Camera este curata acum. > The mum is clean Il(m.
Nimic nu este u~or. > "othlng is casy
Iti voi da totul. > I \\ill gl\<:' vou ,,;vc'lything.
- 27-
Retineti ca pronumele everybody ("fiecare, toti, toata lumea") se afla
intotdeauna la persoana a-HI-a singular.
in lectiile anterioare amfacut deja cuno~tintii Cll tlmpul Present Continuous, pe care-l tolosim
pentru exprimarea actiunitor care se desra~oara in momentul vorbirii. Dacii vrem sii descriem
o actiune din trecut, care s-a desta~urat la moment dat sau intr-o anumitii perioada. atunci
folosim timpul Past Continuous Tense [pa 'st kontil1luas tCl1s]. Perioda se indicii printr-un
complement de timp, sau cu ajutorul unei propozitli la timpul trecut simplu. dar poale reie~i
~l din context.
La construirea propozitiei folosim pronumele personal sau substantlvul, forma

corespunziitoare de trecut a verbului to be (was/were) ~i verbul principal cu sufixul -ing.
Pronumele + verb auxiliar + verb principal +

personal -ing
I was walking yesterday at five.
They were cleaning their room all day
yesterday.
Conjunctia while [lIad] - pe cfmd, in timp ce, se folose?te des eu timpul Past Continuous, ~i
exprimii desfii~urarea simultanii a doua actiuni.
/~ LI ( ,,)
The sun was shining while > I D a sal1 oz ,;>:1111111 e- Soarele stralulcea in timp
LI LI L1~ r II (g)
we were walking. ail I. d. () kll1 ~ ] ce ne plimbam.
We were listening to the > Illi. L1 aJ lisnm(g) tu D/a Noi ascultam radioul in
radio, while our father was rciulOu llail aUJ
I fa: r/:l
l timp ce tatal nostru citea
reading a newspaper. L1 0z ri:dll1(g) :1 ziarul.
r
niu:zpclpa ]
- 28-
Nu uitati ca, in casul folosirii sufixului -ing, precum $i a verbelor care nu au forma continua,
sunt valabile regulile invatate la timpul Present Continuous,
Timpul Past Continuous se folose$te $i atunci eand vrem sa exprimam ea in timpul de,~fasurarii
unei ac/iuni a inceput 0 alta ac/iune. Aceasta ac/iune din lfrma se exprima prin timpul Simple
Past.
I was having dinner when >[,\1 lim hE\ in(g) dina' - Cinam dnd a venit John.
John came. lI cn <lInn kClmJ
Alte exemple pentru utilizarea timpului Past Continuous:

/ II 1I (" I
The wind was blowing all > I]) i\ 111<.1 oz blollll1 " Vantul a suflat ieri toata
day yesterday. u:l (kl Ibt:l' dCI] ZlUa.
His son was working at six >1111/ ~,111 11(l/ lIi\,l

k' !lig) 1-'1 In urma cu doua zile fiul
two days ago. ~Ik~ tll: dcu [1t!f)1I] sau lucra la ~ase.
/ lI_ r II ,,(12,) r
They were waiting for me > II) CI a, l'ltll1 ~ I'll: M-au a~teptat de la unu la
from one to three, 1111: from [\lln III T'n: I trei.
rar acum sa exersam timpul trecutul cantinuu. Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile
urmatoare:
leri la ora cinci am scris 0 scrisoare. > ·\1 fl\l' \,',kllL" I 1\'\', \1 lltlng d k'ttL'r
Soarele a stralucit ieri toata ziua. > fhl ~lln \\d~ ~!J,nln~' .Iii d,l) )CSICltIJ),
in timp ce am Iaceam curat copiii mei > \\'!lIk I I\,I~ I i,,1:11:1:~ 11\ chlldrcn \ICIT
stateau in griidina.
In timp ce conduceam ma~ina, am vazut-o > \\ il'!l- I ".Is ,1",\ Ill)! i1;,.. ,dr I S\I\\ 111\
pe sora mea pe strada. ~"te:! 1:1 111,_' "llc·:t
Ploua dnd m-am trezit. > \\ l1c:n I L',I! Iii' It \\d~ 1-II'Jlng,
Am cautat aceasta carte de la cinci la ~ase. > I \\:h Il'(,klnL Illi \!'I' !w'lk In'l11 11\ l' {(1
'~i '>
lnterogativul la timpu! Past Continuous se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subieetului $i a

verbului auxiliar. in cazul intrebarilor complexe. inaintea verbului auxiliar se pune un pronume
interogativ:
Were you walking in the park at three - Te plimbai in parc ieri la trei?
yesterday?
Was he drinking beer when you saw him? £1 ea bere dnd l-ai vazut?
Where was he going when I came? Unde mergea cand am venit eu?
Riispunsurile afirmative se formeaza eu ajl/toru! cuvantu!ui yes, a pronumelui personal $i a

verbului auxiliar. La formu!area nega/iei folosim cuvantul no, pronumele personal, verbul
auxiliar was/were $i cuvantu! de nega(ie not (jorma prescurtata: wasn't, weren't).
Was he driving home at six yesterday? Yes, he was. No, he was not.
No, he wasn't.
Were they doing it all day yesterday? Yes, they were. No, they were not.
No, they weren't.
- 29-
Structura negativa se folose$te 'Ii in propozi{ii intregi'
They weren't cleaning the > [D/el Ua.f nt kJi nln(g) Ei nu curalau easa lunea
house at seven last Monday. D/a hallS Et se\ n la.st treeuta la ~apte.
mandel]
U (l.!) U
She wasn't writing when I > [~I: oznt rallm ~ en al Ea nu scria cand am venit
came into the room. kelm intll D"a rll.m] in camera.
Acum tradueeti urmiHoarele propozilii in limba engleza:
Trenul a plecat la clnci de pc peronul trei. > At five the tialll \\as Iem IIlg hom pldt-
form three.
Toata ziua am cautati eri cheile. > I \\ as lookmg for the keys all day
yesterday.
Ce Iaceai leri la aceasta ora? > Whdt \\ere yOU dOlllg thiS time
yesteludy"!
Cand am fost la Bucurqti, a nins tot timpul. > \\ hell I was ill Bucharest It \\ dS snowing
all the tnne
Mama mea gatea clna cand am intrat in > My mother lIas cookmg the dinnel \Ihen
casa. I el1tered the house.
Unde te-ai dus ieri la noua? > Vv here \\ ere you gOlllg at I1me yesterday?
Noi curatam camera in timp ce tata lucra in > We \1 el e c1eanll1g the room 1\ h lie father
griidina. \\,lS \\orklllg 111 the garden
Ma doare spatele.
Imi vei cumpara acest ceas? > Will you buy me thiS watch'?
Vreau sa am 0 ma~ina electnca. > I \Iant til h,1\C ,111 clectnc car
Nu mi-e foame, insa ml-e foarte sete > I'm 110t hUllgl) but \Ci\ t!lust\
Cand sunt oboslt merg intotdeauna la 0 > Whell 1 am tlfed I ah\ a) s go fiJr a short
plimbare scurta. \\ alk.
Ieri dimineata lucrau doar zece oameni. > Yesterday llJl1ll1l1lg only ten people wcrc
worklllg.
Petre este singurul barbat din familia > Peter IS the ollly man III OUI lamliy
noastn1.
len seara inca mal construiau casa. > Yesterday e\elllllg the) I\Cle stlil
buildlllg the house
Cum te simti azi? > floll :ue yOll feeling today'?
Cand a fost acest aCCident? > What time \I,h thiS aCCident"
La opt vom asculta ~tirile. > We \\ III listen to the ne\\'" at cight
Ajuta-ma sa gasesc cheile. > Help me to find the keys.
- 30 -
Vom merge la magazin ~i yom cumpara > We will go to the shop and buy
legume. vegelables.
Mi-a spus povestea vietii lui. > Hc told me the story of his life.
Pe care peron este trenul nostru? > At which platform is Ullr train')
Toata ziua nc-am plimbat ieri in padure. > Wc were walking in the wood all day
yesterday.
Am vfmdut deja 0 suta de pahare. > We have already suld a hundred glasses.
Nimeni nu vrea sa vorbeascii cu tine. > Nobody wants to lalk with ynu.
Am spus deja totuI. > I have already said everything.
hi plac ma~inile americane? > Do you like .'\Il1Crlcan cal's')
Nu am nimic. > I have nUlhint'.
Ce Iaceai cand te-am viizut in geam? > What were you duing when I sa\\ vou in
the window')
lata exercitiul pentru exersarea pronuntiei in limba engleza! Repeta!i cuvintcle:

I
U1: ] [i:] [ou} [~Ii 1
hurt clean toaster find

bird been go smile
work green know kind
church seen own I
- 31 -
LECTIA
, 14. - PARTEA A DODA
Cititi cu atentie dialogul unniHor. Repetati acest exercitlU pfma va convingeti de faptul ca
v-ati insu~it pe deplin pronuntia ~i intonatia. Cuvintele ~i si labele accentuate sunt tiparite cu
Iitere ingro~ate.
Peter: I saw an accident yesterday.

Mary: Was it in Station Street?
Peter: Yes, it was. I was buying vegetables when I saw it.
Mary: How many people were hurt?
Peter: Ten people hurt their arms and legs. The doctors took these people to the
hospital.
Barbara: I heard sad news yesterday.

Tom: What was it about?
Barbara: It was about a man who left his wife and children and went to America.
Tom: What did he do in America?
Barbara: There he began to build a house but he didn't have money.
Tom: And what was the sad news?
Barbara: He hurt his fingers when he used a hammer.
John: I bought an old car last week.

Mary: Why did you buy an old car?
John: Because I didn't have much money, and I have never had a car of my own.
Barbara: Do you have eggs for breakfast?

Peter: I usually don't have eggs for breakfast.
Barbara: What do you want for breakfast then?
Peter: I want toasts and butter.
Barbara: Do you like salt on your toast?
Peter: No, thank you. Salt makes me thirsty and it is not good for me.
Barbara: Your toast will be ready in a minute. I use my electric toaster.
Peter: Put the napkins near the plates.
Barbara: Yes, I do it that way. But don't eat III a hurry. It's not good.
Mary: John, what have you done all day today?

John: I have been at work today and now I am thirsty.
Mary: Why? Haven't you drunk all day today?
John: Yes, I have, but I am always thirsty after a long day of work.
Mary: What do you want to drink.
John: I want to have a glass of beer.
Mary: Do you want your beer in a tall glass?
John: Yes, please. I like tall glasses.
Mary: And then do you want to listen to the radio?
John: No. This evening I want to go to the cinema together with you.
- 32-
Jar acum sa exersam materialul invatat in cele doua lectii. Traduceti propozitiile in limba
engleza:
Trebuie sa cumparam farfurii ~i farfurioare > We Illust buv new plates and sauccrs.
noi.
Vei manca oua ~i paine prajita la micul > Will you cal eggs and tO~IS\S fiJr
dejun? break 1~lst')
Ai curatat deja gratarul pentru prajit paine? > Ila\'c: vou ckanecl the toaster yet"
Tatal tau are mai multi bani decat al meu. > Your 1:lther has more money than mine,
Camea prajita este adesea unsuroasa. > Fried meat is oneil faL
Nu face asta in graba. > DOll't do it in a hurry,
Ei nu ne vor ajuta. > They WOll't help we.
Vei vorbi surorii tale despre acest om? > Will you tell your sister about this mall"
Parintii mei tocmai pleaca la Londra. > My parents have just left for London,
Maine nu voi traduce multe scrisori. > I won'! translate many Idters tomorrow,
Poti sa-mi tomi 0 cea~ca de cafea? > Can you pour mc a cup of eofte"
Miercurea trecuta au agatat toata ziua > Last WedJ1l'sday the'y were hanging
tablouri in dormitor. pictures in the bedroom all day,
Vrei sa spui ca nu ai citit aceasta carte? > Do you want to S~IY VOLI hal Cl1,t read
this hook')
Unde pot gasi acest gratar pentru prajit > \Vhcrc call I find this toaster')
paine?
Unicul lor copil tocmai a plecat in Anglia. > Their only child has just Idt for England,
Aceasta paine prajita este a ta? > Is this toast yours')
Ma grabesc deoarece la cinci trebuie sa fiu > I alll in a hurry bccluse 1 must be at
acasa. hl)l11l' at !I\ e,
Yom face totdeauna mobila buna. > Wl' \\ ill ~JiI\il\S make good furniture,
Cand cautam ciocanul am gasit aceasta > When I was look ing for the hammer I
scrisoare veche. found this old letter.
Nu-mi vorbi despre acest om. > Don't tell me about this man.
Unde vei duce copiii anul viitor? > Where will you tilke the c:hildren Ilex\
year"
Ieri la noua au plecat in Anglia. > Yesterd~IY at 11 i 111' th,'\ II ell' leal ill,!! f()r
EIl,!!land,
Spune ca nu e~ti obosit.
Nimeni nu mi-a spus despre asta.
- 33 -
14. RECAPITULARE
14.1. "My own/of my own"
Cuvfmtu1 "own" !, 'lIll; poate figura in doua expresii. Sta inainte sau dupa un
substantiv, impreuna cu pronumele posesiv. Dacii sta dupa substantiv, atunci se
leaga de acesta cu prepozitia "of'. De exemp1u:
I use my own tools. Fo1osesc propriile instrumente.
He has his own room. El are camera proprie.
I have a garden of my own. Am 0 griidina proprie. (Am gradiuamea.)
She has a house of her own. Ea are 0 casa proprie.
Ce1e doua expresii se pot inlocui reciproc.
14.2. Alaturi de pronume1e "nobody" ~i "nothing" nu se folose~te alta negatie. In limba

engleza nu exista negatie dubla.
1 saw nobody in the street. Nu am vazut pe nimeni in starda.
So far he has done nothing. Pana acum e1 nu a Iacut nimic.
14.3. Pronumele "everybody" ("fiecare, toti, toata lumea") se afla intotdeauna la persoana
a III-a singular.
Everybody wants some tea. - Toata lumea vrea putin ceai.
14.4. Timpu1 trecut continuu - The Past Continuous Tense
14.4.1. Utilizarea timpu1ui:
Acest timp se folose~te pentru descrierea actiunilor care s-au desIa~urat intr-un
anumit moment sau intr-o anumita perioada din trecut.
14.4.2. Structura propozitiei:

Pronume + verb auxiliar + verb principal + ...
personal + -ing
I was walking yesterday at five.
They were cleaning theIr rooms all day
yesterday.
14.4.3. Conjunetia "while" [lI aI! J- "pe cand, in timp ce" se folose~te des cu timpu1
Past Continuous ~i exprima faptul ca doua actiuni se desIa~oara in acela~i timp:
We were listening to the radio Noi ascultam radioul in timp ce tatal
while our father was reading a nostru citea ziarul.
newspaper.
14.4.4. De asemenea timpul Past Continuous se folose~te ~i atunci dnd 0 actiune din
trecut a fost intrerupta de 0 alta actiune. (Aceasta ultima actiune este 1a timpu1
Simple Past).
I was having dinner when John - Cinam dnd a venit John.
came.
- 34-
14.4.5. Propozitii interogative ~i raspunsurile la acestea.
1. Propozitiile interogative la timpul Past Continuous se fonneaza prin inversarea

ordinii subiectului ~i a verbului auxiliar. In cazul 'intrebarilor eomplexe 'inaintea
verbului auxiliar se gase~te un pronume interogativ.
Were you walking in the park at Te plimbati in pare ieri la trei?
three yesterday?
Where was he going when I came? - Unde mergea dnd am venit eu?
2. Raspunsurile afinnative se fonneaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "yes", al pronumelui

personal ~i a verbului auxiliar "was/were". La formularea raspunsului negativ
folosim cuvantul de negatie "no", pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar
"was/were" ~i cuvantul "not". ("was/were not" se poate prescurta astfel "wasn't"
~i "weren't".)
Was he driving home at six yesterday?

- Yes, he was. - No, he wasn't.
Were they doing it all day yesterday?

- Yes they were. - No, they weren't.
3. Structura negativa 0 putem folosi ~i in propozitii complete:

They weren't cleaning the house Ei nu au curatat casa lunea trecuta la
at seven last Monday. ~apte.
- 35-
14. TEMA PENTRU ACASA
My train is at platform seven.
2. It will be a house of my own.
3. I will tell nobody about this accident.
4. While they were buying vegetables Peter was looking for the keys.
5. Will you help me to clean the house?
6. He has just found his old purse.
B. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
1. Cand taiam paine mi-am taiat ~i degetul.
2. Nu voi merge la Bucure~ti.
3. Pentru el nimic nu este greu.
4. Aici totul este al tau.
5. In timp ce 0 ajutam sa traduca aceasta scrisoare copiii mei se plimbau in gradina.
6. Vreau sa am un apartament al meu.
I. She willn't visit her old mother today.
2. I didn't see nobody in the square.
3. They want to have a big house of my own.
4. I looked for my book all day yesterday.
5. Have you already selled that new watch?
6. I will give you every thing.
- 36-
LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE DIN LECTIILE 13. SI 14.
forma I-a forma a II-a forma a -III-a
begin > [bigin] began > [bigEn] begun > fbigan]
build >[bild] built > [bilt] built > [bilt]
catch > [kEt';;] caught > [ko:t] caught > [ko:tJ

fall > [to:11 fell > [fell fallen > [fo:lnj
feel > [11:1] felt > Ifelt] felt > [felt]
find > [faindJ found > [faund] found > [t:lUnd I

l (,,) In)
hang > [hEn !!)] hung > [han =,] hung > [han ~ ]
hurt > [ha:"] hurt > [ha:'t] hurt > [ha:'t]
leave > [Ii:v] left > [lcrt] left > [lcrt]
sell > [sci] sold > [sollld] sold > [s(\LildJ
tell > [tel] told > [touJd] told > [tould]
- 37 -
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 13. Sf 14.
accident > [Ebidiint] accldcnt
American > [amCl lkim] amencan
t
arm > [a. 111] brat
ashtray > [E~tleIJ scrumiera
back > [bH] spate, spmare
to begin > [tu hlginl d incepe, a sc apuca de
belly > ! bc I! I burta, stomac
to boil > [tu boil] a fierbe, a clocotl
to build > [tu bJld] a cladl, a construi
to catch > itu Hh] a prinde, a apuca
chest > It?e~t] plept
clean > [k II :n] curat ingrIJ it
to clean > [tu kll n] a curata
delicious > [ d!li~{b] delIcios, say uros
egg .> [eg: I au
egg-cup > leg: kap] pahar pentru oua
elba\'.. > [c1 bou I cot
electric > ! llektllk! electne
empty > iem})t!i gal, neoeupat, hbel
everybody > I c'vllbdllI; fiecare, toti. toata 1umea
s (»
everything > [C\ rlT III "" ] tot toate(Jucrurile)
to fall > Itu 1'0'1] a C{idea, a ~e prabu~l
fat > I1'r t] gras, unsuros

to feel > [tu fl:l] a sllnti
to find > [tu fallld] a gasi
finger > [fing/j deoet
b
fork '> [fa \1 furclilita

fried > [frald] prajjt, fhpt
glass > [gla's] stlela, pahar
hammer > [hEmarJ cioean
to hang > [IU h F n(g)J a atama, a 19a1a
to help > [tu help j a ~l)lItd
his > [ill/ j al IUI;s{lU: ~ 1111 sa; aI
IUI;~:"ll: ale lUI sale

hers '> Ihill/ I al ei/~iill: a elisa: dJ el'sal:
ale eiisdle
hungry > [hangn I flamfl11d. infometat
in a hurry > lin il han I in grabiL la repezeala
- 38 -
to be 111 a hurry > Itu bl: 111 a hanl a se grabl, a-I da zor
~ r
to hurt > I tll !la. t] a rani, a lovi, a jigni
its > [its] lui, sal.::, ei (pentru

obieete, notiuni abstracte,
animalc)
key > [kl: J cheie
knee > [ni: I genunchi
to leave > 111I 11 \ I a parasi, a pleca, a pleca

la ..
l
to leave for > rt 1I I] \ l·u. ] a lasa (ceva pentru). a se
mula de 13 ., .Ia. a
schimba ... eu
meat > [ml Ii carne
mIne > IIlUIll J al meu, a mea, al mei, ale
mele
nail > [ne"] unghie
napkin > [nEpkin] ~ervcteL ~ervet
new > [niu:] nOli

news > [niu:zl ~tire, noutate, veste sau
~tiri, noutati, vqti
nobody > [1l11llh,di I nilTIe11l
' (u)
nothing > [naT In " I I1lITIIC
old > [ould] in viirsta, v~chi( e), batriin

only > [OUIl!] ] numai, doar
the only > [P/IOlll1lt] singuruL unieul
ours > : '1lI,~\ I L] al nostru, a noastra, ai
no~tri, ale noastre
own > [tHIIl] propriu. personal
to pass > Ilu p,LS I a pasa. a da
plate > [plcit] farfurie
r
platform > I plElro: III I peron, rampa
I
to pour > [tu pll. I a tuma, a varsa
salt > 1st): 11 j sarc (de bU;::iHarie)
salt-cellar > [~O It ~elj'! solnila
saucer > I ~O ~~\I j farfurioara, suport pcntru
pahar
to sell > [tll scI] a \ inde. a desface
shall > hl:l] verb auxJlwr pentru
fonnarea viitorului la
p~'rsoana 1-,] singular :~i
plural
I
shoulders > hOllld:! I I umcri
spoon > I,pu n I lingura
- 39
story > I~to rI] povestire, relatare
sweet > I ~ 1I, II dulce
1I
to switch on > [tu " Ib on] a aprinde (lumina), a pune
in (functione un aparat
electric)
1I
to switch off > IlU s It~ on a stinge (lumina), a scoate
din (functione un aparat
electric)
to taste > Itu tClstl a gusta
to tell > [tu tcl] a spune
theirs > [D/dz] alia/ai/ale lor
thirsty > [Tsa \tl] insetat
tired
toast
toaster
> [taliI1d]
> [toust]
> [tollsta r]
obosit, ostenit
paine prajita
gratar pentru prajit piiinea
• ~
toe > [tOll] deget de la picior

to translate > [t II trr nslelt 1 a traduce
to use > [t II III /1 a folosi, a utiliza, a
intrebuinta
vegetables > [\ Cdjlt{lb,/] legume
III
while > I <III i pe ciind, in timp ce
wood > [dud! padure, codru, lemn
will > [l'il1 verb auxiliar pentru
forrnarea viitorului
wrist > IrIst] incheietura mainii
1I
wrist-watch > [rIst ot~1 ceas de mii::la
...,
yours > [10'
1
z] al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale tale,
alia/ai/ale dumitale sau
dumneavoastra, al vostru,
a voastra, ai vo~tri, ale
•
voastre
- 40-
RECAPITULARE
1. Folosirea sufixului -ing:
a. Se elimina -e-ul mut de la sIar~itul cuvantului:
come - coming
b. Verbele formate dintr-o singura silaba dubleaza consoana finala:
stop - stopping
Aceasta regula este valabila ~i in cazul verbelor formate din mai multe silabe, daca
ultima silaba este accentuata ~i consoana finala este precedata de 0 vocala:
forget - forgetting
2. Adaugarea sufixelor -s ~i es la substantive ~i la verbe:
a. SubstantiveIe sau verbele care se termina in -ss, -ch, -sh, -x, -0 primesc terminatia -es:
watch - watches
teach - teaches
go - goes
b. Litera -y in pozitie final a, precedata de 0 vocala, se transforma in -i, iar apoi se adauga
terminatia -es:
city - cities
try - tries
LECTIA 15 " "
PARTEA INTAI
,
Sa incepem lectia cu cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu atentie:
bill > [bil] - bancnota, factura,

nota de plata
change > lt~eindj] - schimbare, schimb

valutar, (bani)
marunt (marunti)
library > [laibrari] - biblioteca
colour > [kala'] - culoare
fruit > [fj'u:t] - fruct
neighbour > [neiba r ] - veCln
pear > [pear] - para
grape > [grcip] - strugure
orange > [orindj] - portocala
break > [breik] - pauza
grass > [gra:s] - iarba
food > [fu:d] - mancare, hrana
another > [~lI1aD7 il'] - altul, alta
fruit > [fru:t] - fruct
grape > [greip] - strugure
bill > [bil] - bancnota, factura,

nota de plata
another > l anaD'a r] - altul, alta
library > [Iaibrari] - biblioteca
colour > [kala r] - culoare
break > [breik] - pauza
food > [fu:d] - mancare
orange > [orindj] - portocala
pear > [peil r] - para
neighbour > [neibarJ - vecin
change > [tseindj] - schimbare, schimb

valutar, (bani)
marunt (marunti)
2
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu atentie:
We buy food every day. > ["I: bai fll'd rvn dC/] - Noi cumparam zilnic mancare.
The weather is changing. - Vremea se schimba.
Now we must pay the bill. > [nau "I: mast PCI D/a btl] - Acum trebuie sa piatim factura.
What colour were her eyes? > ["ot kala' "a:' ha:' ,liZ] - Ce c'uloare aveau ochii ei?
We've had only one break > ["I.\ hEd aunli "an brelk - Pana acum am avut 0
so far. sau fa:'] singura pauza.
Have you seen your new > [hEv Ill: sl:n 10:' nlll: - I-ai vazut deja pe noii uli
neighbours yet? nC/ba'z ICt] vecini?
There is grass in our garden. > [IYca' iz gra:s in alia' ga:'dn] - In gradina noastra este iarba.
Take thIs book from > [kik IYlS buk from - Ia cartea aceasta de la
the library. IYa lalbran] biblioteca.
I must buy another suit. > [at mast bal ,lI1aIYa' su:t] - Trebuie sa cumpar un alt costum.
These grapes are delicious. > [IYI.Z grelps a:' dI1i~as] - Strugurii ace~tia sunt delicio~i.
Taste one of these oranges. > I h~ls\ ",m av [Yl'Z onndjlz] - Gusta una din aceste portocale.
They eat a lot of fruit. > [IYel I.t a lot a\ fnl'l] - Ei mananca multe fructe.
Where can I buy pears? > [" ea ' kh1 at bal pca'z] - De unde pot sa cumpar pere?
3
Completati propozitlile in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte:
Ai facturi de platit? - Do you have> bIlls to pay?

Am vandut toate fructele. - We have sold all the> fruits.
Sunt scumpe portocalele? - Are> Of anges expensive?
Ieri am uitat sa cumpar mancare. - I forgot to buy> food yesterday.
Nu-mi plac aceste schimbari. - I don't like these> changes.
Pe atunci aveam vecini amabili. - We had nice> neighbours then.
Pe masa sunt mere ~i pere. - There are apples and> pears on the table
Aceasta pauza este prea lunga. - This> break is too long.
~tii unde este aceasta biblioteca? - Do you know where this> library is?
Vrei sa cumperi doar struguri? - Do you want to buy only> grapes?
Toamna iarba este galbena. - > G I ass is yellow in the autumn.
Ce culoare au ochii ei? - What> colour are her eyes?
Da-mi alta carte. - Give me > another book.
Sa vedem in ce masura v-ati insu~it cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
biblioteca > Ilbl<IIY

iarba > gIl.lS~
pauza > hlcJk

fruct > (llill
mfmcare > (Dud
altul, alta > anothcr

vecm > nClghhour . ',.
culoare > colour ~ .:.:.
....
~
.:
schimbare > changc "
.....
para > pcar
portocala > OJ <lngc
chitanta > hill

strugure > grJpc
Partea de gramaticd a acestei /ectii se referd /a grade/e de comparatie ale adjective/or ,~i adverbelor:
1. Adjective/e ~i adverbe/e formate dintr-o singurd silabd primesc sujixu/ -er /a comparativ,
respectiv -est /a super/ativ:
nice llIcer the nicest
> [n<ll>] > [llal\.1 j > l [Y.I nalsastj

- amabil - mai amabil - cel mai amabil
4
Adjectivele $i adverbele care se terminii in -e mut, VOl' piel'de acest -e la adiiugarea terminariei
-er sau -est:
2. Nu uitari: in limba englezii. inaintea superlativului se pune intotdeauna articolul hotiirat the:
tall taller the tallest
>[10.1] > [lo.la']
- inalt - mai inalt - cel mai inalt
short shorter the shortest
>[ ~ort] > [~o:'(a'] > [[)fa ~o:Jlast]
- scund - mai scund - cel mai scund
3. in cadrul recapituliirii v-am reamintit regula potrivit ciil'eia consoana jinalii a verbului se
dubleazii in cazul adiiugiirii unui sujix. Aceastii regulii este va/abilii ~i in cazul adjectivelor:
big bigger the biggest
>[ big] > [biga'] > [IYa bigast]
-mare - mai mare - cel mai mare
4. in cazul adjectivelor $i adverbelor compuse din dOlla sau mai multe silabe care se terminii in
y, litera jinalii se transfol'mii in i la adiiugarea sujixelor -er sau -est:
windy windier the windiest
>[ lljl1lh J > ["indla'] > [lYa lljmlJast]
- vantos - mai vantos - eel mai vantos
in cazul adjectivelor la gradul comparativ se folose~te adesea cuvantul

than [IYf-nJ - ca ~i, decat.
Cititi eu atentie propozitiile urmatoare, care contin adjective ~i adverbe la diferite grade de eomparatie:
My trousers are longer > [mal hUllZa'l: a I lOH(~)ga' - Pantalonii mei sunt mai lungi
than yours. DTn o/:'z] decat ai tai.
This is the cheapest car >[D/1S \/ [Ya tsi:P~ht ka:' - Aceasta este cea mai ieftina
in our shop. 111 alia' ~op] ma~ina din magazinul nostru.
Our neighbours are poorer >[alla' He/ba J ; a:' pu:ara' - Vecinii no~tri sunt mai saraci
than we are. [YEn ilL a"] decat noi.
Today you have come earlier > [lade/ ill h[~\' kam i)IlJa' - Azi ai venit mai devreme
than ever. [YEn e\~I'J ca niciodata.
5
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu adjectivele ~i adverbele corespunzatoare:
Fratele meu are cea mai rapida ma~ina - My brother has> the fastest car
din ora~. in town.
Aceasta femeie este mai puternica - This woman is > stronger than
decat doi barbati. two men.
Vreau sa fiu cel mai bogat om din Romania. - I want to be >the nchest man in Romania.
Tatal nostru este cel mai ocupat om. - Our father is >the busiest man.
Este mai rece astazi decat ieri? - Is it >coldertoday than yesterday?
Cine este mai inalt decat tatal meu? - Who is >taller than my father?
Sa vedem in ce masura v-ati insu~it cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
glad > [glEd] - bucuros
sad > [sEd] - trist
beautiful > [blU.td'il1] - frumos, minunat
ugly > [agll] - urat, pocit
small > [smo:l] - mie
fresh > [fre~] - proaspat
during > [dlUann lg )] - in timp ce
Reluati cuvintele intr-o alta ordine:
beautiful > [blU:tlfll1] - frumos, minunat
small > [smo:l] - mle
during > [dlUann lg )] - in timp ce
sad >[sEd] - trist
fresh > [fres] - proaspat
glad >[gIEd] - bucuros
ugly > [agh] - urat, pocit
Iar aeum sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie eu voce tare:
These flowers are beautiful. > [O/I.Z flaua'z a:rblU.tlt~l1] - Aceste flori sunt frumoase.
Why were you sad yesterday? > [Ualua:' IU: sEd Icsta'dcI] - De ee ai fost trist ieri?
We worked during the night. > [ui. Ua:Tkt dlUarin lg ) D/a nalt] - Noi am luerat in timpuI noptii.
This is our small house. > [OIlS iz au a' smo: 1haus] - Aeeasta este mica noastra easuta.
Are these vegetables fresh? > [a:' 0/J:Z vcdJ Itablz fre~] - Sunt proaspete legumele aeestea?
6
I am glad you are ready. >[ai Em glEd IU: a" redt] - Ma bucur cit e~ti gata.
This is an ugly >[fYIs lZ an aglr - Aceasta este 0 cHidire urata.

building. bildll1(SI]
Completati propozitiile In limba engleza:
Imi plac fructele proaspete. - I like >fresh fruit.
Ce-ai facut in timpul pauzei? - What did you do ::oduring the break?
Ma~ina lui este urata. - His car is >ugly.
El a fost foarte bucuros ca eu am fost acolo. - He was very >glad I was there.
De cl' l'~ti tnst? - Why are you >sad?
Aceasta l'ste 0 pictura frumoasa. - This is a >beautJii.d picture.
Aeeasta loeuinta este prea mica pentru - This apartment is too >Sma II for
familia mea. our family.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza:
Merele acestea sunt proaspete? > Arc these apples Jlesh'l
Am maneat in pauza. > 1 ate dUring the break.

Aeeasta a fast ziua eea mai trista a saptamiinii. > It's heen the saddest ttl\' of thIS week
Casa aceasta frumoasa este a lor? > Is thIS beautJilil hou:,c theIrs')
Ma~ina ta l'ste mai urata decat a mea. > YOLJI car IS uglIer than 111111C.
Sa ne intoarcem la gradele de comparatie all' adjectivului ~i adverbului . Exista un grup de adjective

~iadverbe care formeaza gradele de comparatie In mod neregulat. De exemplu:
Gradul pozitiv: Gradul comparativ: Gradul superlativ:
manY>[lllenIJ more the most

much > [Illats] >[lllo.'J > [ D' a maust]
- mult - mai mult - eel mai mult
little less the least

> [I itl] >[lcs] > [D/a II :st]
- putin - mai putin - eel mai putin
bad worse the worst

>[ bEd] >["a:'sJ >llYa "a:'st]
- rau - mal rim - eel mal rau
- prost - mai prost, proasta - eel mai prost, proasta
good better the best

> l gud] > l beta'] >[rYa hest]
- bun - mai bun - eel mai bun
Daea little este folosit In sensu1 de mic, la comparativ ~i superlativ se

folosese fonnell' adjl'c1Ivului small, adiea: smaller, the smallest.
7
Urmariti exemplele de mai jos:
She has more money than me. > [~I, hEz mo:' man I [YEn ml:] - Ea are mai multi bani dedit mine.
Buy less bread than > [bal les bl eel IYF 11 - Cumpara mai putina paine
yesterday. lesta'c1el] decat ieri.
Our lunch was better > I aucl' lants "az beta' - Pranzul nostru a fost mai bun
than hers. J)/f~n ha:'/] decat al ei.
This radio is worse but > I [YIS I en!lau IZ "a:'s bat - Acest radio este mai prost,
cheaper. t~i'pcl' J dar mai ieftin.
My sister has the most trees > [mal sista' hLz lYa maust - Sora mea are cei mai multi pomi
in the garden. tII'Z m lYa ga,'dan] in gradina.
They have the least coffee. >[lYel hh [Ya h:st kofl] - Ei au cea mai putina cafea.
Those were the best days > [lYauz "a ' J)/a hest dClz - Acelea au fost cele mai frumoase
of my life. a\ mal lalfJ zile din viata mea.
We have bought the worst >["1 hL\ ho:t lYa "a:'st - Noi am cumparat cea mai proasta
house in this street. haus in [YIS str i t J casa de pe aceasta strada.
Daca prepozitia than este urmata de un pronume personal, acesta este la

cazul acuzativ (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them).
Verificati daca ati retinut cele invatate despre gradeIe de comparatie ale adjectivului ~i adverbului.
Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Eu cumpar intotdeauna cei mai buni struguri. > I ah\ ays buy the best gl apes,
Maine yin mai devreme la tine. > ron WI I OJ \\ I \\ J!! cOllle to \ ou c~lllJer.
Vrei sa cumperi 0 ma~ina mai mare? > Do you \\ clnt to buy a hlgger car')
Pauzele trebuie sa fie mai lungi. > HI celL must be !ongel
Ei sunt cei mai rai vecini. > They all' the \\ Olst nClghbollls,
Am cumparat mai putine fructe decat ieri. > I hcl\e bought less Jiult them yestelc1ay.
Da-mi 0 para mai mica. > (; 1\ e me a sma] icr pear.
Aceasta este cea mai trista veste de azi. > 'I hIS IS the sclddest ne\\ s today,
Fratele tau este mai inalt decat tine? > Is your hrothel tallel than :ou')
Aceasta este cea mai urata culoare. > I hiS IS the uglIest colour.
Daca adjectivulla gradul superlativ este precedat de un pronume posesiv,

articolul hotarat the se elimina:
It is the best car. - It is my best car.
8
Unnarili cu atentie cuvintele ~i expresiile noi din proPoziliile unnatoare, scrise cu caractere ingro~ate:
This is the best song I have > [D/ls IZ D/a best son(~) - Acesta este cel mai bun cantec pe
ever heard. al hEv eva' ha.'d] care I-am auzit vreodatii.
My daughter is the shortest > [mal do:ta' IZ D/a so:'tast - Dintre toti prietenii ei, fiica
of all her friends. '1\ 0.1 h<1:' fi'endz] mea este cea mai scunda.
This is the longest letter > l D/ls IZ [Ya lon(~Jgast lcta' - Aceasta este cea mai lunga
I have ever written. al hLv c\ a' ritn] scnsoare pe care
am scris-o vreodatii.
This is the fastest bicycle > [D/b IZ D/a fa:stast - Aceasta este cea mai rapida
of all. balslkl av 0:1] bicicleta dintre toate.
Traduceli unnatoarele propozilii in limba engleza folosind expresiile noi (Atentie: expresia of all
poate fi neglijata in traducerea in limba romana):
Acesta este cel mai trist film pe care > This is the saddest film I have
I-am vazut vreodata. e\ er seen.
Acestea sunt cele mai mari schimbari. > These changes al e the greatest of all.
Aceasta biblioteca a avut cele mai multe > Th IS library had the most books of all
carli din Anglia. JIJ Lngland.
Acesta este cel mai rau om pe care > This IS the \\ orst man J ha\ e e\ er seen.
I-am V3zut vreodata.
to sleep >[tu slI.pJ - a donni
to enjoy >[tu lI1dJOI] - a se distra, a se simli bine,

a se bucura
to remember >[tu rImcmba'] - a( -~i) aminti, a-~i reaminti
to change > [t II t sell1dJ J - a modifica, a schimba
to return >[tu rIta.'nJ - a (se) intoarce, a da inapoi
to become > [tu blkam] - a deveni
to happen >[tu hEpnJ - a se intampla
to start >[tu sta:'tJ - a incepe
Cateva dintre verbele de mai sus sunt neregulate. lata cele trei fonne ale acestora:
I. II. III.
sleep slept > I slept] slept >[slept]
become >[ blkamJ became > [blkrlln] become > [blkam]
9
Cititi cu atentie propozitiile unniHoare in care am introdus verbele noi:
John slept ten hours > [dlon slept ten aua'z - John a donnit zece ore
yesterday. icsta' dei J len.
She wants to become > [::;1. "ants tu blkam - Ea vrea sa devina

a typist. d ta/plst] dactilografa.
Can you change this bill'? > l kEn iu: t~ell1dJ DZis bll] - Po,i sa schimbi aceasta bancnota?
What happened during > [Uat h Epnd diuarm(g) - Ce s-a intamplat in timpul
the match? [Ya mEt::;] meciului?
1 must return the books > lal mast nta·'n [)fa buks - Trebuie sa inapoiez cart;ile
to the Ii brary. tu DZa la/bran] la biblioteca.
They enjoyed the autumn > [DZel indjo/d DZI o.tam - Ei s-au bucurat de soarele
sun. san] de toamna.
Do you remember that day? > [du IU: nmcmba' D/Et del] - iti aminte~ti acea zi?
1 started work yesterday. > [ai sta:'tld "a:'k Icsta'del] - leri am inceput sa lucrez.
Retineti expresia urmatoare:
EnJOY your meal! > [lI1djOI 10:' ml·1J - Pofta buna!
in ultimul exercitiu yom recapitula cele invatate. Traduceti in limba engleza:
Ce culoare are paltonullui? > What colour is hIS coat')
Atunci aveam mai mult timp sa ne uitam > We had more tllne to \\ atch TV then.
la televizor.
Pofta buna! > Enjoy your meal!
Dintre toti prietenii mei, el este omul cel > This IS the nchest man of all my
mai bogat. fllends.
De ce ai cumparat farfurii urate? > Why have you bought ugly plates')
Trebuie sa bem mai putina cafea. > We must dnnk less coffee.
Fiullui este mai in varsta decat al meu. > illS son IS older than mine.
Acest accident groaznic s-a intamplat acum > ThiS awful aCCident happened two
doua luni. months ago
De ce nu s-a intors inca? > Why ha\ en 't they returned yet'?
Trebuie sa-mi dai inapoi banii mai devreme. > You must rcturn me the money earlier.
Acest ciiine este celmai bun prieten al meu. > ThiS dog IS my best fllend.
imi place sa donn pana tarziu. > [ like to sleep long
10
LECTIA
Ca de obicei, vom incepe leqia cu setul de cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu atentie:
meeting >[ mi:tin lgl ] - intalnire, ~edinta,
adunare
loss >[los] - pierdere
sunnse >[sanraiz] - rasarit de soare
butcher >[but~a'] - macelar
grocer >[grausa'] - vanzator la bacanie,

hacan
greengrocer >[ gri: ngrausa'] - vanzator de legume

~i fructe
beard >[bia'd] - barba
van >[vEn] - furgoneta
airport >[ earpo:'t] - aeroport
homework >[ haum"a:'k] - tema pentru acasa
arrival >[ araival] - SOSlre
departure >[ dipa:rt~ar] - plecare, pomire
Unneaza acelea~i cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:
van >[vEn] - furgoneta
butcher >[but;;a'] - macelar
meeting >[mi:tin(gl] - intalnire, ~edinta,

adunare
departure >[ dipa:'t~a'] - plecare, pomire
grocer >[grausCj'] - vanzator la bacanie,

bacan
arrival >[ araival] - SOSlre
loss >[Jos] - pierdere
greengrocer >[gri:ngrausa'] - vanzator de legume

~i fructe
homework >[ haulll"a:'k] - tema pentru acasa
beard >[biCI'd] - barba
sunnse >[ sanraiz] - rasarit de soare
airport >[ earpo:'t] - aeroport
11
Retineti expresiile urmatoare:
at the butcher's la macelarie
at the grocer's la bacanie
at the greengrocer's la magazinul de legume ~i fructe
In cazul persoanelor:
at my brother's la fratele meu
at Mary's - la Maria
Sa introdueem euvintele noi In propozitii:
Have you done your > [hE\ IU. dan 10.'] - Ti-ai Iacut deja tema
homework yet? haull1 u a:'k let] pentru acasa?
It was a great loss for me. > [It ",11: a !PClt los for 1m:] - Pentru mine a fost 0 mare
pierdere.
He has a long beard. - El are 0 barba lunga.
The meeting will be > [IY,IIl1i.tIl1,g) uJi bl: - Intalnirea va fi la ora cinci.
at five. E! 1'<I/\']
What time is their departure? - La ce ora pleaca ei?
There is an airport in > [[Yea' IZ an earpo:'t Il1 - In ora~ul nostru este

our town. aua' taun] un aeroport.
We watched the sunrise. > lUI. "atsl [)fa saJ1l,l/z] - Am privit rasaritul soarelui.
Can you drive a van? > [kEn iu. (iral\ <I \ En] - Poti sa conduci 0 furgoneta?
I buy meat at the bucher's. > [al balll1!.! Et D/a but~a'z] - Eu cumpar came de la macelar.
Nobody saw their arrival. > [naubodl so [)lei' ara/\ I] - Nimeni nu i-a vazut dind au sosit.
The grocer lives near us. > [[)fa grallsa' II \ Z nla' <Is] - Bacanullocuie~te langa noi.
We can buy fruits at the > [UI: kEn bal flu ts Et D/a - Putem cumpara fmcte de la
greengrocer's. gri:nglausa'z] magazinul de legume ~i fruete.
Completa(i lInnatoarele propozltii In limba engleza:
Tu e~ti vanzator la magazinul de legume - Are you a >greengrocer?

~ifructe?
Ei cand au plecat? - When was their >departure?
Vrei sa fii macelar? - Do you want to be a >butcher?
Am sa-l invat sa eonduca 0 furgoneta. - I will teaeh him to drive a >van.
Pentru noi va fi 0 mare pierdere. - It will be a great >loss for us.
Ai avut totdeauna barba? - Have you always had a >beard?

12
Rasaritul de soare a fost frumos. - The >sunrlse was beautiful.
Ne intiilnim la aeroport. - I will see you at the >airpolt.
Tatal lui a fost Mean. - His father was a >groCCI.
S-a inHimplat inainte de sosirea ei. - It happened before her >arri \ a!.
Ai multe teme pentru aeasa? - Is there mueh >homc\'\ ark to do?
Vineri trebuie sa fii la ~edinta. - You must be at the >meeting on Friday.
Verifieati-va euno~tintele traducand urmatoarele euvinte:
maeelar > butchel
pierdere > loss
pleeare > departure
aeroport > airport
intiilnire > meeting
sosire
furgoneta > van
barM > be~lI J
tema pentru acasa > hOl11c\\ ork
rasaritul soarelui > Slll1llSe
viinzator la magazinul de legume ~i fmcte > grcenglocer
baean > grocer
13
In aceastii parte a lectiei ne vom ocupa de un alt aspect legat de gradele de compara{ie ale
adjectivelor ~i adverhelor
Adjectlvele cOlllplise din doua sau //lai IIllilte silabe \~i care Iltl se terminii In y, formeazii gradul
cOl11parativ eu ajutorul clivintelor more/less, iar sllperlativul cu expresiile the most/the least. in
al11bele cazliri forma adjectll'ului sail a{/i'erblilui este identica Cll cea de la gradul pozitil'. De
exel11plu:
Pozitiv Comparativ Superlativ

beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
-frumos - mai frumos - eel mai frumos
Cititi eu atentie propozitiile de mai jos:
It is the most difficult > [It IZ IYa maust dificalt - Este intrebarea eea mai
question. k"est~nJ dificila.
My sister is more beautiful > [l11al sisla' IZ 1110 ' - Sora mea este mai frumoasa
than yours. htU tll:li OlEn 10.'Z] decat a tao
That car was less expensive. > (D/[I ka r " az les IkspenSI\ J - Ma~ina aceea era mai ieftina.
Traduceti propozitiile unnatoare in limba engleza:
Acesta este cel mai frumos ora~ pe care > rhls IS the mosl beaullful 100\n
I-am vazut vreodata. I ha\ e e\ er seen.
Este mai greu dedit am crezut. > ThIS IS 1110lC (!If/lcu]1 tl1:111 J thought.
Tapetul cel mai scump este eel mai frumos. > The 1110st expcnsive wall-papel
IS the most beautiful.
lata alte eateva euvinte noi:
clever > [kina'] - de~tept, istet

enough > [lIlaf] - destul (de), suficient (de),
indeajuns
light > [latl] - u~or, desehis la culoare,
luminos
dark >[da:'kJ - intuneric, intunecat, inchis
la culoare
heavy > [he\ IJ - greu
strange > [slrell1dJ] - eiudat
wide > [ "ani] - lat
narrow > [nErau] - ingust, stramt
polite > [palall] - pohtieos
Reeititi euvintele intr-o alta ordine:
dark >[d;l 'k] - intunerie, intuneeat, inchis

la euloare
strange - eiudat
14
narrow > [nErau] - ingust, stramt
wide > ["alli] - lat
polite > [pala/t] - politicos
clever > [kleva'] - de~tept, istet

light > [la/t] - u~or, deschis la culoare,
luminos
heavy > [hevl] - greu

enough > [man - destul (de), suficient (de),
indeajuns
Cuvantul enough sta inaintea substantivelor ~i dupa adjective sau

adverbe:
enough money - bani destui
dark enough - destul de intuneric
early enough - destul de devreme
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii in care apar cuvintele noi:
He wasn't polite to me > [hI: "oznl palail tu mi: - El nu a fost politicos

yesterday. lesla'del] cu mine ieri.
I like narrow streets in > [al la/k nEI,lll sln.ls m - Imi plac strazile din acest ora~.
this town. [)lis taun]
I haven't had enough time > Lal hEvnt hEd mar lalln - Nu am avut destul timp
to do It. III du. It] sa fac asta.
It is sunny enough to go > [1l IZ sanl maftu gau - Vremea este indeajuns de insorita
for a walk. 1'0:' a "o.k] pentru 0 plimbare.
This is a light room. > [DZis iz a hut nun] - Este 0 camera 1uminoasa.
He is a clever boy. > [hI: iz a kleva' bOl] - El este un baiat de~tept.
It is very dark today. > [It iz veri da.'k ladei] - Azi este foarte intunecat.
This is the heaviest book > [[)ZIS IZ DZa heviast buk - Este cea mai grea carte pe care
I have ever seen. 'II hEy eva' sJ:n] am vazut-o vreodata.
Do you see the girl with > [dll IU: Sl: DZa garl "iDz - Vezi fata cu parul deschis?
the light hair? DZa 1'1/1 heal]
It was a strange accident. > [It "oz a slrell1dJ Ekslltmt] - A fost un accident ciudat.
This is the widest street > [DZIS IZ [Ya "aldast slri·t - Aceasta strada este cea mai lata
in town. m t,llIn] din ora~.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu adjectivele nou invatate:
Ea tocmai a cumparat un palton de culoare - She has just bought a > iIghlcoat.
deschlsa.
Nu pot citi intr-o camera intunecoasa. - I can't read in a > darkroom.

15
Ea este foarte de~teapta. - She is very >clever.
Trebuie sa traversam aceasta strada lata. - We must cross this >wldc street.
El este destul de bogat ca sa cumpere asta. - He is rich >enough to buy it.
L-ai intalnit deja pe acest om ciudat? - Have you met this >strange man?
Aceasta cutie este prea grea pentru mine. - This box is too >hcavv for me.
Masa aceasta este prea ingusta. - This table is too >nan ow.
Traduceti cuvintele de mai jos in limba engleza:
greu > heavy
ciudat >stlange
intunecat > dark
ingust > naITll\\
politicos > polIte
lat > wIde
u~or > lIght
destul > cnough
luminos > lIght
de~tept > clc\ cr
intuneric > dark
Urmeaza 0 alta regula legata de gradeIe de comparatie ale adjectivelor !ji adverbelor. Adjectivele
formate din doua si/abe. care au termina!ia -ow sau -er formeazii comparativul !ji superlativul tot cu
ajutorul termina!ii/or -er !ji -est:
narrow narrower the narrowest
> [nErau] > lnEraua'J > [D/a 11 EI auast]
- ingust - mai ingust - eel mai ingust
clever cleverer the cleverest
> [IYa kJe\ araslj
- de~tept - mai de~tept - eel mai de~tept
16
Fonnati comparativul ~i superlativul unnatoarelor adjective ~i adverbe:
bad > \\Olse > the worst
big > hlgger > the biggest
good > bettcr > the best
long > longer > the longcst
nIce > nicer > the mcest
short > sholier > thc shortest
little (putin) > less > the least
cheap > cheaper > the cheapcst
difficult > mOle ,hffJcult > the 1110st difficult
easy > easIer > the easiest
expensive > l110re cxpensive > the most cxpenslvc
sad > sadder > the saddcst
ugly > uglier > the uglIest
small > "mallcr > the smallest
much > more > the most
wide > \\ idel > the \\ idest
polite > more pohte > the most polIte
busy > bUSier > the bUSlcst
fresh > tlesher > the fleshest
awful > 11101 e Ll\\ ful > the most Ll\\ fuJ
early > earlier > the earliest
late > later > the latest
narrow > nclITD\\ er > the n,lITO\\ est
many > more > the most
sunny > sunnIer > the sunnIest
delicios > more dellclos > the most dellclOs
light > lighter > the lightest
fast > Clslcr > the Llstest
great > greater > the glcatest
17
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza:
Tocmai m-am intalnit cu macelarul. > I ha\ e Just met the butcher.
La ce ora s-a intors el acasa? > What tnne dId he return home'!
Eram acasa cand s-a intamplat. > I was at home when it happened.
Cate portocale poti sa mananci? > lIow many oranges can you cal')
Imi trebuie 0 pauza mai lunga. > I must h,1\ e a longel break.
Pofta buna! > En JOy) our meal'
Este 0 bacanie aproape de casa noastra. > There IS a grocer's ne,lI our house.
Poti sa schimbi aceasta bancnota? > Can you change this bIll"
Nu uita sa-l vizitezl pe John. > Remember to \ ISlt John.
Du-te ]a bacanie ~i cumpara ni~te branza. > Go to the grocer's and buy some cheese.
Inta]nirea va fi la aeroport. > The meetmg wIll be at the mrpolt.
Ti-ai Iacut deja tema pentru acasa? > I la\ e ) ou already done your homework')
La ce ora a rasarit azi soarele? > What tnne \\ as the sunrise today?
Este cea mai ciudata poveste pe care mi-ai > ThiS IS the strangest story you have
spus-o vreodata. e\ er told me.
Cine este mai in varsta decat mine? > Who lS olLlel tban me')
Este cea mai trista scrisoare a lui. > lt IS hIS ~adde~t letter.
Am destui bani sa cumpar cartea aceasta. > I ha\ e enough money to buy thIS book.
M-am dus aco]o indeajuns de devreme ca > I \\ent thele early enough to see
sa vad sosirea lor. then ;11 rI\ a1.
Cit timp vrei sa dormi? > 110\\ long do you want to sleep')
Este cea mai proasta cina pe care am > It IS the worst dll1ner I have
mancat-o vreodata. been eaten.
Fiorile lor sunt mai dragute decat ale noastre. > TheIr I1m\ ers are mcer than ours.
A fost lucrul eel mai ciudat. > It \\ as the stran1!est thmg of all.
Trebuie sa port acest sacou inchis la culoare? > Must I \\ car thIS dark coa!')
Noi avem bani suficienti ca sa mergem in Anglia. > We ha\ e enough money to go to England.
18
In incheierea leqiei iata un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele ingro~ate reprezinta sunetele identice
din fiecare coloana:
[.:J [EJ [au] [al J
fresh glad grow rise
spend sad grocer arrival
remember bad old wide
when van know behind
then ash tray go polite
19
•
15
15.1. Formarea gradelor de comparatie ale adjectivelor ~i adverbelor:
15.1.1. Gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor ~i adverbelor regulate:
I. Adjectivele ~i adverbele monosilabice primesc terminatia -er Ja comparativ ~i

terminatia -est la superlativ:
nIce nicer the nicest
- amabil - mai amabil - cel mai amabil
Daca adjectivul se tem1ina cu -e mut, acesta se elimina la adaugarea tenninatiilor
-er ~i -est.
Regula conform careia consoana finala a verbelor avand 0 singura silaba se
dubleaza in cazul adaugarii unui sufix este valabila ~i in cazul adjectivelor ~i
adverbelor.
- mare - mai mare - cel mai mare
2. Adjectivele ~i adverbele formate din doua silabe terminate in -y formeaza

comparativul ~i superlativul schimband -y in -i ~i adaugiind -er, respectiv -est:
windy windier the windiest
- vantos - mai viintos - eel mai viintos
3. Adjectivele ~i adverbele formate din doua silabe terminate in -ow sau -er
formeaza comparativul ~i superlativul tot cu ajutorul tenninatiilor -er ~i -est:
narrow naITOWer the narrowest
- ingust - mai ingust - cel mai ingust
clever cleverer the cleverest
- de~tept - mai de~tept - cel mai de~tept
15.1.2. Exista adjective ~i adverbe ale caror grade de comparatie se formeaza in mod
neregulat. De exemplu:
many more the most

much
-mult - mai mult - cel mai mult
little less the least

- putin - mai putin - cel mai putin
bad worse the worst

- rau - mai rau - cel mai rau

- bun - mai bun - cel mai bun
20
15.1.3. Adjectivele ~i adverbele formate din doua sau mai multe silabe care nu se termina in
-y, formeaza comparativul cu ajutorul cuvintelor more/less, iar superlativul, cu
expresiile the most/the least. In ambele cazuri, forma adjeetivului este identiea eu
forma la gradul pozitiv.
Pozitiv Comparativ Superlativ
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
- fmmos - mai fmmos - eel mai fmmos
15.104. Adjeetivele la superlativ sunt preeedate intotdeauna de articolul hotariit the.
tall taller the tallest
- inalt - mai inalt - eel mai inalt
15.1.5. Daca adjeetivulla superlativ este preeedat de un pronume posesiv, articolul hotariit
the se elimina:
It is the best car. - It is my best car.
15.2. Cuvantul enough sUi inaintea substantivelor, dar dupa adjective ~i adverbe:
enough money - bani destui
dark enough - destul de intunecat
early enough - destul de devreme
21
A Traduce~i urmatoarele propozitii in limba romiina:
1. 1 have never seen the tallest building in the world.
2. My greatest friend is the smartest boy of all I have ever met.
3. It wasn't sunny enough to go for a walk without an umbrella.
4. Who was the strongest man in England then?
5. I will take the heaviest box.
6. Have you bought this meat at the butcher's near the cinema?
B. Traduce~i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I. Eu am dormit in camera cea mai mare a casei.
2. imi amintesc ca ma~ina lui era destul de rapida.
3. EI spune ca vrea sa fie prietenul meu cel mai bun.
4. Cumparam struguri mai tiirziu.
5. Acela era cel mai scump restaurant din ora~.
6. Vreau mai multe flori in camera mea.
C. Forma~i comparativul ~i superlativul adjectivelor de mai jos:
1. delicios
2.
3.
foggy
light
•
4. strong
5. ready
6. good
22
LECTIA 16 " "
PARTEA INTAI
,
lata ciiteva cuvinte referitoare la imbracaminte:
clothes > [klauD/z] - imbracaminte
button > [batn] - nasture
hat > [hEt] - palarie
collar > [kola'] - guler
sleeve > [sli:v] - maneca (a rochiei,

a cama~ii)
pocket > [pokit] - buzunar
skirt > [ska:'t] - fusta
blouse > [blauz] - bluza
handbag > [hEndbEg] - po~eta
necklace > [ncklis] - colier
ear-nng > liarinl~J] - cercel
Jersey > [dja:'zi] - Jerseu
Acum repetati cuvintele Intr-o ordine diferita:
ear-ring > [iarin lgJ ] - cercel
clothes > [klauDZz] - imbracaminte
pocket > [pokit] - buzunar
skirt > [ska:'t] - fusta
necklace > [ncklis] - colier
Jersey > [dja:'zi] - Jerseu
button > [batn] - nasture
sleeve > [sliv] - maneca (a rochiei,

a cama~ii)
blouse > [blauz] - bluza
collar > [kola'] - guler
23
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii:
What clothes can I put on? > [" ot klauLYkI-n al put onJ - eu ce haine pot sa rna imbrac?
I think you must put on a > [al T'II1(~lk ill: ma~t put on a - Cred ca trebuie sa te imbraci
skirt and a blouse. ska 't l:nd a hlauz] cu 0 fusta ~i 0 bluza.
All of my blouses are with >[0.1 av mal blau/lz a:[ lillY - Toate bluzele meIe sunt cu nasturi
buttons and long sleeves. buntz End lon(~) sl J:\ z] ~i cu miineca lunga.
Why don't you like them? > [" al daunt Ill: lalk [Yem] - De ce nu-ti plac?
I like blouses with >[al lalk hluUZlZ "I D/ - Imi plac bluzele cu guler
big collars. big kola'zJ mare.
I will put on this blouse > [al "Ii put on IYls blauz - Ma voi imbraca cu bluza aceasta
and my blue jersey. End mal blu: dp:rzi] ~i cu jerseul meu albastru.
Do you want to take the > [du IU: "ont tu !elk lYa - Vrei sa-ti pui colierul ~i
necklace and ear-rings? nckiIs Lnd ialll1(~)z] cerceii?
No, I don't. I will put on a > [nau al daunt al "Ii put on a - Nu, imi voi pune 0 palarie
hat and the coat with hl::t End IYakuut lillY ~i haina eu buzunare
big pockets. hlg pokih] man.
Don't forget about > [daunt forgct ahuut - Nu uita po~eta!

the handbag! [Ya hEndbLg]
Retineti ca verbul like inseamna a placea:
I like this house. - Imi place aceasta casa.
Did she like that book? - Ei i-a placut aceasta carte?
Completati Ulmatoare propozitii in limba engleza:
Ei viind cele mai ieftine palarii. - They sell the cheapest >hats.
Cea mai frumoasa fusta a mea este verde. - My most beautiful >skirt is green.
Miinecile erau prea scurte. - The >sleeves were too short.
Imi place po~eta tao - I like your >handbag.
Jerseul acesta mai scump este mai frumos. - This more expensive >jersey is nicer.
Aveti paltoane cu guler mai mare? - Do you have coats with bigger >collars?
Hainele tale sunt pe scaunul acela. - Your >c [othes are on that chair.
I-am cumparal cercei frumo~i. - I have bought her beautiful >ear-nngs.
Pastreaza-ti banii in buzunar. - Keep the money in the >pockct.
Imi place mai mult colierul mai ieftin. - I like the cheaper >necklace more.
Caut nasturi pentru aceasta haina. - I am looking for >butlons for this coat.
Mary ti-a luat bluza albastra. - Mary has taken your green >blousc.
24
Acum traduceti in limba engleza:
po~eta > handbag
Jerseu > Jersey
palarie > hat
buzunar > pocket
[usta > skirt
colier > necklace
imbracaminte > clothes
nasture > button
guler > collar
miineca > sleeve
bluza > blouse
cercei > e,lI-rings
lata ciiteva verbe noi:
to lose - a pierde
to grow > [tll grau] - a cre~te, a cultiva
to meet >[tlll11i:t] - a (se) intiilni, a (se) cunoa~te
to rise > [tu nllz] - a rasari
to shut >[tu~atJ - a inchide
to spend > l tu spend] - a cheltui (bani), a (pe) trece (timp)
25
Repetati verbele intr-o alta ordine:
to grow > [tugrau] - a cre~te, a cultiva
to spend > [tu spend] - a cheltui (bani), a (pe) trece (timp)
to rise > [tu nllz] - a rasari
to shut > [tu ~at] - a inchide
to meet > [tu ml:t] - a (se) intalni
Verbele de mai sus sunt neregulate. invatati cele trei forme ale acestora:
I. II. Ill.
grow >[grau] grew > [gru:] grown > [graun]
spend > [spend] spent >[spent] spent > [spent]
nse >[ralz] rose > [rauz] risen > [Jizn]
lose > [lu:z] lost >[lost] lost > [lost]
shut > [~at] shut > [~at] shut > [ ~at]
meet > [mI:t] met > [met] met > [met]
Cititi cu atentle urmatoarele propozitii, in care au fost folosite verbele nOl:
She has lost her purse. > [~I' hEz lost ha: 1 pa:ls] - Ea ~i-a pierdut portofelul.
His beard grew fast. > [hlz blald gru. fa:st] - I-a ereseut repede barba.
We have never met. > ["I. hEv n('\ al met] - Nu ne-am intalnit niciodata.
The sun will rise at seven. > [O/a san "Ii ralZ Et s('\n] - Soarele va rasari la ora ~apte.
Mary is shutting the door. - Mary inchide u~a.
We want to spend three days > ["i: lIont tu spend T'n. delz - Noi vrem sa petrecem trei zile
in London. IJ1 landn] la Londra.
Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu formele verbale corespunzatoare:
Ieri s-au intalnit la magazin. - They> metin the shop yesterday.
Ai inchis deja u~a? - Have you already> shutthe door?
Ea pierde totdeauna biletele. - She always> losestickets.
Noi vom cultiva legume in gradina. - We will> grow vegetables in the garden.
A rasarit deja soarele? - Has the sun> risen yet?
Cheltui prea multi bani pe haine. - You> spend too much money on clothes.
26
Traduceti unnatoarele verbe 'in limba engleza, la cele trei fonne:
a cre~te, a cultiva > gn)\v > grew > gIown
a raS3n > rise > rose > risen
a pierde > lose > lost > lost
a inchide > shut > shut > shut
a petrece (timpul) > spend > spcnt > spcnt
a intalni, a cunoa~te > meet > mct > met
ill cOllt/l1uare VO/ll lllVIi{a douli expresii utilizate pentru compararea obiectelor .yi persoanelor:
as", as > [[z... Lz] - la fel de, a~a, .. tot a~a de

(in propozitie afinnativa)
not so.,. as > [not sau .. Ez] - nu a~a (de)." ca (~i) (in propozitie
negatlva), nu atat... cat
De exemplu:
My car is as expensive as > [mal ka:' IZ Ez IkspcnsIv - Ma~ina mea este la fel de scumpa
yours. Ez 10:'Z] ca ~i a tao
He is not as old as me. > [hI IznotEzauldEzmi'] ~ Nu e a~a de batran ca mine,
In propozItii negative, in loc de not so... as putem folosl expresia not

as... as.
Folositi structura comparativa in propozitiile de mai jos:
Acest mar nu este atiit de dulce ca ace la, - This apple is not >as/so sweet as that.
Am aceea~i varsta ca ~i tine. - I am >as old as you.
Ieri nu a fast atat de frig ca acum doua zile. - Yesterday it was not >as/so cold as two
days ago,
Aceasta masa este la fel de grea ca cealalta. - This table is >as hcavy as that.
Sa mai imatam ciHeva cuvinte noi:
out of fashion > [aut av n~~n J - demodat

to change > (tu t~emdlJ - a (se) schimba
(despre imbracaminte)
soaked > [saukt] - umed, ud
worn > ["o.'n] - uzat, folosit (despre haine)
woollen > ["ulan) - (confectionat din) de lana
waterproof > ("ota'pru'f] - impenneabil, rezistent la apa
simple >[simpl] - simplu
Recititi cuvintele 'intr-o alta ordine:
soaked >[sauktJ - umed, ud
simple > [simpl J - simplu

27
woollen > [" ulan ] - (confectionat din) de lana
worn > ["o '11] - uzat, folosit (despre haine)
waterproof > [" o Li'r lu i1 - impermeabil, rezistent la apa
to change > [tu hCiI1dJ] - a (se) schimba (despre
Imbracamintea)
out of fashion >[auta\ n:~Il] - demodat
lata cateva propozitii in care apar cuvintele noi:
Big collars are out of > [big kola'z a:' aut a\ - Gulerele mari sunt demodate
fashion now. n:~n nau] acum.
Have you changed yet? - Te-ai schimbat deja?
I can't put on this coat > tal ka:llt put on IYIs but - Nu pot sa ma imbrac cu aceasta
because it is soaked. blkoz ItlZ s:lLIkt] haina pentru ca este uda.
These shoes are worn. - Ace~ti pantofi sunt uzati.
I like woolen jerseys. - lmi plac jerseurile de lana.
These clothes are > I [Yl:Z klauD'z a:' - Aceste haine sunt
waterproof. "o ta'plu rj impermeabile.
It is the simplest question > [It IZ IYa simplast k"cst~n - Este cea mai simpla intrebare
of all. :l\ 0: 1] (dintre toate).
Completati propozitiile urmatoare cu noile cuvinte invatate:
Este scumpa aceasta fusta de lana? - Is this >\\ ookn skirt expensive?
Palariile sunt demodate. - Hats are >out of j~lshlOn.
Aceasta bluza uzata este urata. - This >\\ 01 n blouse is ugly.
Este impermeabil? - Is it >\\ atcrprooJ'?
Erau uzi cand au intrat In casa. - They were >soaked when they entered
the house.
lmi plac cantecele simple. - 1 like >simrle songs.
Trebuie sa ma schimb inainte de cina. - I must >change before dinner.
uzat > \\ OJ n
simplu > slmpk
demodat > out of fashion
ud > sO:lkcd
a (se) schimba > to ch,l!1gc
de lana > \\ ookn
impermeabil > \\ :1tt.'1 ploof
28
lar acum ne vom ocupa din nou de timpul Present Perfect. Doua prepozi!ii se folosesc adesea
impreuna cu timpul menrionat.
for > [fo.'J - de (un timp)
eu ajutorLlllLli for exprimal11 durata actiunii, de exemplLl: de doi ani, de trei zile.
I haven't seen him for a week. > [al hE\nt si:n him 1'0:' a L1i:kJ - Nu I-am vazut de 0 saptamana.
I have workrd here for > [a/ hE\ L1a:'kt hia' fo:' - Lucrez aici de doi ani.
two years. Ill: ila'zJ
Since se folose$te tot pentru exprimarea duratei aC!lll11ii, dar indica $i momentul din trecut in care
a inceput actiunea.
She hasn't met him since > [~I: hEznt met 111111 SII1S - Ea nu s-a Intalnit cu el
last month. la:st manT'J de luna trecuta.
They have changed since > [lYel hE\ t,:,cmd.ld SlOS - Ei s-au schimbat de
last year. la:st Ila'J anul trecut.
Predicatul propo::.itiifor care contin since ,~i for se traduce in ronlline,~te la timpul prezent sau trecut
(vederi ~i exe11lplele de 11Ia1 jos):
I have lived here for twenty-three years. ~ Locuiesc aici de dou3zeci ~i trei de ani.
I have lived here since 1975. - Locuiesc aici din 1975.
\
l. -
I
"I live in this house." "I have lived in this house since 1975.
1 have lived here for twenty-three years."
Completa~i propozi~iile urmatoare cu una dintre prepozi~iile since sau for:
They haven't returned home> for three months.

We have visited them twice> since last Monday.
She hasn't gone for a walk> since last month.
I haven't driven a car> fortwo months.
She has known about it > since June.

They have lived in this house> for many years.
29
She hasn't talked to her husband >slllce last Wednesday.
She has eaten nothing >for more than fout days.
Prepozi{ia since poate fi IIrmatd de 0 propozi{ie seclIlldard fa Simple Past:
1 haven't seen hIm since we > [al hEvnt sl:n him sms - Nu I-am mai vazut de dnd
met in August. ui: met in o:gast] ne-am intalnit in august.
He has had no money since >[hl: hEz hEd nau manI sins - Nu mai are bani de dnd
h,e paid for his car. hI. peld fa ' 11IZ ka: ' ] ~i-a pliitit ma~ina.
Traduceti in engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
Aceste palarii nu mai sunt la moda > These hats have been out of fashIOn
de doi ani. for two years.
Sora mea nu mai locuie~te cu noi > My SIster hasn't lived with us since
de vara trecuta. last summer.
N-am mai fost acasa de cand a venit Mary. > I haven't been at home sll1ce Mary came.
Unde ai fost timp de patru ani? > \Vhere have you been for four yeal s')
Noi il cunoa~tem de multi am. > We have known him for many years.
to wear > [tu "ear] - a purta
to fit >[ tu fit] - a (se) potrivi
to zip up >[tu ZIp ap] - a inchide fennoarul
to tryon >[tu tral on] - a incerca, a proba (despre

imbracaminte)
to knit >[tu nIt] - a tricota
Cititi verbele noi intr-o alta ordine:
to try on > [tu tral on] - a incerca, a proba (despre

imbracaminte)
to knit >[tu nit] - a tricota
to wear >[tu "cal] - a purta
to zip up >[ tu ZIp ap] - a trage fennoarul sus
to fit >[ tu fit] - a (se) potrivi
Verbul to wear este neregulat. Cele trei fonne ale sale sunt:
wear>["ea'] wore> [ lin I] worn >["o:'n]
Sa introducem verbele noi in propozitii:
She knitted me a nice jersey. >[~I: nitld ml: a nals dJa:'ZI] - Ea mi-a tricotat unjerseu frumos.
These shoes have never fitted. >[O/I:Z ~u:z hEy neva' fitld] - Ace~ti pantofi nu mi-au fost
buni niclOdata.
He zipped up his coat. > [hI. Zipt ap hlz kaut] - EI ~i-a inchis fermoarul
de la haina.
30
Have you tried it on yet? > [hEv IU: traid It on let] - L-ai probat deja?
She likes to wear long > [~1'laiks tu "ea l lon(gl - Ei ii place sa poarte fuste
skirts. ska:rts] lungi.
Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu fonnele verbale corespunzatoare:
De anul trecut ea a tricotat trei jerseuri. - She has> knitted three jerseys since last year.
Mary i~i inchide fermoarul de la haina. - Mary is > Zlppmg up her coat.
Putem proba acest costum? - Can we >try on this suit?
Vara nu port niciodata bluze cu - I never >\\earblouses with long sleeves

maneca lunga. III summer.
Fiicei mele ii sunt bune hainele mele. - My clothes >fit my daughter.
In incheierea acestei paTti a lectiei, traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Cine ti-a dat aceasta veste? > Who told you this news'?
Gulerul este destul de lung? > Is the collar long enough?
Cand a rasarit ieri soarele? > What tIme dId the sun l'lse yesterday'l
Mi-am pierdut po~eta. > I have lost my handbag
Nu I-am mai vazut de cand a plecat din > I haven't seen hlln SlllCC hc left
ora~ul nostru. our to\\ n.
Toate femeile poarta cereei? > Do a] I women wear ear-I ings'?
Locuim aici de douazeei de ani. > We have !Iv'ed here for twenty years.
Palaria verde nu ti se potrive~te. > The green hat doesn't fIt you.
Casa noastra nu este a~a de mare ca a lor. > Our house IS not so/as big as theirs.
Toate hainele mele sunt ude. > All my clothes are soakt:d.
Nimeni nu cumpara palarii impermeabile. > Nobody buys waterproof hats.
Iti voi tricota un jerseu de lana. > I wIll knit you a woollen jersey.
Fustele lungi nu sunt la moda acum. > Long skIrts are out of fashIOn now.
Unneaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Cititi cu atentie unnatoarele seturi de euvinte:
[a: '] [ i] [0] [au]
skirt knit collar soaked
Jersey zip pocket clothes
heard fit lost grow
bird big clock know

31
LECTIA
Citi1i cu atentie urmatoarele dialoguri. Silabele ~i cuvintele accentuate sunt scrise cu litere ingro~ate:
Mary: Do you like clothes which are out of fashion?

Tom: No, I don't. I never buy them.
Mary: But they are not so expensive as other clothes. And sometimes I have little money.
Tom: Last week I spent a lot of money on a new coat. Another coat was cheaper, but it wasn't
waterproof. And when I tried it on it did not fit.
Barbara: I must remember to buy some grapes.

Peter: The greengrocer in our street always has fresh grapes. And at the green-grocer's you
always meet people to talk to.
Barbara: But I don't have time to talk, because 1 have to return some books to the library. It's late
already. And if I return them too late I have to pay more money.
John: My sister works at the airport. She must get up early, when it is still dark.
Mary: Does she like this work?
John: I think she does. She likes to watch the planes when they rise into the sky.
Mary: Where did she work before?
John: At the butcher's. And she wanted to change her work, because she had to clean many
things there. She didn't like it.
Mary: So it was easy for her to leave the butcher's for the airport?
John: Yes, it was. But it was difficult to find this new work. I helped her. She will never return to
the butcher's shop.
Barbara: Do you know people who are always busy and spend all their time at work?
Peter: Yes, I know a lot of them. They are always in a hurry. And some of them smoke too much,
too.
Barbara: Do you think they enjoy life?
Peter: No, I don't think they do. They never find time to enjoy things. I think they forget to live,
because they are so busy.
Barbara: I think you are right. They don't know what a good book is. And you will never find them
in a cinema.
Peter: Do you think these people are nice to talk to?
Barbara: No, I don't. They know nothing about all these things. But it is difficult for them to
change.
Peter: You know, Barbara, it's never too late to change. When they change they are glad.
32
Tom: Do you meet many people who say it is better to eat more vegetables and less meat?
Mary: Yes, I have met a lot of them. And they also say that fresh fruit is good for everybody.
Tom: Is it good to listen to these people?
Mary: I think it is. Fat people live shorter. Do you want to live a long time?
Tom: Yes, I do. But what you eat is not the only thing. It is also what you do and don't do.
Mary: I think you are right. If you sit on a chair all day you get tired. After a walk you will feel
better.
Folosesc intotdeauna cat se poate de putina sare. > I <t1way~, use as little sal! as 1 can.
Ai schimbat deja aceste bancnote? > llave you already changed these bills?
Noi vom cultiva legume in gradina noastra. > \Ve wIll grow vegetables in our garden.
Cine a cheltuit cel mai putin? > \\'ho spent the leasl money')
lama intotdeauna port cele mai calduroase > In \\ Inter I :11\\ ay s wear the warmest
~osetede lana. woollen socks,
Cine este cea mai frumoasa fata din Romania? > Who is Ihe most he:1lI11 I'ul girl in Romania')
Ai inchis deja geamul? > J1:\\ e you :liready shul Ihe wmdow'!
Ai venit indeajuns de devreme ca sa > You ha\ e come call •v enou"h

Co
te intalne~ti cu el. 10 mec\ him.
Este mai greu decat am crezut. > II IS heaVier than I Ihought.
Unde este fratele tau mai mic? > Where is your younger brother')
Nu am mai fost la Mary de dnd am inceput >\ h:\\en'l he en al Mary's since I started
sa lucrez. to work,
Unde este cel mai mare ciocan? > \VheI e is the biggest hammer')
Cand trebuie sa fii la aeroport? > What tllne must you be al the airport'!
Tocmai am devenit vecini. > We h:\\ e jusl become neighbours.
Aceasta cste cea mai urata c1fidire >Thb is the ugliest building
pe care am vazut-o vreodata. I ha\ e e\ er seen.
Lui ii plac numai culorile deschise. > He likes only Ilghl CO!OUh,
Tatal meu este bacan dintotdeauna. > I\ly Lllher has he en a grocer slI1ce always.
Copiii cresc foarte repede. >Chlldren grow \'ery LISt.
Aceasta este 0 intrebare foarte simpla. > It IS a \ cry simple questIon,
33
Accidentul s-a intamplat dupa plecarea lor. > The accIdent happen cd after thelr departure.
Acestjerseu este la fel de frumos ca ~i acela. > This jersey IS as nice as 1ha1.
Mfmcarea a fost mai proasta acol0 decat acasa. > The food was worse there than at home.
Colierul mamei mele este mai frumos. > My mother's nccklace is more beautiful.
Pot sa incerc aceasta fusta? > Can j tryon thIs skIrt'!
Schimba-te inainte de cina. > Change berO! e (iinner.
Avem portocale destule pentru toata lumea. > We have enough or,mges for everybody.
Acesta este cel mai bun cinematograf > This IS the best clllcma 111 our town.
din ora~ul nostru.
34
, 16
16.1. Construqi ile as... as ~i not so... as
Aceste structuri se folosesc la compararea obiectelor sau a persoanelor:
as ... as - la fel de, a~a ... ca (~i), tot a~a (de) (In
propozitia afirmativa)
not so.. as - nu a~a ... ca ~i (in propozitie negativa)

nLl atat de
My car is as expensive as yours. - Ma~ina mea este Ia fel de scumpa

ca ~l a ta.
He is not as old as I am. - El nu are aceea~i varsta ca mine.
In propozitii negative, in loc de not so ... as putem folosi expresia not as ... as.
16.2. Prepozitiile for ~i since se folosesc astfeI:
Prepozitia for inseamna: pe 0 duratalperioda de.
CLl ajutorul acestel prepozitii exprimam durata aqiunii, de exemplu: de doi ani, de trei zile.
1 haven't seen hun for a week. - Nu I-am vazut de 0 saptamana.
Prepozitia since inseamna: din, de la un moment dat din trecut.
Se folose~te tot pentru exprimarea duratei aqiunii, dar se refera ~i la momentul din trecut in
care a inceput aqiunea.
She hasn't met him since last month. - Ea nu s-a intalnit cu el de luna trecuta.
Since poate fi urmat de 0 propozitie eu predieatulla timpul Simple Past:
1 haven't seen him since we met - Nu I-am mai vazut de cand ne-am intalnit
in August. in august.
Predicatul propozitiilor care contin since ~i for se traduce in limba romana fie la timpul
prezent, fie la trecut.
1 have lived here for ten years. - Traiesc aici de zece ani.
I have lived here since 1980. - Traiesc aici din 1980.
35
A. Traduce~i propozi~iile unnatoare in limba ramana:
1. J want to try on that blouse.
2. She has worn the same hat for ten years.
3. Last week she knitted this woollen jersey for me.
4. Have you seen him since he changed his apartment?
5. This man is as strange as his neighbour.
6. We must remember to buy the least expensive clothes.
I. Biserica aceasta este la fel de frumoasa ca ~i cea din Londra.
2. Jeri mi-am pierdut portofelul in autobuz.
3. II cunosc pe acest om de cand am cumparat 0 casa de la el.

4. Fiul nostru a crescut mult in ultimele doua luni.
5. Aceste legume nu sunt la fel de bune ca acelea.
6. Ei lucreaza la un macelar de la sfiir~itul anului trecut.
C. Corectati gre~elile din propozitiile unnatoare:
I. She has knited three jerseys so far.
2. They have spent all their money for last week.
3. My father has been in hospital since he has had an accident.
4. His parents are so nice as mine.
5. They have lately shutted their shop.
6. We haven't been in England since two years.
36
LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE DIN LECTIILE
, 15 SI
, 16
II ill
become > [bikam] became > [bikeim] become > [bikam]
grow > [grall] grew > [gru:] grown > [gralln]
lose > [Iu:z] lost > [lost) lost > [lost]
meet > [mi:t] met > [met] met > [met]
rIse > [ralZ] rose > [rollZ] risen > [rizn]
shut > [~at J shut > [sat] shut > [~at]
sleep > [siI:p] slept > [slept] slept > [slept]
spend > l spend] spent > [spellt] spent > [spent]
wear > ["ea'J wore > [" O :'] worn > [Uo:'n]
37
, 15 SI
, 16
airport >[ carpo:rt] - aeroport
another >[anaD1a'] - altul, alta, inca unul, inca una
arrival >[ aralval] - sosire
as ... as >[ Ez. .. Ez] - a~a, ca ~i, tot a~a, la fel de
baker's >[bclka'z] - brutarie
beard >[bla'd] - barM
beautiful >[biu ural] - frumos, minunat
to become >[ tu blkam] - a deveni
bill >[ bil] - factura, nota de plata

bancnota [USA]
blouse > Ihlallz] - bluza
break >[bITlk] - pauza
butcher > [butsa'] - macelar
butcher's >Ibut~a'z] - macelarie
button >[batn] - nasture
to change >[tu tscmel)] - a modifica, a schimba (bani),

- a (se) schimba (despre haine)
change > l t~cll1d.l] - schimbare, schimb de bani,

marunti~
clever >[klcva'] - de~tept, istet
clothes > [klallD/z] - imbracaminte
collar >lkola'] - guler
colour >[kala'] - culoare
dark >lda.'k] - intunecat, inchis la culoare,

intunecos
departure > [(lJpa 't~a'] - plecare, pomire
during > [dlUaJ mig,] - in timp ce
ear-f1ng > [i'l! mlgl ] - cercel
to enjoy > [tu mdlOf] - a savura, a se simti bine,

a se bucura de
enough >lmaf] - destul, suficient, indeajuns
to fit > [tu fit] - a (se) potrivi
38
food > [fu:d] - mancare, alimente, hrana
for > [fo:'] - de un anumit timp
fresh > [fre~] - proaspat
fruit > [fru:t] - fruct
glad > [gIEd] - fericit, bucuros
grape > [grelp] - strugure
greengrocer > [gri. ngrallsa'] - vanzator la magazinul de legume

~i fmcte
greengrocer's > [gri:ngrallsa'z] - magazinul de legume ~i fructe
grocer > [griillsa'] - Mcan, vanzator la bacanie
grocer's > [grallsa'z] - bacanie
to grow > [tll grau] - a crqte, a cultiva
to happen >[tuhEpn] - a (se) intampla
heavy >[hCVl] - greu
homework > [halll11"a:'k] - tema pentru acasa
Jersey > [dja.'Z1] - Jerseu
to knit > [tu nit] - a tricota
library > [la/brari] - biblioteca
lIght > [la/t] - lUl11inos, deschis (la culoare),

u~or
to lose >[tu lu:z] - a pierde
loss > [los] - pierdere
to meet >[tll mi:t] - a (se) intalni, a (se) cunoa~te
meeting > [mi:tin(gl] - ~edinta, intalnire, adunare
narrow >[nErou] - ingust, stramt
necklace >[ncklis] - colier
neighbour >[nc/ba'] - veClll
not so... as >[not sau Ez] - nu a~a (de) ... , ca (~i); TIU atat de
not as ... as >[ not Ez Ez] - nu a~a (de) ..., ca (~i); nu atat de
orange >[ ortnuj] - portocala
39
out of fashion > [aut ov fF~::;n] - demodat
pear >[pea'] - para
pocket >[poklt] - buzunar
polite > [palalt] - politicos
to remember > [tLl rImcll1ba r ] - aHi) aminti, aHi) reaminti
to return >[tLl nta:'n] - a (se) intoarce, ada inapoi,

a inapoia
to rise >[tulalz] - a rasari
sad >[,Ed] - trist
to shut >[tu ~at] - a inchide
simple
since
skirt
> [simpl]
>[sins]
>[ska:'t]
- simplu
- de atunci
- fusta
• ~
to sleep >[tu sh.pJ - a dormi
sleeve >[slI.\ J - maneca (a rochiei, a cama~ii)
small >[smo:1J -mic
soaked >[saukt] - ud, umed
to spend >[ tLl spend] - a cheltui (bani),

a (pe) trece (timp)
to start >[tu'la.'tJ - a incepe
strange >[stlclI1dlJ - ciudat
sunnse
than
to try on
>[sanralz]
>[ D/EnJ
>[tu Iral onJ

- rasarit de soare
- decat
- a incerca, a proba (despre

• ~
imbracaminte)
ugly >[agIJJ - mat, pocit
van > [\ Ln J - furgoneta
waterproof >["ola'pru:J] - impermeabil, rezistent la apa
to wear >[ III "ca'] - a purta (despre haine)
wide > ["af(IJ - lat
woollen >["ulanJ - (confectionat) din lana, de lana
worn > [" ll In] - uzat, folosit (pentru haine)
to zip up >ltuzlpap! - a inchide fermoarul
40
RECAPITULARE
1. Pronumele negativ no, nobody, nothing:
I have no time now. - Acum nu am timp.
Nobody came to visit us. - Nu a venit nimeni sa ne viziteze.
I have nothing. - Nu am nimic.
2. There is/there are:
There is a car in the street. - Este 0 ma~ina in strada.
There are some dogs in the garden. - Sunt cativa caini in gradina.
3. Prepozitia for exprima durata actiunii:
I haven't seen him for a week. - Nu I-am vazut de 0 saptamana.
Prepozitia since indica momentul din trecut in care a inceput actiunea:
She hasn't met him since last year. - Ea nu s-a intalnit cu el de anul trecut.
4. Constructiile as... as ~i not so... as folosite pentru compararea obiectelor sau a persoanelor:
as... as - Ia feI, a~a de, ... tot a~a de

(in propozitie afirmativa)
not so... as - nu a~a... ca ~i (in propozitie
negativa), nu atat
My car is as expensive as yours. - M~ina mea este Ia fel de scumpa ca ~i a tao

He is not as old as me. - Nu e a~a de batran ca mine.
Nu are aceea~i varsta ca mine.
LECTIA
, 17 PARTEA INTA.I
Sa incepem lectia cu setul de cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i urmariti

traducerea lor in limba romiina:
job > [djob] - munca, ocupatie, slujba
wages > [Ueidjiz] - salariu
raise > [reiz] - marire, cre~tere

(a salariului)
labourer > [lelbaraf ] - muncitor

unemployment > [animploimant] - ~omaJ
colleague > [koli:g] - coleg
trade-union > [treid iu:nian] - sindicat
member > [membar] - membru
negotiations > [nigau~iei~anz] - negocieri
employee > [emploii:] - angajat, salariat
strike > [straik] - greva
management > [mEnidjmant] - conducere, administratie
Sa exersam acelea~i cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:
member > [membar ] - membru
raIse > [reiz] - marire, cre~tere

(a salariului)
unemployment > [animploimant] - ~omaJ
job > [djob] - munca, ocupatie, slujba
employee > [emploii:] - angajat, salariat
labourer > [lelbara T

] - muncitor
2
I have many colleagues. >[ai hEv meni koli:gz] - Am multi colegi.
The negotiations will be >[DZa nigau~iei~anz uil bi: - Negocierile vor fi maine.
tomorrow. tamorau]
We are waiting for >[Ui: a:' Ueitin(g) fo: r - A~teptam conducerea.

the management. DZa mEnidjmant]
He has lost his job. >[hi: hEz lost hiz djob] - El ~i-a pierdut slujba.
The employees want to talk. >[DZa emploii:z Uont tu to:k] - Salariatii vor sa vorbeasca.
I got a raise yesterday. > [ai got a reiz iestardei] - Ieri am primit 0 marire de salariu.
He is a member of >[hi: iz a memM' av - EI este membru de sindicat.

a trade-union. a treid iu:nian]
We have great >[Ui: hEv greit - In Romania ~omajul

unemployment in Romania. animploimant in ru:meinia] este foarte mare.
They are talking about >[ DZei a: r to:kin lg ) abaut - Ei vorbesc despre
the last strike. DZa la:st straik] ultima greva.
Do you think my wages >[ du iu: TSm(g)k mal Ueidjiz - Crezi ca salariul meu
are high? a.' hai] este mare?
Is he a labourer m >[ iz hi: a lelbara r in - El este muncitor in

this factory? DZis fEktari] aceasta fabrica?
Ai ve~ti despre greva? - Have you the news about the >strike?
~tiu despre aceste negocieri. - I know about these >negotiations.
Iti place munca ta? - Do you like your :::job?
Anul trecut am avut mai multi membri. - Last year we had more >members.
Ei obtin in fiecare an 0 marire de salariu. - They get a >raise every year.
Colegii mei rna vor ajuta intotdeauna. - My :::colleagues will always help me.
Ce ~tii despre ~omajul din tara ta? - What do you know about
:::unemployment in your country?
Peste 0 luna salariile noastre vor fi mai mario - In a month our >wages will be higher.
Administratia fabricii noastre este - The :::management of our factory is

foarte buna. very good.
Toti muncitorii au ~edinta miercuri. - All >labourers have a meeting on Wednesday.
Toti angajatii tai au familie? - Have all your ::oemployees families?
E~ti membru al acestui sindicat? - Are you a member of this :>trade-union?
3
Traduceti in limba engleza noile cuvinte:
munca, slujba > job
coleg > colleague
angajat > employee
salariu > wages
conducere > management
membm > member
muncitor > labourer
> unemployment
sindicat > trade-union
salariu > wages
negocieri > negotiations
greva > strike
marire a salariului > raIse
administratie > management
Gramatica lecfiei se referii la utilizarea timpului trecut perfect (Past Perfect Tense). Acest timp se
folose~tepentru a descrie 0 aCfiune care s-a desfii~urat inaintea unei alte aCfiuni trecute, aceasta din
urmii exprimiindu-se cu timpul Simple Past (trecutul simplu). Complementele circumstanfiale utilizate
cu Past Perfect Tense sunt:
after > [a:ftaf] - dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce,

ulterior
before > [bifo: f] - inainte de, inaintea, dinaintea
Urmiirifi structura propozifiei:
Subiect + verb auxiliar + forma a Ill-a +

a verbului principal
She had read this book ...
They had built the house...
lata cum este folosit Past Perfect Tense in propozitii:
I had eaten breakfast before >[ai hEd Un brekfast bifo: f - Am luat micul dejun inainte
I went to work. ai Uent tu ua:fk] de a merge la lucm.
After the employees had got >[a:fta f DZi emploii:z hEd got - Dupa ce salariatii au obtinut 0
a raise they started to work. a reiz DZei sta:ftid tu ua:fk] marire de salariu, au inceput
sa lucreze.
4
Before I visited my mother > [bifo: f ai vizitid mai maDZa f - Inainte de a 0 vizita pe mama
I had bought her flowers. al hEd bo:t ha: f tlauih] i-am cumparat flori.
She went to bed after she > Uent tu bed a:fta r

[~j: ~i: - Ea s-a dus 1a culcare dupa ce
had watched that film. hEd Uot;;t DZEt film] s-a uitat la filmul acela.
Inainte de a cumpara aceasta ma~ina am lucrat > Before I bought this car I had worked
mult timp intr-o banca. in a bank for a long time.
Dupa ce s-a intors acasa el a mancat > After he had returned home he ate
ni~te paine. some bread.
Am i'ncercat aceasta haina inainte > I had tried on this coat before
de a 0 cumpara. I bought it.
Ea a inceput sa se ingrijoreze dupa ce > She started to worry after

a primit aceasta scrisoare. she had got this letter.
lata acum cateva verbe noi. Retineti traducerea lor:
to negotiate > [tu nigau~ielt] - a negocia, a duce tratative
to raise >[tureiz] - a spori, a mari
to apply for > [tu apJai fo:f] - a cere, a solicita
to earn > [tu a:fn] - a ca~tiga (bani prin munca)
to reduce > [tu ridiu:s] - a reduce, a mic~ora
to fire > [ttl faia f] - a concedia
Sa exersam verbele ~i intr-o alta ordine:
to apply for > [tu aplai fo:f] - a cere, a solicita
to fire > [tu faia f] - a concedia
to negotiate > [tu nigau~ieit] - a negocia, a duce tratative
to earn > [tua:fn] - a ca~tiga (bani prin munca)
to raise > [tu reiz] - a spori, a mari
5
Sa introducem nOlle verbe in propozitii:
I think we must raise > [az Pin(g)k Ui: mast relz - Cred ca trebuie sa marim
wages. Ueidjlz] salariile.
Yes, our employees have > [ies aua r emploli:z hEy - Da, salariatii no~tri au solicitat
already applied for this. o:lredl aplaid fo:' DZls] deja asta.
They say they earn to little. > [DZei sei DZei a:rn tu: Utl] - Ei spun ca ei cii~tiga prea
putini bani.
We will negotiate It > [Ui: ull nigau~ieit it - Yom negocia asta cu ei.
with them. uiDz DZEm]
The management wants > [DZa mEllld]mant Uonts - Conducerea vrea

to fire a hundred of them. tu faia r a handnd ov DZem] sa concedieze 0 suta dintre ei.
But remember we must > [bat rimemba l 1I 1: mast - Aminte~te-ti insa ca trebuie
reduce unemployment. ridiu:s animplollnant] sa reducem ~omajul.
How can we do it If they > [hau kEn lIi: du: it if DZei - Cum putem sa facem asta daca
want to fire people? lIont tu fala r pi:pl] ei vor sa concedieze oameni?
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu verbele corespunzatoare:
Inainte de a reduce ~omajul ei au construit - Before they> reduced unemployment they

fabrici noi. had built new factories.
Ne vor mari salariile? - Will they > raise our wages?
Cati muncitori au concediat deja? - How many labourers have they already
> fired?
Inainte de a solicita 0 slujba noua, - Before I > applied for a new job
am lucrat intr-un birou. I had worked in an office.
Ei ca~tiga mai putin decat parintl1 no~tri? - Do they> earn less than our parents?
Nu vom negocia aici. - We will not> negotIate here.
Sii vedem cum se jormeazii interogativul $i negativulla Past Perfect Tense.
Propozitia interogativii se jormeazii prin inversarea ordinii subiectului $i a verbului auxiliar:
They had been here before I came.
Had they been here before I came? > [hEd DZei bi:n hia r bifo: r ai keim]
He had bought a book before he went home.
Had he bought a book before he went home? > [hEd hi: bo:t a buk bifo: 1 hi: lIent haum]
6
Riispunslll ajirmativ seformeazii cu ajlltorul adverbului yes, alpronumeluipersonal $i al verbului auxiliar
had. Nega!ia se compune din: cuwintul no, pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar had $i adverbul not.
Structura had not poatejiprescurtatii hadn't [hEdnt].
Had you been here before I came?
Yes, I had. > lies ai hEd]
No, I had not. > [nau ai hEd not]
No, I hadn't. > [nau ai hEdnt]
Had he written the letter before he went to the post-office?
Yes, he had. > lies hi: hEd]
No, he had not. > [nau hi: hEd not]
No, he hadn't. > [nau hi: hEdnt]
In exerci!iul urmator formulati intrebari, raspunsuri afirmative ~i negative la urmatoarele propozi!ii:
They had seen this film before > Had they seen this film before
we visited them. we visited them?
- Yes, >they had.
- No, >they hadn't.
He had been in England before he returned. > Had he been in England before he returned?
- Yes, >he had.
- No, >he hadn't.
They had applied for the job before > Had they applied for the job before
I started to work there. I started to work there?
- Yes, >they had.
- No, >they hadn't.
Construc!ia negativii hadn't se poate folosi $i in propozi!ii afirmative:
They hadn't seen Mary before > [DZei hEdnt si:n meari - Ei n-au vazut-o pe Maria inainte
she visited them. bifo:' ~i: vizitId DZem] ca ea sa-i fi vizitat.
They hadn't known > [DZei hEdnt naun abaut - Nu au ~tiut despre asta inainte
about it before I told them. it bifo:' ai told DZem] ca eu sa Ie fi spus.
Traduce!i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ai fost aici inainte de a se intampla asta? > Had you been here before it happened?
Dupa ce m-am sculat m-am dus in bucatarie. > After I had got up I went to the kitchen.
7
Nu am vazut acest tablou inainte de a sosi aici. > I hadn't seen this picture before I arrived here
Ai incercat sa negociezi inainte ca ei > Had you tried to negotiate before

sa te concedieze? they fired you?
Dupa ce administratia le-a marit salariile, > After the management had raised wages
angajatii au fost foarte bucuro~i. the employees were very glad.
Nu m-am gandit la asta inainte sa fi citit > I hadn't thought about it before I read
aceasta carte. this book.
Sa invatam alte ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
contents > [kontents] - cuprins, continut
oats > [auts] -ovaz
proceeds > [prousl:dz] - cii~tig (dintr-o activitate)
riches > [rit~iz] - avere, bogatie
thanks > [TSEn(g)ks] - multumiri, recuno~tinta
surroundings > [saraundin(glz] - imprejurimi, vecinatate
savings > [seivin(glz] - economii (bani economisiti)
Cuvintele invatate anterior sunt la plural, la fel ca ~i cuviintul wages pe

care il cunoa~tem deja.
Repetati cuvintele noi intr-o ordine diferita:
proceeds > [prousi:dz] - cii~tig (dintr-o activitate)

thanks > [TSEn(glks] - multumiri, recuno~tinta
surroundings > [saraundin(glz] - imprejurimi, vecinatate

oats > [auts] - ovaz
savings > [seivin(glz] - economii (bani economisiti)
riches > [rit~iz] - avere, bogatie
Unde este cuprinsul acestei carti? > Where are the contents of this book?
Cailor Ie place sa manance ovaz. > Horses like to eat oats.
Ce cii~tig anual ai? > What proceeds have you every year?
Imi tin economiile acasa. > I keep my savings at home.
Cum ~i-a cii~tigat el averea? > How has he earned his riches?
8
Le-am transmis multumirile mele. > I gave them my thanks.
Imprejurimile sunt frumoase. > These are nice surroundings.
Iar acum sa recapitulam aceasta parte a lectiei rezolvand urmatorul exercitiu. Traduceti propozitiile
In limba engleza:
Te-ai Intalnit deja cu salariatii noi? > Have you already met the new employees?
Inainte de a-I cunoa~te pe John am lucrat cu Peter. > Before I met John I had worked with Peter.
Continutul acestei cutii este interesant. > The contents of this box are interesting.
Negocierile vor fi foarte dificile, dar trebuie > The negotiations will be very difficult, but
sa obtinem marirea salariilor. we must get a raise.
EI a cumparat 0 casa noua dupa ce a Inceput > He bought a new house after he had started
sa cii~tige mai mult. to earn more.
EI ca~tiga prea putin ca sa ~i economiseasca. > His earns too little to have savings.
Ai mai lucrat Inainte de-a solicita > Have you ever worked before you applied
aceasta slujba? for this job?
Muncitorii no~tri sunt membri > Our labourers have been members of a
ai sindicatului de cinci ani. trade-union for five years.
Dupa greva conducerea a concediat > After the strike the management fired
multi angajati. many employees.
Trebuie sa facem ceva ca sa reducem > We must do something to reduce

~omajui. unemployment.
"I keep my savings at home."
9
LECTIA
, 17 - PARTEA A DOUA
Sa continuam lectia invat1ind 0 serie de cuvinte noi legate de cumparaturi.

Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
supermarket > [su:parma:rkit] - supermarket

trolley > [troli] - carucior
customer > [kastamaT] - cumparator, client
shop-assistant > [~op asistant] ::.. vanzator, vanzatoare
receipt > [risi:t] - chitanta
shopping-list > [~opin(g) list] - lista de cumparaturi
cash-desk > [kE~ desk] - casa (lntr-un magazin)
shop-window > [~op Uindau] - vitrina
exit > [egzit] - ie~ire
bargain > [ba:Tgin] - vanzare la un pret

favorabil, chilipir,
afacere
discount > [diskaunt] - reducere de preturi
sales > [seilz] - vanzare, reduceri,
vanzarea soldurilor
shopping-bag > [~opin(g) bEg] - saco~a de cumparaturi
lar acum recititi cuvintele cu voce tare, intr-o alta ordine:
shopping-list > [~opin(g) list] - lista de cumparaturi

supermarket > [su:parma:'kit] - supermarket
sales > [seilz] - vanzare, reduceri,
vanzarea soldurilor
bargain > [ba:rgin] - vanzare la un pret

favorabil, chilipir,
afacere
shopping-bag > [~opin(g) bEg] - saco~a de cumparaturi
discount > [diskaunt] - reducere de preturi
receipt > [risi:t] - chitanta
customer > [kastamaT] - cumparator, client
shop-assistant > [~op asisUint] - vanzator, vanzatoare
cash-desk > [kE~ desk] - casa (intr-un magazin)
trolley > [troli] - carucior
10
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii:
Have you already been > [hEy iu: o:lredl bi:n - Ai fost deja in
in the new supermarket? in DZa niu: su:pa'ma:'kit] noul supermarket?
Yes, they have a lot of > [ies DZei hEy a lot av - Da, au foarte
customers there. kastama'z DZea'] multi cumparatori.
You can take a trolley > [iu: kEn teik a troli - Poti sa iei un camcior
in this supermarket. in DZis su.pa'ma:'kit] in acest supermarket.
Oh, yes. And they often > [au ies End DZei ofn - Da. ~i au des reduceri.
have sales. hEy seilz]
Yesterday I bought a lot of > [iesta'del al bo:t a lot av - leri am cumparat 0 multime
things at discount. T'in(g)z Et diskaunt] de lucruri la pret redus.
It was a great bargain. > [it "oz a greit ba:'gin] - A fost 0 adevarata afacere.
My shopping-bag was full, > [mai ~opin(g) bEg U az ful - Saco~a mea era plina
and I didn't spend End ai didnt spend ~inu am cheltuit
too much money. tu: mat~ mani] prea multi bani.
And the shop-assistants are > [End DZa ~op asistants a:' - ~i viinzatorii sunt gata
always ready to help you. o:lueiz redl tu help iu:] intotdeauna sa te ajute.
You can always get a receipt > [iu: kEn 0: IU eiz get a risi:t - Poti obtine intotdeauna
at the cash-desk. Et DZa kE~ desk] o chitanta la casa.
You can also give the > [iu: kEn olsau giv DZa - Poti, de asemenea, sa-i dai
shop-assistant your ~op asistant 10:' viinzatoarei iista ta
shopping-list and wait ~opm(g) list End Ue1t de cumparaturi ~i
near the eXIt. nia' DZi egzlt] sa a~tepti liinga ie~ire.
She will bring you > [~I: ull brm igl IU - Ea iti va aduce
your shopping. 10:' ~opmlg)] cumparaturile.
And they always have > [End DZei 0:lue1z hEy - ~i au intotdeauna
beautiful shop-windows. biu:tifal ~op uindauz] vitrine minunate.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Ciite case aveti in magazin? - How many >cash-desks have you

in the shop?
Imi place sa cumpar la viinzarea soldurilor. - I love to buy at >sales.
Caruciorul meu este plin. - My >trolley is full.
Am doar 0 saco~a pentru cumparaturi. - I have only one >shopping-bag.
11
Acest supermarket este cel mai bun - This >supennarket is the best
din ora~ul nostru. in our town.
Aici sunt patru ie~iri. - There are four >exits here.
Acest vanzator este foarte dragut. - This >shop-assistant is very nice.
Multi cumparatori pleaca acum. - Many >customers are leaving now.
Am pierdut chitanta. - I have lost the >recelpt.
Aceasta casa este la un pret foarte bun. - This house is a >bargain.
Ai facut deja !ista de cumparaturi? - Have you already made the >shopping-!ist?
In vitrina este un radio dragut. - There is a nice radio in the >shop-window.
Facem mari reduceri. - We give large >discounts.
Traduceti in !imba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte:
vanzare la pret favorabil, afacere > bargain

saco~a (de cumparaturi) > shopping-bag
vitrina > shop-wmdow
vanzator, vanzatoare > shop-assistant
le~lre > exit
!ista de cumparaturi > shopping-hst
reducere de preturi > discount
carucior > trolley
vanzarea soldurilor, reduceri > sales
cumparator > customer
12
chitanta > receipt
casa (lntr-un magazin) > cash-desk
supermarket > supermarket
Desigur vd mai amintili de pronumele some (catva, cativa, ceva, ni~te, unii, putin):
I have some books. - Am citeva carti.
I have some sugar. - Am ceva zahar.
La forma negativa ~i interogativa in locullui some se folose~te pronumele

any[cm].
Acest pronume se folose~te in urmatoarele cazuri: la singular ~i la plural,

cu substantive care au plural ~i cu cele care nu au forma la plural ~i in
propozitii interogative ~i negative (in unele cazuri ~i in cele afirmative).
Have you any bread at home? > [hEv iu: eni bred Et haum] - Ai (ni~te) paine acasa?
Has she any coffee? > [hEz ~l: eni kofi] - Ea are (ni~te) cafea?
Have they any children? > [hEv DZCl eni tsildran] - Au copii?
Have we any tea at home? > [hEv lli: eni ti: Et haum] - Avem (ni~te) ceai acasa?
in limba eng/ezd pronumele any nu poate fi omis din propoziliile interogative. in limba romtinii
traducerea acestui cuviint nu este necesarii. Uneori se traduce totu$i, mai ales ciind se referii la
cantitiiti miCl (vezi exemplele anterioare).
Puneti la forma mterogativa urmiHoarele propozitii:
He saw some cars. > Did he see any cars?
My parents have some friends. > Have my parents any friends?
Her sister has some good books. > Has hcr sister any good books?
Mary has some customers in her shop. > Has Mary any customers in her shop?
Dacd rdspundem afirmativ la intrebarea in care apare pronumele any, atunci riispunsul poate
cuprinde: a lot of, some, a little, a few ~i/sau alte pronume care fac referire la cantitate.
Have you any receipts? Yes, I have some. - Da, am cateva.
Has she any milk? Yes, she has a little. - Da, (ea) are putin.
Have they any cars? Yes, they have a lot of cars. - Da, au 0 multime de ma~ini.
Have you any trolleys? Yes, we have a few. - Da, avem cateva.
13
Daca raspunsul este negativ, atunci putem folosi doua constructii:
Have you any - No, I haven't any - No, I have no - Nu am chitanta.

receipts? receipts. receipts.
Have you any time? - No, I haven't any - No, I have no time. - Nu am timp.
time.
Have they any - No, they haven't - No, they have - Nu au bani.
money? any money. no money.
Nu uitati ca not any ~i no inseamna acela~i lucru - a nu avea deloc.
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza. In cazul negatiilor folositi ambele forme:
Au cativa caini. > They have some/a few dogs.
Nu avem tablouri (nici un tablou). > We haven't any pictures.

> We have no pictures.
Ai caini? > Have you any dogs?
Nu vad oameni aici (pe nimeni). > I see no people here.

> I don't see any people here.
Am putin unt. > I have some/a little butter.
Nu cunosc dactilografe (nici 0 dactilograili). > I know no typists.

> I don't know any typists.
lata alte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
important > [impo:'tant] - important, semnificativ
satisfied (with) > [sEtisfaid] - satisilicut, multumit (de)
hardly > [ha:'dli] - abia, mai deloc, prea putin
hardly any > [ha:ldli eni] - abia, putin/un pic
hardly ever > [h a r dII e\ alJ - nu prea, mai niciodata, foarte rar
true > [tru ] - adevarat
even > [i \ n] - chiar, pana ~i, nici macar
How much is ... ? > [h,ll! ll1at~ IZ] - Cat costa... ?
cash > [kE~] - bani gheata, bani in numerar
unskilled > [anskild] - necalificat
useful > [iu:sfal] - folositor
14
Acum repetati cuvintele intr-o ordine diferita:
true > [tnt:] - adevarat

hardly ever > [ha:fdli evaf] - nu prea, mai niciodata, foarte rar
useful > [iu:sfal] - folositor
How much is ... ? > [hau mat~ iz] - Cit costa... ?
hardly any > [ha:fdh eni] - abia, putin/un pic

satisfied (with) > [sEtisfaid] - satisfacut, multumit (de)
even > [i:vn] - chiar, pfma ~i, nici macar
hardly > [ha:'dli] - abia (daca), mai deloc, prea putin
important > [impo:'tant] - important, semnificativ
cash > [kE~] - bani gheata, bani in numerar
Adverbul hardly exprima 0 negatie. De aceea, alaturi de el nu se folose~te

alt cuvant de negatie:
I have hardly any friends. - Abia daca mai am vreun prieten.
Sa mtroducem cuvintele noi in propozitii:
How much is this clock? > [hau mat~ iz DZis klok] - Cat costa acest ceas?
Were all customers >["a:f 0:1 kastama'z - Au fost satisfacuti toti

satisfied? sEtlsfald] consumatorii?
I am hardly ever III thIS > [al Em haofdil e\ a' III DZis - Vin foarte rar in acest
shop. :'l'p J magazm.
Is that story true? >[IZ DIEt sto n tru.] - Este adevarata povestea aceea?
He always buys useful > [hI: oYelz balz IU sfal - EI cumpara intotdeauna
things. Pm,glz] lucruri utile.
There is hardly any salt. > [DZea' iz ha:'dlJ em so:lt] - Nu este sare mai deloc.
This car is even cheaper. > [DZis ka:' iz i:vn t~i:paf] - Aceasta ma~ina este chiar
mai ieftina.
You must pay in cash. > [iu: mast pei in kE~] - Trebuie sa plate~ti cu bani gheata.
They will fire ten unskilled > [DZei Uil faia' ten anskil - Vor concedia zece muncitori
labourers. leibarafz] necalificati.
I have hardly any money. > [ai hEy ha:'dli cni mani] - Abia daca mai am ceva bani.
Retineti urmatoarea expresie:

to pay in cash - a plati cu bani gheata,
a plati in numerar
15
E~ti multumit de locul tau de munca? - Are you >satisfied with your job?
Toata lumea spline ca este 0 poveste adevarata. - Everybody says it is a >true story.
Cat costa aceasta bicicleta? - > How much is this bicycle?
Nici macar nu I-au concediat. - They didn't >even fire him.
Nu vrem angajati necalificati. - We don't want >unskilled employees.
Platim intotdeauna cu bani gheata. - We always pay >m cash.
Este foarte important pentru mine. - It is very >important for me.
Ea nu a vorbit mai deloc. - She >hardly spoke.
Nu merg aproape niciodata la meciuri. - I >hardly ever go to matches.
Traduceti urmatoarele expresii in limba engleza:
foarte putinl un pic > hardly any

util > useful
important > Important
abia, mai deloc > hardly
Cat costa... ? > How much is ... ?
necalificat > unskilled
mai niciodata > hardly ever
satisIacut (de) > satisfied with
adevarat > true
pana ~i > even

bani gheata > cash
Acum sa fnVli{am formele compuse ale pronumelui some:
something - ceva
somebody >[sambadi] - cineva
somewhere - undeva
I have something to tell you. > [ai hEy samTsin(g) tll tel iu:] - Am ceva sa-ti spun.
It must be somewhere. > [It mast bi: samUea'] - Trebuie sa fie undeva.
Somebody is standing > [sambadl 1Z stEndin{g) - Cineva sm langa

near our car. ma' aua' ka:'] ma~ina noastra.
16
in propozi!iile interogative in locullui some se folosesc formele compuse ale pronumelui any:
Do you know anybody here? > [ du IU: nau enibadi hia r ] - Cuno~ti pe eineva aici?
Did he give you anything? > [did hi: giv iu: eniTSm(g)] - Ti-a dat eeva?
Do you see Mary anywhere? > [du iu: si: meari eniUeaf ] - 0 vezi undeva pe Maria?
Dacii riispunsul este negativ, atunci folosim formele compuse ale cuvdntului any, iar verbul din
propozi/ie va ji la forma negativii. Cdnd folosim formele compuse ale lui no, atunci verbul va ji la
forma ajirmativii. Nu uitali cii in limba englezii nu existii dub Iii negalie.
Sa exemplifieam explieatia anterioara:
Do you know anybody here?

No, I don'(know anybody > [nau al daunt nau enibadi
here. hlaf ]
No, I know' nobody here. > [nau ai nau naubadi hia r ] - Nu eunose pe nimeni aiei.
Did he give you anything?

No, he didn't give me > [nau hi: didnt glV mi:
anything. eniTSin(g)]
No, he gave me > [nau hi: geiv mi: - Nu mi-a dat nimie.
nothing. naTsm(g)]
Do you see Mary anywhere?

No, I don't see her > [nau ai daunt si: ha: f
anywhere. eniUear ]
No, I see her nowhere. > [nau ai si: ha: f nauUea r ] - Nu 0 vad nieaieri.
Traducetl in lImba engleza urmatoarele propozitii. Pentm propozitiile negative folositi ambele structuri:
Nu vreau sa \orbesc cu mmem. > 1 don't want to talk to anybody.

> I want to talk to nobody.
Le-ai vazut undeva pe aceste fete? > Have you seen these gIrls anywhere?
Nu-mi place de nimeni. > I don't like anybody.

> I like nobody.
Poate cineva sa plateasca cu bani gheata? > Can anybody pay in cash?
Sora mea este undeva in Anglia. > My sister is somewhere in England.
Acest om nu iube~te pe nimeni. > This man doesn't love anybody.

> This man loves nobody.
Ai intiilnit acolo pe cineva important? > DId you meet anybody important there?
17
Iar acum sa recapitulam intreaga lectie. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Colegii no~tri solicita 0 marire de salariu. > Our colleagues are applying for a raise.
Trebuie sa reducem ~omajulin Romania. > We must reduce unemployment in Romania.
Salariatii ~i conducerea se intalnesc maine > The employees and the management are
sa negocieze salariile. meeting tomorrow to negotiate wages.
Membrii sindicatului nostru ca~tiga mai mult. > The members of our trade-union earn more.
Cati muncitori au concediat in ultima vreme? > How many labourers have they recently fired?
Ai vazut ceva interesant in > Have you seen anything interesting

imprejurimi? in the surroundings?
Ca~tigullui este foarte mare. > His proceeds are very high.
Inainte de a cumpara aceasta carte > Before I bought this book I had asked
m-am interesat de continutul ei. about its contents.
Saptamana viitoare vor fi reduceri In > There will be sales in our

supermarketul nostru. supermarket next week.
Vei primi chitanta la casa. > You will get the receipt at the cash-desk.
Clientii no~tri sunt intotdeauna satisIacuti > Our clients are always satisfied
de cumparaturile avantajoase. with their bargains.
Inainte de a merge la cumparaturi am scris > Before I went shoppmg I had written
o lista de cumparaturi. a shopping-list.
Pot sa primesc 0 reducere? > Can I get a discount?
Ai ceas acasa? > Have you any clock at home?
Nu prea ascult muzica. > I hardly ever listen to music.
Cat costa aceasta fusta? > How much is this skirt?
Nu voi spune nimanui despre asta. > I won't tell anybody about it.
> I will tell nobody about it.
Dupa ce am inceput lucrul a venit John. > After I had started work John came.
Urmeaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele accentuate din fiecare coloana desemneaza sunete identice:
[E] [0] [u:] [ei]

cash trolley true sales
cat job blue day
hat clock do pay
can sock boot say
18
•
17
17.1. The Past Perfect Tense - timpul trecut perfect
17.1. 1. Utilizare
II folosim in cazul a doua actiuni din trecut, pentru a indica actiunea care s-a petrecut
mai devreme. Acest timp indica faptul ca prima actiune s-a terminat deja. Cea de-a
doua actiune se exprima cu timpul Simple Past.
Complementele circumstantiale cel mai des utilizate alaturi de acest timp sunt:
after - dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior
before - inainte, in fata, dinaintea
17.1.2. Constructia propozitiei:
subiect + verb + forma a III-a a +

auxiliar verbului principal
She had read this book ...
They had built the house ...
17.1 3. Formarea interogativului
Interog,ativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subiectului ~i a verbului auxiliar:

,,~ \
They had been here before I came. - Had they been here before I came?
17.1.4. Raspunsuri afirmative ~i negative
Raspunsurile afirmative se alcatuiesc cu ajutorul adverbului "yes", a pronumelui

personal ~i a verbului auxiliar "had". Negatiile se formeaza cu ajutorul cuvantului
de negatie "no", a pronumelui personal, a verbului auxiliar "had" ~i a adverbului
"
"not.
Expresia "had not" se prescurteaza "hadn't":

Had you been here before I came? - Yes, I had.
- No, I had not.
- No, I hadn't.
17.1.5. Structura negativa "hadn't" se poate folosi ~i in propozitii afirmative:
They hadn't seen Mary before - Nu au vazut-o pe Maria inainte

she visited them. ca ea sa-i fi vizitat.
17.2. Urmatoarele cuvinte apar de obicei la plural:
contents - continut, cuprins

oats - ovaz
proceeds - ca~tig (dintr-o activitate)
riches - avere, bogatie
thanks - multumiri, recuno~tinta
surroundings - imprejurimi, vecinatate
savmgs - economii, bani pu~i de 0 parte
wages - salariu
19
17.3. "Some, any, no"
I have some books. - Am cateva carti.
I have some sugar. - Am cevalputin zahar.
In propozitiile interogative in locullui "some" folosim adverbul "any".
Acest adverb se folose~te alaturi de substantive care au sau nu au plural; atat la singular ~i
plural.
Have you any bread at home? - Ai acasa paine?
Has she any friends? - Ea are vreun prieten?
In cazul unui raspuns negativ, se folosesc doua structuri:
Have you any receipts? No, I haven't any receipts. - Nu, nu am chitante.
No, I have no receipts.
Retineti ca "not any" ~i "no" inseamna acela~i lucru "nici un, nici 0, a nu avea deloc".
17.4. Fonnele compuse ale lui "some, any, no"
something - ceva
somebody - cineva
somewhere - undeva
In propozitii interogative in locullui "some" folosim formele compuse ale lui "any":
Do you know anybody here? - Cuno~ti pe cineva aici?
In cazul unui raspuns negativ se folosesc fonnele compuse ale lui "any" iar verbul are fanna
negativa, sau formele compuse ale lui "no" ~i verbulla fonna afinnativa:
Do you know anybody No, I don't know - Nu cunosc pe nimeni aici.

here? anybody here.
No, I know nobody
here.
20
I. Have you read anything about that accident?
2. I had stopped smoking before I started to work in this office.
3. Before they fired the unskilled labourers they had talked to them.
4. Do you know the contents of this book?
5. Did you get a receipt at the cash-desk in that supermarket?
6. Do these shop-assistants get higher wages than the management?
1. Ce creZI despre fratele lui?
2. Ai ceva bani pu~i de 0 parte?
3. Nu am vazut pe nimeni in acest parc.
4. Inainte de a rna uita la film, am baut 0 cea~ca de cafea cu mama.
5. Pot gasi oriunde asemenea farfurii?
6. Cineva ~tie ca nu lucrezi aici.
C. Corectati gre~elile din urmatoarele propozitii:
I. I haven't seen nobody in the street.
2. I was at school before I returned home.
3. This surroundings are very nice.
4. My mother has any friends.
5. He can't hardly cook dinner.
6. They just took a trolley.
21
,.. ,..
LECTIA
, 18 PARTEA INTAI
Sa incepem lectia cu noile cuvinte care definesc articole de uz casnic. Cititi-

Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
towel > [taual] - prosop
bucket > [bakit] - galeata
fridge > [fridj] - frigider
mop > [mop] - carpa de ~ters pe jos
sink > [sin(g)k] - chiuveta
tile > [tail] - placa de faiantalteracota
gas-cooker > [gEs kuka f ] - aragaz
tap > [tEp] - robinet
cupboard > [kabad] - dulap de bucatarie
rubbish-bin > [rabi;; bin] - lada de gunoi
saucepan > [so:spEn] - cratita
oven > [ ovn] - cuptor
Iar acum repetati-Ie intr-o alta ordine:
oven > [ovn] - cuptor

I
tile > [tail] - placa de faiantalteracota
gas-cooker > [gEs kuka f ] - aragaz
cupboard > [kabad] - dulap de bucatarie
rubbish-bin > [rabi~ bin] - lada de gunoi
mop > [mop] - dirpa de ~ters pe jos
22
Sa introducem noile cuvinte In propozitii:
I want to change something > [ai Uont tu t~eindj samTsin(gj - Vreau sa schimb ceva
in the kitchen. in Dza kit~an] in bucatarie.
I will put the fridge near > [ai ull put DZa fridj nia' - Voi pune frigiderul
the door. DZa do:'] langa u~a.
These cupboards will hang > [Dzi:s kabadz uil hEn(g) - Aceste dulapuri vor fi agatate
on the walls. on DZa Uol z ] pe pereti.
And I want to have tiles on > [End a l Uont tu hEy tailz on - ~i vreau sa am faianta pe perete
the wall over the sink. DZa uol auva' DZa sin(g)k] deasupra chiuvetei.
I think we can also > [ai Tsin(g)k ui: kEn olsau - Cred ca putem schimba
change the tap. t~eindj DZa tEp] ~i robinetul.
We will buy a new > [Ui: uil bai a niu: - Yom cumpara un aragaz
gas-cooker and gEs kuka' End nou ~i un cuptor
an electric oven. an ilektrik ovn] electric.
The rubbish-bin and the > [DZa rabi~ bin End DZa - Co~ul de gunoi ~i galeata
bucket with the mop bakit uiD z DZa mop cu carpa de ~ters pe jos
can be put here. kEn bi put hia'] pot fi puse aici.
And the towel can be > [End DZa taual kEn bi - Iar prosopul poate fi agatat
hanged near the smk. hEn(g)d nia' DZa sm(g)k] langa chiuveta.
And what about > [End "ot abaut - ~i ce facem cu cratitele?

the saucepans? D'a so:spEnz]
I must think about it. > [ai mast Pin(g)k abaut it] - Trebuie sa rna gandesc la asta.
23
Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte:
Curatam podeaua cu carpa de ~ters pe jos. - We clean the floor with a >mop.
Ia co~ul de gunoi. - Take the >rubbish-bin.
De unde pot procura robinete mari? - Where can I get big> taps?
Este ceva in galeata aceea. - There is something in that> bucket.
Frigiderul nostru este vechi. - Our >fridge is old.
Trebuie sa cumparam un aragaz nou. - We must buy a new >gas-cookeI:
Farfuriile murdare sunt in chiuveta. - Dirty plates are in the >sink.
Imi place faianta din acest magazin. - I like the >tiles in this shop.
Aceasta cratita nu este suficient de mare. - This >saucepan is not big enough.
Callta ceaiul in acest dulap. - Look for the tea in this > clipboard.
Ai prosoape curate? - Have you any clean >towels?
Cat costa acest cuptor? - How much is this >oven?
Verificati in ce masura ati reu~it sa va insu~iti cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele
cuvinte ~i expresii:
co~ de gunoi > rubbish-bin
cuptor, ma~ina de gatit > oven
prosop > towel
carpa de ~ters pe jos > mop
dulap > cupboard
aragaz > gas-cooker
cratita > saucepan
robinet > tap
chiuveta > sink
faianta > tile
galeata > bucket
frigider > fridge
in continuare vom fnvii!a regulile de formare a adl'erbelor. Adverbele se potforma din adjective, prin
adiiugarea termina!iei -Iy:
beautiful - minunat beautifully > [blU:t1rah] - minunat, splendid
In acela~i mod, putem fonna adverbe din substantive care exprima timpul:
month -luna monthly >[manTSli] - lunar, in fiecare luna
week - saptamana weekly - saptamanal,

in fiecare saptamana
day - Zl daily >[ dedi] - zilnic, in fiecare zi
Aten!ie: in cuviintul daily litera y s-a transformat in i!
24
Aceastii schimbare intervine ~i dacii litera y este precedatii de 0 consoanii:
easy - u~or easily > [i:zlli] - u~or, cu u~urinta
in multe cazuri, adjectivul ~i adverbul se traduc prin acela~i cuvant in limba romana.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu adverbele corespunzatoare:
Ea canta minunat. - She sings >beautifully

Trenul merge foarte Incet. - The train is going very >slowly
El a spus asta foarte trist. - He said it very >sadly
Trebuie sa vorbim cu ei politicos. - We must talk with them >politely
Acest copil scrie groaznic. - This child writes >awfully
in limba engleza, corespondentullui bine este well. Retineti ca gradele

sale de comparatie sunt identice cu ale adjectivului good:
well- bine better - mai bine the best - cel mai bine
in englezd. la leI ca ~i in limba romtinii, unele adverbe au formii identicii cu adjectivele care Ie
corespund
late - tarzlU. eu intarziere high -lnalt, sus

cheap - leftm long - lung, indelungat
wide -larg hard - tare, dur
fast - repede. lute early - timpuriu, devreme
Retmeti ca in cazul lUI cheap ~l wide putem folosi ~i terminatia Iy:

"cheaply, widely".
Sa invatam cateva verbe noi:
to look > [tu luk] - a arata, a parea sa fie
to feel > [tu fi:l] - a simti, a se simti
to smell > [tu smell - a mirosi, a avea miros
to taste > [tu tezst] - a gusta, a avea gust (de)
to sound > [tu saund] - a suna, a rasuna
Doua dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate:
forma I forma a II-a forma a III-a

feel > [fi:l] felt > [felt] felt > [felt]
smell > [smell smelt > [smelt] smelt > [smelt]
Verbele invatate anterior pot fi urmate doar de adjective. Nu se folosesc

adverbe impreuna cu ele.
25
I feel very good today. > [ai fi:l veri gud tadei] - Ma simt foarte bine azi.
You look beautiful. > [iu: luk biu:tifal] - Arati minunat.
The dinner tastes great. > [DZa dina' teists greit] - Cina are un gust grozav.
This music sounds good. > [DZis miu:zik saundz gu:d] - Muzica aceasta suna bine.
Mary's flowers smell nice. > [meri:z t1aua'z smel nais] - Fiorile Mariei au un miros placut.
Verificati daca ati inteles cum se folosesc adverbele. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare:
Sotia mea tricoteaza minunat. > My wife knits beautifully.
Azi rna simt foarte trist. > I feel very sad today.
Ea arata foarte ciudat. > She looks very strange.
Acum trebuie sa mergem repede. > We must go fast now.
De ce lucrezi a~a de mult? > Why are you working so hard?
Cati bani cheltuie~ti pe saptamana? > How much money do you spend weekly?
Tatal meu merge intotdeauna foarte incet. > My father always walks very slowly.
Am cumparat asta foarte ieftin. > I have bought It very cheap/cheaply.
Ea scrie ciudat. > She writes strangely.
Mama mea conduce foarte bine. > My mother drives very well.
Putem face asta foarte u~or. > We can do it very easily.
Sa invatam alte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
to serve > [tu sa:'v] - a servi, a folosi
to wrap (up) > [tu rEp ap] - a impacheta
to deliver > [tu dIliva'] - a distribui, a livra
to stock > [tu stok] - a se aproviziona, a avea marfuri

in stoc
to support > [tu sapo:'t] - a sprijini, a sustine
insulated > [insiuleitid] - izolat
to let > [tu let] - a inchiria, a fi de inchiriat
for sale > [fo:' seil] - de vanzare
out of order > [aut av o:'da'] - stricat, defect
greasy > [gri:si] - unsuros, alunecos
26
Recititi cuvintele, intr-o alta ordine:
to support > [tu sapo:rt] - a sprijini, a sustine
to deliver > [tu diliva r] - a distribui, a livra
greasy > [gri:si] - unsuros, alunecos
to let > [tu let] - a inchiria, a fi de inchiriat
to stock > [tu stok] - a se aproviziona, a avea marfuri

pe stoc
to serve >[tu sa:rv] - a servi, a folosi
for sale > [to:' seil] - de vanzare
to wrap (up) >[tu rEp ap] - a impacheta
out of order > [aut av o:rda r] - stricat, defect
Is your house insulated? > [jz ia: r haus insillieitid] - Casa ta este izolata?
My sister's house is for sale. >[ mai sistii'z haus iz fa: r seiJ] - Casa surorii mele este de vanzare.
The fridge is out of order. >[DZa fridj iz aut av o:rda r] - Frigiderul este defect.
Don't use this plate. > [daunt iu:z DZis pleit - Nu folosi aceasta farfurie.
It is greasy. it iz gri:si] Este unsuroasa.
There are a few rooms > [DZea r a: r a fiu: ru:mz - Sunt cateva camere
to let. tll let] de inchiriat.
The shop-assistant > [DZa ~ap asisUmt - Vanzatorul ne va servi.

will serve us. Uil sa:rv as]
Can you wrap up >[kEn ill: rEp ap - Puteti impacheta

these books? D1n buks] aceste carti?
They will deliver the > [DZel uJ! dlliva r DZa - Ei vor livra dulapurile
cupboards in the evening. kabadz m DZl i:vnm(g)] de bucatarie deseara.
The trade-union supports > [DZa treld lu:man sapo:rts - Sindicatul sprijina
the labourers. DZa leibararz] muncitorii.
Completati urmataarele propozitii in limba engleza:
La ce ora vei livra acest frigider? - What time will you >deliver this fridge?
Casa noastra este izolata. - Our house is >insulated.
De cat timp nu functioneaza ma~ina? - How long has the car been >out of order?
Acesta unealta se folose~te la taierea lemnului. - This tool >serves to cut wood.
27
Ai mainile unsuroase. - You have >greasy hands.
Ne vei sustine la ~edinta? - Will you >support us at the meeting?
Acest avion este de Inchiriat? - Is this plane >to let?
Am avut asta pe stoc acum cinci ani. - We >stocked it two years ago.
Casa vecinilor no~tri este de vanzare. - Our neighbour's house is >for sale.
Vrei sa Impachetezi aceasta po~eta? - Do you want to >wrap up this handbag?
Verificati daca ati reu~it sa retineti cuvintele noi. Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte ~i
expresii:
izolat > insulated

a Impacheta > to wrap up
a tine/a avea marfuri pe stoc > to stock
defect > out of order
a livra > to deliver
unsuros > greasy
a servi > to serve
a Inchiria > to let
a sprijini > to support
de vanzare > for sale
Cititi urmatoarea propozitie In limba engleza:
I don't know where this book is. - Nu ~tiu unde este aceasta carte.
Propozi!ia subordonatii scnsa cu caractere ingro!fate se nume!jte intrebare indirecta!ji este introdusa
de un pronume mterogativ (where, who, when), dupa care urmeaza topica obi!jnuita a unei propozi!ii
ajirmative.
De exemplu:
Tell me when they WIll come. - Spune-mi cand vor veni.
Don't tell them where I have put my savings. - Nu Ie spune unde mi-am pus economiile.
Conform exemplelor prezentate anterior, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza:
~tii cat costa asta? > Do you know how much it is?
Spune-mi dind pot sa te vizitez. > Tell me when I can visit you.
Nu ~tiu cine serve~te aici. > I don't know who serves here.
Peter ne va spune care casa este de Inchiriat. > Peter will tell us which house is to let.
~tii ce fac copiii lui? > Do you know what his children are doing?
28
to mop > [tu mop] - a ~terge (pe jos)
to iron > [tu aian] - a calca (cu fierul)
to dust >[tudast] - a ~terge praful
to peel >[tupi:l] - a coji, a curata (legume, fructe)
to empty > [tu empti] - a goli, a descarca
to tum on > [tu ta:fn on] - a deschide, a da drumul, a aprinde

(lumina)
to tum off > [tu ta:fn of] - a opri, a stinge, a inchide
Sa introducem aceste verbe in propozitii:
I have already mopped > [ai hEv o:lredi mopt - Am ~ters deja pe jos.
the floor. DZa flo:']
Will you iron this shirt > lUi] iu: aian DZis ~a:'t - Vrei sa-mi calci cama~a
for me? fo:'mi:] asta?
We must dust the chairs. > lUi: mast dast DZa t~eafz] - Trebuie sa ~tergem praful
de pe scaune.
Peel the potatoes for dinner. > [pi:l DZa pateitouz fo:' dinaf] - Curata cartofii pentru cina!
Did you empty > [did iu: empti - Ai golit scrumierele?

the ash-trays? DZi E~treiz]
Turn on the TV set, please. > [tcl:'n on DZa ti: vi: set pli:z] - Da drumulla televizor, te rog.
You must turn off the tap. > [IU: mast ta:fn ofDza tEp] - Trebuie sa inchizi robinetul.
In timp ce calcam fusta, s-a intors - While I was >ironing the skirt my husband
sotul meu. returned.
Inainte de-a incepe sa mananc micul dejun, - Before I started to eat breakfast
am pomit aparatul de prajit paine. I >had turned on the toaster.
Inca mai cureti aceste legume? - Are you still >peeling these vegetables?
Golim co~ul de gunoi in fiecare dimineatlL - We >empty the rubbish-bin every morning.
Trebuie sa ~tergi praful de pe biblioteca tao - You must >dust your bookcase.
Mama, putem sa ~tergem pe jos - Mother, we can >mop the floor

in baie? in the bathroom?
Imi amintesc ca am oprit radioul inainte - I remember that I >had turned off the radio
de-a pleca. before I left.
29
Traduce1i cuvintele ~i expresiile in engleza:
a opn > to turn off
a ~terge pe jos > to mop
a calca (cu fierul) > to iron
a coji, a cura1a > to peel
a deschide > to turn on
a goli > to empty
a ~terge praful > to dust
Existen{a sau prezen{a, respectiv absen{a unei jiin{e sau a unui obiect se exprimii prin construc{ia
there is/there are.
Forma interogativii a acestei expresii se jormeazii prin inversarea ordinii subiectului gramatical
there ~i a verbului auxiliar:
There is a book on the table. Is there a book on the table? - Este a carte pe masa?
There are cars in Are there any cars in - Sunt ma~ini pe strada?
the street. the street?
There has been a meeting Has there been a meeting - A fast a ~edin1a aici?
here. here?
Aceastii expresie poate ji folositii la toate timpurile.
Fonnula1i intrebari pentru unnatoarele propozi1ii:
There were many bicycles in that shop. > Were there many bicycles in that shop?
There is a house for sale in London. > Is there a house for sale in London?
There will be sales in this supermarket. > Will there be sales in this supennarket?
Forma afirmatiwi se formeazii cu adverbul yes, subiectul gramatical there ~i verbul auxiliar. Pentru
forma negativiifolosim cuvantul de nega{ie no, cuvantul there, verbul auxiliar ~i adverbul not:
Is there coffee at home?
Yes, there is. > [les D'ear lZ] - Da, este.

No, there isn't. > [nau DZear iznt] ~ Nu, nu este.
Are there any mops here?
Yes, there are. > lies DZear a:'] - Da, sunt.

No, there aren't. > [nau DZear a:'nt] - Nu, nu sunt.
Will there be a meeting here?
Yes, there will. > [ies DZear Uil] - Da, va fi.

No, there won't. > [nauDZearUount] - Nu, nu va fi.
30
Formulati raspunsuri afirmative ~i negative la urmatoarele intrebari:
Have there been any accidents this month?

Yes, >there have. No, >there haven't.
Are there any cups in the cupboard?

Yes, >there are. No, >there aren'f.
Will there be any good films on TV today?

Yes, >there will. No, >there won't.
Have there been any labourers here?

Yes, >there have. No, >there haven't.
Va prezentam ultimul set de verbe noi din aceasta lectie:
to offer > [tu Ola'] -. a oferi
to permit > [tu pamit] - a permite
to allow >[tualau] - a permite, a da voie,

- a admite
to promise > [tu promis] - a promite
to refuse > [tu rifiu:z] - a refuza, a respinge
Urmantl foloslrea acestor verbe in propozitii:
He promised me a ne\\ car. > [hI. prol1w,t mi' a nlll: ka:'] - El mi-a promis 0 ma~ina noua.
Will they offer you > [-11 D"el or~l' 'u - Iti vor oferi 0 slujba
a better job? 3 bet:l' dwb ~ mai buna?
The managment refused > [0 ,: 1:1EmdJrnant nfiu:zd - Conducerea a refuzat sa-mi dea
to give me a raise. tl. ;1\ ill1: a relz] o marire de salariu.
Mother will not allow you > [m,ID-a' "11 not alau iu: - Mama nu-ti va da voie
to go to the cinema. tu gau tu DZa sinama] sa mergi la cinematograf.
Have they permItted:. ou > [hEv DZei pamitid iu: - Ti-au permis
to bring the dog'> tu brin(g) DZa dog] sa aduci ciiinele?
Completatl propozqiile urmatoare cu verbele corespunzatoare:
Nu-ti permit sa fumezi aici. - I don't> permit/allow you to smoke here.
Ea a refuzat sa rna ajute. - She > refused to help me.
Promite-mi ca te vei intoarce devreme. - > Promise me you will return early.
Pot sa-ti ofer doua apartamente. - I can> otfer you two apartments.
31
Traduceti verbele unnlitoare in limba engleza:
a oferi > to offer
a refuza > to refuse
a permite > to permit
a ingadui > to allow
a promite > to promise
Iar acum sa sintetizam materia din aceasta parte a lectiei intr-un exercitiu. Traduceti in limba engleza
urmatoarele propozitii:
Trebuie sa golim repede frigiderul. > We must empty the fridge fast.
Cand vor livra dulapurile? > What time will they deliver the cupboards?
Ea a spus asta foarte politicos. > She said this very politely.
Poti folosi aceasta galeata. > You can use this bucket.
Cat ca~tigi lunar? > How much do you earn monthly?
Aratati minunat impreuna. > You look beautiful together.
Spune-mi unde sunt aceste cratite. > Tell me where these saucepans are.
Poate cineva sa-mi calce bluza? > Can anybody iron my blouse?
Este paine acasa'J > Is there any bread at home?
EI a condus intotdeauna foarte bine ma~ina. > He has always driven the car very well.
32
LECTIA
Cititi cu atentie urmatorul dialog fiind atenti la pronuntie ~i intonatie. Cuvintele ~i silabele accentuate
sunt scrise ingro~at:
Peter: Mary, have you heard that a lot oflabourers don't like their jobs?
Mary: No, I haven't. And why don't they like their jobs?
Peter: They say their wages are too low and they must often apply for a raise.
Mary: Well, I have heard about that. But the management has refused their applications so far.
Hardly any employees like the management.
Peter: And the other problem is that there is unemployment in our surroundings. Even John has
hardly worked this summer. The trade-union wants to negotiate about the strike.
Mary: And all our employees are members of this trade-union. The management already knows
about it and wants to fire some of the employees. Do you know how many people they
want to fire')
Peter: No, I don ·t. I think there must be a few. But there are many unskilled workers and they
will not get a job.
John: I must give my thanks to your mother because she has helped me.
Barbara: How did she help you?
John: You know I wanted to buy a car after I had earned more money. But I was still short of
money and she gave me some.
Barbara: Today we must go to the supermarket to do some shopping. There are many things on my
shopping-list. Now you can return this money!
John: Why must we go to the supermarket all the time?
Barbara: Because the shop-assistants are very polite there and they stock almost everything. And
today they have sales there.
John: Good. today I'll take you to the supermarket in my new car.
Tom: Mary, today we have a lot of work to do.

Mary: I know. I must dust the tables, empty the rubbish-bin and iron my father's shirts.
Tom: And I must place the gas-cooker somewhere else, because it cannot stand next to the
fridge.
Mary: But you can't do it today. All of our electric tools are out of order.
Tom: I almost forgot about that. Then I'll go and buy a new electric oven to the kitchen.
Mary: But Tom, we must pay for it in cash and right now we are short of cash.
Tom: Then I will peel the vegetables for dinner.
33
Barbara: Now you can read it, but later I will turn on the radio and we can listen to some music.
Peter: But I want to read this book tonight. You know I read two books daily.
Barbara: What are the contents of that book?
Peter: The contents of this book are very important and useful for a secretary.
Barbara: Then I will also read that book.
Rezolvati urmatorul exercitiu care sintetizeaza intregul material al lectiei. Traduceti urmatoarele
propozitii in limba engleza:
Colegii mei nu vor aceasta greva. > My colleagues don't want this strike.
Ne vom intalni ca sa negociem > Will we meet to negotIate raises?

maririle de salarii?
Angajatii no~tri vor sa schimbe conducerea. > Our employees want to change
the management.
Inainte sa incepem lucrul, i-am a~teptat. > Before we started work we had waited
for them.
Dupa ce am scris 0 scrisoare, am cumparat > After I had written a letter I bought
doua timbre. two stamps.
Cred ca voi solicita 0 slujba mai buna > I think I will apply for a better job
~iun salariu mai mare. and higher wages.
Anul acesta ei vor sa cultive ovaz. > They want to grow oats this year.
Acum doi ani am locuit intr-o > Two years ago we lived in
zona minunata. beautiful surroundings.
Au marit deja salariile? > Have they already raised wages?
Toti clientii sunt satisfacuti de cumparaturile > All customers are satisfied with the shopping
din supermagazinul nostru. in our supermarket.
Nu uita sa iei lista de cumparaturi ~i saco~a. > Don't forget to take the shopping-list and
the shopping-bag.
Fac reduceri doar in perioada > Do they give discounts only during sales?
soldurilor?
Trebuie sa las caruciorulla casa? > Must I leave the trolley at the cash-desk?
El ca~tiga multi bani ~i cumpara numai > He earns a lot and buys only bargains.
la pret redus.
Nu am prieteni in acest ora~. > I haven't any friends in this town.

> I have no friends In thIS town.
Ei nu-~i fac aproape niciodata tema pentru acasa. > They hardly ever do homework.
Crezi ca acest dulap va fi util in bucatarie? > Do you think this cupboard will be useful
in the kitchen?
Aceasta ~tire este foarte importanta. > This news is very Important.
Cat costa aceasta bicicleta? > How much is thIS bycicle?
34
Aceasta poveste nu poate fi adevarata. > This story can't be true.
Ai ceva sa-mi spui? > Have you anything to tell me?
Unde sunt prosoapele? > Where are the towels?
Inainte sa mergem la Mary noi am ~ters > Before we went to Mary we had mopped
pe jos. the floors.
El merge foarte ciudat. > He walks very strangely.
Televizorul nu functioneaza. > The TV set is out of order.
\Tanzatorul tocmai imi impacheteaza > The shop-asslstant is Just wrapping up

cumparatunle. my shoppmg
Intreaba-l cand inchide magazinul. > Ask hIm \\ hen he shuts the shop.
~terge praful de pe mese ~i calca aceste haine. > Dust the tables and Iron these clothes.
Poti sa opre~ti radioul? >Can you tum off the radIO')
Sunt ni~te carti aici? > Are there any books here?
"Don't forget to take the shopping-list and the shopping-bag."
In incheiere, va propunem un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele de la inceputul coloanelor ~i cele scrise

accentuat indica acela~i sunet:
[i:] [a] [ai] [ei]
peel dust iron sale
seen bucket tile make
leave but wide late
green sun drive date
35
, 18
18.1. Adverbe
18.1.1. Majoritatea adverbelor se fonneaza din adjective, prin adaugarea tenninatiei ,,-ly":
beautiful - minunat beautifully - minunat

In mod similar se fonneaza adverbe ~i din substantivele care exprima timpul:
month -luna monthly - lunar, in fiecare luna
week - saptamana weekly - saptamanal, in fiecare
saptamana
da~ - Zl daily - zilnic, in fiecare zi
Retineti ca in cuvantul "daily", litera y s-a schimbat in i.
Aceea~i schimbare se petrece ~i in cazul in care litera -y este precedata de 0 consoana:
- u~or easily -u~or
18.1.2. In limba engleza adverbul corespunzator adjectivului "bun" este "well". Retineti:
comparativul ~i superlativul lui "well" sunt identice cu fonnele corespunzatoare
ale adjectivului "good":
well - bine better - mai bine the best - cel mai bme
18.1 .3. In limba engleza, la fel ca in limba romana, mai multe adverbe au fonna identica cu
adjectivele corespunzatoare:
late - tarziu, cu intarziere

cheap - ieftin
wide -larg
fast - repede, iute
high - inalt, sus
long - lung, indelungat
hard - tare, dur
early - timpuriu, devreme
In cazul adverbelor "cheap" ~i "wide" se fo1ose~te ~i terminatia ,,-ly": "cheaply,
widely".
18.1.4. Alaturi de unele verbe pot sta doar adjective, nu adverbe:
to look - a arata, a parea sa fie

to feel - a se simti, a simti, a avea 0 senzatie sau
un sentiment
to smell - a mirosi, a avea un miros
to taste - a gusta, a avea un anumit gust
to sound - a suna, a rasuna
36
18.2. Intrebari indirecte
I don't know where this book is. - Nu ~tiu unde este aceasta carte.
Propozitia subordonata este introdusa de un pronume interogativ (where, who, what etc.),
dupa care urmeaza 0 propozitie cu structura afirmativa:
Don't tell them where I have - Nu Ie spune unde

put my savings. mi-am pus economiile.
18.3. "There is/there are"
18.3.1. Interogativul
Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subiectului gramatical "there" ~i a

verbului auxiliar:
There is a book on Is there a book on - Este 0 carte pe masa?

the table. the table?
18.3.2. Raspunsul afirmativ se formeaza cu adverbul "yes", subiectul gramatical "there" ~i

verbul auxiliar. Negatia se compune din cuvantul "no", subiectul gramatical "there",
verbul auxiliar ~i cuvantul "not":
Is there coffee at home? Yes, there is. - Da, este.
No, there isn't. - Nu, nu este.
Aceasta structura poate fi folosita la toate timpurile.
37
A. Traduce!i urmatoarele propozi!ii in limba romana:
1. They haven't delivered the sink and tap so far.
2. Are there any mops to mop the floors?
3. I don't know where they will stock the cupboards.
4. At the moment he is working hard.
5. She had looked beautiful before she cut her hair.
6. My mother is satisfied with the new toaster.
I. Aceasta suna minunat, dar nu ~tiu cand putem merge acolo.
2. Sunt apartamente de inchiriat in aceasta cladire?
3. £1 a spus asta foarte trist.
4. Ne vei sprijini in timpul negocierilor?
5. Muzica a sunat foarte bine, dar textul nu a fost interesant.
6. Este cineva aici?
I. I didn't feel very well yesterday.
2. There aren't any money in my purse.
3. I know he works very hardly.
4. Can you tell me what time must we be at school tomorrow?
5. There isn't no restaurant in our surroundings.
6. He usually eats one meal dayly.
38
Verbele neregulate din lectiile 17 ~i 18
feel > [fil] felt > [felt] felt > [felt]
smell > [smel] smelt > [smelt] smelt > [smelt]
39
, 17 SI
, 18
after > [a:fti'F] - dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce,

ulterior
to allow > [tu alau] - a permite, a da voie, a admite
any > [eni] - orice, oricare
anybody > [enibadi] - oricine, oricare, cineva
anything > [eniTSini g)] - orice, ceva
anywhere > [eniUea r] - oriunde, undeva
to apply for > [tu aplai fa: r ] - a se adresa pentru, a cere, a solicita
application > [ Eplikei~an] - cerere, solicitare
bargain > [ba:rgin] - vanzare la pret favorabil, chilipir,

afacere
before > [bifo: r] - i'nainte (de), i'naintea, dinaintea
cash > [kE~] - bani gheatii, bani In numerar
cash-desk > [kE~ desk] - casa (i'ntr-un magazin)
cupboard > [kabad] - dulap de bucatane
customer > [kastama r] - cumparator, client
to deliver > [tu diliva r] - a distribui, a livra
discount > [diskaunt] - reducere (de preturi)
to dust > [tu dast] - a ~terge praful
to earn > [tu a:rn] - a ca~tiga bani (prin munca)
employee > [emplaii:] - angajat, salariat
to empty > [tu empti] - a goli, a descarca
even > [i:vn] - chiar, pana ~i, nici macar
to feel > [tLl fi:l] - a simti, a se simti
to fire > [tLl faia r] - a concedia
40
for sale >[fo:Tseil] - de vanzare
gas-cooker > [gEs kuka r] - aragaz
greasy > [gri:si] - unsuros, gras
hard >[ha:Td] - tare, dur, greu
hardly > [ha:Tdli] - abia, mai deloc, prea putin
hardly any > [ha:Tdli eni] - abia, putin/un pic
hardly ever > [ha:Tdli eva T] - foarte rar, aproape niciodata,

nu prea
How much is ... >[hau mat~ iz] - Cat costa...
important > [impo:Ttant] - important, semnificativ
to iron >[tu aian] - a calca (cu fierul)
job >[djob] - loc de munca, serviciu
labourer > [leibaraT] - muncitor
to let >[tu let] - a inchiria, de inchiriat
to look >[tu luk] - a parea, a arata, a avea aerul
member >[memba T] - membru
mop >[mop] - carpa de ~ters pe jos
to mop >[tu mop] - a ~terge pe jos
to negotiate > [tu nigau~ieit] - a negocia, a duce tratative
nowhere > [noUueaT] - nicaieri, niciunde
oats > [outs] - ovaz
to offer > [tu ofa r] - a oferi, a acorda
out of order > [aut ov o:rda T] - stricat, defect
oven >[om] - cuptor
to peel >[tu pi:!] - a coji, a curata (Iegume/fructe)
to permit > [tu pamit] - a permite
proceeds > [prousi:dz] - ca~tig (dintr-o activitale)
41
to promise > [tu promis] - a promite
raise > [reiz] - sporire, marire
to raise > [tu reiz] - a spori, a mari
receipt > [risi:t] - chitanta, nota de plata
to refuse > [tu rifiu:z] - a refuza, a respinge
riches > [rit~iz ] - avere, bogatie
rubbish-bin > [rabi~ bin] - co~ de gunoi
sales > [seilz] - reduceri, vanzarea soldurilor
satisfied (with) > [sEtisfaid] - satisIacut, multumit (de)
savmgs > [sezvin(g)z] - economii (bani)
to serve > [tu sa:rv] - a servi, a fi folosit
shop-assistant > [~op asistant] - vanzator, vanzatoare
shopping-bag > [~opin(g) bEg] - saco~a sau punga de cumparaturi
shopping-list > [~opin(g) list] - !ista de cumparaturi
short of (something) > [~o:rt av] - lipsa de (ceva)
to smell > [tu smel] - a mirosi, a avea miros
somebody > [sambadi] - cineva
somewhere > [samUea r] - undeva
to sound > [tu saund] - a suna, a rasuna
to stock > [tu stok] - a aproviziona, a tine/a avea

marfuri pe stoc
supermarket > [su:parma:rkit] - supermarket
to support > [tu sapo:rt] - a sprijini, a sustine
surroundings > [saraundintg)z] - imprejurimi, vecinatate
to taste > [tu teist] - a gusta, a avea gust (de)
42
thanks > [TSEn(g)ks] - multumiri, recuno~tinta
tile > [tail] - faiantalteracota
trolley > [troli] - carucior (intr-un supermarket)
true > [tru:] - adevarat
to tum off > [tu ta:rn of] - a opri, a stinge, a inchide
to tum on > [tu ta:1n on] - a deschide, ada drumul, a aprinde

(lumina etc.)
unemployement > [animploimant] - ~omaj
useful > [iu:stal] - folositor, util
well > [Uel] - bine
to wrap up > [tu rEp ap] - a impacheta
43
RECAPITULARE
1. Propozitiile interogative introduse prin pronumele interogativ "who" au intotdeauna structura

unei propozitii afirmative, iar verbul este la persoana a III-a singular.
Who saw you? - Cine te-a vazut?
Who wants the book? - Cine vrea cartea?
2. Numeralele ordinale:
the first - primul, prima, intaiul, intaia
the second - al doilea, a doua
the third - al treilea, a treia
the fourth - al patrulea, a patra

LECTIA
, 19 - PARTEA INTAI
In aceasta parte a lectiei yom invata cuvinte legate de starea vremii.

Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i tlti atenti la intelesul lor in limba romana:
gale > [geil] vant putemic, vijelie
hail > [heil] grindina
shower > haua '] aversa, ploaie torenti-

ala
ice > rais] gheata
shade > heid] umbra, nuanta
dew > [diu:] roua

r
thunderstorm > [T'anda sto: '111 J - fmtuna cu traznete,
vijelie
umbrella > [ambrela] umbrela
road > [roud] drum, ~osea
hurricane > [harikan] uragan
thaw > [T'o: ] dezghet, topire
sunny spells > [sani spelz] vreme insorita
Cititi din nou cuvintele, dar in alta ordine:
thaw > [TSo:] dezghet, topire
shade > [~eid] umbra, nuanta
hail > [heil] grindina
sunny spells > [sani spelz] - vreme insorita
road > [roud] drum, ~osea
thunderstorm > [T'andarsto:rm] furtuna cu traznete
ice > [ais] gheata
gale > [gcil ] vant putemic, vijelie
hurricane > [harikanl - uragan
dew > [diu:] roua
shower > I~auar] aversa, ploaie torenti-

ala
-2-
lata cuvintele noi In propozitii:
There were a lot of gales > l D"ea' "a :' a lot ov geilz - Au fost multe vijelii
in January. in djEniLlari] In ianuarie.
There was some hail > [ Dlea' "az sam heil - Azi dimineata a fost
this morning. DZis mo:'nin lgl ] grindina.
There is ice on the water. > [Dlea' iz ais on Dla "o:ta'] - Este gheata pe apa.
Can you see the dew > l kEn iu: si: DLa diu: - Poti sa vezi roua
on the grass? on DZa gra:s] pe iarba?
There are no thunderstorms > [Dlea' a:' nau Pand~l'sto:'mz - In aceste locuri nu sunt
in these surroundings. in D'i:z saraundin(g)z] furtuni cu traznete.
Don't forget your umbrella! > l daunt forget io:' ambrela] - Nu-ti uita umbrela!
This road is too narrow > [Dlis raud iz tLl: nErau - Acest drum este prea Ingust
for a van. fo:' a YEn] pentru 0 furgoneta.
Hurricanes bring a lot of > [harikanz brin(g) a lot av - Uraganele aduc multa
ram. rein] ploaie.
The thaw will start >[DZa Po: "il sta:'t - Dezghetul va Incepe
next month. nekst man T'] luna viitoare.
The shade is long > [D1a ~cid iz !on(g) - E multa umbra

in the afternoon. in D"i a: fta'nu:n] dupa amiaza.
There will be a shower > [D"e[l' "il bi: a ~aua' - Dimineata va fi aversa.
in the morning. in D"a mo:'nin lg )]
Sunny spells don't often > [sani spclz daunt oti1 - Toamna nu este des
happen in autumn. hEpn in o:t~lm] vreme Insorita.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare. Folositi filtrul ro~u:
Nu-mi place dezghetul. - I don't like >the thaw.
Ti-ai cumparat deja 0 umbrela noua? - Have you already bought a new >umbrella?
A fost 0 nuanta de zambet pe fata lui. - There was a >Shade of smile on his face.
In aceasta primavara nu va fi grindina. - There won't be any >hail this spring.
Ultima zi Insorita a fast in urma cu 0 luna. - The last >sunny spell was a month ago.
Trebuie s-o luam pe acest drum. - We must take this >road.
Vara imi plac furtunile cu trasnete. - 1 love >thunderstorms in summer.
Este multa gheata pe rau. - There is a lot of >ice on the river.
Chiar vrei sa ie~i pe acest vant puternic? - Do you really want to go out in this >gale?
Uraganul este In apropierea Americii. - The >hurricane is near America.
Dimineata este Intotdeauna roua pe iarba. - There is always >dcw on the grass
in the morning.
Cred ca maine vor fi averse. - I think there will be >Showers tomorrow.
3
Traduceti propozqllle urmiHoare in Innba engleza.
lIm plac toate nuantele de verde. > I like all shades of green.
Acest drum este cel mal bun. > ThIs road IS the best.
Luna aceasta au fost multe vlJelIi. > ThIs month there have been
many thundel storms.
Nu-ml plac aversele. > I don't like showers.
Pune-tl pantofil! Este roua pe iarba. > Put on your shoes! There IS dew on the grass.
Cand este dezghet, strazile sunt ude. > When there IS thaw, the streets are wet.
Pot sa Iau umbreJa ta? > Can I take your umbrella?
NO! am pierdut totul in tlmpul uraganului. > \Ve lost everythmg m the hurncane.
Intr-adevar itl place cealUl rece cu gheata? > 00 you Ieally like Ice-tea?
Sper ca aZI va fi vreme insonta. > I hope there wIll be sunny spells today.
leri a fost ploale ~I gnndma. > Yestelday we had ram and haIl.
lama sunt des vantun putemlce. > [here are often gales In WInter.
Primavara va SOSI dupa ultImul dezghet. > SPI mg \\ III come after the last thaw.
In aceasta Jeetle ne vom ocupa de 0 problema nnportanta a gramatIcn engleze, modul conditional.
Propozltla condltlOnala este de trel tipun. lata primul tip.
Tipul intii (1. Conditional) ~e refera la vuto/: indepl//urea cond/tiei, respect/v realtzarea activitiiru
\'l/toare, este poslhila.
lata cateva exemple.
If you return thIS book > [IfILl IIta.'n O/IS buk - Oaca inapoiezI aceasta carte,
you will get another III till gct ana0 7 a'] vel prum alta.
If she leaves too late, > [If ~l iI. vz tu lclt - Oaca ea pJeaca prea tarziu,
she will be late for her bus. r
Sl ull bl. IClt fo. r ha· bas] va plerde autobuzul.
The weather will be nice If > LOla L1 e D l a' L111 bl n,IlS If - Vremea va fi placuta, daca
the temperatlll e Isn't lower. D/a tcmp[Jt~ar iznt loua'] temperatura nu va fi mai scazutii.
Deslgllr arl oh.\ervat cum se utllt:.ea:.a if [If] (inseal11na' daca, presllpunimd ca) in propozitil.
Rerl/lerl ca in propo:.ltia condltlOllala (care este Illtrodll~a pnn if) se foloseste tl/npul prezent
simplu (SImple Present), far ill propo:'lrfa prinClpala ~e IItlltzeaza vlitorul Sllllplu (Sllnple Future).
4
Completati propozitiile unnatoare cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Daca ploua nu vom merge 1a plimbare. - If it > ramswe won't go for a walk.
Nu vei fi un medic bun, daca - You won't be a good doctor if

nu inveti. you> don't learn.
Oaca maine e gel', vom ramane - If there > IS frost tomorrow, we will stay
acasa. at home.
Daca nll-~i ia umbrela, ea se va intoarce - If she> doesn't take her umbrella

acasa uda. she will return home wet.
lar acum sa invatam cateva adjective noi. Cititi cllvintele cu voce tare ~i retineti corespondentullor
in limba romana:
slippery > [slipall] - alunecos
severe > [sl\ia'] - sever, aspru, cumplit
changeable > [t~cindjabl] - schimbator
dense > [dens] - dens, compact
oppressIve > [opresiv] - apasator, inabu~itor
dangerous > [dcmdjaras] -periculos
Sa exersam acelea~i cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:
changeable > [t;;emdlabl] - schimbator
oppressive > [OpICSIV] - apasator, inabu~itor
slippery > [slipan] - alunecos
severe > [slviarJ - sever, aspru, cumplit
dangerous > [dcmdjaras] -periculos
Cititi cu voce tare unnatorlll dialog scurt in care apar ~i cuvintele noi:
A: Do you like the weather today?

B: No, it's awful. In the morning the fog was so dense that I didn't see my car.
A: Yes, and the streets were slippery. It was dangerous. I think this winter will be severe.
B: I am not sure. The weather is always changeable in November. And it's better than the
oppressive heat in summer.
lata propozitiile din text ~i traducerea lor in limba romana:
Do you like the weather > [dll iu. lalk [Ya lIefYa' - iti place azi vremea?
today? ladc!]
No, it's awfuL. > [lldll lis II IlJ - Nu, este groaznica.
5
In the morning the fog was > [111 D\l mo:'nin(g) D/a Dimineata ceata a fost atat
so dense that I didn't see my l'og U oz sou d ens DIE~t al. de deasa, incat nu mi-am
car. didnt si: mai ka: ]
r vazut ma~ina.
Yes, and the streets were > [/\:s End D/a stri:ts ua:r Da, ~i strazile au fost
slippery. sliparil alunecoase.
It was dangerous. > !it uoz deindjaras] A fost periculos.

I think this winter will be > [ai r'in(g)k D/IS uintar IIi] Cred ca aceasta iarna va fi
severe. bi: sidi/] aspra.
I am not sure. > [ai Em not ;;ua'] Nu sunt sigur.

The weather is always > [D/a ueD/al IZ o:luelz In noiembrie vremea este
changeable in November. t;;eindjabl In nouvemb[\I] intotdeauna schimbatoare.
r
And it's better than the > [End its beta D/En D/a Si este mai bine decat
oppressive heat in summer. opresiv 11I.t in sal1la') caldura inabu~itoare vara.
Desigur ati memorat deja cuvintele noi. Completati unnatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele cores-
punzatoare:
S-a depus un ger cumplit. > Sevel e frost has set in.
In Romania avem 0 vreme schimbatoare. We have> changeable weather in
Romania.
Este un trafic intens pe strazi. There is > dense traffic in the streets.
Drumul a fost alunecos a~a ca noi am mers The road was> "lIppery so we went on
pe jos. foot.
Aceste animaIe pot fi periculoase. These animals can be > dangerous.
Vara aceasta a fost 0 caldura inabu~itoare. This summer there has been> oppressIve
heat.
"Severe frost has set in."
-6-
Traducetl in hmba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte. Folosltl filtrul ro~u:
schimbator > Lhangeable
dens > dense
alunecos > slippery
sever > scvere
inabu~itor > oppressive
periculos > dangcrous
Numeralele ordinale invatate pana acum sunt:
the first - primul, prima, intaiul, intaia
the second - al doilea, a doua
the third - al trellea, a treia
the fourth - al patrulea, a patra
Celelalte numerale ord/llale se formeazii prin adiiugarea ternlll1a!iel -th la l1umeralele cardinale:
SlX sixth > [siksT']
seven seventh > [sevnT S ]
Ortografia IIIlOra dintre numerale ordinale se schil11bii prin adiiugarea terl11ina!iei -th:
five fifth > [fifP]
twelve twelfth > [tUclfP]
in ca::ul ill care Ilumeralele se terl11inii in -y, acesta se preschimbii in -ie, la adiiugarea terl11ina!iei -th:
twenty twentieth > [t"entlaT']
in cazul numeralelor urdlllale compuse - ca de exemplu "al douii::eci ,~i unulea, al dOllea, al
trezlea ", in englezii folosim cuvintele first, second, third, etc.:
al douazeci ~I unulea - the twenty- first > [t"entl fa:rst]
al trelzeci ~i doilea - the thirty-second > [T'a:rti sekand]
~aizeci ~i treilea - the sixty-third > [sikstl T'a 'd]
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
A fost a zecea noastra zi de lucru. > It was our tenth day of work.
Aceasta carte este pe al douazeci ~i ~aselea > ThiS book IS on the twenty-sixth
raft la dreapta. shelf on the nght.
Al patruzeci ~I ~aptelea profesor tocmai > The 1"01 ty-se\ enth tcacher has Just
a solicitat sluJba. dppllcd for the lob.
7
Daca numeralele sunt sCl'ise cu cifi-e, atunci c!frelor Ii se adauga ultimele doua litere ale for-
mei serise eu litere:
first 1st
second 2nd
third 3rd
twenty-fifth 25th
Acum sa Invatam ~ase verbe noi:
to need > [tll nl:dl a avea nevoie de, a trebui
to freeze > [tll fri:z] a Ingheta, a degera
to melt > [tll melt] a topi, a se topi
to drizzle > [tLl dtizl] a bumita

to drop > [tu drop] a picura, a ciidea, a scapa
to set in > [tLl set in] a Incepe, a se instala
Sa exersam acela~i verbe Intr-o alta ordine:
to drop > [tLl drop] a picura, a cadea, a scapa
to melt > [tLl melt I a topi, a se topi
to set in > [tLl set in] a Incepe, a se instala

to need > [lLl nut] a avea nevoie de, a trebui
to drizzle > ItLl drizl] a bumita
to freeze > [tLl fri:z] a Ingheta, a degera
Dintre verbele de mai sus, doua sunt neregulate. lata formele lor:
forma a I-a forma a II-a forma a III-a

freeze > I !tTZ] froze > [fIOUZ] frozen > [frollll1]
set in > [set mJ set in > [set Ill] set in > [set 111]
Sa folosim aceste verbe In propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i urmariti traducerea In limba
romana:
He has always needed our > [hi' hEz o:llle/z l1i:did El a avut Intotdeauna
help. aua help]
l nevoie de ajutorul nostru.
The water has frozen. Apa a Inghetat.
The thaw will set in next > [O/a T'o: lid set 111 nekst - Dezghetul va Incepe luna
month. manT'] viitoare.
The ice has already melted. > [D/i alS hEz o'lredi - Gheata s-a topit deja.
meltid]
-8-
We won't go to town if it > l"i: "ount gau tu taun if it - Nu vom merge in ora~ daca
drizzles tomorrow. drizlz tamorau] va burnita maine.
Don't drop this magazine > [daunt drop D/is mEgazi:n - Nu scapa pe podea
on the floor. on DZ~\ flo:'] aceasta revista.
In exercitiul urmator completati urmatoarele propozitii cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor:
A cazut ceva de pe masa. - Something has >dropped from the table.
Gheata se va topi primavara. - Ice will >melt in spring.
Trebuie sa congelam ni~te mancare. - We must >freeze some food.
Ai nevoie azi de )na~ina? - Do you >need the car today?
Daca incepe un inghet aspru, vom parasi - If severe frost >sets in we will leave
acest ora~. this town.
A bumitat ieri toata ziua. - It >drizzled all day yesterday.
Desigur v-ati insu~it deja verbele noi. Traduceti in limba romana:
a ingheta > to freeze
a avea nevoie de > to need
a se topi > to melt
a se instala, a incepe > to set in
a burnita > to drizzle
a scapa > to drop
Cititi cu atentie propozitiile:
They make cars in this factory. - Ei fac ma~ini in aceasta fabrica.
Cars are made in this factory. - In aceasta fabrica se fac ma~ini.
Ati sesizat deosebirea?
Propozi{ia a doua este la diateza pasiva (Passive Voice [pa: siv vois)), care se folose,~te atunci ciind
subiectul este obiectul care suferd ac{iunea iar autorul ac{iunii este exprimat printr-ul1 complement.
Diateza pasiva se compune din forma corespunzatoare a verbului to be ~i forma a III-a a verbului
principal.
9
lata dHeva exemple:
The hammer was found in > [Dza hEmal' lI oz faund in - Ciocanul a fast gasit in
the shed. DZa ~edj ~ura.
The floor in the kitchen will > lD\\ flo:1' in D/a kil~an Podeua din bucatarie va fi
be mopped tomorrow. lIj] bi: mopt tamorouj spalata maine.
Unneaza un exercitiu u~or. Transfonnati propozitiile din diateza activa in diateza pasiva. Com-
pletati propozitiile:
She emptied the basket. The basket> was emptied.
She has ironed her son's shirts. Her son's shirts> have been ironed.
We will negotiate a raise tomorrow. A raise> will be negotiated tomorrow.
They deliver newspapers every day. Newspapers> are delivered every day.
!/~~~~ser~~t,~~~;:~~~~;~~~I~~entuI~~:~~~;~pozitieila di~teza I
I activa devine subiectul propozitiei la diateza pasiva. I
l -._-_._- ._ ... _._- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ . - .. _---_ .._-_. __. _ - - - - - - - - - - . - /.
Sa recapitulam materialul acestei parti a lectiei. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba

engleza:
Am uitat sa iau umbrela. > I have forgotten to take the umbrella.
Am avut doar cil.teva furtuni cu trasnete > We have had only a few thunderstonTIs
vara aceasta. this summer.
Acest drum a fost construit in urma cu doi > This road was buill two y ~ars ago.
am.
Al doisprezecelea politist a sosit prea tarziu. > The twelfth policeman caine too late.
Daca nu lucrezi nu vei avea bani. > If you don't work you will not have
money.
Toate scrisorile au fost trimise deja. > All letters have already b,:en sent.
Iivom vizita pe John ~i pe Mary dad nu > We ""ill visit John and Mary if it doesn't
ploua marunt. drizzle.
Puloverul meu a fost cro~etat. > My sweater has been knitted.
Daca ceata este deasa, nu vom vedea nimic. > If the fog is dense, we witl see nothing.
Drumurile alunecoase sunt foarte pericu- > Slippery roads are very ch,ngerous.
loase.
Am nevoie de 0 multime de haine noi. > I need a 101 of new clothes.
Acesta este al cincizecilea angajat al nostru. > This is our fiftielh employee.
- 10-
LECTIA
, 19 - PARTEA A DaDA
Furtunile ;;i ploile din prima parte a lectiei ne-au Iacut sa ne gfmdim la
caminul nostru confortabil. Sa intram in donnitor:
double bed > [dabl bed] - pat dublu
sheet > [~i:t] - cear;;af
blanket > [hIEn{g)kit] - piltura
pillow > [pilou] - perna
bedspread > [bedspredj - cuvertura de pat
alarm clock > [ala:1m klok I - ceas de;;teptiitor
sheets > [~i:tsl - cear;;afuri, foi de har-
tie
wardrobe > C'o:'droub] - garderoba, ;;ifonier,
dulap de haine
rug > [rag] - covora;;, carpeta
dressing-gown > [dresin(g) gaun] - halat, capot
single bed > [sing I bed] - pat de 0 persoana
dream > [dri:lll] - vis
nightmare > [naitmefl'] - co;;mar
Repetati cuvintele ;;i in aWi ordine. Exersati pronuntia ;;i retineti sensul
lor in limba romfma:
rug > [rag] - covora;;, carpeta
dream > [dri:m] - vis
bedspread > [bedspredl - cuvertura de pat
double bed > [dabl bed] - pat dublu
pillow > [pilau] - perna
nightmare > [naitmcf{] - co;;mar
blanket > [bIEnlg)kitj - patura
wardrobe > [uo:rdroub] - garderoba, ;;ifonier,
dulap de haine
alarm clock > [ala:rm klakj - ceas de;;teptator
sheet > r~i:t] - cear;;af
dressing-gown > ldresin(g) gaun] - halat
single bed > [singl bed] - pat de 0 persoana
sheets > [;;i:tsJ - cear;;afuri, foi de har-
tie
- 11 -
Sa citim cu voce tare dialogul, in care am folosit ~i cuvintele noi:
A: What do you want to have in our bedroom?

B: We must have one double bed or two single beds.
A: I think we can have a wardrobe in the corner of the room.
B: Yes, and two small rugs near the bed. I want to buy many new
things. I am thinking about new dressing-gowns, new pillows
and blankets.
A: ... new sheets and a large bedspread. Can we afford it?
B: I hope we can. We can also buy a new electric alarm clock.
They are very good.
A: Will we buy new, nice dreams too?
B: I think that after we buy all the new things we can afford only
nightmares. They are cheaper.
Sa analizam acum separat fiecare propozitie. Cititi propozitiile ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
What do you want to have in> [u ot du iu: uont tu hEv in - Ce vrei sa avem in noul
our new bedroom? aLla' nlU: bedrumJ nostru donnitor?
We must have one double > lUi: mast hEv lI an dabl Trebuie sa avem un pat
bed or two single beds. bed 0:
1
tu: sing] bedz] dublu sau doua paturi
simple.
I think we can have a big > [al T\n(1!)k ui: kEn hEv a Cred ca putem avea un
wardrobe in the comer of the · 1I o. I'd rou b'111 D Z a-
b Ig ~ifonier mare in coltul
room. ko:1n[\1 ov DZa ru:m] camerei.
Yes, and two small rugs near> I ics End tLl smo.l ragz Da, ~i doua covora~e mici
the bed. nia' D\\ hed] langa pat.
I want to buy many new > [ai uont tLl bai me111 nlU: Vreau sa cumpar multe
things. T'intg)z] 1ucruri noi.
I am thinking about new > [ai Em T'in l 1!)kin(g) abaut Ma gandesc la ha1ate noi,
dressing-gowns, pillows and nlLl: dresin(g) gaunz peme ~i paturi.
blankets. piloLlz End blEn(g)kits]
... new sheets and a large > [n/Ll. :;;i:t<: End a la:l'dj ... cear~afuri noi ~i 0
bedspread. bedspred] cuvertura de pat mare.
Can we afford it? > [kFn ul. fIfo t d it] Ne putem pennite asta?
I hope we can. > [<Ii hOLlp u1: kEnJ Sper ci'i putem.
We can also buy a new > [ul: kEn olsou bal a niu: Putem deasemenea
electric alann clock. ilektnk rda:1m klok] cumpara ~i un ceas
de~teptator electric nou.
They are very good. Sunt foarte bune.
Will we buy new, nIce > [till ul. bal niLl. l1alS Vom cumpara ~i vise noi,
dreams too? dl! mz tu'] placute?
- 12-
l
I think that after we buy all > [ai T'm()2Jk D/Et a:fta Cred ca dupa ee
the new things we can afford lIj: hal 0:1 D/fl nllJ: cumparam toate luerurile
only nightmares. T'in()2)z IIi. k1:11 Mold noi, ne yom putea permite
doar co~maruri.
ounli na/tml.:fllzj
1
They are cheaper. > !D\:i a: t"i.pfl'l - Sunt mai ieftine.
Acum folositi noile cuvinte. Introduceti-Ie in unnatoarele propozitii:
Ei au aiei eamere eu paturi duble. - They have rooms with> double bed"
here.
Trebuie sa-i cumpar nevestei mele un halat I must buy my wife a new> dressIng
Putem sa-ti dam doar paturi ~i peme. We can only give you> blankets and
> pillows.
Cit costa acest ceas de~teptator. How much is this> alarm clock?
Ai vazut cear~afurile verzi in magazin? Did you see the green> sheets in the
shop?
Vom lua un pat simplu pentru fiica noastra. We'll take one> single bed for our
daughter.
Ce culoare au covora~ele tale? What colour are your > r~lgs?
Cuvertura de pat trebuie sa fie alba. The> bedspread must be white.
Vom face un ~ifonier ~i-I yom a~eza in colt. We'll make a > \\ardrobc and put it in
the corner.
Visezi des noaptea? Do you often have> dreams at night?
Ultimele zile au fost un co~mar pentm mine. The last days were a > nightmare for me.
L ~ P'.. ~~ ~ . _
"I must buy my wife a new dressing-gown".
- 13 -
Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte: J
vis > dream
patura > blanket
halat, capot > dress109-gown
perna > pillow
ceas dqteptator > alarm clock
covora~ > lUg
cear~af > sheet
cear~afuri, foi de hartie > sheets
cuvertura de pat > bedspread
co~mar > nIghtmare
garderoba > \\ ardrobe
pat dublu > double bed
pat de 0 persoana > smgle bed
Datele se scnu ill fe/ul urmiitor:
on the 21 st of October - pe 21 octombrie
The bed will be delivered on > [LYa bed l'll bl. dlliva'd on - Patul va fi livrat la
the 15th of November. [)fa ld'ti.nPav nou\cmb,I'] 15 noiembrie.
This letter was written > [[YIS leta' "az I iln on - Aceasta scrisoare a fost scrisa
on 31 st July. DZa Pa"11 fa ' s t ,1\ dlul:lI] pe 31 iulie.
Sa Inva!am cateva verbe noi:
to kill > [tll kll] - a omori, a ucide
to drown > [tll thalln] - a Ineca, a se Ineca
to wreck > [Iulck] - a sfarama, a distruge, a avaria
to bum > [Iu barn] - a arde, a prajI, a fi aprins
Unul dmtre verbe este neregulat:
forma I forma a II-a fonna a lll-a
burn > [bel 'n] burnt burnt > [ba 'nl]
14
lata cum se folosesc verbele in Propoziiii:
He killed seven people. > [hi: kild SC\ n pi:pl] EI a ucis ~apte oameni.
That man has drowned his > rOZEt mEn h Lz draund Omul acela ~i-a inecat
dog. hi? dog] diinele.
r
Don't wreck my car! > [dount rek mai ka: J Nu-mi distruge ma~ina!
Wood bums easily. > [li u d b": . T1J

a: nz 1:71 Lemnul arde bine.
La diateza pasiva aceste verbe noi au alta semnificatie:
to be killed > [tu bl. kild] - a-;;i pierde viata, (a fi

ucis), a ciidea (de ex. in
razboi)
to be drowned > [tu bi: draundJ a se ineca
to be wrecked > [tu bi: rektJ a se distruge, a suferi un

naufragiu, a se avaria
r
to be burnt down > [tu bi: ba: nt daun] a arde pana in temelii
to be blown down > [t u bi. bloun daunj a dobor!, a rastuma
to be blown out > [tu bi: bioun aut [ a sufla, a stinge prin
suflare
Urmeaza cateva exemple:
- In acest accident ~i-au

1
Fifty-two people were killed > [fifJi tu: pi:pl l'U: kild in
in this accident. DZis Eksldant! pierdut viata cincizeci~idoi
de oameni.
You will be drowned if they > [iu. llJ! bi: draund if [)zci Te vei ineca daca ei nu te
don't teach you to swim. dount t1·t~ Ill: tu sllim] invata sa inoti.
The plane was wrecked in a > [Dza plein lI O ? rekt in a Avionul a fost avariat in
hurricane. harikanJ timpul unui uragan.
The fire will be blown out in> IOza faii/ lIil bi: bloun Focul va fi stins intr-un
a minute. aut in a minit] minut.
Many trees were blown > [meni tri:z lI a:r bloun leri au fost doborati multi
down yesterday. daun ieslardei] copaci.
The car was burnt down. > loza ka: 1 u o ? baJnt daun I Ma~ina a ars de tot.
In exercitiul urmator, completati propozitiile cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului:
Furtuna a avariat hotelul in data de 23 maio The hurricane> \\ reck.:d the hotel on
rd
23 May.
Poti sa te ineci daca inoti maine. You can> dro\\ n if you swim tomorrow.
Un copil ~i-a pierdut viata in accident. A child> \\ as kIlled in the accident.
Casa noastra a ars pana in temelii saptamana Our house> \\ as burnt do\\ n last week.
trecuta.
- 15 -
Copacii s-au rasturnat de viintul puternic. - The trees >wcre blown down in the gale.
Mal mult de 0 suta de oameni s-au Inecat - More than a hundred people >were drowned
ciind vaporul a naufragiat. when the ship >was wrecked.
Oamenll ucid alti oameni In fIe care Zl. - People >kI11 other people every day.
Incalze~ti cu lemne lama? - Do you >burn wood in the winter?
Focul a fost stins. - The fire >has been blown out.
Acum iata un grup de adjective noi. Exersati pronuntia ~i retineti Intelesul lor In limba romiina:
sleepy > [sli:pl] - somnoros, adonnit
quiet > [kUalat] - lini~tit, calm, potolit
unpleasant > [anpleznt] - neplacut
nOIsy > [nolZl ] - zgomotos, galagios
dirty > l d·'.'tl] - murdar
modem > [l11oda'n] - modern, nou, contemporan
Cihtl cu atentie unnatoarele propozitii In care apar adjectivele noi:
1 feel sleepy this > l alII I sll.pl LYI~ - Sunt somnoros In

mommg. ICI
1110 'nIl1 ] dimineata aceasta.
Our street is very quiet. > [aua' stll t IZ \ ell kUaiat] - Strada noastra este fomie lini~tita.
Nightmares are unpleasant. > [naltl11c,j'Z a" anpleznt] - Co~marurile sunt neplacute.
These children were > l O/I'Z t)ilth an Ua ' - Ace~ti copii au fost
very nOIsy. yen nOIZlJ foarte galagio~i.
We must clean the car > lUI: l11a~t kll.n lYa ka: 1 - TrebLlle sa curatam ma~ina
because it is dirty. hlkoz It IZ da.'lI] deoarece este murdara.
This is a modern factory. > lO/ls IZ a l11oda'n j}~ktan] - Aceasta este 0 fabrica modema.
In exercqlUl unnator completati urmatoarele propozitil In limba engleza cu noile cuvinte:
COPIll no~tn sunt foarte somnoro~i. - Our children are very >sleepy.
Am avut vecml galagio~i. - We had >nol~y neighbours.
Uita-te la miiinile tale murdare! - Look at your >dlrty hands!
Vreau sa traiesc Intr-un ora~ lini~tlt. - I want to live in a >qulct town.
Ma~inile modeme sunt scumpe. - > 1\1 odcrn cars are expensive.
Niciodata nu am fost Intr-o situatle - 1 have never been in a more

mai neplacuta! >unpkasant situation!
16
Traduce\i unnatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
I ini~tit > quiet
murdar > dirty
zgomotos > nOIsy
modem > modem
somnoros > sleepy
neplacut > unpleasant
in exerci{iul urmator vom inva/a substantive care apar intotdeauna la plural:

r
trousers > [trauza z] - pantaloni
spectacles > [spekHiklz] ochelari
scissors > [sizarz] foarfeca
r
binoculars > [binokiula z] binoclu
glasses > [gla :siz] ochelari
Pentru a defini cantitorea exacta a acestor obieete, sefolose$te expresia a pair of [5 pear ov]
o pereche.
Cititi cu voce tare exemplele:
[ want to buy a pair of > [ai uont tu bai a pear av Vreau sa cumpar 0
trousers. trauzarz] pereche de pantaloni.
I'
Where are my binoculars? > [uear a: mai binokiu1i:/z Unde este binoclul meu?
1 don't see them. ai daunt si: DIem] Nu-l viid.
We have sold ten pairs of > . I: I1 E

[L1' ~ V sou Id ten pea
_I' z
Azi noi am vandut zece
spectacles today. ov spektaklz tadei) perechi de ochelari.
She cannot find her glasses. > [~i: kEnot faind ha:1' - Ea nu-~i gase~te ochelarii.
gla:siz]
1 must buy three pairs of > [ai mast bai T\i: pei'/ Z Trcbuic sa cumpar trei
r
scissors. ov siza z] foarfece.
to get > [tu get] - a obtine, a ajunge, a

deveni
LI
to wake up > [tu eik ap] a se trezi
to snore > [tu sno:l'] a sforai
to dream > [tu dri:m] a visa, a-~i inchipui
to shave > Itu ~eiv ] a barbieri, a se barbieri
to undress > [tu andres] a (se) dezbraca
- 17-
Dintre aceste verbe, trei sunt neregulate. Formele lor sunt:

get > [get] got > [goll got > [got]
wake > [ueik] woke > IUouk] woken > Illoukn]
dream > [dri.mj dreamt > [dremt j dreamt > [dremt]
Sa exersam utilizarea verbelor noi in propozitii. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:
I always get sleepy late at > [al 0 jlleiz get SJi:Pl leit Totdeuna devin somnoros
night. Et na/t] noaptea tarziu.
Undress and go to bed. > [andres End gou tu bed] Dezbraca-te ~i du-te la
culcare!
We woke up at seven. 1I
> [1: 1I ouk ap J:l sevn I Ne-am trezit la ~apte.
Have you ever dreamt about> [hEv iu: e\i:\1 dreml abaut Ai visat vreodata la 0 casa
a big house? a big haus] mare?
Do you always snore when > [du IU: o:lueiz sno: 1 uen Sforai intotdeuna cand
you sleep? IU slI:pJ dormi?
Have you shaved yet? > [hEv IU: ~elvd let] - Te-ai biirbierit deja?
Completati propozitiile cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului:
Vremea va deveni cetoasa. It is > geltll1g foggy.
Copiii s-au dezbracat deja. The children have already> undressed.
Am visat la 0 ma~ina noua. I have > dreamt about a new car.
Maine trebuie sa te barbiere~ti mai You must> "have earlier tomorrow.

devreme.
Sforai de obicei? Do you usually> snore?
S-au trezit inainte de ~ase. They> V\ oke up before six.
In umlatorul exercitiu traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza:
a sforai > to snor~
a se dezbraca > to und! e"s
a obtine > to get
a se barbieri > to shave
a visa > to dre3111
a se trezi > 10 \\ ake up
- 18 -
Acest ultim exercitiu este de verificare. Traduceti propozltiile in limba engleza ~i exersati pronuntia:
Pe data de 25 mai a fast un vant putemic. > There was a strong gale on 25th May.
Furtunile cu traznete sunt i'ntotdeauna perieuloase. > Thunderstorms are always dangerous.
~ase oameni ~i-au pierdut viata in acest uragan. > SIX people were killed III this hurricane.
Daca se intuncea nu vom gasi aeeasta easa. > If it gets dal k we won't find thIS house.
Acest ceas de~teptator a fast cumparat din > This alarm clock \Vas bought in
acest magazin. thiS shop.
iti place vremea schimbatoare? > Do you like changeable weather?
Pantalonii tai sunt in dulap. > Your trousers are In the wardrobe.
Vaporul a naufragiat pe a ceata deasa. > The ship was wrecked III a dense fog.
Fiiea lor s-a inecat anul trecut. > Their daughter dlOwned last year.
Saptamana aceasta au fast multe averse. > There have been many showers this week.
Nu vei cumpara aceasta carte daca cheltui > You won't buy thIS book If you spend
toti banii pe haine. all the lTIon\lY on clothes.
Este pe al douazecilea raft. > It is on the twentIeth shel f.
Mancarea e congelata. > The food IS frozen.
Copiii nu s-au trezit inca. > The chIldren have not woken up yet.
La sfar~itulleetiei unneaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Cuvintele de pe aceea~i coloana cantin sunete

identlce:
[au] [a:rJ [c] [ail
shower burn wreck fire
drown dirty get Ice
brown -third dense lllce
down bird set find
19
RECAPITULARE 19
19.1. Propozitia conditionala tipul intiii. (1. Conditional)
Acest timp se refera la vii tor. Indeplinirea conditiei, respectiv realizarea activitatii
viitoare este probabila.
Semnificatia conjunctiei "if'[if] : "daca".
Propozitia conditionala (care sta dupa if) este la timpul prezent simplu (Simple Pre-
sent), iar propozitia principala este la timpul viitor simplu (Simple Future).
If you buy the paper we will read Daca cumperi ziarul yom citi despre acel
about that accident. accident.
19.2. Numeralele ordinale:
Numeralele ordinale se formeaza prin adaugazea terminatia -th la numeralul

cardinal:
SIX sixth
seven seventh
Ortografia unor ciitorva numerale se schimba prin adaugarea terminatiei - th:

fi~ fi~
twelve twelfth
In cazul in care numeralele se termina in -y, acesta se preschimba in -ie, dupa

adaugarea terminatiei -th:
twenty -- twentieth
Daca numeralul se termina in ,,-intai, -doilea, -treilea" atunci in engleza se folosesc

cuvintele "first, second, third":
douazeci~iunu - twenty-first
Daca numeralele ordinale sunt scrise cu cifre, atunci cifrelor Ii se adauga ultimele
doua litere ale formei scrise eu litere:
first 1st
twenty-fifth 25th
19.3. Diateza pasiva - the Passive Voice
Diateza pasiva se foIose~te atunci ciind subiectul este obiectul care sufera aqiunea
iar autorul actiunii este exprimat printr-un complement. Propozitia cu structura pa-
siva se formeaza din: forma corespunzatoare a verbului "to be" ~i fonna a II1.-a a
verbului principal.
The hammer was found in the shed. - Ciocanul a fost gasit in ~ura.
19.4. Scrierea ~i citirea datelor

5t
on 21 October - Pe data de 21 octombrie
[on DZa tllentl fa.'st ov oktoubal ]
In pronuntia datelor apar cuvinte aditionale - care nu se scriu. Acestea sunt "the"
inaintea datei ~i "of' inaintea denumirii lunii.
- 20-
TEMA. PENTRU ACASA. 19
A. Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii:
I. A lot of people were killed when the house was burnt down.
2. These glasses were broken yesterday.
3. When the sunny spells set in, the ice melted in a short time.
4. Will three pairs of shoes be enough?
5. Today is the thirtieth day of the month.
6. If you don't mop the floor you won't go to the cinema today.
1. Ma trezesc des, cand afara este galagie.
2. Ochelarii tai sunt mai modemi decat ai mei?
3. Ace~ti copaci au fast doborati de uragan. (diateza pasiva)
4. In acest co~mar am cazut de pe 0 cHidire inalta.
5. In aceasta iama vremea a fost schimbatoare.
6. Daca negociem yom primi marire de salariu.
c. Gasiti gre~elile din unnatoarele propozitii:
I. I will buy this car if it will be cheap.
2. It will be on 23 January.
3. This house wasn't build last year.
4. Last winter was sevire.
5. If she is late for work tomorrow, they fire her.
6. Has that dog been bought last year?
- 21 -
-
--
--
--
LECTIA
, 20 PARTEA INTAI
-
...... sa incepem lectia cu un grup de cuvinte legate de circulatie. Studiati-le
cu atentie:
zebra-crossing > [zebra krosin(!l'1 zebra, trecere de pie-

toni
traffic lights > [trEfik lails] - stop, semafor
pedestrian > [pidestrianl pieton
right of way > l rait ov 1I cij prioritate de trecere
time-table
cab
destination
underground
> Itaim leibl]
> [kEb]
> [destinei~n ]
> [andargraund]
- orar, program
- taxi
destinatie
metrou
..
li
witness > [ itnes] martor
ambulance > [Embiulans] ambulanta
onlookers > [onlul<fl'z] - privitori, spectatori
Exersati cuvintele ~i intr-o alta ordine. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:
destination > [destinei~n] destinatie
pedestrian > [pidestrian 1 - pieton

li
witness > [ itnes] - martor
zebra-crossing
underground
> [zebra krosin(gl]
> landa'graund]
zebra, trecere de pie-
toni
- metrou
•
time-table > Itaim lcibl] - orar, program
traffic lights > [tr Efi k I aits ] - stop, semafor
onlookers > [onlukarz] - privitori, spectatori
ambulance > [Embiulans] - ambulanta
cab > [kEb] - taxi
right of way > [rail ov lI e i 1 prioritate de trecere
- 22-
In urmatorul exercitiu veti revedea cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare:
1
There were many witnesses > i0 Cal uaJ meni Uitnislz Au fost multi martori Ie
of that accident. 0\ Diet Eksid:intj acel accident.
One boy was taken to > IUan boi uo ! tClkn lu Un baiat a fost transportat
hospital in an ambulance. hospitl in an Embiulansj la spital cu ambulanta.
The onlookers wanted to see> lD/1 onlukal'z uontid tu Privitorii au vrut sa vada
everything. si: evriTSin(g)] totul.
Even a ze bra-crossmg t · I,rOSin

. can be> [.1:\'11 a. ze)ra . (l') c Pana ~i trecerea de pietoni
dangerous. !den bI: deindjilras] poate fi periculoasa.
1
Are there any traffic lights in >[a: 0\:-5r eni trEfik laits Sunt semafoare in aceasta
this street? in D/js stri:t] strada?
Where are these pedestrians >rUeal' a: 1 D/i:z pidestrianz Unde merg ace~ti pietoni?
going? goinlg)1
1 1
The car on the right has the >fn/a ka: on D {[ rait 11[7 Ma~ina din dreapta are
right of way, O/a rait ov ueij prioritate.
Where can I find the > IUea l kEn al famd ])/ il Unde pot gasi orarul?
time-table? lallll telblj
I took a cab to get to the > [al tuk il kEb tu get tll Am luat un taxi ca sa
office. [/1 ofis1 merg la birou.
> r0 ii destinei~an
7
The destination of this ship 0\' O/is Destinatia acestui vapor
is New York. ~[P IZ niu: io:1k] este New York.
If we go by underground we > I I, f' [I,1: gOll b al. Daca mergem cu metroul,

_ I' U U
will get there faster. anda graund I: i J get yom ajunge mai repede
0
1
Cal fa:sti/] acolo,
"Even a zebra-crossing can be dangerous".
- 23 -
Completati propozitiile cu cuvintele corespunzatoare! Exerati ~i pronuntia:
Acest orar este vechi. This> time-table is old.
Azi sunt multi pietoni pe strazi. There are many> pedestrians in the
streets today.
Au fost prea multi privitori. There were too many> onlookers.
Cite taxiuri sunt in acest ora~? How many> cabs are there in this town?
Trebuie sa facem mai l1111lte treceri de pie- We must make more> zebra-crossings.
toni.
Semafoarele nu funetioneaza de doua zile. The> traffic lights have been out of or-
der for two days.
Daca nu vine ambulanta, te yom lua cu If the> ambulance doesn't come we will
ma~ina. take you by car.
Merg des Cll metroul. I often go by > underground.
Toti martorii au inteles intrebarile? All > witnesses understood the ques-
tions?
Care este destinatia ta? What is your> destination?
Avem prioritate? Do we have the> right of way?
Cu urmatorul exercitiu yom controla in ce masura v-ati insu~it cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba
engleza:
taxi > cab
privitori > onlookers
program > time-table
metrou > underground
prioritate de trecere > fight of way
destinatie > destinatIon
zebra > zebra-crossl11g
ambulanta > ambulance
pieton > pedestrian
martor > witness
semafor > traffic-lights
Sa ne intoarcem acum la diateza pasiva.
Forma continua la prezent ,~i trecut (Present Continuous, Past Continuous) a verbelor la di-
ateza pasiva se alcatuie$te cu forma continua a verhului to be, ca verb auxiliar, $i forma
being [bi:in lg1 ] aflata inaintea formei a III-a verbului principal.
- 24-
She is readll1g - A book lS bell1g > [a buk IZ bi:lI1(g) - 0 carte este

a book. read. red] citita.
They were cleaning the - The house was being > [Q/ a haus "az bi: in lg ) - leri la zece se lacea
house at ten yesterday. cleaned at ten yesterday. kli:nd Et ten iesta'dei] curatenie in casa.
In urmatorul exercitiu transformati propozitiile cu verbulla diateza activa in propozitii cu verbulla

diateza pasiva:
She is cleaning her room now. > I lel room IS bcing cleaned now.
They were changing the management > The management was being changed
yesterday at two. ~ e,telday at two.
They are negotiating raises at the moment. > Raises are bcing negotiated at the moment.
Sa mai Invatam cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i retineti sensullor In limba romana:
injured >[indja'd] - ranit, lovit, avariat
unconscious > [ankol1~as] - incon~tient, involuntar
mainly > [I1lClI1lI] - mai ales, mai cu seama
III yam >[in\clI1] - zadarnic, inutil, In zadar
senous > l si:nas] - serios, important
necessary > [nc,IS;l1 i] - necesar. inevitabil
lata cuvintele noi in propozqii:
They were injured in > [IYel ",1.' indp'd 111 - Ei au fost raniti In
the accident. [)Ii Eksldalltj accident.
Your brother is still > [10" braD/ar iz std - Fratele tau este Inca
unconscious. ankol1:;;asj incon~tient.
It was a very serious book. > [It "af. a \ ert si nas prublam] - Era 0 carte foarte serioasa.
We tried to help but it was > ["1 1Ia[(! tu help bat It "al' - Am Incercat sa ajutam dar a fost
111 Yam. Ill\ClI1j in zadar.
John's sister works mainly > [d\Ol1l ,isla' "a 'b memli - Sora lui John lucreaza mai ales
at night. Lt Il.lIl J noaptea.
I think this information > [al') '1l1 1'!k I)'", Il1f~I'l11el,;;l1] - Cred ca aceasta informatie
is necessary. 11 I1l'Si ,;111 ] este necesara.
25
Unneaza un exercitiu nou. Completati propozitiile folosind cuvintele corespunzatoare:
EI a incercat sa inteleaga asta, dar in zadar. He tried to understand it but> In \ ain.

Ei vand mai ales legume. They sell> mainly vegetables.
Aici este necesara 0 trecere de pietoni. A zebra-crossing is > necessary here.
El a fost incon~tient mai mult de 0 He was> unconS":IOW, for longer than a
saptamana. week.
Tatal meu a pus 0 intrebare serioasa. My father asked a > seriolls question.
Au fost raniti ~apte pietoni. Seven pedestrians were> injured.
Desigur ati memorat deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
serios, important > sertous

mai ales > mamly
ranit > injured
zadamic > 111 vam
necesar > necessary
incon~tient > unconscIous
inutil > 111 \ a 111
necesar, inevitabil > Ilcccs~ary
Dintre toate numeralele engleze~ti nu v-am prezentat inca zeroul. in limba engleza zeroul are
mai multe echivalente:
1. 0 - pronuntat ca ~i [OLl] se utilizeaza atunci cand in!jiram mai multe c~fre:

r r
Her telephone number> [ha: telifaun namba IZ Numarul ei de telefon este
is nine, two, four, 0, nain tu: fa:' ou se\nj noua, doi, patru, zero,
seven. ~apte.
2. Nil [niIJ, se folose~te la prezentarea rezultatelor sportive:

The result of the > [D"i1 rizalt ov D/a mEt$ Rezultatul meciului este
match is four nil. iz ro J 1111J patru-zero.
3. Zero l zirouj, se jolose$te la descrierea unitali/or de masura:

It is six degrees below> [it IZ siks dlgri:z bJlou - Sunt ~ase grade sub zero.
zero. ziroLl]
4. Nought (sau naught) [no·t], se folose~te de obicei in matematica ~i literatura:

Two minus two is > [tu: mainas t\l: iz na:t I - Doi minus doi fac zero.
nought.
All her work was for > [0.1 hft:' lI a:'k lI a? 1'0:' Toata munca ei nu a
nought. no:t] valarat nimic.
- 26-
In exercitiul anterior ati invatat mai multe cuvinte noi:
l
number > [nambfl ] numar
result > Irizalt] rezultat
minus > [mainas] mmus
below > rbilou] dedesubt, jos, mai jos, sub
degree > [digri: I grad, masura, treapta
Ati vazut deja cuvintele noi in exemple. In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile cu
aceste cuvinte:
Ei locuiesc sub noi. They live> below us.
Este acolo, jos. It's there, > below.
EI are doctoratul. He has a doctor's> degree.
Imi place asta doar intr-o oarecare masura. I like it only to some> degree.
Care a fost rezultatul negocierilor? What was the> result of the negotia-
tions?
Care este numarul apartamentului tau? What is the> number of your apartment?
Azi temperatura este de minus cinci grade. The temperature is > minus five today.
L_~ _
"He has a doctor's degree".
Acum iara~i yom invata verbe noi:

to prevent > [t u pri vent J a preintampina, a preveni
r
to run over > [IU ran OU\ aJ a calca, a lovi cu ma~ina
to hit > [tll hit] a lovi, a nimeri

to direct > [tu d'lIrl'k t] a dirij a, a conduce
to cause > [t 1I kIn] a cauza, a provoca
to travel > I t 1I trE\ II, a calatori
-27-
Doua dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. lata formele lor:
formal forma a II-a fonna a III-a
run > (I an] ran > [lEn] run > (ran]
hit > [hit] hit > [h It] hit > (hIt]
Verbele noi apar in urmatorul dialog. Cititi textul cu atentie:
A: When we were travelling to Madrid we saw a terrible accident.
s: Was anybody killed?
A: Yes, but wait a moment. A big car hit a building.
S: Were there any pedestrians in the street?
A: Yes, the car ran over three people. Two of them were killed and one woman was injured.
S: Were there any policemen there?
A: There was one policeman. He directed the traffic but could not prevent the accident.
S: Do you know what caused the accident?
A: I think the car was out of order.
in dialogul nostril apare clI\'iintlll could [kud]. Acesta este forma de trecut a verbllilli modal can.
Sa analtzam separat fiecare propozitle. Cltiti cu voce tare:
When we were travellmg > ["en "I "a' trEv]m(gl - Cand calatoream spre Madrid
to Madrid we saw a terrible tu madI id til so a tCrIb! am vazut un accident
accident. I-"ksldant] groaznic.
Was anybody killed? > [tl az ctllboUI kJld] - ~i-a pierdut cineva viata?
Yes, but wait a moment. - Da, dar a~teapta 0 clipa.
A big car hit a building. - 0 ma~ina mare a lovit 0 cladire.
Were there any pedestrians > [tl a ' [Yea' cnl pldcstJlanZ - Au fost pietoni
in the street? m IYa SI111] pe strada?
Yes, the car ran over > [ICS IYa Ll ' rEn OU\ a' - Da, ma~ina a caleat
three people. 1"11 pi pI] trei oameni.
Two of them were killed > [tu ,1\ lYem ",I ' klld - Doi dmtre ei ~i-au pierdut
and one woman was Fnd ",In 'um,ln "dZ vJata ~i 0 femeie a fost
seriously injured. si 11,IS11 indJd.'d] gray ran ita.
Were there any policemen > [tid' lYe,l' cnl p:lli sman - A fost acolo vreun
there? IYCd'J politist?
There was one policeman. - A fost un politist.
28
He directed the traffic but > [h1: dairektid O/a trEfik EI a dirijat circula!ia, dar
could not prevent the bat kuJ not privent O/j nu a putut preintampina
accident. accidentul.
Eksidant 1
Do you know what caused > [du IU: nOll liot ku:zd D/i - Stii ce a cauzat
the accident? Eksidant] accidentul?
I think the car was out of > [ai TSin(g)k D/a ka: r uoz Cred ca ma~ina a fast
order. aut ov o.IUr1t I defecHi.
Raspundeti in limba engleza la unnatoarele intrebari:
When did you see that terrible accident? > \Ve saw that terrible d..::cident when we
\\ere travelling to \1adnd
What did the big car hit? > The bIg ear hit a bui lding..
How many people did the car run over? > The car ran over three people.
Who was killed? > Two of the three people were killed.
What happened to the woman? > T he woman \Vas II1Jured.
Were there any policemen there? > Yes, there was one policeman.
What did he do? > He directed the traffic.
What caused the accident? > The car was out of order.
Acum ne vom ocupa de pronumele interogativ who ~i urilizarea lui:
Acesr pronume are mai mulre intelesuri: cine, pe cine, cui, cine, care, pe care. Daca intelesul
lui who este cine, inrrebarea se refera doar la persoana ~i who poare jifolosit ca subsrantiv. in
acest caz ordinea propozi(iei este directa, strucrura sa este ajirmariva, iar verbul este la perso-
ana a III-a singular.
Who likes you? Cine te iube~te?
Who went home? Cine s-a dus acasa?
in eazul in care pronumele interogativ who anare cu celalalte in(elesuri, interogativul se for-
meaza cu ajulorul verbelor auxiliare, forma corespunzatoare a verbului to be sau a verbelor
modale:
Who were these people? Cine au fost ace~ti oameni?

Who did you meet? Cu cine te-ai intalnit?
Traduce!i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Cine ~i-a pierdut via!a in acest accident? > Who \\:lS kJikd ill lhi~ accident')
Pe cine vezi pe strada in fiecare zi? > Who do you Sc:C III the stleet every day'?
Cine este acest barbat in haina maro? > \V ho is thIS man i'l a hnm 11 coat'?
Cine scrie aceste scrisori minunate? > Who \', nte~ th~'~c hcal,tiful letters'?
Pe cine cau!i acum? > \Vhl) ,Ire you look 1I1g for <10\\ 0
- 29-
Ne vom intoarce acum fa diate~a pasiwI Pentru a indica persoana care executa activitatea in
propozitia fa diateza pasiva, se .rofose,~te prepozitia by.
De exemplu:
Peter made this chair, This chair was > [D/is t~ear 1I 0z Acest scaun a fost
made by Peter. meid bai pi:ti/] !acut de Peter.
The trade-union is Raises are being > [reiziz a: 1 bi:in lg ) Maririle de salarii
negotiating raises, negotiated by the nigou~le/tid bal sunt negociate de
trade-union. D/[I treld 1U:Jl1an] catre sindicat.
In exercitiul urmator, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Radioul tocmai a fost pomit de catre John. > The radio has been turned on by John.
Aceste ma~ini sunt !acute de 0 fabrica din > These cars are made by a factory m
Chicago. Chicago.
El a fost ucis de doi oameni. > Hc \\as kIlled by two men.
Am fost trezit de copii galagio~i. > f was woken up by nOIsy children
(;i~ uitati-~a, da~-~erb~-~~~~~~~~~~i~~oua~ar~,~e e~-~~;lu ~a~

for, look for, prepozitia trebuie sa apara ~i in diateza pasiva: :
I
! I looked for it yesterday. - It was looked for yesterday. I
~--- - - - - - - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_/
Si iata ultimul exercitiu al acestei parti, in care 'lorn recapitula materialul invatat pana acum.
Traduce!i propozitiile in limba engleza:
Ace;;ti martori au vazut cel mai bine acci- > These witnesses saw the accident best.
dentul.
Au fost cinci grade sub zero. > It \'. as five degrces below zero.
Cine a fost calcat de un taxi? > Who was run ovcr by a cab?
Numarul meu de telefon este unu, noua, > My number is one, nme. 0, five, two, 0.
zero, cinci, doi, zero.
Ei au avut prioritate de trecere? > Old they hay e the right of way'?
Ace~tioameni au incercat sa ajute dar > These people tried to help but in \ am.
zadamic.
El calatore~te mai ales cu metroul. > He travels main Iy by underground.
Cine a scris acest orar? > Who wrote this time-table?
El s-a ranit grav? > Is he seriously mjured'!
Patruzeci minus patruzeci fac zero. > Forty Jl1l11US furty IS uro/nought.
Circulatia este dirijata acum de un politist. > The traffic is bell1g directed by a police-
man no\'..
Pe cine iube~ti? > Who do you lIke?
- 30-
LECTIA
Cititi cu atentie unnatorul dialog! Repetati exercitiul pana cand va convingeti de faptul ca v-ati
Insu~it pe deplin pronuntia ~i intonatia.
Cuvintele ~i silabele accentuate sunt tiparite jngro~at.
Mary: Peter, have you ever been in an accident?

Peter: No, I haven't, but my brother was yesterday afternoon.
Mary: How did it happen?
Peter: My brother was on a zebra-crossing at the traffic-lights and a cab was
coming from the right.
Mary: And ... what happened?
Peter: The cab didn't stop in time and my brother was hit by it.
Mary: Was your brother injured?
Peter: Yes, he was, but fortunately not seriously.
Mary: I am glad he wasn't seriously injured. Were there any witnesses who saw
the accident?
Peter: There were many onlookers, and the witnesses say my brother did not
cause the accident.
Barbara: Have you heard the news that yesterday a pedestrian was hit by a car at the
traffic-lights?
John: No, I haven't, but some pedestrians think they always have the right of
way.
Barbara: But everybody knows that it is not true.
John: Yes, everybody knows it only the pedestrians don't. We must all try to
prevent accidents.
Barbara: You are right. Policemen cannot do everything.
John: I think it is better when there are also traffic-lights.
Mary: Peter. do you travel mainly by underground to your office?

Peter: Yes, J do. You travel by underground fast and easily.
Mary: Yes, but it has become very expensive. Do you have a time-table?
Peter: There are so many underground trains that you don't need a time-table.
And a modem underground is not noisy or dirty.
Barbara: I feel so tired after a hard day of work.

John: People are tired when they get home from factories and offices.
Barbara: And they do nothing only go to bed early because they are sleepy.
John: When it is too noisy outside they wake up.
Barbara: I usually wake up even when it's only a little noisy.
John: But when you have a nightmare you are glad when you hear the alarm
clock.
- 31 -
In ultimul exercitiu al leetiei, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Aceasta este deja a patra furtuna in un- > This IS already the fourth gale in eleven
sprezece zile. days
Cinci oameni ~i-au pierdut viata in acel > Fl\ e people were kIlkd in that disaster.
dezastru.
Multe vapoare au suferit naufragiu. > Many ships vvere wrecked.
Focul a fost stins de un vant putemic. > The fire was blovv n out by a strong wind.
El are nevoie de 0 pereche noua de oche- > 1Ie needs a new paIr of glasses.
lari.
Aceste foarfece sunt periculoase pentru > These sci:-.sors arc dangerous for children.
copii.
In aceasta vreme schimbatoare nu-mi uit > In this changeable \\ e;11her ] don't forget
umbrela. my umbrella.
Casa noastra a ars pana in teme!ii > Our housc burnt dO\\ n last v\ eek.
saptamana trecuta.
Aceste averse sunt de ploaie bune pentru > These sho\Vers arc good for au' garden.
gradina noastra.
Au cumparat ~ase perechi de pantaloni. > They bought "'X pairS or trousers.
In acea iama aspra a fost de multe ori ceata > In that sc\ele \\ II1kr there \Vas a lot or
deasa. cknse fog.
Gheata s-a topit deja. > The Ice has alnC:,lLty melted.
Acest binoclu este vechi, am nevoie de unul > 1 hese bll10culars an:: oid; I n..:ed a new
nou. pair.
Noi am vandut zece perechi de pantofi. > We sold ten pairs of shoes.
Aceasta este 0 cuvertura pentru un pat de 0 > This is a bedspread 1'01' a sll1g1e bed.
singura persoana.
Ace! dulap este facut din lemn? > Is that wardrobe made of Vvood?
Ochelarii tai sunt pe perna tao > Your spectacles are on your pilloVv.
El a sforait zgomotos. > He was snoring nOIsily
Cat costa aceste ceasuri de~teptatoare? > How much are these alarm eloch)
Dupa vremea insorita a fost 0 furtuna cu > Aftcr thc sunny spells there was a
trasnete. thunderstorm.
Mi-am ars mana. > I hm e burnt my ham!.
Multi oameni i~i pierd viata pe acest drum > \1dWy pedplc .1IT killed on thb narnm
ingust. n)ad
Ea era incon~tienta dnd a fost dusa la > She \\ ,J>, lIih:OJbCIl'Us \\hen she \\ as
spital. t"ken to !lo"PI tal.
- 32-
Asta s-a 'intamplat 'in a noua zi. > This happened on the ninth day,
Temperatura va cobori sub zero grade. > The temperature wIll drop below zero.
Nimanui nu-i place aceasta caldura > Nobody lIkes this opplessive heat.
inabu~itoare.
Acest drum este alunecos in mod periculos. > This road is dangerously slippery.
Daca ai nevoie de ace~ti bani, ii vei gasi pe > If you need this money you \\ ill fInd it
raft. on the shelf.
Acest accident s-a intamplat in data de 27 > This accident happened 011 27th .Junc.
iunie.
Cumparatorul tocmai este servit de un > The cLlstomer is just being served by a
vanzator. shop-assistant.
Cine a solicitat aceasta slujba? > Who applied for this Job?
De cine ai nevoie? > Who do you need')
Ei au prevenit accidentul? > Have they prevented the accident?
Iar acum iata exercitiul de pronuntie. Repetati cuvintele ~i fiti atenti la pronuntia corecta a
sunetelor engleze~ti. Literele aflate in aceea~i coloana, scrise ingr~at desemneaza sunete iden-
tice:
rei J [0: J [i' ] l iJ

vain cause degree serious
train nought least spring
mainly brought leave build
rain thought deep
- 33-
RECAPITULARE 20
20.1. Dad verbul la diateza pasiva este la un timp continuu (Present Continuous, Past
Continuous) atunci stmctura predicatului este forma continua a verbului "to be", ca
verb auxiliar ~i forma a III-a a verbului principal, iar cuvantul "being" l bi: 111 J trece
inaintea fonnei a III-a a verbului.
She is reading A book is being > [a buk iz bi:in(g) Se cite~te 0 carte
a book. read. red] tocmai acum.
(Traducerea cuvant cu cuvant: ,,0 carte este citita tocmai acum".)

20.1.2. Dad vrem sa indicam persoana care executa activitatea in propozitia la diateza
pasiva, folosim prepozitia "by":
The traffic was directed by a - Circulatia a fost dirijata de un politist.
policeman.
Dad un verb este compus din doua parti, de exemplu: "wait for, look for", atunci
prepozitia trebuie sa apara ~i la diateza pasiva:
We waited for the bus. - The bus was waited for.
20.2. Pronumele interogativ "who"

20.2.1. In cazul in care semnificatia pronumelui interogativ este "cine" ordinea pro-
pozitiei interogative este directa, stmctura sa este afirmativa iar verbul este la
persoana a III-a singular:
Who likes you? - Cine te iube~te?
20.2.2. In cazul in care pronumele interogativ "who" are oricare din re~,tul semnificatii-
lor, formam interogativul cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar, a verbului "to be", sau a
verbului modal:
Who did you see? - Pe cine ai vazut?
- 34-
A. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba romana:
1. Can these pedestrians be witnesses?
2. Who told you about the negotiations?
3. Who have you seen on TV?
4. If you don't iron this shirt I will not put it on.
5. The beds are being delivered at the moment.
6. The underground will take you to your destination.
I. Am calatorit repede cu avionul.
2. Circulatia a fost dirijata de politist?
3. Casa noastra se construie~te la un colt periculos. (diateza pasiva)
4. Cu cine ai vorbit?
5. Vecinii taie aCUl11 copacii.
6. Dacii l11ananci cina, vei pril11i inghetata.
C. Corectati gre~elile din unnatoarele propozitii:
1. She bought only necesary things.
2. Who did hit him?
3. Work has been done through Peter.
4. How much is this scissors?
5. This job was applied.
- 35-
Lista verbelor neregulate din lectiile 19 ~i 20
bum > [ba:1n] burnt > [ba:1nt] burnt > [ba:1nt I
can > [kEn I could > [klld1 could > [kud]
dream > [dri:m] dreamt > l dremt] dreamt > Idremtl
freeze > [fri:z] froze > [frouz] frozen > [1l-llLlzn]
get > Iget] got > rgot] got > rgot]
hit > [hit] hit > [hit] hit > [hit]
run > [ran] ran > [rEn] run > [ran]
set > [set] set > [sel] set > [set]
wake > [velk] woke > [vouk] woken > [voukn]
I
:;:::;:;:;:;:;:;:::::::;:;:;:
I
- 36-
I
VOCABULARVL LECTIILOR 19 ~i 20
alarm clock r ceas de~teptator
> [ala: m klok]
ambulance > [Embiulans] ambulanta
bedspread > [bedspred] - cuvertura de pat
below >[bilou] dedesubt, jos, mai jos, sub
binoculars > [binokiularz] binoclu
blanket > [bIEn(g)kit] cuvertura, patura
to blow > [tu blou] a sufla, a se arde
to be blown down > [tu bi: blolln daun] a dobor!, a rastuma
to be blown out > [tll bi: bloun aut] a stinge, a sufla
tu burn > [tu ba:rn] a arde, a praj i, a fi 'aprins
tu be burnt down r a arde pana in temelii, a

>[tu bi: ba: nt dalln]
arde de tot
cab > [kEb] taxi
to cause > [Ill ko:z] - a cauza
changeable > [t~eindjabl] schimbator
dangerous > [deindjaras] periculos
degree > [digri:] grad, masura, treapta
destination > [destinei~n] destinatie
dew > [diu:] roua
to direct > [tu dairekt] - a dirij a, a conduce
dirty > [da:rti] murdar
double >[dabl] dublu
double bed > [dabl bed] pat dublu
dream > [dri:m] VIS
to dream > [tu dri:m] a visa, a inchipui
dressing-gown > [dresin(g) gaun] halat, capot
to drizzle > [tu drizl] a bumita, a ploua marunt
to drop > [tu drop] a picura, a cadea, a scapa
to drown > [tu draun] a ineca, a se ineca, a

scufunda
to be drowned > [tu bi: drallnd] a fi inecat
- 37-
to freeze > l tu fri:z] a ingheta, a degera
gale > [geil] vant puternie, furtuna
to get > [tu get] a obpne, a ajunge, a

deveni
glasses > [gla:siz] oehelari
hail > [heil ] grindma
to hit > [tu hit] a lovi, a nimeri
hurricane > [hallkan] uragan, furtuna
Ice > [als] gheata
if > [I f] daea, presupunand ea
injured > [indjard] lovit, ranit, avariat
m vam > [in vein] zadamie, inutil, in zadar
to kill > [tu kill a omori, a ueide
to be killed > [tu bi: kild] a-;;i pierde viata, a eadea

(in razboi)
mainly > [mclI1lt] mai ales
to melt > [tu melt] a tOpl, a se topi
mmus > [mainas] minus
modem > [moda1n] modem, nou, contemporan
naught, (nought) > [no:t] zero, nul, nimie
necessary > [ncsisari] necesar, inevitabil
to need > [tu ni:d] a avea nevoie de, a trebui

1
nightmare > [naltmea ] co;;mar
nil > [nil] zero, nimie
noisy > [noIZl ] zgomotos, galagios
nought, (naught) > [no.t I nimic, zero, nula

l
number > [namba ] numar, numeral
oh, 0 > [au] zero
onlookers > [onluka'z] privitori, speetatori
oppressive > [opresiv] apasator, inabu;;itor
pair > [pea' ] pereche
pedestrian > [pidestrian] pieton
pillow > [pilau] perna
- 38-
to prevent > [tu priventJ a preintampina, a preveni
quiet > [kualiH! lini~tit, calm, potolit
result > [nzalt] rezultat, consecinta

u
right of way > [rait ov ei] prioritate (de trecere)
road > [roud I drum, ~osea
rug > [rag] covora~, carpeta

l'
to run over > [tu ran oliva] a calca (de 0 ma~ina)
scissors > [sizal'z] foarfeca
serious > [si:rias] serios, important
to set in > [tu set in] a incepe, a veni (un

anotimp)
severe > [sivial'] sever, aspru
shade > [~eid] umbra, nuanta
to shave > [tu ~el\] a barbieri, a se barbieri
sheet > [~i:tJ cear~af, foaie (de hirtie)
sheets > ["i:ls] cear~afuri, foi (de hirtie)
shower > [:;>aua'] aversa, ploaie torentiaHi
single > [singl] singur, unic, necasatorit
single bed > [singl bed] pat de 0 singura persoana
sleepy > [sli:pi] somnoros, adormit
slippery > [slipariJ alunecos

l'
to snore > [tu 5no: ] a sforai
spectacles > IspekUiklz] ochelari
sunny spells > [sani spelz] vreme insorita
thaw > [Tso:] dezghet, topire
thunderstorm > [T' anda \"SlO: I'm] furtuna cu traznete
time-table > [laim teibl] orar, program

,
traffic-lights > [trEfik laits] stop, semafor
to travel > [tu trEvl] a diHitori
trousers > [trauza' zl pantalon
unconsciOUS > [ankon~as] - incon~tient, involuntar

l'
underground > [anda graundJ metrou
- 39-
to undress > [tu andres] a se dezbraca
unpleasant > [anpleznt] nepIacut
to wake up > [tLl ueik ap] a se trezi
wardrobe > [lI o 'droub] garderobii, dulap de haine
witness > [li.\tnes ] martor, martor ocular
to wreck > [tu rekJ a srariima, a sparge, a

distruge
to be wrecked > [tLl bi: rekt] - a suferi un naufragiu, a se
deteriaza
zebra-crossing
zero
> [zebra krosin(gi]
> [zirou]
zebra trecere de pietoni
zero, nul
.. .
~
- 40-
RECAPITULARE
1. Comparatia adjectivelor:
large larger the largest
easy easier the easiest
2. Pluralul substantivelor:
books halves women
glasses tomatoes sheep
babies children mice
3. Utilizarea verbului auxiliar "to do" in propozitii interogative ~i negative:
Do you often visit them?
Did they know?
We don't live there.
They don't want to go.
4. Diateza pasiva - the Passive Voice
- structura: - verbul "to be" la timpul corespunzator + forma a III-a a verbului de conjugat
The thief was caught (by the police). - Hotul a fost prins (de politi~ti).
5. Fraza conditionala tipul I
- structura:
Propozitia principala if - Propozitia subordonata
(verbulla Simple Future Tense) (verbulla Simple Present Tense)
He will visit his friends if he has time. - I~i va vizita prietenii daca va avea timp.
6. Scrierea ~i citirea datelor
on the 2pt of October > [on D/a t"enti fa'st ov oktaubarJ -pe data de 21 octombrie
LECTIA 21 " "
PARTEA INTAI
,
Ca de obicei, incepem ~i aceasta lectie cu cateva cuvinte noi.

Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i retineti sensullor in limba romana:
situation > [sitiuei~an ] - situatie, stare
scene > [si:n] - scena, decor
film > [film] - film
difference > [difrans] - diferenta, deosebire
disease > [dizi:z] - boala, maladie
gesture > [ djest~ar] - gest
person > [pa:rsn] - individ, persoana
invention > [inven~n] - inventie, descoperire
play > [plei] - joe, piesa
task > [ta:sk] - sarcina, indatorire
struggle > [stragl] - lupta, intrecere
spy > [spai] - splOn
Repetati din nou cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine:
spy > [spai] - splOn
situation > [sitiuei~an ] - situatie, stare
disease > [dizi:z] - boala, maladie
struggle > [stragl] - lupta, intrecere
gesture > [ djest~ar] - gest
scene > [si:n] - scena, decor
person > [pa:rsn] - individ, persoana
task > [ta:sk] - sarcina, indatorire
play > [plei] - joe, piesa
2
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii:
We are in a difficult situation. > ["1. a-' In a difikalt sltlUei~n] - Suntem intr-o situatie dificila.
It was a beautiful scene. > [It "oz a blU.tlral si:n] - Era un decor minunat.
Have you seen that film? - Ai vazut filmul acela?
This is a dangerous disease. > [It IZ a demdjaras dJZi:z] - Este 0 boala periculoasa.
Do you see the difference? > [du IU: SI: D'a difrans] - Ve~i deosebirea?
It is a nice gesture. > [D'is iz a nais dJest~ar] - Este un gest dragut.
Who are these persons? > [hu: a: r D/I:z pa:rsnz] - Cine sunt aceste persoane?
Is television a useful > (IZ tellVljn a lU:sfal - Este televizorul

invention? Inven~n] o inventie utila?
Who has written this play? > [1m: hEz ritn DZis plel] - Cine a scris aceasta piesa?
It is a hard task. > [It IZ a ha:rd ta.sk] - Este 0 sarcina grea.
Was it a long struggle? > [U oz it a lon,gl stragl] - A fost 0 lupta lunga?
There are spies in this > [DZear a r spaiz in DZis - Sunt spioni in aceasta
country. kantn] tara.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele noi:
Diferentele nu sunt importante. - The >dlfkrences are not important.
Aceasta piesa este foarte scurta. - This >play is very short.
El cunoa~te situatia lor? - Does he know their > sItuation?
Sarcina voastra este sa scrieti un eseu. - Your >task is to write an essay.
Aceasta este ultima scena a filmului. - This is the last >scene of the > fi 1m.
Nu cunosc boala aceea. - I don't know that >disease.
Nu sunt ve~ti despre intrecere. - There is no news of the > struggle.
Nu cunosc nici una din aceste persoane. - I don't know any of these >persons.
A fost un gest ciudat. - It was a strange> gesture.
El a fost spion? - Was he a >spy?
Aceasta inventie este foarte utila. - This> invention is very useful.
3
Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza:
lupta, intrecere > struggle
persoana > person
scena > scene
splOn > spy
inventie > mvention
gest > gesture
film > film
piesa > play
sarcina > task
deosebire > difference
situatie > situation
boala > disease
Dacii la forma de infinitiv scurt (fiirii particula to a verbului) qdiiugiim terminafia -ing, obfinem
participiul prezent, pe care-l putem folosi in propozifii ca adverb.
De exemplu:
This job is exhausting. > [DZls dJob IZ Igzo:stm(gl] - Aceasta munca este epuizantii.
The difference is striking. > [DZa difrans iz stralkin(g)] - Deosebirea este frapantii.
The work is tiring.
His gesture was inviting.
This disease is catching.

> [DZa "a .rk iz tamrm(g)]
> [DZls dlzi:z IZ kEt~in(g)]

- Munca este obositoare.
- Gestullui a fost ispititor.
- Aceasta boala este molipsitoare.

.,
-
The news is surprising. > [DZa nlU:Z iz sapralzin(g)] - Ve~tile sunt surprinziitoare.
Sa invatam verbele noi de la care am format participiul prezent:
to invite > [tu mvalt] - a invita
to surprise > [tu sapralz] - a surprinde, a uimi, a lua prin

surprindere
to tire > [tu tad] - a obosi
to strike > [tll str<\lk] - a lovi, a izbi, a frapa, a ~oca
to exhaust > [tu Igzo.st] - a epuiza, a istovi
Dintre aceste verbe, to strike este neregulat. Invatati cele trei forme ale sale:
strike> [stral kJ struck> [stlak] struck> [strak]

4
lata cum se folosesc verbele noi in propozitii:
Long work always > llon'c) "a :'k o:l""iz - Munca indelungata rna obose~te
tires me. 131'l'.c ill t: ] intotdeauna.
I like to surprise you. > [al 1,lIk tu S,lpral7 iu:] - Imi place sa te iau prin
surprindere.
We have already invited > ["I: hh O:!TCdl invaitid - L-am invitat deja pe Peter.
Peter. pi:ta'i
They will exhaust their > ll)l<:I"illg/O.,t D'<:{' - I~i vor epuiza in curiind
savmgs soon. selvm(~)7 slI:nJ economiile.
The clock is just striking > [IYa klok 17 djast stralklll'C) - Ceasul tocmai bate ora
seven. sevnJ ~apte.
In exercitiul urmator completati spatiile din propozitii cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului sau cu
participiul prezent:
Pe cine vrei sa inviti? - Who do you want to >invlte?
Aceasta boala molipsitoare este periculoasa. - This >catching dIseaSe is dangerous.
M-ai surprins foarte tare. - You have >surpnscd me very much.
A fost 0 zi foarte obositoare. - It was a very >tinng day.
Te obose~te aceasta carte? - Does this book >tlrc you?
Intrebarea lui a fost surprinzatoare. - His question was >surprising.
Ultimul sau film m-a frapat. - His newest film >struck me.
Propunerea ta e tentanta. - Your proposition sounds >invlting.
Ne-am cheltuit deja toti banii. - We have already >cxhausted all our money.
Este frapanta aceasta diferenta? - Is this difference >striklllg?
Aceasta lunga plimbare a fost epuizanta. - This long walk was >exhausting.
Va amintifi desigur de propozifia condifionala de tipul I despre care am discutat in lecfia anterioani.
Conjuncfia if poate fi fnlocuita cu alte conjuncfii:
when > [lien] - ciind
as soon as >[Ez sll'n l:>j - indata ce
after > l a.fla'J - dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce,

ulterior
before >[blfo:'J - inainte, dinaintea
Propozifia care incepe cu oricare dintre conjuncfiile de mai sus, se nume~te propozitie
circumstantiala de timp. Nu este nici 0 diferenfa intre structura propozifiei condifionale de tipul I ~i
propozifia circumstanfiala de timp. Verbul din propozifia subordonata introdusa de aceste conjuncfii
este la timpul prezent simplu (Simple Present).
5
De exemplu:
He will buy the car as soon as > llll. "II bal DZa ka. r Ez su:n - El va cumpara ma~ina de
as he gets the money. Ez hI. gets IYa malll] indata ce prime~te banii.
I will have dinner before > [al ull hEy dina' blfo:' - Voi cina inainte sa merg la el.
I go to him. a' gau tu hIm]
When you are in the same > [U en 1U. a.'D"a selm

111 - Cand te vei afla
situation you will sitlUel~n 1U. uII in aceea~i situatie
understand me. anda rstEnd mI:] rna vei intelege.
After I finish this book > [a:fta r al filll~ DZIS buk - Dupa ce termin cartea aceasta
I will go for a walk. a' uII gau fd a U o k] o sa fac 0 plimbare.
Cind incepe sa ploua yom duce cainele > When it starts to ram we WIll take the dog
acasa. home.
De indata ce cite~ti aceasta carte imi vei > As soon as you read thIS book you wIll
spune ceva despre asta. tell me something about It.
Inainte de-a pleca yom inchide radioul. > Before we leave we wIll turn off the radio.
Voi face curatenie in casa dupa ee lucrez > I WIll clean the house after I work
in gradina. in the garden.
Sa lnvatam eateva adjective noi. Unele dintre ele se formeaza din verbe. Cititi-le eu voce tare ~i fiti
atenti la pronuntle:
alarming > [ala. rmm(g)] - alarmant, ingrijorator
exciting > [Iksaltm(g)] - interesant, captivant
moving > [mu:vin(gJ] - emotionant
foreign > [form] - strain
useless > [LU:shs] - inutil, nefolositor
remarkable > [nma.rkabl] - remarcabil, deosebit
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la traducerea in limba
romana:
I have heard some > [al hEy ha:rd sam - Am auzit cateva
alarming news. ala.rmm(g) ntu:z] ve~ti alarmante.
We saw an exciting match. > [U I: so. an iksaitin(gJ mEt~] - Noi am vazut un meci captivant.
His speech was moving. > [hlz spi.t~ uoz mu:vm(IP] - Discursullui a fost emotionant.
6
She is a foreign spy. > [~i: iz a form spa!) - Ea este 0 spioana straina.
This is a useless tool. >[O'IS lZ a m:slis tu:l] - Acesta este un instrument inutil.
This is a remarkable story. >[IY\s iz a rima:'kabl sto:ri] - Aceasta este 0 poveste

remarcabila.
Completati propozitiile cu cuvintele noi:
Filmul a fost foarte captivant. - The film was very >excltmg.
Am avut un vis deosebit. - 1 had a >remarkable dream.
EI nu are bani straini. - He has no >forelgn money.
Aceasta scena este foarte emotionanta. - This scene is very >moving.
Aceasta carte imi este nefolositoare. - This book is >useless to me.
Prognoza meteo este alarmanta. - The weather forecast is >alarming
Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
strain, din alta tara > foreIgn
inutil, nefolositor > useless
emotionant > movmg
alarmant, ingrijorator > alanmng
remarcabil, deosebit > remarkable
captivant > eX':ltlOg
in textele anterioare am inlocuit uneori substantivele cu pronumele nehotartit one. Utilizarea

pronumelui nehotartit este obligatorie alaturi de adjective, iar ltinga adjectivele sunt deseori un
articol hotartit:
I have two red chairs and a white one. - Am doua scaune ro~ii ~i unul alb.
They have two cars. He wants the big one. - Au doua ma~ini. EI 0 vrea pe cea mare.
Pronumele nehotartit one are ~i forma de plural:
Have you ever seen cheaper ones? - Ai vazut vreodata unele mai ieftine?
I like these black ones. - Imi plac acestea negre.
7
Completati propozitiile cu fonna corespunzatoare a pronumelui "one":
Am multe ceasuri dar nici unul modem. - I have many clocks, but no modem> ones.
El ~i-a pierdut ceasul ~i a platit 0 gramada - He lost his watch and paid a lot of
de bani pentru unul nou. money for a new> one.
Aveti de vanzare ~i unele straine? - Do you also sell foreign> ones?
Imi plac cainii, dar acesta nu este unul frumos. - I like dogs, but this isn't a nice> one.
Nu am multe reviste, Ie voi trimite - I haven't many magazines, I will send

pe acestea vechi. these old >ones.
~tiu ca ochelarii sunt scumpi. Cat ai platit - I know that glasses are expensive. How much
pentru ace~tia noi? have you paid for these new> ones?
Ultima ei scrisoare a fost scurta. - Her last letter was a short >one.
Aceasta ma~ina este ieftina. - This car is a cheap >one.
Dintre toate cartile acestea vreau sa Ie citesc - Of all these books I want to read only
doar pe cele captivante. the exciting >ones.
Acum sa invatam cateva verbe noi:
to disappoint > [tll dlsapoll1t] - a dezamagi, a deceptiona
to excite > [tll I ksa/l] - a provoca, a emotiona
to move >[tllmll\j - a se mi~ca, a se muta,

a (se) emotiona
to alann > [tll ala 'ml - a alanna, a speria
to choose > [tll t~ll:Z] - a alege, a selecta
to hide > [tll b.lid] - a ascunde, a acoperi
Doua dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. lata fonnele lor:
choose > [t 011·z] chose > [t~allz] chosen > [t 0311Zn]

hide > [Iwd] hid > [11I(1J hidden >[hidn]
Unnariti folosirea verbelor in propozitii ~i exersati pronuntia:
You have disappointed me. >llli. hE\ dls:tpointid ml:] - M-ai dezamagit.
The film excited them. > [ L)/ a (Ii 111 Ii.;sa/tld Diem] - Filmul i-a emotionat.
We have moved to Bucharest. > I "I il f'\ I11LJ vel III huh,nest] - Ne-am mutat la Bucure~ti.
8
The cars alarmed > [IYa ka:'z ala:'md - Ma~inile Ie-au speriat pe
the animals. DZi Enimalz] animale.
What book have you chosen? > ["at buk hEy iu: t~auzn] - Ce carte ai ales?
They chose the largest > [DZei t~auz DZii la:'djast - Au ales covorul
carpet. ka:'pit] cel mai mare.
Where have you hidden that? > ["ea' hEy iu: hidn DZEt] - Unde ai ascuns aceea?
Completati propozitiile cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor nou invatate:
Oamenii nu s-au mi~cat. - The men didn't >move.
Ce te-a provocat? - What has >exclted you?
Ea ~i-a deceptionat parintii. - She >disappointed her parents.
Au ascuns totul? - Have they >hidden everything?
Am ales cea mai scumpa carte. - I >chose the most expensive book.
Asta ne-a alarmat intotdeauna. - It has always >alarmed us.
disappointed parents tiring work
Sa recapitulam prima parte a lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Situatia noastra este foarte dificila. > Our situation is 'very difficult.
Ti-a placut piesa? > DId you like the play?
Tocmai am primit cateva ve~ti surprinzlitoare. > [ have Just got some surprising news.
Inainte sa vedem acest film, ne yom face datoria. > HerO! 10 we see tIllS film, we'll do our task.
9
A fost eel mai interesant meei pe care > It was the most excitmg match
I-am vazut vreodata. I have ever seen.
Cand vrei sa te muti? > When do you want to move?
Chiar erezi ea este inutil? > Do you really think It IS useless?
S-a intamplat eeva deosebit? > Has anything remarkable happened')
Cartea lui eea mai noua m-a ~oeat. > HIs newest book struck me.
Este vreo diferenta intre aeeste > Is there any difference between these
doua boli? two diseases?
surprising news exciting match
10
LECTIA
Sa invatam cateva cuvinte referitoare la ma~ini:
engme > [endjin] - motor
petrol > [petral] - benzina, carburant
litre > [li:tarJ - litru
oil > [oil] - ulei
battery > [bEtari] - baterie, acumulator
trouble > [trabl] - necaz, neplacere, griji,

deranj
lorry > [Iori] - camlOn
tyre > [taia r] - anvelopa, cauciuc
brake > [breikJ - fdina
mechanic > [mikEnik] - mecanic
indicator > [indikeita'] - indicator (de directie etc),

aparat de masural
de control
breakdown van > [breikdaun vEn] - ma~ina de depanare-auto
Repetati cuvintele intr-o aWi ordine:
trouble > [trabl] - necaz, neplacere, griji,

deranj
petrol > [petral] - benzina, carburant
engme > [endjin] - motor
breakdown van > [breikdaun vEn] - ma~ina de depanare-auto
litre > [li:ta l ] - litru
lorry > [Iori] - camlOn
battery > [bEtari] - baterie, acurnulator
brake > [hreik] - frana
indicator > [indikeita rJ - indicator (de directie etc),

aparat de masural
de control
tyre > [taia'] - anvelopa, cauciuc
oil > [oil J - ulei
11
lata cuvintele noi intr-un scurt dialog. Cititi-l cu atentie:
A: Yesterday I had some trouble with my lorry. It suddenly stopped and a breakdown van took it
to mechanic.
B: Did you have engine trouble or too little petrol?
A: No, I didn't. The battery and the indicators didn't work.
B: Did the mechanic help you?
A: Yes, he did everything very fast.
B: Did he also look at the brakes and the tyres?
A: Yes, they were all right. I bought two litres of oil and he changed it for me.
lar acum sa traducem fiecare propozitie:
Yesterday I had some > [festa'del al hEd sam - leri am avut probleme
trouble with my lorry. trabl uiD Zmal Ion] cu camionul meu.
It suddenly stopped and a > [it sadanli stopt End a ...:. S-a oprit brusc ~i 0 ma~ina
breakdown van took it brelkdaun vEn tuk It de depanare auto
to a mechanic. tu D'a ImkEmk] I-a dus la un mecanic.
Did you have engine trouble > [dId Ill: hEv endJIn trabl O:T - Ai avut probleme cu motorul
or too little petrol? lu: lit] petral] sau prea putina benzina?
No, I didn't. The battery and > [nau al didnt D'a bEtari End - Nu. Acumulatorul ~i
the indicators didn't work. D'I indlkeltaTz didnt ua:Tk] indicatoarele n-au functionat.
Did the mechanic help you? > [dId DZa mlkEmk help iu:] - Te-a ajutat mecanicul?
Yes, he did everything > [ies hi: dId evnT'in(t') - Da, a facut totul foarte repede.
very fast. veri fa:st]
Did he also look at > [did hI: o:lsau luk Et - S-a uitat ~i la frane ~i
the brakes and the tyres? DZa brelks End D'a talaTz] la cauciucuri?
Yes, they were all right. > [les Dlel U a:' 0:1 ralt] - Da, erau in regula.
I bought two litres of oil > [ai bo:t tu: li:taTz avail - Am cumparat doi litri de ulei ~i
and he changed it for me. End hI: t~emdjd it for mi:] el mi I-a schimbat.
12
Completati propozitiile urmatoare cu cuvintele noi:
Zece litri, va rog. - Ten >Iitres, please.
Mecanicul mi-a reparat franele (de la ma~ina). -The mechanic fixed my (car) >brakes.
Ai doua cauciucuri uzate. - You have two worn out >tyres.
Nu ~tiu care este problema. - I don't know what the >trouble is.
Cat costa acest motor? - How much is this >engine?
Ea conduce 0 ma~ina de depanare auto. - She drives a >breakdown van.
Ai nevoie de un alt fel de ulei. - You need another kind of >oiL
Unde putem parca aceste camioane? - Where can we park these >Iorries?
Benzina este scumpa in aceasta tara. - >Petrol is expensive in this country.
Acest acumulator nu functioneaza. - This >battery is out of order.
Este aici un mecanic care sa rna ajute? - Is there a >mechamc to help me?
Folose~te indicatoarele! - Use the >mdicators!
Traduceti cuvintele urmatoare in limba engleza:
motor > engine
indicator > indicator
necaz, neplacere > trouble
acumulator > battery
litru > litre
depanare auto > breakdown van
cauciuc, pneu > tyre
friina > brake
ulei > 011
carburant > petrol
camlon > lorry
mecanic > mechanic
Sa ne intoarcem la comparatia adjectivelor ~i adverbelor.
Ciind compariim substantive, superioritatea se exprimii prin forma de comparativ precedatii de

articolul hotiiriit the:
This is the cheaper of > [DZis iz DZa t~i:par av - Dintre cele doua ma~ini aceasta
the two cars. DZa ttl" ka 'z] este mai ieftini.
Is this the taller of > [IZDZis DZa to:la' '1\ - Dintre cele doua cladiri aceasta
the two buildings? DZa tu: bildlll(g)z] este mai inalti?
13
Cre~terea sau descre~terea progresiva se exprima prin utilizarea repetata a gradului comparativ al
adjectivului sau adverbului, legate prin conjunctia and:
The car moved faster > [DZakd:'mu:vdfasta' - Ma~ina mergea din

and faster. End fa:sta'] ce in ce mai repede.
Petrol is becoming more > [petIallz blkamin(g) rna:' - Benzina e din ce in ce

and more expensive. End mar Ikspenslv] mai scumpa.
They talked less and > [IYel to kt les End - Ei au vorbit din ce in ce
less quietly. les kUaiath] mai tare.
Ei devin din ce in ce mai bogati. > They are becoming ncher and ncher.
Dintre cei doi baieti el este mai mare. > He is the older of the t\\ a boys.
Ei au vorbit din ce in ce mai tare. > They were talking loudhel and loudher.
Dintre cele doua intrebari aceasta este > Th,:; is the more difficult questIOn
mai dificila. of the two.
Acum iata cateva adjective noi. Cititi euvintele eu voce tare ~i retineti sernnificatia lor in limba
romana:
spare > [spear] - de rezerva, suplimentar, liber
left > [ldt] - stang, din stanga
rear > rna'] - spate, dos, din spate
economical > l J: kanOlTII kal] - economie(os); eeonom
reliable > [nla/abl] - dernn de incredere, sigur
front > [frant] - partea din fataJ(de) dinainte, fata
broken > [blaukn] - sfiiramat, spart, strieat
Sa folosim cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi-l cu atentie:
A: Can you see my new car?

B: No, which one is yours?
A: This one. It is the most reliable car in Europe.
B: Is it also economical?
A: Oh, yes. It doesn't use much petrol.
B: Did they give you a spare tyre?
A: Yes, they did. And they also gave me the front and rear lights.
B: But look, the left indicator is broken.
A: Oh, yes! I didn't see that.
14
Acum vom traduce fiecare propozitie In parte. Cititi-le cu atentie ~i exersati pronuntia:
Can you see my new car? > [kEn ILl: si: mai t1lU: ka:'] - Vezi ma~ina mea cea noua?
No, which one is yours? > l n:JLl Ult~ "an iz IO:'Z] - Nu, care este a ta?
This one. > [D'is "an] - Aceasta.
It is the most reliable car > [It IZ D/a maust nlaIabl ka: f - Este cea mai sigura m~ina
in Europe. in lUafap] din Europa.
Is it also economical? > [iz It o:lsau l:kanomlkill] - Este ~i economicoasa?
Dh, yes. It doesn't > l allieS it daznt - Dh, da. ~i nu consuma

use much petrol. flU mat~ petral] multa benzina.
Did they give you > l did D/ci giv Ill. - Ti-au dat cauciuc
a spare tyre? a spea' tala'] de rezerva?
Yes, they did. And they also > [Ies D/ei did End DZel o:lsau - Da. ~i mi-au dat
gave me the front and gelV ml: D'il frant End ~i farurile din fata
rear lights. ria r lalts] ~i din spate.
But look, the left indicator > [bat luk DZa left indlkelta r - Dar prive~te, indicatorul din
is broken. iz hriiukn J stanga este spart.
Dh, yes! I didn't see that. > [au It:S al didnt 51. D/Et] - A, da. Nu am observat asta.
Poti sa-mi dai cauciucul tau de rezerva? - Can you give me your > spare tyre?
Ma~inile devin din ce in ce mai sigure. - Cars are becoming more and more >reliable.
Toate farfuriile erau sparte. - All the plates were >broken.
E ceva in ochiul lui stang. - There is something in his >left eye.
Care este cea mai economicoasa ma~ina? - Which is the most >economical car?
Cauciucul din spate din dreapta e din ce in ce - The right >rear tyre is getting worse
mai prost. and worse.
Farurile din fata nu functioneaza. - The >tront lights are out of order.
stang > left
(de) rezerva > spare
economicos > cl'onornJcal
sraramat > broken
15
din spate > rear
demn de incredere > relIable
partea din fata > front
Ati vazut deja cum se folose~te verbul "to do" ca verb auxiliar la formarea propozitiilor interogative
~i negative.
In unele situafii verbul auxiliar to do se folose:;te :;i in propozifii afirmative pentru a accentua 0
afirmafie sau verbul principal. In aceste situafii verbul auxiliar va fi accentuat:

Do come and visit me! - Vino ~i viziteaza-ma (insist)!
Do sit down! - Staijos (daca iti spun)!
I can tell you that he does work. - Pot sa-ti spun ca ellucreaza (intr-adevar).
Do listen to me! - Asculta-ma!
In limba romana aceasta accentuare a verbului principal se reda prin cuvintele: intr-adeviir, trebuie,
neapiirat etc. De exemplu:
Neaparat vino ~i viziteaza-ma!

Trebuie sa stai jos!
Pot sa-ti spun ca el intr-adevar lucreaza!
la masa cu noi! > Do have dinner with us!
EI a citit aceasta carte. > He did read this book.
Ea a invatat mult. > She did learn a lot.

Ajuta-ma! > Do help me!
to fill up [tu fil ap] - a umple, a ocupa (un post liber),

a completa (un formular)
to check [tu tgek] - a controla, a verifica
to repair [tu npca r] - a repara, a indrepta
to brake [tu bretk] - a frana
to accelerate [tu aksclarett] - a accelera
to overtake [tu auvartctk] - a ajunge din urma, a depa~i
Formele verbului "to overtake":
overtake overtook overtaken

> [auvartctk] > [auvartuk] > [auvartclkn]
16
lata verbele noi In propozitii. Cititi cu voce tare:
Will you fill it up, please? > [lIIlIU: fit it ap pli:z] - Imi faceti plinul, va rog?
Have you checked the oil? > [hEv iu: t~ekt D'i oil] - Ati controlat uleiul?
They repaired the bus > [DZei ripca'd D'a bas - Au reparat autobuzul
in a hurry. III a hari] In graM.
Did you brake in time? > [did iu: breik in t3lm] - Ai franat la timp?
The car accelerated easily. > [D'a ka:' akselareitld i:Zlli] - Ma~ina a aceelerat eu u~urinta.
They overtook us near > [DZel auva'tuk as nia' - Ne-au depa~it aproape de
Bucharest. bukarestJ Bucure~ti.
Completati propozitiile In limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor recent Invatate:
Ma~ina lui este reparata Intotdeauna - His car is always >repalred

de acela~i mecanic. by the same mechanic.
Cine a Iacut plinul? - Who has >filled it up?
Ellncearca sa 0 depa~easca. - He is trying to >overtake her.
Indieatoarele au fost verificate de catre mine. - The indicators have been >checked by me.
Accelereaza frumos. - It >accelerates beautifully.
Ai franat vreodata pe un drum alunecos? - Have you ever >braked on a slippery road?
Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoare1e verbe:
a depa~i > to overtake
a verifica > to check
a acce1era > to accelerate
a repara > to repair
a ump1e > to fill up
a frana > to brake
Sa ne intoarcem din nou 1a folosirea verbului "to do":
Verbul to do se folose~te ~i in urmiitoarele cazuri:
L Pentru a evita repetarea verbului principal alpropozifiei, cu excep!ia verbelor to be, to have
~ia verbelor auxiliare modale.
She works as hard as > [~l: Ua:'ks Ez ha:'d Ez - Munce~te la fe1 de mu1t
you do. Ill: du:] ca ~i tine.
17
He writes as beautifully > [h I. ralts Ez blU. tJ tali - Scrie la fel de frumos
as his father did. Ez hlz fa DZa f did} ca ~i tatallui.
Who knows this man? > [hu: nauz DZls mEn - Cine-l cunoa~te pe acest om?
I do. aI du:} Eu (il cunosc).
2. Cu ajutorullui. ne putem referi la verbul menfionat anterior:
I asked him to repair > [al a·skt him tu ripea f - L-am rugat sa repare ma~ina
the car and he did so. DZa ka: f End hi: did sau] ~i el a facut-o (a reparat-o).
We told them to leave > [Ui: tauld D'em tu li:v - Le-am spus sa pIece in lini~te
quietly and they did so. kUaiatli End DLei dId sau] ~i a~a au facut.
She told him to wait > [~l:tauld hun tu Uelt - Ea i-a spus sa a~tepte
but he didn't. bat he didnt} dar el nu a a~teptat.
Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Am cumparat la fel de putin ca ~i el. > 1 bought as little as he did.
El vorbe~te la fel de repede ca ~i tine. > He talks as fast as you do.
EI ne-a rugat sa spunem totul ~i a~a am facut. > He asked us to say everything and we did so.
L-am rugat sa vina devreme ~i a~a a facut. > I asked hun to come early and he did so.
Ultimul exercitiu allectiei sintetizeaza intregul material invatat. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Aceasta inventie este interesanta. > ThiS inventIOn is exciting.
Aceasta sarcina este (una) dificila. > ThiS task IS a difficult one.
Filmul a fost foarte dezamagitor pentru mine. > The film was very disappomting for me.
Am vizitat multe tari straine, dar Danemarca > I VISited many foreIgn countries, but Denmark
a fost cea mai frumoasa. was the most beautiful one.
Slujba mea devine din ce in ce mai obositoare. > My Job IS gettmg more and more tiring.
EI a vazut multe tilme, dar i-au placut > lie sa~ lllany films but he only liked
numai cele engleze~ti. the English ones.
L-am rugat sa vina cu mine la teatru > I asked hun to go to the theatre With me
~i a venit. and he did so.
EI se mi~ca mai incet deciit tine. > He mo\ es more quietly than you do.
Aceasta situatie este (una) ingrijoratoare. > ThIS situatIOn IS an alarming one.
Lupta lui a fast (una) inutila. > H1S struggle ~as a useless one.
18
Motoarele devin din ce in ce mai > The engines are getting more and more
economicoase. economical.
Ea depa~e~te tot atat de multe ma~ini ca ~i tine. > She overtakes as many cars as you do.
Acest mecanic este (unul) de incredere. > This mechaJ1lc IS a J eltable one.
Care dintre cauciucurile din fata este mai vechi? > Which is the older of the front lyres?
L-am rugat sa a~tepte ma~ina de depanare auto > J asked him to walt for the breakdown van
~i a~a a mcut. and he (IJd so.
Ai schimbat cauciucurile din fata, dar care > You have changed the front tyres, but what
e situatia cu cele din spate? about the rear ones"
Urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Literele ingro~ate din cuvintele de pe 0 coloana desemneaza sunete
identice:
[al] [en] [Cl] [a:]
hide where play alarm
spy repair brake remarkable

"-
tyre there day task
try pair say ask
19
, 21
21.1. Participiul
Daca la fonna de infinitiv scurt (Tara "to") a verbului adaugam tenninatia ,,-ing", obtinem
participiul, care poate functiona ca adjectiv:
This job is exhausting. - Aceasta munca este epuizanta.
The difference is striking. - Diferenta este frapanta.
21.2. Propozitia circumstantiala de timp are 0 structura identica cu cea a propozitiei conditionale de
tipul I.
Ea poate fi introdusa de unnatoarele conjunqii:

when - cand
as soon as - de indata ce
after - dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior
before - inainte, dinaintea, altadata
Verbul din propozitia introdusa de conjunqiile mentionate se afla la timpul prezent simplu
(Simple Present):
He will buy the car as soon as - El va cumpara ma~ina de indata
he gets the money. , ce obtine banii.
1 will have dinner before I go to him. - Voi cina inainte sa merg la el.
21.3. One
In cazul unor comparatii sau repetitii, substantiveIe pot fi inlocuite in propozitie de pronumele
nehotarat "one". Utilizarea lui este obligatorie alaturi de adjective ~i in multe cazuri adjectivul
este precedat de articolul hotarat:
I have two red chairs and a white one. - Am doua scaune ro~ii ~i unul alb.
They have two cars. He wants the - Ei au doua ma~mi. El 0 vrea pe cea
blue one. albastra.
Pronumele nehotarat one poate sa apara ~i la plural:
Have you ever seen cheaper ones? - Ai vazut vreodata unele mai ieftine?
I like these black ones. - Imi plac acestea negre.
21.4. Comparatia adjectivelor ~i adverbelor:
21.4.1. In cazul comparatiei referitoare la accea~i trasatura a doua substantive, superioritatea

se exprima prin gradul comparativ precedat de articolul hotarat "the":
This is the cheaper of the - Dintre cele doua ma~ini aceasta
two cars. este mai ieftina.
20
21.4.2. Cre~terea sau descre~terea progresiva se exprima prin repetarea formei de
comparativ a adjectivului sau adverbului, cele doua forme fiind legate prin
conjunqia "and":
The car moved faster and - Ma~ina mergea din ce In ce
faster. mai repede.
Petrol is becoming more and - Benzina e din ce In ce
more expensive. mai scumpa.
They talked less and less quietly. - Eu au vorbit din ce In ce mai aprins.
21.5. Verbul auxiliar to do
21.5.1. Verbul auxiliar "to do" se folosqte In propozitii afirmative pentru a accentua, a
sublinia 0 afirmatie sau pentru accentuarea verbului principal al propozitiei. Verbul
auxiliar va fi accentuat In pronuntie:
Do come and visit me! - Vino ~i viziteaza-ma neaparat!
21.5.2. Verbul "to do" se folose~te pentru Inlocuirea verhului principal deja cunoscut, cu
exceptia verbelor "to be, to have" ~i a verbelor auxiliare modale:
She works as ~ard as you do. - Munce~te la fel de mult ca ~i tine.
21.5.3. Cu ajutorul verbului "to do" ne putem referi la verhul folosit anterior In propozitie:
I asked him to repair the car - L-am rugat sa repare ma~ina
and he did so. ~i el a Iacut-o.
Urmarind exemplul de mai sus putem ohserva ca folosirea verhului "to do" poate
aduce ~i informatii suplimentare.
21
A. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba romiina:
1. Which is the more exciting of these two films?
2. The fast ones are very expensive.
3. You will move as soon as your room is ready.
4. Do invite her for dinner!
5. We smoke as little as they do.
6. It is getting more and more cloudy.
B,.. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza:
1. L-am rugat sa aleaga ~i el a Iacut-o.
2. Dati-mi, va rog, pe cea economicoasa.
3. El cii~tiga mai putin deciit ea.
4. Este sigura aceasta roata de rezerva?
5. Dupa ce termini de citit, vei repara biblioteca.
6. Ma viziteaza din ce in ce mai des.
C. Corectati gre~elile din fiecare propozitie: %
1. This is a useles task. .~~-

2%
2. I drink less than he do.
8%
3. The red one are sweeter.
4%
4. After she will finish school she will be a teacher. 1% . J
5. Is the engine accelerating good? 2%
22
,.. ,..
LECTIA
, 22 PARTEA INTAI
Sa lnvatam ciiteva cuvinte din domeniul bancar:
account > [akauntJ - cont, factura, nota

de plata
cheque > [t~ek] - cec
instalment > [insto:lmant] - rata, plata in rate
loan > [Htlm] - imprumut
rate of interest > [reit av intrist] - rata dobiinzii, dobiinda
coin > [koinj - moneda
form > [fo:rm] - formular
information > [infamei~n] - informatii
balance > [bEUms] - balanla, bilanl, echilibru,

sold
withdrawal > [UiDzdro:al] - retragere, ridicare de bani
deposit > [dipozit] - depozit, depunere

(la banca)
Repetati cuvintele noi ~i intr-o alta ordine:
withdrawal > [ lI iD zdro:al] - retragere, ridicare de bani
I~ -
coin > [koin] -moneda
2% 8 % 0'0 10,7% 2/5 loan > [laun] - imprumut

J% 9.7:A il ,0 9 % 2,~
J\.
4~ <A.
1~ • ~ 10
'~_1_,6_0/0
3,9 %
7,6_%
5,9%
2/4
2,1
account > [akaunt] - cont, factura, nota
de plata
deposit > l dipozit] - depozit, depunere

(la banca)
instalment > [insto:lmant] - rata, plata In rate
rate of interest > rreit av intrist] - rata dobiinzii, doMnda
information > [infamei~n] - informatii
cheque > [t~ek] - cec
form > [fo:rm] - formular
balance > lbElans] - balanla, bilant, echilibru,

sold
23
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:
I have an account in a > [al hEy an akaunt In a - Am un cont la 0 banca

reliable bank. nlalabl bEnk] de incredere.
Do you want money > [du IU: Uont mani - Vreti bani sau un cec?
or a cheque? 0:' a t~ek]
You can pay in instalments. > [1U: kEn pel in Insto:lmants] - Poti plati in rate.
Can I get a loan here? > [kEn ai get a loun hla'] - Pot obtine aici un imprumut?
The rate of interest is high. > [DZa relt ov intnst iz hat] - Rata dobfmzii este ridicata.
Do you take coins? > [du 1U: telk kotnz] - Acceptati bani marunti (monede)?
You need these forms. > [iu: m:d DZI.Z fo:'mz] - Ai nevoie de aceste formulare.
ThiE. is useful information. > [DZIs iz lU:sfal mfamei~n] - Sunt informatii utile.
Is my balance high enough? > [IZ mal bElans hai ina£] - Este suficient de mare
soldul meu?
He made a withdrawal. > [hI: meld a uIDzdro:al] - EI a ridicat bani.
She makes weekly deposits. > [~I: melks ui:kh dipozits] - Ea face depuneri saptamanal.
Completati propozitiile cu cuvintele care lipsesc. Cititi textul cu voce tare:
Rata dobanzii cre~te. - The> rate of interest is rising.
Pentru ce este acest formular? - What is this> form for?
Azi voi ridica bani. - I will make a> withdrawal today.
24
De cat timp ai un cont? - How long have you had an >account?
I-am dat un cec. - I gave him a >cheque.
Aceasta este prima mea depunere. - This is my first >deposlt.
Unde este bilantul? - Where is the >balance?
Avem nevoie de mai multe informatii. - We need more >information.
Avem nevoie de acest imprumut. - We need this >loan.
Aceasta este ultima rata. - This is the last >instalment.
El vrea sa schimbe aceste monede. - He wants to change these >coins.
Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza:
rata > instalment
moneda > coin

sold > balance
retragere > withdrawal
formular > form
depunere > deposit
rata dobanzii > rate of interest
cont > account
cec > cheque
informatie > information

imprumut > loan
in limba englezii existii mai multe substantive care nu au plural; ele sunt urmate de un verb la
persoana a IIl-a singular. in limba romiinii unele se traduc la singular, altele la plural.
Urmariti substantivele de mai jos ~i retineti intelesullor:
business > [bizllls] - afacere, treaba

furniture > [Ia:rnit~ar] - mobilier, mobila
progress > [praugres] -progres
strength > [stren(g)TS] - putere, forta, tarie
revenue > [revamu:] - venit, in special din impozit
merchandise > [ma:rt~andaiz] -marfa
property > [proparti] - proprietate, avere
lata ~i alte substantive:
information > [infamel~n] - informatii

money > [mam] -bani
news > [nlU.z] - ~tire, noutate, veste/~tiri,
noutati, ve~ti
25
lata aceste substantive in propozitii:
Business is good this year. > [biznIS IZ gud O'lS ila'] - Afacerile merg bine anul acesta.
The furniture was cheap. - Mobila a fost ieftina.
Little progress was made. > [liti praugres uoz meld] - S-a progresat putin.
Her strength was exhausted. > [ha:' stren(glp u oz Igzo:stic] - (Ea) era la capatul puterilor.
The revenue is high enough. > [DZa revanlU: 1Z hal maf] - Impozitul este destul de ridicat.
This merchandise is ready. > [DZIs ma.'t~andalz IZ redl] - Aceasta marta este gata.
They lost all their property. > [DZei lost 0 1 D/ei T propaTti] - ~i-au pierdut toata averea.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele care lipsesc. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare ~i fiti
atenti la pronuntie:
Aceasta mobila este noua? - Is this >furniture new?
Impozitul a crescut. - The >rcvenue has risen.
EI are avere mare? - Has he much >property?
Este destul de puternic pentru aceasta munca? - Has he enough >strength for this work?
Facem 0 multime de afaceri cu ei. - We do a lot of>busmess with them.
S-au tacut multe progrese? - Has there been much >progress?
Au cumparat marfa la pret redus. - They bought the >merchandlse at discount.
lata acum ciiteva verbe noi. Urmariti semnificatia lor in limba romiina:
to cash > [tu kE~] - a ridica 0 suma, a plati in numerar
to lend > [tLl lend] - a imprumuta, a da cu imprurnut
to borrow > [tu borauJ - a imprumuta, a lua cu imprumut
to fill in >[tu film] - a completa (un formular,

chestionar... )
to withdraw > [tll UiD! dlO ] - a retrage, a lua inapoi, a scoate,

a ridica bani
to deposit > [tll dlpOZIt] - a depune
to learn >[tula'n] - a Invata, a afla
to call (to) > [tu ko 1] - a chema, a striga, a denumi,

a boteza
26
Unele dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. lata fonnele lor:
fonna I forma a II-a fonna a III-a
lend > [ lend] lent > [lent] lent > [ lent]
withdraw > [\liD'dro:] withdrew > [\liDzdru.] withdrawn > [\lIDzdro:n]
learn > [la:'n] learnt > [la.lnt] learnt > [la:'nt]
Sa folosim verbele invatate in propozitii:
She cashed the cheque. > [~i. kE~t DZa t~ek I - Ea a incasat cecul.
He has lent us the money. > [hI: hEz lent as IYa marJlj - El ne-a imprumutat banii.
~ We borrowed less last year. > [\II: boraud les la:st Ila'] - Noi am imprumutat mai putin
anul trecut.
Have you filled in the fonn? > [hEy w: fild in {)fa fa.'m] - Ai completat fonnularul?
What did you learn yesterday? > ["at dId III la:'11 Icsta'dcI] - Ce-ai invatat ieri?
They withdrew all their > [DZel u1Dzdru: 0:1 Dzei' - ~i-au retras toti banii.
money. mani]
How much have you > [hall mats h[ v lU: - Cat ai depus?
deposited? dipoZllld]
We called the cat Blinky. > [Ui: ko. ld D/a kEt blin(g)ki] - Am botezat-o Blinky pe pisica.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza:
Vrei sa depui multi bani? - Do you want to > deposltmuch?
Inca nu l-ai completat. - You haven't> filledit in yet.
Noi am imprumutat multi bani de la el. - We have> borroweda lot of money from him.
Ai invatat cum se repara asta? - Have you> karnlhow to repair it?
Ce ti-a strigat? - What did she> callto you?
Completati, va rag, acest fonnular pentru - Fill in this fonn to > wlthdrawmoney, please.
ridicarea banilor.
Ai incasat deja acest cec? - Have you> cashed this cheque already?
Cu cat te-a imprumutat? - How much did he > lend you?
27
Traduceti unnatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
a retrage, a ridica bani > to wIthdraw

a chema > to call
a incasa, a schimba in bani (un cec) > to cash

a completa (un formular) > to fill In
a invata >-to learn
a depune > to depOSIt
ada imprumut (cuiva) > to lend
a lua imprumut (de la) > to borrow
Acum sa ne intoarcem la problema verbelor terminate in ,,-ing".
Aceastti 0 formti a verbului desemneazti substantivul format din verb. in propozi{ii ea are roluri
specijice substantivului dar i~i ptistreazti ~i caracterul verbal, datorittifaptului cti cere prepozi{iile $i
cazurile specijiceformei de bazti a .verbului. in limba englezti aceasttiformti a verbului cu termina(ia
,,-ing" se nume~te gerund [dJerand].
Inainte de a analiza caracteristicile acestei forme verbale, iata cateva exemple. Cu ajutorullor putem
observa ca aceasta forma a verbului se traduce in limba romana printr-un substantiv sau un verb la
infinitiv.
Smoking is bad for you. - Fumatul este daunator (pentru

dumneavoastra).
Is flying dangerous? - Zborul este periculos?
Before leaving he wrote a short letter. - Inaintea de a pleca el a scris 0 scrisoare scurtii.
You can learn something by doing it. - Poti sa inveti ceva fiicind (asta).
Ca orice substantiv gerunziul poate sti aparti in propozi(ie ca:
1. Subiect:
Walking in the woods is nice. - Plimbarea in padure este placuta.
Eating too much is not good for you. - A minca prea mult nu-ti face bine.
2. Dupti prepozi(ii:
They talked about going to the cinema. - Au vorbit despre faptul ca merg la cinema.
What do you think about buying a dog? - Ce parere ai despre cumpirarea unui caine?
A te uita la TV poate fi obositor. > WatchIng TV can be tIrIng.
Nu-mi place sa ~terg pe jos. > I don't Itke dusting the floors.
Solicitarea unui loc de munca este epuizanta. > ApplyIng for a Job IS exhaustmg.
Ne giindim sa concediem zece angajati. > We are thmkmg about firIng ten employees.
28
Sa invatam ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i retineti sensullor in limba romana:
prepared > [pripeard] - pregatit, gata (de, sa)
safe > [seif] - sigur, lipsit de pericol,

in siguranta
present > [prezant] - prezent, actual
sure > [~uar] - sigur, convins
previous > [pri:vJas] - anterior, prealabil, precedent
risky > [riski] - riscant, periculos
We are prepared to pay > [Ui' a: r pripeard tu pei - Suntem gata sa platim
in cash. in kE~] in numerar.
Is it safe to deposit money > liz It selftu dlpozit mani - Este sigur sa depui bani
with that bank? UiD' DzEt bEnk] la banca aceea?
What is the present rate > ["ot iz D'a prezant reit - Care este rata actuala
of interest? ov intrist] a dobiinzii?
Are you sure that your > [a: r IU: ~uaf D'Et io: f - E~ti sigur ca soldul tau este
balance is high enough? bElans iz hai inaf] indeajuns de ridicat?
When was your previous > [Uen Uoz io: f pri:vias - Ciind ai ridicat bani
withdrawal? uiDzdro:al] ultima oara?
Lending them money > [Iendin<g) D'em mani - Este riscant sa Ie dai bani
is risky. iz riski] cu imprumut.
E~ti sigur ca ai un cont aici? - Are you> sure you have an account here?
Ultima mea depunere a fost mica. - My >previous deposit was small.
E~ti pregatit sa pHite~ti in numerar? - Are you > prepared to pay cash?
Acest imprumut este foarte riscant. - This loan is very >risky.
Cecurile sunt mai sigure deciit bancnotele. - Cheques are >safer than bills.
Soldul actual este foarte scazut. - The >present balance is very low.
29
Traduceli cuvintele in limba engleza:
sigur > sure

pregatit, gata (de) > prepared
riscant > nsky
prezent > present
sigur, in siguranla > safe
precedent > previous
Sa ne intoarcem la pluralul substantivelor.
Daca substantivul este precedat de un numeral, altul dedit unu, atunci substantivul este la plural:
We waited for one and a half hours. - Am a~teptat 0 ora ~i jumatate.
They have lived here for three years. - Loeuiesc aici de trei ani.
He is ten years old. - EI are zece ani.
Daca substantivul are semnificafie de plural atunci trebuie safie la plural:
In that accident they lost their lives. - In acel accident ~i-au pierdut viata.
We all drove our own cars. - Fiecare ~i-a condus ma~ina.
We all bought our own tickets. - Noi toti ne-am cumparat biletele proprii.
Forma de gerunziu sefolose!jte in urmatoarele cazuri:
1. Dupii anumite verbe:
They stopped working after a few hours. - Ei au incetat lucml dupa cateva ore.
Do you like swimming? - Ili place sa inoli? (Ili place inotul?)
2. Cu urmiitoarele expresii:
it is no use - nefolositor, rara rost, nu are rost
it is worth - (care) merita
It is no use talking to him. - Nu are rost sa vorbim eu el.
The book is worth reading. - Cartea merita sa fie citita.
Traduceli urmatoarele propozilii in limba engleza:
Lor Ie place sa bea cafea? ])0 they lIke drinkll1g coffee?

Aceasta ma~ina merita sa fie cumparata. This car IS worth buying.
Nu are rost sa iei asta acum. It's no use takmg It now.
EI tocmai s-a oprit din scris. He has just stopped wrIting.
30
In incheire sa recapitulam toate problemele gramaticale discutate. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii
in limba engleza:
Dupa completarea formularelor am primit banii. > After filling m the forms we got the money.
Aceste inforrnatii sunt demne de incredere. > This informatIOn is relJable.
II vei suna pe fratele meu? > Will you call my brother?
Poti plati ma~ina in rate. > You can pay the car in instalments.
Imi place sa fac afaceri cu el. > I lIke to do business with him.
Noi toti am folosit bicicletele proprii. > We all used our own bicycles.
E~ti sigur ca este riscant sa Ie > Are you sure that lending them
imprumutam bani? money is risky?
Este u~or sa faci 0 depunere. > Making a: deposit is easy.
~tii care este rata actuala a dobanzii? > Do you know the present rate of mterest?
Poti face asta vanzand proprietatea tao > You can do it by selling your property.
Nu-mi place sa iau cu imprumut. > I don't like borrowing.
Cati oameni ~i-au pierdut viata? > How many people lost then lives'!
Am avut un cont aici timp de zece ani. > I have had an account here for ten years.
EI a incasat cecul in urrna cu > He cashed the cheque one

o luna ~i jumatate. and a half months ago.
lar acum urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Cuvintele de pe acee~i coloana au un sunet identic, desemnat
de literele scrise ingro~at. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare:
[ E] [e] [a] [i: ]
cash lend trouble disease
bank cheque struggle previous
balance left cut scene
stamp twelve but seen
lamp engine sun been
31
LECTIA
Cititi cu atentie urmatorul dialog. Silabele ~i cuvintele accentuate sunt evidentiate prin caractere
speciale:
Barbara: John, do you often have to go to the bank?

John: I think so. Why do you ask that?
Barbara: Because sometimes there are many people there.
John: Yes, many people want to make a withdrawal or a deposit.
Barbara: And you must fill in forms before you can do something.
John: People try to write very fast because they have little time.
Barbara: The bank always want information, but that takes time, too.
John: But when you do the necessary things you leave the bank in a hurry.
Mary: Peter, don't you think that we still have time for shopping?
Peter: I don't know. The streets are still full of traffic and you cannot drive very fast.
Mary: And something is wrong with the car. It didn't accelerate well when I was driving home.
Peter: And you don't know what the trouble is, so you have to ask a mechanic to check
everything.
Mary: If the trouble is serious I have to call a breakdown van.
Mary: Peter, the mechanic just called and said that he had to put a new engine in our car, but is
that true?
Peter: I don't know. You know that some people are not reliable. They only want your money.
Mary: But we don't have enough money right now to pay for a new engine.
Peter: Then we have to borrow money, at a high rate of interest.
Mary: This shows how one bad thing can cause another.
Peter: Well, it is better not to worry too much.
Urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere In care vom recapitula materialu1 1ectii10r 21 ~i 22. Traduceti
propozitiile In limba engleza:
Seara trecuta noi am vazut 0 piesa emotionanta. > We saw a movll1g play last mght.
Ultima scena a fost una remarcabi1a. > The last scene was a very remarkable one.
Cateva inventii sunt nefo10sitoare. > Some inventIOns are useless.
Nu toate filmele sunt interesante. > Not all rtlms are exciting.
Dar mie imi plac cele bune. > But 1 like the good ones.
Tu te uiti la mai mu1te filme decat mine. > YOLI \\ a1ch mOle films than I cia.
32
L-am rugat pe mecanic sa verifice motorul > l asked the mechal1lc to check the engine
~i el a lacut-o. and he did so.
A~ putea sa-l depa~esc u~or. > I could overtake hIm easily.
Ma~inile straine devin din ce 'in ce mai ieftine. > Foreign cars are gettmg cheaper and cheaper.
Dintre cei doi baieti, el 'il 'intreaba pe cel > He IS asking the 01 der of the two boys
mai mare unde este banca. '" here the bank is.
EI nu ne-a putut da > He could not give us

informatiile necesare. the necessary mformation.
Ei au lacut plinul 'in graba. > They filled up the car m a hurry.
Este un motor foarte economic. > It is a very economIcal engme.
E~ti sigur ca acumulatorul nu functioneaza? > Are you sure the battery is out of order?
Este mai sigur sa nu accelerezi prea mult. > It is safer not to accelerate too fast.
Am vazut un politist prin geamul din spate. > I sa\, a policeman through the rear window.
Inainte sa repare frana, el a verificat > Before repainng the brake, he checked
indicatoarele. the indicators.
Nu este greu sa schimbi un cauciuc. > Changmg a tyre is not dit1icult.
EI a ales 0 ma~ina straina. > He has chosen a foreign car.
Noi Ie-am 'imprumutat ni~te ulei. > \Ve have lent them some OIl.
E~ti gata sa ajuti un spion? > Are you prcpared to help a spy?
Situatia este 'inca alarmanta? > Is the situatIon stIlI alarming?
Poti face asta 'inainte de a incasa cecul? > Can you do this before cashing the cheque?
Camioanele trebuie sa aiba frane foarte bune. > Lorries must have very good brakes.
Ei pot face asta lara toate > Thcy can do It without making
gesturile acestea. all these gcstures.
Vezi diferenta? > Can you see what the difference is?
Nu are rost sa te ascunzi. > It's no use hiding.
Merita sa cumparam un acumulator nou? > It is worth buying a new battery?
A devenit din ce 'in ce mai riscant. > It was getting riskier and riskier.
Am rugat-o sa ridice bani ~i ea a Iacut-o. > I asked her to withdraw money and she did so.
Am vrut sa cumparam 0 ma~ina ~i am ales-o > We wanted to buy a car and we chose
pe cea economica. the economical onc.
Dintre cele doua, cea ieftina este > The cheaper of the two is the more
cea mai sigura. reliable one.
33
Controleaza neaparat ~i uleiul! > Do check the OIl!
Aceasta este ultima rata, dar cand au fost > This IS the last Instalment, but when were
cele anterioare? the prevIOus ones')
Este important sa avem 0 roata de rezerva. > It IS Important to have a spare tyre.
Trebuie sa alegem i'ntre a scoate bani > We must choose between withdraWIng money
~i a-i i'mprumuta. and borrowlllg it.
Iti poti vinde proprietatea. > Yau can sell your property.
Ea s-a lasat de fumat saptamana trecuta. > She gave up smoking last week.
Patru oameni ~i-au pierdut viata. > Four people lost their lIves.
"Changing a tyre is not difficult."
34
, 22
22.1. in limba engleza exista mai multe substantive care nu au forma de plural ~i alaturi de care
verbul se folose~te la persoana a Ill-a singular. in limba romana unele sunt traduse prin forme
de singular, altele prin forme de plural:
business - afacere, treaba, treburi
furniture - mobilier, mobila
22.2. Gerunziul (substantive formate din verbe cu terminatia ,,-ing")
22.2.1. Ca orice substantiv la fel ~i gerunziul apare in propozitie ca :
I. Subiect al propozitiei:
Walking in the woods is nice. - Plimbarea in padure este placuta.
2. Dupa prepozitii:
They talked about going to - Au vorbit despre plecarea la

Bucharest. Bucure~ti.
22.2.2. Forma de gerunziu 0 folosim:

I. Dupa anumite verbe:
They stopped working after a - Au incetat sa lucreze dupa
few hours. cateva ore.
2. Cu urmatoarele expresii:
it is no use - nu are rost
it is worth - merita sa (00')
It is no use talking to him. - Nu are rost sa vorbim cu el.
The book is worth reading. - Cartea merita citita.
22.3. Daca substantivul este precedat de un numeral "mai mare decat unu", atunci substantivul
apare la plural:
We waited for one and a half hours. - Am a~teptat 0 ora ~i jumatate.
They have lived here for three years. - Locuiesc aici de trei ani.
He is ten years old. - EI are zece ani.
Daca substantivul are semnificatie de plural atunci trebuie sa primeasca ~i forma de plural:
In that accident they lost their lives. - ~i-au pierdut viata in acel accident.
35
I. My previous job was filling in forms.
2. It's no use withdrawing all that money.
3. When did you make your last withdrawal?
4. I think borrowing money is risky.
5. Are you sure there is enough revenue?
6. It is better to ask for information before depositing money.
I. Noi toti ne-am completat formularele.
2. Rata dobiinzii cre~te rapid.
3. E~ti gata sa-mi schimbi acest cec in bani?
4. In aceasta situatie poti sa dai bani cu imprumut.
5. Ei au retras multi bani din acest cont.
6. Imi place sa-mi verific des bilantul.
c. Corectati gre~elile din urmatoarele propozitii:
1. I want more informations.
2. Why have you lended them those books?
3. Is there many progress?
4. It is safer without to borrow.
5. Who withdrawed it?
36
Lista verbelor neregulate din lecpile 21 ~i 22
choose > [t~u:z] chose > [t~auz] chosen > [t~auzn]
hide > [hald] hid > [hid] hidden > [hidn]
learn > [Ia.ln] learnt > [la:fnt] learnt > [la:fnt]
lend > [lend] lent > [lent] lent > [lent]
strike > [stralk] struck > [strak] struck > [strak]
withdraw > [U1Dzdro:] withdrew > [UiDzdru'] withdrawn > [UiDzdro:n]
37
VOCABITLARUL LECTIILOR
, 21 SI
, 22
to accelerate > [tu akselarelt] - a accelera
account > [akaunt] - cont
to alarm > [tu ala.'m] - a alarrna
as soon as > [Ez su:n Ez] - de indata ce
balance > [bElans] - balanta, bilant, echilibru, sold
battery > [bEtan] - baterie, acumulator
to borrow > [tu borau] - a imprumuta, a lua imprumut
brake > [brelk] - frana
to brake > [tu brelk] - a frana
breakdown van > [brelkdaun yEn] - ma~ina de depanare auto
broken > [braukn] - sfiiramat, spart, stricat
business > [biznis] - afacere, treaba
to call (to) > [tuko:l] - a chema, a striga, a denumi,
a boteza
to cash > [tu kE~] - a incasa, a schimba un cec in bani,
a plati in numerar
catching > [kEt~lll(g)] - molipsitor, contagios
to check > [tu t~ek] - a controla, a verifica
cheque > [t~ek] - cec (bancar)
to choose > [tu t~u:z] - a alege, a selecta
coin > [korn] - moneda, bani
deposit > [dlpozit] - depozit, depunere, bani pu~i
la banca
to deposit > [tu dlpOZlt] - a depune, a depozita
to disappoint > [tu dlsapornt] - a dezamagi, a deceptiona
disease > [dlzi:z] - boala, maladie
economical > [J:kanomikal] - econom, economicos
engine > [endJln] - motor
to excite > [tu Iksalt] - a provoca, a emotiona
exciting > [lksaltll1(g)] - interesant, captivant
to exhaust > [tu Igzo st] - a epuiza, a istovi
exhausting > r Igzo.stm(g)] - epuizant, istovitor
to fill in > [tu fil m] - a completa (un formular,
chestionar etc.)
to fill up > [tu fil ap] - a umple, a ocupa (un post liber),
a pune (benzina in rezervor)
38
foreign > [forin] - strain, din alta tara
form > [fo:fm] - formular
front > [ frant] - partea din fata, front, fata
furniture > [ fii:fnit~af] - mobilier, mobila
gerund > [djerand] - gerunziu (substantiv format
din verb)
gesture > [ dJest~afJ - gest
to hide > [tu hald] - a ascunde, a acoperi
indicator > [indikelta f] - indicator (de directie, etc), aparat

de masura/control
information > [inIamei~n ] - informatii
instalment > [ insto:lmant] - rata, plata in rate
to invite > [tu invalt] - a invita
inviting > [ invaitin(g)] - imbietor, ispititor, ademenitor,
tentant
it's no use > [its nau iu:z] - n-are rost
to learn > [tu la:fn] - a invata, a afla
left > [left] - stang, din stanga
to lend > [tu lend] - a imprumuta, a da cu imprumut
litre (USA liter) > [ li:ta r ] - litru
loan > [ laun] -imprumut
lorry > [Ion] - camion
merchandise > [ma:ft~andaiz ] - marIa
to move > [tu mu:v] - a se mi~ca, a se muta, a se deplasa,
a emotiona
movmg > [mu:vin(g)] - emotionant
oil > [011] - ulei
to overtake > [tu ouvafteik] - a ajunge din urma, a depa~i
person > [pa:fsn] - individ, persoana

petrol > [ petral] - benzina, carburant
play > [plei] - joc, piesa
prepared > [pripeafd] - pregatit, gata (de, sa)

present > [prezant] - prezent, actual
prevIous > [pri:vias] - anterior, prealabil, precedent

progress > [praugres] - progres, evolutie
property > [propafti] - proprietate, avere
rate of interest > [relt ov intnst] - rata dobanzii, dobanda
39
rear > [ria r] - (in/din) spate, dos, urma
reliable > [nlaiabl] - demn de Incredere, sigur
remarkable > [nma:rkabl] - remarcabil, deosebit
to repair > [tu npear] - a repara, a Indrepta
revenue > [revaniu:] - venit (anual), ca~tig(uri), beneficii
risky > [riski] - riscant, primejdios, periculos
safe > [ self] - sigur, lipsit de pericol, In siguranta
scene > [si:n] - scena, decor, peisaj
situation > [sitlUei~n ] - situatie, stare
spare
spy
strength
to strike
> [spear]
> [sPai]
> [stren(g)TS]
> [tu straik]
- de rezerva, suplimentar, liber
- splOn
- putere, forta, tarie
- a lovi, a izbi, a frapa, a ~oca
.. ~
striking > [stralkin(g)] - izbitor, frapant

struggle > [stragl] - lupta, ciocnire, Intrecere
sure > [~uar] - slgur
to surprise > [tu sapralz] - a surprinde, a uimi,
a lua prin surprindere
surprising > [sapralzin(gl] - surprinzator, nea~teptat
task > [ta:sk] - sarcina, Indatorire

to tire > [tu taia r] - a obosi
tiring > [taiarm(gl] - obositor, plictisitor
trouble > [trabl] - necaz, suparare, griji
tyre
useless
to withdraw
> [tad]
> [1U:slis]
> [tu uiDzdro:]
- pneu, anvelopa, cauciuc
- inutil, nefolositor, zadamic
- a retrage, a lua Inapoi, a scoate,
• .....
a ridica bani
withdrawal > [U1Dzdro:al] - retragere, ridicare de bani
worth > [Ua:TT'] - care merita
40
RECAPITULARE
1. Pronumele "what, how, whIch, whom, whose":
What do you want to do today? - Ce vrei sa faci astazi?
What flowers does she like most? - Care flori ji plac cel mai mult?
How fast IS this car? - Cat de rapida este aceasta ma~ina?
WhIch school IS the best? - Care este ~coala cea mai buna?
Whom did you see yesterday? - Pe cme ai vazut ieri?
Whose chlld is thIs? -- Al cui este acest copil?
2. Gerunziul:
Walkmg here is nIce. - E placut sa te plimbi aicl.
I don't like ironmg. - Nu-mi place sa calc (cu fierul).
They are talking about vlsltmg London. - EI vorbesc despre vizitarea Londrei.
LECTIA
, 23 PARTEA iNTAI
Poate ati studiat geografia, dar nu ati fost inca la 0 leqie de geografie tinuta
in limba engleza. Acum va invitam la 0 astfel de lectie:
earth, Earth > [a:rr] - pamant, Pamant (planeta)
continent > [kontinant] - continent
land > [l End] - uscat, pamant, camp, teren
valley > [ vEli] - vale
mountain > [mauntin] - munte
region > [ri:di~m] - regiune, tinut, zona
source > [so:rs] - izvor, sursa
canal > [kanEI] - canal
Europe > [iu:rap] - Europa
lake > [leik] - lac
ocean > [ ou~an] ,- ocean
sea > [si: ] - mare
harbour > [ha:rba r] - port
the Danube > [D'a dEniu:b] - Dunarea
fiver > [riva'] - rau, fluviu
Sa repetam acelea~i cuvinte intr-o alta ordine. Exersati pronuntia ~i memorati

intelesul lor:
valley > [ vEli] - vale
source > [so:rs] - izvor, sursa
earth, Earth > [a'r] - pamant, Pamant (planeta)
canal > [kanEl] - canal
Europe > [iu:rap] - Europa
continent > [kontinant] - continent
lake > [lcik] - lac
ocean > [ ou~an] - ocean
sea > [si: ] - mare
land > [I End] - uscat, pamant, camp, teren
harbour > [ha:'ba r] - port
mountain > [mauntin] - munte
the Danube > pYa dEniu:b] - DUll<irea
flver > I riva'] - rau, fluviu
2
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Fiti atenti la pronuntie ~i la traducerea in limba romana:
There are seven continents > [Olea' a:' sevn kontinants - Pe Pamant sunt ~apte
on the Earth. on D7 i a:'T S] continente.
I was happy when I saw the > [ai Uoz h Epi !len ai sou - Am fost fericit cand am vazut
land. Dla lEnd] uscatu!'
Our town is in a valley. > [aua' taun iz in a vEli] - Ora~ul nostru este intr-o vale.
Are there many mountains > [a:' Dlea' meni mauntinz - Sunt multi munti in Europa?
in Europe? in iu:rap]
What is the name ofthis > ["ot iz DZa neim ov DZis - Care este numele acestui
region? ri:djan] tinut ?
We want to find the source > [Ui: "ont tu faind D7a so :'s - Vrem sa gasim izvorul Dunarii.
of the Danube. ov D/a dEniu:b]
How wide is this canal? > [hau lI aid iz D 7is kanEI] -Cat de larg este acest canal?
We live next to a beautiful lake. > lUi: liv nekst tu a biu:tifal - Locuim langa un lac minunat.
leik]
What oceans do you know? > ["ot ou~anz du iu: nou] - Ce oceane cuno~ti?
I have never seen the sea. > [ai hEv neva' si:n D7a si:] - Nu am vazut niciodata marea.
Has Bucharest a harbour? > [hEz bukarest a ha:'ba r ] - Bucure~tiul are port?
This is a very narrow river. > [DZis iz a veri nErou riva"] - Acesta este un rau foarte
ingust.
"We want to find the source of the Danube"
3
NumeJe de ape sunt intotdeauna precedate de articolul hotarat "the".
Completati urmatoarele propozltll in hmba engleza folosind cuvIntele care hpsesc:
Oceanele sunt foarte man. - >Oceans are very big.
Aceasta informatle proVIne dIntr-o sursa buna. - This Infonnation IS from a good >source.
Romania are portun modeme? - Has RomanIa modem >harbours?
Acest animal trale~te pe uscat. - TIllS animal lives on the >land.
NOl am petrecut 0 saptamana in regiunea aceea. - We spent a week in that >region.
Pamantul este foarte mare? - Is the> Eal1h very large?
Multe annnale au neVOle de mare - Many animals need the >sea to live.
pentru a trai.
Sunt doar ciitlva munti in aceasta tara. - There are few> mountaInS in this country.
Acest canal este foarte ingust. - This >canalls very narrow.
Primavara valea Dunarii arata mInunat. - In spnng the> \ alley of the Danube
looks beautiful.
Continentul nostru se nume~te Europa. - Our > contInentIS called> Europe.
Ei s-au dus la lac cu autobuzul. - They went to the> lake by bus.
Acest diu este in Anglia? - Is this> n \ el In England?
Desigur ati retInut cuvIntele engleze~ti. Pentru a va veri fica, incercati sa Ie traduceti in limba engleza:
ocean > ocean munte > mountaIn
Dunarea > 1he Danube Izvor > saulee
rau > nver uscat > land
vale > valley pamant, > eatth, Earth

Pamant (planeta)
continent > contment Europa > Elllape
lac > lake mare > sea
canal > canal port > harbour
regiune, tinut > regIOn
Sa ne reintoarcem la problema gerunziului.
Vom invii!a diteva verbe dupii care utihzarea gerunziului este obhgatorie:
to hate > [tu helt] - a uri, a du~mani
to go on > [tu gou on] - a merge mai departe,

a continua
to finish > [Iu finiS] - a sfar~i, a tennina

4
to prefer > [tu prifa: T] - a prefera, a-i place (mai mult
dedit)
to continue > [tu kantiniu:] - a continua, a urma, a duce

mai departe
to give up >[tugivap] - a abandona, arenunta,

a se lasa (de)
lata cum se folosesc verbele impreuna cu "gerunziul":
Many children hate > [meni t~ildran heit - Multi copii urasc sa mearga
going to school. gauin(g) tu sku: I] la ~coala.
They went on working. > [DZei tlent on tla:Tkin fg )] - Au continuat sa lucreze.
Have you finished reading? > [hEv iu: fini~t ri:dm(gl] - Ai terminat de citit?
He prefers leaving early. > [hI: pnfa:Tz li:vin(g) a:Tli] - EI prefera sa piece devreme.
They continued learning. > [IYel kantiniu:d la:Tnin(gl] - Au continuat sa invete.
I have given up smoking. > tal hEv givn ap smaukin(g)] - M-am lasat de fumat.
Completati propozitiile engleze~ti cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor impreuna cu gerunziul:
Ea prefera sa mearga cu trenul. - She >prefers going by train.
Ei au continuat sa vorbeasca. - They >wcnt on talking.
Urasc sa rna scol devreme. - I >hate gctting up early.
Au continuat invatarea limbii engleze. - They >continued learning English.
Ai terminat de ~ters pe jos? - Have you >finished mopping the floor?
Nu pot sa renunt acum Ja cantat. - I can't >giyc up singmg now.
lar acum sa invatam cateYa cuvinte noi:
mam >[mem] - principal. esentiaJ
shallow >l~Elau] - putin adiinc, superficial
mountainous > [mauntinas] - muntos, de munte
deep > [di:pJ - adanc
vast > l va.st] - vast, foarte mare
flat >[nFt] - plat, intins, neted
5
Cititi cu atentie unmitorul dialog in care apar ~i cuvintele noi:
A: Where do you live?
B: I live in a mountainous region.
A: Do you live in the mountains?
B: No, in a valley.
A: Is it deep?
B: No, it is shallow, but very vast. And the source of the Danube is
in my valley.
A: Is the Danube the main river in Romania?
B: Yes, it is. And what about you? Where do you live?
A: I live in a flat region in the east of Romania.
Cititi separat fiecare propozitie. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:
Where do you live? > [Lll: a' du iu: liv] - Unde locuie~ti?
I live in a mountainous > [ai liv in a mauntinas - Locuiesc intr-o regiune

/ region. ri:djan] muntoasa.
Do you live in the mountains? > [du ILl: liv in IYa mauntinz] - Locuie~ti la munte?
No, in a valley. > [noli in il vEli] - Nu, intr-o vale.
Is it deep? >lizitdi:p] - Este adiinca?
No, it is shallow, but > [nou It iz ~Elau bal veri - Nu, este putin adanca,
very vast. va:sl] dar foarte intinsa.
And the source of the > [End [Ya so:'s ov D'a - ~i izvorul Dunarii este
Danube is in my valley. dEniu:b iz in mai vEIi] (izvora~te) 'in valea mea.
Is the Danube the main river > [iz D'a dEn/u:b D'a mcin - Dunarea este fluviul eel mai
of Romania? rival ov ru:mcinia] mare al Romaniei?
Yes, it is. And what about you? > lies il iz End Llol abaul iu:] - Da. Iar tu ce mai faci?
Where do you live? > l Llca ' du iu: livJ - Unde locuie~ti?
I live in a flat region in the > [ai liv in a fiEt ri:djan in - Traiesc intr-o regiune de
east of Romania. D/i i:st ov ru:mciniaJ campie din estul Romaniei.
6
In exercitiul unnator completati propozitiile In limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Oceanele nu sunt superficiale/putm adanci. - Oceans aren't >shallow.
In ace~ti muntl sunt vai intinse. - There are >vast valleys in these mountains.
Locuim intr-o regiune de campie. - We live in a > flat region.
Acesta este canalul principal. - This is the >main canal.
Porturile trebuie sa fie adanci. - Harbours must be >deep.
Romania este 0 tara muntoasa'? - Is Romania a >mountainous country?
Traduceti cuvmtele in limba engleza:
mic, putm adanc > shallow - vast, larg > vast
pIaL neted > flat - principal, esential > main
muntos > mountamous - adanc > deep
Cand verbul to have illseamna a avea, a poseda, poate fi inloeulf eu eonstrueria to have got.
She has got many books. - Ea are multe cartl.
Have you got anything for me'? - Ai ceva pentru mine?
He hasn't got a car. - El nu are ma~ina.
Traduceti umlatoarele propozitii in limba engJeza folosind construetia to have got:
EI au doua case. > They have got two houses.
Ea nu are came. > She has got no dog.
Ai putm timp'? > Have you got any time?
De ce nu ai perdele? > Why haven't you got any cUI1ains')
lata acum ciiteva verbe noi:
to lie > [tu lai] - a sta culcat, a zace
to steal > ltu stl.1] - a fura
to cost > [to kost] - a costa
to mean > [tu mi:n] - a Insemna, a avea de gand
to sWIm > [tus"lln] - a Inota
to throw > [tu Prau] - a arunca, a azvarli
to throw out > l tu "Prau aut] - a arunca, a scoate afara
to laugh at > [tu la:f Et] - a rade de
7
Dintre verbele noi cele mai multe sunt neregulate. lata cele trei forme ale lor:
lie > [Iai] lay > [lei] lain > [lein]
steal > [sti:l] stole > [staul] stolen > [stiiulan]
cost > [kost] cost > [kost] cost > [kost]
mean >[mi:n] meant > [ment] meant > [ment]
SWim > [sUim] swam > (sUEm] swum > [sU am ]
throw > [T'rou] threw > [T'ru:] thrown > [T'roun]
Cititi cu voce tare unnatoarele propozitii in care sunt incluse ~i verbele noi:
The book lay on the floor. > [DZa buk lei on D7 a flo:f] - Cartea zace pe podea.
His car has been stolen. > [hiz ka: f hEz bj:n staulim] - Ma~ina lui a fost furata.
They threw out the old > l D'ci 1"ru: aut D 7j aulu - Au aruncat revistele vechi.
magazines. mEgazi:nz]
It cost me nothing to get it. > [it kost mi: naT'in(g) tu get it] - Nu m-a costat nimic sa obtin
asta.
It has always meant the same. > [it hEz 0: l"eiz ment D7 a seim] - A insemnat intotdeauna
acela~i lucru.
They swam across the canal. > [D'ei s"Em akros D'a kanEl] - Au inotat de-a lungul
canalului.
Fonna de gerunziu a verbului to lie este lying.
Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor:
Cit te-a costat asta? - How much did it > cost you?
Trebuie sa aruncam aceste lucruri. - We must> throw out these things.
Ei mi-au furat toate instrumentele. - They> stole all my tools.
De ce zace asta aici? - Why is it > lying here?
Asta inseamna ca totul e pierdut. - This> means that everything is lost.
Ai inotat adesea in lac? - Did you often >swim in the lake?
Ea a aruncat cheile pe masa. - She> threw the keys on the table.
8
Verificati daca ati retinut cele trei forme ale verbelor:
a costa > cost >cost > cost
a Inota > swim > swam > swum
a Insemna, a avea > mean > meant > meant

de gand
a sta culcat > lie >Iay >lam
a fura > steal > stole > stolen
a arunca, a azvarli > throw > threw > thrown
Dupa urmatoarele expresii folosirea gerunziului este obligatorie:
Do you mind ... > [du iu: maind] - Imi permiteti sa... ; Sunteti
atat de amabil sa...
I don't mind ... > [ai dount maind] - Nu-mipasa... ;Numa

deranjeaza
I can't help... > [ai ka:nt help] - Nu pot sa nu... ; Nu rna pot
abtine sa...
There is no ... > [D'ca' iz nau] - Nuse ...
This is like... > [D'is IS laik] - Este la fel ca ~i ...
It's no good... > [Its nau gud] - Este Tara sens... ; Nu are rost
sa... ; Nu merita ...
Completati unnatoarele propozitii In limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor:
E~ti atat de amabil sa conduci ma~ina? - Do you mind >driving the car?
Nu rna deranjeaza ca scriu aceasta scrisoare. - I don't mind >writing this letter.
Nu rna pot abtine sa cumpar carti noi. - I can't help >buying new books.
Nu se poate ~ti (spune) ce va face el. - There is no >saying what he will do.
Nu merita sa-i spunem. - It's no good >telling him about it.
in Incheiere l'om discuta despre fraza conditionala de tipul II (II Conditional) sau condi{ionalul
prezent. La modul condi{ional prezent, Indeplinirea condi{iei este posibild. Structura frazei
condi{ionale de tipul 11 este: In propozi{ia principald l'erbul este campus din would ["ud] + infinitivul
scurt all'erbului de conjugat (fcirii particula to); In propozi{ia subordonatii introdusd de conjunc{ia
if, l'erbul este la timpul trecut simplu (Simple Past).
If I had time I would come > [if ai hEd taim ai "ud kam - Daca a~ avea timp, a~ veni
to you. tu iu:] la tine.
She would write a letter if > [~i: "ud rait a leta' if - Ea ar scrie 0 scrisoare daca
she had a pen. ~i: hEd a pen] ar avea un stilou.
II
9
Cuviintul would este forma de trecut (Simple Past) a verbului auxiliar will.
in propozi!ia condi!ionala de tipul II verbul a fi are 0 singura forma - were (I were, she were, he
were, it were):
If I were you I would not > l if ai Ute' iu: ai uud not - In locul tau nu i-a~ refuza.
refuse them. rifiu:z IYem]
Introduceti formele corespunzatoare ale verbelor in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Oaca ar costa mai putin, a~ cumpara asta. - Ifit >cost less I >would buy it.
Daca am avea bani, am cina Ia restaurant. - If we >had money we >would have

dinner at a restaurant.
In locul tau m-a~ lasa de [umat. - Ifl >wereyou I >would give up smoking.
lata ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Romania este in Europa. > Romania is in Europe.
Acesta este eel mai inalt munte in America. > This is the highest mountain in America.
Vrei sa locuie~ti in apropierea marii? > 00 vou want to live near the sea'?
Acesta este eel mai mare uscat (de) pe Pamant. > This is the largest land on E3I1h.
Sunt 0 multime de canale in Anglia. > There are a lot of canals in England.
Oaca I-a~ uri, nu I-a~ vizita. > If I hated him I would not visit him.
Vreau sa continuu studiul. > I want to continue leaming.
Cand vei termina cina, vom merge la lac. > When you finish dinner we will go
to the lake.
Prefer sa inot in rau. > I prefer swimming in the river.
Cartile tale zac acum pe masa in camera. > Your books are lying on the table
in the room now.
Ce vrei sa spui? > What do you mean?
Nu are rost sa cumperi mancaruri scumpe. > It's no good buying expensive food.
E~ti atat de amabil sa te uiti la aceasta piesa? > 00 you mind watching this play?
In locul tau nu i-a~ vorbi despre asta. > If I were you, I would not tell her about it.
Nu rna pot abtine sa nu rad. > I cannot help laughing.

10
LECTIA
•
23 - PARTEA A DODA
lneepem leetia eu invatarea euvintelor noi. Imaginati-va ea sunteti intr-un

ora~ foarte mare. Cititi euvintele eu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la tradueerea lor in
limba romfma:
city >lsiti] - ora~
capital >[kEpitl] - capitala

inhabitant > [inhEbitant] - loeuitor, loeatar
one-way street > [Uan Uei stri:t] - strada cu sens unic
outskirts > [autska:Tts] - periferie (a unui ora~)
centre > [scnta T] - centru

slums > [slamz] - cartier sarac/saraeaeios
suburbs > [saba:'bz] - suburbie, periferie
department store > l dipa:Ttmant sto: T] - magazm
town hall > [taun ho:l] - primarie
zoo >[zu:] - grad ina zoologiea
thoroughfare > [T'arafeaT] - artera principala de
cireulatie, strada
principala
million >[milian] - milion
noise > l noiz] - zgomot, galagie
Repetati acela~i euvinte Intr-o alta ordine:

suburbs > [saba:'bz] - suburbie, periferie
town hall > [taun ho: I] - primarie
zoo > [zu:] - gradina zoologica

outskirts > [autska:Tts] - periferie (a unui ora~)
capital > [kEpitl] - capital a
centre > [sent,!'] - centru
nOIse > [lloiz] - zgomot, galagie
one-way street > ["an Uei stri:t] - strada cu sens unie
thoroughfare > [TSarafeaT] - artera principal a de

eirculatie, strada
principala
city > [siti] -ora~
slums > [slamz] - cartier sarae/saracacios

million > [milian] - milion
department store > [dipa:Ttmant sto: T] - magazm
inhabitant > [inhEbitant] - loeuitor, loeatar
1I
lata cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi-I cu atentie:
A: Do you like living in London? It's a big city.
B: Yes, there are nine million inhabitants here. London is the capital of England.
A: Is your house in the centre?
B: Oh, no. I live in the suburbs. My house is in a quiet one-way street.
A: I live in the outskirts of a small town.
B: Do you like it?
A: No, I don't. I'here are slums near my street. And there is a thoroughfare next
to my house. There is always a lot of noise.
B: Are there any department stores in your town?
A: No, we have only small shops near the town hall. But we have a big and
beautiful zoo.
B: We can go to London zoo now. It's only three streets from here.
Sa urrnarim fiecare propozitie separat. Cititi cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
Do you like living in > [du iu: laik livin(gl in - Iti place sa traie~ti la Londra?
London? Iandn]
It's a big city. > [its a big siti] - Este un ora~ mare.
Yes, there are nine million > [ies Dlea r a: r nain milian - Da, sunt noua milioane de
inhabitants here. inhEbitants hia r] locuitori aici.
London is the capital of > [landn iz DZa kEpitl ov - Londra este capitala Angliei.
England. in<glgJand]
Is your house in the centre? > [iz io: r haus in DZa scnta r] - Casa ta este in centru?
Oh, no. I live in the suburbs. > [ou nou ai liv in Dla saba:'bz] - Oh, nu. Locuiesc in suburbie.
My house is in a quiet > [mai haus iz in a kUaiat - Casa mea este intr-o strada
one-way street. uan uei stri:t] lini~tita cu sens unic.
I live in the outskirts > [ai Iiv in Dli autska:rts - Locuiesc la peri feria unui
of a small town. ova smo:1 taun] ora~ mic.
Do you like it? > [du iu: laik it] - Iti place acolo?
No, I don't. > [nau ai daunt] - Nu.
There are slums near my street. > [Olear a: r slamz nia:' mai stri:t] - Sunt cartiere saracacioase in
apropierea strazii mele.
And there is thoroughfare > [End OZear iz a T'arafea' - $i este 0 strada principala
next my house. nekst tu mai haus] langa casa mea.
There is always a lot of > [Olear iz o:lueiz a lot ov - Este intotdeauna mult
nOIse. noiz] zgomot.
12
Are there any department > la:' D'ea r eni dipa:rtmant - Sunt magazine mari in
stores in your town? sto:rz in io: r taun] ora~ul tau?
No, we have only small > [nou "i: hEy aunli smo:l - Nu, avem doar magazine mici
shops near the town hall. ~ops nia r DZa taun ho:l] in apropierea primariei.
But we have a big and > [bat "i: hEy a big End - Dar avem 0 grad ina zoologica
beautiful zoo. biu:tifM zu:] mare ~i minunata.
We can go to London > ["i: kEn gou tu landn - Putem merge acum la gradina
zoo now. zu: nau] zoologica din Londra.
r
It's only three streets from here. > l its aunl i TSri: stri:ts from hia ] - Este doar la trei strazi
departare de aici.
lata alte exercitii pentru cuvintele noi. Completati urmatoarele propozilii in limba engleza cu cuvintele
care lipsesc:
Sunt multe strazi cu sens unic aici? - Are there many >one-way streets here?
Aceasta este cea mai importanta strada - This is the main >thoroughfare of this town.
principala din acest ora~.
Londra este un ora~ mare. - London is a large >city.
Faci des cumparaturi in acest magazin? - Do you often do shopping in this

>department store?
Este veche aceasta primarie? - Is this >town hall old?
Bucure~tiul este capitala Romaniei. - The >capital of Romania is Bucharest.
Locuitorilor Ie place sa mearga vara la munte. - The >inhabitants like to go to the mountains
msummer.
"Children like going to the zoo"
13
Nu sunt cartiere saracacioase In acest ora~. - There are no > sl ums in this town.
In suburbii sunt putine birouri. - There are few offices in the >suburbs.
Copiilor Ie place sa mearga la grad ina zoologica. - Children like going to the >zoo.
Gara este in centrul ora~ului. - The railway station is in the >centre of

the city.
Nu vreau sa locuiesc la periferia ora~ului. - I don't want to live in the> outskirts.
Ce este zgomotul acesta? - What is that> noise?
Pentru a veri fica daca ati retinut cuvintele noi, traduceti-Ie In Iimba engleza:
primarie > town hall - suburbie > suburbs
periferie (a unui ora~) > outskirts -ora~ > city
gradina zoologica > zoo - capitala > capital
artera principala > thoroughfare - locuitor, locatar > inhabitant
centru > centre - magazin mixt > department store
cartier sarac > slums - strada cu sens unic > one-way street
zgomot > noise
In lectiile anterioare ati Invatat pronumele who. in aceasta lectie yom Invata despre folosirea
pronumelui what.
Daca propozi!ia interogativa care incepe cu prol1umefe interogativ what se rejera fa subiect, atunci
propozi!ia va avea structura obi!jnuita a propozifiei afirmative:
What happened yesterday? - Ce s-a Intamplat ieri?
What is behind this mountain? - Ce este in spatele acestui munte?
What grows in your garden? - Ce cre~te In gradina ta?
Dar daca what inseamna ce, ce fel de, cum, sau apare infr-un alt caz dedit nominativuf, atunci
propoziria va avea sfructura propoziriei interogative:
What colour is the sea? - Ce culoare are marea?
What mountains do you like? - Ce fel de munti Iti plac?
What did you see then? - Ce ai vazut atunci?
Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

Ce scrii acum? > What are you writing now?
Ce a lasat el? > What did he leave?
Ce traie~te pe luna? > What lives on the moon?
La ce ma~ina se refera el? > What car does he mean?
14
lata acum diteva cuvinte noi:
on foot >lon fut] - pe jos
crowded >lkraudid] - aglomerat
deserted > [diza:'tid] - parasit, pustiu, gal

. .
ImpressIve > [ imprcsiv] - impresionant (care produce
o impresie buna)
horrible > [horibl] - oribil, groaznic
industrial > [ indastrial] - industrial
Urmariti cum se folosesc aceste cuvinte in propozitii:
I usually go to work on foot. > [ai iu:juali gou tu "a:'k on fut] - De obicei merg la lucru pe jos.
The streets are crowded all day. > [DLa stri:ts a:' kraudid 0:1 dei] - Strazile sunt aglomerate toata
ziua.
At night they are deserted. > [Et nait D'ei a:' diza.:'tid] - Noaptea ele sunt pustii.
There are impressive > [D'ea' a:' impresiv - In capitaHi sunt cladiri
buildings in the capital. bildinlg)z in D',1 kEpitl] impresionante.
The slums are horrible. > [DZa slamz a:' horibl] - Cartierele sarace sunt oribile.
We live in an industrial town. >[Ui: liv in an indastrial taun] - Locuim intr-un ora~
industrial.
Strazile ora~ului sunt deseori pustii. - The streets of the city are often :>deserted.
Cand este vremea frumoasa merg - I always go >on foot when the weather
intotdeauna pe jos. IS DIce.
EI a vazut ieri un accident groaznic. - He saw a >horrible accident yesterday.
Aceasta primarie este impresionanta. - This town hall is >impressive.
Aceasta piata este intotdeauna aglomerata. - This square is always >crowded.
Ora~eJe industriale nu sunt frumoase. - >/ ndustrial towns are not beautiful.
Sa verificam daca ati retinut cuvintele noi. Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza:
plin, aglomerat > crowded
groaznic, oribil > horrible
15
industrial > industrial
parasit, pustiu > dcscI1ed
impresionant > impressive
peJos > on foot
Pronumele what se folose.yte ~i In propozi!ii exclamative care exprinui sentimente ~i emo!ii:
What a good film! ~ Ce film bun!
What a beautiful building! - Ce clad ire frumoasa!
What a nice people! - Ce oameni draguti!
What heat' - Ce canicula!
inaintea substantivelor care au ~i forma de singular ~i de plural se folose~te

articolul nehotarat a/an la singular, dar nu se pune articol inaintea acestor
substantive daca ele sunt la plural. Tot a~a nu se pune articol inaintea
substantivelor care au numai forma de singular.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in Iimba engleza:
Ce pantaloni frumo~i! > What nice trousers!
Ce intrebare dificila! > What a difficult question!
Ce vreme! > What weather!
Ce ma~ina rapida! > What a fast car!
Ce mere delicioase! > What delicious apples!
lata acum un grup de verbe noi:
to cross > [tu kros] - a traversa, a strabate, a trece

dintr-o parte in alta
to depart > [tu dipa:rt] - a pleca, a pomi, a pleca din
to break > [tu breik] - a sparge, a sfiirama, a rupe,

a frange
to draw > [tu dro:] - a desena, a trasa, a trage
to forbid > [tu forbid] - a opri, a interzice, a impiedica
to feed > [tufi:d] - a hrani (a alimenta)
to reach > [tu ri:t~] - a ajunge (pana) la, a atinge,

a sosi (la)
16
Dintre aceste verbe cateva sunt neregulate. invatati formele lor:
forma I forma a II-a forma a I1I-a
break >[ breik] broke >[brouk] broken >[broukn]
draw >[dro:] drew >[ dru:] drawn >[ dro:n]
feed >[ lid] fed >[ fed] fed >[fed]
forbid >[ forbid] forbade >[forbeid] forbidden >[forbidn]
lata cum se folosesc verbele noi in propozitii:
They crossed the street. > [ DZei krost DZa stri:t] - Ei au traversat strada.
She has already departed. >[~i: hEz o:lredi dipa:ftid] - A plecat ea deja.
Has she reached her >[hEz ~i: ri:t~t ha: f - Ea a ajuns deja la destinatie?
destination yet? destinei~n iet]
My son loves to draw ships. > [mai san lavz tu dro: ~ips] - Fiului meu ii place sa
deseneze vapoare.
Father forbade me to go > [ fa: DZa f forbeid mi: tu - Tata mi-a interzis sa merg
there with him. gau DZeaf uiD z him] aco]o cu eI.
Have you fed the animals yet? >[hEv iu: fed DZi Enimalz iet] - Ai hranit deja animalele?
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului:
Ea ~i-a rupt bratul cand a cazut. - She >broke her arm when she fell.
Traversati strada doar pe trecerea de/pentru pietoni! - >Cross the street only at a zebra crossing!
Am hranit animalele dupa micul dejun. - I >fed the animals after breakfast.
Ce ai desenat acolo? - What have you ::odrawn there?
Ei au plecat la ~apte. - They ::odeparted at seven.
Au ajuns la Londra? - Have they >reached London?
Parintii mei imi interzic totuI. - My parents >forbid me everything.
Verificati daca ati retinut verbele noi:
a desena >10 draw - a inlerzice >to forbid
a atinge >to reach - a traversa >to cross
a sparge >to break - a pleca >to depart
a hrani >10 feed
17
Acum vom sintetiza materialul acestei lectii. Traduceti in limba engleza:
Ei au continuat lucrul toata noaptea. > They went on working all night.
Bicicleta acestui copil a fost furata. > This child's bicycle has been stolen.
Te-ai lasat de fumat? > Have you given up smoking?
Eu am trei pisici. > I have got three cats.
EI prefera sa mearga pe jos. > He prefers going on foot.
Ce strazi aglomerate! > What crowded streets'
Acum nu are rost sa plecam. > It's no good departing now.
Nu se ~tie ce regiuni vom vizita. > There is no saying which regions

we will visit.
in gradinile zoologice hranirea animalelor > In zoos feeding the animals is forbidden.
este interzisa.
Nu m-am putut abtine sa nu zambesc cand > J could not help smiling when I saw him
I-am vazut dupa atatia ani. after many years.
EI ura~te sa locuiasca In acest ora;; industrial. > He hates hving in this industrial (own.
Ce s-a intiimplat? > What happened'?
Ce ai pierdut? > What did you lose'!
E~ti atat de amabil sa-mi imprumuti bani? > Do you mind lending me money?
in incheiere iata exercitiul de pronuntie. Literele aflate in aceea~i coloana, scrise accentuat, de-
semneaza sunete identice:
[ei] [0:] [E] [a: ]
hate draw shallow vast
break source flat harbour
main hall hat depart
way call cat arm
lake door capital task
18
, 23
23.1 Folosirea gerunziului este obligatorie:
I. Dupa urmatoarele verbe:
to hate - a uri, a du~mani
to go on - a continua, a merge mai departe
to finish - a sfiir~i, a termina
to prefer - a prefera
to continue - a continua
to give up - a abandona, a se lasa de
2. Dupa umlatoarele expresii:
Do you mind... - Imi permiteti sa... ; Sunteti atat de amabil sa...
I don't mind ... - Nu ma deranjeaza; Nu-mi pasa...
I can't help ... - Nu pot sa nu... ; Nu ma pot ab\ine sa...
There is no ... - Nu se poate ~ti ...
This is like... - Este la fel ca ~i ...
It's no good ... - Este fara sens... ; Nu are rost sa...
23.2 Verbul to have inseamna: a avea, a posed a ceva. Acest verb englezesc poate fi inlocuit cu
constructia to have got:
She has got many books. Ea are muite cani.
Have you got anything for me? Ai ceva pentru mine?
He hasn't got a car. EI nu are ma~ina.
23.3 Propozitia condi\ionala de tipul II - II Conditional
23.3.1 in propozitia conditionala de tipul II indeplinirea conditiei este posibila.
23.3.2 Propozi\ia subordonata introdusa de conjunqia if este la timpu] trecut simplu (Simple
Past). iar in propozitia principala apare constructia would + verbul de conjugat la
in finitiv scurt (fara particula to):
If I had time, I would go - Daca a~ avea timp a~ merge

to the cinema. la cinema.
23.3.3 In propozitia conditionala de tipul II folosim doar 0 singura forma a verbului a fi -

were (l were, she were, he were, it were):
If I were you I would not - In locul til.U nu i-a~ refuza.

refuse them.
19
2304. Pronumele what
2304.1. Daca i"ntrebarea i"ncepe cu pronumele interogati v what ~i se refera la subiect, atunci
propozitia va avea structura unei propozitii afirmative:
What happened yesterday? - Ce s-a i"ntiimplat ieri?
2304.2. Daca what i"nseamna ce, ce fel, cum sau apare i"ntr-un alt caz decat nominativul,
atunci i"ntrebarea va avea structura propoziriei interogative:
What colour is the sea? - Ce culoare are marea'?
2304.3. Pronumele what poate sa apara i"n propozirii exc1amative care exprima sentimente ~i
emotii:
What a good film! - Ce film bun!
What nice people! - Ce oameni draguti!

11111111111111111111
lnaintea substantivelor care au ~i forma de singular ~i de plural se folose~te articolul
nehotariit a/an atunci cand sunt la singular, dar nu se pune articolla plural ~i i"naintea
substantivelor care au numai fonna de singular.
20
I. If I were you I would forbid him to go there.
2. It's no good repairing it today.
3. What a beautiful city!
4. Have you got any news for me?
5. She has given up watching TV late at night.
6. What costs more than a million?
B. Tradllceti unnatoarele propozilii in limba engleza:
I. Vom merge sa cinam la restaurant ciind termin de citit.
2. Ce ochelari frumo~i!
3. Dacii a~ fi tiinar, a~ merge la mllnte.
4. Eu am multi prieteni.
5. Ai avea ceva impotriva sa traversam pe jos aceasta vale?
6. Preferam sa petrecem acasa sarbatorile.
I. I would do it if you would wait.
2. What an impressive mountains!
3. The boy went on run.
4. What like you?
5. Is it dangerous to cross the throughfare?
21
LECTIA
, 24 PARTEA INTAI
Acum yom parasi ora~ul ~i yom merge la tara. lata cuvintele noi, legate de
viata la tara:
village > [vilidj] - sat, comuna
farmer > [fa:rma r ] - ferrnier, taran
crop > [krop] - recolta
meadow > [medau] - pa.ii~te, campie
produce > [prodiu:s] - produs, produse agricole
field > [fi:ld] - camp, ogor
fertilizer > [fii:rtilaiza r] - i'ngra~amant (artificial)
soil > [soil] - sol, pamant
rye > [rai] - secara
wheat > [Ui :t] - grau
flour > [flaua r] - faina
domestic > [domestik] - domestic
Sa repetam cuvintele noi i'ntr-o alta ordine:

I
~I
farmer > [fa:rma r] - fennier, taran
fertilizer > [fa:rtilaiza r] - i'ngra~amant (artificial)
village > [viI idj] - sat, comuna
produce > [prodiu:s] - produs, produse agricole
domestic > [domestik] - domestic
flour > [flaua r] - faina
meadow > [medau] - paji~te, campie
wheat > [Ui :t] - grau Illllllllllllll\11
IW.
crop > [krop] - recolta
rye > [rai] - secara
soil > [soil] - sol, pamant
field > [fi:ld] - camp, ogor

II
-B:I
~~
I-~
~f
'
~'%
W
22
I
Acum folosind completati propozitiile in Iimba engleza cuvintele noi:
Nu am avut recolta buna de trei ani. - We haven't had a good >crop for three years.
Ei locuiesc in acest sat. - They live in this >vlllage.
Ogoarele din apropierea raului sunt bune - The >fields near the river are good.
Secara cre~te repede? - Does >rye grow fast?
Este roua pe campn. - There is dew on the >l1leadows.
Toti fratii mei sunt fermJeri. - All my brothers are >fallners.
Ingra~amantul devme dm ce in ce mal scump. - >I"ertlhzer IS gettmg more and more

expensIVe.
Este bun pamantul in aceasta regmne muntoasa? - Is the >soI1 good in thIs mountainous region?
Produsele de casa sunt cele mai bune. - >Dol1lestlc produce is the best.
Cilta raina trebuie sa cumparam? - How much >flOUI must we buy?
Desigt1{ ati insu~it deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti in hmba engleza:
paji~te >meadow - grflU > \\ heat

camp,ogor > field - faina > flour
sat, comuna > vIllage - ingra~amant (artificial) > fertlhzer
secara > rye - taran, fermier >fannel
produs > produce - recolta >CIOP
domestic > domestic - sol, pamant >5011
in propozitiile exclamative care expnnu] sentzmente se folose$te des pronumele how - cum, ce
dragu!, cat de De obicel stii langii un adjectiv sau un verb:
How good of you to viSIt me! - Ce dragu! din partea ta ca rna vizitezi!
(cat e~ti de bun ca rna vizitezi!)
How nice of them to help! - Ce dragut din partea lor ca ne ajuta!
How noisy these chIldren are! - Ce galagio~i sunt ace~tI copii!
Dupa constructlG how + adjectiv. inaintea substantivelor cu forma de singular $i plural aflate la
singular, putem folosl articolul nehotarat a/an:
How nice a man he IS! - Ce om dragut este (el)!
How delicious an apple that was! - Ce deliclOs a fost marul acela!
Incercati sa traduceti singuri in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitil:
Ce dragut din partea ta ca faci asta! > How good of you to do It!
Ce saptamana buna a fost aceasta! > How good a week that was'
24
Ce frurmoasa era casa aceea! > How nice a house it was!
Ce minunate sunt aceste campii! > How beatiful these meadows are!
Unneaza expresii ~i cuvinte engleze~ti noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare:
in the country > [in DZa kantriJ - la tara
to make hay > [tu mcik hei] - a cosi/a usca ranul
abundant >[aband,lnt] - abundent, imbel~ugat, bogat
favourable > [feivarabl] - favorabil
rural >[ru:raJ] - rural, de tara, rustic
holiday >[holidei] - zi de odihna, vacanta,

concediu
Yom folosi cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi cu atentie:

A: Where did you spend your holiday?
B: I was in the country.
A: What did you do there?
B: I made hay.
A: What?
B: Yes, my friend is a farmer. He had an abundant crop this summer
so I went there to help him.
A: And how did you like the rural life?
B: Very much. The weather was favourable and the work was nice.
lar acum cititi separat aceste propozitii:
Where did you spend >[Uea' did iu: spend - Unde ti-ai petrecut concediul?
your holiday? io:' holidei]
I was in the country. >[ ai Uo z in DZa kantri] - Am fost la tara.
What did you do there? - Ce ai lacut acolo?
I made hay. > [ai meid hei] - Am cosit ran.
What? - Ce?
Yes, my friend is a farmer. >[ ies mai frend iz a fa'ma r] - Da, prietenul meu este fermier.
He had an abundant crop > [hi: hEd an abandant krop - EI a avut 0 recolta bogata in
this summer so I went DZis samar sau ai Uent aceasta vara, a~a ca am mers
there to help him. DZea r tu help him] acolo ca sa-I ajut.
And how did you like >[End hau did iu: laik - $i cum ti-a placut viata la tara?
the rural life? DZa ru:rallaifJ
Very much. The weather >[ veri mat~ DZa UcDZa r - Foarte mult. Timpul a fost
was favourable and the work Uaz fcivarabl End DZa ua:rk favorabil ~i munca a fost
was nice. Uaz nais] placuta.
25
In exercillUl urmator completali propoziliile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care Iipsesc:
Azi este un vant favorabil. - There is a > favourable wind today.
Aceste imprejurimi rurale sunt foarte Iinii?tite. - These >rural surroundings are very quiet.
Mi-am petrecut concediul acasa. - I spent my >hollday at home.
Trebuie sa cosim repede £anul. - We must >make hay fast.
Aceasta recolta este mal bogata decat - This crop is more >abundant than
cea anterioara. the prevIOUS one.
_La lara nu este multa circulatie. - There is not much traffic >in the country.
Acum incercati sa traduceli cuvintele urmatoare in Iimba engleza:
rural, de lara >nl1al
a cosi fanul > to make hay
favorabil > favourable
la lara > In the country
abundent, bogat > abundant
concediu, vacanla > holiday
Sa ne reintoarcem la pronumele interogative.
Ari inviirat deja pronumefe interogativ ~i refativ which - care, pe care, ceo Construcria which of -
care din/dintre se fofose~te foarte des. Dacii acest pronume se referii fa subiect, atunci propozi!ia
va avea structura propoziriei afirmative.
WhIch of you knows where my keys are? - Care dintre voi ~tie unde sunt cheile mele?
Which of these employees works the best? - Care dintre acei?ti angajali lucreaza cel
mai bine?
Which of these dogs ran faster? - Care dintre ace~ti caini a alergat mai repede?
Desigur atwICl cilild intrebarea nu se referii fa subiect, strllctura propoziriei este cea a propozir iei
interogative·
Which of them do you know? - Pe care dintre ei il cuno~ti?
Which of those cars have you bought? - Dintre aceIe ma~ini, pe care ai cumparat-o?
Which of them have you recently met? - Cu care dmtre el te-ai intalnit recent?
Which of these houses do you like the best? - Care dintre aceste case iti place eel mai mult?
Which of these rivers is the longest? - Care dintre aceste raun este eel mai lung?
Which of these books have you already read? - Pe care dintre aceste carli ai citit-o deja?
26
RECAPITULARE
1. Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu) descrie 0 actiune, petrecuta in trecut:
They visited us last month. - Ei ne-au vizitat luna. trecuta.
He wrecked his car yesterday. - EI ~i-a distrus ieri ma~ina.
2. Pronumele personal la nominativ ~i la acuzativ:
Nominativ: Acuzativ:
I me
you you
he him
she her
it it
we us
you you
they them
3. Folosirea pronumelui relativ "that" in propozitia subordonata atributiva restrictiva:
People that like to work - Oamenii carora Ie place sa lucreze,

are always busy. sunt intotdeauna ocupati.
"
LECTIA
, 25 PARTEA "INTAl
La inceput yom invata substantive noi, legate de viata la tara:
barley > [ba:Tli] - orz
seed > [si :d] - samanta
agriculture > [Egrika It~aT] - agricultura
pasture > [pa:st~i\1 - pa~une
farmhand > [fa:TmhEnd] - muncitor agricol
plough > [pIau] - plug
furrow > [farou] - brazda
tractor > [trEkE1T] - tractor
com > [ko:Tn] - cereale,grane,grau,porumb
grain > [grein] - graunte, bob
bam > [ba:Tn] - hambar, ~opron, ~ura
cow > [kau] - vaca
Repetati acelea~i cuvinte ~i in alta ordine ~i fiti atenti la traducerea lor in

limba romana:
furrow > [farou] - brazda
cow > [bu] - vaca
seed > [si:d] - samanta ~

gram > [grcin] - graunte, bob
bam > [ba:Tn] - hambar, ~opron, ~ura
barley > [ba:Tli] - orz
com > [ko:Tn] - cereale, grane, gra~ porumb
plough > [pIau] - plug
farmhand > [fa:TmhEnd] - muncitor agricol
agriculture > [ Egrikalt~aT] - agricultura
pasture > [ pa:st~,i1 - pa~une
tractor > [trEktil T] - tractor
2
Ulmariti cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la
pronuntie:
This farmer grows barley. >1 fYI>, fa.'llla' grauz ba.'li] - Acest fermier cultiva orz.
Where will we buy seeds from? >r"clrlld "I. bal sl.dz from] - De unde vom cumpara seminte?
Agriculture is important >r Egi ika Itsa' iz lInpo :'tant - Agricultura este importanta
in this country. 111 D/is bntri] in aceasta tara.
What are pastures used for? >["ot a:' pa:st~a'z iu:zd fo:'] - La ce se folosesc pa~unile?
The farmhands are >[D'a fa:'mhEndz a:' - Muncitorii agricoli ara.

ploughing. plauin ie, ]
This plough will be repaired. >rD/is piau "il bi' ripea'dl - Acest plug va fi reparat.
A plough makes furrows >r a piau I1lclks farouz - Plugul face brazde in pamant.
in the soil. in D/a soill
The farmers have paid for >rD/a t~l:'ma'z hE\' pCld fo.' - Fermierii au platit impreuna
this tractor together. D/is trEkta' tageD'a'l acest tractor.
What kinds of com >r"<lt kall1dz a\' ko:'n - Ce fel de cereale cuno~ti?
do you know? du Ill: nau]
Many grains are eaten by >r meni grcltlz a:' Un b<ll - Multe graunte sunt mancate
the birds. D/a ba:'dz] de pasari.
We have a very large bam. >r"i: hE\ <l \ eri la"dJ ba:fn] - Avem un hambar foarte mare.
How many cows has that >rhau meni kaLlZ hEz DIEt - Cite vaci are acest felmier?
farmer got? fa:'l1la f got]
Acum introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Vrem sa cumparam un plug modern. - We want to by a modern :::plough.
Acest porumb este de pe acel ogor. - This :::t:orn is from that field.
Brazdele trebuie sa fie suficient de largi. - The :::fuITOWS must be wide enough.
Orzul este scump anul acesta? - Is )barky expensive this year?
Grauntele sunt macinate pentru faina. - The >6ra111s are ground into flour.
Acest muncitor agricol lucreaza de mult aici? - Has this )fannhand worked here
for a long time?
Ca~tiga mult oamenii in agricultura? - Do people earn much in :::agriculture?
Vacile sunt pe pa~une. - The :::t:ows are in the pasture.
Acest tractor este adesea defect. - This :::tractor is often out of order.
Semintele se pun in brazde. - The :::sceds are thrown into the >furrows
In septembrie hambarul nostru este plin. - In September our :::ham is full.
3
lata acum un exercitiu de control. Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
plug > plough
vaca > cow
brazda > flllTOW
orz > barley
tractor > tractor
muncitor agricol > flnnhand
cereale > corn
graunte, bob > gram
pa~une > pasture
samanta > seed
hambar > barn
agricultura > agncultun;
In foeul verbuflli auxiliar must - trebuie, a fi obligat - care exprimii 0 obliga{ie, 0 neeesitate, In
anumite eazuri se fofose~te eonstrlletia to have to.
Sa urmarim propozitiile:
She has to drink less coffee. > r ~l. hEz tu drll1(l'lk les kufl] - Ea trebuie sa bea mai putina cafea.
Do you have to work today? > rdu Ill. hEv tu"a:'k tade/] - Trebuie sa lucrezi azi?
I won't have to go there > ral "aunt hEv tu gau D'ea f - Nu va trebui sa merg acolo
tomorrow. tamurou] maine.
Nu uitati verbul auxiliar must poate fi folosit doar la timpul prezent. La

timpul trecut ~i viitor in locul lui se folose~te constructia to have to.
Urmeaza un scurt exercitiu cu verbul to have to. Traduceti propozi!iile in limba engleza:
leri a trebuit sa repar robinetul. > 1 had to repair the tap yesterday.
Cand va trebui sa termini lucrul? > When wlll you have to fi11lsh work?
Nu trebuie sa macinam grilu azi. > We don"t have to grind wheat today.
Ea trebuie sa duccl vacile pc camp. > She has to take the cows to the pasture.
Ce va trebui sa scriu maine? > What Will I have to \\ lIte tomorrow'?
4
lata alte cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i memora!i intelesul lor in limba romana:
agricultural > r Et,'rikalt~nrn I] - agricol
fertile > rfa:'tnil] - fertil, rodnic
regularly > [n:giula'li] - (in mod) regulat/obi~nuit
healthy > [helT'i] - sanatos
except >riksept] - cu excep!ia, in afara de
possible > rposibl] - posibil
interesting > rintrastin lgl ] - interesant
Acum vom exersa cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi propozitiile cu atentie:
A: Do you like living in an agricultural region?

B: Yes, I do. I think it is healthier to live in the country than in the city.
A: But is the life here interesting?
B: Yes, it is. There are many interesting things to do. We have everything here
except cinemas.
A: But isn't the work too hard?
B: No, it isn't. I only have to fertilize the soil regularly because it is not fertile
enough.
A: Is it possible to grow all kinds of crops here?
B: Certainly. I grow wheat, rye and barley.
lar acum sa urmarim fiecare propozi!ie separat. Fi!i atenti la pronun!ie:
Do you like living in an > rdu iu: lnik livlI1(g) in nn - I!i place sa traie~ti intr-o regiune
agricultural region? Egrikalt~arnl ri:djan] agricola?
Yes. I do. > [ics ni du:] - Da.
I think it is healthier to live > rni T'il/g1k it iz helT'ia' tu liv - Cred ca este mai sanatos sa traie~ti
in the country than in the city. in O/a kantri O/En in Ola siti] la tara decat la or~.
But is the life here interesting? > [bat iz Ola latfhia' - Dar este interesanta viala aici?
intrastin(el]
Yes, it is. > [ics It iz] - Da.
There are many interesting > [O/ca' a:' lneni intrnstll1(gl - Sunt multe lucruri interesante
things to do. T'in(g,z tu du:] de Iacut.
We have everything here > [IIi: hEv C\TIT'in lel hia' - Avem de toate aici, cu excePlia
except cinemas. iksept ~inall1az] cinematografului.
But isn't the work too hard? > [hat iznt IYa lI a:'k tu: hn:'d] - Dar nu este prea grea munca?
No, it isn't. > [n<l\l it iznt] -Nu.
5
I only have to fertilize > [ai aunh hEy tu ra.'tJla/z - Trebuie doar sa fertilizez pamantul
the soil regularly because D/a soil rcgllda'Jj bikoz in mod regulat pentru ca nu este
it is not fertile enough. It IZ not ra·rtaillllaf] destuI de fertil.
Is it possible to grow all > [iz it poslbl tu grau 0.1 - Este posibil sa cultivi aici toate
kinds of crops here? kamuz <IV bops hia r ] felurile de cereale?
Certainly. > [sa:'tanlil - Desigur.
I grow wheat, rye and barley. > raJ grau "jot raJ End ba:rli] - Eu cultiv grau, secara ~i orz.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza eu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Aceste vaci nu sunt sanatoase. - These cows are not >healthy.
Mergem in mod regulat la meciul de fotbal. - We >rcgularly go to a football match.
Este posibil sa vinzi aceste bilete? - Is it > possible to sell these tickets?
Putem veni toti cu exceptia lui Mark. - We can all come, >exccptMark.
Satul nostru se afla intr-o vale fertila. - Our village lies in a > terti Ie valley.
Cltesc intotdeauna ~tirile agricole in ziar. - I always read the >agncultural news
in the newspaper.
"These cows are not healthy."
Ati retinut cuvintele noi? lata un exercitiu de verificare. Traduceti in limba engleza:
cu exceptia, in afara de > except
ferti 1, rodnic > fClidc
posibil > possIble
agricol > agricultural
sanatos > healthy
in mod regulat/obi~nuit > regularly
interesant
6
Urmariti cu atentie urmatoarele propozitii
""1 like coffee" said John. - "Imi place cafeaua" a spus John.
John said he liked coffee. - John a spus ca ii place cafeaua.
"She is cooking dinner" said Peter, - "Ea pregate~te cina" a spus Peter.
Peter said she was cooking dinner. - Peter a spus ca ea pregate~te cina.
Ati observat deosebirile dintre timpurile verbelor folosite?
In ambele cazuri avem de-a face cu vorbirea illdirecfii, care se folose.!}te de obicei atunci ciind
paraji-aziim spusele cuiva.
in cazul vorhirii indirecte, structura propozi!iei este urll1iitoarea: dacii verhul propozi!iei principale
(de exemplu John said, Peter said) este la timpul trecut (Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect),
atunci timpul verbului din propozi!ia secundara. se schimhii conform regulii de concordanta a
timpurilor, care este urmiitoarea:
Simple Present Simple Past
Present Continuous Past Continuous
He told me he grew all kinds of corn. - EI mi-a spus ca el cultiva toate soiurile
de grane.
Propozi!ia para!i-azatii a fost "1 grow all kinds of corn."
She said she was always late for work. - Ea a spus ca intarzie intotdeauna de la lucru.
1 heard they were coming. - Am auzit ca au venit.
in propozipa principalii, verhul se ajlii cel mai des la timpul trecut simplu (Simple Past).
In exercitiul urmator, introduceti forma corespunzatoare a verbului in propozitiile in limba engleza:
El mi-a spus ca este obosit. - He told me he >was tired.
Jane a spus ea scrie 0 scrisoare. - Jane said she >was writing a letter.
Mama mi-a spus ca nu are bani. - Mother said she >had no money.
Cine a spus ca nu Ie place sa lucreze? - Who said they >didn' t I ike working?
rar acum sa invatam un grup de verbe noi:
to sow >rtusoul - a semana, a insamanta
to store > [tusto:'l - a tine, a depozita
to harvest > [tu ha:"'istl - a recolta, a secera

7
to graze > [tu grCIZ] - a pa~te, a duce la paseut
to milk > [tu mtlk] - a mulge
to fail > [tu feil] - a nu reu~i (la, in), a cadea
Verbul to sow este neregulat. Retineti formele lui:
sow > [sou] sowed > [soud] sown > [soun]
lata verbele noi in propozitii. Cititi eu voce tare ~i fHi atenti la pronuntie:
Have you sown the wheat yet? > [hEv Ill. saun D/a !li:t Ict] - Ai semanat deja graul?
They stored the crop in > [D/ cl sto:'d D/a krop in - Au depozitat graul in
their barns. DL c? ba:'nz] hambarele lor.
We have harvested all > [!Ii: hEv ha.'vistid 0.1 - Am recoltat tot graul nostru.
our com. aua' ko.'n]
The cows grazed in the > [D'a kauz grclZd In D/a - Vacile au pascut pe pa~une
pastures every summer. pa:st~a'z evl'l sama'] in fiecare vara.
You haven't milked > [IU: hEvnt milkt DE a - Nu ai muls inca vacile.
the cows yet. kauz ICt]
The crop failed that year. > [D/a klUp fctld D7Et iia'l - Recolta a Yost slaba anul acela.
Iar acum urmeaza un exercitiu cu verbele noi. Introduceti formele corespunzatoare ale verbelor in
urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ai recoltat multa secara anul acesta? - Have you >harvcstcd much rye this year?
Au muls vacile foarte regulat. - They >milkcd the cows very regularly.
El nu a reu~it sa se intoarca la tirnp. - He has >failcd to return in time.
Noi am sernanat orzul ieri. - We >sowed the barley yesterday.
L-ai depozitat in harnbar? - Have you >storcd it in a bam?
Vacile au pascut intotdeauna - The cows always >grazcd

in apropierea riiului. near the river.
Ca exercitiu, traduceti noile cuvinte in lirnba engleza:
a pa~te > to gtazc
a secera > to harvcst
a rnulge > to mtlk
8
a nu reu~i > to fail
a semana, a insamanta >to sow
a tine, a depozita > to store
In incheiere sa ne reintoarcem la timpul Prezentul Continuu.
Cu ajutoru! timpu!ui prezent continull se exprimii ~i atitudinea criticii (neriibdare, supiirare) fn

!egiiturii Cll 0 activitate sau un eveniment. Comp!ementu! de timp utilizat fn acest caz este always Cll
sensu! de (in)totdeauna, ve~nic, mereu:
He is always forbidding me watching TV! - EI imi interzice intotdeauna sa rna uit

la televizor!
She is always smoking cigarettes! - Ea fumeaza mereu!
Ei rna refuza intotdeauna! > They are always refusing me!
EI cite~te mereu ziarele! > He is always reading newspapers!
Ei vorbesc mereu despre cai! > They are always talking about horses!
Tatal meu bea intotdeauna doar cafea! > :'vly father is always drinking only coffee!
9
LECTIA
tn partea a doua sa ne mai imbogatim vocabularul legat de viata la tara,

lata cuvintele noi:
country lane > [kantri kin] - drum de tara

hedge > [hcdj] - gard viu
crow > [krau] - cioara
scarecrow > [skea'krau] - sperietoare (de ciori)
cattle > [kEtl] - vite, bovine
cattle farming > [kEtl fa:'min(gJ] - crescatorie de vite
arable farming > [Eri\bl fa:'min igl ] - cultivarea plantelor
mixed farming > [mikst fa:'min igl ] - cultivare mixta; ferma
mixta
rat > [rEt] - ~obolan
rodent > [raudcnt] - rozatoare

dairy > [deari] - laptarie, fabrica de
prelucrare a laptelui
dairy produce > [deill'i prodiu:s] - produse lactate
Exersati acelea~i cuvinte, dar in alta ordine ~i incercati sa va insu~iti

pronuntia ~i sensullor in limba romana:
arable farming > [Erilhl fa:'min igl ] - cultivarea plantelor

dairy > [de,lri] - Iaptarie, fabrica de
prelucrare a laptelui
crow > [ krim] - cioara
country lane > [kantri kin] - drum de tara
rodent > [raudcnt] - rozatoare
dairy produce > [deilri prodiu:s] - produse lactate
rat > [rEt] - ~obolan

mixed farming > [mikst fa:'min igJ ] - cultivare mixta; ferma

mixHi
scarecrow > [skea'krilu] - sperietoare (de ciori)
cattle farming > [kEtl fa:'min(CI] - crescatorie de vite
10
Acum exersa~i cuvintele noi in propozitii:
A country lane is a road > [a kantn kin iz a raud - Drumul de ~ara trece
through fields. T'ru: fi.ldz1 printre ogoare.
There are hedges there. - Acolo sunt garduri vii.
There are many crows in > I D"ca r a: r meni krallz in - Sunt multe ciori pe camp.
the fields. Dla fi'ldzl
What is a scarecrow for? > [lint iz a skea'krall f,):r1 - La ce serve~te 0 sperietoare?
The cattle are grazing. - Vitele pasco
Is there much cattle farming > [iz IYca r maT~ kEtl - Sunt multe crescatorii de vite
in Romania? fa:'min1t'1 in ru.mellli~ll in Romania?
Arable farming is more > [Erabl fa:'min(g) iz mo: r - Cultivarea plantelor este
important. impu:'tant1 mai importanta.
We are in mixed farming. > ["i: a:' III mikst fa:'mlll(gJ1 - Noi cultivam de toate.
A rat is bigger than a mouse. > [a rEt iz biga' D"En a malls1 - Un ~obolan este mai mare decat
un ~oarece.
Do rodents eat com? > I du Hllldents I·t ko:'n J - Rozatoarele mananca cereale?
We take the milk to > ["i: teik D'a milk tll D7 a - Ducem laptele in mod
the dairy regularly. dean rcgiularl i1 regulat la Hiptarie.
Butter and cheese are dairy > [hata r End t~i:z a:' deari - Untul ~i branza sunt
produce. prodlll:S 1 produse lactate.
Substantivul cattle este un substantiv colectiv, de aceea verbul aflat

langa el se afla intotdeauna la plural.
Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ce culoare are cioara? - What colour is a >crow?
In satul nostru se afla 0 lapUirie. - There is a >dalry in our village.
Se afla multe ferme mixte - There is a lot of>mixcd fanning

in aceasta regiune. in this region.
Iti plac produsele lactate? - Do you like >dairy produce?
Ne plimbam pe un drum de tara. - We were walking in a >collntry lane.
Lui nu-i place sa cultive plante. - He doesn't like >arahk farming.
11
Gardurile vii nu sunt foarte Inalte. - The >hcdgc~ are not very high.
Nu are rost sa folosim 0 sperietoare (de ciori). - It's no use having a >scarccrow.
~tii ce sunt rozatoarele? - Do you know what >rodents are?
Ne-am vandut anul treeut vitele. - We sold our >cattlc last year.
Este imposibil sa cre~tem vite aici. - >Cattlc fanning is not possible here.
Am prins un ~obolan. - I have caught a >rat
{lr,()
~ .
"It's no use having a scarecrow".
V-ali Insu~it deja eu siguranpi cuvintele noi. Pentru verificare, traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte In
limba engleza:
rozatoare > rodent

cioara > crow
drum de tara > country Jane

laptarie > dairy
ferma mixta > mixed fannmg

~obolan > rat
vite > cattle
produse lactate > daIry produce
sperietoare (de ciori) > scarecrow
gard viu > hedge
cultivarea de plante > arabic farming
crescatorie de vite > c,lttlc farmlllg
12
Acum vom inviita pronumele reflexiv. Formele sale sunt:
1 myself > rmaiseltl
you yourself > [io:rselfj
he himself > [himself]
she herself > [ha: rseltl
it itself > ritseltl
we ourselves >[auarselvzl
you yourselves >[ io:rselvzl
they themselves > [D'emselvz]
Urmariti folosirea acestor forme In propozitii:
He hurt himself. >[hi: ha:rt himselfl - S-a ranit (ellnsu~i).
They offered themselves for >rD/ el ot~l'd D/emselvz - S-au oferit (ei1n~i~i)
this job. fo: r D/is dJob 1 pentru aceasta munca.
1 can't see myself in this >[al ka:nt si: maiselfin - Nu rna pot vedea In
IDlrror. D/is mirarl aceasta oglinda.
Look at yourself! > [Iuk Et io:rseltl - Prive~te-te!
Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza:
Mi-am cumparat 0 ma~ina. >T have bought a car for myself.
Ea ~i-a calcat 0 bluza. >She ironed a blouse for herself.
M-am ranit. >1 have hurt myself.
Aceasta nu-i va rani pe ei, ci pe tine Insuti! >This will not hurt them. but yourself'
Iatii-ne din nou la vorbirea indirectii ~i la concordanta timpurilor. Regulile de concordantii ale
timpurilor in cazul trecutului simplu ~i al prezentului perfect sunt:
Simple Past Past Perfect
Present Perfect Past Perfect
De exemplu:
Mary told me "1 was there three years ago". - John said he had never seen a scarecrow.
John said "1 have never seen a scarecrow". - Mary told me she had been there three
years before.
Retinep.: In vorbirea indirecta, tn locul adverbului ago se folose~te

adverbul before!
13
Cu ajutorul celor invatate, folositi fonna corespunzatoare a verbelor in unnatoarele propozitii in
limba engleza:
Peter a spus ca nu a vazut acel film. - Peter said he > hadn't watc hed that film.
Am auzit ieri ca ei nu s-au intors inca. - I heard yesterday they >hadn't rctumedyet.
John a spus ca nu I-a cunoscut pe omul acela. - John said he > hadn't known that man.
Mary a citlt ca administratia acestei fabrici - Mary read that the management ofthis factory
nu a concediat muncitorii. > hadn't fired the labourers.
Sa mai invatam cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie eu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntia lor:
of course > ray ko:fs] - bineinteles, desigur, fire~te
along > [alon(gl] - de-a lungul, in lungul
hannful > rha:fmfal] - daunator, rau
wet > ["etl - ud, umed, ploios
dry > [drail - uscat
profitable > [protitabl] - profitabil, rentabil
Iar acum sa exersam cuvintele noi in propozitii. Incercati sa Ie traduceti:
Of course it is true. > [0\ ko:fsitiztrll.] - Bineinteles ca este adevarat.

There are hedges along > [D'e~lfa: f hedjlz alon(") - De-a lungul drumului sunt
the road. D/a raud] garduri vii.
Is smoking hannful? > [IZ smaukin(g) ha mfall
f - Fumatul este daunator?
Don't store com in a wet > rdaunt sto· f ko fn 111 a "et - Nu depozita graul intr-un loc
place. plels] umed!
This month has been > rD'lsmanT'hEzbi:n - Luna aeeasta a fost foarte
very dry. veri drai] uscata.
Is agriculture profitable? > [IZ Egrikalt~af profitabll - Agricultura este profitabila?
Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Strazile nu sunt inca uscate. - The streets are not> dry yet.
Ce cre~te bine de-a lungul drumurilor? - What grows well >alongthe roads?
Ce este mai rentabil, cultivarea plantelor sau - Which is more >profitablc, arable
cre~terea vitelor? fanning or cattle fanning?
Rozatoarele sunt foarte daunatoare. - Rodents are very > h,mn fu I.
Care este cea mai umeda luna a anului? - Which is the >wettest month of the year?
Bineinteles ca el poate conduce 0 ma~ina. - > Of COUI se he can drive a car.
14
Verificati-va cuno~tinte1e. Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
uscat > dry
bineinteles, desigur > of coursc
de-a lungul, in lungul > along
profitabil, avantajos > profitable
daunator > harmful
umed, ploios > wct
lata acum verbe noi:
to scare > [tu skca'] - a speria, a ingrozi, a inspaimanta
to shear > [tll ~la'l - a tunde
to plant > [tu pla:nt] - a planta, a sarli
to dry > [tu drilll - a usca
to yield > [tu li:ldl - a produce, a da, a rezulta, a ceda
to set > [t\1 sct] - a pune, a a~eza, a situa
to cover > [tu kava'] - a acoperi, a inveli
Doua dintre verbe sunt neregulate. Invatati formele lor:
formal forma a II-a forma a III-a
shear > [~i[l'l sheared > [~ia'dl shom > [~o:'n]
set > [sct] set > [sct] set > [sdj
lata verbele noi in propozitii. Nu uitati nici de exersarea pronuntiei:
Have I scared you? > [hE\' a; skca'd iu:l - Te-am speriat?

We sheared the sheep > lUi: ~ia'd IYa ~i:p - Noi am tuns oile in martie.
in March. in ma:'t~l
The com dried for many > [Dla ko:'n dr'lld to:' meni - Graul s-a uscat timp de mai multe
weeks. "i:ksl saptamani.
How much has the crop > [hau mat~ hEz D/a krop - Cat a fost recolta de grau?
yielded? li.ldid]
We asked him to do it, but > lUi: askt bim tu du: it hat - Noi I-am rugat sa faca asta,
he didn't want to yield. hi: didnt Uont tu iI: Id] dar el nu a cedat.
She set the flowers in water. > [~i: sct IYa tlaua'z in "u:ta'] - Ea a pus florile in apa.
The thunderstorm scared us. > [D/a T'an(b'~to:'m skca'd as I - Furtuna (cu trasnete) ne-a speriat.
Cover the breadl > [kava' 1Ya brcll1 - Acopera painea!
15
lar acum introduceti fonna corespunzatoare a verbului in unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ei au tuns oile Intr-o zi insorita. - They >shcarcd the sheep on a sunny day.
Noi am pus ieri cartofii. - We >plantcd the potatoes yesterday.
Sperietoarea nu sperie pasarile. - The scarecrow doesn't >scarc the birds.
Cerealele s-au uscat bine. - The com >dricd well.
Trebuie sa pui asta langa fereastra. - You must >sct it next to the window.
El a uitat sa acopere mancarea. - He forgot about >covcnng the food.
Verificati-va cuno~tintele. Traduceti unnatoarele verbe in limba engleza:
asperia > to scarc

~
a planta, a sadi > to plant
a tunde > to shcar
a usca > to drv
a produce, a rezulta, a da > to yield
a pune, a a~eza > to sct
a acoperi, a inveli > to covcr
In vorbirea indirectii, verbul auxiliar will,folosit laformarea timpului viitor simplu (Simple Future)
are forma de trecut - would:
She said "1 will not go there". - She said she would not go there.
John said "1 will have dinner at seven". - John said he would have dinner at seven.
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Peter a spus ca va fi acolo. > Petcr SaId he would bc thcre
Mama a spus ca vom sadi ro~iile > :'v1othcr smd wc would plant tomatocs
In pamantul acela. in that field.
lata ultimu1 exercitiu al lectiei, in care vom recapitula intregul material. Traduceti urmatoarele
Maine va trebui sa semanam graul. > Tomol1"ow wc wil] havc to sow wheat.
Tata a spus ca este sanatos. > father said hc was hcalthy.

Ai muls deja toate vacile? > Havc you milked all the eows yct'?
Ea pastreaza intotdeauna ziarele vechi! > She is always storing old nc\\spapers!
El a spus ca rozatoarele au mancat toata > Hc said rodcnts had eatcn all thc rye.
secara.
Prive~te-te!l Uita-te la tine! > Look at yourself'
16
El a spus ea a vazut-o acum doua saptamani. > He said he had seen her two weeks before.
Maine vom seeera. > \Ve are haryesting tomOlTOw.
Unde vom depozita orzul? > Where will we store the barley?
Ei vorbesc mereu despre ma~inile lor rapide. > They arc always talking about their fast cars.
Graul nu poate fi arat Inca. > The com cannot be harvested yet.
Doar pamanturile fertile vor da 0 recolta mare. > Only the feliile fields will yield !TIuch.
Vitele pase pe pa~une. > The cattle graze in the pastures.
In hambarul nostru sunt ~obolani. > There are rats in our ham.
Rozatoarele mananca graunte de cereale. > Rodents cat grains of corn.
Imi place sa rna plimb de-a lungul > I like walking along the country lanes.
drumurilor de tara.
Este Taptarie In satul vostru? > Is there a dairy in your village?
Bineinteles ca am tuns deja oile. > Of eourse we have shorn the sheep already.
In Incheiere urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Literele aflate in aceea~i coloana ~i notate cu caractere
accentuate desemneaza un sunet identic. Cititi cu voce tare cuvintele ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
r0:1 rEl raul raul raul
shorn rat plough farmer rodent
com cattle cow barley crow
worn cash now bam sow
forty fat brown car show
caught flat mouth father blow
17
, 25
25.1. Verbul auxiliar modal must - care exprima necesitatea, obligatia - poate fi inlocuit cu verbul
to have to. Verbul to have to nu este un verb auxiliar modal:
She has to drink less coffee. - Ea trebuie sa bea mai putina cafea.
Verbul auxiliar must are doar forma de prezent. La timpurile trecut ~i viitor in locul lui se
folose~te verbul to have to.
25.2. Vorbirea indirecUi
25.2.1. Vorbirea indirecta este folosita pentru a parafraza spusele cuiva.
25.2.2. Daca verbul propozitiei principale este La timpul trecut (Simple Past, Past
Continuous, Past Perfect) atunci verbul propozitiei secundare se schimba conform
regulii de concordanta a timpurilor, care este urmatoarea:
Simple Present ~ Simple Past
Present Continuous ~ Past Continuous
Simple Past ~ Past Perfect
Present Perfect ~ Past Perfect
will ~ would
Forma verbului la timpul Past Perfect ramane neschimbata.
John said he liked coffee. - John a spus ca ii place cafeaua.
Peter said she was cooking dinner. - Peter a spus ca ea a gate~te cina.
John said he had never seen - John a spus ca nu a vazut niciodata

a scarecrow. o sperietoare.
Mary told me she had been there - Mary mi-a spus ca a fost acolo in urma
three years before. cu trei ani.
25.2.3. In vorbirea indirecta in locul adverbului ago se folose~te adverbul before.
25.3. Timpul Prezent Continuu
Cu ajutorul timpului Present Continuous putem exprima ~i atitudinea critica (nerabdare,

nervozitate, suparare) in legatura eu 0 activitate sau un eveniment. Complementul de timp eel
mai des utilizat in acest caz este always, care aici are semnificatia de intotdeauna, mereu.
He is always forbidding me watching TV! - Imi interzice intotdeauna sa rna uit

la televizor!
18
25.4. Pronumele reflexiv
Formele sale sunt:
Pronumele personal Pronumele reflexiv
~ myself > [ma/self]
you ~ yourself > [w:'seltl
he ~ himself > [hnl1self]
she ~ herself > [ha:'seltl
it ~ itself > [itseltl
we ~ ourselves > [a lla rsel \'z]
you ~ yourselves > I io:rsel\'z]
they ~ themselves > r IYcmsel\'z]
He hurt himself. - El s-a ranit.
They offered themselves for this job. - Ei jn~i~i s-au oferit pentru aceasta munca.
19
A Traduce~i unnatoarele propozitii in limba romana:
I. She said they had harvested all the barley.
2. Why are you always storing these useless things?
3. Peter will have to milk all the cows in the pasture.
4. Will you buy yourself a new car now?
5. Who said my wife was ugly?
6. Mary said she had sown the seeds two hours before.
B. Traduee~i unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I. Ace~ti eopii groaznici ne sperie intotdeauna animalele!
2. £1 a spus ea nu i-a placut sa mearga pe jos pe aeest drum de tara.
3. Trebuie sa faeem 0 sperietoare de ciori.
4. John a spus ca cre~terea vitelor nu a fost rentabila in unna eu doi ani.
5. Iti voi spune ceva despre mine insumi.
6. Tata mi-a spus ca vom planta tlori in gradina.
c. Gasiti ~i eorectati gre~elile din propozitiile unnatoare:
I. John said he likes dairy produce.
2. Why are they always drive old cars?
3. They have just bought a new house for themselfs.
4. Next month I will must shear the sheep.
5. I think it is possible to fertile this soil.
20
LECTIA
, 26 PARTEA "INTAI
"
ineepem leetia ell un grup de substantive noi. Cititi-le eu voce tare ~i

retineti intelesul lor in Iimba romana:
frost > [frost] - ger, inghet
rainbow > [reinbou] - cureubeu
thunder > [T'andi{] - tunet
heat-wave > [hi:t lI c iv] - val de caldura
hailstone > [heilstaun] - grindina
distance > [distans] - distanta, departare
shelter > r~eltijr] - adapost, refugiu
ditch > rdit~] - ~ant, canal ..
twilight > rtllailait] - amurg, crepuscul
sunset > [sansct] - apus de soare
dawn > [do:n] - zori
lightning > [laitnin(!!)] - fulger
Acum repetati acelea~i cuvinte, dar in alta ordine:
hailstone > [heilstaun] - grindina
distance > [disUms] - distanta, departare
frost > [frost] - ger, inghet
lightning > rlaitnin(~I] - fulger
ditch > rdit~] - ~ant, canal
shelter > [~eltar] - adapost, refugiu
thunder > [T'anda1 - tunet
rainbow > [reinbou] - eureubeu
heat-wave > [hi:t lI eiv] - val de caldura
dawn >[do:n] - zori
sunset > [sansct] - apus de soare
twilight > [t'lail ait] - amurg, crepuscul
21
lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii. Repetati propozitiile cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la
pronuntie:
There hasn't been frost yet. > [IYea' hEznt bm frost iet] - Nu a fost inca inghet.
The ditches are frozen. - ~anturile au inghetat.
How many colours has > [hau meni kala'z hEz - Cite culori are un curcubeu?
a rainbow? a rClIlbou]
Thunder scares many people. > [T'anda' skca'z meni pi:pl] - Tunetul sperie multi oameni.
We saw the village in > lUi: so: D'ii vilidJ in - Noi am vazut satul in departare.
the distance. DLa distans]
They found no shelter. > [D/ei hlUnd nau ~elta'l - Nu au gasit adapost.
He continued ploughing > [hi. kantinlU:d plauII1(g) - £1 a continuat sa are in amurg.

in the twilight. III D/a t"arlalt]
Can we work after sunset? > [kEn "I' "a 'k a. fta' sanset] - Putem sa lucram dupa asfintit?
The heat-wave started > [D/a hI. t "el\' sta:'tid - Valul de caldura a inceput
in June. 111 dJu 'n] in iunie.
The hailstones were very big. > [DL a hedstaunz "a '\ en bIg] - Grindina a fost foarte mare.
Farmers start working > [farma'z sta:'t "a"kIl1(~1 - Fermierii incep sa lucreze
at dawn. Etdo:n] in zori.
Did you see the lightning? - Ai vazut fulgerul?
In continuare sa exersam cuvintele noi. Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele

A fost putin inghet iama aceea. - There was little> tj'ost that winter.
Tunetul a speriat copiii. - The >thunder scared the children.
Unele apusuri de soare sunt minunate. - Some >sunscts are beautiful.
Noi am gasit un adapost pe timpul furtunii. - We found a >shelter during the thunder-storm.
Imi plac zorile. - I like the >dawn.
Ce animale traiesc in canale? - What animals live in the >ditches?
Noi nu am vazut fulgerul. - We didn't see the >lightning.
Valurile de caldura nu sunt dese. - >Heat-wa\'cs don't often happen.
Curcubeul apare adesea dupa ploile torentiale. - There is often a >rainbow after a shower.
Ce distanta este intre cele doua sate? - What is the >distancc between
the two villages?
Nu ne-am inHilnit cu nimeni in amurg. - We met nobody in the >twtlight.
22
Desigm ati retinut deja corespondentul romanesc al urmatoarelor cuvinte in limba engleza:
val de caldura > Ilcat-wave

apus de soare, asfintit > sunset
zon > dawn
cmcubeu > r2inbow
inghet > fi'ost
tunet > thunder
grindina > hailstone
amurg > twilight
fulger > lightning
distanta > distance
~ant, canal > ditch
adapost > shelter
Pronumele de tipul myself, themselves pierd caracterul reflexiv, dadi le folosim pentru accentuarea
altor suhstantive sau adverhe, devenind pronume de intarire. De exemplu:
I myself have given it to you. - Eu insumi ti I-am dat.

You have done it yomself. - Tu insuti ai facut-o.
We shall plough the fields ourselves. - Noi in~ine ne vom ara pamantmile.
He has heard it from the doctor himself. - EI a auzit asta chiar de la doctor.
Dupa cum ati putut ohserva, In aceste cazuri prol1l11nele poate sa stea la mJjlocul sau la sfar,~itul
propozi{iei, lara a-~'i pierde caractentl de Intarire:
You yomself have done it. sail: You have done it yomself.
"Have you done it yourself?"
23
lata un grup de cuvinte noi:
mild > [matldl - bland, blajin, moderat
raw - crud, nefiert, aspru
piercing - patrunzator, ascutit
cool > [ku·ll - racoros
gloomy > [glu:JnJ] - intunecos, sumbru
unsettled > [ansctald] - variabil, schimbator
endless > [cndlis] - nesIar~it, interminabil, lara SIar~it
lar acum cititi acest scurt text referitor la starea vremii:
It is a gloomy day today. A piercing wind is blowing and there is raw frost. ~
Yesterday the wind was cool but it was mild. The weather is always unsettled
in this region and it often rains. Sometimes the rain is endless.
Sa urmarim fiecare propozitie separat. Fiti atenti la traducerea lor:
It is a gloomy day today. > [It 17 a glu.mi de! tadc!] - Azi vremea este intunecata.
A piercing wind is blowing > [a plarsin,gl "lnd i7 blau\I1(gj - Sufla un vant patrunzator
and there is raw frost. End Olear 17 roo frost] ~i este un frig aspru.
Yesterday the wind was cool > [Icstarc.lu O/a l1\11d 11 07 - leri vantul a fost racoros,
but it was mild. ku 1 bat it 11 07 matld] dar vremea a fost blanda.
The weather is always > [O/a lI eo/ a r iz o.lllei7 - Vremea este mereu
unsettled in this region ansetald in O/is ri:djan schimbatoare in aceasta
and it often rains. End it ufn relllz] regiune ~i ploua des.
Sometimes the rain is endless. > [samtallnz 0 / 5 relll iz end lis] - Uneori ploua rara sIar~it.
Pentru a exersa cuvintele noi, completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
In luna martie vremea a fost mai blanda - March was >mtlder than May.
decat in luna maio
Este un om sumbru. - He is a >gloomy man.
Nu-mi place acest frig patrunzator. - I don't like this >picrcmg cold.
In aceasta tara vremea este - In this country the weather

de obicei schimbatoare. is usually >unsettlcd.
Noi a trebuit sa lucram in vantul acela aspru. - We had to work in the >raw wind.
Lucram mai bine atunci cand este racoare. - We can work better when it is >cool.
Pentru unii oameni 0 saptamana - To some people a week

poate fi interminabila. can be >endlcss.
24
Ati retinut deja cuvintele noi? Traduceti-le in limba engleza:
crud, aspru > raw
nesIar~it > endless
schimbator > unsettled
racoros > cool
intunecat, sumbru > gloomy
moderat >mild
patrunzator, ascutit > piercing
lata un exemplu de folosire a timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past):
Forma de trenlt a verbului sefoloseite pentru a exprima ipotezele. dorill{ele, In propozi{iile secundare
cerute de unniitoarele cuvinte ii expresii:
it is time >[itiztaim] - este timpul
I wish >[ai"i~l - a~ dori ... , a~ vrea (sa fie ...)
if > [itl - daca, presupunand ca...

if only > [ifaunli] - cat de bine ar fi, a~ dori mult
(aceasta expresie de multe ori nu
se traduce in limba roman a)
suppose > rsapauz] - sa presupunem
fancy > [fEnsi] - a-~i imagina, a-~i inchipui
Imagme > [imEdjin] - a-~i imagina, a-~i Inchipui
it would be better if > rit "ud hi: beta' itl - ar fi mai bine daea...
lata aceste expresii In propozitii:
It is time you went home. - Este timpul sa pleei acasa.

I wish I were rich. - A~ dori sa fiu bogat.
It would be better if we didn't leave early. -Ar fi mai bine daea nu am pleca devreme.
If only there wcre cnough timc! - Cat de bine ar fi sa avem timp suficient!
Suppose he came today. - Sa presupunem ea ar vcni astazi.
Imaginc you had a lot of money. - Imagineaza-ti ea ai avca 0 multime dc bani.
Fancy if the man you saw were yom father! - Inchipuic~te-ti ca omul pc care l-ai vazut ar fi
tatal tau!
In accste propozitii secundarc se folosc~te doar 0 singura forma a verbului

to be, forma de trceut were.
25
Acum sa exersam folosirea timpului trecut simplu. Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
A~ vrea sa ~tiu ce sa fac. - I wish I >knew what to do.
Este timpul sa-ti scrie 0 scrisoare. - It is time he :::wrote a letter to you.
lnchipuie~te-ti ca aceasta casa ar fi a mea. - Fancy ifthis house :::were mine.
De-ar conduce mai repede! - If only he >drove faster!
Sa presupunem ca ne oprim aici. - Suppose we >stopped here.
Imagineaza-ti ca John ar fi un bun conducator auto. - Imagine if John >were a good driver.
Ar fi mai bine daca ei nu ~i-aI' lua caine. - It would be better if they >didn't buy a dog.
Speram ca ati reu~it sa rezolvati exercitiul anterior. Sa invatam cateva verbe noi:
to shiver > [tu ~iva'] - a tremura, a diirdiii (de frig)
to rumble >[turambl] - a bubui
to seem >[tLlsi:ml - a parea, a da impresia
to die > [tu d'll] - amuri
to damage > [tLl dEmidJl - a dcteriora, a strica, a distruge
to suffer > [tu ,.,afa'] - a suferi
Forma de gerunziu - gerund - a verbului to die este dying.
Acum urmariti folosirea verbelor 111 propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare:
We shivered with cold. - Noi am tremurat de frig.
The thunder was rumbling > rD/a T'anda' "0Z ramblill(gl - Tunetul a bubuit
in the distance. in D1a distans] In departare.
The ploughing seemed endless. > [Ola plautn lg ) si:md endlis] - Parea ca nu se mai termina
aratul.
Who died? > [hu: da/d] - Cine a murit?
The hailstones have damaged > r lYa hetlstoullZ hEy - Grindina a distrus recolta.
the crop. delmdjd IYa krop]
The cattle are suffering > [D/a kEti a:' safa'lI1(c) - Vitele sufera de caldura.
from heat. from hi:t]
26
Iar acum e n'indul dumneavoastra. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu formele corespunzatoare
ale verbelor:
Cine ne-a stricat ma~ina noaptea trecuta? - Who >damaged our car last night?
Pana acum parea a fi nefolositor. - It has >seem~duseless so far.
Noi am tremurat in frigul patrunzator. - We >shlvcrl"d in the piercing cold.

Ei au suferit prea multa vreme deja. - They have> suffered too long already.
Ea a murit intr-un accident. - She >dicdin an accident.
Desigur dupa acest exercitiu ~titi deja pe de rost verbele noi. Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza:
a parea, ada impresia > to seem

a suferi > to suffer
a tremura, a diirdiii > to shiver
amurl > to die
a deteriora, a strica > to damage
a bubui > to rumble
Iar acum ne yom ocupa din nou de pronumele re1ativ.
$tim deja cii pronumele that poate introduce propozi!ia secundarii relativii restrictivii. In cazul
propozi!iilor secundare restrictive, In loclll pronumelui which se folose~te In mod obligatoriu acest
prolll/me. In mlilte cazuri Insii, pronllmele that poate fi omis, ca de exemplu In lIrmiitoarele cazllri:
I. DlIpii superlativ:
It is the best film (that) I have ever seen. - Este eel mai bun film pe care I-am vazut.
He bought the cheapest bicycle (that) - El a cumparat cea mai ieftina bicicleta
they showed him. pe care i-au aratat-o.
These are the highest wages (that) - Acestea sunt ce1e mai ridicate salarii
they pay. pe care Ie pIatesc.
This is the fastest plane (that) I have ever seen. - Acesta este cel mai rapid avion pe care
I-am V3zut vreodata.
2. Dupii lIrmiitoarele cuvinte el1gleze,~ti:
everything anything something nothing

few little much
DlIpii all:
Everything (that) you see is his. - Tot ceea ce vezi, este allui.
This is something (that) I don't understand. - Acesta este ceva ce nu inteleg.
Is there anything (that) I have forgotten? - Este ceva ce am uitat?
There is little (that) I can do for you. - Este putin ceea ce pot face pentru tine.
All (that) we have bought is in the kitchen. - Tot ceea ce am cumparat este in bucatarie.
27
3. Dupa adjectivele any $i only:
Is there any information (that) you can give me? - Este vreo informatie pe care mi-o poti da?
This is the only news (that) I have heard. - Este singura ~tire pe care am auzit-o.
Pentru a exersa cele Invatate anterior, tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Este raul eel mai lat pe care I-am vazut vreodata. > This IS the widest nver (that) I have ever seen.
Nu au nimic care ar merita acei bani. > They have nothing that IS worth the money.
Este ceva ce ar trebui sa ~tiu? > Is there anything (that) I must know?
Ai vreo carte pe care a~ putea sa 0 iau? > Have you any books (that) J can take'?
In ultimul exercitiu de traducere allectiei ne yom referi la temele tratate anterior. Traduceti propozitiile
In limba engleza:
Ellnsu~i vrea sa 0 faca. > He \\ants to do it himself

Voi face tot ce este neeesar. > I will do everythl1lg that IS necessary.
Este timpul sa lucrezi mai din greu. > It IS tnne you wOlked a little harder.
Vreau sa seman orz. > I want to sow barley.
Singurullueru (care a fost) deteriorat > The only thl1lg that was damaged
a fost bieicleta mea. was my bicycle.
De n-ar fi vremea aHit de sumbra! > If only the weather welTn't so gloomy!
Ei in~i~i au vazut grindina! > They ha\ e seen hailstones themselves!
A fost eel mai lung val de ealdura pc care > ThiS was the longest heat-wave (that)
I-am avut vreodata. we have e\'er had.
Va fi racoare la noapte. > It will be cool tonight.
A~ vrea sa nu tremur atat! > T wish T dIdn't sh1\'er so'
A~ vrea ca vremea sa nu fie sehimbatoare. > I wIsh the weather were not unsettled.
Nu a fost mult ce am putut vedea In amurg. > There was not much that we could sec
111 the twilight.
lata exercitiuI de pronuntie. Literele scrise accentuat aflate In aceea~i coloana, desemneaza un sunet
identic:
ra1
heat suffer shiver
seem rumble rain ditch
seed cut lane milk
feed but grain fish
28
LECTIA
Exersa!i accentul ~i intonatia in urmatorul dialog. Cititi propozi!iile cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la
pronuntia cuvintelor ~i a silabelor scrise accentuat:
John: Barbara, I just read in the newspaper that to people who live in the country and earn their
money in agriculture, the weather is much more important than to those who live in a town
or city.
Barbara: That's right, favourable weather is necessary for a good crop.
John: But sometimes it is too dry and at other times it is too wet.
Barbara: There has to be enough sun, too.
John: Yes, but if it is too dry for too long, the crop will not grow fast enough.
Barbara: But we know that farmers are not easily satisfied.
Mary: Peter, did you listen to what Barbara and John have just said?
Peter: Yes, I did. The weather is something to talk about every day and everywhere.
Mary: When people meet, they like to talk about the weather.
Peter: They are glad when they can sit in the sun for example.
Barbara: Sometimes the weather can give us beautiful things.

Tom: A lightning can be very impressive, but it also scares some people.
Barbara: Is there anybody who doesn't enjoy looking at a rainbow? And what about a beautiful
sunset?
Tom: Even a thunderstorm or a shower can be beautiful.
Barbara: The best thing is to be satisfied with the weather, for there is nothing that we can change
about it.
In incheiere urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere in care am sintetizat cele invatate pana acum. Traduceti
propozitiile in limba englcza:
Nu poate fi adevarat ee spui. > What you say cannot be true.
Maine pleeam la Madrid. > \"lYe are leaving for Madrid tomOITOw.
Ei in~i~i au plantat aee~ti eartofi. > They planted these potatoes themselves.
El vorbc~te mereu despre m~ina lui rapida. > He is always talking about his fast car.
Aeesta este eeva ce nu am vazut niciodata > This is something that I have never seen
pana acum. before.
Cine cite~te cfu1;i, va inva!a multo > Who reads books will \cam much.
El ma duce acasa cu ma~ina diseara. > He is driving me home tonight.
De s-ar schimba vremea! > If only the weather changed!
Ei s-au oferit (singuri) sa reeolteze secara. > They offered themselves to harvest the rye.
Cand vrci sa tunzi oile? > Whcn do yOll want to shear the sheep')
Am vazut eu insumi asta. > I have seen it myself.
29
Este singurul grfm pe care I-au depozitat > TIm; IS the only eOIll that has been stored
deja. already.
Este cea mai bHinda vreme pe care noi > This IS the mildest weather that we have
am avut-o de mult timp. had for a long tllne.
Rozatoarele mananca multe eereale. > Rodents cat a lot of corn.
Oamenii de la tara sunt eei mai sanato~i? > Arc eountly people the healthiest ones')
Animalele eele mai da~atoare pe care > The most hannful animals that we know
Ie cunoa~tem sunt ~obolanii. arc rats.
Cre~terea vitelor este Inca rentabila? > is cattle farming still profitable?
Vitele sufera de frigul aspru. > The cattle arc suffcrIng from the raw cold.
Aceasta pa~une este prea umeda. > This pasture is too wet.
Este eeva ee a fost deteriorat de grindma? > ]s there anything that has been damaged ~
by hailstones')
De ee sunt garduri vii de-a lungul > Why arc there hedges along the country lane?
drumurilor de tara?
Multi oameni batdini au murit In timpul > Many old people died during the heat-wave.
valului de ealdura.
Au fost tunse deja oile? > Have the sheep been shorn yet?
Aeesta este eeva ee nu pare a fi posibil. > This is something that doesn't seem to
be pOSSIble.
Acest camp nu a dat nimic ee poate fi vandut. > This field has yielded nothlllg that
can be sold.
Noi am auzit bubuitul tunetului > We heard the thunder rumbhng

In departare. in the distance.
Ei au continuat sa recolteze In amurg. > They \\ ent on harvestll1g in the twilight
"This is something that I have never seen before."
30
, 26
26.1. Pronumele de tipul myself, themselves Ie putem folosi ~i pentru accentuarea altor substantive.
In aceste cazuri Ie numim pronume de intarire ~i accentul cade pe prima silaba a cuvantului.
r myself have given it to you. - Eu insumi ti-am dat asta.

In acest caz, pronumele sta la mijlocul sau la sIar~itul propozitiei, rara a-~i pierde caracterul de
intarire.
You yourself have done it.
You have done it yourself.
26.2. Forma de trecut a verbului se folose~te pentru a exprima ipoteze, dorinte, in ace Ie propozitii
secundare cerute de urmatoarele cuvinte $i expresii;
it is timc - este timpul

I wish - a$ dori ..., a~ vrea sa fie .
if - daca, presupunand ca .
if only - exprima 0 dorinta puternica de exemplu:
"de-ar fi ..." de multe ori nu se traduce in
Iimba romana.
suppose - presupunand
fancy - a-~i imagina, a-~i inchipui
imagine - a-~i imagina, a-~i inchipui
it would be better if - ar fi mai bine daca
Aceste propozitii secundare se refera intotdeauna la prezent sau viitor, de exemplu;
It is time you went home. - Este timpul sa pleci acasa.
r wish I were rich. - A~ vrea sa fiu bogat.
In accstc propozitii secundare se folose~te doar forma de trecut were a verbului to be.
26.3. Pronumele relativ that se poate omite in unnatoarelc situatii;

I. Dupa superlativ;
It is the best film (that) I have ever seen. - Este eel mai bun film pe care I-am vazut.
He bought the cheapest bicycle (that) - EI a cumparat cca mai ieftina-bicicl;ta
they showed him. pe care i-au aratat-o.
2. Dupa urmatoarele cuvinte engleze~ti:

few little much
Dupa all.
3. Dupa adjectivele any ~i only:

Is there any information (that) - Estc vreo informatie pe care
you can give me? mi-o poti da?
31
A Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba romana:
l. They built their house themselves.

2. If only my daughter were more beautiful!
3. It would be better if they didn't damage our fridge.
4. I have never seen anything more exciting.
5. They are the only people I like.
6. Can you tell me why they are digging ditches?
B. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza:
I. De-ar fi copiii mei mai de~tepti!
2. Imagineaza-ti ca ai gasit un portmoneu cu bani.

3. Crezi ca ellnsu~i a deteriorat acest lucru?
4. Este tot ce pot face pentru tine.
5. Este timpul sa pleci la lucru!
6. Nu-mi place frigul patrunzator ~i vantul aspru.
I. I wish I am younger.
2. The thunder rumblled in the distance.
3. We will see the sunset ourselfs.
4. This gloomy weather is endles.
5. Their flower is dieing.
32
Lista verbelor neregulate din lectiile 25 ~i 26
set > r~ct] set > rset] set > rset]

shear > r~ia'] sheared> rsia'd] shorn > I~o:'nl
sow > r,ou] sowed > rsOlid] sown > rsoun ]
33
, 25 SI
, 26
agricultural > rEgrikalt~aral] - agricol
agriculture > rEgnkalt~ar] - agricultura
along > [alon(l"l - de-a lungul, in lungul
arable fanning > [Erabl fa,rmin(gl] - cultivarea plantelor
barley > [ba:rlil - orz
barn > [ba:rn] - hambar, ~ura, ~opron
cattle fanning > [kEtl fa:Imin(gl] - cre~terea vitelor
cool > r ku:1] - racoros
corn > rko:rnl - grane, cereale, grau, porumb
country lane > rkantri kin] - drum de tara
to cover > I tu kava I] - a acoperi, a inveli
cow > [kau] - vaca
crow > [haul - cioara
dairy > [Jeari] - Hiptarie, fabrica de prelucrare

a laptelui
dairy produce > [Jean prodlU:s] - produse lactate
to damage > [tu dEmidl] - a deteriora, a strica, a distruge
dawn > [Jo:n] - zori, aurora
to die > [tu dal] - a muri, a deceda
distance > [ Jistans] - distanta, departare
ditch > [dit:;;] - ~ant, canal
dry > [drail - uscat
to dry > [tu dral] - a usca
endless > rendlis] - nesrar~it, interminabil
except > [Iksept] - cu exceptia, in afara de
tu fail > [tu tl:tll - a nu reu~i, a cadea
to fancy > [tu tEnsl] - a-~i imagina, a-~i inchipui
farmhand > [fa:rmhEnd] - muncitor agricol
fertile > [fa:rtatl] - fertil, rodnic
frost > [n'ostl - ger, inghet
furrow > [faroul - brazda
34
gloomy > [glu:mi] - intunecos, sumbru
grain > [grem] - graunte, bob
to graze > [tu grciz] - a pa~te, a duce la pascut
hailstone > [hl'ilstaun] - grindina
harmful > [ha:'mfal] - daunator, rau
to harvest > [tu ha:'vist] - a recolta, a strange, a secera
to have > [tu hEy tu] - a trebui
to healthy > [hl'IT'i] - sanatos
heat-wave > [Ili:t Uciv] - val de caldura
herself > [ha:'selfj - ea insa~i, chiar ea
himself > [himseltl - el insu~i, chiar el
if only > [ifaunli] - cat de mult ... , de-ar ...
to imagine > [tu imEdjin] - a-~i inchipui, a-~i imagina
interesting > [intrastin(g)] - interesant
itself > [itselfj - el 'insu~i
it is time > [it iz taim] - este timpul
it would be better if > [it "ud bl: beta' if] - ar fi mai bine daca
I wish > [ai "i~] - a~ dori, a~ vrea sa fie
lightning > [laitnin(~I] - fulger
mild > [maild] - bland, blajin, moderat
to milk > [tu milk] - a mulge
mixed fanning > [mikst fa:rmin(g)] - cultivare mixta
myself > [maiselfj - insumi, insami, chiar eu
of course > [av ko:rs] - bineinteles, desigur, fire~te
oneself > [" anse lfj - insu~i, insa~i
ourselves > [auarselvz] - in~ine
pasture > [pa'st<;;il'] - pa~une
piercing > [pia'sin(vl] - patrunzator, ascu!it
to plant > [tu pla:nt] - a planta, a sadi
plough > [piau] - plug
possible > [posibl] - posibil, cu putinta
35
profitable > [profitabl] - profitabil, rentabil
rainbow > [rel11b(lul - curcubeu
rat > [I Ell - ~obolan
raw > [ro:l - crud, nefiert, neprelucrat, aspru
regularly > [rcglUla'lll - in mod regulat/obi~nuit
rodent > [rIludentl - rozator
to rumble > [nu rambll - a bubui
to scare > [tu skea'l - a speria
scarecrow > [skea'kraul - sperietoare (de ciori)
to seem
seed
> [tu sun1
> [si ,dl

- a parea, a da impresia
- samanta
4 ..,
to set > [tu set] - a pune, a a~eza, a situa
to shear > [tu sia'] - a tunde
shelter > [~elta'l - adapost, refugiu
to shiver > [tu siva'l - a tremura, a dardai (de frig)
to sow > [tu soul - a semana, a insamanta
to store > [tu sto :'1 - a tine/a depozita
to suffer (from) > [tu safarl - a suferi de
sunset > [sansetl - apus de soare, asfintit
to suppose > [tu sa[Juuzl - a presupune, a-~i inchipui
themselves
thunder
> [D/emsel\'71
> [randa'l
- in~i~i,
- tunet
insele, chiar ei/ele
• ~
twilight > [tUail alt1 - amurg, crepuscul
tractor > [trEktarl - tractor
unsettled > [ansetaldl - variabil, schimbator
wet > ["etl - ud, umed, ploios, de ploaie
to yield > [tu li,lll] - I. a produce, a da, a rezulta;

2. a ceda
yourself > rIO 'self] - tu insuti sau insati, dumneavoastra

in~iva
yourselves > [10 'schzl - voi, sau dumneavoastra in~iva
36
RECAPITULARE
1. Propozitia conditionala de tipul I se refera la viitor ~i indeplinirea conditiei este posibila:
If I have money I will buy - Daca voi avea bani, voi cumpara"
a new shirt. o cama~a noua.
2. Propozitia conditionala de tipul II se refera la prezent, iar indeplinirea conditiei este putin
probabila sau imposibila:
If I were you I would not buy it. - In locul tau nu l-a~ cumpara.
3. Verbul auxiliar modal "must" - exprima necesitatea, obligatia. Must poate fi inlocuit cu "to
have to" - care nu este un verb auxiliar modal.
She has to write the leter. - Ea trebuie sa scrie scrisoarea.
Verbul auxiliar modal "modal" are doar 0 forma de prezent. La trecut ~i viitor se folose~te in
locullui verbul "to have to".
4. Pronumele relativ "that" se poate omite in urmatoarele situatii:
a) Dupa un superlativ:
It is the best film (that) I have seen. - Este eel mai bun film pe care I-am vazut.
b) Dupa urmatoarele cuvinte:
few little much
c) Dupa adjectivele "any" ~i "only":
Is there any information (that) - Poti sa-mi dai vreo

you can give me? informatie?
,.. ,..
LECTIA
, 27 PARTEA INTAI
Aceasta lectie este consacrata problemelor legislative. Cititi cu voce tare

subsantivele noi ~i retineti traducerea lor in limba romana:
law > [10:] - lege
crime > [krahn] - infractiune, crima
criminal > [kriminl] - criminal
fine > [fain] - amenda, penalizare
pickpocket > [pikpokitJ - hot de buzunare
burglar
burglary
> [bit: 'glafJ
> [bit: fglariJ

- spargator
- spargere (furt)
..,
thief, thieves > [Pi:fl [Pi:vzJ - hot, hoti
theft > [Tsei1J -furt
robbery > [robariJ - jaf, furt
shoplifter > [~oplift~lf] - hot de magazine
prisoner > [prizanafJ - prizonier, detinut
police > [pali:sJ - politie
Exersati cuvintele noi ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
shoplifter > [~opliftafJ - hot de magazine

~
thief, thieves > [T'i:fI[Tsi:vzJ - hot, hoti
law > [lo:J - lege
fine > [f~lin] - amenda, penalizare
pickpocket > [pikpokit] - hot de buzunare
robbery > [robari] - jaf, furt
prisoner > [prizanaf] - prizonier, detinut
police > [pali:s] - politie
crime > [kraim] - infractiune, crima
theft > [Tseft] -furt
burglary > [bit:fgJari] - spargere (furt)
criminal > [kriminl] - criminal
burglar > [bit:fglafJ - spargator
2
Cuvantul police este un substantiv colectiv, precedat intotdeauna de
articolul hotarat the, iar verbul este la plural.
lata cuvintele noi i'n propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i urmariti traducerea lor i'n limba romana:
The law forbids some things. > [DZa 10: forbidz sam T'm(glz] - Legea interzice unele lucruri.
Killing a person is a crime. > [kiJ m(gl a pa:'sl1 IZ a kralln] - A omori' 0 persoana este 0 crima.
A criminal does things that > [a krimml daz T'm(glz rYEt - Criminalul face lucruri care
are forbidden. a." forbidn] sunt interzise.
You must pay the fine. > [Ill. mast pel DZa fam - Trebuie sa pHite~ti amenda.
Pickpockets want to steal > [pik]1oklts "ont III stl:l - Hotii de buzunare vor sa-ti fure
your purse. in.' ]1a.'s] portmoneul.
A burglar enters your house > l a ba" gla' cnta'z lOr haus - Spargatorul intra i'n casa ta
to steal things. tll SIll T'l1l f ,d z ] sa fure lucruri.
There are many burglaries > [D'ea' a r melll bit:' glanz - Sunt multe spargeri
every day. e\'rI del] zilnic.
A thief steals. > [a l'dstl'lz] - Hotul fura.
There are more and > [IYea' a r mo.' End - Sunt din ce i'n ce
more robberies. InO ' robm IZ) mai multe jafuri.
Theft is stealing other > [T'eti IZ sti:lm(gJ aD'ij' - Furtul inseamna sustragerea
people's things. pi plz T'm(glz] lucrurilor altor persoane.
"Shoplifters take things out of shops without paying for them."
3
Shoplifters take things > l~oplIfta'ztelk T'm(glz - Hotii de magazine scot
out of shops without paying aut av sops U IDZaut pelln(gl (sustrag) lucruri din magazine
for them. fa r D'em] rara sa plateasca pentru ele.
A prisoner has escaped. > [a prizana' hEz Iskel pI] - Un prizonier a scapat.
Completati unnatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Multi criminali nu sunt in inchisoare. - Many> cnmmals are not in prison.
Hotii pot fi periculo~i. - > ThIeves can be dangerous.
Furtul de ma~ini este 0 infractiune serioasa? - Is car >thefta serious >cnme?
Hotii de buzunare trebuie sa fie foarte rapizi. - > PIckpockets have to be very fast.
Spargatorul ~i-a rupt piciorul in casa noastra. - The> burglar broke a leg in our house.
leri a avut loc un jaf in apropierea - There was a > robbery near
oficiului po~tal. the post-office yesterday.
Cand a avut loc spargerea aceea? - When was that> burglary?
Detinutii au stat mult timp in inchisoare. - The >pnsoners spent a long time in prison.
Politia cauta doi oameni. - > The polIce are looking for two people.
Aceasta este impotriva legii? - Is this against the > law?
A trebuit sa platim 0 amenda. - We had to pay a >fine.
Hotul de magazine a fost prins - The >shopllfterwas caught

in timp ce parasea magazinul. when he was leaving the shop.
Ati remarcat desigur prepozitia against, care inseamna "impotriva, (in)

contra."
Probabil ati retinut deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
.
amenda, penalizare > fine
prizonier, detinut > pnsoner
hot de magazine > shoplifter
criminal > cnmmal
spargere > burglary
politie > pollee
jaf > robbery
spargator > burglar
lege > law
hot > thIef
hot de buzunare > pickpocket
infractiune, erima >cnme
4
Vii prezentiim acum cel de-al trei/ea tip de propozitie conditionalii. in acest tip de propozitie
condltia nu este realizabi/ii. Verbul din subordonata conditionalii este la timpul Past Perfect, iar in
propozitia principalii verbul este la conditionalul trecut, care are urmatoarea structura:would +
have + forma a III-a a verbului de conjugat.
If the burglar hadn't been caught, we would - Daca spargatorul nu ar fi fost prins,
have lost a lot of money. pierdeam bani multi.
I would have had time to read it - A~ fi avut timp sa 0 citesc,

if you had told me yesterday. daca imi spuneai ieri.
Pe baza exemplelor de mai sus, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
El nu ar fi ajuns la inchisoare, - If he >hadn't stolen this book

daca nu ar fi furat aceasta carte. then he >would not have gone to prison.
Daca noi coseam f'anul mai devreme, - Ifwe >had made hay earlier
I-am fi viindut. we >would have sold it.
A~ fi mers cu tine ieri la cinematograf, - I >would have gone to the cinema with you
daca a~ fi avut timp. yesterday if I >had had time.
Mi-ar fi vorbit despre acellucru, - He >would have told me about it earlier

daca ar fi ~tiut mai devreme. ifhe >had known
Ce ai fi facut daca - What >would you have done if

te concediau atunci? they >had fired you then?
Verbele would ~i could sunt verbe modale. Structura propozitiei interogative in care apar ~i aceste
verbe este: could/would + subiect + verbul de conjugat, de exemplu:
Could you leave yesterday? - Ai putut pleca ieri?
What would you do if you were rich? - Ce ai face daca ai fi bogat?
Forma negativii a acestor verbe sunt:
could not -forma prescurtatii couldn't [kudnt]
would not -forma prescurtatii wouldn't [Uudnt]
They couldn't see us there. - Nu puteau sa ne vada acolo.
My mother wouldn't spend this much - Mama mea nu ar nu ar cheltui atiit,

if she hadn't money. daca nu ar avea bani.
5
lata cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la traducerea lor in limba romana:
innocent > [inasant] inocent, nevinovat
guilty > [giltl] vinovat
obviously > [obviaslI] (in mod) evident
outrageous > [autre/dps] imoral, revoltator
brutal > [bru:tl] brutal, crud
lata cuvintele noi intr-un scurt dialog. Cititi cu atentie dialogul:
A: Do you think this man is guilty?

B: He can't be innocent. He obviously stole the cash from the bank.
A: Yes, that was outrageous. I heard that he had been very brutal.
B: I hope he will go to prison for a long time.
Traduceti propozitiile din text in limba romana:
Do you think this man > [L1u /u: f'inlg1k LYis mEn - Crezi ca acest om
is guilty? lZ giltl] este vinovat?
He can't be innocent. > [hI. ka:nt bi: inasant] - Nu poate fi nevinovat.
He obviously stole the cash > [hI. ob\ las II stau! IYa kE~ - Evident, el a furat banii
from the bank. from D/a bEn(g)k] din banca.
Yes, that was outrageous. > [ICS DIEt "az autreidjas] - A fost intr-adevar, revoltator.
> [ai ha:'d D7Et hi· hEd bl.n ~

I heard that he had been - Am auzit ca a fost
very brutal. veri bru:tl] foarte brutal.
I hope he will go to prison > [ai haup hI: lid gau tu prizn - Sper ca va ajunge la inchisoare
for a long time. fo:' a ]on(gl tann] pentru multa vreme.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Ai auzit vreodata despre aceasta - Have you ever heard of this

crima revoltatoare? > outrageous crime?
Este posibil ca ea este vinovata? - Is it possible that she is > guilt)?
Barbatul parea sa fie nevinovat. - The man seemed to be > mnoccnt
Evident, ei au auzit ~tirile. - They have> obVIOusly heard the news.
Nu fii atat de brutal! - Don't be so > brutll
6
Sa exersam inca 0 data cuvintele noi. Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
nevinovat > JOnocent
brutal > brutal
(in mod) evident > obvIOusly
revoltator > outrageous
Sd urmiirim in contilluare cum se face trecerea din vorbirea directii in vorbire indirectii, in cazul
propozifiilor interogative.
lata mai intiii, ciiteva exemple:
John asked "Are you at home?". - John asked if I were at home.
Peter asked "When were you in England?". - Peter asked when I had been in England.
Afi observat desigur, cd ordinea in propozifia indirectd interogatiVii este identicd cu cea din
propozifia ajirmativd. De fapt, este vorba despre 0 propozifie ajirmativd $i nu de una interogativii.
111 cazul intrebiirii decizionale (da/nu), propozifia secundarii care urmeazii dupii propozifia
principalii este introdusii prin prepozifia if. In cazul propozifiei interogative complementare
pronumele interogativ riimane neschimbat. Nu uitafi timpul verbelor se schimbii!
Acum, treceti propozitiile interogative de la vorbirea directa la vorbirea indirecta:
Mary asked "Where is he going?". > Mary asked where he \\ as g01I1g.
Peter asked "Did they meet her?". > Peter asked Ir they had met her.
Jane asked "Who has taught her how to swim?". > Jane asked who had taught her how to sWIm.
John asked "Does he like music?". > John clsked Ifhe liked musIc.
in exercitiul urmator, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Peter a intrebat daca legea interzice acellucru. > Peter asked if the law forbade It.
Mary a intrebat ciind I-a prins politia > Mary asked when the police had caught
pe hot. the thIef
John a intrebat daca hotii de buzunare > John asked if pickpockets

sunt infractori. were cnllllnals.
Jane a intrebat unde vrem sa mergem. > .lane asked where we wanted to go.
Peter a intrebat ciite spargeri au avut loc > Pete! asked hO\\ mallY btl!gIaries there
in acest ora~. had been in thiS cIty
7
In aceasta Iectie nu ati invatat inca verbe noi. lata-Ie:
to commit > [tll kamit] - a comite
to arrest > [tll arest] - a aresta, a pune sub interdictie
to rob > [tll rob] - ajefui, a fura
to prosecute > [tll proslkru:t] - a institui/a intenta (un) proces
to confess > [tll kanfes] - a martllrisi, a recunoa~te
to sentence (to) > [tll sentans] - a condamna
to beware of > [tll blUea f av] - a se feri, a se pazi
Acum yom folosi verbele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi cu atentie:

A: Beware of this man! He's a criminal.
B: What crime did he commit?
A: He robbed ten rich people.
B: Was he prosecuted?
A: Yes, he was. The police arrested him after looking for him for two months.
B: Did he confess to the robberies?
A: Yes, he did. And then he was sentenced to ten years.
Cititi propozitile separat ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
Beware of this man! - Fere~te-te de omul acesta!
He's a criminal. > [hI:Z a krimml] - Este un criminal.
What crime did he commit? > [" o t kralln dId hi kamit] - Ce infractiune a comis?
He robbed ten rich people. > [hi: rabd (en nt;; pi:pl] - EI a jefuit zece oameni bogati.
Was he prosecuted? > [" az hI: proSlklll:tId] - I s-a intentat proces?
Yes, he was. > [les hI: Uaz] - Da.
The police arrested him > [D/a pali:s arcstld hI:m - Po1itia I-a arestat
after looking for him a:fta f ]ukin(g) fa:' hun dupa ce I-a cautat timp de
for two months. fo. l tu: man f'J doua 1uni.
Did he confess >[dld hI: kanfcs - E1 a recunoscut jafuri1e?

to the robberies? tll [Ya robanz]
Yes, he did. > [les hI: dId] -Da.
And then he was sentenced > [End [Yen hI: "az sen(anst - Apoi a fost condarnnat
to ten years. (ll tcn la'z] 1a zece ani.
8
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Vecinul lui a comis un furt. - His neighbour >commited a theft.
Cine a fost arestat? - Who has been >arrested?
Ieri cinci oameni I-au jefuit pe bacan. - Five men >robbed the grocer's yesterday.
Fere~te-te de strazile intunecoase! - >Beware of dark streets!
De ce nu li s-a intentat un proces? - Why haven't they been >prosecuted?
El ~i-a recunoscut toate infractiunile. - He >confessed to all his crimes.
Cine i-a condamnat? - Who has >sentenced them?
in urmatorul exercitiu, traduceti verbele noi in limba engleza:
a aresta > to arrest
a intenta (un) proces > to prosecute
a se feri > to beware of
a condamna > to sentence
a comite > to commit
a jefui > to rob
a marturisi, a recunoa~te > to confess
lata ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
El m-a intrebat cfmd il vor condamna. > He asked me when they would sentence him.
Daca a~ fi ~tiut mai devreme, > If l had known earlier

nu m-a~ fi intors acasa. I would not have returned home.
~tii ca fratelui nostru i s-a intentat un proces? > Do you know our brother was prosecuted?
EI a fost arestat pentru ca a comis 0 infractiune. > He \\ as arrested because he commited a clime.
Mary a intrebat daca aceasta intiimplare > Mary asked if this story
a fost revoltatoare. was outrageous.
Au avut loc recent multe spargeri > There have been a lot of burglaries
in imprejurimile noastre. in OUI surroundings recently.
~tii ca legea noastra interzice furtul? > Do you know our law forbids theft?
Fere~te-te de acest om brutal! > Beware of thIs brutal man!
I-au condamnat la cinci ani. > They sentenced them to five years.
Ea ~i-a recunoscut crima. > She confessed the cnme.
9
LECTIA
Sa continuam tot cu problemele legislative. Unneaza un grup de substantive

noi. Citili-le cu voce tare:
sentence > [scnt:.ms] - sentinta
remorse > [rimo:"s] - remu~care,cainta
police-station > [pali:s stci~n] - post de politie
ticket > [tiklltj - bilet, proces verbal

(de contravenlie)
speeding > [spi:din(gl] - exces de viteza
murder > [ma:rda r] - crima, omucidere
murderer > [mll:'dararj - uciga~, asasin
evidence > [evidans] - dovada, marturie
behaviour > [bihcivd] - purtare, comportament
blackmail > [bIEkmeil] - ~antaj
capital > [kEpitl - pedeapsa capitala!

punishment pani~mant] cu moartea
death sentence > [deT' scnlans] - condamnare la moarte
Exersati cuvintele noi, dar in alta ordine:
murderer > [ma:rdara r] - uciga~, asasin
speeding > [spi:din lgl ] - exces de viteza
sentence > [sentans] - sentinta
capital > [kEpitl - pedeapsa capitaHi/

punishment panismant] cu moartea
remorse > [rimo:rs] - remu~care, cainta
ticket > [tikat] - bilet, proces verbal

(de contraventie)
blackmail > [blEkmeil] - ~antaj
murder > [ma:fda'] - crima, omucidere
evidence > [cvicbns] - dovada, marturie
death sentence > [dcT' scntans] - condamnare la moarte
police-station > [pali: s stei~ll] - post de politie
behaviour > [biheivia f] - purtare, comportament
10
Citili cu voce tare urmatoarele propozilii in limba engleza in care am introdus cuvinte1e noi ~i fili
atenli la traducerea lor in limba romana:
He got a long sentence. > [hI' got a lan(g' sentans] - EI a primit 0 pedeapsa lunga.
Does he feel any remorse? >1 daz hi: ft:l enlllmo:'sj - EI are vreo remu~care?
They were taken >[lYeiua.l tClkn - Au fost du~i la

to the police-station. tll IYa pali:s stcisn] postul de polilie.
Do you often get a ticket? > [till Ill, ofi! get a tibt] - Prime~tides procese verbale
de contraventie?
Last week I got one > [Ia~t " L k <11 got "an - Saptamana trecuta am primit
for speeding. fa, spi dmlg1j una pentru exces de viteza.
Is murder the most > [IZ ma"da' fYa mallst - Omuciderea este cea mai
serious crime? si'! las krcl/ITI] serioasa infractiune?
Is it known who > [ iz It 11cllln hu' - Se ~tie cine a fost

the murderer was? D/,lllla,'dara'" az j uciga~ul?
There is enough evidence. > [[Yea' IZ lIlafc\'ldansj - Sunt dovezi suficiente.
What do you think > [" a t dll ill, T'lI1 lgl k - Ce parere ai despre
of her behaviour? a\ hal blhe/\ la'] comportamentul el?
They are guilty of blackmail. > [IYel 3:' giltl a\' blEkmell] - Sunt vinovali de ~antaj.
Do they get capital > L-Ill [Yel get kEpit! - Vor primi pedeapsa
punishment? panlSl1lant] capitala?
The death sentence > [D/a deT' sentans - Condamnarea la moarte

did not scare him. did nol skea' him] nu I-a speriat.
in urmatorul exerc1tiu completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Siiptamiina aceasta au avut loc trei crime. - There have been three >murders this week.
Postul de polItIC este langa hotel. - The >police-statj'll1 is next to the hotel.
Dovezlle sunt putine. - There is a little >cvldencc.
Comportamenrullor este foarte ciudat. - Their >beha\ lOur is very strange.
UCtga::;11 au tost arestali. - The >munlcll'rs have been arrested.
Santalul t'~te adesea profitabil. - >Blackmcul is often profitable.
Ce pedt"apsa au primit? - What >sentence did they get?
I)nll oalOeni ered ca pedeapsa capitala - Some people think >capital punishment
este t':lra rost. is useless.
Pollllstul i-a intocmit un proces verbal. - The policeman gave him a >tieket.
11
Se condamna la moarte pentru furt? - Is there a >death sentence for theft?
Excesul de viteza este penculos. - >Speeding is dangerous.
Desigur, pute~i deja sa tladuce~i cuvintele noi in limba engleza:
criminal, uciga~ > murderer
condamnare la moarte > death sentence
dovada > eVIdence
sentinta > sentence
exces de viteza > speedmg
pedeapsa capitalalcu moartea > capital punishment
proces verbal de contraventie > ticket
post de politie > polIce-statIOn
crima, omucidere > murder
comportament > behaviour
remu~care > remorse
~antaj > blackmaIl
latti 0 modalitate de exprzmare a viitorului. cu ajutorul constructiei to be going to - a avea de gand

sa. in aceastti constructie se conjugti doar verbul to be infunctie de persoanti ~i timp (I am going to,
she is going to, they are going to, etc.). De exemplu:
I am going to watch a film tonight. - Deseara rna uit la un film.
They were going to fly to England. - Ei au avut de gand sa zboare in Anglia.

• ::::-1
lnterogativul se formeazti prin inversiunea ordinii subiectului cu forma corespunztitoare a verbului - t~ ;~;: : . .
to be. Nega!ia se formeazti prin adtiugarea la forma corespunztitoare a verbului to be a adverbului 1:::::::::1\·:::-.
de nega!ie not. De exemplu: i:" .:'
Where are you going to spend your holiday? - Unde iti vei petrece concediul? it;::!::' :
I" .
She was not going to visit us yesterday. - Ea nu a avut de gand sa ne viziteze ieri. ! .
Pe baza exemplelor, traduceti propozitiile care urmeaza in limba engleza:
Nu avem de gand sa-l arestam pe acest om. > We aren't going to arrest this man.
Unde iti vei duce copiii? > Where are you going to take your children?
Tata! meu va vinde ma~ina noastra veche. > My father is going to sell our old car.
Politia ii va duce la postul de politie? > Are the police going to take them
to the police-station?
Nu-ti voi povesti aceasta intimplare. > I'm not going to tell you this story.
12
lata aIte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i retineti sensullor:
relieved >lnli.vd] - u~urat
sufficient > [safi~ant) - suficient
violent >l valalant] - violent
decent >l di:sant) - decent, cumsecade
envious (ot) >l en\'las) - invidios (pe)
gentle >[ dJentl] - bland, ginga~, amabil
He was relieved when >[hl: "oz nli:vd lien - El a fost u~urat cand
he was not prosecuted. hi: "az not proslkiu.tid) nu i s-a intentat proces.
Is this sufficient for today? >llz D7 1s safi~ant fo:' tadci] - Este suficient pentru azi?
He has always been >[hi: hEz o:]Ue/z bi:n - El a fost intotdeauna

a violent man. a va/alant mEn] un om violent.
Most people are decent. >[maust pi.pl a:' di:sant) - Majoritatea oamenilor
sunt curnsecade.
The thief said he was envious >[DZa TSJ:fsed hi: Uoz envias - Hotul a spus ca era invidios
of rich people. 3\ nt~ pi:pl] pe oamenii bogati.
What a gentle person she is! >[ Uot a dJcntl pa:'sn ~i: IZ] - Ce persoana amabila este ea!
Ace~tia sunt oameni decenti. - These are >decent people.
Te-ai simtit u~urat ~i tu? - Were you >reheved, too?
Fii amabil cu ei! - Be >gentle to them!
Este suficient ulei? - Is there >sufficient oil?
Sunt intotdeauna atat de violenti? - Are they always so >vlolent?
Nu are rost sa fi invidios. - It's no use being >envious.
Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
decent > decent
u~urat > leheved
invidios (pe) > envious (of)
amabil > gentle
violent > \ !Olent
suficient > suffiCIent
13
Jar acum vom invata un alt tip de pronume - pronumele relativ compus. lata trei dintre acestea:
whoever > l hu eva'] - oricine, oricare
whatever > [lJoteva'] - mice
whichever > [tlJt~c\a'] - oricare, orice
Sa Ie folosim in propozilii:
Whatever happens > [tlnteva' h Epnz - Orice s-ar intimpla,

I will help you. al "ll help IU:] te voi ajuta.
Whoever sees the thief > [hu."va' SI:Z DZa Pl.f - Oricine vede holul,
must tell the police. mast tel Dca pzlli:s] trebuie sa anunle polilia.
Whichever of these cars > l Ult~C\ a' av IYJ:z ka:'z - Orice ma~ina
you choose, it will cost you Ill. t~u Z It "il kost Ill: ai alege, te va costa
a lot. a lot] mult.
Dupa pronumele relative compuse, pentru exprimarea viitorului se

folose~te timpul Simple Present.
Traduceli propoziliile urmatoare in limba engleza:
Orice casa cumperi, va fi prea mica > Whichever house you buy It wJll be too small
pentru familia tao for your fatTIlly.
Oricine imi cere bani, il voi refuza. > Whoever asks me for money, 1will refuse him.
Orice scrii va fi bine. > Whatever you WrIte it will be all right.
lata acum cateva verbe noi. Citili-le cu atenlie ~i invatati semnificatia lor:
to accuse (of) > l tu aklU:z] - a acuza, a invinui (de)
to release > [tllJllis] - a elibera, a pune in libertate
to murder > (tu ma:'da'j - a ucide, a omori
to report > [tu JIjlO:'\] - a raporta, a anunla
to convict (of) > [\ll kanvikt] - a condamna, a declara vinovat

(pe cineva)
to punish > l tu pal1J~ ] - a pedepsi
to find out > [tu f~\lnd aut] - a constata, a descoperi
14
Cititi eLI atentie urmatorul dialog In care apar ~i cuvintele noi:
A: Six months ago somebody reported a murder to the police.

B: Did they catch the murderer?
A: Yes, they did. He was accused and convicted.
B: How was he punished?
A: He was sentenced to capital punishment. But after two weeks he was released.
B: Why? Wasn't he guilty?
A: No, he wasn't. The police found out that somebody else had committed the crime.
Traduceti In limba romana propozitiile din text:
Six months ago somebody > l "lks man Ps ag;iu samhodi - Cu ~ase luni In urma,
reported a murder lIpo:'(Jd a ma:'da' cineva a anuntat 0 crima
to the police. tll fYa pali:s] la politie.
Did they catch the murderer? > [did IY L'l kel~ D a mil:' dara'] - L-au prins pe criminal?
Yes, they did. - Da.
He was accused and > [hi "oz aklU:zd Fnd - EI a fost acuzat ~i
convicted. kanviktJd] condamnat.
How was he punished? > [hal: u oz hI: pamst] - Ce pedeapsa a primit?
He was sentenced to > [hI: "oz scnl,lllS; III - EI a primit pedeapsa

capital punishment. kEplt1 pal11~1l1al1t] cu moartea.
But after two weeks > l hat ana' Iu "I:ks - Dar dupa doua saptamani,
he was released. hi: "oz nli sl] el a fost pus In libertate.
Why? > ["al] - Dece?
Wasn't he guilty? > ll'o,rnt hI' ~iltlJ - Nu a fost vinovat?
No, he wasn't. - Nu.
The police found out that > l D/a pali.s falJlld aul DiEt - Politia a constatat
somebody else had committed sambodJ els bEd kamilld ca altcineva a comis crima.
the crime. D/a ham!]
Sa exersam folosirea verbelor noi. Completati propozitiile In limba engleza cu forma verbala
corespunzatoare:
Noi am anuntat furtulla postul de politie. - We >reported the theft at the police-station.
De ce I-au eliberat? - Why have they >reh:a.,,~d him?
El m-a acuzat ca i-am furat cizmele. - He >accused me of stealing his boots.
15
De ce nu i-au pedepsit? - Why haven't they >punlshed them?
Pentru ce I-au condamnat? - What did they >convlct him of?
EI ~i-a omorat secretera. - He >has murdered his secretary.
Am descoperit deja cine mi-a mancat cina. - I have already >found out who ate my dinner.
"I have already found out who ate my dinner."
Traduceti in limba engleza verbele:
a raporta, a anunta > to report
a elibera, a pune in libertate > to release
a condamna, a declara vinovat > to convict
a pedepsi > to pUnish
a acuza, a invinui (de) > to accuse (of)
a omori, a ucide > to murder
a constata, a descoperi > to find out
In final, sa verificam in ce masura ati reu~it sa retineti materialul acestei lectii:
Doi hoti de buzunare au fost arestati azi. > Two pIckpockets have been arrested today.
Politia nu ~tie unde se afla acest criminal. > The polIce don't know where thIs criminal is.
Spargatorul ar fi fost prins mai devreme, > The burglar would have been caught earher
daca am fi avut telefon atunci. If we had had a telephone then.
Evident, ei au comis aceasta infractiune. > They ob\ lOusly cOlTI1mtted thIs cnme.
16
Purtarea lui este revolUitoare. > His behavIour is outrageous.
Peter a i'ntrebat daca prietenullui > Peter asked if his fnend

a fost condamnat. had been sentenced.
Ei au intrehat cand yom intenta proces > They asked when we would prosecute her.
impotriva ei.
Feriti-va de oamenii rai! > Beware of bad people!
EI a primit pedeapsa eu moartea. > He got a death sentence.
Daea ai fi condus mai incet, nu ti s-ar fi intocmit > If you had dnven slowlier you wouldn't
un proces verbal de contravenlie. have got a ticket.
Nu avem suficiente dovezi sa-i acuzam > We don't have enough evidence to accuse
de acest jaf. them of thiS robbery.
Acest hot are vreo remu~care? > Does thiS thief have any remorse'?
Polilia are de gand sa-l duca pe uciga~ > The pollce are going to take the murderer
la postul de politie. to the pol ice-statlOll,
Oricine va veni aici, 11 voi da afara. > Whoe\er comes hetc I wdl throw him out.
Cum ai de gand sa-l pedepse~ti? > How are you going to punish him?
Acum urmeaza obi~nuitul exerciliu de pronuntie. Literele din aceea~i coloana, scrise accentuat,
desemneaza un sunet identic:
[e] [I: ] ['II] [i]
theft relieved fine convict
death decent crime criminal
envious thief time fish
gentle release rise thick
17
, 27
27.1. Propozitia conditionala de tipul III (III Conditional)
27.1.1. in propozitia conditionala de tipul III conditia este ireala, nu este realizabila.
27.1.2. in propozitia conditionala introdusa de prepozitia "if" verbul este la timpul Past
Perfect, iar in propozitia subordonata apare constructia: "would + have + forma a III-a
a verbului de conjugat".
De exemplu:
If the burglar hadn't been caught - Daca spargatorul nu ar fi fost prins,

we would have lost a lot of money. noi am fi pierdut 0 multime de bani.
I would have had time to do it - A~ fi avut timp sa fac asta

if you had told me yesterday. daca imi spuneai ieri.
27.2. Vorbirea indirecta, propozitia indirecta interogativa
27.2.1. Ordinea in propozitia indirecta interogativa este identica cu aceea dintr-o propozitie
afirmativa.
27.2.2. in cazul intrebarii decizionale (da/nu) propozitia secundara care urmeaza dupa
propozitia principala este introdusa prin prepozitia if. De exemplu:
Peter asked "Did they meet her?" - Peter asked if they had met her.
in propozitia interogativa complementara, pronumele interogativ ramane neschimbat.

De exemplu:
Mary asked "Where is he going?". - Mary asked where he was going.
Timpul verbului se schimba conform regulii concordantei timpurilor.
27.3. Constructia "to be going to" - "a avea de gand sa":
27.3.1. in aceasta constructie, se schimba doar forma verbului "to be" in functie de persoana
~i timp (I am going to, she is going to, they are going to etc.). De exemplu:
I am going to visit them today. - Ii voi vizita azi.
27.3.2. Interogativul se formeaza prin inversiunea subiectului cu forma corespunzatoare a

verbului to be, iar negatia prin adaugarea adverbului de negatie "not" la forma
corespunzatoare a verbului "to be".
Where are you going to spend - Unde ai de gand sa-ti petreci

your holiday? concediul?
She was not going to visit us - Ea nu a avut de gand sa ne viziteze

yesterday. ieri.
18
27.4. Pronumele relative compuse:
whoever - oricine, oricare
whatever - once
whichever - oricare, orice
Whatever happens I will help you. - Grice s-ar intampla te voi ajuta.
Whoever sees the thief must tell the police. - Gricine vede hotul, trebuie sa anunte politia.
Whichever of these cars you choose, - Grice ma~ina alegi,

it will cost you a lot. te va costa mult.
De~i dupa pronumele relative compuse se folose~te timpul Simple Present, de obicei, ele se
refera la viitor.
27.5. "Would, could"
27.5.1. Verbele "would" ~i "could" sunt verbe auxiliare modale, de aceea propozitiile
interogative formate cu ajutorullor, implica inversiunea, de exemplu:
Could you leave yesterday? - Ai putut pleca ieri?
What would you do if you - Ce ai face daca ai fi bogat?

were rich?
27.5.2. Formele lor negative sunt:
"could not" - forma prescurtata "couldn't"
"would not" - forma prescurtata "wouldn't"
They couldn't see us there. - Nu puteau sa ne vada acolo.
My mother wouldn't pay for this - Mama mea nu ar plati pentru asta
if she hadn't money. daca nu ar avea bani.
19
I. John isn't going to invite her to his house.
2. Whoever comes tell him I am not at home.
3. Peter asked who had caught the pickpocket.
4. If the police had had this information earlier, they would have found the criminal easily.
5. The prisoner asked if he had to pay a fine.
6. This outrageous brutal crime was committed by a very young man.
I. Spargatorul a fost arestat dupa ce a jefuit doua case.
2. De ce ai de gand sa-I declari vinovat de acest omor?
3. Daca locatarii ar fi anuntat mai devreme spargerea, ei nu ar fi pierdut totul.
4. Grice vrei sa faci, ar fi mai bine daca ai renunta.
5. Maria a intrebat cand ii vor elibera sotul.
6. Peter a intrebat daca hotului de buzunare i s-a intentat proces.
C. Alegeti cuvantul care se potrive~te in propozitie:
I. John asked who arrested.

a. is
b. was
2. The children going to play in the garden.

a. were
b. wasn't
3. . tells you this, don't think it's true.

a. whatever
b. whoever
4. If they him to capital punishment it would have been horrible.

a. had sentenced
b. sentence
20
LECTIA 28 "
PARTEA "INTAI
,
Sa revenim la problemele legislative, dar yom studia alte teme. Daca pana
acum ne-am ocupat de expresiile legislatiei penale, in continuare yom
face cuno~tinta cu expresii ale legislatiei civile:.
wedding > [\ledin();)] nunta
wedding-day > [\ledin();) dei] ziua nuntii
wedding-ring > ["edin();) rin(g)] verigheta
God, god > [god] Dumnezeu, divinitate
bride > [braid] mireasa
guest > [gest] musafir, invitat
bachelor > [bEt~ala'] celibatar
bridegroom > [braidgru:m] mire
mamage > [mEridj] casatorie
divorce > [divo:'s] divort
relatives > [relati:vz] rude
service > [sa:'vis] serviciu, ceremonie
lata noile cuvinte intr-o alta ordine. Fiti atenti la pronuntie ~i retineti
corespondentul lor in limba romana:
bachelor > [bEt~alar] celibatar
bride > [braid] mireasa
God, god > [god] Dumnezeu, divinitate
servIce > [sa:rvis] serviciu, ceremonie
wedding-ring > ["edin(g) rin(gl] verigheta
divorce > [divo:rs] divort
wedding > ["edin(gl] nunta
mamage > [mEridj] casatorie
wedding-day > [cledin();) dei] ziua nuntii
relatives > [relati:vz] rude
bridegroom > [braidgru:m] mIre
21
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
When is their wedding-day? > ["en iz Dlel' UeulIllgl dei] - Cand va avea loc nunta lor?
What a beautiful wedding >[" o t a hlU:td1tl"edin(g) - Ce nunta minunata

that was! DIEt "oz] a fost!
He bought expensive >[hl: bo:t lkspensiv - El a cumparat verighete

wedding-rings. "edin(g) rin(glz] scumpe.
God, help me! >[god help mi:] - Doamne, ajuta-ma!
The bride was late. > [DZa braid U oz leit] - Mireasa a intfirziat.
The bridegroom is very tall. >[D1a braidgru:m lZ ven to:l] - Mirele este foarte inalt.
How many guests were there? >[hau meni gests "a.' D/ea'] - Cfiti invitati au fost acolo?
This man is a bachelor. >[DZIS mEn iz a bEt::;ala'] - Acest barbat este celibatar.
There are many divorces >[ Olea' a I mcni divo:'SIZ - Sunt multe divorturi
every year. evn la'] in fiecare an.
They say marriage >[ D/ci sci mEnu] iz - Ei spun ca mariajul va dura
is forever. (orcva'] o ve~nicie.
Were all your relatives there? >[" a .' 0.1 io:' rclati.vz IYea'] - Au fost acolo toate rudele tale?
The service was impressive. >[D/ 3 sa:'vis "oz lmpreslv] - Ceremonia a fost impresionanta.
"The bridegroom is very tall."
22
lata un alt exercitiu: completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Casatoria nu este pentru mine. - > Marriage is not for me.
Nu voi fi acolo la nunta lor. - I will not be at their >wedding.
~tiu ca exista Dumnezeu. - I know there is > God
Toata lumea a vorbit despre divortullor. - Everybody talked about their >divorce.
Ai cumparat deja verighetele? - Have you bought the> wedding-rings yet?
El a spus ca nu va uita niciodata - He said he would never forget his

ziua nuntii sale. >wedding-day.
Au intarziat la ceremonie. - They were late for the> service.
Mireasa $i mirele au putine rude. - The> bride and the> bndegroom have
few>relatives.
Ai fost unul dintre musafiri? - Were you one of the > guest~'?
Ma bucur ca sunt celibatar. - I'm glad I'm a> bachelor
De cat timp 11 cuno$tea mireasa? - How long has the> bndeknown him?
Mirele este fratele meu. - The> bndegroomis my brother.
Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza, pentru a Ie retine cat mai bine:
mire > bndegroom
divort > di\ orce
musafrr > guest
verigheta > weddl11g-ring
mireasa > bnde
serviciu, ceremonie > sen Ice
Dumnezeu > God
ruda, rude > relatIves
ziua nuntii > wedding-day
nunta > wedding
celibatar > bachelor
casatorie > marnage
Sa revenim la pronumele relative.
Pronumele relative aflate la inceputul propozitiilor relative restrictive, pot fi omise in anumite
cazuri.
23
De exemplu:
The people (whom) I visited were - Oamenii pe care i-am vizitat, au fost
very nice to me. foarte draguti cu mine.
Don't lose the ticket (which) he has given to you. - Nu pierde biletul pe care ti I-a dat.
Do you like the book (that) you have read? - Iti place cartea pe care ai citit-o?
The news (which) we heard was very bad. - ~tirea pe care a auzit-o, a fost foarte proasta.
Is the car (which) you drove yesterday expensive? - Este scumpa ma~ina pe care ai condus-o ieri?
Traduceti in limba engleza frazele care contm propozitii secundare relative. Daca este cazul, omiteti
pronumele relative, conform regulii anterioare:
Ace~ti oameni pe care ii cunosc demult, > These people. whom I have known for a long
au fost concediati ieri. time, were fired yesterday.
Ma~ina pe care am cumparat-o saptamana trecuta, > The car J bought last week
este foarte rapida. IS \ ery fast.
Femei~ care se plimba acolo, > The woman who IS walkmg there is
este sora tatalui meu. my father's sIster
Unde ai cumparat costumul > Where have you bought the suit
pe care tocmai il porti? you are weanng')
Cartofii pe care i-am scos, sunt mici. > The potatoes we have dug are small.
Acest scaun, care este foarte vechi, > This chair, which IS VClY old,
nu este de vanzare. IS not for sale.
Casa pe care am construit-o nu este foarte inalta. > The house wc have built is not very high.
Politistul care I-a arestat pe infractor, > The policeman that arrested the criminal
a spus ca nu a fost u~or. said that It hadn't been easy.
lata acum cateva cuvinte noi:
engaged >[mgeldjd] -Iogodit
happy >[hEpI] - fericit
enormous >[mo:1mas] - enorm, una~
single > [singl] - necasatorit, celibatar
incredible > [mkrBdl bal] - incredibil
religious > [nlidJas] - religios
24
Cititi unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza in care am folosit cuvintele noi:
Smce when have they >[sms lien hEy DZei - De cfmd sunt logoditi?
been engaged? bi:n mgeldjd]
It was the happiest day > [It "oz DZa hEpiast del - A fost cea mai fericita zi
of their lives. a\' D/ei' lalvz] din viata lor.
They are going to live > [D'ei a:' gaum(g) tu Iiv - Ei vor locui intr-o
in an enonnous house. in an ino"mas haus] casa enonna.
Are you still single? >[a:' Ill: stll singl] - E~ti inca necasatorit?
Their divorce is incredible. >[D'd divo:'s iz inkredlbal] - Divortul lor este incredibil.
These people are > [D/t:z pi:pl a:' - Ace~ti oameni sunt
very religious. \en rilidjas] foarte religio~i.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele noi:
Aceasta este 0 gradina imensa. - This is an >enormous garden.
Este incredibil ca el este deja aici. - It is >incredible that he is already here.
Ei au fost logoditi doar pentru - They have been >engaged for only
scurt timp. a short time.
Ea a spus ca vrea sa ramana necasatorita. - She said that she wanted to stay >single
Sunt religio~i ace~ti oameni? - Are these people >rehgious?
Ai fost fericit? - Were you >happy?
Ati reu~it desigur, sa retineti cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
incredibil > mcredible
logodit > engaged
necasatorit, celibatar > single
enonn, uria~ > enormous
religios > religious
fericit > happy
Sa revenim la vorbirea indirecta:
1. Propozi{ii condi!ionale
in cazul vorbirii indirecte In propozi!ia condi!ionald de tipull, timpul verbului se schimbii

conform regulii de concordan{ii a timpurilor (timpul prezent se schimba In timp trecut):
25
Peter said "If I have time I will - Peter said that if he had time he would
go to the cinema". go to the cinema.
in cazul propozifiilor condifionale de tipulII ~i III, timpul verbului rdmiine neschimbat, de

exemplu:
John said "If I were you I would not - John said that if he were me he would not
do it." do it.
Mary said "If I had had the money earlier - Mary said that if she had had the money
I would have paid for the car." earlier she would have paid for the car.
2. Expresii dupd care Propozifia secundard trece la timpul Simple Past. in urmdtoarele expresii
se schimbd timpul verbului:
it is time - it was time
I wish - I wished
Timpul verbului din propozifiile secundare care urmeazd dupd aceste expresii, nu se schimbd.
latd doud exemple:
Peter said "I wish I had a house." - Peter said he wished he had a house.
Mary said "It's time I went home." - Mary said it was time she went home.
Pe baza regulilor enuntate anterior, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
John a spus ca daca s-ar fi insurat cu Mary, - John said that If he had marned Mary
atunci ar fi fost fericit. then he \\ollid have been happy.
Mary mi-a spus ca este timpul sa il parasesc. - Mary told me that It W<lS time I len hIm.
Peter a spus ca daca ar avea bani destui, - Peter said that If he had enough money
m-ar imprumuta ~i pe mine. he \\ould lend me some.
Joan a spus ca ar vrea sa fie mai bogata. - Joan said she Wished she were richer.
Mama mea a spus ca daca ar vrea sa mearga acolo, - My mother Said that if she wanted to go there
s-ar duce. she would go
Sa invatam inca eateva verbe:
to marry > [tu mEriJ - a se casatori (cu), a se insura
to divorce >[tLl divo:'s] - a divorta
to attend > l tu atcnd] - a fi prezent, a frecventa
to believe >[tu bIli.v] - a crede
to swear > [tu sU ea'] - ajura
Verbul "to swear" este neregulat. Formele sale sunt:
formal forma a II-a forma a III-a
swear> [SUe,I'] swore> f SuO"] sworn >[s"o:'n]

26
Cititi eu atentie dialogul urmator in care apar ~i verbele noi:
A: Do you know that Joan is going to divorce her husband?

B: Oh, no! I can't believe it! Are you sure?
A: I swear it's true.
B: But she married him a year ago!
A: I know. I attended the wedding.
B: This news is awful. I thought they were happy together.
Do you know that Joan > [du ill: nOll O'Et djoun - ~tii ca Joan
is going to divorce 1Z giiuin lgl tu divo:' s divorteaza de sotul ei?
her husband? ha:' halbimd]
Oh, no! I can't believe it! > [ou nOll ai ka:nt hili:v it] - Oh, nul Nu pot sa cred!
Are you sure? > [a' Ill: )ua'] - E~ti sigur?
I swear it's true. > [ai SUear lts trll:] - Jur ca este adevarat.
But she married him > [bat Zil. mErid him - Dar s-a easatorit eu el acum
a year ago! a iia' agou] un an.
I know. I attended > [al nou al iitendld - ~tiu. Am participat

the wedding. IYa uedm ,g )] la nunta.
This news is awful. > [D'lS nru:z IZ 0.f1] - Aceasta veste este groaznica.
I thought they were > [ill TSo:t D/ei U a :' - Am crezut ca erau
happy together. hEp! tageDZa'] fericiti impreuna.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza eu forma verbala corespunzatoare:
Poti sa juri ca este adevarat? - Can you> swear that it is true?
Ei au erezut intotdeauna in Dumnezeu. - They have always> believed in God.
Ciiti oameni au fost prezenti la nunta? - How many people> attended the wedding?
Au divortat cu multi ani in urma. - They have been > divorced for many years.
Cu cine te-ai casatorit? - Whom have you> marned?
Pentru a retine verbele noi, traduceti in limba engleza:
a se casatori, a se insura sau a se marita > 10 many
a crede > to believe
a divorta > to dlvorce
aJura > to swear
a fi prezent/de fata la, a participa la > to attend
27
lata doua cazuri in care se utilizeaza verbele auxihare could ~i would.
Could you open the window? - Ai putea deschide geamul?
Would you give me some tea? - (E~ti atat de amabil) Poli sa-mi dai pUlin ceai?
Traduceli propoziliile urmatoare in limba engleza folosind aceste doua verbe auxiliare:
E~ti atat de amabil sa-mi cumperi biletele? > Would you buy me the tickets?
Ai putea sa te uili la scrisoarea mea? > Could you look at my letter?
E~ti atat de amabil sa-mi imprumuli carlile tale? > Would you lend me your books?
Ai putea sa uili aceste cuvinte? > Could you forget these words?
Vrei sa faci curat in camera? > Would you clean your room?
In exerciliul urmator, vom recapitula materia acestei leclii. Daca nu intampinali dificultali, inseamna
ca puteli trece la partea a doua a lecliei 28. Traduceli in limba engleza:
Omul care a fost arestat, > The man they have arrested
nu a marturisit inca. has not confessed yet.
L-ar fi condarnnat pe prizonier, > They would have convicted the pnsoner
daca ar fi fost mai multe dovezi. If there had been more eVidence.
Celibatarul despre care a vorbit ea, > The bachelor she talked about
a fost una dintre rudele mele. was one of my relatIves.
In ziua nunlii a fost incredibil de cald. > The weddIng-day was Incredibly hot.
"The wedding-day was incredibly hot."
28
Ea nu este acea femeie fericita > She is not the happy woman
din ziua nuntii sale. she was on her wedding-day.
Mirele 0 cuno~tea pe mireasa > The bridegroom has known the bride
de mult timp. for a very long tunc.
Au fost multe ceremonii saptamana aceasta. > There have been many services this week.
EI de ce a jurat sa ramana celibatar? > Why has he sworn to stay smgle?
Verighetele pe care ni Ie-au aratat, > The wedding-rings we were shown

erau revoltator de scumpe. were outrageously expensive.
Nu rna voi marita cu eL > I am not going to marry him.
Ea este cea mai frumoasa mireasa > She is the most beautiful bride
pe care am vazut-o vreodata. I have ever seen.
Car\ile care se afla pe masa sunt ale tale. > The books which are on the table are yours.
In incheiere, urmeaza obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie. Cititi cu atentie urmatoarele cuvinte:
[E] [e] [0:] [ei]
happy wedding divorce engaged
marriage guest com outrageous
bachelor relatives enormous rate
man men dawn late
hat when sworn gave
29
LECTIA
Aceasta parte a lectiei incepe cu un dialog. Fiti atenti la pronuntia cuvintelor ~i silabelor accentuate:
Barbara: Speaking about crime you know that people have always said that crime doesn't pay.
John: But in some countries crime seems to be profitable because the criminals are not sufficiently
punished.
Barbara: I agree, and if a prisoner is convicted of a crime, he often doesn't have to go to prison for
a long time.
John: How true it is. They say this is because the criminal didn't know what he was doing when
he commited the crime. Don't ask me how they know.
Barbara: And if a prisoner's behaviour is good he is released.
John: I think the only thing we can do to change this situation is to punish the people who don't
want to punish the criminals.
Mary: Of course there are happier things to talk about than crime, such as weddings.
Peter: Yes, just tell me please who isn't happy himself when he sees other people happy on their
wedding-day.
Mary: Even if you prefer to stay single you can imagine that this is a day they will never forget.
Peter: We must hope that life will always bring us more to be happy about than to be sad about.
Urmeaza ultimul exercitiu de traducere al acestei lectii:
Ploua cand ne-am dus la postul de poIitie > It was rainmg when we were going to tbe
ca sa anuntam spargerea. police-statIOn to report the burglary.
In luna aceea au fost comise multe > Many brutal murders were committed
crime brutale. that month.
EI a spus ca nu se va simti in siguranta, > He said that he would not feel safe
pana cand criminalul nu va fi arestat. tIll the murderer was arrested.
Daca a~ fi avut timp, a~ fi fost prezent > If I had had tune I would have attended
la ceremonie. the service.
Crima de care el a fost acuzat, a fost > The crime he was accused of was
una violenta. a violent one.
Omul care a fost eliberat a fost > 1 he man who was released was
evident nevinovat. obviously mnocent.
Anul in care recolta s-a distrus, a fost prea secetos. > The year our crop failed, was too dry.
EI nu este omul care era cand ne-am intalnit > lie is not the man he was when
prima data. we first met.
30
Crezi ca e vinovat? > Do you lhll1k he IS gUIlty?
Nu vreau platesc amenda pentm ca > I don't \\ ant to pay tht' fine because
sunt nevinovat. I am Il1l10cent.
$antajul este infraqiune profitabila. > BlackmaIl is a \ ery prolitable crnne.
Acest avion este uria~. > rhls plane IS enOIIIlOllS.
L-am intrebat daca oamenii religio~i sunt > I asked him If I ellglou" people were
intotdeauna amabili. always gentle.
Ea a spus ca nu I-a vawt > She saId she had not seen h1111
de la divort. since the dIvorce.
A fura este 'impotriva legii. > Stealing IS agamsl the law.
Saptamana viitoare participam la 0 nunta. > We ,Ire attendmg a \\ eddlng next week.
A~ vreau sa fiu din nou celibatar. > I WIsh I were a bachelor agam.
Grice faCl, nu-i da drumul. > Whatever you do, dOll't release hun.
Aceasta poate fi folosita ca dovada. > ThIS can be used as e\ Idence.
Cat de nevinovat parea uciga~ul! > 'low innocent the murderer looked!
E~ti sigur ca hotul se ascunde > Are you sure the thief IS hichng
prin imprejurimi? JIl the sUllOlIlldings')
31
, 28
28.1. Pronumele relative compuse aflate la Inceputul propozitiilor relative restrictive pot fi omise
In anumite cazuri. Exemple:
The people (whom) I visited were - Oamenii pe care i-am vizitat au fost
very nice to me. foarte draguti cu mine.
Don't lose the ticket (which) - Nu pierde biletul

he has given to you. pe care ti I-a dat.
Do you like the book (that) - Iti place cartea

you have read? pe care ai citit-o?
28.2. Vorbirea indirecta
28.2.1. Propozitia conditionala
In cazul folosirii vorbirii indirecte In propozitia conditionala de tipul I, timpul

verbulului se schimba conform regulii de concordanta a timpurilor (din timpul prezent
trece la timpul trecut):
Peter said "lfI have time I will go - Peter said that if he had time he would go
to the cinema". to the cinema.
In cazul propozitiei conditionale de tipul II ~i III timpul verbului ramane neschimbat:
John said "IfI were you - John said that if he were me

I would not do it". he would not do it.
Mary said "If I had had the money - Mary said that if she had had the money
earlier I would have paid for the car". earlier she would have paid for the car.
28.2.2. Timpul urmatoarelor expresii se schimba conform regulii de concordanta a timpurilor:
it is time - it was time
I wish - I wished
In schimb in vorbirea indirecta timpul verbului din propozitia secundara, care urmeaza
dupa aceste expresii nu se schimba. De exemplu:
Peter said "I wish I had a house". - Peter said he wished he had a house.
Mary said "It's time I went home". - Mary said it was time she went home.
28.3. Folosirea verbelor auxiliare modale "could" ~i "would":
Could you open the window? - Ai putea deschide geamul?
Would you give me some tea? - Poti sa-mi dai putin ceai?
32
A Traduceti urmatoarele propozi1ii in limba romana:
I. The man I met then was divorced.
2. I said that if I were a teacher, I would teach English.
3. The bride wished the service were shorter.
4. Could you tell me )fthey are happy?
5. He told me that ifhe had not bought the wedding-rings earlier, he would not have had
money then.
6. I wanted to attend the wedding but I was late for the train.
B. Traduceti urmatoarele propozi1ii in limba engleza:
1. EI presupune ca este timpul sa incepi lucrul.
2. Ai cina cu mine? (E~ti atat de amabil sa cinezi cu mine?)
3. Cine a spus ca daca a~ fi mai tanara, m-ar lua de nevasta?
4. Casa pe care am vazut-o atunci era prea scumpa pentru mine.
5. L-ai putea ruga pe mire sa aduca florile?
6. Ea a spus ca vrea sa fie necasatorita.
C. Corecta1i gre~elile din urmatoarele propozi1ii:
1. The house has just been bought is large.
2. Could they to swear it's true?
3. He said it is time he leaves.
4. She told me that if she divorces her husband she will be happy.
5. Would you opened the window?
33
V()CABVLARUL LECTIILOR
, 27 SI
, 28
to a.'euse (ot) > [tLi aklU:Z] - a acuza, a invinui (de)
agal'1st > [agenst] - impotriva, (in) contra
to al resl > [tLi arest] - a aresta
to attend > [tLi atend] - a fi prezent/de faFi la, a participa
bacl1elol > [bEt~alar] - celibatar
behavi''lur > [blhelvla r] - purtare, comportament
to belil'\ e > [tLi bi!i:v] - a crede (in)
to bewan: (of) > [tublllea'] - a se feri, a se pazi (de)
blacl<mall > [blEkmeiJ] - ~antaj
bride > [braid] - mireasa
brictegroom > [braldgru:m] - mire
brutal > [bru:tl] - brutal, violent
burglCl\ > [ba: rgla'] - spargator
burglary > [ba:'glan] - furt cu spargere
capit~1 punishment > [kEpitl pani~mant] - pedeapsa capitaHi/cu moartea
to commit > [Iu kamit] - a comite
to conft'ss > [Iu kanfes] - a marturisi, a recunoa~te
to convict (of) > [tLi kanvikt] - a condamna, a declara vinovat

(pe cineva)
cnme > [kraim] - infractiune
criminal > [krimml] - criminal
death > [del"] - moarte
death sentence > [del" sentiins] - condamnare la moarte
decent > [di:sant] - decent
divorce > [divo:rs] - divort
to divorce > [tu dlVO:rS] - a divorta
engaged > [mgeidjd] - logodit
enormous > [mo:'mas] - enorm, uria~, colosal
envious (of) > [envlas] - invidios (pe)
evidence > [evldans] - dovada, marturie
fine > [fam] - amenda, penalizare
to find out > [tu fallld aut] - a constata, a descoperi, a afla

34
gentle > [dJentl] bland, ginga~, amabil
God, god > [god] DUlllnezeu, divinitate
guilty > [gilti] - Vlllovat
happy > [hEpi] - fericit
incredible > [inkredibal] - incredibil
innocent > [inasant] - inocent, nevinovat
law > [lo:J - lege
to look > [tu lukJ - a privi, a arata cumva (bIDe l'll
marriage > [mEnd)] - casatorie
to marry > [tu mEnJ - a se casatori, a se insura
murder > [ma:'da'] - crima, omucidere
to murder > [tu mao' da'] - a ucide, a omori
murderer > [ma:'dara'j - criminal, asasin, uciga~
obviously > [obvlaslJ ] - (in mod) evident
outrageous > [autretdJas] - ru~inos, neru~int, imoral
pickpocket > [pikpokit] - hot de buzunare
police > [pali:s] - politie
police-station > [pali:s stel~n] - post sau comisariat de politie
prisoner > [prizana'] - prizonier, detinut
to prosecute > [tu proslklll:t] - a institui/a intenta (un) proces
to punish > [tu pani~] - a pedepsi
relatives > [relati: vz] - ruda, rude
to release > [turili:s] - a elibera, a pune in libertate,

a-i da drumul
relieved > [rili:vd] - u~urat
religious > [rilidjas] - religios
remorse > [rimo:fs] - remu~care, mustrare de con~tiinta
to report > [tu npo:ft] - a raporta, a anunta
to rob > [tu rob] - ajefui, a prada (de), a fura
robbery > [robari] - jaf, furt
sentence > [sentans] - sentinta
to sentence (to) > [tu sentans] - a condamna
35
service > [sa:'vis] - serviciu, ceremonie
shoplifter > [~oplifta'J - hot de magazine

single > [sing!] - necasatorit, celibatar
speeding > [spi.um lg )] - exces de viteza
sufficient > [safi~<lI1t] - suficient, indestuHHor
to swear > [tll sUeaf] - ajura
theft > [T'efl] - furt
thief, thieves > [T'i:fJ[T'i:vz] - hot, hoti
ticket > [tikI!] - bilet, proces verbal

(de contraventie)
violent > [vaialant] - violent
wedding
wedding-day
> [Ucdm(g)]
> [Uedm lg ) dei]

- nunta, cununie
- ziua nuntii
• ~
wedding-ring > [Uedm 1g ) rin 1gl ] - verigheHi
whatever > [Uoteva ' ] - oricare, orice, indiferent de
whichever > [Uit~ev a ' ] - oricare
whoever > [hu:e\ a f] - oncme
36
RECAPITULARE
I. Participiul Prezent:
This is tiring work. - Este 0 munca istovitoare.
The film was exciting. - Filmul a fost eaptivant.
2. Modul imperativ:
Go to school! - Du-te la ~coala!
- Dueeti-va (mergeti) la ~eoala!
Stop drinking! - Inceteaza sa bei!
- Incetati sa beti!
3. Propozitia conditionalii de tipul I:
If you don't make a mistake - Daca nu faei 0 gre~eala,

it will be all right. va fi in regula.
She won't tell me if I don't ask. - Ea nu-mi va spune, daea n-o intreb.
4. Folosirea verbelor auxiliare modale could ~i would:
a. propozitiile interogative se formeaza prin inversarea subieetului eu verbul auxiliar modal:
Could you lend me some money? - Ai putea sa-mi imprumuti ni~te bani?
Would you be so kind - Sunteti at<1t de amabil (incat)

to help me? sa rna ajutati?
b. in propozitiile negative, formele acestor verbe sunt:
Could not - forma prescurtata couldn't
I couldn't come because I was busy. - Nu am putut veni pentru ea am fost ocupat.
Would not - forma prescurtata wouldn't
1 wouldn't tell you the truth if - Nu ti-a~ spune adevaruI daea

I didn't trust you. nu a~ avea incredere in tine.
LECTIA
, 29 PARTEA iNTA.I
Prima parte a leqiei se refera la trecerea timpului. Cititi cu voce tare noile
cuvinte ~i retineti traducerea lor in limba romana:
season > [si:zn] - anotimp
moment > [maumimt] - moment, clipa
midnight > [ midnait] - miezul noptii
noon > [nu:n] - amiaza, miezul zilei
fortnight > [ fo:'tnait] - doua saptamani
weekday > l ui:kdci] - zi lucratoare
leap-year > [li:p iia'] - an bisect l'

century > [sent-;;ari] - seeol
the day before > [D/a dei bifo:' - alaltaieri

yesterday iesta'dei]
the day after > [ D/a dei a: fta' - poimaine

tomorrow tfll110raU]
past > [pa:st] - treeut
future > [ fiu:t~il'] - vii tor
lata-Ie aCllm in alta ordine:
past
noon
> [pa:st]
> [nu:n]
> [si:zn]
- trecut
- amiaza, miezul zilei

,
season - anotimp
the day before > l Df a dei bifo:' - alaltaieri

yesterday iestil'dei]
fortnight > [ fo:'tnait] - doua saptamani
moment > [maum,jnt] - moment, clipa
future > [fiu:t~a'] - viitor
the day after > [D/a dei a:fta' - poimaine

tomorrow tall1orau]
midnight > [midnait] - miezul noptii
weekday > ["i:kelci] - zi lucratoare
century > l sent-;;ari] - seeol
leap-year > [li:p id] - an bisect
2
Acum vom folosi cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
Which is the season > ("it~ IZ D'a sLzn - Care este anotimpul
you like best? Ill: 1alk best] care iti place eel mai mult?
Wait a moment. > ["eit a mallmant] - A~teapta 0 clipa!
They came after midnight. > [IYcl kcnl1 a:fta' midnait] - Ei au venit dupa miezul noptii.
I'll be there at noon. > [ail bi: D/ea T Et nu:n] - Yoi fi acolo la amiaza.
She died a fortnight ago. > [~I: child a [o:'tnait agiiu] - Ea a murit aCllm doua
saptamfll1i.
Monday is a weekday. > [mandel IZ a "/:kdc/] - Lunea este 0 zi lucratoare.
This year is a leap-year. > [IYis /la' iz a li:r ii'l'] - Anul acesta este un an bisect.
This is the twentieth > [D/is iz lYa t"entiaT' - Acesta este secolul xx.
century. sen t~an]
We met the day before > ["i: mct (Ya clci biro: T - Ne-am intiilnit alaltaieri.
yesterday. iesta'clel]
Wait till the day after > ["etl til D/a dci a:tta' - A~teapta pana poimaine!
tomorrow. tamorall]
I like reading > [ai lalk rLcl1l1 1g1 - Imi place sa citesc
about the past. aballt IYa pa:st] despre trecut.
What will the future > [liat "il D/a tlu:t~aT - Ce ne va aduce viitorul?
bring us? brin lgl as]
In continuare completati propozitiile cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Nu ma culc niciodata inainte - I never go to bed before

de miezul noptii. >mldnight.
Accidentul a avut loc alaltaieri. - The accident happened the >day

before yesterday.
De ce exista ani bisecti? - Why are there >Ieap-years?
Toate erau mai bune in trecut. - Everything was better in the >past.
La amiaza ploua. - It was raining at >noon.
Yara este anotimpul eel mai fierbinte - Summer is the hottest >season
al anului. of the year.
Nu ~tim nimic despre viitor. - We don't know anything about

the >fllture.
Ei se vor casatori poimaine. - They will marry the >clay after tomolTo\\'.
Secolul douazeei ~i unu va incepe - The twenty-first >century will start

in cudind. soon.
o clipa, va rog. - A >momcnt, please.
Luerezi in fiecare zi lucratoare? - Do you work on all >wcekdays?
Yor pleca peste doua saptamani. - They are leaving in a >fortnight.
3
lar acum traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele:
an bisect > leap-year
moment > moment
alaltaieri > the day before yesterday
amiaza > noon
trecut > past
zi lucratoare > weekday
viitor > future
doua saptamani > fortlllght
miezul noptii > ITIldnight
secol > century
anotimp > season
poimaine > the day after tomorrow
in continuare yom prezenta utilizarea participiului -ing.
Participiul-ing in limba englezii se folose~tefrecvent in propozitii asemiiniitoare exemplelor de mai

jos:
When I entered the room, I saw him - Cand am intrat in camera I-am vazut
at the table. lamasa.
Pentru prescurtarea propozitiei subordonate, partea de propozitie scrisa accentuat se inlocuie~te cu

participiul -ing:
Entering the room, I saw him at the table. - lntrand in camera I-am vazut la masa.
in exemplele de mai sus afi observat, desiguy, cii atat propozifia subordonatii, in care apare forma
de participiu prezent entering, cat ~i propozitia principalii care contine verbul saw, au acela~i
subiect, pronumele I.
Participiul prezent se traduce in limba romtinii prin gerunziu.
lata cateva exemple in care am utilizat participiul prezent:
When I opened the door, 1saw - Cand am deschis u~a, am vazut

the children in the room. copiii in camera.
Opening the door, I saw the children - Deschizand u~a, i-am vazut pe copii
in the room. in camera.
If they fire these people, they will make - Daca-i concediaza pe ace~ti oameni,
a mistake. ei vor face 0 gre~eala.
Firing these people, they will make - Concediind ace~ti oameni ei vor face
a mistake. o gre~eala.
4
Acum alcatuiti constructii asemanatoare celor prezentate anterior ~i completati cu ele propozitiile in
limba engleza:
Uitandu-se pe geam, Mark - >Looking through the window, Mark

i-a vazut. saw them.
De pe munte se vedea - >Standmg on the mountain, we could

marea. see the sea.
A~teptand autobuzul, ea a vazut - > Waiting for the bus, she saw that
cat de intens este traficul. there was a lot of traffic.
Citind scrisoarea, nu-mi venea - > Rcading the letter, I couldn't

sa-mi cred ochilor. believe my eyes.
Ascultand muzica, el a uitat - > Listening to the music, he forgot

de timp. the time.
Conducand spre casa, el a auzit ~tirile - >Driving home, he heard the news
la radio. on the radio.
Vazand camera, Anne a spus ca - >Seeing the room, Anne said it wasn't
nu este destul de mare. large enough.
Fiind sarac, John nu ~i-a putut cumpara 0 - >Being poor, John couldn't buy a new
cama~a noua. shirt for himself.
"Being poor, John couldn't buy a new shirt for himself."
Acum urmeaza un grup de cuvinte noi, care se refera tot la timp:
a.m. > [clemJ - prescurtare de la antemeridian,

inainte de pranz
p.m. > [pi:emJ - prescurtare de la postmeridian,
dupa amiaza
formerly > [1'o:'ma'1IJ - altadata, odinioara
one day >["an deIJ - intr-o zi
in (the) future > [Ill (D/a) fiu:tsa'J - in viitor
5
lata cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi cu atentie:
A: What do I have to do today, Jane?

B: At nine a.m. you have a meeting with the management.
A: I remember. And at eight p.m. I have dinner with Peter.
B: Yes, that's right. Today you have a lot to do between the meeting and dinner.
A: I think I didn't have much work formerly.
B: No, you didn't. But it's changed recently.
A: I hope I can have a holiday one day.
B: Yes, in the future, but not now.
Sa exersam fiecare propozitie in parte. Atentie la pronuntie:
What do I have > [\lot du al hEy - Ce am de Iacut azi, Jane?

to do today, Jane? tu du. tadel dJcm]
At nine a.m. you have > l £t nam clem IU: hEv - La noua dimineata
a meeting with a mi:tlll(~1 "lDI yeti avea 0 ~edinta
the management. D/a mEnldJl1lant] cu administratia.
I remember. > [al nmemba'] - Imi amintesc.
And at eight p.m. I have > [End Et cit pl:em al hEv - ~i la opt seara iau
dinner with Peter. dina' \lIlY pi:ta'] cina cu Peter.
Yes, that's right. > [/CS DIEts ra/t] - Oa, a~a este.
Today you have a lot to do > [tadel IU: hE\ a lot tu duo - Azi aveti multe
between the meeting blt"i:n D/ a l1li.tll1 lg ) de Iacut intre ~edinta
and dinner. End dina'] ~i cina.
I think I didn't have > [ai T'inlg1k al didnt hEv - Cred ca altadata
much work formerly. l1lat~ "ark fo: r ma'li] nu aveam mult de lucru.
No, you didn't. > [nau IU: didnt] - Intr-adevar.
But it's changed recently. > l bat Its t~cmclJd ri:sntlI] - Dar in ultima vreme s-a schimbat.
I hope I can have > [al haup <II kEn hE\ - Sper ea intr-o zi sa
a holiday one day. a holidel "an dei] pot sa merg in concediu.
Yes, in the future, > llcS III IYa fllJ:t~a' - Oa, in viitor,
but not now. bat not n:lu] dar nu aeum.
Iar aeum sa exersam euvintele noi. Completati propozitiile urmatoare:
Luerul incepe la opt dimineata. - Work starts at 8 > a m.
In viitor ea va trebui sa serie toate serisorile. - She will have to write all letters > III thc future.
La ~ase seara magazineIe sunt inchise. - At 6 > p.m. the shops are closed.
Intr-o zi rna vei intelege. - >Onc dayyou will understand me.
inainte nu erau multe ma~ini. - > Formcrlythere were not many cars.
6
Urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere. Traduceti cuvintele In limba engleza:
Intr-o zi > one day
dupa pranz > p.m.
altadata, odinioara > fonnerly
Inainte de pranz > a.m.
in viitor > in (the) future
in lecriile anterioare am studiat imperativulla persoana a II-a singular # plural.
La celelalte persoane, atat la singular cat ~i la plural, pentru formarea imperativului se folose$te
verbullet [let] - a permite, a ingadui, a lasa. De exemplu:
Let me read it! - Lasa-ma sa 0 citesc!
Let them invite us! - Lasa-i sa ne invite!
Let her take the car! - Las-o sa ia ma~ina!
Let us finish it now! - Lasa-ne sa terminam acum!
Fonna contrasa a lui "let us" este "Iet's" [lets], de exemplu:
Let's go! - Samergem!
Sa utilizam regulile Invatate anterior In unnatorul exercitiu de traducere. Traduceti propozitiile in

limba engleza:
Lasa-l sa uite asta repede! > Let hun forget about it fast'
Sa cinam azi acasa! > Let's ha\'e dll1ner at home today!
Lasa-i sa vina aici! > Let them come here'
Lasa-ma sa rna uit! > Let me see It!
to appear >[tu apia'] a aparea, a se intati~a, a se vedea
to disappear >[tu dlsapia'] a disparea
to describe >[tu dlskralb] a descrie, a prezenta
to bury >[tu ben] a ingropa, a inmormanta
to leap >[tu It:pj a sari, a salta
Verbul to leap este un verb neregulat. lata forme Ie sale:
leap>llIpj leapt >llcpt] leapt >[leptJ
7
Acum urmariti folosirea verbelor noi in propozitii:
The car appeared behind > [D'a ka:' apia'd bihamd - Ma~ina a aparut
the corner. D/a ko:'na'] dupa colt.
I
The shoplifter disappeared. > [D'a ~op!Ifta' dlsapia'd] - Hotul de magazine a disparut.
She described the thief > [~I:diskralbd D/a T'i:f - Ea a descris hotul
to the policeman. tu DZa pali:smEn] politistului.
Where have they buried him? > ["ea' hEy D'ei berid him] - Unde I-au ingropat?
The children leapt across > [D/a t~ildran [ept akros - Copiii au sarit peste
the ditch. D/adlt~]
~ant·
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu verbele corespunzatoare:
Soarele a disparut in spatele norilor. - The sun >has disappeared behind the clouds.
Oind va aparea din nou? - When will he >appear again?
Poti sa descrii spargatorul? - Can you >describe the burglar?
Cand vor fi inmormantati ace~ti oameni? - When will these people >be buried?
Avioanele au aparut in departare. - The aeroplanes >appeared in the distance.
Daca sari poti sa-ti rupi piciorul. - >Leaping you can break your leg.
Dati echivalentul in limba engleza pentru urmatoarele verbe:
a ingropa, a inmormanta > to burry
a aparea, a se infuti~a > to appear
a disparea > to disappear
a descrie > to describe
a sari >to leap
Am inviifat deja cum se scriu ~i se citesc datele in limba englezii. Acum vom inviila cum se citesc anii:
I. Denumiri/e ani/or compu~i din trei cifre se citesc dupii cum urmeazii:
537 - five hundred and thirty-seven
966 - nine hundred and sixty-six
2. Denumiri/e ani/or formali din patru cifre, dintre care ultimele douii sunt zero, sunt citite ca
multiplu de sute:
1700 - seventeen hundred (,,~aptesprezece sute")
2000 - twenty hundred ("douazeci de sute")
8
3. Celelalte numere din patru cifre se impart in dOUG grupuri sunt citite ca dOUG numere de cate
dOUG cifre:
1995 - nineteen ninety-five ("nouasprezece nouazeci

~i cinci")
1961 - nineteen sixty-one ("nouasprezece ~aizeci ~i

unu")
4. DacG a treia cifrG este 0 - zero, acesta se cite~te ca $i oh [au] :
1806 - eighteen oh six ("optsprezece zero ~ase")
lata cateva exemple de propozitii in care am folosit anii:
Our teacher was born in 1961 (nineteen sixty-one). - Profesorul nostru s-a nascut in 1961.
1 lived in England in 1953 (nineteen fifty-three). - in 1953 am stat in Anglia.
lar acum traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
S-a intimplat in 753. > It happened in seven hundred and fifty-three.
Aceasta casa a fost construita in 1800. > This house was built in eighteen hundred.
in 1999 voi termina ~coala. > In mnetcen ninety-nme I will finish school.
in ultimul exercitiu al lectiei yom recapitula cele invatate pana acum. Traduceti propozitiile in
limba engleza:
Alaltaieri, mergand la ~coala > Going to school the day before yesterday,
m-am oprit langa acest magazin. 1 stopped near this shop.
Sa incercam sa ne intalnim la pranz. > Let's try to meet at noon.
Peste doua saptamani va fi 1999. > [t will be nineteen ninety-nine in a fortnight.
Vara este eel mai frumos anotimp? > Is summer the nicest season?
Odinioara nu erau multe ora~e. > Formerly there weren't many towns.
Am vrut sa-i spun ceva, dar el a disparut. > I \\ anted to tell him something but
he disappeared.
lntrand in casa, el a aprins lumina. > Entcllng the house, he switched on the light.
9
LECTIA
lata un alt grup de cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu atentie ~i urmariti traducerea

in limba romiina:
absence > [Ebsans] - absenta, !ipsa
birthday > [ba:'Tsdei] - zi de na~tere
delay > l dilei] - intarziere, amanare
display > [displei] - etalare, expunere, afi~aj
number > [namba'] - numar
occasIOn
opportunity
> [ake(jan]
> [opa'Uu:niti]
- ocazle
- prilej favorabil, moment

potrivit
•
patience > [pei~ans] - rabdare
presence > [prezans] - prezenta
second hand > [sekand hEnd] - secundar (al ceasului)
trip > [trip] - excursie, calatorie,

deplasare
word > [ua:rd] - cuviint
Exersati cuvintele ~i in alta ordine:
patience > [pei~ans] - rabdare
delay > [dileiJ - intarziere, amiinare
presence > [prezans] - prezenFi
occasion > [akeij,ln] - ocazle
trip > [trip] - excursie, calatorie,

deplasare
birthday > [ba:'T'dei] - zi de na~tere
opportunity > [oparUu:niti] - prilej favorabil, moment

potrivit
display > [displei] - etalare, expunere, afi~aj
word > [",L rd] - cuvant
number > [namba'] - numar
absence > [Ebs<lllS] - absenta, !ipsa
10
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare:
It was a nice trip. > [It "oz a nais trip] - A fost 0 excursie placuta.
There is a large number > [LYea' iz a \a:'dj namba' - EXlsta un numar mare
of hotels in that town. av hautelz 111 IYEt taun] de hoteluri in acel ora~.
My watch has a small display. > [mal "at~ hEz a smol chsplcl] - Ceasul meu are afi~ajul mic.
This clock has a second hand. > [O/IS k10k hEz a sekand hEndJ - Acest ceas are secundar.
Can I have a word with you? > l kEn al hEv a "a:'d "ilY IU:] - Pot vorbi cu tine?
The train had a delay. > [O/a tt em hEd a dilei] - Trenul a avut intarziere.
I met her on the occasion > [al met ha:' on IYi akeljan - Am intalnit-o cu ocazia
of your birthday. m 10.' ba:'T'del] zilei tale de na~tere.
Today is her twenty-second > l tadel IZ ha o' t"entl sekand - Astazi ea impline~te douazeci
birthday. ba:'1'del] ~i doi de ani.
He is waiting for an > [hi: iz "citin(gl fo:' an - El a~teapta un moment

opportunity. opa'tlU:nitl] potrivit.
Have a little patience! > [hEy a lit! pel~ans] - Ai putina rabdare!
I will do it dUrIng > [al till duo It dlUann lgl - VOl face asta in absenta lor.
their absence. O"el' Ebsans]
You cannot say that > [IU: kEnot sei fYU - Nu poti spune asta
in her presence. in ha:' prezans] in prezenta ei.
Expresia to have a word with somebody inseamna a vorbi cu cineva (a

schimba 0 yorba cu cineva).
lar acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Ea a dat petrecerea cu ocazia - She gave the party on the >occaSlon

casatoriei noastre. of our wedding.
Am avut un alt prilej favorabil mai tarziu. - I had another >opportunlty later.
Absenta lor a fost alarmanta. - Their >absence was alarming.
Secundarul este stricat. - The >second-hand is broken.
El nu a spus nimic. - He didn't say a >worcl.
Un numar de oameni au fost concediati. - A >nulllbel of people were fired.
Excursia noastra a fost doar una scurta. - Our >1111' was only a short one.
Afi~ajul arata numere. - The >cJlsphl\ shows numbers.
11
Nu au fost intarzieri. - There were no > delays.
Ziua mea de na~tere este in data de noua. - My > birthday is on the ninth.
Ea i~i pierde adesea rabdarea cu copiii ei. - She often loses> patience with her children.
Voi scrie scrisoarea in prezenta tao - I'll write the letter in your >presence.
Traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele:
absenta, lipsa > absence
zi de na~tere > birthday
rabdare > patIence
intarziere > delay
prezenta > presence
cuvant > word
prilej favorabil > opportunity
excursie > tnp
> dIsplay
secundar (al ceasului) > second hand
numar > number
ocazie > occasIOn
Sii ne i'ntoarcem la propozi{ia condi{ionalii de tipul I.
Propozi{ia subordonatii condi{iona!ii poate fi introdusii ~i de unless [anles], care inseamnii if not
- daca nu, in afarii de cazu! cando Fo!osind unless cu sensu! de if not, predicatu! propozi{iei
subordonate nu mai poate fi negat, pentru cii in limba englezii nu existii nega{ie dub/ii:
Daca nu vii la ~apte, - If you don't come at 7 - Unless you come at 7

yom intirzia. we will be late. we will be late.
Vom incepe lucrul - We will start to work - We will start to work

daca nu apare. if he doesn't appear. unless he appears.
Pe baza exemplelor de mai sus, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Daca nu mananci, nu mergem > Unless you eat we \\on't go

la gradina zoologica. to the zoo.
Daca nu ploua, mergem pc jos. > Unless It lams we will go on foot.
Daca nu ai bani, iti voi imprumuta. > Unless you ha\ e money 1 WIll lend you.
Daca nu voi primi maine 0 scrisoare, > [ wlll write to h11n unless I get
ii voi scrie. a letter tomO!TO\\.
Daca nu Ie spui, ei nu vor ~ti > Unless you tell them they \\on't kno\\
cum sa faca asta. ho\\ to do It.
12
lata cuvinte si expresii noi:
second-hand > [sekand hEnd] - uzat, folosit, de la mana a doua
occasionally > [akcljanalI] - din ciind in cand, uneori, de oazie
actually > [Ekt~ua1i] - intr-adevar, in realitate, de fapt
sharp > [~a:'p] - ascutit, precis, exact
digital > [didjital] - digital
to be fast >[tu bl: fa:st] - a se grabi/a fi inainte (ceasul)
to be slow >[tu bl: slau] - a intarzia/a ramane in urma

(ceasul)
Yeti gasi cuvintele noi in acest scurt dialog. Cititi cu atentie:
A: What a nice watch you have got!

B: Oh, thanks. I occasionally bought a new watch.
A: Is it digital?
B: Yes, it is. But actually, it's not new. It's a second-hand watch.
A: Does it keep sharp time?
B: Oh, no. I wish it did. Now it's two minutes fast. Yesterday it was one minute slow.
Sa citim propozitiile separat. Exersati pronuntia:
What a nice watch > ["ot a nais "ot~ - Ce ceas frumos ai!
you have got! iu' hEy got]
Dh, thanks. >[au TSEn(glks] - Dh, multumesc.
I occasionally met Fred and >[ai akeljanall met fred End - M-am intalnit intamplator cu Fred
I bought a watch from him. ai bo:t a "ot~ from him] ~i am cumparat un eeas de la el.
Is it digital? >[ iz It didJltaI] - Este digital?
Yes, it is. >[Ies it iz] - Da.
But actually it's not new. >[bat Ekt~uali its not n/u:] - Dar, de fapt nu este nou.
It's a second-hand watch. >[ Its a sckand hEnd Uot~] - Este un ceas folosit.
Does it keep sharp time? >l daz It kJ:p ~a:'p talln] - Merge bine?
Dh,no. >[ au nau] - Dh,nu.
I wish it did. >[ ai "i~ It dId] - A~ vrea sa mearga.
Now it's two minutes fast. >[nau its tu: minlts fa:st] - Aeum grabe~te eu doua minute.
Yesterday it was >[/csta'del it "oz - leri a intirziat un minut.

one minute slow. "an minlt slau]
13
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Vei avea nevoie de un cutit ascutit pentru asta. - You'll need a > sharp knife for thIs.
Uneori trebuie sa ridicam bani. - We have to withdraw money> occasionally.
Ei nu-i place sa cumpere - She doesn't like buying

lucruri uzate. > second-hand things.
Ceasul a ramas in urma din nou. - The clock> is slow again.
Ceasurile digitale nu sunt scumpe. - > Digital watches are not expensive.
Ceasullor nu 0 ia inainte niciodata. - Their clock> is hardly ever fast
El arata foarte tanar, dar de fapt are 50 de ani. - He looks very young but he's> actually 50.
Urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere. Traduceti expresiile urmatoare in limba engleza:
a ramane in urma (ceasul) > to be slow
uzat, folosit > second-hand
ascutit, precis > ~harp
din cand in cand, uneori > occasionaJly
a merge inamte (ceasul) > to be fast
Partea de gramaticii a lec!iei se referii la verbele care au douii complemente:
complement direct - raspunde la intrebarile "pe cine? ce?"
complement indirect - raspunde la intrebarea "cui?"
Atunci cdnd complementul indirect stii inaintea celui direct, structura propozi!iei este urmiitoarea:
She gave me a book. - Ea mi-a dat 0 carte.
Ordinea complementelor poate fi schimbatii, dar, in acest caz, inaintea complementului indirect se
folosef}te particula to:
She gave a book to me. - Ea mi-a dat 0 carte.
Sa incercam sa traducem propozitiile in limba engleza pe baza celor doua constructii de mai sus:
Imi vei arata camera ta? > WIll you show me your room'!
> WIll you show your room to me'?
Le-am descris acel accident. > I have descnbed them that accident.
> I have descnbed that accident to them.
Da-i (lui) mai multa pame. > (JIve hIm more bread'
> (JI\e more bread to hnn'
14
lata acum un grup de verbe noi:
to dial >[tll daial] ~ a forma un numar
to fix >[tll fiks] - a fixa, a consolida, a prinde
to mend >[tu mend] - arepara
to ring >[tu rm lg )] - a suna
to strike > [ tu straik] - a lovi, a bate
Dintre acestea to ring ~i to strike sunt verbe neregulate. lata formele lor:
ring >[rilt"] rang >[ rEn(g)] rung >[ rani g)]
strike> [straik] struck >[ strak] struck >[strak]
lata acum verbele noi in propozitii. Atentie la pronuntie:
My watch will be mended >[mai "ot:;; lid bi: mcndid - Ceasul meu va fi reparat
tomorrow. tamorau] maine.
The clock struck twelve. >[ D/a klok strak t"elv] - Ceasul a batut ora douasprezece.
Have you fixed a date already? >[hEv Ill: fikst a dclt o:lredi] - Ati fixat deja 0 data?
I dialled John's number. >[al datald dionz namba'] - Am format numarullui John.
The telephone has rung >[IYa teld~lUn hEz ran lg ) - Telefonul a sunat toata
all afternoon. 0:1 a:fta'nu:n] dupa-amiaza.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza, folosind cuvintele noi:
Ceasul tocmai batea ora patru cand - The clock >was striking four when
am venit acasa. we came home.
Cine ti-a reparat ceasul? - Who >has mended your watch?
Ei au fixat 0 data pentru nunta lor. - They >fixed a date for the wedding.
Ea a format numarul corect? - >Has she >cllalled the right number?
I-ai sunat deja? - >11<1\ C you >rung them yet?
Traduceti in limba engleza verbele urmatoare:
a forma un numar > to cllal - a fixa > tn fix
a suna > to Il!1g - a repara > tn mend
a lovi, a bate > to stn ke
15
Iar acum urmeaza ultimul exercitiu allectiei. Incepeti rezolvarea temei pentru acasa doar dupa ce ati
rezolvat rara gre~eala acest exercitiu:
In drum spre birou am vazut un accident gray. > Walking to my office, [ saw a serious accident.
Auzind vorbele lui nu m-am putut abtine > Hearmg his words, 1 couldn't help
sa nu zambesc. smiling.
Traind la tara, ea nu a vazut niciodata > Living in the country, she has never seen
un aeroport modem. a modem airport.
Cii~tigand putin, el nu a putut cumpara mult. > Eaming little money, he couldn't buy much.
Mobila a fost recent livrata. > The furniture has recently been delivered.
Intr-o zi nu voi mai avea multa rabdare > One day I will not have much patience
cuei. with them.
Negocierile vor avea [oc in 1999. > The negotiations will be in nineteen
nll1ety-mne.
Daca nu scrii aceasta scrisoare, nu yom merge > Unless you write this letter we won't go
la plimbare. for a walk.
Ceasul meu ramane mereu in urma. > My watch is always slow.
Nu Ie voi da ace~ti bani. > I won't give them this money.

> I won't give this money to them.
Lasa-I sa cumpere un numar mare de pahare noi. > Let him buy a big number of new glasses.
Urmeaza obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie. Repetati urmatoarele grupuri de cuvinte:
[i:] [ u:] l i] [ei]
leap noon fix display
season soon ring patience
mean moon bring occasion
seen food sing day
green spoon digital raise
16
, 29
29.1. In locul unei propozitii subordonate putem folosi participiul prezent (forma -ing).
When I entered the room, I saw him - Cand am intrat in camera,

at the table. I-am vazut la masa.
Entering the room, I saw him at the table. - Intrand in camera, I-am vazut la masa.
29.2. Modul imperatlv
29.2.1. La toate persoanele, (cu exceptia persoanei a II-a) atat la singular cat ~i la plural,
imperativuJ se formeaza cu ajutoruJ verbului let - a permite, a ingadui, a lasa.
Let me do it! - (Lasa-ma) sa fac asta!
Let them invite us! - (Lasa-i) sa ne invite!
Let her take the car! - (Las-o) sa ia ma~ina!
Let us finish it now! - (Lasa-ne) sa terminam acum!
29.2.2. Forma scurta pentru let us este let's, de exemplu:
Let's go! - Samergem!
29.3. Citirea anilor
29.3.l.Anul format din trei cifre se cite~te dupa cum urmeaza:
537 - five hundred and thirty-seven
966 - nine hundred and sixty-six
29.3.2.Anii formati din patru cifre, dintre care ultimele doua sunt zero, sunt cititi ca multiplu
de sute. De exemplu:
1700 - seventeen hundred (,,~aptesprezece sute")
2000 - twenty hundred ("douazeci de sute")
29.3.3. in alte cazuri anii din patru cifre diferite se impart in doua grupuri ~i se citesc ca atare:
1995 - nineteen ninety-five ("nouasprezece,

nouazeci ~i cinci")
1961 - nineteen sixty-one ("nouasprezece, ~aizeci

~i unu·')
29.3.4. Daca a treia din cele 4 cifre este ,,0", acesta se cite~te "oh":
1806 - eighteen oh six ("optsprezece zero ~ase")
17
29.4. Propozitia conditionala de tipul 1.
Propozitia subordonata conditionala poate fi introdusa ~i cu cuvantul unless in loc de if.

Semnificatia lui unless este ifnot - daca nu, in afara de cazul cando Folosind unless cu sensul
de if not predicatul prepozitiei subordonate este obligatoriu la forma afirmativa.
Daca nu vii la ~apte, - If you don't come at 7, Unless you come at 7,

vom intirzia. we will be late. we will be late.
29.5. Complementul direct ~i indirect
Unele verbe pot avea doua complemente:
direct - raspunde la intrebarile "pe cine?, ce?"
indirect - raspunde la intrebarea "cui?"
Cand complementul indirect 11 precede pe cel direct, atunci structura propozitiei este urmatoarea:
She gave me a book. - Ea mi-a dat 0 carte.
Ordinea complementelor poate fi schimbata, dar In acest caz complementul indirect este
precedat de to:
She gave a book to me. - Ea mi-a dat 0 carte.
18
A Traduceti urmatoarcle propozitii in Iimba romana:
1. Reading the newspaper, I couldn't believe the news.
2. Unless she earns enough, she won't go on holiday.
3. Let's open all the windows in the house.
4. Let John go there and find it.
5. Why don't you want to show the picture to me?
6. She will arrive in a fortnight at noon.
1. Ce vei face in viitor?
2. (Lasa-i) sa ne povesteasca ei aceasta intimplare!
3. Daca nu vei fi serios, intr-o zi n-o sa te mai credo
4. Vrand sa repare radioul, ell-a stricat.
5. Avem un prilej sa mergem intr-o excursie.
6. I-am dat lui ceasul meu digital (2 variante de traducere).
C. Scrieti urmatoarele date cu litere:
1. 1782
2. 795
3. 1900
4. 2005
5. 3000
19
LECTIA
, 30 PARTEA "INTAI
"
lncepem lectia cu un grup de substantive noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti

atenti la sensullor In limba romana:
answer > [a:nsa r] - raspuns
appearance > [apiarans] - aparitie, ivire, Inrati~are
attempt > [atempt] - Incercare, tentativa
collection > [kalek~n] - coleqie
environment > [invainlnmant] - mediu, ambianta
habit > [ hEbit] - obicei, deprindere
headline > [hedlain] - titlu (In ziar)
history > [histari] - istorie
mornmg paper > [mo:rnin(g) peipa r] - ziar de dimineata
promise > [promis] - promlslUne
subject > [sabdjikt] - subiect, tema, materie
subscription > [sabskrip~n ] - abonament
Repetati cuvintele Intr-o alta ordine:
=
"i
headline
history
> [hedlain]
> [histari]
- titlu (In ziar)
- istorie
~~!IIIII!IIIi!
ith some of fa I
.... environment > [invairanmant] - mediu, ambianta
'!!!!!!!iij~lle.rid'sYou
subscription > [sabskrip~n ] - abonament
:. say I :8
strong- I
I:
collection > [kalek~n] - colectie
=
l.... attempt > [atempt] - Incercare, tentativa
mornmg paper > [mo:rnin(g) peipa r] - ziar de dimineata
answer > [ a:nsa r] - raspuns
promise > [promis] - promlSlUne
appearance > [apiarans] - aparitie, Inrati~are
habit > [hEbit] - obicei, deprindere
subject > [sabdjikt] - subiect, tema, materie
20
lata acum cuvintele noi In propozitii:
She gave me no answer. > [~i geiv mi: nall ansa'] - Ea nu mi-a raspuns.
We learn from history. > [ lI i: la:rn from histari] - Invatam din istorie.
I like reading about > [ai laik ri:din lg ) abaut - Imi place sa citesc despre
that subject. DIEt sabdjikt] subiectul acela.
The attempt was useless. > [D1i atempt lI oz iu:slis] - Incercarea a fost rara rost.
It is his habit to have > [it iz hiz hEbit tll hEv - EI are obiceiul sa ia tarziu
a late breakfast. a lelt brekfast] micul-dejun.
We have to clean up > [ lI i: hEy tll kli:n ap - Trebuie sa curatam mediul

our environment. alia' invairanmant] nostru Inconjurator.
Do you want to see > [du ill: lI ant tll si: - Vrei sa vezi colectia mea
my stamp-collection? mai stEmp kalek~n] de timbre?
Their appearance excited us. > [D1ei' apiarans iksaitid as] - Aparitia lor ne-a bucurat.
You have to keep > [ill: hEy tu ki:p - Trebuie sa-ti tii
your promise. 10:' promis] promisiunea.
The news is in the morning > [DZa nill:Z iz in DZa mo:rnm lg ) - ~tirea este In ziarele
papers. peipa'z] de dimineata.
I read only the headlines. > [ai ri:d aunli D1a hedlainz] - Citesc doar titlurile principale.
He has had a subscription > [hi: hEz hEd a sabskrip~n - EI are un abonament
for many years. fa:' meni iJa'z] de multi ani.
In continuare sa exersam folosirea cuvintelor noi. Completati urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza
cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Mediul (nostru) Inconjurator este foarte important. - Our >enVlronment is very important.
~i a doua sa Incercare a e~uat. - Also his second >attempt failed.
Crezi col istoria era 0 materie placuta - Did you think >history was a nice >sllbject
la ~coala? in school?
Abonamentul este mai ieftin. - The >sllbscription is cheaper.
Citesc intotdeauna ziarul de dimineata. - I always read the >morning-paper.
Ei au 0 colectie impresionanta. - They have an impressive >collection.
Acestea sunt obiceiuri proaste. - These are bad >habits.
El nu cunoa~te raspunsul. - He doesn't know the >answer.
Nu promite prea mult! - Don't give too many >promises!
21
Infati~area ei ne-a facut sa zambim. - Her >appearance made us smile.
Ai citit titlurile principale? - Have you read the >headlines?
"Her appearance made us smile."
Ati retinut cuvintele noi? Traduceti in limba engleza:
ziar de dimineata > mornmg paper
incercare, tentativa, experienta > attempt
aparitie, infati~are > appearance
titlu (in ziar) > headline
promisiune > promise
abonament > subscnptlOn
raspuns > answer
subiect, terna > subJect
obicei > habIt
mediu, inconjurator > en, Ironment
colectie > collectIon
istorie > hist'lry
Adverbele once -["ans] - 0 data, twice -l tll,II~J - de doua ori, sunt jolosite joarte des pentru a
exprima frecventa cu care se petrece 0 actiune. Celelalte adverbe se jormeazii cu ajutorul unui
numeral $i al substantivului time: three times, four times etc.
22
Traduce1i urmatoarele propozi1ii, folosind cuvintele inva1ate anterior:
Am citit de cinci ori aceasta carte. > I have read this book five times.
L-am intalnit 0 singura data. > I have met him once.
Gande~te-te de doua ori inainte de a spune ceva. > Think twice before you say something.
Am pierdut cheile deja de trei ori. > I have lost the keys thl ee times already.
lata din nou expresii ~i cuvinte noi:
just in time > [dpst in taim] - toemai la timp
in the meantime > [in DZami:ntaim] - intre timp, pana una alta,
deocamdata
wait a minute > [Ueit a minit] - a~teapta pU1in/o clipa, ai pU1ina

rabdare
plenty of time > [plcnti av taim] - timp destul
Urmari1i expresiile noi in urmatorul dialog. Citi1i eu aten1ie:
A: There is an interesting film on at the cinema today.

B: What time does it start?
A: At eight. We have plenty of time. In the meantime we can do some shopping.
B: Certainly. It's six now. We'll do the shopping and get to the cinema just in time.
A: Wait a minute! I've forgotten we have no money! We can't buy anything.
Sa citim propozi1iile din text separat:
There is an interesting film > [DZear iz an intrastm{g) film - Este un film interesant
on at the cinema today. on Et DZa sinama tadei] la cinematograf astazi.
What time does it start? > [liot taim Jaz it start] - La ee ora incepe?
At eight. > [Et eit] - La opt.
We have plenty of time. > [lIl: hEv plenti av taim] - Avem timp destul.
In the meantime we can do > [in D/a mi:ntaim U1: kEn Ju: - Intre timp putem face
some shopping. sam ~opin(g)] ni~te cumparaturi.
Certainly. > [sa:rtanli] - Desigur.
It's six now. > [its slks nau] - Acum este ~ase.
We'll do the shopping > [Ui:l du: D/a ~llpin(g) - Vom face cumparaturile
and get to the cinema End get tu DZa sinima ~i vom ajunge tocmai la timp
just in time. dJ ast in taim] la cinematograf.
Wait a minute! > [lieit a milllt] - A~teapta pU1in!
23
I've forgotten we have > [a/v forgotn tlJ: hEv - Am uitat, nu avem bani!
no money! nau manl]
We can't buy anything! > ["I: ka.nt bal eniT'm(g)] - Nu putem sa cumparam nimic.
Stai putin, ~i biletele tale? - >Walt a minute, and your tickets?
Am ajuns tocmai la timp ca sa vedem plecarea lor. - We were >just in time to see their departure.
A fost timp suficient pentru a inapoia cartea. - There was >plenty of time to return the book.
Intre timp Ia curat in camera tal - >In the meantime clean your room.
Urmeaza din nou 0 traducere:
stai putin > walt a minute - intre timp > m the meantIme
tocmai la timp > just in time - timp berechet > plenty of time
in afara de adjectivele daily, weekly, folosite ~i ca adverbe, in limba engleza sunt ~i alte adjective
a caror termina{ie este -ly, de exemplu:
lovely >[lavh] - dragut, simpatic, frumos
fatherly > [fa.Dzarli] - parintesc, patem
silly > [si!l] - prost
friendly > [frendli] - prietenos, arnica 1
Daca din adjectivele cu termina{ia -Iy vrem saformam un adverb, nu putem sa dublam sufixul-Iy. in
aceste cazuri adverbele se formeaza cu urmatoarele structuri:
in a lovely way >[m a lavli "e/ ] - intr-o maniera draguta
in a fatherly manner > [in a fa:Dzarli mEna f ] - intr-un mod parintesc
in a silly manner > [in a sih mEna'] - intr-un mod prostesc
in a fnendly way > [in a frend!1 Uei] - intr-un mod prietenesc
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in !imba eng!eza, fo!osind expresiile noi:
Nu face asta intr-un mod prostesc! > Don't do it in a silly manner'
Ne-au vorbit prietenos. > They talked to us m a fnend!y way.
Ea ~tie sa cante frumos. > She can sing in a lovely way.
Fratele meu imi vorbe~te intotdeauna > My brother always speaks to me

parinte~te. m a fatherly manner.
24
Acum unneaza cu un grup de verbe noi:
to waste > [tu "eist] - a irosi, a pierde (inutil)
to succeed (in) > [tu saksi:d] - a reu~i, a izbuti
to pollute > [tu palu:t] - a polua
to neglect > [tu niglckt] - a neglija
to subscribe (to) > [tu sabskraib] - a se abona, a plati cotizatia/

abonamentul
Verbul to succeed este folosit ~i in urmatoarea constructie:
to succeed in + verb - a reu~i, a izbuti

cu tenninatia in -ing
I succeeded in ... - Am reu~it (sa fac ceva)
She succeeded in mending her car. - Ea a reu~it sa-~i repare

ma~ina.
lata verbele noi in propozitii. Retineti traducerea lor in limba romana ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
You have wasted a lot > [Ill: hEy L1 c/stid a lot - Ai irosit multa apa.
of water. av L1 o:ta']
She has not succeded > [~l: hEz not saksi.did - Ea nu a reu~it sa faca asta.
in doing this. in du:inl~1D/is]
This river is heavily polluted. > l D/IS rh a' lZ hEvIll palu:tid] - Acest rau este foarte poluat.
They neglected their cats. - ~i-au neg1ijat pisicile.
I have subscribed to > [ai hEy sabskraibd tu - M-am abonat 1a un ziar

a mornmg-paper. a mo:'nml~) pcipa'] de dimineata.
Nu am reu~it sa ne intoarcem - We >have not >succeeded in returning

la timp. in time.
Au irosit 0 jumatate de ora vorbind. - They >wasted half an hour on talking.
El s-a abonat la acest ziar. - He >has subscribed to this paper.
Ace~ti copii au fost neglijati ani - These children >have been neglected
de-a randul. for years.
Acest lac nu este inca poluat. - This lake is not >polluted yet.
25
Traduceti verbele noi in limba engleza:
a fi abonat, a plati cotizatia/abonamentul > to subscnbe to
a neglija > to neglect
a polua > to pollute
a reu~i, a izbuti, a avea succes (In) > to succeed
a irosi, a pierde > to waste
Dacii verbul are douii complemente (direct ,~i indirect), atunci la diateza pasivii, oricare dintre ele
poate ji subiectul propozi{iei:
He showed me his garden. - EI mi-a aratat gradina lui.
I was shown his garden. - Mi-a fast aratata gradina lui.
His garden was shown to me. - Gradina lui mi-a fost aratata.
In exercitiul urmator, incercati sa construiti propozitii la diateza pasiva operand ambele tipuri de
transformari:
They sent him a letter. > He was sellt a letter.

> A letter was sent to him.
He won't give you the money. > You won"t be given the money.
> The money won't be gIven to you.
He described the accident to us. > We were described the accIdent.

> The accident was descnbed to us.
in limba englezii, participiul terminat in -ing poate inlocui propozi{ia relativii.
Urmiiri!i exemplele:
A man who lives in this street was injured - Un barbat care locuie~te pe aceasta strada,
in an accident yesterday. a fost ranit ieri intr-un accident.
Structura propozi!iei dupii eliminarea pronumelui relativ:
A man living in this street was injured - Un barbat, de pe aceasta strada, a fost ranit
in an accident yesterday. ieri intr-un accident.
in propozi!ia astfel transformatii, participiul -ing determinii substantivul.
Iar acum, exersati folosirea participiulului prezent. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Stiloul care se afla pe masa este al meu. > The pen 1) lI1g on the tahle IS mll1e.
Femeia care se plimba acolo este 0 secretara. > The woman \\;alkll1g there IS a secretary.
Oamenii care viziteaza satul nostru sunt > The reople visItll1g our vIllage are
din Anglia. (jOIn England
Cine sunt acei oameni care stau acolo? > Who are the people Slttll1g there"
26
It cuno~ti pe acel om care vine la noi? > Do you know the man coming to us?
Oamenii care folosesc aceste unelte > The people using these tools
sunt foarte satisIacuti. are very satisfied.
Tablourile care atama aici vor fi vandute. > The pictures hanglllg here will be sold.
Sunt intotdeauna multi oameni > There are always many people spending
care-~i petrec vacanta aici. their holidays here.
Au fast oameni care au vandut > There were people sdlmg

portocale ~i struguri. oranges and grapes.
Cei ce vor mai multe informatii > People wanting more information
se pot reintoarce dupa ora cinci. can return after five.
In ultimul exercitiu al leetiei veti avea ocazia sa reveniti asupra tuturor notiunilor noi de gramatica
~i vocabular:
La ce te-ai abonat? > What have you subscnbed to'?
Am rugat-o de doua ori sa piece in lini~te. > I have asked her tWIce to leave quietly.
Ne-a vorbit parinte~te. > He spoke to us in a fatherly way.
Oamenii care-~i neglijeaza inIati~area cred ca > People neglecting their appearance think it
nu este important sa arate bine. is not Importallt to look good.
Animalele care traiesc in padure, > Animals livmg in the woods

pot gasi mfmcare suficienta. can fll1d enollgh food.
Stai putin, nu ti-ai pierdut umbrela? > Wait a minute, haven't you left your umbrella?
Ne-au aratat doua filme. > Vie were shown two films.
> Two films were shown to us.
o voi spune doar 0 singura data. > [ will say it only once.
Au vorbit prietenos. > They \\ere talking In a fnendly manner.
Au sosit tocmai [a timp; nu a trebuit sa a~teptam. > He came .Just in tnne: we didn't have to wait.
Urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Cuvinte!e aflate pe aceea~i coloana cantin un sunet identic. Cititi
cu voce tare:
[e] [E] [a. ] [au]
neglect habit sharp sound
spend can hard house
mend man dark our
met hand ask found
set land arm out
27
LECTIA
Urmeaza un exercitiu de citire ~i pronuntie. Cuvmtele ~i sllabele accentuate Ie-am scris cu litere
ingro~ate.Ascultati caseta ~i cititi dialogul cu atentie, pentm a va insu~i cat mai corect intonatia
limbii engleze:
Barbara: John! Clever people say time is an important thing in our lives.
John: Of course. To do the things we have to do we need time.
Barbara: When there is too little time we cannot do things as well as we want to do them.
John: Yes, but there are people who always know what to do with the time.
Barbara: You are so right.They go for a walk or read a book or make all kinds of things that are
useful or beautiful.
John: Sometimes they sell these things, which is their way of showing that time is really money.
Mary: What John was saying was true. But don't other people feel bad when there is nothing for
them to do, or at least they think there is nothing?
Peter: Yes, I think so. Usually these people are wasting their time or choose to listen to the radio
or watch television.
Mary: And these people are very happy when friends come to visit them so they can talk about
the news or whatever is worth talking about.
Barbara: Wouldn't it be difficult to say which of these is the better way of spending time?
Tom: Well, it's hard to say. We are always ready to say that we are doing things the right way
and other people are not.
Barbara: But how can we be sure?
Tom: It is a good thing that we are all different.
lata ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Daca reu~iti sa il faceti lara nici 0 gre~eala, atunci puteti trece la
rezolvarea temei pentru acasa. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza:
Citind ziarul de dimineata m-am gandit > Readmg the mornmg paper. I thought of
la promisiunea pe care am Iacut-o. the promIse I had made.
Tragand fermoarul hamei, am parasit casa > Zippll1g up my coat, I left the house
in graba. 111 a llllrry.
AvionuI pleaca la trei dupa-amiaza. > The aeroplane leaves at 3 p.m.
Ea a format numarullor de doua ori. > She has dIalled theIr number tWIce.
Ea a raspuns proste~te. > She answered 111 a sIlly way.
Noi am vazut un barbat care nu avea par pe cap. > We saw a man havmg no hair on hIS head.
Vasul a naufragiat in urma cu doua saptamani. > The shIp \\ as wrecked a fortl11ght ago.
Acesta este geamul prin care > Th IS the \\ mdow through which
IS
a disparut spargatorul. the burglar dIsappeared.
Ei i s-a permis uneori sa pIece mai devreme. > She was occaSIOnally permitted to leave early.
28
Au fost intarzieri de doua ori. > There was a delay twice.
in viitor nu yom pierde timpul. > In future no time will be wasted.
Cati ani biseeti sunt intr-un seeol? > How many leap years are there In a century?
Sa mergem azi la einematograf! > Let's go to the cinema today!
Prezenta lor nu este neeesara. > Their presence is not necessary.
Cativa oameni ered ea este timp destul > Some people think there is plenty of time
pentru a opri poluarea pamantului. to stop polluting the Earth.
Ce materii ti-au plaeut eel mai mult la ~eoala? > What subjects did you like the best in school?
in treeut multe lueruri erau mai ieftine. > [n the past many things were cheaper.
Va trebui sa fii aeolo exact la ora opt. > You'll have to be there at eight o'clock sharp.
Ea a primit serisoarea tocmai la timp. > She got the letter just in time.
Intre timp vom fixa 0 data. > In the meantime we'll fix a date,
Noi am reu~it sa terminam luerul > We succeeded In finishing the work

inainte de miezul noptii. before nllClnight.
Ma~inile polueaza mediul. > Cars pollute the environment.
Vor fi mai muIte oeazii favorabile in viitor. > There wIiI be more opportunities in the future.
Unii oameni au obieeiuri stranii. > Some people have strange habits.
Am vazut multi oameni care purtau > I saw many people wearing
oehelari fumurii. dark glasses.
EI ~i-a vizitat sora eu oeazia > He visited his sister on the occasion of
zilei ei de na~tere. her birthday.
Mi s-a promis 0 slujba mai buna. > I was prommised a better job.
> A better job was promised to me.
"Their presence is not necessary."
29
, 30
30.1. Adjective cu tenninatia -Jy
30.1.1. In afara de adjectivele daily, weekly care pot fi folosite ~i ca adverbe, In limba engleza
sunt ~i alte adjective a caror tenninatie este -Jy. De exemplu:
lovely - dragut, simpatic, frumos
fatherly - parintesc, patern
silly - prost
friendly - prietenos, amabil
30.1.2. Daca vrem sa fonnam un adverb din adjectivul cu terminatia -Iy, nu i se adauga Inca un
sufix -Jy. In acest caz vom folosi urmatoarele structuri adverbiale:
in a lovely way - lntr-un mod placut/dragut
in a fatherly manner - Intr-un mod parintesc
in a silly manner - lntr-un mod neghiob/prostesc
in a friendly way - Intr-un mod prietenos
30.2. Daca verbul are doua complemente (direct ~i indirect), atunci la diateza pasiva, oricare dintre
ele poate fi subiectul propozitiei:
He showed me his garden. - EI mi-a aratat gradina lui.
J was shown his garden. - Mi-a fost aratata gradina lui.
His garden was shown to me. - Gradina lui mi-a fost aratata.
30.3. In fraza din limba engleza, participiul prezent (In -ing) poate Inlocui propozitia subordonata
relativa:
A man who lives in this street - Un barbat, care locuie~te pe aceasta strada,
was injured in an accident yesterday. a fost ranit ieri Intr-un accident.
A man living in this street was - Un barbat de pe aceasta strada a fost ranit
injured in an accident. ieri Intr-un accident.
In asemenea cazuri participiul prezent detennina substantivul.
30
I. She is always doing serious things in a silly manner.
2. We have succeeded in arriving there just in time.
3. Their children were brought to hospital.
4. Factories polluting the environment are very dangerous.
5. They liked her lovely clothes.
6. How could you waste all the money?
I. Am reu~it sa rna abonez la acest ziar.
2. Intre timp am citit ~tirile. (doua variante)
3. Ne-au vorbit intotdeauna prietene~te.
4. Ma~inile care folosesc multa benzina sunt scumpe.
5. L-am vazut pe acest barbat doar 0 singura data.
6. Ea ca~tiga foarte putin pe saptamana.
1. He loves me fatherly.
2. These cars were sold a rich man.
3. My father succeeded to mend the tap.
4. The children who playing in the room are too noisy.
5. She has already said it twice times.
31
VERBELE NEREGITLATE DIN LECTIILE
, 29 SI
, 30
leap > [It:p] leapt > [lept] leapt > [Iept]
ring > [rin(gl] rang > [rEn'gl] rung > [ran(g)]
strike> [stralk] struck > [strak] struck > [strak]
32
, 29 SI
, 30
absence >[Ebsans] - absenta, lipsa
actually > [Ekt~llali] - intr-adevar, in realitate
a.m. > [eiem] - prescurtare de la antemeridian,

inainte de amiaza
answer > [a:nsaT] - raspuns
to appear > [tll apia'] - a aparea, a se infiiti~a, a se vedea
appearance >[apia'ans] - aparitie, inIati~are
as >[Ez] - cum, a~a cum
attempt > [atcmpt] - incercare, tentativa
to be fast > ltll bl: fa:st] - a fila 0 lua inainte (ceasul)
to be slow > ltll bl: slauJ - a fila ramane

in urma (ceasul)
birthday > [ba:TTsdel] - zi de na~tere
to bury >[tu beri] - a ingropa, a inmormanta
century > [sent"ari] - secol, veae
collection > [kalek~an] - colectie
the day after tomorrow > [O"a dei a:fta Ttamorall] - poimaine
the day before yesterday >[O"a deiblfo: Tiesta'dei] - alaltaieri
delay > [dllei] - intarziere, amanare
to describe > [tll diskraib] - a descrie, a prezenta
to dial >[tll dalal] - a forma un numar
digital > [didJital] - digital
to disappear >[tll disapia'] - a disparea
display >[ dlsplei] - etalare, expunere, afi~aj
environment >lmvairanmant] - mediu, ambianta
fatherly >[fa:Oza'Ji] - parintese, patem
to fix > [tll fiks] - a fixa, a consolida, a prinde
formerly >[fo:'ma'li] - altadata, odinioara
fortnight >[fo:'tnalt] - doua saptamani
33
friendly > [frendli] - prietenesc, amical
future - viitor
habit > [hEbit] - obicei, deprindere
headline > [hedlam] - titlll principal (in ziar)
history > [histari] - istorie
in future > [in fm:t~ar] - in viitor
in the meantime > [in DZa mi:ntaIlTI] - intre timp, pana una alta,
deocamdata
just in time > [dpst in taim] - tocmai la timp
to leap > [tu lI:p] - a sari, a salta
leap-year - an bisect
lovely > [lavli] - dragut, simpatic, fmmos
manner > [mEna'] - mod, fel, maniera
to mend > [tu mend] - a repara
midnight > [midnalt] - miezul noptii
moment > [mallmant] - moment, clipa
mommg paper - ziar de dimineata
to neglect > [tll niglekt] - a neglija
noon > [nll.n] - amiaza, miezul zilei
number - numar
occasion > [akeljan] - ocaZle
occasionally > [akeIJanali] - din cand in cand, uneori
once - 0 (singura) data
one day - intr-o zi
opportunity > [opa'tm:mti] - prilej favorabil
past > [pa:st] - trecut
patience > [pel~ans] - rabdare
plenty of time > [plent1 av talm] - timp destul
p.m. > [pum] - prescurtare de la postmeridian,

dupa amiaza
to pollute > [tll [lolu:t] - a polua
presence > [prezans] - prezenta
34
promise > [promis] - promlslune
to ring > [tu rin(~)] - a suna
season > [si:zn] - anotimp
second-hand > [sekand hEnd] - uzat, folosit, purtat
sharp > [p:'p] - ascutit, precis, exact
silly > [sili] - prost, neghiob
to strike > [tu straik] - a lovi, a bate
subject > [sabdjikt] - subiect, tema, obiect
to subscribe (to) > [tu sabskraib] - a fi abonat
subscription > [sabskrip~n] - abonament
to succeed (in) > [tu saksi:d] - a reu~i, a izbuti
trip > [trip] - excUTsie, (scurUi) calatorie
twice > [t"ais] - de doua ori
unless > [anles] - daca nu (cumva), In afara

de cazul cand
wait a minute > [" eit a min it] - a~teapta putin/o clipa,
ai putina rabdare
to waste > [tu "eist] - a irosi, a pierde (inutil)
way > [" e t] - drum, cale, mod
weekday > [ L1 i:kdei] - zi de lucru, zi lucratoare
word > [" a:'d] - cuvant
35
RECAPITULARE
1. Daca un substantiv apare de mai multe ori Intr-o propozitie, poate fi Inlocuit cu cuvantul one:
I don't like this book; - Nu-mi place aceasta carte;

I like that one. mie Imi place aceea.
I don't want these shoes; - Nu vreau ace~ti pantofi;

I want cheaper ones. vreau unii ieftini.
2. Modul imperativ:
Come here! - Vino aici!
Don't eat so fast! - Nu mancati a~a de repede!
Let them go now! - Lasa-i sa pIece acum!
3. Genitivul saxon (the Saxon Genitive):
Mary's car - ma~ina Mariei
these people's houses - casele acestor oameni
my parent's friends - prietenii parintilor mei

LECTIA 31 " "
PARTEA INTAI
,
Ca ~i pana acum, sa incepem leqia cu ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce

tare ~i retineti sensuI lor in limba romaml:
matter > [mEta'] - chestiune, problema,

treaba
fact > [fEkt] - fapt; realitate
object > [ obdjikt] - obiect, scop
idea > [aidia] - idee
peace > [pi:s] - pace
soldier > [sauldja'] - soldat
war > [" O :'] - razboi
mistake > [misteik] - gre~eala,eroare
complaint > [kampleint] - nemultumire, plangere,

reclamatie
incident > [insidant] - incident, intamplare
space > [speis] - spatiu, univers
space travel > [speis trEvl] - calatorie in spatiu
luggage > [lagidj] - bagaj
Sa exersam cuvintele noi intr-o alta ordine:
object > [obdj ikt] - obiect, scop
luggage > [lagidj] - bagaj
matter > [mEtil'] - chestiune, problema,

treaba
incident > [insidant] - incident, intamplare
idea > [aidia] - idee
fact > [fEkt] - fapt
space travel > [speis trEvl] - calatorie in spatiu
war > [" O:'] - razboi
mistake > [mistcik] - gre~eala, eroare
complaint > [kampleint] - nemultumire, plangere,

reclamatie
soldier > [sauldja'] - soldat
2
In exercitiul urmator am folosit cuvintele noi in propozitii:
We don't know everything > ["I: daunt nall cVllT'in\g) - Nu ~tim inca totul
about this matter yet. aballt D/is mEta' id] despre aceasta problema.
The facts are alarming. > [D/a f1:kts a:' ala: rll1in(gl] - Faptele sunt alarmante.
They saw a strange object > [D/ci so: a stlcll1dJ obdjikt - Au vazut un obiect straniu
in the sky. in D/a ska/] pe cer.
These ideas are not new. > [[Yl:Z aidiaz a:' not nlll'\ - Aceste idei nu sunt noi.
All we want is peace. > [01 "1: Jont IZ pl:S] - Tot ce dorim este (sa fie) pace.
What do you know > ["ot dll Ill: nall - Ce ~til despre razboi?
about the war? aballt IYa "t)"r]
This soldier has made > [D/Is Siill!dp' hEz meld - Acest soldat a facut
a serious mistake. a si.nas ll1lstcik] o gre~eala serioasa.
You can return it if there are > [Ill: kI:n ntii:'n It It" O/ca r a: r - Puteti s-o inapoiati daca avet i
complaints. kall1plcll1ts] nemultumiri.
The incident was in > [Dll insidant "oz in - Incidentul a aparut 'in
all the papers. (J.! D/a pciparz] toate ziarele.
Is there enough space > [IZ D'ca'lI1at"spc/s - Este destul spatiu

for our furniture? to.' aua' nl:rmt~a'] pentru mobila noastra?
The first space travel was in > [D/a fa'st SPCIS trEvi U oz IJ1 - Prima calatorie in spatiu
1957. namtb] finl SC\ nJ a avut loc in 1957.
Is that luggage yours? > [17 DZEtlagldj /t)"'zJ - Acest bagaj este al tau?
Iar acum completati propozitiile 'in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Am citit mult despre ace! razboi. - I have read much about that >war.
Negocierile vor aduce pacea? - Will the negotiations bring >peace?
Acele idei sunt greu de inteles. - Those >Icleas are difficult to understand.
Scopul nostru este sa obtinem 0 marire - Our >object is to get a raise

de salariu cat mai curand posibil. as soon as possible.
Faptul ca el m-a ajutat a impresionat-o - The >fact that he helped me impressed

pemama. my mother.
EI nu poate sa acorde mult timp acestei probleme. - He cannot spend much time on this >mattcr.
Imi place sa calatoresc lara bagaje. - I like travelling without any >luggage.
Este periculoasa calatoria in spatiu? - Is >space travel dangerous?
Universul este incredibil de vast. - >Space is incredibly vast.
Aceste incidente se petrec in mod regulat? - Do these >JIlcldcnts happen regularly?
Aceste nemultumiri merita sa fie ascultate. - These >coJl1plaIJ1ts are worth listening to.
3
Ai fiicut de doua ori aceea~i gre~eala. - You have made the same > mIstake twice.
,
Soldatii sunt gata de lupta. - The> soldIers are ready for the fight.
"I like travelling without any luggage."
Rezolvati urmatorul exercitiu de traducere:
incident, intiimplare > incident
gre~eala, eroare > mIstake
pace > peace
razboi > war
chestiune, problema, treaba > matter
soldat > soldIer
spatiu, univers > space
nemultumire, pliingere, reclamatie > complamt
obiect, scop > object
idee > Idea
fapt > fact
bagaj > luggage
In lec(iile anterioare, ali intiilnit deja verbul modal must - a trebui.
Acum vom inwi(aforma negativii a acestui verb:
1. Forma negativii a verbului must se ob(ine prin adiiugarea adverbului de nega(ie not: must
not (forma prescurtatiijiind mustn't l masnt] care inseamnii a nu fi permislingaduit, a nu
avea voie, a fi interzis, de exemplu:
She mustn't smoke. - Ea nu are voie sa fumeze.
You mustn't talk here. - Nu ai voie sa vorbe~ti aici.
4
2. Structura negativii - BU trebuie, se exprinu] cuforma scurtii needn't lnLdnt], de exemplu:
You needn't read all these books. - Nu trebuie sa cite~ti toate aceste cacti.
She needn't worry about it. - Ea nu trebuie sa-~i faca griji in legatura
cu asta.
lar acum sa folosim verbele modale invatate anterior. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu
verbul corespunzator:
Nu trebuie sa mergem acolo. - We >needn 't go there.
De ce nu am voie sa yin aici? - Why > 1TI1i stn 't I come here?
Nu avem voie sa facem aceasta gre~eala. - We >lTIlistn 't make this mistake.
Nu trebuie sa ascult plangerile tale. - I >needn't listen to your complaints.
Nu ai voie sa-ti la~i bagajul aici. - You > 1TI1i stn 'f leave your luggage here.
Aceste ~tiri nu sunt neaparat adevarate. - This news> needn't be facts.
Urmeaza un alt grup de cuvinte noi. Exersati pronuntia ~i retineti intelesullor in limba romana:
objective > [abdjekti\] - obiectiv, nepartinitor
decisive > ldisaislv] - hotarator, decisiv
urgent > [a:ldjant] - urgent
concrete > l konkri:t] - concret, palpabil
abstract > [EbstrEkt] - abstract
peaceful > [pi:sfal] - pa~nic, lini~tit
presently > [prezantl i] - imediat, indata
lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii:
Can you talk about this > l kEn Ill: to. k aballt DZIS - Poti sa vorbe~ti obiectiv
objectively? abd.lektlvll] despre asta?
Tomorrow will be > [tamorall uil bi: - Maine va fi ziua

the decisive day. D"a disaisiv dC/] decisiva.
This is a very urgent > l D"is jz a veri a:ldpnt - Aceasta este 0 treaba foarte
matter. mEtal] urgenta.
Is there concrete information? > [IZ {Yca f konkri:t II1fame/~n] - Sunt informatii concrete?
I don't like abstract > l ai daunt hllk Ehstrl~kt - Nu-mi plac subiectele
subjects. sabdjlkb] abstracte.
The surroundings are > l Dfa ~araundm(~lz a: 1 - Imprejurimile sunt

very peaceful. \ en pi.~fld] foarte pa~nice.
We'll start it presently. > lUi:l start it prezantli] - Vom incepe imediat.
5
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte:
ldeile abstracte sunt dificil de inteles. ~ > A bStLlct ideas are difficult to understand.
Avem nevoie urgenta de mai mult - We >ur~cnlly need more

ingra~amant chimic. fertilizer.
Aceasta trebuie prezentata intr-un mod obiectiv. ~ It has to be shown in an >ob.lcctlve way.
Vom termina imediat. - We'll finish it >prcsenlly.
Ei traiesc intr-o reglUne lini~tita. - They live in a >pcaccful region.
Masa este un obiect coneret. - A table is a >concrck object.
Este greu sa fii obiectiv in aceasta problema. - It is difficult to be >obJcctive in this matter.
Traduceti unnatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
concret > cOllclde
decisiv > deClSI\ c
pa~nic, lini~tit > peaceful
imediat, indata > presently
abstract > aboitract
urgent > urgent
obiectiv >ob.lectl\C
Ati reu~it sa rezolvati exercitiul anterior? lata acum un grup de verbe noi:
to matter > rtu mEta' j - a conta, a avea importanta ~

to notice > [tu naullsj - a observa, a baga de seama
to complain > l tu kamplclTl ] - a se plange, a reclama
to agree > [tuagri"] - a fi de acord, a accepta
to disagree > flU (hsagri:] - a nu fi de acord, a nu accepta
to decide >[tUJloilltJj - a decide, a hotari
lata cuvintele noi intr-un scurt dialog. Cititi-l cu atentie:
A: Peter, Jane complains that you forbid her everything.

B: Really? I haven't noticed.
A: She wanted to go on holiday with her friends and you didn't agree.
S: I think I was right. But does it matter?
A: Yes, it does. You didn't even tell her why you disagreed.
B: Now you are right. Next time when I decide to forbid her something 1'1\ explain why.
6
Sa analizam acum fiecare propozi~ie separat:
Peter, Jane complains that > i pi'fa' dJclll kalt1plcll1z DzEt - Peter, Jane s-a plans
you forbid her everything. Il,: forhid ba:' cvnl 'in(~lj ca Ii interzici totuI.
Really? I haven't noticed. > I IbiI al hF\"llt nallt!st] - lntr-adevar? Nu am observat.
She wanted to go on holiday > [Sl. "0n lld tll gall on holide: - Ea a vrut sa mearga in concediu
with her friends and you Jl), hel r frcndl 1· nd Ill: cu prietenii ei dar tu
didn't agree. ,iidnt a~n: j nu ai fost de acord.
I think I was right. > 1:11'] 'Jl1'C'k al"OI rail1 - ered ca am avut dreptate.
But does it matter? > l bat daz It mEta' 1 - Dar conteaza asta?
Yes, it does. > [ICS It d:l/1 - Da.
You didn't even tell her > 1'11, didn! i \ n tel hal - Nici macar nu i-ai spus
why you disagreed. 'dl III dls;I~" Ld j de ce nu ai fost de acord.
Now you are right. > [nallill ;\",ailj - Acum ai dreptate.
Next time when I decide > lnd; 'I (<11111 ''\:n dl (!Jsald - Data viitoare cand
to forbid her something tll Illlhid kl" s;\lnT'Jl1':') voi decide sa-i interzic ceva,
I'll explain why. :1l1Ibpil'J11 "alJ ii voi explica de ceo
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu verbele corespunzatoare:
A contat mult pentru mine. - It >l1lattCl cd a lot to me.
Ai observat ca el a baut prea mult? - Have you >J1l,tILcd that he has drunk
too much?
S-au plans de cal dura. - They> COJl1I' 1:1 ined of the heat.
~tiu ca ei nu sunt de acord. - I know they don't >dgrce.
Nu am fost de aceea~i parere in acea problema. - We >dlsagrt.'cd on that maUer.
Noi am dec is sa nu-i a~teptam. - We >declded not to wait for them.
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele verbe:
a accepta, a fi de acord
a decide, a hotari > to dec Ide
a se plange, a reclama > to c< ,mplain
a observa > to notice
a conta, a avea importanta > to Jl1.ltkl
a nu fi de acord
7
lar acum sa revenim la imperativulformat cu verbullet.
Dacii propozi(ia in care verbul este la imperativ este flegatlva (vrem ca cineva sa flU facii ceva),
atunci se folose~te cuvantul de nega(ie not.
De exemplu:
Let's not agree. - Sa nu fim de acord!
Let them not decide themselves. - Sa nu decida ei ln~i~i!
In exercitiul urmator traduceti propozitiile in Iimba engleza:
Las( -0) sa nu faca aceasta gre~eala! > Let her not make thIs mistake.
Sa nu luam bagajul cu noi! > Let's not take the luggage wIth us.
Sa nu-llasam sa vorbeasca tot timpul > Let hun not talk about the war
despre razboi. a II the tIme.
Urmeaza ultimul exereitiu al lectiei, in care vom sintetiza cele invatate. Traduceti propozitiile
urmatoare in limba engleza:
Acest incident nu trebuie sa se mai intiimple. > ThIs incIdent mustn't happen again.
Calatoria in spatiu este captivanta. > Space travel IS excllJl1g.
Nu trebuie sa te giinde~ti la aceasta problema. > You needn'l thmk about thIS matter.
El are 0 idee buna, sa-I lasam sa vorbeasca. > He has a good Idea, let hllll speak.
L-ai observat pe barbatul cu palaria verde? > Have you noticed thIS man m a green hat?
Nu ai voie sa hotara~ti lara sa vorbe~ti cu Jane. > YDU mustn't declClc Wllhout lalkmg to .lane.
Nu conteaza. > It doesn '1 matter.
Sa nu-i lasam sa se pliinga! > LeI them not complalll'
Nu trebuie sa ajungem la un acord acum. > We needn't aglec now.
8
LECTIA
incepem partea a doua a lectiei cu substantive referitoare la razboi.

Cititi cuvintele cu voce tare:
army > [a:fmi] - armata
navy > [neivi] - flota maritima, marina

militara
air force > [eaffo:fs] - forta aeriana
civilian > [sivilian] - civil
trench > [trent~] - tran~eu
weapon > [U epn ] - arma

enemy > [cnami] - mamlC
ally > [Elai] - aliat
cartridge > [ka:ftridj] - cartu~
atom-bomb > [Etam bom] - bomba atomica
battle > [bEtl] - batalie, lupta
submarine > [sabmari:n] - submarin
Sa exersam cuvintele noi ~i intr-o alta ordine:
enemy > [enami] - inamic
ally > [Elai] - aliat
navy > [neivi] - flota maritima, marina

militara
cartridge > [ka:ftridj] - cart~
submarine > [sabm[lri:n] - submarin
army > [a:'miJ - armata
atom-bomb > [EUun hom] - bomba atomica
air force > [ca f fO:f S] - fortii aeriana
weapon > [U cpn ] - arma
civilian > [slvilian] - civil
9
Unnariti folosirea cuvintelor nOl in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la traducerea lor in
limba romana:
This country has > l DIIs kantll hEz - Aceasta tara are
a small army. a smo:1 a·rmi] o annata mica.
In a war the air forces are > l In a "o ' \)'1 ea' fo:'slz a:' - intr-un razboi foI1a aeriana este
often decisive. olil dlsalsl\] deseori decisiva.
Many civilians were killed. > [meD! sivillanz "a.' klld] - Multi civili au fost uci~i.
The soldiers had to dig > [DZa sauldja'z hEd tll dig - Soldatii au trebuit sa sape
trenches. trent~lz ] tran~ee.
Our weapons are not > [aLia' "frllZ a: r not - Annele noastre nu sunt
modem enough. l11oda'n maf] destul de modeme.
We have no infonnation > [uJ. hE\ nall Il1famelSn - Nu avem infonnatii

on the enemy. on D/) ena111l] despre inamic.
Our allies were too late > lalla' Elalz "a:' tll: lelt - Aliatii au venit prea tarziu
to help us. tll help as] sa ne ajute.
These are bad cartridges. > [DzI:z a: r bEd ka:rtnd]lz J - Acestea sunt cartu~e proaste.
Was it necessary to use > [U oz It nCSlsarl tll 11I:Z - A fost necesara folosirea
the atom-bomb? DZj Etam bom] bombei atomice?
The battle started at night. > [Dca bEtI sta.'tld Et nait] - Batalia a inceput noaptea.
TheIr navy has no > l DZel' nervI hEz nall - Flota lor maritima nu are
submarines. sabmall·llz] submarine.
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care Iipsesc:
Sunt destule cartu~e? - Are there enough> caJiridgeS?
Inamicul are avioane modeme. - The >enemyhas modem planes.
Tran~eele sunt suficient de adanci. - The> trenches are deep enough.
Aliatii no~tri ne sprij ina. - Our> allies support us.
Multi civili parasesc ora~ul. - Many >civilians are leaving the town.
Ei construiesc multe submarine. - They are building many >slIbmannes
Batalia a continuat timp de 0 saptamana. - The >battle has continued for a week.
Noi folosim cell' mai modeme anne. - We are using the latest > weapon~.
Bomba atomica a fost folosita de aliatul nostru. - The >atom-bomb was used by our ally.
10
Fratele meu este in aviatia militara. - My brother is in the >alr force.
Armata are nevoie de mult petrol. - The >army needs a lot of petrol.
Unele tari nu au flota maritima. - Some countries haven't got a >navy.
"My brother is in the air force"
Acum traduceti noile cuvinte in engleza:
forta aeriana > ail force
arma > weapon
cartu~ >nlltridgc
submarin > submannc
lupta, batalie > battle
aliat >ally
civil
flota maritima > n:l\ v
bomba atomica > dto!1l-bomb
armata > :III11Y
tran~eu >\rench
In continuare iatii cum putem exprima datele:
In the forties there were >llI1lYd 10.\))/ lYe;}' "'.1.' - In anii patruzeci au fast (avut lac)
many battles. men! bEll/J multe lupte.
II
Dupii eum ali observat, expresiile ea anii patruzeci, anii cincizeci etc., se formeazii adiiugiind la
numeral artieolul hotiirat :;i sufixul-es. Nu uitali eii litera -y de la sfar:;itul euviintului se transformii
in -i, iar aeeasta este urmatii de terminalia -es.
lata exemplele:
the fifties - anii cincizeci
the sixties - anii l?aizeci
Aeeste expresii pot fi sense eu ajutorul eiji-elor in felul urmiitor:
the 80s - the eighties - anii optzeci

\..
the 20s - the twenties - anii douazeci
Daea vrem sa sllbhniem seeollll, atllnei data se scrie in felul urmiitor:
the 1830s - the eighteen thirties - anii 0 mie opt sute treizeci
the 1970s - the nineteen seventies - anii 0 mie noua sute l?aptezeci
Pe baza exemplelor de mai sus traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Razboiul a inceput in anii 1930. > The war started In the 1930s
(nineteen thIrties).
Mary s-a nascut in anii l?aizeci. > Mary was born In the 60s (sIxtIes).
Aceasta casa a fost construita in anii 1790. > ThIs house \\ as built 111 the J 790s
(se\entccn ninetIes).
In ann '40 au fost putine mal?mi > In the 405 (fortIes) there were fe\\ cars
in Romania. In Romania.
Unneaza din nou cateva cuvinte noi:
tactical >[tEktlkl] - tactic
civilian >[SI\ illan] - civil
nuclear > [11m klIa'] - nuclear
live > [1'11\] - viu, intens
naval > [I1C{\ I] - naval, maritim
annoured >[a 'l11d'll] - blindat, annat
12
Unnariti folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i exersati pronuntia:
The enemy made > [OZi enami meld - lnamicul a facut

a tactical mistake. a tEktlkl mistelk] o gre~eala tactica.
Also civIlian planes > [a:lsau :m'ilian plen1Z - Se folosesc ~i avioane

are used. a:' iu:zd] civile.
Nuclear weapons are > [niu:klia T "cpanz a:' - Annele nucleare sunt extraordinar
enonnously dangerous. ll1o:'masli dell1djaras] de periculoase.
The police were using > [D/a pali.s "a:' lU:zin(g) - Politia a folosit cartu~e
live cartridges. lalv ka 'tndJlz] adevarate.
Naval planes are important > [nclvl plelnz a:' IInpo:'tant - Avioanele flotei maritime sunt
in a modem war. III a moda'n "0:'] foarte importante intr-un
razboi modern.
Their planes are only lightly > [O/el' plelOz a:' aunlI laltli - Avioanele lor sunt slab
annoured. armLl'd] blindate.
Inamicul are doua submarine nuc1eare. - The enemy has two >nuclear submarines.
De obicei avioanele tactice nu sunt - The >tactlcal planes are usually not
foarte mario very big.
Nu este u~or sa distrugi - It is not easy to damage

un avion blindat. an >armoured plane.
Ace~ti copii au gasit cartu~e adevarate. - These children have found >live cartridges.
Batalia navala a fost decisiva. - The >naval battle was decisive.
Soldatii purtau haine civile. - The soldiers were wearing >clvilian clothes.
Traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele unnatoare:
naval, maritim > naval
civil > civIlILln
nuclear > nucleLlr
tactic > (actlc,,1
blindat > armoured
VIU > live
13
in eontinuare ne vom oeupa din nou de gramatiea.
Am inw'i!at deja cuwintul one, care se folose~te pentru inlocuirea unui substantiv care se repetti in
propozitie.
latti ~i cdteva detalii:
Cuvdntul one nu se folose~te pentru inlocuirea unui substantiv care se repetti. dacti in propozi!ie se
aflti ~i pronumele own.
De exemplu:
I won't give you my pen; use your own. - NU-li voi da stiloul meu; folose~te-l pe al tau.
He doesn't need your car. He has - El nu are nevoie de ma~ina tao El are
his own. propria ma~ina.
We never buy vegetables. - Nu eumparam nieiodata zarzavaturi.

We grow our own. Noi In~ine Ie eultivam.
Sa invatam eiiteva verbe noi:
to fight > [tll f3lt] - a (se) lupta, a se bate
to surrender > [tll sarenda'] - a se preda, a capitula
to join > [tu djom] - a se uni, a intra (In)
to arm > [tua:'m] - a (se)lnarma
to fire at > [tll fa/a' El] - a trage (eu 0 arma)
to sink - a (se) seufunda
Dintre verbele de mai sus doua sunt neregulate. lata formele lor:
forma I forma a II-a forma a I1I-a
fight > [ faIt] fought > [fa. t] fought > [fo.t]
sink > [sll1 l g l k] sank sunk
Aeum iata noile verbe In propozilii:
This country has fought > [D/Is kant!! hEz fa. t - Aeeasta lara a dus
many wars. I11CnI "(1 'z1 multe razboaie.
The enemy soon surrendered. > [D/] cnami slI.n sarenda'd] - Inamicul a capitulat repede.
He has joined his army, > [hI hEz d,oll1d hiZ a:'mi - El a intrat In armata lui,
we have joined our own. " 1: hEy djOlml aua' <lun] nOI am intrat In a noastra.
14
They armed themselves > [D'ei a:'md DZemselvz - S-au inannat cu cutitele lor.
with their own knives. lid)' f)'f'I' aun naivz]
They have fired at us > [D'el hEy faia'd Et as - Au tras uneori asupra noastra.
occasionally. akrlJanall]
The submarine sank > [[Ya sa?man:n sEn(~)k - Submarinul a scufundat

five ships in two days. l3,v ~1PS 111 tu: delZ] cinci vapoare in doua zile.
We fought in vain. > lUi: fo:t in velD] - Noi am luptat in zadar.
Our allies have surrendered. > [aua' Elalz hEy sarcnda'd] - Aliatii no~trii au capitulat.
Will you join us? > [lid iu: dJoin as] - Ni te vei alatura?
Are our soldiers > [~l.' alia' sltuld.FJ'z - Soldatii no~trii sunt
sufficiently armed? safi~ant1J a. 'mdl suficient de inarmati?
We fired at the enemy planes, > lUi. faia'cl Et 1)'1 cnami pleinz - Am tras in avioanele inamice,
not at our own. not Et au,,' 3un) nu in ale noastre.
They have sunk too many > [D/el hEv san'~)k tu: mcni - Ei ne-au scufundat deja
of our ships already. av aua' ~IPS o:lrccll] prea multe nave.
Unneaza un exercitiu nou in care vom folosi cuvintele noi. Completati unnatoarele propozitii in
limba engleza:
Vom inceta lupta de indata ce inamicul - We will stop >fighting as soon as the enemy
se va preda. >surrcndcrs.
Dupa 0 saptamana, el a venit dupa sotia sa - After a week he >jomcd his wife
la Londra. in London.
Am scufundat un vapor la miezul noptii. - We >sanK a ship at midnight.
Nu am tras niciodata asupra nimanui. - I have never >fired at anybody.
Avioanele sunt foarte inannate. - The planes are heavily >armcd.
Vom lupta pana la ultimul om. - We will >fig-ht to the last man.
Ei s-au predat Tara sa lupte. - They >SllrJ l'ndereu without >fightmg.
Cele doua annate s-au unit inainte - The two amlies >Jomed before
de ultima batalie. the last battle.
Cate nave au fast scufundate - How many ships >have becn sunk
in aceasta saptamana? this week?
15
Pentru a verifica daca ati retinut cele studiate piina acum, traduceti verbele urmatoare in limba
engleza:
a trage (cu 0 arma) > to fire (at)
a se uni, a intra 1n > to Jom
a (se) scufunda > to sink
a 1narma > to ann
a (se) lupta > to fIght
a se preda > to surrender
Sii revenim incii 0 datii /a f%sirea cuvantu/ui one in in/ocuirea substantive/or.
latii ~i a/te cazuri in care cuvantu/ one poate fi omis:
1. Dupii numera/e cardinale:
I have three chairs and she has five. - Eu am trei scaune ~i ea are cinci.
She bought two coats and stole three. - Ea a cumparat doua haine ~i a furat trei.
2. Dupii genitivu/ saxon:
This bicycle is not so expensive - Aceasta bicicleta nu este atiit de scumpa

as John's. ca a lui John.
It was not her mistake, but her sister's. - Nu a fast gre~eala ei, ci a surorii sale.
3. Dupii pronume/e some, any, these, those:
If you want cigarettes, I can give you some. - Daca vrei tigari, iti pot da cateva.
He was looking for cheap curtains, - EI a cautat perdele ieftine,

but he didn't see any. dar nu a vazut niciuna.
4. Dupii forma de super/ativ a adjective/or:
Of all the cars we have, this - Dintre toate ma~inile pe care Ie avem aceasta
is the fastest. este cea mai rapida.
Of all the flowers I have seen today, - Dintre toate florile pe care Ie-am vazut azi,
these are the most beautiful. acestea sunt cele mai frumoase.
In exercitiul urmator vom exersa constructiile invatate anterior. Traduceti propozitiile in limba
engleza:
Ma~ina lui nu este atiit de rapida ca a lui Mary. > fiIs car IS not so/as fast as Mary's.
Noi am cumparat doua vapoare > We bought two ships

~i ei au cumparat cinci. and they bought jive.
Am camera mea ~i el 0 are pe a sa. > 1 have 111) 0\\ n 100111 and he has hiS nIl II
Sotia lui este cea mai frumoasa. > I lIs \\ Ill.' IS the most bedutlful
16
Noi avem doi copii, iar vecinii no~tri > We have two children and our nelghbOllrs
au ClnC!. have five.
Nu trebuie sa imprumut bani; ii am pe ai mei. > I needn't borrow any money; I have my own.
Parintii lui John sunt mai batnlni dedit ai lui Mary. > John's parents are older than Mary's.
Acest baiat este cel mai inaIt. > This boy lS the tallest.
Urmeaza ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza:
Ciind am observat ca a inceput sa se intunece, > When we noticed it was gettmg dark,
ne-am alaturat aliatilor no~tri. we .lamed our allies.
Nu avem nevoie de submarinele flotei lor militare, > We don't need the submarines of theu' navy:
Ie avem pe ale noastre. we have our own.
EI a Iacut doua gre~eli, dar tu ai Iacut ~ase. > He made two mistakes, but you made six.
Armele inamicului nu sunt modeme. > The weapons of the enemy are not modem.
Reclamatiile cumparatorilor merita > The complamts of the customers are worth
ascultate. listening to.
Am obosit repede pentru ca bagajul meu > I soon got tired because my luggage
a fost greu. \\ as hea\').
Nu ai voie sa iei asta. > You mustn't take it
In anii '20 noi aveam 0 armata mica. > III the 20s (t\\el1t1es) we had a small anny.
Nu trebuie sa faci asta azi. > You needn't do It today.
Ei au decis sa foloseasca bomba atomica. > They have decided to use the atom-bomb.
In incheiere iata exercitiul de pronuntie. Repetati cuvintele:
le] lei] l all la]
weapon navy decide army
trench naval live arm
bed mistake decisive cartridge
enemy space fire armoured
let lake fight car
17
, 31
31.1. Fonna negativa a verbului modal must
31.1.1. Daca verbulUi modal must i se adauga adverbul de negatie not, obtinem fonna must
not (fonna scurta mustn't) care inseamna a nu fi permis/ingaduit, a nu avea voie, a
fi interzis.
She mustn't smoke. - Ea nu are voie sa fumeze.
You mustn't talk here. - Nu ai voie sa vorbe~ti aici.
31.1.2. Corespondentul englezesc al expresiei nu trebuie este needn't:
You needn't read all these books. - Nu trebuie sa cite~ti toate aceste carti.
She needn't worry about it. - Ea nu trebuie sa-~i faca griji in legatura
cu acest lucm.
31.2. Daca vrem ca cmeva sa nu faca ceva, atunci verbului let i se adauga cuvantul de negatie not:
Let's not go there! - Sa nu mergem acolo!
Let them not speak. - Sa nu-i lasam sa vorbeasca.
31.3. Expresnle anii patruzeci, anii cincizeci se formeaza adaugand numeralului articolul hotarat
~i sufixul -es. Litera -y de la sfar~itul cuvantului se transfonna in -i, de exemplu:
.. . . .
the fifties - ann cmClzeCl
the sixties - anii ~aizeci
Aceste expresii pot fi scrise cu cifre in felul unnator:
the 80s - the eighties - anll optzeci
Daca vrem sa subliniem secolul, atunci data se scrie in felul unnator:
the 1830s - the eighteen thirties - anii 0 mie opt sute treizeci
the 1970s - the nineteen seventies - anii 0 mie noua sute ~aptezeci
18
3 1.4. Omiterea cuvantuIui one in cazuI in care inlocuie~te substantive:
in unnatoarele cazuri cuvantul one care inlocuie~te substantive care se repeta, poate fi omis:
1. Dupa adjectivuI own
I won't give you my pen; - Nu-ti voi da stiloul meu; folose~te-l

use your own. pe aI tau.
2. Dupa numerale cardinale:
I have three chairs and she has five. - Am trei scaune ~i ea are cinci.
3. Dupa genitivuI saxon
This bicycle is not so expensive - Aceasta bicicleta nu este aHit de scumpa

as John's. ca a lui John.
4. Dupa pronumeIe some, any, these, those:
If you want cigarettes, - Daca vrei tigari,

I can give you some. iti pot da cateva.
5. Dupa forma de superlativ a adjectiveIor:
Of all the cars we have, - Dintre toate ma~iniIe pe care Ie avem,

this is the fastest. aceasta este cea mai rapida.
19
.......-
TEMA PENTRU ACAS.A 31
I. Let them not buy this expensive bicycle.
2. In the '80s there were a lot of battles.
3. They have two submarines and we have ten.
4. She mustn't give us these towels.
5. You needn't join the army.
6. I wanted stamps but they didn't have any.
I. Nu-mi place aceasta idee. 0 prefer pe aceea.
2. Oilatoriile in spatiu au inceput in anii treizeci.
3. Nu avem voie sa facem aceea~i gre~eala de doua ori.
4. Sa nu-Ilasam pe John sa se planga.
5. Nu trebuie sa lupt in acest razboi.
6. Acesta nu este bagajul meu, ci al Mariei.
c. Corectati gre~elile din urmatoarele propozitii:
1. You needn't to go to school today. You can stay at home if you want.
2. Let her not to open the window.
3. I have one daughter and they have two ones.
4. We met in the 1970.
5. They don't needn't wear these trousers.
20
....--iil. ._ _
LECTIA 32 " "

PARTEA INTAI
,
In continuare va vom prezenta alte cuvinte legate de razboi:
ritle > [raitl] - pu~ca
tank > [tEn(g)k] - tanc
aircraft > [ea'kra:ft] - aVlOn, aVlOane
aircraft carrier > [eilrkra:ft kEria'] - port-avion
anti-aircraft gun > [Enti ea'kra:ft gan] - tun anti-aerian
ammunition > [Emiuni~n] - munitie
target > [ta:'git] - tinta
casualties > [kEjiualtiz] - pierderi, victime
measures > [meja'z] - masuri, dispozitii
bomber > [boma'] - bombardier, avion de

bombardament
fighter > [faitil r] - avion de vanatoare
attack > [atEk] - atac, asalt
Exersati cuvinte1e noi ~i Intr-o alta ordine:
aircraft carrier > [earkra:ft kEria r] - port-avion
attack > [atEk] - atac, asa1t
tank > [tEn(g'k] - tanc
measures > [meja'z] - masuri, dispozitii
ritle > [raitl] - pu~ca
bomber > lboma'] - bombardier, avion de

bombardament
aircraft > [eil'kra:ft] - avion, avioane
casualties > [kEjiualtiz] - pierderi, victime
ammunition > l Emiuni~n] - munitie
fighter > l fait a'] - avion de vanatoare
anti-aircraft gun > [Enti ea'kra: ft gan] - tun anti-aerian
target > [ta:'git] - tinta
21
Acum urmariti folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii:
The soldiers are armed > [D/a sauldp'z a r a:'md - Soldatii sunt inarmati
wIth rifles. uiD z ratflz] eu pu~ti.
How many tanks has > [hau mcn) tEnlg)ks hEz - Cite taneuri are inamieul?
the enemy got? 011 cnalnl got]
Aircraft carriers are > l ea'kra:1t kEna'z a:' - Port-avioanele sunt

enormous ships. Illo:'mas ~lpS] vapoare enorrne.
Our aircraft have not > [aua' eil'kra:ft hE\' not - Avioanele noastre nu
yet returned. let nta:'nd] s-au intors inca.
We need more > [til: m:d mo" - Avem nevoie de mai multe
anti-aircraft guns. Entl ca'kra.1t ganz] tunuri anti-aeriene.
They are having troubles > [D/CI a:' hE\'m lel trablz - Ei au probleme
with their ammunition. " I DI [YCI' El111Lll1isn] eu munitia lor.
A ship IS an easy target. > [a ~IP lZ an i:Zl ta:'gltJ - Un vapor este 0 tinta u~oarii.
How many casualties were > [hall I11Cl1l kEJlualtlz "a ' - Cite vietime au fost
there in that battle? D/ea'In DIEt bEtl] in aeea biitiilie?
We have to take > [") hE\' tu teik - Trebuie sa luam

serious measures. si lIas me)a'z] masuri serioase.
Our bombers have hit > [aua' boma'z hEv hIt - Bombardierele noastre
all the targets. o'j D/a ta:'gits] au nimerit toate tintele.
We lost two fighters > [" 1 lost tu. f alta' z - Jeri noi am pierdut doua
yesterday. lesta' del] avioane de vfmatoare.
The attack came in > [D/i [ltEk kcnTI 111 - Ataeul a ineeput
the early morning. 011 a:'iI l11o.rmn,g,] dimineata devreme.
----="'~-----
"The soldiers are armed with rifles"
22
Sa exersam inca 0 data cuvintele noi. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cuvintele
corespunzatoare:
Tunurile noastre anti-aeriene au fost nefolositoare. - Our> anti-aircraft guns were useless.
Bombardierele zboara la inaltime foarte mare. - The> bombers fly very high.
Acestea sunt pu~ti straine. - These are foreign> nfles.
Au fost putine victime. - There were hardly any > casualties.
Au fost alese multe tinte industriale. - Many industrial> targets were chosen.
S-au raportat doua avioane de vanatoare avariate. - Two> fighterswere reported damaged.
Atacul va avea loc in ceata. - The> attackwill be made in fog.
Ultimul lor port-avion - Their last> aircraft carrier

a fost scufundat in zori. was sunk at dawn.
Pe un port-avion este loc - On an aircraft carrier there is space

pentru multe avioane. for many> aircraft
Tancurile sunt sigure. - The> tanks are reliable.
Aceste masuri nu sunt suficiente. - These> measuresare not sufficient.
Nu avem munitie pentru aceste arme. - We have no > ammunition for these weaports.
Acum traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele:
avion (avioane) > aircraft
munitie > ammunition
pierderi, victime > casualtIes
bombardier > bomber
atac, asalt > attack
t inta > target
tanc > tank
port-avion > aircraft carrier
masuri, dispozitii > measures
avion de vanatoare > fighter
pu~ca > rifle
tun anti-aerian > anti-aircraft gun
23
Acum ne yom reintoarce la 0 problema gramaticala discutata in lectia anterioara, ~i anume, genitivul
saxon.
Genitivul saxon se folose,~te inaintea substantivelor care exprima timpul sau distan!a, de exemplu:
Did you hear last night's news? - Ai auzit ~tirile de ieri seara?
There was a two hours' delay. - A fost 0 intarziere de doua ore.
The building was a mile's distance from us. - Cladirea era la 0 distanta de 0 mila de noi.
Nu uita!i sa adauga!i substantivului la singular sau plural apostroful $i litera sf
Sa aplicam aceasta regula in urmatorul exercitiu:
~tii ceva despre intalnirea de saptamana trecuta? > Do you know anythIng about last week's
meetmg?
~coala se afla la 0 distanta de un kilometru > The school IS a mile's dIstance

jumatale de casa mea. fi om my house.
Cuno~ti rezultatele de lunea trecuta? > Do you know last Monday's results?
Sa invatam ciiteva cuvinte noi:
military >[mihtan] - militar
defensive >[dlfenslv] - defensiv, de aparare
mlssmg - disparut
hostile > [hostad] - ostil, inamic
jet > [dJet] - avion cu reactie
vulnerable (to) > [valnarabl] - vulnerabil, care poate fi atacat
In exercitiul urmator puteti urmari folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu atentie ~i retineti
traducerea lor in limba romana:
Only military targets > [aunl! mihtan ta,'glts - Doar tintele militare
are important. a:' unpo:'tant] sunt importante.
We took defensive measures. > [lil. tuk dlfenslv meJa'z] - Am luat masuri de aparare.
Twenty soldiers are > [tUentl sauld,a'z a r - S-a raportat disparitia a

reported missing. J Ipo·ltld mism lgl ] douazeci de soldati.
No hostile fighters were seen > l nau hostal1 falta'z Ua,l si:n - Nu au fost vazute avioane
that day. DIEt del] de vanatoare inamice in acea zi.
Heavy jet bombers will be > [he\ I dIet boma'z lid bl: - Sunt necesare avioane de
necessary for those targets. neSlsal1 to' !Yauzta 'glts] bombardament cu reactie pentru
acele tinte.
Tanks are vulnerable to some > [1[n1e1ks a I valnalabl tu S3m - Tancurile sunt vulnerabile fata de
kinds of aircraft. kallldz a\ ea'kJa It] unele tipuri de avioane.
24
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele noi:
Avioanele lor de viinatoare cu reactie - Their >jet fighters are very fast. .-
sunt foarte rapide.
Au disparut cinci avioane. - Five planes are >missing
Multe cladiri militare sunt avariate. - Many >military buildings are damaged.
Vapoarele sunt vulnerabile la atacurile - Ships are >vulnerable to attacks

submarinelor. by submarines.
Bombardierele inamice sunt inarmate. - The >hostll e bombers are armed.
Vom avea nevoie de mai multe arme defensive. - We shall need more >defensive weapons.
Jar acum urmeazii douii expresii f%site des in /imba eng/ezil:
to be interested in > [tu bi: intrastid in] - a fi interesat(a) de/sa...
to be afraid of >[tu bi: afrc/d av] - a se teme de
Aceste expresii se folosesc la toate timpurile din limba englezii, prin cOlljugarea corespullziltoare a
verbului to be.
De exemplu:
They are interested in buying your house. - Sunt interesati sa cumpere casa tao
I am afraid of big dogs. - Mi-e friea de ciiinii mario
How long have you been interested in weapons? - De ciind te intereseaza armele?
They were afraid of the enemy. - Le-a fast frica de du~man.
Pentru a exersa folosirea eelor doua expresii, traduce1i in limba engleza urmatoarele propozi1ii:
Ma intereseaza submarineIe. > I am interested in submarines.
De ce ti-e frica de mine? > Why are you afraId of me')
Te intereseaza aceasta ~tire? > Arc you interested in this news?
ered ca a va interesa. > I think she will be 1l1terestcd in it.
Pe parintii mei nu-i intereseaza prietenii mei. > My parents are not interested in my friends.
Le-a fast frica de eel de-al doilea atac. > They were afraid of the second attack.
25
Yom invata ultimele verbe noi din aceasta lectie:
to destroy > [tu (lIstJ oi] - a distruge, a darama
to bomb > [tu bom] - a bombarda
to bring down > [tu brin lgl daun] - a dobori (un avion etc.)
to take off > [tu te/k of] - a decola, a-~i lua zborul
to attack > [tll atEk] - a ataca, a asalta
to defend > [tu (Mend] - a apara
to receive > l tll nsi v] - aprnm
to carry > l tll kElI] - a transporta, a duce
lata folosirea verbelor noi in lIrmatoarele propozitiJ:
Many factories were > [menl fEktanz tla:' - Au fost distruse multe fabrici in
destroyed III the attack. dlstlO/d In IYI atEk] timpul atacului.
The enemy bombed > lO"l cnal1ll bomd - lnamicul a bombardat

our capital. alia' kEpltl] capitala noastra.
They have brought down > [O/el hEv bro:t dalln - Au doborat trei dintre
three of our aircraft. T'll av aua' ca'kJa:ft] avioanele noastre.
The fighters have attacked > [O/a fa/ta'z hEy atckt - Avioanele de vanatoare au atacat
the tanks. IYa I En lg 'ks] tancurile.
The planes took off from > [IVa plell1Z tuk ortrom - Avioanele au decolat de pe
the aircraft carrier. f)ll ea'kra:ft kEnai] vasul purtator de avioane.
We defended the capital > [til. dIfcmhd D/a kEpltl - Noi am aparat capitala cat
as long as possible. Ez lon,e) Ez ]1oslbl] mai mult timp posibil.
Three ships carrying > [ r'n. ~lPS kElIlIl le ) - Trei vapoare, care transportau
ammunition were sunk. Em/llni~ntla:' san1glk] munitie au fost scufundate.
I receIved a letter yesterday. > [ai nsi:vd a leta' Icsta'de/] - leri am primit 0 scrisoare.
Completati propozitiIie urmatoarele cu verbele corespunzatoare:
Ne putem apara portunle? - Can we >dcfend our harbours?
Avioanele s-au inaltat in direetia vantului. - The planes >took off into the wind.
Au bombardat avioanele noastre de vanatoare - They >bombed our fighters

inainte ca ele sa poata decola. before they could take off.
Jumatate din tancuri au fost distruse - Halfofthe tanks were >deslloycd

in primele cateva minute. in the first few minutes.
Yestea pe care am primit-o este ingrozitoare. - The news I have >ICCl'!\ cd is awful.
26
Tunurile anti-aeriene au doboriit - The anti-aircraft guns have> broughtdown
multe avioane. many aircraft.
Bombardierele au atacat de doua ori In acea zi. - The bombers> attackedtwice that day.
Ele pot transporta bombele cele mai grele. - They can> can") the heaviest bombs.
In Incheierea acestui ~ir de exercitii, traduceli In limba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte:
a transporta, a duce > to carry
a apara > to defend
apnml > to receive
a ataca > to attack
a decola > to take off
a doborl > to bring down
a bombarda > to bomb
a distruge > to destroy
Iar acum sa ne Intoarcem la pronumele ~i adjectivul pronominal any.
Adjeetivul pronominal any se folose~te ~i in propozi!ii afirmative. in aeest caz inseamii: orice,
oricare, ~i se folose~te pentru determinarea persoQnelor :;;i obiectelor.
Any child knows the answer - Orice copil ~tie raspunsul

to that question. la aceasta Intrebare.
He will take any room you can - Va accepta orice camera pe care poli
offer to him. sa i-o feri.
You can come any day. - Poli veni In orice zi.
Vii prezentiim ~i formele pronominale compuse ale acestui cuvant:
anybody > [ embodl] - oricine, oricare
anyone > [eni"anj - oricine, orieare
anything > [eniT'in(g)j - once
anywhere > l cI1l U ea'] - oriunde, In oriee loe
Anybody can tell you that. - Oricine 11i poate spune asta.
You can give it to anyone you meet there. - Poti sa dai asta oricarei persoane pe care
o Intiilne~ti acolo.
Those people will do anything for money. - Oamenii aceia vor face orice pentru bani.
You can put that chair anywhere. - Poti pune oriunde scaunul acesta.
27
in exercitiul unnator vom exersa utilizarea adjectivului pronominal any ~i a fonnelor sale compuse.
Traduceti propozltlile in Iimba engleza:
Orice camera este destul de buna pentm mine. > Any room IS good enough for me.
Poate fi folosit in orice tara. > It can be used m any country.
Orice carte cumparata va fi impachetata > Any book that IS bought wIll be wrapped up
frumos. nJCe!y.
Oricine poate vedea ca acele flori > Anybody can see that those flowers
nu sunt proaspete. ,II e not fresh.
Oricine a fost acolo, ~tie cat de intens > Anyone who has been there knows how much
este traficul. hallic there IS.
Poate fi Iacut cu orice lucru ascutit. > It can be done wIth anythmg that is sharp.
Criminalul se poate ascunde oriunde. > The cnmmal can be hldmg anywhere.
lata ~i ultimul exercitiu de traducere din aceasta parte a lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile unnatoare in
limba engleza:
Pu~tilepe care Ie folositi sunt mai bune > The nfles you ale using are better
decat acestea. than these.
Dintre toate tancurile pe care Ie-am condus, > Of a]] the tanks I have driven,
acesta este cel mai rapid. thIS IS the fastest.
Orice bombardier poate fi doborat. > Any bombel can be blought down.
Oricine poate nimeri aceasta tinta. > Anybody can hit thIS target.
Atacul poate incepe oriunde. > The attack can start anywhere.
Dintre toate tintele pe care trebuia sa Ie aparam, > Of a]] the tal gets \\ e have to defend,
acesta este cea mai vulnerabila. thIS IS the most vulnerable.
Daca aliatii no~tri au nevoie de bombardiere, > If our al lIes need bombers,
putem sa Ie dam cateva. we can gIve them some.
Aceste cauciucuri sunt cele mai bune. > These tyres are the best.
Orice masura de aparare ne va ajuta. > Any defensIve measure wIll help.
Te intereseaza aceste fapte? > Are you interested m these facts?
in incheierea lectiei, unneaza obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie:
[eJ [EJ [a1J [IJ
jet casualties rifle military
defend attack fighter missing
measure carry light civilian
trench tactical time bring
send matter find sink

28
LECTIA
Cititi cu atentie unnatorul dialog:
Mary: Every day when you read the morning papers, there is news about all kinds of wars, isn't
it, Peter?
Peter: Well, yes. But is it bad? In this way we cannot forget that while we ourselves are living in
peace, things are not so good for a lot of other people.
Mary: Why is it that people cannot live peacefully for a longer time?
Peter: This question is hard to answer. it must be something deep within us.
Mary: Is there anything we can do about it?
Peter: I really don't know. Some people say that we have to destroy all weapons and close ,the
factories that make them.
Mary: But things don't work that way.
Barbara: I agree with what Mary just said, and you John?
John: There will always be people who will do anything for money.
Barbara: I guess so, but other people say that negotiating is the answer. But it often happens that
people finish negotiations when it seems they are getting less than the others.
John: We have to try to be good to other people and in the meantime remember what has often
been said: if you want peace you have to be prepared to fight.
lata-ne ajun~i la ultimul exercitiu al cursului. Ca de obicei, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
EI a crezut ca nu vor fi reclamatii, > He thought there would be no complaints,

dar au fast patru. but there were four.
~tiu ca ideile tale sunt mai bune deciit ale mele. > I know your Ideas are better than my own.
A trebuit sa cautam port-avioane, > We had to look for aircraft carriers,

dar nu am gasit niciunul. but we dIdn't find any.
Mi-am pierdut pu~ca ~i am luat-o pe a lui Mark. > I had lost my ov.n rifle and took Mark's.
Nu crede ca un tanc poate fi fa losit oriunde! > Don't think that a tank can be used anywhere!
Oricine poate vedea ca du~manul > Anybody can see that the enemy
va pierde razboiul. IS losing the war.
Oricine poate transporta aceste cartu~e. > Anybody can carry these cartridges.
29
Orice bombardier cu reaqie poate distruge > Any jet bomber can destroy
aceIe ,inte. those targets.
Ei au decolat pentru a ataca fabrici de muni~ie, > They took off to aUclck ammUnItIon factones.
Ce s-a decis in leg.1Ima cu > What has been dccJ(led about

anneIe nucleare? nuclear \\ capons'?
Nu trebuie sa folosim bomba atomica. > We mustn't use the atom-bomb.
Alia~ii no~tri au capitulat. > Our allIes have surrendered.
Ce anne defensive au > What defenSIve weapons have

bombardierele lor? thell bombers got'!
Doua avioane ale flotei militare, au disparut > Two naval aIrcraft \\ ere mlssmg
dupa lupta aeriana. aftcr the ~m battle.
Care dintre navele lor este cea mai vulnerabila? > Willch of thell ships is the most vulnerable'?
S-a tras ~i asupra avioanelor civile. > Also CIvIlian planes were fired at.
Ai observat numarul mare de tun uri > !-la\ e

)'LlU notIced the large numbcI of
anti-aeriene? anti-anu aft guns')
Ei au intrat in marina militara. > They ha\ e Jomed the navy.
Acum nu trebuie sa-i cautam. > We needn't look for them now.
Nu sunt cunoscute inca toate faptele legate > All the j~ll'(.; about that \\'ar ale not
de acel razboi. yet kncJ\\ Jl
S-au facut pu,ine gre~eli tactice. > A fe\\ tactIcal mIstakes were made.
Nu-i lasa vorbeasca despre anne! > Let them not taik about wcapons'
S-au construit multe avioane In anii ~aptezeci. > In the 70s (Sl'\ cntles) a'lot oLmcraft \H're btult.
Te intereseaza aceste masuri? > Are you lI1terestcd 111 these meaSlil es'.)
"I had lost my own rifle and took Mark's."
30
•
32
32.1. Alte cazuri de folosire a genitivului saxon
Genitivul saxon se folose~te ~i inaintea substantivelor care exprima timpul ~i distanta, de

exemplu:
Did you hear last night's news? - Ai auzit ve~tile din seara trecuta?
There was a two hours' delay. - A fost 0 intarziere de doua ore.
The building was at a mile's distance - Cladirea era la 0 distanta de 0 mila

from our house. de casa noastra.
32.2. Cuvantul any ~i formele sale compuse
I. Adjectivul pronominal any se folosqte ~i in propozitii afirmative. In acest caz inseamna:

orice, oricare:
Any child knows the answer - Orice copil ~tie raspunsul

to that question. la intrebarea asta.
2. Formele compuse ce deriva de la any sunt:
anybody - oricine, oricare
anyone - oricine, oricare
anything - orice
anywhere - oriunde, in orice loc
Anybody can tell you that. - Oricine iti poate spune asta.
You can give it to anyone - Poti sa dai asta oricareia dintre

you meet there. persoanele eu care te intalne~ti aeolo.
Those people will do anything - Oamenii aceia vor face orice

for money. pentru bani.
You can put that chair anywhere. - Poti pune oriunde scaunul acela.
31
A. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitli in limba romana:
I. A lot of aircraft joined the battle.
2. Your ten minutes' speech was interesting.
3. Anybody can tell you about Jane.
4. Have you read yesterday's newspaper?
5. We met a lot of hostile people there.
6. I'm afraid it can be anywhere.
I. Razboiul a inceput dupa doi ani de pace.
2. Ne-am intors acasa infometatl dupa patru ore de plimbare.
3. Grice soldat cunoa~te aceste fapte.
4. Intreaba pe oricine!
5. Poti primi orice la micul dejun.
6. Voi lua orice carte imi vei imprumuta.
C. Alegeti raspunsul corect dintre cele trei variante ~i completati propozitiile urmatoare:
I. . .. can tell you where it is.
a. Anybody
b. None
c. Anything
2. After a ... travel we came to Madrid.
a. two days
b. two day's
c. two days'
3. The ... news is very good.

a. last week
b. last week's
c. last weeks'
32
, 31 SI
, 32
abstract > [EbstrEkt] - abstract
to be afraid of > [tu bi: afreld av] - a se teme de, a avea frica de
to agree > [tuagri.] - a accepta, a fi de acord,

a fi de aceea~i
parere
aircraft > [ea'kra:ft] - avion, avioane
aircraft carrier > [ea'kra:ft kEria'] - port-avion
air force > [ca' fo:' s] - foI1a aeriana
ally > [Elal] - aliat
ammunition > [Emluni~n] - munitie
anti-aircraft gun > [anti ea'kra:ft gan] - tun anti-aerian
any > [em J - orice, oncare
anybody > (enihodl] - oncme, oncare
anyone > [emUan] - oricine, oricare
anything > [eniT'm lgl ] - orice
anywhere > [eniUca'] - in orice loc, oriunde
to ann > [tua:'m] - a inarma, a se inarma
armoured > [a:'ma'dJ - blindat, armat
army > [a:'mi] - armata
atom-bomb > [Etam bom] - bomba atomica
attack > [atEk] - atac, asalt
to attack >[tuatEk] - a ataca, a asalta
to bomb > [tu bom] - a bombarda
bomber > [boma'] - borbardier, avion de

bombardament
to bring down > [tu brin(g) daunJ - a dobori (un avion etc.)
to carry > [tu kEri] - a duce, a transporta
cartridge > (ka:'tridJ] - cartU~
casualties > [kEjlllaltIz] - pierderi, victime
civilian > [51\ ilran] - civil
to complain > [IU kamplein] - a se plange, a reclama
33
complaint > [kampleint] - nemultumire, plfmgere,
reclamatie
concrete > [konkn:t] - concret, palpabil
to decide > [tu disaid] - a decide, a hoUiri
decisive > [dlsa/slv] - hotarator, decisiv
to defend > [tu dlfend] - a apara
defensive > [dlfenslv] - defenslv, de aparare
to destroy > [tu dlstro/] - a distruge, a darama
to disagree > [tu dlsagIi:] - a nu fi de acord, a nu accepta
enemy > [enaml] - du~man, inamic
fact > l fEkt] - fapt, intamplare
to fight > [tu fail] - a (se) lupta, a se bate cu
fighter > [fa/tar] - luptator, avion de vanatoare
to fire (at) > [tu fa/a'] - a trage (cu 0 anna)
hostile > [hostaJ!] - ostil; inamic
idea > [a/dia] - idee
incident > l insldant] - incident, intamplare
to be interested in >[tutll intrastld 111] - a (se) interesa de
jet > [dJet] - avion cu reaqle
to join > [tu dlOIl1] - a se uni, a se asocia
live > [la/v] - viu, intens
luggage > [lagldJJ - bagaj
matter > [mEta'J - chestiune, problema, treaba
to matter > [tu mEta'] - a conta, a avea importanta
measures > lmela' z] - masuri, dispozitii
military > [miiItan] - militar
mlssmg > lmisml~l] - disparut
mistake > [mlste/k] - gre~eala,eroare
mustn't > [masnt] - a nu avea voie, a nu fi pennis,

a fi interzis
naval >lnelvl] - naval, maritim
34
navy > [neivl] - flota maritima, marina militara
needn't > [ni:dnt] - nu trebuie, nu e cazul
to notice > [tu nalltis] - a observa, a baga In seama
nuclear > [nlU:klia'] - nuclear
object > [obdjlkt] - obiect, scop
objective > [abdJcktiv] - obiectiv, nepartinitor
peaceful > [pi:sfal] - pa~nic, calm, lini~tit
presently > [prezantll] - imediat, indata -
to receive > [tu risi:v] - a primi, a lua
rifle > [raJtl] - pu~ca
to sink > [tu sin(glk] - a (se) scufunda
soldier > [sauld]a r ] - soldat
space > [speis] - spaliu, univers
space travel > [speJS trEvI] - calatorie in spaliu
submarine > [sabman:n] - submarin
to surrender > [tll sMcnda r ] - a capitula, a se preda
tactical > [tEktikl] - tactic
to take off > [tll telk of] - a decola, a-~i lua zborul
tank > [tEn(Clk] - tane
target > [ta:'git] - linta
urgent > [a:'djant] - urgent
vulnerable (to) > [valnarabl] - vulnerabil
war > [U o :'] - razboi
weapon > [U epn ] - anna
35

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Metoda introdusa de EUROCOR, se utilizeaza de mult timp cu sueees in tarile vest-europene ~i

2. Atunei dnd invatam 0 limba straina, trcbuie sa exersam ~i sa recapitulam cu

3. Rezolvand in "cioma" exerci(iiIc pcntru acasa, va va fi mai u~or sa va corecta(i ~i

4. Cfmd sunteti siguri de rezolvare, trimiteti tema pe paginile destinate corecturii ~i

observatiilor profesorului. Pentru expedierea temei, folosi(i paginile tiparite in

6. Va rugam, scrie(i citep

Veti vedea, eforturile dumneavoastra VOl' fi displatite. Va dorim mult succes!

Pe marginea paginilor yeti intiHni urmatoarele semne:

Exercitiu pentru verificarea materialului lexical ~i gramatical insu~it

Problema aparuta in acest exercitiu este tratata ~i in leqia 3 la pagina 21

Observatiile cele mai importante care se refera la regulile gramaticale sau

Cititi cu atentie transerierea fonetiea, tiparita eu ro~u, aflata in paranteze

shop > [~op] - magazin, praviHie

Diftongul [auJ se pronunFi la fel ca ~i in limba romana: "dau, sau". Sunetul

shopping - cumparaturi > [0opin(~)]

shop - magazlD > [0 0 P]

street - strada > [stri:t]

railway - cale ferata > [rei/"ei]

train - tren > [trein]

station - statie > [steisan]

church - biserica > [tsJ:'t S]

tower - tum > [t3L1J']

house - casa > [halls]

door - usa > [do:']

Cititi cu voce tare unnatoarele expresii in limba engleza:

church tower > [tsa:'t 0 taLla'] > tum de biserica

railway station > [rei/"ei stelsan] > gara, statie

shopping street > [sopin(~) stri:t] > strada eu magazine

shopping > 1 ~,OJ1III("11 - eumparaturi

shop > l~()pJ - magazin

street > [5t1I.t] - strada

railway > [rei/"ei] - cale ferata

train > [trein] - tren

station > [steisim] - statie

church > [1.)a.'ts] - biserica

tower > [taLl<:l'] - tum

house > [h<:lLls] - casa

door > [do:'] - usa

Articol Pronun!ia Tipul articolului

a >[aJ vocaHi scurta nehotanlt

Exersati cuvintele in limba engleza folosind articolul:

a shop > [a ~opJ the shop > [D'a $Op]

a station > [a sH'l~an J the station > [DZa stel$an]

a church > [a t;;a.'t;;] the church > [D'a t;;a:'t;;]

a tower > la taua'] the tower > [D'a taua']

a house > [a haus] the house > l [Ya halls]

a door > [a do.'] the door > [Dla do:']

Acum intr-o alta ordine:

the door > [Dla do.'] a station > ld slcl~an]

a house > [ahaus] the church > llYa t~a.'t;;]

the station > [DZastct;;an] a train > [a trem]

a tower > 1,11aua'J a shop > [a $Op]

a street > [a stll tI the tower > [D'a taua']

a church > [a t~a 'tsJ a door > [a do:']

the house > [DZa hausj - casa

a station > [a stcl~aIl] - 0 statie

a door > [a do:'] - 0 u~a

the tower > [D'a taua'] - tumul

a train > [a trem] - un tren

a church >[at~a:'t~] - 0 biserica

the street >[[Ya~tnt] - strada

a house > [~I 1];\1I~] - 0 casa

the train >[IY~1 trein] - trenul

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