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SPONDILOARTROPATII
SERONEGATIVE (SPSN)
DEFINITIE
Afectare articulara axiala si/sau
periferica
Entezita
Manifestari extraarticulare comune
HLA B27
Factor reumatoid, de regula, absent
SpA CRITERII ESSG
Durere vertebrala inflamatorie
Sau
Sinovita asimetrica/localizata predominant la membrul inferior
Teren genetic
Factor infectios
Anomalii imunologice
Mecanisme patogenice
TEREN GENETIC
Infectii genitale
- Chlamydia trachomatis
ALTI GERMENI
Clostridioides difficile
Escherichia coli
Mycoplasma genitalium
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-
Guerin (BCG)
ANOMALII IMUNOLOGICE
Imunitatea celulara
- LT CD8 ↔ HLA B27: prezentarea
peptidelor artritogenice (Yers., Chl.)
- LT CD 4 (SIDA, IFN γ)
Imunitatea umorala: Ig M → Ig G, A
MECANISME PATOGENICE
Pt. bacterii cu poarta de intrare enterala
- supravietuire in mucoasa digestiva si ganglionii
limfatici
- transport la articulatie prin mononucleare
- patogenie prin Ag bacteriene
→ARe tip artrita aseptica declansata de infectie
Manifestari generale:
- febra
- stare generala alterata
- fatigabilitate
- anorexie
- scadere ponderala
ARe
MANIFESTARI MUSCULOSCHELETALE (I)
Artrita periferica
Afectarea axiala
Entezita
Dactilita
Hipotrofia musculara
ARe
MANIFESTARI MUSCULOSCHELETALE (II)
ARe
MANIFESTARI EXTRAARTICULARE (I)
Cutaneomucoase
- keratoderma
blenorrhagica
- balanita circinata
- ulceratii mucoasa
digestiva
- uretrita sterila
- eritem nodos
- modificari unghiale
ARe
MANIFESTARI EXTRAARTICULARE (II)
Oculare
- conjunctivita
- uveita anterioara
Cardiace
- insuficienta aortica
- blocuri A-V
Renale
- glomerulonefrita mezangiala cu Ig A
- amiloidoza
Altele (neurologice, pulmonare)
ARe
DIAGNOSTCUL DE LABORATOR
Sd. inflamator
Lichidul sinovial
Monitorizarea manifestarilor extraarticulare
Determinarile imunologice si genetice
Studiile microbiologice si serologice
ARe
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGISTIC
● TARDIV:
Osteoporoza juxtaarticulara
Tumefiere de parti moi
Periostita, entezita
Eroziuni (forme cronice)
Sacroiliita asimetrica
Sindesmofit atipic/nonmarginal
Creste probabilitatea
ARe
DIAGNOSTIC DIFERENTIAL
Cu restul SpA, in special artrita psoriazica
si artrita BII tip I
Artritele infectioase, in special gonococica
Artritele microcristaline
B. Behçet
Traumatismul articular
RAA
BCG intravezical
ARe
EVOLUTIE
Teren genetic
Factor declansator
Anomalii imunologice
TEREN GENETIC
Cromozomul 6p:
- B13, B17, B39, C*0602: Ps si APs
- B27: barbat, prindere axiala
- DR4: eroziva, poliarticulara
- B27, B39, DQ3: progresiva
- MICA-002: APs
- polimorfism promoter TNF-α
FACTORUL DECLANSATOR
Traumatism mecanic
Infectie (Str, HIV)
Stress
ANOMALII IMUNOLOGICE
Caractere generale
- durere si redoare mai reduse in
comparatie cu PR
- evolutie insidioasa, dar rapid distructiva
APs
MANIFESTARI MUSCULOSCHELETALE (I)
Forme clinice de
afectare articulara
1. oligoartrita
asimetrica
2. poliartrita simetrica
3. afectarea IFD
4. artrita mutilanta
5. spondilita
psoriazica
APs
MANIFESTARI MUSCULOSCHELETALE (II)
Alte manifestari
- dactilita
- entezita
- edem cu godeu
- tenosinovite
- tumefiere mb. sup.
APs
MANIFESTARI EXTRAARTICULARE
Cutanate si unghiale
- psoriazis
- punctatii, hiperkeratoza,
onicoliza
Oculare
- conjunctivita
- uveita ant.
Cardiace
- insuficienta aortica
DIAGNOSTIC-INDICATORI APs
Hiperuricemie
DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGIC (I)
Lipsa osteoporozei
juxtaarticulara
Eroziuni marginale cu
productie osoasa
Frecvent largirea
spatiului articular, mai
rar pensarea
Tendinta la anchiloza
DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGIC (II)
Osteolize extensive,
uneori cu aspect
particular de “creion
in cupa”
Periostita, falanga de
fildes, entezita
DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGIC (III)
Sacroiliita asimetrica
Sindesmofit atipic/nonmarginal
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGISTIC
PRECOCE
IL-17 inhibare:
-mab anti IL-17: secukinumab, ixekizumab
- mab anti IL-17R: brodalumab
Mecanisme imune
- inflamatia intestinala
- cresterea permeabilitatii
- patrunderea de Ag
- formarea de CIC
- inflamatia articulara
CLINIC
Debut
- manifestari sistemice
- manifestari digestive
Manifestari articulare
- artrita periferica tip I si tip II
- afectare axiala
- entezita
- periostita
- hipocratism sau osteoartropatie hipertrofica
Manifestari extradigestive comune SPSN
- oculare: uveita, conjunctivita
- tegumentare: eritem nodos, pyoderma
gangrenosum, afte
- amiloidoza
ARTRITA PERIFERICA
TIP I (5%) ≈ ARe TIP II (3-4%) ≈ PR/APs poli
Radiologie
- Sacroiliita simetrica
- Sindesmofite tipice: coloana
de bambus
- Afectare periferica fara
modificari Rx
- Rar: eroziuni si proliferare
osoasa
- Entezita
TRATAMENT
! AINS, incl. inhibitori specifici COX-2
Corticoterapie incl. orala; prednison,budesonid
Sulfasalazina
Methotrexat
5-Azatioprina, 6-Mercaptopurina
Ciclosporina-A
Terapia anti TNF-α (Infliximab, Adalimumab,
Certolizumab; ! Etanercept doar pentru suferinta
articulara)
Anti IL12/23: ustekinumab