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Curs Sistem Endocrin Studenti-Transfer Ro-14mar-1b9159 PDF
Curs Sistem Endocrin Studenti-Transfer Ro-14mar-1b9159 PDF
Tiroid Tiroid
Paratiroide
Rinichi
Pancreas
Gonada
http://www.studyblue.com
- neuroni peptidergici -
HIPOTALAMUSUL ENDOCRIN
Neuroni magnocelulari Neuroni parvocelulari
HIPOTALAMUSUL ENDOCRIN
Neuroni parvocelulari Neuroni magnocelulari
1. NEURONII MAGNOCELULARI
Localizare:
- nc.SOP i nc.PV
Particulariti structurale: 25 m
- aparat de sintez proteic bine dezvoltat - granule de secreie: 160-200 nm - axoni nemielinizai lungi: * se termin asinaptic conexiuni de tip neurovascular * pe traseu dilataii (corpii Herring) * ajung n: - lobul posterior hipofizar tractul supraoptico-hipofizar tractul paraventriculo-hipofizar
1. NEURONII MAGNOCELULARI
2. NEURONII PARVOCELULARI
Localizare: aria hipofiziotrop (1962, Halasz): Particulariti structurale: 15 m - aparat de sintez proteic mai slab dezvoltat - granule de secreie: 100-110 nm - axoni scuri: * se termin asinaptic conexiuni de tip neurovascular * ajung: - n eminena median (plex capilar primar) - n peretele ventriculului III
2. NEURONII PARVOCELULARI
Neuroni secretori
Stocare extracelular
http://ocw.tufts.edu/Content/14/lecturenotes/134087
2. NEURONII PARVOCELULARI
12x10x9 mm G= 0,5 gr
LA
LI
LP
ORIGINE EMBRIOLOGIC
Neuroectoderm
Ectoderm
Junqueira LC, Carneiro J. Basic Histology, 11 th Edition
1. ADENOHIPOFIZA
Lobul anterior
Celule bazofile
Celule acidofile
Celul cromofob
http://group35endocrine.wikispaces.com/
?
n culturi: gonadotropi sau subuniti celule stem (precursoare) cromofobe
PRL
PRL
dimensiuni: variaz n raport cu vrsta celule organizate n cordoane sau foliculi cu coloid tipuri celulare:
celule bazofile celule cromofobe
http://ocw.tufts.edu/Content/4/imagegallery/221047/221074
http://ocw.tufts.edu/Content/4/imagegallery/221047/221074
http://ocw.tufts.edu/Content/4/imagegallery/221047/221074
2. NEUROHIPOFIZA
2. NEUROHIPOFIZA
n toate componentele: - fibre nervoase amielinice bogate n microtubuli axoni ai neuronilor din nc. SO i PV direcie paralel cu axul lung al tijei
http://imueos.blogspot.ro/2010_04_01_archive.html
Corpi Herring
http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/text%20sections/endocrine.html
pituicite
http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop /EM/eigeneEM/Hyphphysis/html
microglii
http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop /EM/eigeneEM/Hyphphysis/html
http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/eigeneEM/Thyroidea/SD3E.html
la nivelul ei ajung:
- axonii neuronilor secretori de peptide hipofiziotrope - unii axoni ai neuronilor secretori din nc. SOP - fibre cu originea n trunchiul cerebral
GLANDA TIROID
(gr. thyreos = scut, eidos= form)
5 cm / 2,5 cm G = 20- 30 gr.
Lob drept
Lob stng
Istm
ORIGINEA EMBRIOLOGIC
Foramen cecum
GLANDA TIROID
!!! Depoziteaz n cantitate mare produii de secreie
depozitare extracelular (coloid) necesarul de hormoni pentru 3 luni
GLANDA TIROID
- organizare histologic capsul esut conjunctiv fibros compartimentare n lobuli organizarea parenchimului n foliculi mase compacte celulare esut conjunctiv interfolicular cu adipocite (dup 50 ani) bogat reea de capilare sangvine fenestrate i capilare limfatice inervaie: fibre vegetative se distribuie vaselor i foliculilor
GLANDA TIROID
http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/PTH225.html
coloid
http://people.upei.ca/bate/html/notesonthyroidfunction.html
GLANDA TIROID
Tipuri celulare
1. celule foliculare (tireocite) 2. celule parafoliculare (celule C)
1. Celula folicular
celul cu polaritate distinct care:
sintetizeaz proteine secret proteine reabsoarbe proteine diger proteine
1. Celula folicular
MO:
- citoplasm bazofil subnuclear - nucleu cu nucleol evident n celula activ
1. Celula folicular
http://www.jonbarron.org/article/endocrine-system-thyroid-and-parathyroid-gland
1. Celula folicular
ME: - RER - CG - mitocondrii - microvili apicali - pseudopode - vezicule: - mici (TG) - mari (coloid endocitat) - lizozomi i fagolizozomi - complexe joncionale - receptori pentru TSH
1. Celula folicular
1 2 6
http://howmed.net/physiology/hormones-thyroid-gland/
Procesul de secreie:
faz exocrin faz endocrin
2. Celule parafoliculare
mai mari rare izolate / grup mai numeroase la copii localizare
2. Celule parafoliculare
MO: - citoplasm palid (celule clare) ME: - nu au polaritate distinct - RER i CG dezvoltate - mitocondrii - granule de secreie ( 100-400 nm) calcitonina (serotonin, somatostatin)
2. Celule parafoliculare
http://www.isto.ucl.ac.be/safe/endo4.htm
2. Celule parafoliculare
http://www.cytochemistry.net/endocrine_system/thyroid_and_parathyroid.htm
2. Celule parafoliculare
Calcitonina
GLANDELE PARATIROIDE
3x6 mm G= 400 mg
GLANDELE PARATIROIDE
http://www.deltagen.com/target/histologyatlas/atlas_files/endocrine/parathyroid_and_thyroid_glands_20x.htm
ORIGINEA EMBRIOLOGIC
Glanda paratiroida inferioara Glanda paratiroida superioara Timus Corp ultimobranhial Corp ultimobranhial
GLANDELE PARATIROIDE - organizare histologic capsul conjunctiv subire celule secretorii organizate n cordoane/ foliculi nconjurate de capilare sangvine tipuri celulare:
celule principale celule oxifile
GLANDELE PARATIROIDE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parathyroid_gland_high_mag.jpg
1. Celule principale
http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/PTH225.html
1. Celule principale
http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/saortho/chapter_59/59mast.htm
http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/saortho/chapter_59/59mast.htm
1. Celule principale
Parathormon
2. Celule oxifile
http://ajilbab.com/parathyroid/parathyroid-gland-histology-group-picture-image-by-tag.htm
2. Celule oxifile
CSR
Suprarenal dreapt
MSR
Suprarenala stng
GLANDA SUPRARENAL
GLANDA SUPRARENAL - Origine embriologic CSR origine mezodermic (epiteliul cavitii celomice) Hormoni steroizi MSR origine neuroectodermic (crestele neurale) Catecolamine
Cortex fetal
Cortex permanent
CORTICOSUPRARENAL - Organizare histologic celule secretorii organizate n 3 zone: glomerular fasciculat reticular capilare sangvine de tip sinusoid
zona fasciculat
zona reticular
http://www.udel.edu/biology/Wags/histopage/colorpage/cen/cen.htm
Zona fasciculat
Zona reticular
10-15%
Sistemul reninangiotensin
Mineralocorticoizi
http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?
75%
spongiocite
http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?
5-10%
Androgeni Glucocorticoizi
ACTH
http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?
CORTICOSUPRARENALA - Celule specializate pentru sinteza de hormoni sterolici Mitocondrii cu criste tubulare REN Incluziuni lipidice
Lipofuscin
MEDULOSUPRARENALA
paraganglion simpatic
8-10%
http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140
MEDULOSUPRARENALA - Organizarea histologic celule secretorii organizate n cuiburi sau cordoane ramificate capilare sangvine fenestrate i venule postcapilare
MEDULOSUPRARENALA
http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/adrenalglandhistology.html
Celule cromafine
mari, columnare / poligonale MO: - citoplasma bazofil, fin granular ME: - aparat de sintez bine dezvoltat - granule de secreii ( 150-350 nm) (la polul capilar) fiecare celul sinaps colinergic cu fibre simpatice preganglionare
MEDULOSUPRARENALA
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/histo_medulla.html
E NE
Sinteza catecolaminelor
Sinteza de proencefalin i procromogranin Conversia n encefalin Tirozin Tirozin Dopa Dopamin Norepinefrin Epinefrin
- Conversia n cromogranin
Exocitoz sub aciunea impulsului nervos
Junqueira LC, Carneiro J. Basic Histology, 12 th Edition
Sinteza catecolaminelor
Tirozin Tirozin
Cortizol
Dopa Dopamin
DopaminDopamin
-hidroxilaza
NE
PNMT
PNMT Feniletanolamin-N-metiltransferaza
http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.ro/2012/06/pineal-gland-crystal-transducer.html
reces pineal
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/316476/view
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/316478/view
GLANDA PINEAL (EPIFIZA) - inervaia glandei pineale numeroase fibre simpatice amielinice ganglionul cervical superior conexiuni nervoase directe prin fibre mielinice cu SNC ??? hipocamp
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/316478/view
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~anatomy/Histo/lab_6/endocrine/DMS166/popup.html
GLANDA PINEAL (EPIFIZA) (EPIFIZA - Pinealocite sunt neuroni modificai/ paraneuroni MO: - HE: citoplasm slab bazofil, nc. mare cu nucleol evident - imp.arg.: corp ramificat - incluziuni: - lipidice - glicogen - pigmentare - lipofuscin
http://www.isto.ucl.ac.be/safe/endo4.htm
Celule multipolare retiniene Tract hipotalamo-spinal Ganglion cervical superior Mduva spinrii Fibre simpatice preganglionare
Melatonina
hormonul ntunericului (hormonul somnului)
Melatonina
Ritm circadian (maxim noaptea) sincronizat cu ritmul endogen al nc.suprachiasmatic
Controleaz bioritmuri ale organismului
Rolurile melatoninei
1. Efect antioxidant 2. Regleaz bioritmurile circadiene/sezoniere 3. Coordoneaz activitatea sistemului endocrin 4. Actiuni metabolice 5. Stimuleaz sistemul imun