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Fabricarea Alcoolului Etilic Din Porumb
Fabricarea Alcoolului Etilic Din Porumb
'lmad in"ectat
45*-12*5`1*
germeniMml.
'lme)ile se controlea) ,i <n ceea ce pri+e,te numrul ,i starea "i)iologic a
dro7diilor.
'lmada de dro7die tre#uie s conin 45*-3**5`1*
c '
Rd D
+
R 1
5
@ '
c -#e
&
R '
&
c 1
&
Rd D
5
R 1
c -#e
&
@ '
&
1%1:1155 c (*5:5&&5 @ *:1%11155 R
1:=+B)11= D(C"r
Compo)iia dup lic/e"iere> G F1B#2#F7K aG )BF1)F7K !..G 2B5+:1 7
=. Rcire la ))AC
P
=
R *:1Lb 1
&
*:**1b 1*%:511% R 1B:=+)11= D(C"r
1
&
R 1
%
c '
%
Rd D
=
R 1
&
- '
%
1*%:511% @ 1:*%511% R 1:=)B&2)2D(C"r
F.Ea@ari,icare
P
F
R *:1L b 1
%
*:**1 b 1*%5:4252 R 1B:=)&2)2 D(C"r
1
%
R 1
(
c '
(
Rd D
F
R 1
%
- '
(
1*%5:4252 @ 1:*%54252 R 1:=&B##F5 D(C"r
Compo)iia amestecului dup )a/ari"icare este >
uR 1**b (%3:%45M1*%4:33(& G F:B5#2# 7 a'
aR 1**b :414(M1*%4:33(& aG :B)F1) 7 a$i*"n
s.u.R 1**b 2(:(2%%M1*%4:33(& !..G 2B5+:: 7 !..
)R 1**b 4:14%3M1*%4:33(& /G )BF1)= 7 /a@r
34
1:. Rcire la #:AC
P
1:
R *:1 L b 1
(
*:**1 b 1*%4:33(& R 1B:=&# D(C"r
1
(
R 1
1*
c '
1*
Rd D
1:
R 1
(
@ '
1*
1*%4:33(& @ 1:*%43 R 1:=#B2))& D(C"r
11. Kn!$0nare
P
11
R *:1 L b 1
1*
*:**1b 1*%3:2554 R 1B:=#2 D(C"r
1
1*
R 1
11
c '
11
Rd D
11
R 1
1*
@ '
11
1*%3:2554 @ 1:*%32 R 1:=2B1522 D(C"r
12. Rcire la 2:AC
P
12
R *:1 L b 1
11
*:**1b 1*%2:1&22 R 1B:=21 D(C"r
1
11
R 1
12
c '
12
Rd D
12
R 1
11
@ '
12
1*%2:1&22 @ 1:*%21 R 1:=1B:F:1 D(C"r
1#. Fer$entare
P
1#
R *:1 L b 1
12
*:**1b 1*%1:*(*1 R 1B:=1: D(C"r
1
12
R 1
13
c '
13
Rd D
,er$entare
R 1
12
@ '
13
1*%1:*(*1 @ 1:*%1* R 1:=:B::F1 D(C"r
C
+
>
12
O
+
L2 C>
#
C>
2
O> M 2 CO
2
1%* 4 44
0eacia de "ermentare decurge cu un randament de (* L 4f R (* L5. -st"el c din 3:%(11
PgMor )a/r (* L trece <n alcool.
(*M1** b 3:%(11 R )5B):1F D( /a@r ,er$entat la alc""lC"r
3:%(11 @ 5&:5*1( R +B#=F2 D( /a@r r$a! nereaci"natC"r
1%* Pg )a/r....................2 b 4 Pg alcool.................2 b 44 Pg CI
2
5&:5*1( Pg )a/r...................? Pg alcool........................g Pg CI
2
N R 5&:5*1( b (2M1%* 2FB#=F= D( alc""lC"r
O R 5&:5*1( b %%M1%* 2=B112: D( CO
2
C"r
1in amestecul intrat la "ermentare se +a elimina CI
2
deci *' ,er$entare cantitatea *e
a$e!tec +a "i > D
1#
R1*%*:**(1 @ 2%:112* R 1:)1B=F51 D(C"r
Compo)iia dup "ermentare +a "i >
1*51:%(&1 PgMor.......................................(&(:(1&* Pg uMor
1** Pg Mor.................................................. 7
1*51:%(&1 PgMor........................................:3%%2 Pg aMor
1** PgMor................................................... a 7
1*51:%(&1 PgMor........................................2(:%*%2 Pg s.u.Mor
1** PgMor..................................................!.. 7
1*51:%(&1 PgMor........................................:3%(2 Pg )Mor
1** PgMor.................................................../ 7
1*51:%(&1 PgMor........................................2(:3%(% Pg alcoolMor
35
1** PgMor.................................................... alc""l 7
u L R 1** b (&(:(1&*M1*51:%(&1 7 G F#B1)51 7
a L R 1** b :3%%2M1*51:%(&1 a 7 G :B+:5# 7 H
s.u. L R 1** b 2(:%*%2M1*51:%(&1 !.. 7 G 2B=##5 7
alcool L R 1** b 2(:3%(%M1*51:%(&1 alc. 7 G 2B5F#F 7
)a/r L R 1** b :3%(2M1*51:%(&1 / 7 G :B+:5# 7
-1in "ermentare re)ult 2%:112* PgMor CI
2
care <n condiii normale 4c.n.5 ocup un +olum
A
c.n.
R 2%:112* PgM44 Pg b Pmol
-1
b 22:42 m
3
b Pmol
-1
6
c.n.
G 1&B#2&# $
#
G 1&B# L
-3a 2*ZC si p R 1** atm +olumul de CI
2
+a "i calculat din relaia >
p
*
b A
*
M.
*
R p b AM. Rd A R p
*
b A
*
b .M.
*
b p 14324:3 b 42&3:15 c 2*5M2&3:15 b 1** 6G
1)#B5#12 l 4 2*ZC si 1** atm5
Se consider c CI
2
la 2*ZC ,i 1** atm se <m#utelia) <n recipiente cu +olume de 5* l.
Numrul de recipiente de CI
2
o#inute pe or +a "i >
Nr. Reci'iente R 153:&312M1** R 1B)#5# -telii CO
2
ali$entar C"r
1&. Di!tilare
P
1&
R *:1 L b 1
13
*:**1 b 1*51:%(&1 R 1B:)1= D(C"r
D
*i!tilare
R 1
13
@ '
14
1*51:%(&1 @ 1:*51% R 1:):B=&)# D(C"r
1up etapa de distilare <n amestec +a ram=ne doar alcool si ap: restul elementelor 4amidon:
s.u.: ap: )a/r5 trec=nd <n #or/ot. -cesta conine (* L ap si 1* L amidon c )a/r c s.u.
1** Pg amestec +a conine la intrarea 9n eta'a *e *i!tilare >
(3:15&1 Pg apK *:*&3 Pg amidonK *:*&3 Pg )a/arK 2:%33& Pg s.u.K 2:&(3( Pg alcool.
1*5*:%453 Pg .......? Pg u........g Pg a........6 Pg ).............! Pg s.u..........N Pg alcool
N R 1*5*:%453b(3:15&1M1** R F5=BF#5: D(
O R 1*5*:%453 b *:*&3M1** R +B#=15 D( a
E R +B#=15 D( /
M R 1*5*:%453 b 2:%33&M1** R 2FB555= D( !..
N R 1*5*:%453 b 2:&(3(M1** R 2FB#)F) D( alc""l
Bn #or/ot +or trece> :3%1& Pg amidonK :3%1& Pg )a/rK 2(:&&&% Pg s.u.
T"tall c"$'"nentel"r *in -"r@"t > :3%1& c :3%1& c 2(:&&&% R &2B)&12 D(C"r
1** Pg #or/ot .................1* Pg componente......................(* Pg ap
g Pg #or/ot......................42:5412 Pg componente..............? Pg ap
O R 42:5412 b 1**M1* R &2)B&12 D( -"r@"t
N R 42:5412 b (*M1* R #=2B=5:= D( a'
3
425:412 Pg #or/ot +a conine> #=2B=5:= D( .B +B#=15 D( /a@r: +B#=15 D( a$i*"nB
2FB555= D( !..
1** Pg #or/ot.................u L...................) L.........................a L......................s.u. L
u L R 1** b 3%2:%&*%M425:412 7 G F: 7
) L R 1** b :3%1&M425:412 / 7 G 1B)::1 7
a L R 1** b :3%1&M425:412 a 7 G 1B)::1 7
s.u.L R 1** b 2(:&&&%M425:412 !.. 7 G +BFFF5 7
Bn alcoolul o#tinut *' *i!tilare +a ram=ne >
(&%:(3&* @ 3%2:%&*% R )F+B:++2 D( a' ,i 2FB#)F) D( alc""l
Cantitatea t"tal *e a$e!tec o#inut *' *i!tilare este de >
5(:*2 c 2(:35(5 R +2)B&2)5 D( C"r
25:425& Pg amestec.........5(:*2 Pg u...............2(:35(5 Pg alcool
1** Pg amestec.................u L................................ alc. L
u L R 1** b 5(:*2M25:425& 7 G F)B#:)+ 7
alc L R 1** b 2(:35(5 M 25:425& alc 7 G &B+F&# 7
De-itele re/ltate <n etapa de distilare sunt > D
1&
G +2)B&2)5 D(C"r
D
-"r@"t
G &2)B&12 D(C"r
1). Ra,inare
P
1)
R *:1L b 1
14
*:**1 b 25:425& R :B+2)& D(C"r
D
ra,inare
R 1
14
@ '
15
25:425& @ *:254 R +2&B=::# D(C"r
1** Pg soluie alcool prelucrat............(5:3*5 Pg u........................4:4(3 Pg alcool
24:%**3 Pg soluie alcool ...................... $ Pg u...................................T Pg alcool
? R 24:%**3 b (5:3*5M1** 3 G )F)B&+F+ D( a'C"r
g R 24:%**3 b 4:(43M1** P G 2FB##:: D( alc""lC"r
1** PgMora alcool ra"inat.................4 Pg apMor...........................( Pg alcoolMor
$ PgMor alcool ra"inat.....................T Pg apMor...........................2(:33** Pg alcoolMor
T R 2(:33** b 4M( P G 1B222: D( a'C"r
$ R 2(:33** b 1**M( 3 G #:B))2: D( alc""l ra,inatC"r
D
1)
R #:B))2: D( alc""l ra,inatC"r
D
re/i*al
R 5(5:4(@ 1:222* D
re/i*al
G )F&B2&5+ D( a'C"r
1+. K$-teliere
P
1+
R *:1 L b 1
15
*:**1 b 3*:552* R :B:#:) D(C"r
3&
1
15
R 1
1
c '
1
Rd D
1+
R 1
15
@ '
1
3*:552* @ *:*3*5 R #:B)21) D(C"r
15. De'"/itare
P
15
R *:1 L b 1
1
*:**1 b 3*:5215 R :B:#:) D(C"r
1
1
R 1
1&
c '
1&
Rd D
15
R 1
1
@ '
1&
3*:5215 @ *:*3*5 R #:B&F1 D(C"r
Numrul de sticle de *:5 l <m#uteliate este > 3*:4(1M*:5 R *:(%2 sticleMor
Conclu)ii> din 1%:11 Pg porum# se o#ine 3*:55 Pg alcool ra"inat. -st"el din 1*** Pg de
porum# se o#ine 14:15 Pg alcool ra"inat.
&.#. Bilanl ter$ic
1ate "olosite <n calcule > Cp R 4 PFMPg b hK Cp a R 5 PFMPg b hK Cp !.. R 3 PFMPghK Cp / G
2 PFMPghK Cp alc. R 2:5 PFMPgh
&.#.1 Bilanl ter$ic 'entr ,a/a *e ,li*i/are
-#e
&
R (*5:5&&5 PgMorK
1
R 1%1:1155 PgMorK
1
&
R 1*%:511% PgMorK
/
-#
R 42* PFMPg b hK
'
&
R *:1%11155 PgMor
u
R 12:&551 L K
a
R 5(:&%(& LK
s.u.
R 2&:&551 LK
u
&
R (1:323( LK
a
&
R 5:(15( LK
s.u.
&
R 2:&*1 L
ii R ie
ii R i
1
ci
-#e&
K ie R i
1&
ci
'&
C'
+
R4b12:&551M1**c5b5(:4%(&M1**c3b2&:&551M1**R*:51*2c2:(&44c*:%32R&B#152 DQC"r
C'
5
R4b(1:323(M1**c5b5:(15(M1**c3b2:&*1M1**R3:52(c*:2(5&c*:*%2%R&B:#1& DQC"r
R
D+
R 1
b Cp