Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
N UNIUNEA EUROPEAN
IUSTINIAN ZEGREANU, DANA COSTIN
Rezumat
Principalele scopuri ale politicilor de sntate sunt realizarea unui nivel
ridicat de sntate cu realizarea distribuirii echitabil a serviciilor de asisten
medical. n Uniunea European exist o mare diversitate de modele de sisteme
sanitare, fiecare cu modul su particular de organizare i finanare. Ceea ce face
dificil s se urmeze un anumit model, adic un sistem sanitar unitar.
Asigurrile de sntate obligatorii precum i asigurrile voluntare sunt administrate
de Case de Asigurri de Sntate, organisme autonome ce colecteaz contribuiile n
funcie de venituri, pentru a le redistribuii sub form de beneficii n momentul
utilizrii serviciilor medicale, ori de rambursare a cheltuielilor angajate.
n concluzie, n aproape toate rile membre ale UE exist o insatisfacie legat de
modalitile de finanare i de furnizare a serviciilor medicale. Principalele
probleme comune care ocup diverse locuri n ordinea preocuprilor naionale - le
reprezint carenele lor n materie de echitate i egalitate la accesul la serviciile
medicale, de control asupra cheltuielilor, de utilizare eficient a resurselor i de
control al calitii serviciilor medicale. Asupra planului de stabilitate social,
prioritatea const n garantarea ngrijirilor medicale pentru persoanele n vrst, mai
bine adaptate la nevoile lor, preferat fiind crearea unui echilibru ntre ngrijirile la
domiciliu, ngrijirile comunitare i serviciile spitaliceti. Ingrijirile preventive
constituind o potenial alternativ economic a ngrijirilor medicale bazate pe
tehnologii costisitoare.
La ora actual se pune accent mai mult pe reorientarea sistemelor de sntate ctre
obiective msurabile att n ceea ce privete calitatea ngrijirilor medicale ct i n
ceea ce privete satisfactia utilizatorilor.
Abstract
This article is a theoretical analysis regarding different financing
mechanisms of European health systems. The purpose of the article is to draw
conclusions upon the advantages and disadvantages of these mechanisms, as well as
to provide an answer to the question of whether a supplementary insurance would be
a valid choice for Romania and whether it would reduce the informal copayment.
The EU supplementary insurance market (which would cover the copayments) is not
very well developed, with the exception of France. In spite of this, a large part of the
population benefits from these insurances in covering ambulatory costs, in countries
such as Austria, Belgium, France, Ireland, Spain, etc.
The main purposes of medical policies are the achievement of a high level of health
and the accomplishment of an equitable distribution of health assistance services.
Within the European Union there is great diversity in terms of health system models,
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each with its particular organization and financing pattern. This makes it difficult to
reach consensus on a single model, i.e. a unitary health system.
In almost all the EU member states, there is general dissatisfaction with the means of
financing and furnishing medical services. The main common problems - which are
placed on different scales with regard to national priorities, are represented by
deficiencies in terms of equity and equality of access to medical services, control
over the expenses in sanitary systems, effective use of resources and ensuring quality
medical services. When it comes to the social stability plan, the priority consists of
guaranteeing medical care to the elderly - better suited to their needs, with preference
for the creation of a balance between home assistance, community care and hospital
services. Preventive care constitutes a potential and economical alternative to the
medical care that relies on costly technologies.
At present, the emphasis is more on the reorientation of health systems towards
quantifiable objectives, in terms of both the quality of medical care and the
satisfaction of its beneficiaries.
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AUSTRIA
37
38
BELGIA
39
FRANA
40
41
5.
GRECIA
42
ITALIA
43
7.
44
OLANDA
8.
ROMNIA
45
Principalele cauze de deces sunt bolile
cardiovasculare, cancerul cu o medie crescut peste
media UE
46
9. SPANIA
47
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BIBLIOGRAFIE
Au fost studiate documente oficiale emise de catre
Guvernul Romaniei, Ministerul Sntii i CNAS
ntre anii 2001 - 2008.
Sursa datelor a fost reprezentat de baza de date a
O.M.S (Health for All), a OECD, a I.N.S. i Ministerul
Sntii,.
n continuare sunt indicate principalele documente
studiate, n afara celor menionate anterior
1.
Carl-Ardy Dubois, Martin McKee - Human
resources for health in Europe, Editura Ellen Nolte,
The European Observatory on Health Systems and
Policies, WHO, 2006
2.
Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health
System for the 21st Century, Committee on Quality of
Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine, 2001
3.
Draft report on Pricing and Reimbursement
of Pharmaceuticals in Romania, April 18- 21; 2008 ,
WHO
4.
Elias Mossialos, Monique Mrazek and Tom
Walley - Regulating pharmaceuticals in Europe:
striving for efficiency, equity and quality, The
European Observatory on Health Systems and
Policies, WHO, 2004
5.
Global Corruption Report 2006: Corruption
in Health, Transparency International
6.
Health Policy Section of the Action Plan for
Implementing Romanias Medium Term Economic
Strategy, 2000-2004, June 2000 version, approved by
Government Decision 456/2000
7.
Josep Figueras, Martin McKee, Jennifer Cain
and Suszy Lessof - Health systems in transition:
learning from experience, European Observatory on
Health Systems and Policies, WHO, 2004
8.
Martin McKee and Judith Healy - Hospitals
in a changing Europe, The European Observatory on
Health Systems and Policies, WHO, 2002
9.
Raport privind plile informale n sector
sanitar din Romania, prezentat de LEGICON si CURS
49