Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT DIN MOLDOVA
Cu titlu de manuscris
C.Z.U: 343.6 (043.3)
EANU Adriana
INFRACIUNI LEGATE DE
PRELEVAREA ORGANELOR SAU ESUTURILOR UMANE N
REGLEMENTAREA LEGISLAIEI PENALE CONTEMPORANE
AUTOREFERAT
al tezei de doctor n drept
CHIINU, 2009
STATI Vitalie
BRNZ Sergiu
EANU Adriana
EANU Adriana, 2009
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urmri vdit mai grave dect cele ce s-ar fi produs n cazul neefecturii
transplantului; in concreto, viaa recipientului este salvat ca efect al
prejudicierii sntii donatorului. Deoarece cauza care nltur caracterul
penal al faptei, anume n contextul indicat supra, nu se afl n coroborare cu
prevederile art.19 alin.(1) al Conveniei pentru protecia drepturilor omului i
a demnitii fiinei umane cu privire la aplicarea biologiei i medicinei, se
impune invocarea unei clauze de excepie.
11. Cu toate particularitile fiecrei componene de infraciune amintite
mai sus, nu putem afirma c dispunem de o reglementare multilateral sub
aspect de incriminare, care ar acoperi n totalitate ntregul spectru de conduite
ilegale incidente actului de prelevare a organelor sau esuturilor umane,
susceptibil de a corela descoperirile tiinifice cu sistemul de valori
socioumane.
Lund n calcul concluziile la care s-a ajuns, n scopul perfecionrii legii
penale, autorul nainteaz urmtoarele recomandri:
1. n lipsa unei posibiliti de ncadrare juridic a faptelor de omor
intenionat, vtmare intenionat grav a integritii corporale sau a sntii,
constrngere a persoanei la prelevarea organelor sau esuturilor, trafic de fiine
umane sau trafic de copii cu scopul prelevrii celulelor, de lege ferenda este
oportun de a lrgi spectrul materialelor biologice, n sensul includerii n el a
celulelor umane, avnd ca argument nu doar intenia explicit a legiuitorului
de a reglementa prin Legea nr.42-XVI/2008 i aceste elemente corporale, dar
i pericolul social identic al scopului rvnit de fptuitor celui de prelevare de
organe i esuturi umane.
2. Pentru ca scopul de prelevare a elementelor biologice de origine
uman s fie luat n consideraie la individualizarea pedepsei, este oportun de
a insera n modul corespunztor n cadrul legal al individualizrii judiciare a
pedepsei, la categoria circumstanelor agravante, svrirea infraciunii cu
scopul prelevrii organelor, esuturilor i celulelor umane. Astfel, se propune
urmtorul coninut al art.77 alin.(1) lit.h) CP RM: svrirea infraciunii cu
scopul prelevrii organelor, esuturilor sau celulelor victimei, precum i prin
acte de o deosebit cruzime sau prin batjocorirea victimei.
3. Lund n consideraie carenele infraciunii de constrngere a persoanei
la prelevarea organelor sau esuturilor, se propune urmtoarea redacie a
art.158 CP RM:
Articolul 158. Constrngerea la consimirea prelevrii organelor,
esuturilor sau celulelor umane
(1) Constrngerea la consimirea prelevrii organelor, esuturilor sau
celulelor umane, svrit prin violen fa de potenialul donator sau fa de
19
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SUMMARY
For the PhD paper: Crimes related to harvesting of human
organs or tissues in the contemporary criminal law settlements,
carried out by Eanu Adriana
This doctoral dissertation is an authentically manuscript for the
specialty 12.00.08 Criminal Law (criminal law), State University of
Moldova Law Faculty, Chisinau, 2009
This paper is focused on extensive scientific investigation, in the terms of
substantive criminal law, of crimes related to harvesting of human organs or tissues
from the perspective of contemporary criminal law.
Theoretical concepts from national and foreign literature were used in the
elaboration of this paper as well as data provided by the jurisprudence, which being in
conjunction with normative support, have contributed to the formation and exposure
of authors point of view regarding the legal substance of the investigated acts, based
on the logic argumentation.
Chapter I of the thesis is focused on determination of the status of human
body and biological elements of human origin, as well as on determining the factors
that have conditioned the appearance of harmful acts in biomedical field and the
grounds of their incrimination. Also, have been analyzed in detail the
recommendations and regulations of domestic and international laws, identifying in
this sense, the legal conditions for harvesting act of human organs or tissues ex vivo
and post mortem, as well as those related to the transplantation act.
Chapter II contains a criminal and a legal analysis de lege lata of the
constituent elements of the crimes related to the harvesting of human organs or tissues
according to criminal law of the Republic of Moldova: art.145 par.(2) point n),
art.151 par.(2) point l), art.158, art.165, art.206 par.(1) and par.(2) point f) of Criminal
Code of Republic of Moldova, that specify the particularities of the purpose of the
harmful conduct, which appears as a mandatory sign of the subjective side or as a
characteristic element of the aggravating circumstance.
Chapter III represents a comparative research (horizontal) regarding the
responsibility for crimes related to the harvesting of human organs or tissues in the
legislation of different states, highlighting in this sense, both the relationship between
different systems of law, as well as the relationship between Moldova criminal law
and criminal laws of other states. This research contributes to identification of the
legal gaps and to elaboration of efficient solutions in order to improve the national
legal framework, taking as a starting point the foreign models of incrimination related
to specific activities covered by this paper.
Keywords: harvesting, donor, recipient, organs, human tissues, transplant,
medical biotechnology, constraint, human trafficking, trafficking in children, the
selling of victims organs or tissues, the use of victims organs or tissues.
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EANU Adriana
INFRACIUNI LEGATE DE
PRELEVAREA ORGANELOR SAU ESUTURILOR UMANE N
REGLEMENTAREA LEGISLAIEI PENALE CONTEMPORANE
Specialitatea: 12.00.08 Drept penal (drept penal)
AUTOREFERAT
al tezei de doctor n drept
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