Documente Academic
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Documente Cultură
PROIECT DE AN
LA DISCIPLINA
ACȚIONARI ELECTRICE
Coordonator de proiect:
sef lucrari dr. ing. Szabo Csaba
An universitar
2019-2020
Modulul 1.
R a = 0.188 [Ω]
M 0 = 10.29 [Nm]
M 1 := 0 0
0
M 0 10.29
M := = [Nm]
M
emN 238.29
1.5 MemN 357.436
UaN R a M
0
Ω1 := - = 317.26 [rad/sec]
CN 2
CN
UaN R a M
1
Ω2 := - = 316.719 [rad/sec]
CN 2
CN
UaN R a M
2
Ω3 := - = 304.734 [rad/sec]
CN 2
CN
UaN R a M
3
Ω4 := - = 298.472 [rad/sec]
CN 2
CN
Ω
1
317.26
Ω2 316.719
ΩM := = [rad/sec]
Ω3 304.734
298.472
Ω
4
Tabel 1:
M [Nm] M=0 M=M0 M=MemN M= 1.5 MemN
300
200
ΩM
100
0
0 100 200 300 400
M
Cerinte:
C N = 1.891 [Vs]
R a = 0.188 [Ω]
U
aN 600
0.75 UaN 450
Unm := = [V]
0.5 UaN 300
0.25 U 150
aN
300
200
ΩM2
100
0
0 100 200 300 400
M
R a = 0.188 [Ω]
C N = 1.891 [Vs]
UaN = 600 [V]
CN 1.891
0.85 CN 1.608
C := = [Vs]
0.7 CN 1.324
C 1.572
F
UaN Ra M
1 UaN Ra M
1 UaN R a M
1 UaN Ra M 1
- - - -
C0 2 C 2 C 2 C 2
( C 0) 1 ( C 1) 2 (C2) 3 ( 3)
C
ΩM3 :=
UaN Ra M
2 UaN Ra M
2 UaN R a M
2 UaN Ra M 2
- - - -
C0 2 C 2 C 2 C 2
( C 0) 1 ( C 1) 2 (C2) 3 ( 3)
C
UaN Ra M
3 UaN Ra M
3 UaN R a M
3 UaN Ra M 3
- - - -
C0 2 C 2 C 2 C 2
( C 0) 1 ( C 1) 2 (C2) 3 ( 3)
C
500
400
ΩM3
300
Cerinte:
R a = 0.188 [Ω]
UaN = 600 [V]
C N = 1.891 [Vs]
Ra 0.188
Rt := 1.5 Ra = 0.282
[Ω]
2 R
a 0.376
UaN Rt M Rt M Rt M
0 0 UaN 1 0 UaN 2 0
- - -
CN CN
2 CN
CN
2 CN
CN
2
U Rt M UaN Rt M UaN Rt2 M 1
aN -
0 1
-
1 1
-
CN CN
2 CN
CN
2 CN
CN
2
ΩM4 :=
UaN Rt M
0 2 UaN Rt M
1 2 UaN Rt
2 2
M
- - -
CN CN
2 CN
CN
2 CN
CN
2
UaN Rt M
0 3 UaN Rt M
1 3 UaN Rt2 M 3
- - -
CN CN
2 CN
CN
2 CN
CN
2
320
300
ΩM4
280
260
400
300
ΩM4 200
100
0
0 100 200 300 400
M
R a = 0.188 [Ω]
C N = 1.891 [Vs]
0
0
M0 10.29
M := = [Nm]
0.75 M emN
178.718
MemN 238.29
Ua Ra
- M
2 0
CN CN
Ua Ra
C - M 63.452
2 1
N CN 62.911
Ω := = [rad/sec]
Ua Ra
54.058
CN
- M
50.927
2 2
CN
U Ra
a - M
CN 2 3
CN
0.2UaN
Ω0 := = 63.452 [rad/sec]
CN
Ua = 0.2UaN R tot = Ra kΨ = C N
Ω0
60
Ω 40
Ωr
20
Ua = 120 [V]
C N = 1.891
Ua
Ω0 := = 63.5 [rad/sec]
CN
Căderea de viteza unghiulară datorată cuplului rezistent Mr:
R a = 0.188 [Ω]
M r = 178.72 [Nm]
Ra
ΔΩ := M r = 9.39 [rad/sec]
2
CN
Ωr := Ω0 - ΔΩ = 54.06 [rad/sec]
1.5.2. Reprezentarea evoluției în timp a vitezei unghiulare a motorului pe durata pornirii
Ωi := 0
Ω
0
0.2 T r
em 0
Ωr
0.4 Tem
0 0 Ωr
0.7 Tem 1 3.785·10-3 Ω
T 2 7.569·10-3 r
em Ωr
3 0.013
t := 1.5 Tem 4 0.019 Ωr := Ωr [rad/sec]
t= [s]
2 Tem 5 0.028 Ω
2.5T r
6 0.038
em Ωr
3 Tem
7 0.047
8 0.057 Ωr
4 Tem 9 0.076
Ω
5 T r
10 0.095 Ωr
em
-t
Tem
Ω( t ) := ( Ω0 - Ωi - ΔΩ) 1 - e
+Ω [rad/sec]
i
0
0 0
1 9.799
2 17.822
3 27.214
4 34.171
Ω( t ) = [rad/sec]
5 41.996
6 46.742
7 49.621
8 51.367
9 53.068
10 53.694
t [s] 0 0.2TemN 0.4TemN 0.7TemN TemN 1.5TemN
Ω [rad/sec] 0 9.79 17.82 27.21 34.17 41.99
t [s] 2TemN 2.5TemN 3TemN 4TemN 5TemN -
Ω [rad/sec] 46.74 49.62 51.36 53.06 53.69 -
60
40
Ω [rad/s]
Ω( t)
Ωr
20
0 0.05 0.1
t
t [s]
Mr
Ir = [A]
kΨ
Mr
Ir := = 94.5 [A]
CN
Ua - kΨ Ωi
Ii := = 638.298 [A]
Rtot
0
0 638.298
1 539.724
2 459.019
3 364.542
4 294.552 [A]
ia( t) =
5 215.838
6 168.095
7 139.138
8 121.574
9 104.46
10 98.164
Ir = 94.5 [A]
Ii = 638.3 [A]
Ir
Ir
Ir
I
r
Ir
Ir( t) := Ir [A]
I
r
Ir
Ir
I
r
Ir
Ii
600
ia( t)
i.a [A]
400
Ir( t)
200
0 0.05 0.1
t
t [s]
-
t
Tem
( )
M ( t) := M i - M r e + Mr [Nm]
0
0 1.207·103
1 1.021·103
2 868.093
3 689.42
4 557.055 [Nm]
M ( t) =
5 408.191
6 317.9
7 263.136
8 229.92
9 197.554
10 185.647
M j := M ( t ) - M r( t) [Nm]
0
0 1.028·103
1 842.005
2 689.375
3 510.702
4 378.337 [Nm]
Mj =
5 229.473
6 139.182
7 84.418
8 51.202
9 18.836
10 6.929
3
1 10
M ( t)
M [Nm] M r( t)
Mj 500
0 0.05 0.1
t
t [s]
Ua Ra
Ω= - M [rad/s] (1.6.1)
CN 2
CN
2
Ua C N CN
M= - Ω [Nm] (1.6.2)
Ra Ra
Ua CN - 3 Ra M 0
Ωr = ΩN [rad/s] (1.6.5)
2
(MemN - 3 M0) Ra + CN ΩN
2. Se calculeaza cuplul rezistent Mr in punctul de functionare inlocuind Ωr calculat cu
(1.6.5) in expresia (1.6.4), astfel rezulta:
Ωr
(
M r = 3 M 0 + M emN - 3 M 0 )
ΩN
[Nm] (1.6.6)
Ωr := ΩN = 304.734 [rad/s]
C N = 1.891 [Vs]
UaN = 600 [V]
M 0 = 10.29 [Nm]
R a = 0.188 [Ω]
M emN = 238.29 [Nm]
ΩN = 304.734 [rad/s]
b) Motorul functioneaza pe caracteristica definita prin Ra,CN respectiv Ua=0.4UaN:
0.4UaN CN - 3 Ra M 0
Ωr1 := ΩN = 120.954 [rad/s]
2
(MemN - 3 M0) Ra + CN ΩN
Ωr1
(
M r1 := 3 M 0 + M emN - 3 M 0
ΩN
)
= 113.199 [Nm]
0.6UaN CN - 3 Ra M 0
Ωr2 := ΩN = 182.214 [rad/s]
2
(MemN - 3 M0) Ra + CN ΩN
Ωr2
(
M r2 := 3 M 0 + M emN - 3 M 0
ΩN
)
= 154.896 [Nm]
0.8UaN CN - 3 Ra M 0
Ωr3 := ΩN = 243.474 [rad/s]
2
(MemN - 3 M0) Ra + CN ΩN
Ωr3
(
M r3 := 3 M 0 + M emN - 3 M 0
ΩN
)
= 196.593 [Nm]
UaN Ra
Ω2 := - M emN = 304.734 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
UaN Ra
Ω3 := - 1.5M emN = 298.472 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
Ω1 317.26 0 0
Ωcn := Ω2 = 304.734
[rad/s] M cn := M emN = 238.29 [Nm]
Ω 1.5 M
3 298.472 emN 357.436
0.4UaN Ra
Ω5 := - M r1 = 120.954 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
0.4UaN Ra
Ω6 := - 1.5M emN = 108.116 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
0.6UaN Ra
Ω7 := - 0 = 190.356 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
0.6UaN Ra
Ω8 := - M r2 = 182.214 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
0.6UaN Ra
Ω9 := - 1.5M emN = 171.568 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
0.8UaN Ra
Ω11 := - M r3 = 243.474 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
0.8UaN Ra
Ω12 := - 1.5M emN = 235.02 [rad/s]
CN 2
CN
3 M0
0
Ω 0 30.871
r1 120.954 Mr1 113.199
Ωs := Ωr2 = 182.214 [rad/s] M s := M r2 = 154.896 [Nm]
243.474 M 196.593
Ωr3 r3
Ω 304.734 MemN 238.29
N
Ω4 Ω7 Ω10 0 0 0
Ωa := Ω5 Ω8 Ω11 [rad/s] M a := M r1 M r2 M r3
[Nm]
Ω Ω Ω 1.5 M
6 9 12 emN 1.5 M emN 1.5 M emN
400
300
Ωs
Ωcn
200
Ωa
100
0
0 100 200 300 400
M s , M cn , M a
MODULUL II
MOTORULASINCRON
Turația de sincronism:
n 0N := 3000 [rpm]
Turația nominală:
n N := 2930 [rpm]
Randamentul nominal:
ηN := 0.88
Factorul de putere:
cosϕ := 0.89
λ N := 3
Momentul de inerție:
J := 0.019 [kgm2]
Mărimi calculate
π n N
ωN := = 306.83 [rad/s]
30
3) Alunecarea nominală:
n 0N - n N
sN := = 0.023
n 0N
ω0N - ωN
sN := = 0.023
ω0N
4) Puterea absorbită:
3
ParbN 10 3
Pabs := = 8.52 10 [W]
ηN
R s i sN = ( 0.01...0.1 )UsN
6) Puterea electromagnetică:
2
Pem := Pabs - 3 R s i sN = 7856.19 [W]
Verificare:
a) Cuplul de mers în gol m0 sa fie strict pozitiv si sa se incadreze in intervalul:
0.02memN = 0.5
Daca conditia nu se verifica, se reiau calculele de la punctul 5, alegand o alta valoare pentru
rezistenta Rs, daca pentru nicio valoare a caderii de tensiune in domeniul (0.01...0.1) * UsN
nu se indeplineste conditia, in caz extrem se poate alege o valoare pentru URs in afara
domeniului stabilit.
10) Cuplul critic nominal:
2
2
skN := sN λ N + λ N - 1 = 0.136
II.2. Ridicarea caracteristicilor maşinii asincrone
Consideratii teoretice
Expresia generala a caracteristicii mecanice a motorului asincron (Formula lui Kloss
simplificata):
unde avem:
-alunecarea absoluta:
Δω = ω0 + ω
unde: mkN este cuplul critic nominal iar skN reprezinta alunecarea critica nominala naturala.
Valorile cuplului pe caracteristica se vor calcula pentru valori ale alunecarii s care ia valori in
intervalul s=0.00001...1).
s := 0.00001 , 0.00015 .. 1
2 mkN
m( s) := [Nm]
s skN
+
skN s
72
64
56
m( s)
48
m [Nm]
memN
40
mkN 32
24
16
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
s , sN , skN
s
A.2. Se va ridica caracteristica naturala in viteza unghiulara ω= f (m) cu ajutorul relatiei
2 mk
m= [Nm]
Δω Δωk
+
Δωk Δω
unde avem:
alunecarea absoluta:
Δω = ω0N - ω
(
ωkN := ω0N 1 - skN ) [rad/s]
315
280
ω 245
ωkN 210
ω[rad/s]
175
ωN
140
ω0N
105
70
35
0
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
m( ω) , mkN , memN , 0
m [Nm]
Us1=UsN(Caracteristica naturala)
Us2=0.8*UsN
[V]
Us3=0.6*UsN
Us4=0.4*UsN
Frecventa de alimentare este egala cu cea nominala: fs=fsN=50 Hz, ca atare viteza de
sincronism este de asemenea egala cu viteza nominala de sincronism : ω0=ω0N
UsN = 230 [V]
Us1 := UsN = 230 [V]
Us2 := 0.8UsN = 184 [V]
Us3 := 0.6UsN = 138 [V]
Us4 := 0.4UsN = 92 [V]
s := 0.00001 , 0.00005 .. 1
2
Us1
mk1 := mkN = 72 [Nm]
UsN
2
Us2
mk2 := mkN = 46.08 [Nm]
UsN
2
Us3
mk3 := mkN = 25.92 [Nm]
UsN
2
Us4
mk4 := mkN = 11.52 [Nm]
UsN
2 mk1
m1 ( s) := [Nm]
s skN
+
skN s
2 mk2
m2 ( s) := [Nm]
s skN
+
skN s
2 mk3
m3 ( s) := [Nm]
s skN
+
skN s
2 mk4
m4 ( s) := [Nm]
s skN
+
skN s
m1( s)
72
m2( s)
64
m3( s)
56
m4( s)
48
memN
m [Nm]
40
mkN
32
mk2
24
mk3
16
mk4
8
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
s , s , s , s , s N , s kN , skN , s kN , skN
s
B.2) Se vor ridica caracteristicile in viteza unghiulara ω=f(m) utilizand relatia:
2 mk
m= [Nm]
Δω Δωk
+
Δωk Δω
Δωk = ω0 - ωk
s := 0.00001 , 0.00005 .. 1
ω := 0.001 , 0.01 .. ω0N
Δ( ω) := ω0N - ω
ΔωkN := ω0N - ω0N 1 - skN ( )
2 mk1
m1 ( ω) := [Nm]
Δ( ω) ΔωkN
+
ΔωkN Δ( ω)
2 mk2
m2 ( ω) := [Nm]
Δ( ω) ΔωkN
+
ΔωkN Δ( ω)
2 mk3
m3 ( ω) := [Nm]
Δ( ω) ΔωkN
+
ΔωkN Δ( ω)
2 mk4
m4 ( ω) := [Nm]
Δ( ω) ΔωkN
+
ΔωkN Δ( ω)
ω 297
ω
264
ω
ω 231
ωN 198
ω [rad/s]
ωkN 165
ωkN 132
99
ωkN
66
ωkN
33
0
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
m1( ω) , m2( ω) , m3( ω) , m4( ω) , memN , mkN , mk2 , mk3 , mk4
m [Nm]
C) Caracteristicile mecanice artificiale la frecventa variabia a motorului asincron
Consideratii teoretice:
Viteza de sincronism ω0 se modifica direct proportional cu
frecventa tensiunii de alimentare:
2 π fs
ω0 = [rad/s]
zp
unde fsN=50 Hz si skN sunt frecventa statorica respectiv alunecarea nominala (pe caracteristica
naturala ) iar fs respectiv sk sunt frecventa respectiv alunecarea critica pe o caracteristica
artificiala. Alunecarea critica sk va fi diferita pentru fiecare caracteristica.
Cuplul critic se modifica invers proportional cu patratul frecventei:
2
fsN
mk = mkN [Nm]
fs
fs1 := 30 [Hz]
fs2 := 40 [Hz]
fs3 := 50 [Hz]
fs4 := 60 [Hz]
fsN := 50 [Hz]
Se vor calcula pentru fiecare caracteristica valorile alunecarile critice sk respectiv cuplurile
critice mk conform relatiilor urmatoare:
2
fsN skN fsN
sk = mk = mkN [Nm]
fs
fs
fsN skN
sk1 := = 0.227
fs1
fsN skN
sk2 := = 0.17
fs2
fsN skN
sk3 := = 0.136
fs3
fsN skN
sk4 := = 0.113
fs4
2
fsN
mkf1 := mkN = 200 [Nm]
fs1
2
fsN
mkf2 := mkN = 112.5 [Nm]
fs2
2
fsN
mkf3 := mkN = 72 [Nm]
fs3
2
fsN
mkf4 := mkN = 50 [Nm]
fs4
s1 := 0.00001 , 0.00003 .. 1
s2 := 0.00001 , 0.00003 .. 1
s3 := 0.00001 , 0.00003 .. 1
s4 := 0.00001 , 0.00003 .. 1
2 mkf1 2 mkf2
mf1( s1 ) := [Nm] mf2( s2 ) := [Nm]
s1 sk1 s2 sk2
+ +
sk1 s1 sk2 s2
2 mkf3 2 mkf4
mf3( s3 ) := [Nm] mf4( s4 ) := [Nm]
s3 sk3 s4 sk4
+ +
sk3 s3 sk4 s4
mf1( s1 )
189
mf2( s2 )
168
mf3( s3 )
147
mf4( s4 )
126
memN
m [Nm]
105
mkN
84
mkf1
63
mkf2
42
mkf4
21
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
s1 , s2 , s3 , s4 , s N , s kN , sk1 , sk2 , s k4
s
C.2.) Se vor ridica caractersticile in viteza unghiulara ω=f(m) utilizand relatia:
2 mk
m= [Nm]
Δω Δωk
+
Δωk Δω
2 π fsN
ω0 := = 314.159 [rad/s]
zp
2 π fs1 2 π fsN
ω01 := = 188.496 [rad/s] ω03 := = 314.159 [rad/s]
zp zp
2 π fs2 2 π fs4
ω02 := = 251.327 [rad/s] ω04 := = 376.991 [rad/s]
zp zp
Δωk = ω0 - ωk
(
ωk = ω0 1 - sk ) [rad/s]
Δ( ω2) := ω02 - ω2
Δ( ω3) := ω03 - ω3
Δ( ω4) := ω04 - ω4
( )
Δωk1 := ω01 - ω01 1 - sk1 = 42.725 ( )
ωk1 := ω01 1 - sk1 = 145.771 [rad/s]
Δωk2 := ω02 - ω02 ( 1 - sk2) = 42.725 ωk2 := ω02 ( 1 - sk2) = 208.603 [rad/s]
Δωk3 := ω03 - ω03 ( 1 - sk3) = 42.725 ωk3 := ω03 ( 1 - sk3) = 271.435 [rad/s]
Δωk4 := ω04 - ω04 ( 1 - sk4) = 42.725 ωk4 := ω04 ( 1 - sk4) = 334.267 [rad/s]
2 2
fsN fsN
mkf1 := mkN = 200 [Nm] mkf3 := mkN = 72 [Nm]
fs1 fs3
2
2 fsN
fsN mkf4 := mkN = 50 [Nm]
mkf2 := mkN = 112.5 [Nm] fs4
fs2
2 mkf2
2 mkf1
( )
m1 ω1 := [Nm] ( )
m2 ω2 :=
ω02 - ω2 Δωk1
[Nm]
ω01 - ω1 Δωk1 +
+ Δωk1 ω02 - ω2
Δωk1 ω01 - ω1
2 mkf3 2 mkf4
( )
m3 ω3 :=
ω03 - ω3 Δωk1
[Nm] ( )
m4 ω4 :=
ω04 - ω4 Δωk1
[Nm]
+ +
Δωk1 ω03 - ω3 Δωk1 ω04 - ω4
Caracteristica viteza-cuplu
400
ω1
360
ω2
ω3
320
ω4
ω01 280
ω02
240
ω03
ω [rad/s]
200
ω04
ωk1 160
ωk2
120
ωk3
80
ωk4
ωN 40
0
0 23 46 69 92 115 138 161 184 207 230
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
m1 ω1 , m2 ω2 , m3 ω3 , m4 ω4 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , mkf1 , mkf2 , mkf3 , mkf4 , memN
m [Nm]
D) Reglajul la U/f=ct. al motorului asincron
Consideratii teoretice:
La acest mod de reglaj cuplul critic se mentine constant la valoarea mk= mkN alunecarea critica
sk modificandu-se datorita variatiei frecventei tensiunii de alimentare.
In functie de frecventa de alimentare tensine tensiunea de alimentare se calculeaza conform:
UsN
Us = fs [V]
fsN
2 2
Us fsN
mk = mkN [Nm]
UsN fs
UsN
Us1 := fs1 = 92 [V]
fsN
UsN
Us2 := fs2 = 138 [V]
fsN
UsN
Us3 := fs3 = 184 [V]
fsN
UsN
Us4 := fs4 = 230 [V]
fsN
Cuplul critic este acelasi la fiecare reglaj:
mkN = 72 [Nm]
2 2
Us1 fsN
mk1 := mkN = 72 [Nm]
UsN fs1
2 2
Us2 fsN
mk2 := mkN = 72 [Nm]
UsN fs2
2 2
Us3 fsN
mk3 := mkN = 72 [Nm]
UsN fs3
2 2
Us4 fsN
mk4 := mkN = 72 [Nm]
UsN fs4
Alunecarile critice:
fsN
s'k1 := skN = 0.34
fs1
fsN
s'k2 := skN = 0.227
fs2
fsN
s'k3 := skN = 0.17
fs3
fsN
s'k4 := skN = 0.136
fs4
msk1 ( s'1)
72
msk2 ( s'2)
64
msk3 ( s'3)
56
msk4 ( s'4)
48
memN
m [Nm]
40
mkN
32
mk1
24
mk2
16
mk3
8
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
s'1 , s'2 , s'3 , s'4 , sN , skN , s'k1 , s'k2 , s'k3
s
D.2.) Se vor ridica caracteristicile in viteza unghiulara ω=f(m) pentru cele 4 frecvente de la
punctul D.1. unde valorile ω0 ale vitezelor de sincronism vor fi diferite pentru fiecare
frrecventa, si anume:
2 π fs1
ω01 := = 125.664 [rad/s]
zp
2 π fs2
ω02 := = 188.496 [rad/s]
zp
2 π fs3
ω03 := = 251.327 [rad/s]
zp
2 π fs4
ω04 := = 314.159 [rad/s]
zp
( )
Δ ω1 := ω01 - ω1 s'k1 = 0.34
( )
Δ ω2 := ω02 - ω2 s'k2 = 0.227
( )
Δ ω3 := ω03 - ω3 s'k3 = 0.17
Δ( ω4) := ω04 - ω4 s'k4 = 0.136
Δωk1 := ω01 - ( )
ω01 1 - s'k1 = 42.725
Δωk2 := ω02 - ( )
ω02 1 - s'k2 = 42.725
Δωk3 := ω03 - ( )
ω03 1 - s'k3 = 42.725
Δωk4 := ω04 - ω04 ( 1 - s'k4) = 42.725
ΔωkN = 42.725
(
ωk1 := ω01 1 - s'k1 = ) 82.939 [rad/s]
(
ωk2 := ω02 1 - s'k2 = ) 145.771 [rad/s]
(
ωk3 := ω03 1 - s'k3 = ) 208.603 [rad/s]
(
ωk4 := ω04 1 - s'k4 = ) 271.435 [rad/s]
2 mk1
( )
m1 ω1 :=
ω01 - ω1 ΔωkN
[Nm]
+
ΔωkN ω01 - ω1
2 mk2
( )
m2 ω2 :=
ω02 - ω2 ΔωkN
[Nm]
+
ΔωkN ω02 - ω2
2 mk3
( )
m3 ω3 :=
ω03 - ω3 ΔωkN
[Nm]
+
ΔωkN ω03 - ω3
2 mk4
( )
m4 ω4 :=
ω04 - ω4 ΔωkN
[Nm]
+
ΔωkN ω04 - ω4
ωN = 306.829 [rad/s]
Caracteristica artificiala a motorului asincron la metoda de reglare U/f=constant:
Caracteristica viteza-cuplu
350
ω1
315
ω2
ω3
280
ω4
ω01 245
ω02
210
ω03
ω [rad/s]
175
ω04
ωk1
140
ωk2
105
ωk3
ωk4 70
ωN
35
0
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
m1 ω1 , m2 ω2 , m3 ω3 , m4 ω4 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , mk1 , mk2 , mk3 , mk4 , memN
m [Nm]
II.3. Ridicarea caracteristicilor motorului asincron la flux rotoric constant si
calculul instalatiei de ridicat si reprezentarea caracteristicii masinii de lucru.
La flux rotoric constant (Ψr=ct), caracteristicile mecance ale masinii asincrone devin liniare
(devin asemanatoare cu cea a caracteristicii motorului de curent continuu cu excitatie separata).
Ur = R r Ir + j ΔωΨr = 0
rezultand:
Δ ωΨr
Ir = [A]
Rr
unde:
2 π fsN
ω0 := [rad/s]
zp
Ψr-flux rotoric
Ir-curentul rotoric
iar valoarea acestuia va fi aceeasi, pentru orice caracteristica (fie ea cea naturala, fie
artificiala).
Relatia devine:
3
me = zp β ω0 - ω
2
( ) [Nm]
2 memN
β := = 2.274
(
3 zp ω0N - ωN )
se vor calcula trei puncte, care vor determina cate o caracteristica calculand vitezele
unghiulare rotorice ω pentru urmatoarele valori ale cuplului:
me = -memN
me = 0 (corspunzator vitezei de sincronis )
me = memN
β = 2.274
-memN -25.007
M := 0 [Nm]
= 0
m 25.007
emN
zp = 1
β = 2.274
ω01 = 314.159 [rad/s]
2
Ω1 := ω01 - m = 321.49 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN1
memN11 := 0 [Nm]
2
Ω2 := ω01 - m = 314.159 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN11
2
Ω3 := ω01 - m = 306.829 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN111
2
Ω4 := ω02 - m = 164.41 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN2
memN22 := 0 [Nm]
2
Ω5 := ω02 - m = 157.08 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN22
2
Ω6 := ω02 - m = 149.749 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN222
Oprirea greutatii, pentru cazul in care caracteristica care trece prin punctul (mrA , 0)
β = 2.274
ω3 := 0 [rad/s]
mAr = 22.993 [Nm]
2
Ω03 := ω3 + m = 6.74
3 zp β Ar
2
Ω7 := ω03 - m = 14.07 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN3
memN33 := 0 [Nm]
2
Ω8 := ω03 - m = 6.74 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN33
2
Ω9 := ω03 - m = -0.59 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN333
Ω7 -m
14.07 emN -25.007
Ω8 6.74 0 0
Ωcaz3 := [rad/s] [Nm]
= M caz3 := =
ω3
0 m 22.993
Ar
-0.59 25.007
Ω memN
9
Cazul 4.
β = 2.274
ω04 := 0 [rad/s]
mGr = 20.979 [Nm]
2
Ω4 := ω04 - m = -6.15 [rad/s]
3 zp β Gr
2
Ω10 := ω04 - m = 7.33 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN4
memN44 := 0 [Nm]
2
Ω11 := ω04 - m =0 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN44
2
Ω12 := ω04 - m = -7.33 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN444
-m
Ω10 emN -25.007
7.33
0
Ω11 0 0 [Nm]
Ωcaz4 := [rad/s]
M caz4 := =
= m 20.979
Gr
Ω4
-6.15
25.007
-7.33 memN
Ω
12
Cazul 5.
-ω0N
ω05 := = -157.08 [rad/s]
2
2
Ω5 := ω05 - m = -163.229 [rad/s]
3 zp β Gr
2
Ω13 := ω05 - m = -149.749 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN5
memN55 := 0 [Nm]
2
Ω14 := ω05 - m = -157.08 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN55
2
Ω15 := ω05 - m = -164.41 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN555
-m
Ω13 emN -25.007
-149.749
0
Ω14 -157.08 0 [Nm]
Ωcaz5 := [rad/s]
M caz5 := =
= m 20.979
Gr
Ω5
-163.229
25.007
-164.41 memN
Ω
15
Cazul 6.
2
Ω06 := ω6 + m = -300.679 [rad/s]
3 zp β Gr
2
Ω16 := ω06 - m = -293.349 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN6
memN66 := 0 [Nm]
2
Ω17 := ω06 - m = -300.679 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN66
2
Ω18 := ω06 - m = -308.009 [rad/s]
3 zp β emN666
-m
Ω16 emN -25.007
-293.349
0
Ω17 -300.679 0 [Nm]
Ωcaz6 := [rad/s]
M caz6 := =
= m 20.979
Gr
ω6
-306.829
25.007
-308.009 memN
Ω
18
-50 0 0 400
Ox := 0
Oy := 0
Px := 0 Py := 0
50 0 0 -400
25.007 mGr m
M emx := 25.007
M rgx := M rax := Ar
mGr mAr
25.007
350 0 350
M emy := 0
M rgy := M ray :=
-350 -350
0
Ωcaz1
Ωcaz2
240
Ωcaz3
Ωcaz4
Ωcaz5
80
Ωcaz6
ω[rad/s]
Oy
Py - 80
Mrgy
Memy
- 240
Mray
- 400
- 30 - 18 -6 6 18 30
Mcaz1 , M caz2 , M caz3 , M caz4 , Mcaz5 , M caz6 , Ox , P x , M rgx , M emx , Mrax
m[Nm]
-25.007 -25.007
M caz3' := 0
M caz4' :=
25.007 Y := 25.007
0
14.07 7.33
Ωcaz3' := Ωcaz4' :=
-0.59 -7.33
-50 0 0 40
Ox := 0
Oy := 0
Px := 0 Py := 0
50 0 0 -40
25.007 mGr m
M emx := 25.007 M rgx := M rax := Ar
mGr mAr
25.007
18 0 18
M emy := 0
M rgy := M ray :=
-18 -18
0
0 mGr
Y1 := X1 :=
0 mAr
Y2 := Ω4( ) (
X2 := mGr )
evidenţierea caracteristicilor c3 c4
20
Ωcaz3'
Ωcaz4'
Oy 10
Py
Mrgy
ω[rad/s]
Memy
0
Mray
Y1
- 10
Y2
- 20
- 20 0 20
M caz3' , Mcaz4' , Ox , P x , M rgx , M emx , M rax , M caz3' , X1 , X2
m [Nm]