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Tranzacţii (fluxuri)
internaţionale
Problema 1
Tabelul 4.1
Indicatorul Unitatea de Italia Suedia
măsură
Suprafaţa Mii kmp. 301,23 449,96
Populaţia Milioane locuitori 57,32 8,84
Produsul intern brut Miliarde USD 1081 241
(la rata de schimb)
Produsul intern brut Miliarde USD 1438 231
(ajustare cu PPC)
Exporturi (mărfuri şi Miliarde USD 302,7 104,4
servicii)
Importuri (mărfuri şi Miliarde USD 291,9 89,8
servicii)
Stoc de ISD intrate în Miliarde USD 185,5 130,1
economia ţării
Stoc de ISD plasate în Miliarde USD 120,6 108,6
străinătate
Datoria externă publică Miliarde USD 508,7 66,2
Pe termen lung
Serviciul datoriei externe Miliarde USD 29,9 5,3
Sursa datelor: statistici ale OCDE
Analiza statistică a deschiderii internaţionale a unei economii
Problema 2
Chapter 4
CATEGORIES OF INTERNATIONAL
TRANSACTIONS
a) Long and medium term loans and credits refer to capital movements
that cover more than one year. Loans are offered by commercial banks or
consortia and governments to the public or private sector of an other
economy in order to cover an internal financial disequilibrium. Usually, the
way of using the loan money is not transparent for the part offering the
credit. Credits are offered to the public or private sector of an other country
by commercial banks, governments or i/n financial institution related to a
development or reform project. Terms of reference, disbursement rules,
technical assistance and assessment methodology are parts of the contract
between creditors and credited. Governments usually guaranty
reimbursement of loans and credits.
b) Foreign investments relate to a specific undertaking:
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) differ from loans and credits
given to non-residents as the investor takes over the management of the
company in order to secure the efficient output parameters. In order to
have a respected voice in the company management, foreign investors
buy at least 10% of the shares in order to have a voice in the managing
board.
Portfolio investments cover the international transactions in
securities. The investor acquires this time a small part of the company
assets and is seeking a future profit (gain) without being involved in the
company management.
c) Short term (cross-border) capital movements.
A basic principle of an open economy is the free movement of
capital. Short term capital movements cover inter alia operations in
securities and in collective investment undertakings (funds) commercial
credits and loans. Capital mobility is closely related to the issues
concerning:
The right of establishment including the principle of national
treatment;
The company’s law and
The provision of services, including financial services.
Statistică pentru afaceri internaţionale