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REZUMAT
Clotrimazolul i metronidazolul sunt substane medicamentoase lipofile, utilizate frecvent ca antimicotice, antibacteriene
i antitrichomonazice n tratamentul local al infeciilor cutanate i al candidozelor bucale i vaginale. n consecin,
mrirea solubilitii lor n ap i implicit a vitezei de eliberare din preparatele farmaceutice este esenial pentru obinerea
unui efect terapeutic rapid. Obiectivul acestei lucrri a fost studiul efectului unor tehnici de solubilizare (cosolvatare,
hidrotropie i solubilizare micelar) asupra clotrimazolului i metronidazolului. S-a determinat solubilitatea clotrimazolului
i metronidazolului n prezena a diferii ageni solubilizani (propilenglicol, Kollidon 30, Tween 80 i Solutol HS 15).
Rezultatele au artat c cele mai mari valori ale solubilitii clotrimazolului n ap au fost obinute n prezen de Tween
80 i Kollidon 30, urmai de propilenglicol. n cazul metronidazolului, efectul solubilizant al celor patru ageni fie nu s-a
manifestat, fie nu a avut semnificaie practic. Studiul a furnizat un important set de date privind solubilizarea
clotrimazolului i metronidazolului prin diferite tehnici acceptate n domeniul farmaceutic, datele fiind utile pentru
formularea unor preparate lichide sau semisolide cu clotrimazol sau metronidazol.
Cuvinte cheie: clotrimazol, metronidazol, solubilizare, cosolvatare, hidrotropie, solubilizare micelar, surfactant
ABSTRACT
Clotrimazole and metronidazole are lipophilic drugs of antimicotic, antibacterian and antitrichomonazic action,
frecvently used in the local treatment of cutaneous infections and buccal and vaginal candidosis. Therefore, the increase
in solubility and rapid release of clotrimazole and metronidazole is essential for such topical preparations. The aim of the
present study was to study the eect of various solubilization techniques (cosolvency, hydrotropy and micellar
solubilization) on solubility of clotrimazole and metronidazole. Solubility of clotrimazole and metronidazole was
determined in presence of dierent solubilization agents, namely propyleneglycol, Kollidon 30, Tween 80 and Solutol HS
15. Results showed that highest solubility values of clotrimazole were achieved with use of Tween 80 and Kollidon 30,
followed by propyleneglycol. In the case of metronidazole, the eect of the four solubilization agents or not manifested
or not had practical significance. Finaly, the present study generated an important dataset for solubilization of clotrimazole
and metronidazole using various pharmaceutically accepted techniques, which could be useful while formulating liquid/
semisolid dosage forms containing clotrimazole or metronidazole.
Key words: clotrimazole, metronidazole, solubilization, cosolvency, hydrotropy, micellar solubilization, surfactant
Adres de coresponden:
Dr. Lavinia Vlaia, Universitatea de Medicin i Farmacie Victor Babe, Piaa E imie Murgu, Nr. 2, Timioara
e-mail: laviniav@um .ro
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Practica Farmaceutic Vol. 3, Nr. 1-2, An 2010
15
Practica Farmaceutic Vol. 3, Nr. 1-2, An 2010
A
% minim cosolvent in amestec cu apa
80
Alcool etilic cclotrimazol % (mg/l) =
70 Propilenglicol 0,0022
60 i
50
A
cmetronidazol % (mg/l) =
40
0,0053
30
Ctz y = 0.0403e
0.084x 2
; R = 0.9923 (pt. domeniul 60-100%PG)
i pentru metronidazol (fig. 3) s-au trasat pe baza 200
Mtz
3 2 2
y = -0.4884x + 6.9681x - 12.406x + 97.289; R = 0.9925
150
100
0.45
0.4
50
Abs. (261 nm, 1 cm)
0.35
0.3
y = 0.0022x
2
R = 0.9909 0
0.25 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.2
-50
0.15 % PG in amestecurile apa-PG (m/m)
0.1
0.05
Figura 4. Influena concentraiei de PG n amestec cu apa asu-
0
pra solubilitii clotrimazolului i metronidazolului.
0 50 100 150 200 250
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Practica Farmaceutic Vol. 3, Nr. 1-2, An 2010
90.00
2
y = 0.5419x + 72.938; R = 0.9766
80.00
70.00
Solubilitate (mg/l)
60.00
50.00
40.00 2
y = 1.9509x + 2.8024; R = 0.9859
30.00
20.00
Clotrimazol
10.00
Metronidazol
0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
100
2
y = 1.2908x + 75.582; R = 0.9887
90
80
2
y = 0.7433x + 73.882; R = 0.9995
Solubilitate (mg/l)
70
60 Clotrimazol - Tween 80
50 Clotrimazol - Solutol HS 15
2
40 Metronidazol - Tween 80 y = 2.9654x + 5.2802; R = 0.9964
Metronidazol - Solutol HS 15
30
20
10
2
y = 1.0263x + 2.0361; R = 0.9914
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
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Practica Farmaceutic Vol. 3, Nr. 1-2, An 2010
de aproximativ 16 respectiv 60 de ori, iar pentru solubilizani utilizai n studiu s-au dovedit a fi mai
intervalul de concentraii 3-7%, creterea de solubi- eficieni pentru clotrimazol dect pentru metro-
litate a fost de circa 40 de ori. Comparativ, Tween- nidazol. Tween 80 i Kollidon 30 au fost cei mai
ul 80 (HLB=15), avnd un lan hidrocarbonat mai eficieni solubilizani pentru clotrimazol, mrindu-i
lung dect Solutolul HS 15 (HLB=14-16), a mbu- solubilitatea de aproximativ 30 de ori (la concen-
ntit n msur mai mare solubilitatea clotrima- traii relativ mici, 1-3%) i 150 de ori (la concentraii
zolului n ap. Aceste date sugereaz c moleculele mari, 10% i respectiv 15%). De asemenea, propi-
de clotrimazol nepolare se localizeaz preferenial lenglicolul n concentraii mari (70-90%) produce o
n zona hidrofob a micelelor, situsul solubilizrii cretere de aproximativ 30 de ori a solubilitii clo-
fiind, prin urmare, nucleul lor hidrofob. trimazolului.
n cazul metronidazolului, curbele de solubilizare n plus, rezultatele obin ute n cazul surfactanilor
n prezen de surfactant arat c solubilitatea sa n ca solubilizani pentru clotrimazol sugereaz c
ap nu este influenat favorabil de prezena aces- solubilizarea acestuia se produce, n principal, prin
tora, adic fie scade pentru concentraiile de 1 i 3% includerea sa n nucleul hidrofob al micelelor.
polisorbat 80, respectiv 1, 3 i 5% Solutol HS 15, n acest context, se poate concluziona faptul c
fie crete nesemnificativ pentru concentraiile 5, 7 i studiul furnizeaz o serie de informaii referitoare
10% tween 80, respectiv 7 i 10% Solutol HS 15. la solubilizarea clotrimazolului prin diferite metode
acceptate n domeniul farmaceutic, informaii care
pot fi utile n formularea unor preparate farmaceutice
CONCLUZII lichide sau semisolide cu clotrimazol.
Acest studiu a evaluat creterea solubilitii n n cazul metronidazolului, efectul solubilizant al
ap a clotrimazolului i metronidazolului prin utili- celor patru ageni fie nu s-a manifestat, fie nu a avut
zarea a 3 tehnici de solubilizare diferite. Toi agenii semnificaie practic.
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