d"rF,A? !

r r*= *-
ULllrd dil*lcVI"-iiil*
.YHftiiC=
,AJft*i{Vftil

stvru#rs$=isHc
xHv*il{j-lv=FE Hoi hf;s$I*N= sisvn

lv3 g*=r2 lvru*sH=# flHr.r,Hd

?zvfi 3a d73]*h*=

HHVdS V=HH
 S]VNOISSf JCLid
uor l.{snsNl ctsvE
=HV3l{1lV=i-t
1V3 lclt/\i ]VNOSH=d nHrNld
vruarn vz=]ilN=

}IHVdS VSHH
 EDiTURA QT]ANTUM
B.DTIL N- TITL]}-ESCU NE.. J 8i61
4OO42A CLUJ.NAPOCA

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii N*iionaie a Rermfiniei

SPAR.K, RI{EA
Easic EngXish for healthcare professienals: Engleza slebazil penfru persoraE
rnedical /Rhea Spark. - Cluj-Napoca : Quanturn,2OOg
.
ISB].1 978-9'73-88835-l -2

81 1 1 1i:6i

Ai1 rights resened. Printed in Rornania. No parts of this publicatian may be

reproduced or distributed in any form or b1r any meaos , or stored tn data base or
retneval sysiem, without the prior perrnission of the arithor.

r Taate drepturiie T?zervate. Tipirit ir: Romdnia. Idicio pafie din aceasti lucrarer*
l-"r poate fi reprodusf, sub nicio icrml, pnn niciun rnijloc rnecanic sau etrectronic sau
stcscati, infr'-o baza dt dat* {afi acorciui in preaiabil, scns, al a*taarei.

.,i

rOE*ate drepeuriie ;!s'{epr a aeestei edifii *par{irl au€oarei"

l
1

.1
 Yfleww PkY grusgffi€-}cEEEJ}{E tlE [.rrgE"EZAH,E
"% Sg

Lucrarea *e talE se ad-reseazil tutu-ror ceicr aflafi ia un ni.vei medru cie cuncastere
a jiffibri engleze gi i.::*-teresafl sau ietciicali in riorneniul medicai. Prin contlnur*j gi
sirucfurarea n-rateneiului acest curs *{er& pcsii:iiitatea iasuqirii qilsau
irnbuna#,|im liznbajuiui <ie s3;ecialitate 1n yara'tetr ru Cezvoitarea gemeraid e
v ocabula ru-iui gi aproF;ndarea gramatlc ii en gleze.

Aceastdcarte-maru.rai poate fi ,L\tl}irat& fu *,mEie de scopuriXe iniiviCuaj.e aie

cititorului, deia facihtarea mlelegeru gl asrnii&* bibliogra&ei cie suecialitate gr
cercetdrii neeCicaie ?c',. iirilba engiez6, p*n6. 3a ptregawea pentru a profesa 'fl:r t&ril.e
de hnrbd engiezh, in special -cUA. De asenrenea, Erirr prezenta explica,flliar, a-
cheii {rdsrunsurilor} exerciiiilor oi & posii:i}.ii6$i autoevalu*ri ctaaoqiinfeior
cobl,ndite, a.ceastE rarte se preteazd ia studiu inciwciuex,irrti*p ce pentru- eievii,
stucienrri gi profesorij clic]. qc+irle postliceaie, coiegiiie 6i facultaliie de prof;l.
'ru"craree poate ccr.stitu"i 'riit frlrrtetrral didacfic rlesiinai orelor
d"e curs aracac ie
iimbe englez6.

Fentru a beneficia c€L rnai"rnuit de ti::rprli ci eforfui invmtit in parcurgerea acestei

cdr,tr-manuai, este foarte irxrpertant ca cititerr:fr sH rnleieagE principiiie strucr*rani
irtaterialuiui gi sd- urrneze cfi.t mai ridei recofilafldarlie de uttlizare. Matenair-il este
organtzaz i* zece caprioie {*rJmts"}, #.s.are dinh"= acestea fii:ii rntrccius ir
vccai:ular ("\A/ord. Bank"j gi o prezentare gemeraX6 a confialuiutrul care este d:rizar
in patru subuniiHF: cie exexrullu {-irut ? este alcEtuit ciin Wor<i Bank, Llnit 2A, i.lrui
28, Unrt 2C gi Unit 2D: Principiul cie baz6. qi totodat# ingeniozttatea acestei cl{itj
corrstd ?n rnteriepertder,ta, dinire vocabuiarr.ri cle spe;iaj.ltate gl probierneie ie
iimb# care sunt prezentate, tixaie gi testate 'ruapreunE; eie exe.mplu, taate
exercifiitre de gramaficd riirrti'-un capitci conlin vocabuiarui ie epeciaiiiate utiiizai
ln acei caErj.toL, iar *a<iwcerile Ce La sf&rqitrai caprioiuiui ccmbin* dr'. no:.i
vocabulanrl qi probierneie ae 1i::&A/grarratrc*. A1&*rtea piamcipiu este repetiha;
termerrii rnedicali se ?nt&Lnesc pe tot pasfil.rsui c6r$i, i.nn anuntit tercren n-red:cai
put6nd aphrea in ?iard tsaur&-ui nnal multor capitoie.

Excepi6.nC prinrui utltlrnui capiioi ({-;rut i si -Unit \81, r'tate casitoieie {Iiz-rrts 2,3,
qe
4, 5, 5, 7, &, *i 9) rcahgi cunoptarite ffisrrlare d.* anaton'de {A}, grare,anct iB,t,
voca-bular de speciaitiale actifional {Ci ei exercifii c{e traiucere {D). Su-bunitatrle
A, E qi C sum.i insaiite oe aviljcaili qi exer*Vli *eylrtrtx practlcarea cunog.tinteicr g:
ruci teste {"qwzzm"}, ial subanitatea t presupu*e irnbinerea runoqiinpicl
iob6ndite ih suLrunrt,Ht.ile A,8., C.

:Trimui gi Lritin"u.d cag:itoi iTinri i. si I-Iclit n*j, deqi str;.rciu.rate ie patru su-inrutau
tA, B, C, si D) ca gj restu? caprtcrleioi,. se rl*osebresc de acestea p,;,lir, iapr,fi cd
I.l;''
l'

tr
incor.nore&zA t*1.8rea ampi* a cunogtrftIeior riob&srCite <irn ini].ea ga c-ds*L? F1 I-lu
'cra&T dintr*rrn siagur capitoi. Astfei, 3rr {-lnit i, conce-r:icri de "pre-test" se refera 1a.
un test tr'"i7al, aiici. testarea- cuncstlntelcr ce urmeaza a ti aarturse (tesiui se
aCnunisireazd inaintE de inceperea etecilvd a stueiiiliui qi fbr* foiosrrea
d"ictionaruLui sau a aiior resurse). in ?Jnit 10 concectui de "post-test" asigr;rp *
evaiuare fir',alT a cunoqtinleior dup& parcurgerea ;::raterraiuiui irttregii caril.Ideai
este ca Ciferenla de punctaj ckntre l:re-iesi 5i post-test s6. rle c;it mai semrLrflcativa
{;purtctayi offirnut la posi-test s# fie r.uit ril6i rnare dec&t cel oblrnut le- pre-test),
dar 15s*rn aceste *utzi ia iatituitnea unlizatoriior qt/ sao er furclnenr&tor-iior lor
(cadre dirlacticei. iat6 gi c6teva considerente practice: cer care obtin punctal
rrdicat ia pre-test {8$% sau. inai rr-rult} vor avea nevoie cie rnai pu?in fi.mp or
indr"uaure r:entru parcurgerea matee"ialuir.m, aproxirnativ 44 cre pe unif rest1ltr
ciiitorfior sunt sfAtuiil sE deciice cel putrn 8-12 qre fiec5rur urrit.

Consu"ltafi chiar acurn cuprrn"sui ("Contenu,s")t qi oprifi-rrif c6teva rninute asupra.

fiecdrui capitoi intre T-lmt 2 gi Umt 9, rhsf*I$-X gi il"rcercafi sii v& facrliliarizaf, cu
modui de prezentare. C6nd sunteli gata sh lncepefi sitrdiuL, reveniri ia Unii 1.

Succes!

flwio*rea ryi Efrfura #.uaniwryt

 CCNTENTE
CUPRINS

1NIT 1 Word Bank

UNIT 1A': Organs, S)rsterns, and Meciicai Specialties, 8
Human tsody Pre-test.
I]NIT 18: Cvelrview of Grarnmar Topics 1A

Grammar Pre-test
UNIT 1C: Syrnptoms A-N 23
UNiT iD: Unit 1 Translaiion Pracdce. 1't

LINIT 2 Word Bank

UNIT 24: The Muscuioskeietal Systern JU
LTNIT 28: hiouns and Pronouns Jt)
UNIT 2C Symptoms P-2. +J
IJNIT 2D: Unit 2 Transiation Practice +)

UNiT 3 Worci Bank 45

Ul"liT 3A: The Cardiovascular Systern. 4B
UNIT 38: Acijectives and Adverbs. i3
UNTT 3C: Clinicai Procedures A-N. )ti
UNIT 3D: Unit 3 Transiation Practice. 41,

trl{m 4 Word Bank. 64

UIdIT 4A The Resptratory System. 65
IJhI]T 48 Verbs .- Forms anC Tenses.... 'i-r
UJ.JIT 4C Clinicai Proced.uresP-2. oi
c
'
UNIT 4D Unit 4 Transiafion Praciice... - A't
o-)

U}{IT 5 Word Bank. 64

TJNIT 5I\ The Digestive Sysien'.
C?
UNIT 58. Verirs - The Passive -);
UNIT 5C Dis e as es,/ Ilines ses / Irr1rrrie s f Fhysical Con d i lions A -Ir4
IJNiT 5D Unit 5 Translaiion Practice. 1\-j j

iIL;
a,a
uhiiT 6 Word Bank
UI''IIT 6.4 llne Excretor,v System. . iii4
'i i^rC
T T\TTM /E uc
UI\I.I, DD Verbs - Idodals .i

UI.JIT 5C Diseases / Iiln esses / Inj urie s / Fh,vsical Conditions I{ - Z. 1i5

IJI{IT 5D T-Jritt 6 Translaticn Practice. .. .
 s

UT\JIT 7 VriorC Bank 120

UI{iT 74' The Nervous System
UN]T 78 Connectors 126
UNIT 7C Treatnnent A-Z 131
UNIT 7D Unit 7 Transiation Practice i35

UNIT B Word Bank. 136

UNTIT BA The Endocrine and Reproductive Systerns 138
UhIIT BB Phrases and Clauses 1M
UNIT 8C Prescription A-2. 146
UNIT 8D Unii 8 Translation Praciice. i50

UNIT 9 Word Bank. I(1

UN]T 9A The Senses: Sight, Hearing, Snnel1, Taste, Touch. 154
98
LT-NIIT Effective Sentences 159
UNIT 9C Miscelian e ous / Medical an d F{ealth-Relate d E xpressions 162
UNIT 9D Unit 9 Translation Practice t66
fi
U}JiT 10
UNIT 1OA Hurnan Bodv Post-test 167
UI\TIT 1OB Grammar Post-test 1n.

UMT 1OC: Speciaiized Vs66fuuiary Test It/

UNIT1OD: Translation Test. 180

KEY. 182

ENGLISFI-ROMANIAN VCCABULARY . 208

ROMA NIAhI-ENGLISH \,'CCAtsULARY . 1){l

i-.
I

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS. 234

.\a-
I\iUVIBERS :jj

BIBLICGRAtrHY. 239
 TINTT 3. W*ERE} B,ENK

Use the aocabulary items iw this unit's ruorCbaruk as needeci,

-ior iessotts, aVpiicatioits,
euizzes, and translation prnctice, zs-niess otherzLtise inriicateri. 1'ou zuill encounter
marLy of
t'ttese zuarris in other units' aacabulary bank, afid so, by repeated nse, you ruiL!
masier
thnn by the time you fintstt tttis textbook. This unit includes the
folioruing:

" iA: Organs, Systems, arcd. l,Aedical Sperialties arud Ilumqn Boay Pre-test
" 78: Oaeraiew of Grammar Topics and Grammar pre-test
" LC: Sympioms A-N
" lD: Translation Practice

andrenai glands: glandeie suprarenale

(toi avoid: a evita
backache: durere de spate
biad der: vezica urinar5
bleeding: sAngerare
blister: bXgicE
blood: sf;nge
biood pressure: tecrsiu.ne alterialE
boitr: fu.rsncu.].
bones: oase
brairr creier
bruise: contuzi.e, vAn5taie
{to} caltr in sick a antrnta absenfaia absenta pe rnotiv de boal*
carfiiage: cariilaf
ca'vities: carii
ceil: ceiuiE
chiltr: frison, trigwl. r5cealE
coid. swea* sudoare {transpirafie} rece
connective tis sue: lesut con!.trncttv
cyanosis: tiawaz&"
{to} decli.ne: a refraza
d.ehydration: d e s hi drataa'e
eden:ra: erien'l
ER eioctors: rnediei <iin secfia de urgera!6
escphagu.e: esaf.ag
exp eri nre *tai &wgs : r*e ci.i c a rnente exp erim entai e
fainil iegi:t
{to} faint: a }epina
fat: gi'hsirne
faiigu* oboseald
d

f,e:ler: febr6,
fiaagernaiis: unghin {Ia nt3i*i}
|tcl,z frtghEterc: a *pexta, iwgrazi, ?mfricoEa
gaSlbiad*,er v ezie a b iI iara
'{.t*i get, wortse: a se ?rerEutiti
hav fever: {.ebra f6rauluio rinit& alergic&., paierd*z&
itc) heatr: a {sei vtr'deca
heaithcace professtonals: eersonal meCicaL, iucr6tori in domeraiui sinltEtii
hearh inirnE
impairmenfu def,ect, deteriorare, alterare (a organismtlluitr
itch: mAnclrirne
i oinis : furcheiets:.ri, articuXatii
kidne3rs: rinichi
lalror: travaliu., d.ureritre facerii
larynx S.aring*
iinc: hrrze
iiver: ficat.
loss of consci.ousness: pierderea cunoqtintei
lungs: p}imAni
rnarrtrnary giands: glazad e rnairlare
rnuscle: rrrugchi
Ilausea: greafi
nefl/es: nervi.
nose: mas
numbness: arnorteatr6
*va-ries: ovare
pancreas: pafficleas
p ararned ics: asi.sterefi rnedicali. p e ambuianti
pfuaryrax: fari.nge
p ih.eitaryr gland : giare ci 5 pituiiarE, laip ofizd
itol postpofte: * am&na
(ta) presrribe: a prescri.e {.un tratarnent}
prostate: prostatE
puise: puis
pus: puroi
p:urzziedlt perplex
{tr:} sc'rub: a *uafiafspEia prill frec a$e, a sp[la cu peria
itt>j set e f,racture; a Fu.fle in ghi-ps o f::aefurE
sHeippin g: exp ediere, izarrsp ort
shivering: trerrlurare {tc shivec: a te"en'iura}
ski'sr: pieie
srr,aiL irrtestine: intesti.n subfire
sneezing: sts*.nut, strXnutare {sneeze: strdnut}
spinai ccrd: r*dcfuva sPinXrii
 ' - . :--rr+r+#1,_nl}i!t5.; ia+4 5,i 11 1
ir y:'tl', y

stornach: stomac
swelling: umflituri, umflare
testes: testicule
thymus: tirnus
thyroid: tiroidi
tissue: lesut
tongue: limbi
lrachea: lrahee
(to) undergo surgery: a ae opera;a se supune unei operafii chinrrgicale
urethra: uretri
utems: uter
vagina: vagrn
**:t"ry ochi apogi, Licrimogi
"y*ut
weariness: obsseal 6., epuizare, sfArqea1I
wound: rani
 EilfEE 3""&: #KGA-Iqs, sYsYEi?f,S, e*& h/gEElEC eL flwHCgAtrgES

xxffi* s*w,
i. ll'hat z,re cells?
2. Can ycu flarri.e so$l€' oi the human hady argans]
3. What are systerns? Can you give a few exarnpies?
1. What medicai speciai{r relates to fhe digesiive system?
Choose from the box beiow to fiiX in the rrissi.ng words
in the text anct table. Use this urrit's ,,,rord bank N:J-/or a iictionary if necessary.

stomach arteries enaacrine trcsue units

colon trschea neuralogy celis oTgfr77s

Cur bodir, like all other iiving things, is cornposed cf t ny (l) -r*t":L- caiiei
celLs. The cel1 is the basic unit of structure and funcrion of al1 iiving things. T"rre
body Lras rniliions of (2) f'l.i i * that are grouperi accorcling to the f,unctions
tJ'rey pertorm inic tissues: rnuscie tissue produces nlovernenfl epithelial H.ssue
makes up the skin; cennective tissr.ee form,s fat, bones, and cartiiage; anci nervous
f31 tr",.'n , ,r allows cornrnunicaiion bef,ween the brain ani {ne rest of t}ie bodv,

Groups of tissue ti'rat perfornl specific runciions form argarlfr, such. as the heart,
the brain, the lungs, the triver, eic. Finaiiy, (4j a+yj{&d- that work together to do
a certain job form s;zsiems. The tabie below i&entifies the boi;,r systents, the
crgafi.s in eaci:r s",/sienl".. the reiated u',eclicai speciai$, (eniing lfr.-y arrc{ dociors
ienciing in -ist)"
i cltGANS Ild rF{E T,ILED|CF,L StrECIALTY
i

i svgrtl,t DCCTCE.
i

i!g,*: \ orthope<iics
ntusr:idoskeietai irrurccles icrthopedist

t lieurt
cardiovas cuia-r \ iloaa i cariiioio /i*iewtai ineclicne
gy-
i r5, tt',." ,"^. I cardioiogist

i ai*:rrhini: I arymz'-rLrsgv {*ose, firr*a i.

resoiratory 1 unarityt.l: i ear si I pulmonotr og-ir (1,"1n gs i
t irtrU'tix
,---- r,r,,i5Ar
, otorhinoiari.mgolegis#pwtzrr*n*gist
iot 6

. ittvto< ,

i1
 F"rJT::4*i.{!:i:i::: "

gastroerater:fi*gy i ir"lternal medj.cine

rtigestive sfi?.ai! intestitw- gastr o entee. otr o gis t/izef ernis t

excretory kitirueus
pr*ctaXogy i wology i
pr octol o g.ist/uroi o gist
biad{iey

lur i9) rr&tt t.r',8i,r*r.

rrefi/CIl},s 1 spin*i cgrd areurologist' i r'
nerues

tfui iand. ersdocri.nalog'r,

i10) il tr.{reU'r..1 adrenai ancis emdocrinoiogist

rnatre: uroiogy
I tesies i oas'nes i urologist
reproductirze
iw
I prostate I uterus
i---j--_-.--.-
mamlnfrry
femrale: g;,-necologr / abstewics
gyttecCIiogist

giand"s

I
What are tissues?
Vilhat is another .ftari're for the skin"f
/1
{Jairvcsu naffre tl-re organs si ihe di6leshve sysrerrfi
,I
?- V'flhat is uroiog,rr?
r
3, F.jCne:zs are otgay-.s oi =tthat svsterr,'!

:.. r.. : *,i r '.,i:.;.

,apPlt€abloi!
li. Lo*k atthe tabie ai:ove ani ciescri"be ti"ae hr:el=,'s.'/steytr5 r:.-cing the cnodel belou.,
Citoose {ozer systexns to eescri.be oraii1', altri *:e,* desci"ibr t}le rema-j.ning four in
'tnrtitino
'--"*'o'

Tfrc _ sltsts-nt is maae uy oi Tlrc metiical saeciaity reiated to itw

wes culo ske ie t tti sy sfuwr. is calieir,
 Suggested time: 30-4C rninutes

This test has 50 quesiions and covers the concepts and vocabriury you wil1 learn
in this course. DO hIOT use a dictionary, the word banks, or the lessons in ihis
textbook. Circie the rigtrt answers and then use the key section to total your
score. Wnte your score rn tfiis box
ata ,t . .l - a

[-_-l
Note: You will iake a post test in unit10, so you rarill be able to see your progress
(difference between post-test and pre-test scores).
1
l-. Skull means
A. brain
B. cranium
u. Jqvv

2. The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place tirrough the waLls
of airsacs and capillaries.
A. true
B. false

J. The is the muscle of the heart.

A. myocardiurn
B. riiapirragff.
C. biceps
A
The smallest blood vessels are calied veins.
A. true
B. false

5. The lower chambers of the heart are called valves.

A. true
I
B. false
I
6. Ihe inflammation of the gatrlbiadcier
L' is called cholerystitis.
I ,ft
I €i trae
B. false
i

t-' a
Phlebitis means inflammation of a vein.
t
froo"
I B. faise

a
t, ;e thyroid giand influences
I
/ metabolism

i0
 --l

't
B. immunity it
C. blood sugar ievel .:

9. A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of

6H:'
B. faise

1A. The membrane thatiines the eyeiids is cal1ed

A. retina
@ conjunctiva
C. socket

11. Ilyo, have digestive probiems rloushouid see

6i " gastroen i;roio gisl
B. a uroiogist
C. a cardioiogist

72. A neuron is a nerve celi.

@*"
B. faise

13. Each kidneri has two ureters.

A- true
@ rui*
1&. Kidneys do not filter harrnful chenicais as blood passes through them.
A. true
@ irt*
15. C-)il glancts prociuce sebum.
A. true
B. faise

"15. The external opening through which fecal, material leaves the body is
cal1ed
A. coion
B. anus
C. pancreas

17. Tne esophagus enters the stomach at the end of the sternum.

;,#:
tt
w'
t.ii
18, The adrenal glands are loca*ed
A. in the brain
E. in the peivis
C. on top of each kidney

19. The pancreas stores vitamins A,B, and D.

A. ti:ue
B. false

20. Otitis means

A. inflamrnation of the ear
B. inflammation of the evelids
C. inflamma'iion of the tongue

")1
LL. Pus co*ring out cf a wound is called plasma.
,rr. irue
B. false

n. The eardrum is a memb,rane.

A.true
B. faise

LJ. Meningitis means inflammation of the brain membrane.

A. true
B. false
'24. Urine is formed. in the
A" biadder
B. ureters
C. kidneys

25. The maie sex organs are caiied testes.

A. tyue
B. false

LA. Insu-lin, very imporiant in reguladng the blood sugar 1eveL, is produced $z
A. the pineai glana
B. the pancreas
C. the pituitary glanci

27. The heart and lungs are protecteC by

A. the rib cage
B. tire skull
C. cartilage

IL
 I

28. The inflammatisn of the cslon is cailed chorecystiris.

,!
-l
A. true I

B. faise

29. This small organ right under the liver stores bile antl pumps it into the
small intestine when we eat foods high in fat.
A. p;u:lcreas
B. bowei
C. gallbladder

30. Thetwo oval openings in fhe nose are called bronchi.

A. true
B. faise

31. Another name for the breast bone is

A. ciavicie
B. sternum
C femur

92. The brain and the spinal cord form fhe

A. central neryous system
B. brain stem
C. peripheral nervous system

33. Motor nerves curymessages frorn the sense organs to the brain and the
spinal cord.
A. true
B. false

g4. Leucorytes are white blood ce}ls.

A. true
E. false

35. The irregular bones of the spinal column are called

A. ribs
. B. vertebrae
C. framern ork :

36. The phaqvnx is an organ of

A. the respiratory system
ts. the digesnve system
C. both A and B

1a
4i

37. When the i<idneys do not work rroperiy, toxic waste accumulates ancl
-- -- -- poisons the bodpcells,-- ---
A. trr-le
B. {aise

JO. Cystitis means inflammation of the bladder.

A. true
B, false

39. The heart is situaied between ihe lungs and above the diaphragrr..
A. true
B. false

40. The nerve is responsible for the sense of srneLl.

A. optic
B. olfactoryr
C. craniaL

A1
An orthopedist is a doctor for
A. bones
B. arteries
C. the spinal cord

4./ The nephron is the iunctional unit of the kidne5r.

A. true
B. false

The word "myalgia" probabiy means

A. chest pain
B. rnuscie pain
C- stomach ache

44. On the surface of the tongue there are nerye endings that forrn
tirrough which we feel the bitier, sour.. sah.;, and sweet taste
of foocis.
A. muscie-.
B- mucus
C. taste buds

AT,
A rtrord. containing "hemati o" pertains to
A, the blood
B. the heart
C. the kidnevs

aLt
 I

..-! 1t...,nr'$##!4wry..y:r+Vr9i+e9i*F.€:EE1. : .i!!i

46, Pharyngitis is commor,rly called sore ttrroal I

A. tme
B. false

47. Another narne for the throat is pharynx.

A. true
B. faise

48. Light enters our eyes through a small opening calIed pupii.
A. nrre
B- false

49. When the diapirragm contracts and rnoves down, air is sent out of the
Iungs.
A. true
B. faise

50. An inflammatory condition of one or more ioints is called

A. artlritis
B. lordosis
C. hinge

i5
 *

UNIE 3.8: CVER.VNE"W of GRAMMAE. TC,FTCS

Unii 1: Overview- and Fre-test

Read the inforrnation below to get an idea of the grammar that wiit be covered in
this course, and then take the grammar pre-test. It is called a "pre-test" because
-you take it before you study (finish fhe course) in order to determine your score
at the beginnrng of the coruse. At the end of the course you will take a post-test,
and by comparing the pre and post-test scores you wili be able to see your
Progress.

Unit 2: Nouns and Pronouns

l.iouns name persons, things, and ideas. In 'rhis unit we wiil talk about count arrd
Irol1-count nouns, review the piurai of count nouns, alrd iearn some irregular
plurals of medical/ scientific norrns.
Exampie:

incowect and wlty?

does not take an "s" flfld shouldbe used ruith "much", not "rflany" .

Pronouns repiace nouns. Personal and Indefinite pronourls will be the focus of
our study in this unit. A common problem pertaining to the pronouns is using
them correctly (for exampie understanding the ciifference between subject anC
object pronouns and between possessive er.djectives and pronouns).
Example:

incorrect and zahy?

I

I
perform thr action.

I
I
I-Init 3: Adlectives and Adverbs
t.
I
Adjectives mociify nouns. Aciverbs rnoriify verbs. Our goai ii-r ihis unit wiil i:e to
differentiate between arijectives ancl aciverbs ani make cornparisons, with
special attention to using -ed and -ing adjectives correctly anci making tac#ul
compar$ons.
Example:

1/
l (,-
 Quesiion: Does the senience: "The pattent is boing." mefin a) ,,people are bored
by tne paiient." or b.) "The patient is bored bv people.,'?
Answer: lt means a) "Peoale are bored by the ytaiient.' (-ing adjectiaes s?wzp
the cause ol the emation, whiie thc -ed adiectiaes express the result\.

trJnii4: Verbs - Forms +nd Tenses

wiii review verb forms and tenses and

Verbs show action or states cf being. We
make sure you are able to use correct tenses (anC heiping verbs) *ith tirne
expressions.
Exampie:

this kospitat." can be summnized as a) "She worled in this itospital since 20Ab."
or b), " Sirc has ruorked in this hospital since 2006." ?

worked"), tuhich shozas that an actiaity began in the past and continues in tlu
Vresent), is the correct choice oaer sim'Die past {"zuor'ked"), zuhich siwas an
acttr:ity that began and. enrkd in the past.

Unit 5: Verbs - The Fassive

it is more converrient or important to stress the thing

The Passive is used when
done than who performed it, or when the person who did the action is nol
knoirrr. We will review and practice using passive voice in all verb tenses.
Exarnple:

hospital was built in 1.999," 7

perform the acfian, and that i,s tulny tirc sentence is in the passioe aaice.

Unit 6: Verbs - Modals

lvtrodais are verbs that express E gr&rftrria.ticai :nocd sucir as possibilit-,, clil
necessiry*, We wili ieview sonr.e coalmon mociais anct their meanings and '*ie will
insist CIn some topics, such a.s past forms of rnoclais, whicn usuaiirr pose a"
probiern to iearner; of Engiish.
Exarnpie:

ssked Vour doctar or h) you riidtt't ask your dociorT

1-f
1i
F

Unit 7: ConnecforE

Conrrcctot's/conjurtctions eve usec to connect glarnmaticai sfrucfrires and

cLauses. This rinit "w:11 ca\ler ccmrecfrrlg -worri.s or phrases v",ith ihe saille
grai:"r:naficai funcfion and expressing ca:u:se, contrast, and purpose wiih the heip
a{ t]ne most useci connectors/coniirnciions,
Exampie:

riecent Yqfue in the medical English cou?se," expresses a) contrast, b) cause,-oy

c)
purpose? Iforu can you rrphrase it7

"ILer English zues poor but slze managed to get a decent grad-e in the medica!
E-nii.L
piLEL.trL nnn,-"nn r/
VUTAI JE,
"ln soite of the fact that her Engtistt z.uos poor, she ruanaged to get a d.ecent gra6e
in the meriica! Englisit course."

{J&it 8: Phrases_and Ciauses

Phrases are groups of words that cannct function independenti,v, whereas

ciau.ses contain a subject and a verb. We wiil learn ho# to avoid corm11on
mistakes such as using incornplete clauses as sentences.
Exarnpie

acccrding to ofie's pitysicai actirszty." 7

phrase.

Uni.t 9: Effecfive Semtences

A sentence is a cornpiete tirought. This unit expiarns simple, compoun Cr, anC
cornpLex sentences.
Example:

campiex senLefice?

arud a aepencient ciau.se {.ti.uit ihe ciactct" firescribeC.")

In unit X0, yau *,ili take 4 grorl-rrri&r posi-test asrd yau v-tillbe ahie ro assess vour,
progress by comi:aring your posi a.nd pre-test resuits"

1iJ
Iii
 GH.AMMAE{ FT{E-TEST

Suggesteci time: 20 minutes

This test has25 questions and covers the grammar structures you wiil learn in
this course. DO NOT use a C,icttanary, the word banks. or the lessons in this
textbook. Circle the right arswers arrd then use the key section io totai your
a ta ..
sccre. Wnte your score rrr this box: i----l

Note: You wiil take a post test in unit LC, so you will be able to see your progress
(difference between pre-test and post test scores).

i. iiis sr-lch an _ case that everyorre is puzzled.

A. interesting
B. interesteri

L "It is possible that she declines taking experimental drugs." can be

reph-rased:
A. Sire shouiri riecline taking experimentai drugs.
B. She might d.ecline bking experirnental drugs.
C. She would decline tukir,g experirnental drugs.
D. She will deciine taking experimentai drugs.

3. Most healthcare professicnals agree tha.t communicaticn sloils

arevery important.
A. the,v're
ts. their
C. theirs

4. T'he patient is sometimes when he is ieft completeilT alone.

A. bored
i}. boring

5. "It uzould have been a good idea to see ti:re cardioio$.st, bui you diein't."
ccuid be rephraseC:
A. You might have seen the cardiologist.
E. You shouiC'nave seen th.e carciiologist.
C. You must have seen the tatdioir:g1st.

6" The sentence "Although she u.ndervrient surgerir two months ago, bui the
wound has not healed." is grarnmaCcaily correct.
A. irue
B. faise

19
 s
:i:
7- This hospitai has medicai equipment of ail hospitais in town.
A. more efficient
B. most efficient
C. the less efficient
D. i*re ieast efficient

B. "If your condiiion gets worse. You should cail us." is correct as
punchrated.
A. true
B. false

g. The sentence "The doctor is well-qualified but a iittie impatiently." is

grarnmaticaliy correct
A. true
B. faise

10. }Ie is at the thought of having his kidney removed.

A. frighteneci
B. frightening

11,. Neither the instruments nor fhe table been sterilized yet.
A. has
B. have

12. the shipping delay, the new stethoscopes arrived on time.

A. In spite of the fact that
l
B. Although
C. Despite
I
i3. At this time tomotrrow, the surgeon hrs hands in preparation
for the flrrgery.
A. will be scrubbing
E. will scrub
C. scrubs
D. wili scrubbing

L4. The sentence t'Because of Brenda has many cavifies, she avoids sweets," is
grammaticali;rr correct.
A. True
B. False

I
l
15. The nurse the patient's blood pres$ure by the time the doctor
arrive-s tomorrow.
[ .,,

:...

..' 2A

[..,
 A. has checked
B. wtTlhave checked
C, wiltr be checked

16. Jt was who ca.lled in sick.

A. I
B. m.e

17. The nurse fhought she the patient how to take the medication, ,

but she hadn't. i

A. teils
B. has told
C. had toid

18. "His fractr:re was being set by the doctor." is the passive voice of
A. "Ihe cioctor is setting.his fracture.
B. The d.octor has set his fracture.
C. The doctor was setting his fracf.rre'

19. The top doctors to receive special awards'

A. will select
B. will be select
C. will be selected
D. be seiected

20. "Patients' relatives will not be ailowed beyond this point'" means
A. Patients' reiatives will not ailow beyond this poini.
B. They will not allow patients' relatives beyond this poinl

21. The sentence "Pa.ramed.ics, as weli like ER doctors, work directiy with
patients. " is gra:rrmatically incorrect-
A. true
B. faise

A. us
B. we

2g ,,He might have left his prescription at the hospital'" means:

A. It is possible that he iefi his prescription at the hospiiai'
B. it is certain that he left his prescription at the hospital.
C. He usually ieaves iris prescription at the hospiial'

21
#,

H
LA
24. "T'llere must have been some miscommunicati.on between the
ophthaknoiogist and his assistant." means
A. Otrviously there was some miscommunication between the
ophthalmoiogist and his assistant.
B. We are urcertain there was any rniscommunication between the
ophthalmologist and his assistani.
C. Perhaps there was some miscommunication befween the
ophttralnnoio gist and his assistant.

25. The doctorpostponed surgery

A. because the patient's reservations.
B. because of the patient's reservations.
C. becar:se of the fact thatthe patienfs reservations.

lii

ii.

[:..j
72

t .,
 . .:, :::i-n

Ui\iXT 3.C: SYVIPT0k{S A-N

Go over the vocabrrury list below the tabtre. Uacieriine the words you are familiar
witl"r artd.f or those You can guess, and write them in the first coiurnn in the tabie.
Then practice their nronunciation.

Go over the vocabulary list again. This time circle the unfamiliar words, and,
write them in the second coirrrnn in the table. Then check their meaningin your
lan gua ge . Finally, pra ctice their pronunciation.

Worcis you know or you can Nelt, words and meaning in youi
ess lan
Exampie: Exampte: Oru/Ug = cofrt//.278, {/fiffitfrle

,bscex {noun) *r{ling of tlgow as o ,etuff o{

infecfion
^n
acaie ta$ecfne) ,tkiiry to a condi{ion rr liturtt frtaf heqins:ui/ur$ ond6^t o

tfrorf, ievere caurre

afferyic fa$utiue] vety sensifiue to cartain me/icafions anr{/o, suhstances

angina
feciorb fnouni
se{rere crtest pan, canse{6y insfficienf fi{ooitrppty fo tfre freart
muscle
. i | ,t f
arrrtqfrtmia {nounJ lrfeqular keartbeat

hocrt*cfre {nounJ in thc reaion o{tit ilocfrur:fiine

fain
${ediry [nounJ {oinot {rkrd
6frtt , {noun) {oca{s*ef{inq of f6t srtin
J'J
ilat con'ains' water ano/ can 6u ,*utei io,4

hurninq or frrifat'ion

11
LJ
I pwtsure r'nowni
6kri i:Jj firesture eyenel {n4 frte 6hod- aaainsf fhe wa{i sl' ti}e 6ioo{ uuseis,
especia{k t6e arteriet

rtoi{ fnoun) Ba;niu{ pu:-fi{e{ in{{ammation o{ tfie ,{<in oni tislue coustd hy
, f !.
|T[e1tr0n

brwise {nouni tissue iniun4/

,tJ contuion characterize{ fi',a sfun d?sco{orarion iue ia
a-oiri ulr{uosr{,
inoun)
cfri{f fuuliry o{to{/onf:friuerin7, sometimes vriffr frtqrt feuer
' co{/rueat fnoon| llfiersfiirat'ion
,rd thifft tausr{ fnq
J'i
nefitousnesr', fu^r, or fsain

, uarnits inounJ pain{u{wnfractions in ffre ahdamen

cuanoi: [naunJ sfun rtsro{oration resu{tinq frorn insufficien{ ofrlqenatiorr of fhe
3"..."",..Ji|t.JJ
,
t Lr^^"f
rJtuu{A
,

{nouwl
{e6u{ra{;on eTcess'fve {ot of waier {nam tfie [o{3
', dr*o fnouil o{ epwst water/f{uidin ,r[t oo hssues
^crunnukfion
r.,r t lf--. lr f'ff !'
' tnounJ
yaint swdden, usuallj hrlef bJJ 0f c1wcl1usne:t
r " 'i
r r' {nounJ extreme ul'vu{ta)/
oxlrarrte -- - 617 eyces:sfue
ww{trta-D cauxr{
tire{ness:/wearine-r: , 'J''""'' ot' rnentai
tpfiu:ica{
fanque J
achvifi

rta4 feuer
Jt
fnounJ aferqic ronrtfio, {nsua{fi
t
to poffeni o{frtt rsrtrira{ory sryste*r,
, t . fr ,"r. , {
characterizel ly nasal discharSe, sneezinS, and waterw a4es

impafrmenf [noun| weafreninS, o{^*^gr, o, rtfrriorotion, u{tccia{{y

^t ^
nesuif cl

iUury on dittot,

fi'tottaesfion lnounj ihe rnaitiliry fo frgutlimyt*{,u$ {tgwfinq foor{

infkwnation {noun} reacfion o{fiss*e to irritation, iylwry, or *fiecfion, cfinracierizeci

l' rt3 pain, rr{nrrr, *"/*u{'t1g

r;:,':;:,).,
r ;:,:;::,r:,;;,:;::,:{;:;,':'#,:,r.n:nine
I b^/trt't ,ieiivent
l- wiqraine inouni ieueru hr^i^crtt, sometimes'accompanieal b,1 nawsea

n,r*[rner [rtown)
1
ina{ti{iw or io feef:envntion or finin
I famnl'inobiitu

I
24
t
t
 Ccvey fire definitions artd go ri<t-r,sr"e Lire.ijst h. ing to explain each
terrninoi.ogy iiem in your own words.

'Wffi& What's the Engiish for acl*, aeshid,ratsrs, ed{:rrc, inftamaiie?

l{nat's the Romanian for bruise, iaint,,iatigue, itchT

' Use ihe Engiish words in Appiication 2 in seniences of your own.

Circle the correct definition:

1". Biister
A. swei.l.ing of the jaw as a resuli of an infecdon
B. iosing biooci
C. local swelling of the skin that ccntalns waEe;, caused btlbumingor
irritation

Arrhyf,imia
A. loss of consciousness
B. irritating skin sensation causing a desire to scratch
C. irregular heartbeat

J. Edema
A. conft'acfi.ons causing pain ire tire abdomen
E. accurnuiation of r,vaier/fluid in celis or tissues
C. contusion

+- Angina pectoris
A. discomiori or pain in the back
B" severe chesi pain, caused by insufhcient biood supvly to the heart
muscie
C. perspiraCon and. chilis caused. by nervou.sness, fear, or pain

). Fatigue
A. excessive ioss of water fuow the bociy
B. ph;rsical or rnental tiredness or weariness
C. sensitivi$ to certain n'redications
T+ni-
ITLiT

A. irntating skin sensation callsiing a ciesire to scra-tch

B. feeiing of coiC and shiveti*g
C" skin discoloration ciue to pc>or oxygenation of dre biooC

7, tsoii

Z:
 !,1

i*:

A. tissue reaction to irritation,:-nju:ry, or infection, characterizedb,v

pairr, reciness, and sweiiing
B. painrul, pus-filied inflamrnation of the skin and tissue usually
caused by infection
C. skin riiscoioration

8. Numbness
A. Inability or partial inability to feel sensation or pain
B- weakening, darr:rage., or deterioration
C. sudden loss of consciousness

g. Cyanosis
A. sicin discoioration resuiting f,rom inadequate oxygenation of the
blood
B. inabiiilv to digest or irnproperly iiigesting food
C. aiiergic con<iition

10. impainnent
A. severe headache
B. weakenin g, dawtage, or deterioration, especially as a result of injury
or disease
C. relating to a condition or disease that begins suddeniy

2{t
 UF.JHT 1T,I: UiT{gT 1 Pit.ACTTCE
"F.AI\SSLATEGN

Listen to each sentence in B below and repeat

it in Engiish:

Translaie the foilowing sentences into

1. Her condition is the result of severe bieeding.

2. The Coctor scheciuied a test to <ietermine the causes of your cramps.
3. He is very worried because his wife has been in iabor for six hours.
4. The n'urse wouid iike to kno-ar irow you got these bruisee.
5. The patient reported acute pain.

Romanian into Engiish:

L. EdemuL poate avea nurnercase cattze, inclusiv inflamafie sau st5ri

alergice.
2. Crice amortpald sau senzafie neobignuitd necesitt ateniieiingrilire
medicaii rrompti.
3. Ciwtaza se vede cel mai ugor pe buze,limbi si unghii.
4" Angina pectoralE poate surveni in timpul exercipuiui fizic, ernopiior
puternice sau temperaturilor extrerne.
5. Dacd suferi de indigestie, ar kebui sE eviii anumite alimente.

,}B','S#sr-4.#Ank,Eratti.cb The fcliowtng ten vocabuiary iierrts are from thi.s

unit's word bank: backache, biister, boil, fingentails, itch, numbrless, wtl,lssti,
aaramedics, plas, saub. Use thern in sentences oi Your own.

27
!',
s

LTf-{tr? 3 n{*f'{ffi BA}qlK

l"lse the aocabulary itenzs in this u'nit's uord" bank as needed, ior lessons, aypitcattons,
quizzes, and translstion practice, uniess othern)ise indicateri. You zuill encounter marry of
tlese worrk in othey units' aacabulary banks, and sc,'by reueaied use, yow zaiil master
thernby the tirne yau fiwish this textbook. This unit incluaes the following:

" 2A: The Muscuioskeletal System

" 28: Iiouns snd Pronouns
"* 2C: Symptoms P-Z
2D: Trsnsiation Prsctice

ankie: giezmd
app ointune nt pro g r asaaa e/ pLan if ic are { t a me &ici ; intfr inir e i a ot b i'txd
assurances: gatant'i, asigurlri {verbale sau scrieei
backbone: gira spilrt*rtrt, coloani vertebralS
b aXi-an d-sock et j oints: articteiafii sf eriee ilibere)

ito) bend: a ?ndoi.

bqlnes: oase
hreastbone: osutr pieptuiui. stez'n
burning pain: s*lrizafie de arsue6
carti.iage: carhlai
{tci caugh up: a tugi", erpectora (coaaghed up: expectorat}
itoi ccrnpiain: a se pli:rge
duiS pain: durere surdE" dt{wzb
riaetle s: responsa hilitXii, indatoriri { d e s erviciu}
forearm: antebra!
fe asrework: structnr}., cad-ru., carcas6
heipful: serviabi.I, sEliior, de aftlt<lr
hinge ioints: articrelatii ilt balama (hixnge: balarna)
s:ip: soid
iiasurance: asigurare
iaw: rnaxilar, rnandibuXE, falc'a
ioints: incheieturi, articuiatii
{e,o; ittmp tc conciusioats: a *age concluazii pripite
kwee: gentrnchi
k;leecap: rotula
t- i.igantents: trigalt:rente
ianab: mernbru {m*rnH sau Piciori
r irlss: pierdere
I
lo

ri
medicaS records: fige medicatre
need.les: ace
occu.rring: care survi.ne, ar,ate, se produce
ore anci off pairt du.rere internritent5
fallor: paloare
phlegrn: {LerytEt
pilXs: piiuie
pivot ioints: articuiatii pivotante ide ex. baza craniulrri)
receptionist dispecer, receptioner, sor5. de cabinet
red ularrow: miduvl rogie
(toi rernove (surgicaliy): a extirpa, a scoate (prin operafiel
ribcage: cufia toracici
ribs: coaste
schedule: plan, program, ora$ (to) schedule: a programa, plaaifica, fixa
sharp pain: durere acut6
chin. {i.r"ior:nl nie,inrrllr:; fihip
sighil vedere, simt-uX v6zului
skeietal muscles: mugciri scheletici
ekeieton: schelet
skull: craniu
smoot{"1 muscles: muqchi netezi
sore: irrfl.amati e, r anh; inflamat, dureros
sore throat: durere in git (to have a stlre throat a-} durea gatui)
swall owing: inghitit, inghilire
swelling: umfi Xtur E, remflar e
swoilen: r*.mflat
thigh: coapsii
throbbing pain: durere pulsatilE,ln puseuri
tcnsiis: aaaigdale
vertebrae: vertebre
rrround: ray:rb
wris* tncheiet""rra nadinii

)a
E UNIT 2A: EHE MUSCUI,OSKELE?AL SYSTEM

T'FTE SKEI-ETON

i. Why is the skeieton important for our body?

2. Do all bones in our body have tlae same shape?
3. Whai bone protects our brain?
4. 1{hat is the rib cage?
5. llow a-re bones connected to each otf,rer?

W*, Choose from the box beLo.,ir to fiil in *e missing'words

in the text and tabie. Use this unit's word bank and/or a dictionary it necessary.

l
I irvtpp argfriis OCTLil oones
skeieton joints ear caicium

The skeieton is the framework of the bodiz: it supports our body and gives it
shape. It ccnsists of 2A6 bones of ciifferent shapes and sizes. Your upper and
iower arms and legs have iong bones. The wrist and ankie (1) are
cubelike, short bones. The skuii and the ribs are exarrrples of flai bones. The
spinal coiurnn is made up of irreguiar bones calied vertebrae.

Besides being the framework- of the body, the (2) has manrr other
runctions. First of ali, it aiiows movemenL muscles attached to the skeleton
(skeletai muscies) contract and p'.r11 upon bones. Some parts of the skeieton
protect the internal (3) for example, the rib cage protects the heart
and lungs; the skull proiects the braj.n. Finally, the skeieton stores minerais, such.
as (4) and long bones contain red marrow, which is the site of biood
celi fornration.

ini.]ren0Se/throat,(5)-,anciiirotherpartsoftheborJythereisatcugh
eiastic Cssue called cariiiage. it fcrms mosi of the skeieir.-rn in infanc-y,, changing to
bone ciuring growth.

iicnes are connecteci atJornrs, for exarnple tire {6) L.r1

eibor,r,. Tirev ar:e heiC together ai joints bv iigarnenls; besicles

Iisafiients, rnanv joints nave protective carti.iage {7'1
anC iigarnents iet bcnes mol,'e idre:e are aisc joints rhat are
t immobiie). Your elbow and knees can bend back anci forilr (in
oiri3r e11g d-irecuon), iike rhe l'ringe oi:a. door", because they have

t 30
lf
i'ringe joints. )'ou can (8j -_-.- rhe heaci anci iook over the shouider riue to
the pivot joint that connects the heacl to the backbone. Yoi;r shouiders have bail-
and-socket joints ihat allow us to move them in ait directions.

Based on the text above, iill in the missing worCs in the chart beiow. Tnen write
two paragraphs about the skeietai system: one about its functions, and one about
rhe size and shape of bones.

The Skeleton = 205 bones

size anci shape of bones

e tu/Vorfr fle 6oS.$raut ttl"ft " 6y brurl t?/cran/hanonwantfur

i ilari fruief{a/ lonet. wnitanahndti

o 7rufecbnfarna/oyant ,'$r{an/n6t

ffreaukriofle:.

1. What are the functions of the skeieton?

How man-y trones are there in the human body?
3. What parts of the body ha,re short, cubelike bones?
+- Where in the bociy cio n'e have hinge joints?
E lArhat are the vertebrae?
6 What is carhiage?

The foliowing words are related to ciiseases/conditions of itre skeieton: al'thritis,

osteoporosis, lordosis, _flexion. Wrife iheir defi.nition in Engiish b..z locking at rte
word parts beioir,. The first one is d.one for you.

arthr : joint
- itis : infiammaCon
oste = bone
 - ion = process of
fiex = benci
poro = pores in ihe bone
- sis = abnormal cond.ition
- osis : process of
lord = b'ending backward

\- tf ,r. f/ t. f
i> a?^thntr* lt4r/ammanoil o/ao///i
I

t fleyion;

wffi
You are probabiy famiiiar with the meciicai terrns of the bones, so you might
want to familiarize with the iay terms as weII. Look at the skeleton and table
below, and then answer the following questions:
c What is the lay term for pateila?
o Can you nanle the bones ol t}'e forearrn?
li o \{hat is the medical term for the collar bone?
o What is the medical term for the thighbone?
o What is the scapuia?
o What is another word for siern?

humalt nkeletsn
A, {ranium
E. vertehren E1'

f . sternurr
D. ribrs
f, il-iurn D
F. sai rum
6, r: 13[ ( !']{
H, pubi:
i. iErhium
l-, ulna
f4 , ra,iiu s
tl, rBrEUs
8, InetararFUs
F', r,halanEeE
dl, feru r
R, FEtEl-ta
5, tibia
i, fihuia
U, tErsuE
T, netatarsus

JL

t
 i LAY IERIVI
I Craffurn
iaw bone mandibie
coLLarbone ciavicle
i breasibone sternum
i hrrmerus
toreart, I radius and uina
ivic sirdle
thiqh bone

L0 i shinbone tibia and hbu"ta

shoui<ier biacie scapula
rib cage
13 i backbone

MUSCT-ES

i. WW are muscles irnportant {or our lrociy?

2. Are there rnuscles in the stomach? Can we controi thern?
3. Can we choose to move our leg rrmscles?
tnraft,iqgffi#:li Choose front the box beiow to fili in the mrssing rvords
in the text and tabie. Use this unit's word bank ana.ior a dictionar,r if necessary,

inaaiuntary

-body .*rith the i-leip ci our

Viie move, maintain our posirrre anci (1)
muscles. There are or/er 600 ciifferent rriuscles in1he hurna-n brsdy, ani ihe3,
account for aimost haif cf our body weight. M'.rscles classiS i,nto rrarious tyces,
accordrng tc their function:

Skeletal muscies, aiso caiied voiuntary muscies (they are undei cui conscisils
control, so r /e can choose to i'ilove themi mo\ue tne boner:. Thu-r are aitached. tr.:
ti:e 'ncnes of &e (2) and are r*aie up of bur'.dies of muscie ceiis
(muscle fiber).

J.-_1
 #

Srnooth (3) also calleri invoiu.ntary muscles (they are rtot ur-tcier our
------, are found in some of the internai organs, suci'l as the stornach
conscious controlr\,
iniesiine, and blood vessels.

The cardiac rnr:scle, or myocardium, is found in the hear! and it is an {4)

rnuscie.

1,. Approximateiy how many muscl.es are there in ihe human body?
t)
Why are the skeletal muscles called voiuntary muscles?
Can you give examples of involuntary muscles?
A What is the heart muscl"e cailed?
"] FIow much of your body weight is muscles?

The following worcls are related to rhe muscular system and cond.itions
associated with it: atrophy, myalgta, intramuscttlz1 fieuromuscular, physiotherapy.
Write their definition in English by looking ai the word parts below. The first one
t,
is done for you.
L
a: without
troph: nourishment
-Y:processof
fibro = iiber
my = muscie
-algia = pain
intra : into
muscul = muscle
-av : pertaining to
neuro : nerve
phvsio = nalure

mwaioia; muvcle hain

JJI
mtramutculfrf:
\- t
n0uf?mLiJCul^trl
f .r
thhusfotheralru:
J l-/

t
a1
l4+

t
 {w:w x

Tlte belo*,' provides sclrfie exampies of rnuscies, their locatiol-1, anrl functio::.
ta'o'Le
Can ygu filtr in the rnissrng intorrnatioru'based cn tire pich:re? Hint Nkatrnuscles
arc iocated- on the chest, respectiveiy the r{os?

[ruartrg i i-OCATlOlv FUIJCTJCi\j

1"
I aapez*ss t DzcY, of tne necl( ane ffroves the shouicier
upper back
i ci.eitoid shoulcier I moves the r.r
pectoralis fiexes the u
i ljilDef a-rfi,} I fie:<es iororer arlF,
s brachu tei:loi ai:m extenis the iower arm
oblique fiexes thre spinai coiunul,
ccmpresses abd orninai cavitir
'i dyanhra )*1(1 nffiar,, s breathins

W{s*EEr#

*",,.. -- iS{'tr+d. &}{t&*r44€A#/:

'i ".,.

l'icrrn'iake t,;rn* asktrug and answertn,6 'lhe fciicw.-ing qi-eesii*rrs:

c ./iirzere is the deltoid located-?
c Fihici"t muscle fiexes ihe spiurai cr-t'i=cr*n?
o *..&'krat fi;.nction can the devtrtici pettcrm?
c Vv'hich muscie heiPs breatitng?
o f/hich rnuscJ.e Lrloves the sh';ulder?

.ir.,.
s
I
-'
.

i,
Circle the correct answer:

L. The ireguiar bones of the spinal colurnn are called

A. ribs
B. vertebrae
C. framework

2. The tough elastic tissue found in th,e nose and ear is cailed
A. ma:row
B, joint
C. cartilage

3. Your elbow and knees harre

A. pivotjoints
B. iringeloints
C. baii-anci-socket jornts

The heart artd itmgs are protected by the

A. rib cage
B. skull
C. cartilage

5. An unusuai lrrward curving of the spine in the lower part of the back,
which may be meciicall.y significant, is called
A. lordosis
B. osteoporosis
C. flexion

6. An inflammatory condition of one or more joints is called

A. artfuitis
B. iordosis
C. hinge

7 Invoiuntary muscies are founcl

A. in ihe arrns
B. in ihe legs
C. in some intemai organs

B. The muscle of your heart is

A. the rr,yocardium
B. myalgia
C. a voiuntary muscie
:

-l

i:
36
l.
t,
9. lvfrascLes tb"a-i aye under sur ccrriici aie cauei
A. sn-ooofh muscies
A. voluntary mu.scies
C. invoiunf,ary muscies

i0. There are bones in tne hunran bociy.

A. 60A
B. 2A3--
c. 2a6

a4
tr

;ilkigT 2E: N*UNS and FRIINGUI{S

1\ M naxnes a person {man, w}yse, siuaent, Mr. Brazon, etc.), tJring ineedie,
hospitai, medication, chair, etc.), or idea (integnty, patieruce, uaiue, fear, etc.).

Nouns can be ciivicieci info nouns which can be counteri and take Nr " s" (count
nouns) and nouns which cannot be counte<i and usually do not take an " s" ir'ort-
count nouns):
count nouns norr-count nourrs

BUT ssme salt

I muc'h satt
ifeu: neeales
needles
I
't
a great mwmber of I

Count noims take " s" ar "es" (nourts ending in -ss, sh, -x, -ch takg " in the
pirlrai:
"r")
panent - patients
bone -hanes
tendofl - tendons
fturse - nurses
rpish- - toishes
box - boxes
process -processes
- iexes
tcx
Couat nouns that end tr,. "v" take "ies" {"y" charrges irto "i') w'hen befate "1i"
there is a crxsonant:
snomsiu - anamalies
deficiency - defi.ciencies
alie':ga - ailergies
extremtry - ertrennties
Scme count noufls that enC "rr, "ff te" ta-ks "ves" ("{" changes intc "v"} in tire
uiuraj.:
t
life - liues
haif - raiaes
knije - kniaes

rX
Ctirer cou.ni ncu:rLs, especiai-lv soure meiricallscientiiic fi.ollxts, are i.rregs.Lar ani
{ta n#t teke " s" ot " es" *:r tne piurai, eg.
arnlysis - anaiyses {note how dte -is eniing changes into -esi

formuia - iorrnulae {note how the -a end"ing changes into -ae)

uertebra * aryiebrae {nate hov,r the -a ending chanses into *ae)

bacterium - bacteria {note hoy.r the -um enriing changes i:rto -a)
datwn - data (note how the -unl enciing changes into -a)
gangliore - ganglia (note how the *on enciing changes into -ai

appendix - apaendices (note how the -x ending changes into -ces)

thcrax - thoraces (note how the -x ending changes inio -ces)

stimuius - sttmuli (note how the -us enCing changes into -i)
f^c,.ngus - ftngi (note how tfre -us encii:rg changes into -i)
streptococcus - streptococcl {note how the -us ending changes into -i}

Remember you can use:

each, eaery, singie, one, antd a witr,. singui.ar nouns

batk, ftuo, many, se,Jeral, and,sartous with piurai r.'!.ouns.

second, arrd- thiri person) and ca:r be iivided intc subject pronoul1s, o-biect
pronouns, artd possessive pronouns (see table below). A colrlrflon probierr
periaining to pronouns is u.ncierstaading the difference beiween subjeci and
aoiect prorroues anci between possessive arijec$ves and pronouns.

I nr rcr-ar
lt- JUDltr'-t rtRTtra-r
illvr'r!r-r PCSSESSIVE ]?OSSFSSIVE i
i

i PRONOtii{S I PR.CNTCUhIS PRC} IOUNS AIITECTryES i:

I vour v \J Lri .)

her:;

39
tr

A suirject Prononn is the sublect of a verb - perforrns iire acticn o{ the verb. An
o$ect pronoun receives the action of the verb:

The dwtor gaae the resuits ta the nurse.

IIe gaae the results to her.
Or

-irv-iriie
snow wno or witat owns a noun. a
possessive adjective describe a noun, so it has to be foliowed by a nor.:.n, the
possessive pronoun takes the piace of a noun:

is it her cho.rt? ii's

+i
possessrve i
Yes, hers,

aciiective
I

+ v
rroun possessive pronoun

tjsing correct pronoun reference is also very important:

The patients zaill be zteru upset if we mal<c him zuait longer. (ittcowect)
The pat'ients zuill be zsery upset if ue mak thqLzaait longer, (correct)

refer to people and things in general {some of them are

adjectives ): & anothe.r, anybody, *nything, @fu each, either, eoerybody, martv, U7EL
neither, nona, ane, other, etc. Most of them require a singular verb (the underlined
ones require a piurai verb when foiloweci by plural nouns):
N either vrocedttre i.s expensioe.
Eueryb o dy recornmenas this hosvital.
N{ost patients complain showt thts symptom.

reiate (conneci or explaini one part of a sentence to a rvord in

another part of the sentence. trVe generaliv use rolto aad that tc refer to peopie,
,-na ruhich arld that for things,
Tlzepatient z.rlho canrc. in yesterday is uery sick.
Thts is the interyreter tha.t we. Lired last time.
Your medical record., which irtciudes your healtl', history, is conVd.enttai.
Shoru me the results t'hat the lab sent.

40
g,$iF#UEi* Divirie the fotriowing nouns into count (C) ancl non-colr.nt (I.JCi:
a. svmptom e- infori-nation
b. limb . f employee
c. equipment g" ad-vice
d. tross h. hospital

H # Correct *re sentences:

After the negoiiati.ons, the,v made much changes rn their proposaL.
The arnount of oeople sfuciyrng rnedical Engiish is increasing.
A iarge amount of pafients comulained about the quaiiry of healthcare.
Tire radioiogist iici not give rnany inlormatron,
She rmust take severai piil every iay.
M*y i:rterpreter coltrabora.te with ihis hospital.
aiarge amortnt of the facts in tire meriicai report are incorrect.
The cioctor gave the patieni much assurances that he wouLd get better
soon.
i. Both nurses have various C.rry to cornplete tonight.
i. There are iess rnen than wonien working in the ER.

UAAs$jlA*:{ Rewrite the sentences bv fcrrning the piurat of the words in iialics
i*C make other changes if necessary):
1. The formula contains manv nutrierut"
Z. Physicai abnannality at irirth is rare.

3. Tnis is a cervicai ueriebra,

4. She compiains about her gangiiorz.

5. He is scireduled to have hzs avperudix vernoved to<ia-v.

Ar,

Prac.fi{ei,D Clroose ilre correct pronou:.ls:

i. Fie and (.i/wei wcrk together.
2. This contra.ct is between the insurarrce company an<i (her/she).
3. It r,r,as (we/us) who maie d:ie ernergencv ce,'-s:.

4. The test w-as done by (thev /*rera)

5. The receptionist was very heipfui to (she/her).
A1
-tt
s
6. we nnustmake every effort to heip (our/ours) patienb.
7 These aren't your records; thev're (her/hers).
8. The doctor thinks that (his/he's) s5rmptoms are unusual.
9. Most interpreters realize that (their/theirs) oral communication skil1s ar,*:
rrerv important.
10. Please $-,te (we/ us) yourmedicaiinsr:rancenurnber.

Choose the correct form of tfre words between brackets:

1. Every procedure (hav e / has) certain requiremenB.
a Both insurance
z. companies (need/needs) to raise their prerrriums.
J. Everyone must fili out (his/their) rnedical history form.
4. Either the patients or the interpreter (is/ a,re) asked to sched.uie the next
appointrnent.
5. Neither the doctor nor his assistanc (havei has) this patiutt before.

A'
aL
 Lih{ET' 2C: SYEzEPTG&{S tr-E

Go over the r.'ocabolury 1i.st beicw Lhe tabie. Underline tiee words vou are famiUar
vrifh a*df or those you call guess, and wri.te them in the first column in dre tabie.
Tlten practice their pronunciation.

Go over the vocabuiary List again. 'lhis time circie the unfarniliar words, and
wmte them in the second column in the table. Then check their meaning jn vour'
ian gua ge . F irrally, practice their p ron unciaiion.

Worcis you know or you can lJew woris anri meaning in vour
ian
lf, /L,
Example: twe//tnq : artr//c[uto
-
Example;

pain fnoun] unp{easan{ sensation occwrnng in olirasei ean rte ftuwinq,

fain
r:owtant, /u[{, o, *n/16, r6onli, fLrobfitng
y,n[{or (noun} hartney'o{srtin
, ^ [ r. rrr f t .ri , t--
fironq hut:ations 0[t tne kefrrL w|tn ,frti ?nc?"afr:e ln fvequena4 0/
l,aipiiafions {noun} .,t i I ;',

r0rct
frticfi-mucus seuetei 6y tfre wa{: of frte re.spiraiory iract {ae ic
lthtgrw {noan}
tniecil0n

frremature (*$ ) occwrrina or ,frur{onina \tione ffre usuai'r exfrecteo{

i - 'i iime
-l
. f r I I
ll0tl,ri ln?ui'u *6i{iy r, tu,
J1re {nafin j otten s$n {esion, woun{, a, u{ce,

J?rc
tt f
ifir06[ {n1unJ
/ I

infkmwation o{tfru ton$6, nfraT nV, ,n [^,yn7 ciaraCerize/ h4

hain in ruatiowfna
I'j

{-J
#

t7asn] {nounJ ,ud{u* invoiuniarj aanfuac{ion of o rnnx{,nryrouf oirnusetes

sfsutum
I
{*ouri wafter/wucus cougfref up onl wua{{w Wfei{e lfr* the rnoufil

sufiocafa [ver6l imfiair tfre resfiirafion

*u{fing {noun} ,wo[u* 6ofj porf * orto

unconscious {4,1 nof conscious/in a staie of mcontciouJner-t

Cover the definitions and go down the list trving to expiain each
terrrrinology item in your own words.

l4llrat' s the En glish f or dur e r e pwl s atil d, p alpit atii,,fl, Wd, y alo ar e ?
What's the Romanian for dwllpain, sight, sore thraat, swelling?

Use the Engiish words in Appiication 2 in sentences of your own,.

Circle the correct answer:

1". A sudden involuntary contraction of a muscie or glouP of muscies

A. spasm
B. sputurn
C. pain
2- An open skin lesion, wound, or u1cer.
A. palior
B. phlegm
C. sore
g. Occurring or developing before the usuai expected time
A. pain
B. preataiure
C. unconscious

4. Sirong pulsations cf the heart, usually with an increase in frequency cr

force
"i\. spasm
B. paloitations
C. swelling
- Mabter or rnucus coughed up and usually expelieci frorn the mouth.
A. sweiiing
ts. spasfil
C. sputum
tt,

A /r.
++
 -JitgT 1*: LIF#-IT !. ?il.f"NSLA?lGlH IlFi.AC?trCE

.;y,,,fuftemag,ftte*tisn 'raefiicB i-isten to eacir sentence Ln E belo'ar anii rei:eat

it in Engiish.

Transiate the following sentences into

Romanian:
i. The patient compiaineri about pajn in the region of the cer'-,icai vertebrae.
2. She coughed up a iot of sputum vesterda-7.
3. Either the nurses or the doctor answ-ers the phone when the receptionist is
away from her desk-
4. "M), assista-nt and I will check.your sight", t&e ophthairnoiogi.st sai'i.
5. It was i who calleci 911 when m,v sister was i-ulconscious.
5. You rnust take these pilis to controi )/olir pa-ipitahcns.
7. Ilre nurse was very heipful to her when she *.vas rn a lot of pain.
B. Those medicai records aren't yours; they're his"

Transiate tire foliowing sentences frorr:

Rornanian into Engiish:
1,. Sd nn ne pripim si fragem cancluzii prematrri'e.
2. DoctoruI,;i cu €a sunt rie acord cd apenriicele tdu trebuie scos.
3. Mai pupni bdrbaii clecAt fernei au rilers ia endocrinr:log azi"
4. Nici asistenta, nici rnedicii il.: au observat paioarea pacientuiui.
i. Rezultateie'irirnise <ie iaborator aratd cauza crampeior tale.
6, Clfita toractcl. ili orareleazd plirndnii gi inima.
7. Frobierr,a este artrita, a stare infiasratorie a incheref.rnloi.
3. CAnC ?F vorn scoate ganglionii, aceasid. suprafala nu rra rnai fi umtlatE,.

*a;,;,?sfelr,t.G.: ,i,Ifuastic* The foiiowlzrg: ien ';ocabuiary iterns ave frorn this
unit's wor,C bar-rk: skuli, inaoiunl.ctru muscies, rfisrroll, bttli-an-socket ioinrt;.
zr:auncl, tririst, iimb, neeiies, kneecn"s, au!.i pein. Use tirem in sentences *f vo#r
OVr'I]r.

t<
 U}dE? 3 WORD EANK

Use the uocabulary items in tltts unit's zoord bank as needed, for lessons, appiicaiions,
quizzes, and i-, ansiation practice, unie ss othenuise indicated. You will encounter many o.i
these words in oths uniis' oocabuiary banks, and so,'oy repeated use, you tuiil mastet'
them by t?te iirne you fintsh this textbook. Thts unit incluaes t?te follawing:

, 34: The Caraioaascular Sastem

" 38: Adjectiaes and Adaerbs
, 3C: Clinical Proceriures A-A/
a
-
?h, 'T-n-"ln#a-
Jr,, i 4TLJLGLLVIL
Dvnr*iro
L,&LLLLL

atrortiort: a-vort provocat, intrerupere de sargit:t5

amni o centesis: amniocentezE
rrFprioe' s'r*or.o
auscultation: a{u}sculta}ie (ascultare a zgomotelor produse de organele
interne!
(to; be adrnitted into the hospital: a fi internat in spital
(toi be drawn oufl a fi extras
bill: facturh,bort, noti de platd
birth control: contraceptive gi planning famiiial
blood: sAnge
blood pressure tensiune arteriaii
biood tes* anaiize d.e singe
lrlood vessels: vase sang*ine
breasts: s6.ni
eapillaries: capilare
car d.iovas ci.Li.ar sy $te m: sistemul cardiovas cular
{toi care for: a ingriii
chesfi piept
d,eoxy ge*ated. blooC: sfrnge neoxigenat
double pump: pcrnpi ciublE (pump: pompii
drawer: sertar
en<iotracheal iniuhati on: intubafie end ofrah ealX
(to) exhale: e expira
foreskin: preput
(to) frighten: a speria, ingrazt., in{ricoga
generatr anestheizafion: anestezie general6
Eerms: microbi, agenli paiogeni., bacterii
hearr: inimE
heart chambers: camerele inimii

45
{fo} ho}ci one"s brea{h: a-oi tine respiralia
illness: boa]6 i

indecipherable: iiizibii
intensive care unit (ICU): terapie intensivH
myocardium: miocarC
needle: ac
oxygenateci bioori: singe oxigenat
patient care: ingrijirea pacienfiior, as istenta medicalE
{to) perceive: a percepe
pregnancy: sarcini
(to)prescribe: a prescrie {un tratament, etc)
purPose: scop
-r, c'
Y4v. -ttlni
t'stvt
receptioraisfr dispecer, receptioner, sor5 de cabinet
tecovery: recu.perare, insinitogire
redblood celLs: celu-Ie ro,;ii
reiiabie: de incredere, sigur
rernoval: Ecoatere, extirpare (pri* operatie)
sarnple: rnostrfl, probi" eEantion, specianen
valve: val.vE
veins: vene
waste products: produse reziciuale
white biood cells: celule albe
wornb: pdntec
X*ay: radiogratie

+/
^'7
 5:g+4!ifrf{ .ljeeffi----'

UNTY' 3A: TF{E CAffi.3}1OVASCEJLAF{. SYST'Efoi

Yw;wE
A. ltV'nat are tfre crgans of the carriiovascuiar svstem?
E. Approximatelv how big is the hurrtan hear+J?
C. T'l{nat are tire rnain bload. =resseis called?
D. Which are fie smailest of the blood vessels: veins, arteries, or capiliaries?
E. $/hat is blood made ap of?
X, Choose from the box beio-w io fiii in the missing words
j.n the text and table. Use this unit's word bank amC/or a dictionary if necessarly'.

*
infectiotts hnrmones biood heart atrium
arcuLatlon cayiiianes arteies uentricie tisswes

The cardiovascular sysiem l.s cornprisecl of ihe hear:, blcoru, anci blood vesseis.
F The {1) the rnost importani organ of our bociy, purnps blooci. Biood
traveis through our bocly through the biood vesseis. This is caJled (7i
II
The heart is a muscuiar orgafi, a iittle bit larger than a fisi (it weighs less than iraif
a kilogram), It is situated in the thoracic cavifrr , between the iungs and above the
rliapirragrn. The rnuscutra-r tissue that rnakes trp the heart is caileC myocardiura.
The heart is divideci into right and left haives brz a -wali of tissue (sectuin) and so
that the biood from the rigirt h.alf is comptr"eteiv separated front the (3)
in the left cne. 'Ihat's why the heari functions like a double pump: frorn the ieft
helf, it sencis the oxygenated blooi through a series af fubes calied- (4i
cieoxvgenateci blood returns to the right half of the heart ihrough
odrer Lr-rbes called veins. Each half of the heari is further divided into *tzo
t:
I
chambers: il"le upper chalrrbers are caiieci atria (slnguiar afriurn): ie{t atiur:.' ani
;
right i5) __=__=_-_. separateC- "ov avalve (a fiap of iissue that opens anri closes);
the lo-'azer chami:ers arc cail.ed^ ventricies: left ventricle and- right {6'}
li., separateci^ bv another valve.
----....._.-

T:. 'ihe main bLaod. vessel-c are caiied arteries anci veins. Arteries transpori
3-.i.,
ox;ugenated biood awa\i from the hearq the-v beconre smaiier a::rcl smaiier - the
srnaiiest biood vesseis are caiiea capiiiaries. Through the ihrn.aralls o{ the (7y
-Dass from the bii;oci intr: the surrou:rdinEb'::dy'
, {)y.yg.,en anci r,r-iirien---s
cei_lsand.(8;-'Thenwasieproc1':-lcts,SuChascari:ortdtcxioe*,passback
i::orn the ceiis ani fissnes lnio the capiilziries.

:lO
+lJ
\ieins are srnailer than arteries b'ut larger than capiliaries. Th.e1' transi:ort
aeaxygenated blood away frorn ahe capiliaries to the heart.

Bi,ooci i.s a'rital It carries nutrients arrd cxygen to itie bociy celis,
iiqr.riC to our ijfe.
a:.iii waste proriucts away frorn the ceils. it al,so circuiates (9i tnat
coniroi the funcbon of man\r organs. and antibr-iiies li.'hich fignt asainst infection
and ciisease. F/hen biood circuiates :n the blood vesseis, it ';ushes against f:heir
walis, crea#.ng a pressure known as the biood pressure.
-
Biood is ma.ie ,.rp ct plasma ia compiex iiquid thai ccmprises abr:ut. i^'aif of ihe
biood volumei, reC bloa.J ceiis, ani whrte biooi ceiis. Red bioor^ cells
(ervthrorytes) are r.narie in the marro'i/".' anci iheir job is to carr.r s)<1rgcfi *-o toc,',t
ceils. i{irite bi'-to,: ceiis iieukccvf-esj i-eienc '.ne bcci-; against gerrr,,s ar"id {1t;
, For exampie, ihe pus cor,rirrg crit of a -wouncj. is a mixiure of ieaC
gerins anci white biaod celis.

C*r,E . crt€i
i. 14&at is the i"ieart rnuscie cailed?
2. Why is ihe heart ciescribed as a " doubie pur:lp"?
3" Whai are the upper chambers of ti-re ireari ca"Led?
4. ,''ilw-t yesseis tians.i:ort axvZeflatei- bicrocl it-tvtai frorn wte hearr':
t. i/irhere aieiec. biood ceii:+ inarie?
Pietzls,le.laiielin$
Eearj tire text egat*. and finish labeling ihe piciu.:"e of t'ne iieari.

tr\
a
 _--t

!$t atrzu,

i
i:
!: a;#*Au;**
Ii
*r
Effi aryp*drd.dtaaa
d,o+ttcwr*d. &le.t4

Ii
lr

F,;'
f..
picftre and describe the heart and how biood ci.rculates
I-.ook at the iabeieci
through it by using dre fotriowing

rroutrLc: heari, haffiaiues, double yunnfr, uoiTle, biood, ox7&enatedbloori, arteries.

ie o xy genate d bio o d, u eins, atr iun / atr i a, a er,tricle ( s )
and
verbs: iuncf)on, send", be aiuided, separate, be called, retunt
l

lltre f*';lowtng lvorcis are rei.aiei io ihe cardiovascuiar s,vsterft clr

diseases/ccndilions associaiec with ir arteriosclerosis, atheroscierosis, embo!'isn-,-,
hyaer'tenston, nyyotefisior,,'tiiiebitts, ]wmatrsmo. Wite &eir defrnition in Engllsh bv
locklng ai the r,ryord Darts 'Delo"w. TI:re first one is dorre {ai yau.
arterio = arteries
scierosis = harden-ing
- atherc = iat*,r
err--hnl = trjrr o n: .irt':
- 1s11-] : cozrrlifion of
h-vper = over or excessive
hips = unrier
- t*"t = ccnciitton of tension or ilressllre
- ioil = Ilrocess cf

i ('r
 r:h]eb: vein
- iiis = in{iammation
- oma = tumor or swelling
hema: blood

1,- The smallest blood vessels are called veins.

A. true
B. false

2. Circulation is an organ of the carciiovascular system'

A. true
B. false

J. The upper drambers of the heart are called atria.

A. true
B. false
4. The lower charnbers of the heart are caltred. valves.
A. true
B. false

5. Leucocvtes are white biood cells'

A. true
ts. false

6. Eed biood ceils are made in the rnarrow'

A. true
B. faise

7. Phlebitis means inflammation of a vein.

A. true

JL
<T
.'-l-l'*e,++.=t"r+r.;..'-'iii+$;:rji;:Ir

ts. fatse
8. The thickening and loss of elasticit5z of arteries is called embolism.
A. true
B. false

9. Pus coming out of a wound is called plasma.

A. true
B. false

10. The heart is situated between the h:ngs and above the ciiaptrag:rr.
A. true
B. false

Now check your answers with your groap/ classrnates and correctthe false
sentences:

Sentence no_:
Sentence no_:
Sentence nc,_:
Sentence no--:
Sentence no :

52
T

i,JNEr 3W &*lECTrVEs AND ADIIERB$

J

describes/modifies a noust and usuaiiy precedes it. Examples:

a youngpatient
("young" is an adjective descibing the noun "riafre::rt"1

anew yrocedure
("new" isan acljective describing the noun "procedure")

When several adjectives describe/modifii one noun, the adfective witi-r general
meaning comes firsq adjectives of. coior, styie and nationaliry come just before
the noun. the3r riescribe:. Examples:
a tall modern hospital
a kind American doctor

A noun can function as an adjectiv e, tot example: a vturse assistant

if an adjective is a comporrnd of a number and a noun, the nurnberrnoun

combination is alwavs hyphenaied and singuiar:
a twentJ-pqge rsporf (a report that has twenty pagest
a forty-vear old cardiologisf (a cardiologist who is fort,r years old)

Sornetintes aciiectives can modi?v ,terbs that sho-w no acticrn, such as "be",
" appear", " seetrtf laok" , etc. In the exampies beiow "b',JS-';" an,i vrrorriei are
adjectives for the verb "is", respectiveiy "look" .

Tia neuroiogist ts busts. He iooks r,oon'ied.

affidescribes/mociifies averb.lt is formed bi, aciding -ly to an aciiective:

Ad'terb hdiecnve h ,:l-,^*1-

v (:l L,'
_r-1L.1
'rr-rd
siotu siozuly har€l
quick qutckly excepircrts: lcst
L'-^J
JtL>!
easu easiiv iotu iozo
bustl busily late. iate

Examples:
.{ aru a guicklesrruer.Iiearn quickiu.
("quick" is an adjective ciescribirrg the noulr iearner; "quickiv" is an
adverb describlng the vetb "leau:i")

J:
ffi
w' A-dveros can aiso rnodify adieciives or other as,terbs, foe'exarnple:
ii is s very bwsu dst;.
') receptionist rurttes aeryl nea*iy.
Thr

eif+i 6#4e:: fu<$ies.a$+s*&xn*zha

Chasge the under"iineci phrases into iwo-worC combinations:

a. a clinic tftathas five flocrs
b. a me<iicat bill that is worth lorff dollars
i
c. a check that is worii'r nine htLncired, doilars
r
d. a medical office witlt two exits
e. a training course which iasts three weeks

Wa Choose t}-le cc;rrect word in the foliovuing sentences:

a. The hospital i.s (close/closelyi tc the post ofhce.
b. Tne nteciicai assistant iooks so (h.onesi7 honesiiy) ti-,at no one suspectei
nim.
-be
c. It rs too {late\r admitteri intc the hospital"
/late) to
d. The (rnainty / marn)advantage o{ t}ris oui-patient is that he ieaves
across the streei from the hospital'
ii r
e. The Coctor's signature is (indecipherabie/inciecipheraalyl-

* Give the aciverbs correspcnriing to the foltowi"ng nou.ris:

a. easyt ca7rn, simpie, goocL;
b. glaC, qrtck, arLgtTr, careful;
c. vlLse, sudden, w-iliir-rg, peaceftrl;
d. fast, cheap, irnmediate, sincere;
e. beautiful , fi'Iow , iogical, rnonthl3''.

Expressirag similariiies and.,difierences using adiectives,*nti'ad=serbi

T..: express sinerlarit:{, grse the forrarula a.s + adjective + as i

I

Exampies with' ti-re adjectives " ta"*" , " ald" , and " atfftcult":
Tne nurse. rs as taii qs the doctor" {They are ilre same heighi.)
-fiu end.ogtnoittrtst is as old as his ptztier't'
{Thev are tfle same ate"}
'ioitau's -,ig51gid.a'1's
7;rrtr:erlw't is ss Criffici.tit tts uesterclau's orlt. (Todar. and
proceclir-l'es are ecuatriy difficu"l".)

_-
i;.
T* express difference.. use il'le cornparatives iit vcu cottr;:;ue two nouns sr
aefionsl anri superlatives {if you compare three or rnore flouns or actionsl cf
adj ective s ar.tL adverbs

CCMPARATiVE SUFERLATIVE

MORE... the MOST.-.

zyk6t careiul tnore cmefui the most careful

'
{eniing in hopeless tnore hopeless -the most lwpeless
-iey, -re, -aie, prizsate llrare Pnaate the mostWuate
-ic, -isfr, -f-iii pubiic tnare pubitc ihe most pubiic

s;_y{a[fes beautiful ?nore beautiful the rnost beautifiti.

d.ifficult ntore tlfficalt the most dfficult
hfieresttng tnore interestittg the most intereshnr

The foiiowing adiecives an<i adverbs form the comparartve and &e superiative
in a compietely irregular way'.
good/zoell betier the best
bad/ill TfiOTSE the <porst
little less the least
mamu/much lflOte the raost
fo, farther the f arthesf {disiance)
fur ther (extra, aci ditional)

The comparative anC superiative of adverbs of one syllabie i-c aLso formed by
adding -er and -est:
iasi faster the fsstesi

In the case of adverbs of twrs cr more svllables (except eari-v) tlre cornpara.iive
and superlafrve a.re forn,ed b,v 3dding "more" , respecri'reiv "ihe most":
clwapiy vflare dzeavlu the most che*,piu
efficientiy ?nare efJ;,cirntiy' the wcst effiaenttu

To arodi$,- cor*.paratives, '*tuch rnore / marty rnare ii fu.r rnare / ,rnuch less ,i -rar less arr:
LrilE'r'
".,.^s
Titeir insuranu is far r?Lore exyensiae than ours.

55
 dllllE.BT.arE iE-=---:::--

A.lways renne:nber:

compa^re fw,onouns or aciions anci use superiatives io compare three or

inore nouns or a-ctions.

In order to be polite, vou someti::nes rnight r,rrant to be less direci when

vou compare peopie, things, or situations. For exarnple, instead of salring:
Doctor Brozun's last researchbaalc is zoorse than ids eariier ones.
(using the acijecfir,e bad)
You can say:
Doctor Brown's iast research book is not as good as his eariiet'
ones, {using the adjective good, whicir is iiie opposite of bad)

Flace the adiectives before the norrns thev rieterrnine" Aciverbs can be
placed in rnany different positions.

{.Jse-ed and -ing adjectives correctly. We can fornr. adjeciives by adciing

-eri or -ing to rnost'i,erbs which express emotion. For exampie:

i verb -ing arijective -ed adiecfive

tl to bore bonng bore ri
t, to interesi inieresting interested
to aiarm alarming aiarmei
ll to amaze arnazing amazed
io confuse conf,tsing nnnfrrcor!
to encourage encouraging ,nrouroguri
I
The difference is drat the -ing adjectives express the cause of the eil'ioiion,
whiie the -ed acijectives express the resuit:

Trw riiagnostic was ainnring. {cause)

i ruus aiarmeciby the riiagnoshc. (result)

Dr. Green is an amaztrlg sL:rgeon. \causel

I sru amazetii:V Dr. Green's skiils. (result)

, i..' :.8
rt9::-.. -:;a,..s.;{r
t-,raut:riar rraerrce: Expressing.similarities"a,r*fi,,,diffe,rertces ';sing a6j.ect'iv<
endadv.#,bs

56
Gi

ldrise tire cornparaiive cr supeiiaive of tire aajecrives berweerr

parenthesis so that the senierrces fi1ake sense:
i. \'our condifr.cn is (bad) than yesterdav.
2. Tfus padent is nct (unciersianding) of patients.
3. This <ioctor is (ieticent) than other dcctors ur ihe hospiial to
comn'runicate the diagnosis.
4. This time, her recovery.was (difficult) than atter her previous surgery.
5. Take the (fast) way Lo the iab!
5. Lrnda is (competent) nurse in this ciinic.
7. The lab resuits are (reliabie) than the report
8. The tumor was (large)than the doctor expected..
9. The seats in this waiting room a"re (wide) thar, those in the emergencv
section.
i0. Tnis hospitai has the (efficient) out-patient care of aii hospitais in to',arn.

Choose the correct acijective so the sentence rnakes sense:

',,.fr

1,. The (satisfied, satisfving) patient thankerl the cioctor for his tirne.
2. W e ate (interesteci, interestingJ in hiring an interpreter.
3, We are (bored, boring) because we have to wait so icng.
4. She is (frightened, frightening) at the thought of surgery.
5. It is such a (riepresseri, depressing) circumstance that no one is
smiling.
6. I need (farther / further) infornration.
7. The hospital is (farther/further) fi'om ry112 place than frorn jtol;Ltb.
#,.ffiffiflltephrase tI're sentences using tire adjectives befween parentneses io
make tacitui comparisons:
i. Your nurses arelazier than ours. (energetic)
2. The qualit,v of patient care is lower here than rl my country. (high,}
3. This procedure is more iangeror:s than the cne',rou cieciined. (saie)
4. Your test resul*.s are worse than last time. (gor:d)
5. The ER srafi is sometirnes rucie; the matemit'y staff is never rud.e, (i:oiitel

Place'ihe a-dverb in the best positron rn the sentence:

i. ahuays fhe docior cornes tc work at 9:00arr..
2. oiien Fatienis compiai; r aboui insurance.
3. usuailu Nurses work iong hours.
4. rarel.y She is iate ior work.
5. sureiu The paiient can count on the inter.preter to express his
concems.

5]
 F' UNIT 3C: ClinicaL Proceclures A-N

Go over the vocabularv list beior,t, the table. Underline the wor<is vou are famiiiar
wiil:r and/ or those vou can guess, and write thern in the first coiumn in the tabie.
Tlren practice their prcnuaciation.
;

[;'
Go over the vocabulary list again, This tinte ckcle the unfamiliar words, and
:

1,.:
3t,
vrrnte them in the seconci column in the table. Then check their meaning in your
i: language. Finally, practice their pronunciati on.
i,,
l{.

i vvorris you know or you can i lllew words anri meaninq in vour
H.
Fi,
llansu.ase
Example: auloVgr Exa::npie:
l.:1,
i:r::'
',a 'i

&':l

ahorcion {noun} remlving an e.m6ryo or fefus {rom ile wom6/uteru: ic

eno{a firegnancj

,l:
amniocenfe$t {noun)
ltroceofure
in wfricfr a sma[{samlttu of fin;iit'{ro*n out af
the uteru; o{ a ytrrynanf woman f|roujh o ntu/[, inserfe/
l:i
in i$e fn or[er fo rtfeCsenetic ahnorvna{ifies in
t

^6/r*tr,
ihe fetus

anctioarahrtu [noun,]
JJI-!
X rays evaminaiion oi {6, 6{oo/ uusrrt

a h tt enoib c{ovnu l' no un

i
j ri
: u rcti ca i r evnoro I t i i t abh enai ;r
ii il
l, ,, I
ailJ'cultai]0n {nowrij
1 r'' r | /r ' /'
iutewnq r0r J'0unil rnaule lu lnlernal 0{a,onr,rurf,ast'[le
t , lt
heart and lungs

nutohv,l {nounJ eVamina{ton of a ,^{*rw fo de{ervnine tfie cawe oiitfifr

:ij.t, :

<o
JO

hat
 i i -{ .1. t {r- i
friahsy iwouni {emffJfrla/}6i elfir,1inafiln of fr mwhie oi ti$ue iu{,

diaanos*c hurhoses
Jii
r ,f , lr I
nirth control {nowni pknne{ u:'e oi coniracenfiue iecfrnio,ues io imii or confroi
trte numfier oi prgnanciu

ft{oooitut {7toun) eyaminafion o{ a samp{e oi 6hoi ta iefermine it: ciewicai

carfroqraf)h {nouni insfrumenf uied to ruroritfre rnechanica{mwements o{

JI
f{te 6eari

,o n{t oy, o [r*n arrt r es u s cf fa{i on

1CPN {noun} restoration of carai*c ouf{twt ani t:u{rnonarr4

t
uenriktion :

( r,f, t ,. .r r : '
tr3 frrtrpctat retflrfrn1n anfi cfieic Tna''Jfrqe

casitafion {no,,mJ -rteri{izatian; remwai oisEuo{orq^nt fo wartp

re {u e {i on im h o vi fi{e
ltro
circwmeiion fnounj s *rg i ca { remou a { of 1t enis fo res fu n

/uo{unectomtq houn) suraicafremou^{ a{ of {ke psf section of tlre

^i{rr fiart
sma{{intestine

,nr{rfr^rhr {intu6*{ir* {noun,i fax'age

oi a tuite tiircwgi the nose ar mowii info tracfrea
ior rnaintenavlce oif[,e air*aw

,y6o{u kerhi e,rtfiire; breaffie owt

gastreeiomy inoun] surgica{rarnoua{o{ a of t{ce sforuacrt

ltan
I rf ,' r' r 1 l'['' r ' 'f -t-'-"!' "-'
aenerai anelthetiZahon {nlunJ }na!fliitfd i0 fier1erJg litltil rtire rC ll}rYfrUevious O?
J'Jli
. / f '. r
tnnawtlGn aqenl!

rty:cerectomj inoun) s'urr,tica{rernou*{rf

j nr,4 ol" or iie enfirt uferw:
'i
imrnunization (nounJ tmruwniw in, uacanaie
ltroaruce
,:
rf)
rilc'lgon lilo{,t?jj C'L;t. mt1 fr AcaY iry:'lie i)r 0rT4fi1'1 AVfinq Ju{qefi4

: t,:.
tncutifrcor lnowtj annara{w: ln w{tici te,rnheraiurc an/, huwi,itf,.t art
ii t i
.
' rr '' '' w:et
ccntroiied, alleti {{or arowi'na fiacteriai ,n{tunrt
. -t
. r f ,^ !1 / ,'
tfi;
]tTtlal{ !Lcrc., icveutne 1n5rl1{e

a- a ,),
.J
rn'1ecfion tnoun/ iylecfinj a sub.rtance inro n tiss'ue, uer'-reti 0{ orqn?'}
,:i
;.i:

t:.i
59
':1
1,4

,*
L:
v'
F'rl
intensiue cnre unif {7CAl {nounJ s
f e ci a ii ze d s ec fi on c{ a ios h i ia i c onrai ni ng i rte eq ui rtm en t
:
anittaf nece$aru to care ior patiena witfr severe i{[netses
';;:."

f.:
wrto neea Pennmenf sw{teruisian

f^pr*scolrj {nor,,ni eVaminafion o{trtu in"*ior o{tfre ofirt*t* frj o

{aparoscope

{orjnjwcostj [nounJ eyamination rit6t hUn,6y **nt oi^ {^y"30sc0pe

mammografifry houn) K-rq! eyaminafio, o{frte hreails fo, aiognostic
ftur{tons
maiectomy [nounl surgicafremoua{of ,[or parf of trte 6reai fat in hreatt
cancerJ

neuroruryer! {nounJ Juryery on frtenervous syiem

+ + Cover the ciefjnitions and go down the list ayiryto expiain eacir
terminoiogy item in your own words.

Whafls the English for amniocentezd, auscultalie, incizie, mamograf.e?

What's the Romanian for aborhon, blood test, exhaie, intensioe care
unit?

Use the English words in Application 2 in sentences of your own.

Circie the correct answer:

i.The surgical ier::.ovai of the appendix is calied

A. angiography-
B. appendectomy
C. auscr.litation

2. A cui into a body tissue or organ, especially one made Curing surgery is
a(n)
A. imrnunization procedure
B. biopsl,
C. incision

3. An instrument used to record the mechanical movements of tire heart is a

A. cardiograrh
B. iaoaroscope
C. lanngoscope

60
:.
'

'. 4. The relnovaL and examination of a sarnple of iissue frorn a ii'zing bodv for
', diagnostic purposes is calleC
', A. hYsterectomy
B. biousy
':i C' gastrectomY
,.
l, 5. A:rmiocentesis is
a, A. the examination of the blood vessels using X-rays
'.r,, B. the examination of a sampie of biood to determine its chemicai
', characteristics
,,: C. aptocedure in which a small sampie of fluid is cirawn out of t}.e uterus of
',. a pregnant woman through a needle inserted in the abdomen

6. Endotracheal inhrbafron is
A. the passage of a frbe through the nose or mouth into trachea for
maintenance of the airwav
&. the removal of an embryo or fetus from the womb/uterus to end a

Pregnancy
C. ihe removal of the testicles or ovarres

7. Autopsy means
A. listeningfor sounds made by internal organs, such as the heart an<i lungs
B. an examination of a cariaver in order to determine the cause of death
' C- surgerv on any part of the nervous system
,

I 8. The voiuntary limitation or controi of the number of children conceived is

, called abortion.
I
,:,
A.. true
i B. faise
:

'. 9. Masiectomy is the X-ray examination oi the breasis for Ciagnosdc

i
,r
PurPoses.
A. true
: B. faise

, 10. The s'.rrgicai removal. of-the first section of t1re smaii intestine is caLled
.,
,
iJ
Guocenectomy.
i F". true
ji B. faise
::1

ri
.,i
.il
-i
:-i
-,rj
:i.,

l1n " 0i
i:
'ili
;i
:::_i._
 i&.
igow check vrrur aTlsv\reys with. alawr grawplciassrsrares ax-ii correct t;:re iais*
Sent€fl,ce5:
&.
El

Sentence no--:
,li!
Sentence nc-:
?!:

I
8,1

i4
E:
*,

E,
*'

E'
&1
it

g*

,\):
 UruIT 3D: u--NIT 3,?EAI*jET-{LTT*N tr&,qCTICE

gi aruie*fu,rt'r{eatteE I-isten io each sentence in B beiow anri repeat

i; in Engiish"

|;WjB,*,lf-{qaa4r*aft .f#ns}atiemTransiaieintoRoma-nian:
' L. You ha,n,e to go to that firre-floor -buiiding for a biopsy.
,:, Z. T-ne autopsrT results are in a special report in the top drawer.
:-
3. "I scheiuieri you for amniocentesis, a thiriv-arinute prcrcedLlte", tiie
,, {ynecoiogist said.
' 4. }'ou v,ron't feel an1, pai.n as lrou wiil be under generatr a-nesthetizaiion.
5. His iiiness is se.,rere, so he needs permaneni meciical supervision in the
, fuliensive care unii.
6. 'ihe doctcrr wanLs vou to inhale, hoid vour b:'eatir for five seconeis, a-irr:i
then exhaie slowit'.
, 7" The quaiitv of patient care in this ciin.ic is not as irigh as it used to -be.
, 8. ftre paiienfs condition was even worse before the mastectomv.
', 9. Tltrough ihe thin walis of the capiliaries, oxygen and nufi:ients pass from
ihe bloo<i intc the surrounding bociv cell.s and Lissues.
, '10. When biooci circuiaies in the biooC \/essels, it pushes agarnst their vvalls,
creating a pressure known as the blooci pressure.

, ,f:lEteraari{*niE:tgfisfit.-ka.rrgiafiblr- Transiate i::rtc; Engiisn:

i. Spitalul are uii nou saion cie recuperare muit mai conforiabil rleczit cei
: vechi.
, 2. Cardiograful a inregish'ai aritrnie, &g& cX trebuie sd-l apeihr, pe car,-iioiog
. imediat.
', 3. Pe tr6-;lgd rneciicaiielmedicamente dcctarui a presc:-is oairmd Ld :r.aE dwpL
' operafra Ce Cuorien.
' 4. Facj.enta a{e nevoie de rnai inr:ite inforn:'a}ii desirre riscurije
', hisierecicmiei.
, 5 Si-a revenit (.s-a recupera.ti lrri&i ilE(.,r riupi. operab.a de aperulice
: (apendeciomiel ciec6.i dupd operat-ia ciinailrte.
:: o. F.econranddrrr o mamogralie peniru ieteciarea ir.npu.r-ie a canceruiur
', I]ia11r-ar.
a 7, Tcat* iun".ea ciin ciinici g{e ci eanu e:rte t*c:nai cea mai a:nabiia asisrentS.
! 8. Sunt iezu-liatej.r ,ie iabciat;i r*at ceirrrye'.i*rc riecit ar;scuiiailaT
, *. '"li*td Baa.k Prartr,ie ih<, fcllcr,a,ing irn vocabniarv iiems are i'ror:'' *,is ,-urjt;':;
I ll,ori benr,-: cLborttcn, be arintittec iritc itospiitti, S{cti11s, pregnsnc'i, prescri.oe , sdrnpi{:(s',,
- tuorth, heari clwntbers, hiooC press'*rs, leu.cr:r:ttes. ijse thern in sentences of i/cui
,.; own.
,
.|
:,;
-^
Ai
i

=
,.=
 UFfE? 4 WOR.D EAF"IH

Use the aocabuiara items in tlus unit's zuord bank as needed., iar lessons, auviicatiams,
quizzes, and translation yractice, unless othenaise inriicated- Yor.t zuill encounter many of
!a;
these wards in other uniis' aocabularu banks, and so, by repeated use, you roii! rnaster
l,L:

thernby the time vou firish this textbook. This unit includes tlte follozoing:

* 4A: The Respiratory Systern

" 48: Verbs - Forrns and Tenses
" 4C: Clinical Procedu'res F-Z
, 4D: Translatiorc Practice

apnea: apfl ee (opri.rea resplraliei)

l; {to} be scheiiuled: a fi programat, planificat (3.a rnedici
btrood sarnple: probE, speci.men cie singe
ii.
(to) breathe: a respira
t' breathing: respiratre
bronciei: bronhii
!: l bronchioXes: bronhioie
{to| carry: a iransporta
{toi complain: a se plAnge
diaphragm: diafragm{E}
dis ease: b o a16., af ecfian e
eard"runn: ti.mpan
{toi faint: a Xesina
ito) g* atf: a se declanga ialarmai
i.nteasive care unit: secti.e de terapie intensivi
X.awrtx: iaringe
left bro*chus; irv."oitkia stingE
filiii:::
iungs: pi5naAni
night shiftu schimb de noapte, f*rE rie noapte
{:'t::
tni- :
nostri].s: reEri
t!:'.
pharynx faringe
plastic surgery: chirargie pLasticd
{?.it "
F;i recoverv room: ealon cie recuperare (in soecial iupi intervenfi.i cltirurgrcaiei
rernovatr; extirpare, scoatere {prin operatie}
respiratory systern: aparatui respiraior
..i right bronchus: branhia dreapth
skire test: test de se$sibiiitate la aJ.ergeni
s..:i,-
,&i . su.r g ery: op erati e/:.nt erv enti e chirur gi caIE
 tiecl: iegaie
tonsiiiectomy: tonsiiectornie, operafie rie scoaterq/extirpare a amigCaletror
tsnsils: amigdaie
trachea: trairee
tu b al. Ttgatton : I e gar e a tr o mp ei or uterin e ( s t eritizar e chirur gi ca1 i i
: wound: rani

A<
 UI\ IE 4*,: TE{E E{E$PHE A?*ft.Y SygTEIvs

..';.i jt-; ...... :..'.,..

r:f€+izlselEssjl;Gtr
--j.

i. Whatis another word for breathing?

2. idhichof firese gases dowe oreathe in: oxygenr:rcarbon cioxiae?
3. if inspiration means breathiog io, what cloes expjration rrre&11?
4. -tdhat is the
name of the abdomen rnuscle that heips breathing?
Hl
Ea'i

E*# Cftoose from tlie box belornu to filt in the missing

-------o worcis
'---
in the text anci table. Use this unit's word bank and/ or a diciionary if necessary.

irachea oxygen larynx

dtnphragm lungs

We breathe in oxygen and elirn-inate carbon ciioxirie tfuo,.rgh the process of

respiration. Thjs function is performed by the respiratory system. T,ne main
organs of the respiratory sfstem are: the riose, the pirarlmx, t7) tne
E! trachea, and the lungs.

Air enters through our nostrils (iJle two cvai openiags in the nose), and tra"reLs
dorn n the pharynx (or throat) to the lungs, passing {nrough the larynx {or voice
box), anC through tire trachea (or windpipe), a tubeiike passageway. l"ne (2)
diviries into the b,ronchi {the ieft bronchus and the right'bronchus)
that enter the iungs. The bronchi contirrue to ciivide into smaii.ei tubes caltrei
b':'oncirioles, each of these encifurg in tin-g airsacs ca-lied alveoii. The excirarrge ot
carbon ciioxide and (3) takes pLace through the'walls of aiveoii and
capiliaries. A iarge mu.scle fu-l our abCornen, ihe (4) __-_._---_.-____ ccntrois &e
iungs: ""orhen the diaphragm conkacts anci uroves down, air is puiiea into the
lungs; when the <iiaphragm reiaxes and rnoves up, air is sent out of the
1El
1vl_.

C+rnpreheusisrB
' i. Hrhat Cc we cali the two or.,al openings in the nose?
2. irirhat is the pharvnxT
3. \44:rai is anoiher rlarrre .for the i.rindpir,e?
4. I.r'.,ihere ioes the exchange of carbon ciioxice anrl o>:v:*en take place?
5. Whai is ihe <iiapirragrn's roie in respirai:on?

6i)
:iwP:.'
:la
,.

i-ook at the iabeieri picture anC descri"be the respi.ratory system and how air
favels through it by using the folXowing

nouns: air, nostrils, pharyrtx (ar ilffoat), iaryrcx (or aoicebox), trachea (or winduipe),
bronchi, ieftbronchus, nghtbronchus, airsacs (or aloeoli), diaphragm, iungs.
and
verbs: enietr, traoel down, pass through, diaiae into, takc place, control, contraci, ?noT)e
up, nxoTJe down, relsx.

--)

W
The foliov..ir,g *'ords are related to ,iiseases/condiiions of the respiratc$/ sl{stem;
epwa, bronchihs, laryngitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia. l{rite their cietrniijc'n in
English b;; looking at the .worci parLs beLoa,. ljre firsi one is rione for vou-

a: without
- pnea^: breathing
bronch :
maior branch wincipipe
larvng: voicebox
pharvng : throat
- itis = inflamntaion of
pneu-rnon :7ur.g, ali
- ia: ab*armai conCi.iion of

N f [.r.
,!r h{7ncl4ttil".

JJ

6i
 b ytrtayryitis'
b finetwonia:

,.s5lGter.l Trle or faise? Circle the correct answer.

I Tlnough the process cf respiraiion , 'w,eheafie in carbon dioxide and

elimjnate oxygen.
A. true
B. false

1 The twci ovai openings in the nose are called bronchi.

A. tru.e
B. false
3. Another name for the throat is pharynx.
A. trre
B. false
4. When the diaphragm contracts and- moves down, air is sent out of the
iungs.
l:. A. true
B. faise
f
The condition of not breathing is called apnea.
A. h:ue
B, false

FharSmgitis is commonly caitred a sore throal

A. irue
B. faise
"7 Another name for the trachea is the rroice box.
A. true
B. false
o
il" Tne exchange of carbon dioxide and cxygen takes place through the wa].ls
of airsacs and capiilaries.
A. true
B. iaise
q
Bronchitis means infiammation of the iower respiratory tract.
A. tzue
B. false

68
;;:=*"
 - -'.....'.-'nrjrye"r? -: .-,a+?:,_tt iffir*lL
-. . _:. .:..:.:,i.,_Jl
#++1.a,
j '-'1 -

:;tr. On its way to the iungs, air passes trror& the throat to the voice box and i

w'indpipe.
A. true '-1.
ts. taLse i

lJow check your answers wifh yo&r gravp/ciassmates and correct the false
sentences:

Sentence no-: i
l

Sentence no-:
Sentence no-:
9entenceno-:
,

.,

t 6q
:
 tiI\iET 4S:VEffi.BS - F{}R&/ES ;md TENSE$
:

#,
Yerbs show action clr staie *f being, and are ii:'Lportant pa*.s oi a semtence. T-ney
i:'
can also be classified into rnain verbs isuch as a singie verb in a sentence) and
*" heiping verbs, vrhich accompany main rzerbs in'yerb i:hrases (a main.rerb
preceCed bv ane or mcre heipia-lg ver-bs is a calieci a l,erl: chrase):
ry:
We ba:y rwzo medical equrment euery year. {rnatn,,rerb "buy"}
l,Ne bought neut medical equiVment last year, {main verb "brry"')
We will.buy nezu medical equipment rtext qear.
I

+
ft; .rerb phrase : helping verb " wilL" + rnain verb "brJy"

,;
W,
H.
She is utorkirug in the intensizte Care Untt thcse daqs.
l,
i I
I

€ t i

verb pirrase : heipirrg verb "be" + rnain veyb "w-o{k" in the -ing farm
ii:)
].:
SLte has beeru reading this chnrt.fo.r' a fezu minutes.
I
I

verb phrase : heipil'lg verb "brave" + heiping verb "be" + rnain rrerb
i

"f,ead" in the *ing form.

As you can see fiom the exarnples above, heiping verbs are always piaced beiare
the main ver-b. The rnost cCIrlllnon heining verbs are rio/di.d, be {awr, is, are, urGS,
rarrei, fuaoffias, and will, which help make different verb tenses as expiainei
further in this ".:nit.

Verbs harre forms which are use,J to make riiffereni verb tenses:
BASF FCRh,{ i PAST FCF.],I PAST I PRESEhIT
PARTICItrLE PARTICiPLE
base - irrgi
talk talked talkeri taiking reg'aiar
verbs forrn
the i:asi anci
Pc"JL
,i
listen i lisieneC iisienei : iistening , particirie by
i ari<ii;rg -ed
I

i to ine oase i

/U
 t:.*r.='.i?;11::ri

hnrrohl D-i {i]i.'jLf. $Te-{{ian

'ver-bs isee

sleeP slepr sieep11lg list of

lrreguiar
I wrtte
-\h'TOte wrltteri verbs])
i

g?e&i the follo,rlfig vetb tenses and exarfl.pies baseci on the subject " h.e patient"
anci the verbipreciicate "ta sleeu" afid W tc deterndne v,rhat neiplng verba and
forms of the verb "to sleep" are useri to make each tense. ALso pay allerttion to
the tirne expressions used for each tense-
:';',..,rL
1. fu:ur;#Ibt,:YlE sho-ws acfions that irapperr. on a regu"iar basis teaery
iraq, on Sunaays, on zueei<ends, tzttice a zoeek, at the en.d" of each rnonth, et)erv
otler uear), or ane generaiiv true:

The patient sleeps ttito hou.rs s dav.

eceni a.fterrcoon.
a.fter s/ne tskes her rnerlicaf,on.

1 **pr"sses acaons in progress now {at the ruavruent c.f

i,o'E
speakingl or actions hapnemng aroirnd but not txactly at the monrent cf
speaking (such as titts week, these dcLys, eic)'.

The patiewt is sleeging ft07u.

ctLot tlxse dsVs.

I'iote: sorne stad.ve vexbs (that io not show action) such as !.aue, like ,
hate, prefer, Lufrfit, alt'fi, rteea, Tutt?tt, know, remember, understarLd. Lieiiez:e ,
SouTLQ, srneli, Trieln, etc. are noi used in frre progressive iense-q.

APPI-JCP,TIOI{: Simpie Fresent or Freserrt lricgressive? Ciriic the correr:r

tense :

a. This cough svrup (is sn'relling/srnelis) gcorX'

h. i{e {is checkinglchecks) his biooci suEiar ievei e\/er}/ we"K.
.. I{igttt now the neuroiog:sis (are leavtngi\eav€:'t fr:r tne runciraising iirLrtel.
d. Who {zs cr.Ttngicne.sl sc; iouciy in the erneigency rcsor*? Do somethingi
Answeri: a" s1i1,ells; b. checl;s; c. al'e lea-r''ing; i. i:; ci:r'iri!.

3:. Eresew;k:F€rnect is used for aci*ns that hapi:er:ei iit the pasr but iitc
sr:ecific tir::le is nr:L rneniioned clr l-rct iinp<;::tant,

7:
Fl.. The antiert iw.E Eieyt a ic:.
F

lricte: if d:re specttic pasi time is merrlion ec-, us* sirnple past:
li'
i
T-irc panent slept a ict yesterriay.

l
Fresent perfect can also shoro, a-ctions that sta;ted in the past and
c'."rntinue in the present (not necessariiv in the moa'lent of speaking),
especiallv with verbs iike v,rork,Live, anrl sitrciy:

Tlne paiient has worked m th.e lwaay inriustrV since 2002.

{Meaning: He started workirrg in the heav',r industry in zaa2 anci he
sfiii works in the heaw inrir.rsrrl,).

4
W*AE.,PW is used for acijons rhat began in ttre past
(before now) anci continue in the present (now). '''si.nce"' rncticates the
begrnnirrg of the iime period (stnce yesterriaq, since '].0:0arm, etc.'r and.
"{oy" sirows tl-re iength of the time period !.for fiuenty miruttes, for xuo
hours, etc.). in the example beiov', the paiient feil asleep at 10:00arn and
he is stiltr sieeoing:

T'he paiien.t hos been sleeping since'10:00 anz.

for fiuo hours.
tr
,r,: i.t iliustrates aciions that began anC enied in the past
{yesterday, tne d.ay belort yesterriay, last rueekend, ias! zueek, iast montit, iast
year, tzuo daus ago, tht'ee useeks a,go, l.ost month, iast year, Ln 1997, in
Acfuber, ruiierL I ttias young, etc.)

'|-k"e yattewt slept zuellqe steraag,

Last week.

/\,?PLTCATICI'I: Sirnple Pasi or FreserLt Perfect? Use ti're correci tense:

a. X (worki in tiris ciinic aii m;v iife. I fioin) the rneiicatr staff r,t,hen I was-19.
b. Ti-re n,;rses (havei a u"ieting aimost everv cia-v thi.s week. Thev ftave) the
first rneehng on iv{onda1r.
t. id3, lorrtir is at home because she {broke) her leg. She (breakj rt iasf
rnonlh, 'in the ski carnp.
d" (Havei l,ottr er,/€r srr,a\ipax? \'es,l have.
An..;u,ers: a.Itave w,crked., joinec; b.t,a^vt:had, hao; c. has broken, nroke;
i. l"rarre ycu ever had

72
'F1.",'
'' ' '
1't::

6. irrCt atcs ar,, acticl\ in progless ai a specific tnie in the

pasi iai 3:}Aprn uesterriay}, an acbon in progress in the past interrupte,j
ov anothel action in the past {.r.oherc ihe aactor came in, utlten. uou callei"
nw, tuLten somebodu knacred a.t the ctoor, eic\, or iwo actions in progress at
the same time in the pasttruhile the nurse zuas reading ids chnrt).

The yatient was slerying at 3:00 om yesteraay.

urhzn the dcctor came in.
while the nurse ruas reading his cLnrt.

APPLICATIOI'J: Simple Fast or Past Progressive? Circie the correct tense:

a. The endocrinologist (wentlwas going) to the emergencr"z rocm when a
paiient sucideni,r, fainieri.
When the Meciicai Board (-was corning in7'came in), the head surgeon was
reaciing the report.
?he doctor (wers reaaingireaiii ihe patient's chart whiie the nurse was
chatting with the patient.
d. The pafient s reiatives (were waittng/waiteri) for the rJoctor when the
patieni was moved to the east wing.
Answers: a. was going;b. came in;t. was reading; d. were w-aiting

7. *e..{:!?t shows an action finisheci/compieied before another action

in the past or dme in the past

Tne patient had slept before tlrc nurse came in

(: Th* patient,:lept before the nurse came in)

The patient had already slept by the time the doctor awiaed.
when the aoctor srrraed.

8. V$lWi#*ii'F-rogressive expresses actions in p'rogress in tl..e rle.si

befcre another action in the past-

The patr.ent fuad been s{eeping for tzpct nours ruhen the nurse ruale iti'm up.
since noon iuhen the rturss zuo'Re nirn ua.

Note: both Past Progressive and Past Ferfeci Frogressirre -*how actions ir:
progress ir: the past, bui ihe dtiference is tiiat Past ?erfecl Progyessive
indicates for horu iong, the acion- irad been ir, progress before another
aciion in the past.

l-t
APPLiCATil1,ti\i: ?ast ?ragressi..re or Past ilerfect Frog;essive? Circie 6.re correci
rrerb tense:
a. She (was waiting/had been waiting) in front of the kauma center for
aimost an hour b;r the time theiz told her that her daughter was no longer
there.
b. The surgeon (was perfcrrning/had been performing) a ionsillectom;z
w-hen the iights weni out.
c. The head nurse (was working/had been working) on the schedule whiie
the other nurses were complaining about the night shift.
d. Maria (was crytng/had been cryingS for hours v,rhen her son caiied from
the hospitai.
Answers: a. had beezr waiting; b. was performing; c. was working; d. had
been crvrng

9. ffi shows actions that wiil haopen sometimes in the futr-ue

ttomorvozu, next zueek, after the surgery, etc.):

'Ilre paiient wilt sleep a iot o"fter the surgery,

10. x,Wind.icatesarractioninorogressataspecifictimein
the futtrre (at 77:1Aam tomorraTl, at this ttme on Nednesday, etc.):

The paiient wiII be sleeping at thts fime tomorrow.

rohen the nurse cames in.

Note: in the seconcl exampie above, when the nurse enters the
room, she will find the patient asleep.
"::..; :
11. Flx :1P!,# t -_
shows a future action finished/completea before
ancther action or time in the futLrre:

The patient will haae already slept hy the time the rn{rse giaes lum his
meriicstion.

Note: In ihe exarnpie above, the patient will be awake (the acaon of
the verb " s\eep" ',r,riil be cornpietedi rviren the nurse &:res hinr the
rnedication.

12 ,I;u*re,,,F, eelr.grg,qgpessi+iii expresses an action in progress in the

furure before another acti.on or time tn the fufure:

Tke yattent will hawe been sEeeping lor kuo haurs by tiu tinze tlwy se?'ue
dinner.

-l
 r:- .r:rt::rli !:i.<6?F.r!i;

:liote: +b,e
i.iiiererrce Deiweesr Future Froqressi.;* ini:mber ii acr,=rt'.
and Fui-i-Lre Pertect Progress;ve inurrber 12) rs *irat i* the Fui1ere
Perfecr Progressive vize rnentiori for hioro., iong the action .wiii have
beer: ln progress.

APPLIC,T'"flOiri: Future ilrogressive, Fut-ure Perfeci, or Fuiure perfect

Progressive? C*cle the ccrreci verb tense:
a. Bv noon, the -.urgeon (will be operair'gT'wlii liave ooeratedfy.rilL irave
been or;erafi-ngS far iwo hours.
b. Accorciing io the scheduie, Dr. Smiih (wil1 be perforrnin g/w111 have
performed) a tvmpanopiasiv at this &r.e tomorrow.
c.The ortiropedist (won't be finishing/v,ron't ha',ze finished) the report t...,
tire time the meeting siarts.
d. A1l nurses (wiil be atenciingiwii\ have atten<ied/wiii have been
acten<iing,\ a h'aining befwee:-i l0am-iiam nexi Friday.
Ansn,ers: a. ra,iii have been operaCng; b. wiii be performing; c. won't have
finished; d. will be attending

.*Ai Sardy this tabie, which is a synthesis of the verb ten-ses anri how therr
are formed"

Sil\APLE I P.TROCRtrSSIVE i FERFECT PERFECT i

li
]]ROGP.ESSTVTT i

t-K_L,5r.',1\ I base fcrm arnf arcf ts + havef has + haver'J:as been i

present pasi + past

articipie rticipie ariicir:le
past torrrr wasf were + had + past had been +
present participie Dresent
L
Il.12r'ia/-1?.}lp
l Hqrariicipie
i ljdlttLtl)t? oa.rlicipie
i
tILivt9

i -^,;'!i '^-
i trTT'l-TI]iE
FUT"IJRE i ,^,.ili
wiLi -* + T,ooo
hase wiii '*.-
be --l-
+ i -,.;iI
v"':il hatre - r,rriii have beerr
form present .-tA>t 'preseni
i i i parti.cipie i particioig : partrciri?

l\jotes:
Sintp.te Preseni: *"ilirri persori s;-ngular ('she, he, i:i adcls -s7,'-es tc f;re base fyrn; ai;
- other persons (.L, uotl, \|te, vou plural, theyr) require just ti're base fcr:r't
Irresent Frogressive: rnake slrie 1,'eu u.se ihe corr€ct foirt: c;f the verb be: i am.
liau/weirhe',2 are, s/he is
Fresent Ferfect and lJresent Perfect Progressir.e; i.rse "have" ior i/yau,/vtc,itnev
ani "has" for s/ire
 Sirnr:ie Pasi ada -d t -eci r+ ihe base for:n for reguia-r -leybs; see pasr forrns of
irregu-Lar verbs
PasiProgressive: use "have" iGTI/vozt/we/&ev and "has" for s/-ne
Fi,"
E.:.
gi :'
Now ccrnpiete the tabie beicw fcr the velbs " talk" anC " v,lTlte"
ii,:
!l
>llvti-Lt PROCRESSiVE PERFECT FERFECT
PRCGRESSryE
PRESE}\T have/has
talked

FLN'{JRE wiiL be talking

will be wriiin

y Work with ',rour desk nrate or in a smail group to pTacefwrite the

nurnber of the sentences containing underiined verb phrases rn the square thel,
beLang (the first two are done fcr you); then check with your teacher or agai.nst
the key ai the end of the book.

a. llne nurse had been taiking to the paient for hal-{ an hour when ihe doctor
caiied her.
b. Th.e nurse wiil be talking to the paileni at this tirne tomorrow.
C. The nurse talked to the patient last Moneiay.
n The nurse will have aireadJz talked ro the patient by the tim-e he leaves ttrre
hospiial.
a The nurse has been talking to the patient for half an hour.
The nulse talks to ihe patient on a regrilar basis.
Tne nurse wr1I tpik io the patieni.
The nurse was talking to th.e paient when the cioctor cailed her.
The nurse had talkeci to the patienf before he inras riischargeci.
Tne nurse ra,ill have .been ta-lklng to tiie patrent for L:.alf an hour b"r the fi.me
the ooctor visi+s h.rm.
'Ihe nurse has talkei ic the palient on numerous occasit-rns,
The nwse is_laiking to ihe patient this very mornent.

76

iFi-L
 giMPLtr PP,CGT?ESSI-v-E 1 PEF,FECT FERFECT
PROGF.E-q3IVE
lf1 "ii ECE i,. i'tr-'
i.\.1:JLi \ r

i FUTURE

Make sentences wil& the subject "&e <Xoctcr" and the predicate "w-!tte
a teport" in all verb ienses {t-" of them are done for ,vou}. AdC time expressions.

Simple Fresent:
Present Frog'ressive:
Fresent Irerfect:
Present Ferfect Progressive: Tirc. cioctor hns been wnting a repori,for 75 minutes ,
Simple Pasi:
Past Progressive:
Fast Perfeci:
Past Perfect Progressive: TllE ri.actor 'nsdbeen runhng greport f'lr 1"5 minutes z.uhen
tlrc _fire s.lfitm roent c.,$
Simpie Fut-ure:
Fuiure Frogressive:
Future Perfect:
Fuirrre Ferfect Progressive:

#[.--€,, Faying attention to the rules in the hox belorn, and the s-vnthesis rn
tabie trom practice A above, choose the correct answer for eachr sentence. Then
d"iscuss yorff choice with your ciesk rrrate, or in a smail group. Finaliy, check yaur
answers with the teacher or againsi the key"

Use the past parrrciple after HA-'rlE

Use the preseni participle r:r past participie after BE
Use the base forrn of the verb after WILL, Y'JAULD, or oifier h4ODAi-]
Use HAVE and HAD correctly
Use correct tense *rith Hme expressicns

i. San-dra aiob in rhis ilospitai i* 7999.

a. has took
b. ieas taken
c" took

2" The nurse a lot of extra hours latelY.

77
@.*'"**""''
l.t r::r,

ffi:l a. has worked

*i-.:
b, has u/orking
!,ij
c. worked
'i:.'
3. Perhaps the d.octor the wrong conclusion.
'.ii' a. has draw
b. has drawn
c. has drew

4: The nurse thought she the doctor everything.

a- has told
b. told
c. had told
?;l

,
5. Our patients have often the issue about co-payments.
a. raise
b. raised
c. risen

6. We are our paperwork.

a. done
b. doing
c. do

7. The blood sample was without perrnission.

\2::a. .11

a, take
b. took
c. taken -
B. An appointrnent is at 10:00am tomorrow.
a. scheduled
b. scheduling
c. schedule

-i
9. He has been ciue to his excellent customer skilis.
a. promote
::::'i b. promoted
c. oromoiing
.::,,

10. The docior wili at 5:00.

::i ii

a. being iearring
iii :

b. leaving
c. be leaving
i.."
-a
ID

il#: r
 I

1\.TY,ai paiient ntust to radioiog:y-,

I

a. iake
\

b. be taken
,--
c. taken
:

12, The next decision will on lab results.

a. riepends
b. depend
c. depending

13. The interpreter shouid soon.

a- arrives
b. arrive
c- arrived

14. 'Ihe patient ate whenever he to"

a. wanted
b. want
c. wants

15. She in this clinic before she msved to California.

a. has worked
b. had worked
c. had been working

16. FIe is happy that his wound by thu iime he returned to

work.
a. heai
b. has healed
c. haci heaied

1"7. Since I last interpreted for this hospital I manv oiher

inierprefing jobs.
a.Ltad gotten
b. got
c. have gotten

L8. At this iime tomorrow', the lab tecirnician the sarnpies.

a. prepare
b. r rili be preparing
c. will preoaring

19, They me in the nursin g Prug-rarrL a few months ago.

a:l
-lji 79
,.:- 1
 .,t"j
a:.-

a. acceptec
b. have accepted
c. had accepieC

2C.The nurse wiil ihe examining room by the time ihe

<ioctor arrives.
a. have DTerare
b. have arepareci
c. prepared

80
 EiI{t? 4C: CE tHgCAL trge*CE#EiEeES F-E

Go cver the vocabuiary iist beiow the ia-bne. Uncierline ti^re -worci.s yolr are faireijiar
with and/or those ycu can guess, anci r,r,rite them in dre f;rst coiumn in the tabie.
Then practice their pronunciation.

Go over the vocabulary list again. This Crne circie the ulfamiliar worcis, and
write them ir-i the seconci colrrmn in ihe tabie. Then check their meaning in vour
ian gua ge . F trtal7v, practic e their p ronunci a ti on.

I Y/ords you know or you can New words and meaning in your
ian
Exampie;
).
Exampie,

:uryety {noun} suraety fo re ', feflair, ar reiore ytart:'

I

pragno:i: fnouni fsretficfion a{ frtu co$rse oi a {isease

recaverj roow {nounJ hosfiita{a"oow eqwif,rflef for {rte care ai
^rro{o6tr**fron
a h en i: i rnni eo{i a r e {y t o ii r* i ru ery
l- . t f l
1t "t U
tlcin test (noun.l fesf ior {erectinq o[frray or iniec{fout oisr*s,
^*
ioniftecfomuI [nouni s urai/t ca { r entoua l" o{ f he tonsi [s

trnnsp {anfaii on fnoun

l
) prlce:r o{ f**t'7r[*n{inq a frss'ae or nn o,yan from , iriu
,, booi,q porf to anotfrer
, f f''. t, f
iuihal liaation {nounJ wetkor{ ol ienta[t:fe,iizroiion' tfie {la{hpian) tufiet are
:uratca{iu iier{
u' -,.i

wmnanafrksru {noun) :' urq i ca { recon-riru ctf on oi rfr'u eo odn un t

J!!J

fli
 laaiji'. :4:1':::;:' " 't:

,tacdnate inouni inocctkte vtifi a vaccine fn order ia frroaiwce imrwunt*,1 io

an iniecfiou: {itrot,
,r) ia ia*y
ufrJect7'rftu {n1unJ wnqica[rewou*fo{r{[on part oi the um aiferens'

tuhe tfra{ carries

fierm
into ffte ltefuic cavi! in men),
tr'
u:wa@ nt menni of :terilization

Cover the definitions and go down the iist trTrng io expiain each
ili.
't'.
terrninology itern in your own words.

ffi.What's the Engiish for salan de recuperare, ligatura trornpelor uieine,

aasectomie? V\Ihat's the Romanian for alasfjc surgery, tonsillectomE-,
skin test?

S Uu. the English words in Appiication 2 in sentences of \l'our owTl'.

Circie the correct answer:

i. A method of fernale sterilization
A. vasectorny
B. hrbal iigation
C- tyrnpanopiasty

2. Surgical rernoval of *re tonsiis

A. surger;,2
Y. transpleurtation
C. tonsiiiectorny

3. F{ospital roorn eguipped for the care and observation of patients a*er
ssrqery
lL. recoverv room
B. intensive care u.nit
C. waiting roorn

4. Tesi for detecting an aliergy or infectious disease

A. vaccination
B- skin test
C. piastic slrrgerv

5. lnocuiate witir a-va-cc.ine in or<ier to produce im-murd+,'to u*'t ir",6s'Jtious

disease
A. sterilization
E. reccver)'
C, vaccination
(t:

.i:
a#,.r: :
:

UNIT 4il: TJNET'.s TRA}[SLAEIGN PXdACTICE l

Listen to each sentence in B beiow and repeat it

in English.

Translate the following sentences into

Romanian:

!- The patient had been sieeping for 3 hours in the recovery roorrr r+,hen the
nr*rse woke hirn up.
2. The doctor wili be perforrr-ing a tonsillectomy at this time tomorro-$/.
J" Fiis family has aiready been vaccinateci.
n
'4. The trachea divides into the bronchi that enter the lungs.
5. Air enters through our nostrils and travels down ihe phalvnx (or throati.
6. i have been scheduled for a skin test and I would like to cancel it.

Transiate ihe
foilowing sentences from Romanian into Engiish:

l. A i::cetat sd respire de douizeci de secunrie. Diarragmul nu i s-a n:rai

rnigcat deioc.
7. Nora mea este la l:at cu pneumonie de o sdptdmAnd.
3. Vasectomia gi legarea kompelor sunt metode de steriLizare rnasculini,
respeciv temirLind.
+. Schimbul de dioxid de carbon gi oxigen se iace prirr ps'etii alveoieicr gi
capiiareior.

foiiowing ten vocabuiary iterns are from dris; ,;n;t's

tie,E The
word bank: es-rdrum, faini, nigkt shift, nastnis, surgery", tansils, roounci, iung,r. bc
scneduiea. agneil- Use them in sentences of yo'Jr o\4/n.

83
 UNIT 5 WCRE} EANK

Llse the aocabuiaru items in tlds unit's ruord bank as needed, .ior iessons, aypiications,
ttuizzes, anC iranslation practice, uniess othertuise indicated. You wrll encounter rllany 0-f
these zuords in other units' aocabulo.ry banks, and so, by repeated use, you zuiii master
them bv the time you f.nish this textbook. This unit tnciudes thz following:

" 5A: The Digesiiae Sysietn

", 58: Verbs - The Passiae
5C: Diseasesflllnesses, Inluies/Physical Conditions A-M
" 5D: Transiaiion Pracfice

(to) account for: aterrrezerrta, ajustifica

addiction: dependenta de o subtanti chirnicS.
AIDS: SXDA
a ilmgni; boalE, afecfiune, indispozitte

athlete's foot (Tinea pedisy: rnicoz[.la picior, ciuperci intre degetele de tra
picioare
(to) be appointed to a medical staff: a fi numit pe post d"e personai meci.ical
(to) bepassed frorn person to person: ati tranmis(5) cie la persoanX Ia
persoani
beyond: rnai presus, di.ncolo de
bitter: amar
(to) bieed: a sAngera, a pierrie sAnge (bleeding: sAngerare, pierdere de
sAnge)
body weighi: greutate corporalX
bowel filovements: perisialtism intestinal
{to} break down: a descornpune
by touch: prin atingere
(to) catch a riisease: a se rnoiipsi de o boalX
chewing: rnestecat
chicken pox: variceiE
chiidhood: copilirie
{toi choke: a (se} sufoca
clot/clotting: cheag
crou$ : c::up, anghina
c,vst : chisi
riigestion: digestie
ciigestive sys tem: ap ax atw't <iigestiv
disorder: boai5,, tulburare, dereglaae
ernbedded: fixat in, incasfrat
evetrid Xi:ring: interiorui pl.e*ap ei, corlj u.ncriv*
f arsi ghte dness {hypermetropiai : prezbi}i e, prezbitioet:
fats: gr6sirni, alirnente grase
treezing temperatures: temperaturi d"e inghef
frostbiie: degerituri
gallbladcier: vezica biliar:5
graand. up: micinat {to grind: a rnicina}
growth: rrestere
gutrtref, esofag,. gfitlej
heat stroke: insoiafie
.i
oinfi incheietur5, articulatie
Lavge intestine: intestin gxos
!.r-;er: ficat
trining: ciptugealS", rnembranE
ioss: pierdere
{to! manufacbttr': af.abica, a produce
rneasles: pojar
rnur-nps: oreion
nerve endings: terrninaiii nervoase
occrerring: care apare/ survine, se produce
cpening: deschiCere, orificiu
paramedics: asistenfi rnedicaii pe arrrbui.antE
reriness: rogeati
research: cercetare
siaa-Ll intestine: intestin subitre
sour: acru.
siarches: f[inoase, aiimenteJproduse cx.L Conti&ui ririicat de an:irion
(toistore:a&epozira
{to} swaliow: a inghi}i
sw elling: ilnrf laturi, urnfl are
taste bud"s: papiie gustative
ti:ricker: mai gros (thick: grcs)
through the air: prin aer, pe tale aeriand

OJ
 UI€ET 5A; TF{E E}gGtr$TEi,'E SY3TE}I,€

t What are nutrients? Can -you g;lve exarrtpies of major m:trients?

-
L. Where does food go wherr we swatrLow it?
Approxrwtaiely what percentage of o:ur bodv weight is water?
,4
L Can you narle ihe organs of the digestive systern?
tr What is the body's largest organ?

The :naterials our body uses to rnove, {ro\hr, and repair itself are calieci nutrients
and- ate o-btainei from fooC. The major n.r.rtrients and whv the body neeci.s them
are shown in the tabie beiow. Canyau give exampies of fooris containing these
nukien+,s?
hIiJTR.IEI\JT FUNCTI()N Water is aiso an importart'i
It' ca-rbohvdraies Droc.uce enersv
L UJ
nuirient. it is present in aLltne
I /starches or boctry tissues and accounts for
i!
approxirnately 60"A oi our boi'v
ve bod weight, Water circuiates
wth and tissue repair substances Ln our body, acts as
viiavn:ns normal heaith and a iubricant for movement and
urth digestion, ana. heips conti'ol
minerals bodv temperature.

I-ook at the picture below while reaciing the text:

g6
4!q.(.4:4i1':'
-:,
:i
.;'z
.

Ti'* soiic fto;: \^re eal. is :r=ken j-r3u.'r- :ntl- ru::ietit: tnar el'e :.r3eu Di Dr')cl; i=.is.
Thts pracess of changing soiici toods inio soiul,ie fcrrns ih.at are absor7r:a 3,.r
DatS\r ceils is caHeci iigestion afii is periatwred o'.,, tJre ciigestive s",,,siefi1. Tirr
orgar.s r:f the digesrive sr*rsterrr ar*: tme rfiauth (orai cavlryjt throat i\arv*x'), g1:liet
iesophagus), (ii smali intestine, iarge intestine (coioni. A11 ,,_irese
make up' d:re aiimentarv ca*al, a 9-meter iong i-ribe from the rnouth io anus. Cther
cygarls that l"reip the process of digestions are: ihe pancreas, {?i _ . ajlc
gailbiadcier.
Itiow'choose from *'he box beionr to frli in the inissing words in the iexi an<i tabie.
Use this unrt's word bank and f or a dictionary if nece csery .

protetn a0enftLg e.sanha,zt;

-- - i- '"/o-'- s calon
saliae .fat biie chezoing
iubricant nutrienis SOUT giucose
large irutestine latlers *i-'

Fooa enier-q the digestive iube thrr:ugh tl'ie nrouth (oral or buccai ca\rttrt),-wnereit
lsgroundupLryteethancry,,txedwifn{1)-,-w1lichcontainsachen",icai
that changes starch into sugar. The iongue {a skeietal muscierr, }"reips {.2i
ani swaik:wing. Cn the sur:face of tj"le tongue there are nel'\./e
enclings tirai form the iaste o'*ds; througie Lhern we feel the bitter, (3)-
salq,, ancl sweet taste of foocis,

?v-irenwe swaiiow, {aod. goes tfu"ough the throat into the guiiet lescoiragr:s1, a
muscuiar iube abawt 25 cenhrneiers iong. The poinr where the {zg;
enters the stcmach is Locateri at the en<i of the siernurrr..

Ine stornach is a pouch-iike organ just beLow the diaphragni iits shape is actuaLiv
<ietermine<i bv the amount af foocl and the position ,:i cne's *ai,-yi. "Ihe "waiis ci
ihe stornaci"l have la7rere, cr c"Jats, such aE i-lee muclrs ani cnusc'Li.iar i5,i
. T'l:re gash'lc giands em'uedded in th* inucils ccat secrete iriices ii-rat
break do"r,rn proteirts. The muscies in'$re rnuscular coat help {5'l _ for>d-
undl it irecomes a iirluid. and push it into the sr"r'all intestine .

The small intestine is iike a cctieC '-*-'oe, anci it is the p\ace v--rtrere fooci is preparee
and absorbed.. The iining c,f the smali inies'iine secretes digesnve juices, sucii en
enzv*ies q.-r'hich siirnu-late the pancreas, livel", anci Ea1]'o\ad.aer) anci i.riie i='0"'i1i1n
b,i'eak down fats). The sr::.a.il iniestine lining is coverea wtin iin-v hiood- vr:sseis
vr,'irich at*sori: nutrients. 'lirroug,ir ihew* {;7'; pass iri",-:; tne b:*crisiiear
to the bci;, ceils. Tne undigesteri focd passes {-rr:m thr: smaii irrtestiae into the {8}

t: j
 The pancreas, iiver., and gaiiblaclier aisc' piari an imnortant roie in digestion:

" The pancreas is a feattrer-shapei organ situated behind the siornach. It

Fi'
t secreies into dre smali intestirre pancreatic iuices, which break ciown (9)
and fats.
E The iiver is the largest oxgan in the human body, iocated beLora. the
riiapirragm. It manufacf,rres (10) a yeiio,ei-green fluid that
breaks dow"n fats. Another iob of the liver is to store vitamins A, E, and D
and to procluce anci deposit (11) , the sugar the bod-_r, doesn't
neeC.
, - under the liver. Ifs role is to store
The gailbiaririer is a small organ right
biie and pump it into the small intestine when we eat foods high in (12)

The iarge intestine, or (13) fram"es the abdornen. It is approximatei-7

i,5 n'reters iong anci it secretes mucus which acts like a (14\ for the
passage of fecal material (unused food). The fecal materiai is pushec out of the
body due to Lhe mussular activift' of the colon (bowel movementsi. Ti:e exleinai
(15) thrcugh which it leaves the body is ca1led anus.

.*;;
f.:

W.z.W
ReaC the text above again and label ihe picture based on it.
! i',::

ai::.
* _:-
i-,

;t',''
f;{ai:-.. .

'E8
.1:,

Jr+,- :
**&a:...
-lf-47 :
 Vllnatrnai or nuirients pro<luce ener gy ?
Wirat i.s another rrame for the esophagus?
FIow rioes *le gaiibiacider heip dieesij-on?
Whai are bowel movemertts?
Does the stornach always have the same shape?
l,Vhat are taste buds?
Where is fooci prepared and absor"bed?
What is anoiftei name for the mouth?

Giii" ihe iabeie<i pici-ure anc clescribe (oraiiv anCtf or in writrng) the process oi
"t
digesiion by using ihe following verbs: eai, enter, traaei doun, Pess through, break
dol,n/oe briken acrpn, absorb/be absorbed, be, make up, heip, g,'Lfld uP/be g':ouni'
u7s,

ciieiu, sa;aL'roto, secrete, sioie, be situaledt (iocaieiL), pustt out/oe'pushed out, be cslieri-

t". trifr*ing worcis are reiated to the digestive system and. diseases,/condifions
associated 14r1th it. apperudicitts, cftolecysiitis, ciwh-osis, degiutitiott, gastroenterits,
gtngtaitis, ntasticate, hepatitis. Write'.heir delinition'in Engiish by looking at the
word par+rs beiow. The first one i-s cione for ya:u.

apendic : appendix, attachment

- itis = inflamrnaiion of
cholecyst = galibladCer
cirrir = rediish, Yellowness
- osis : conciition of
degiuti: sv'rallowing
dir,,erficui : offshco l, byysass
gastro = st-omach
- enteri = smali LntestineE
gingiv = gurns
hepat: liver
masdc: che-w
- ate = process of

n
'
a
{t
n en oi i ci i :, it';/rhm;rta fion a/ {/te a7,,rtma a7

), cirrhcsis:

()^
a'/
 b gasiroenferliis;
Y Siyyiuitis

r / ,-r.
F kef)afitlr:

Circie the right answer:

1. The mouth is aiso calleci

A. buccai cavity
B. digestive system
C. aiimentary canal

,L- Cn the surface of the tongue ihere are nerye endings that forr-i_
through which we feel the bitter, sour, saLw, and sweet taste of foods.
A. muscies
B. mucus
C. taste bucis

The segment of the aiimentary canal where food is prepared and absorbed
is ihe
A. smali intestine
B. coion
C. stomach
A
q- This small organ right under the li-,rer stores biie and pumps it into the
small intestine when we eat foods high in fat.
A. pancreas
B. bowel
C. gaiibladder

5. The external opening through which fecai material ieaves the bodir
ca[leci
A. coi.on
B" anus
C. pancreas

6. The stomach aiwavs has the same shape.

A. ir-ue
B. false

7. The esophagus enters the ston'rach at the end of the sternum.

90
 A. true
B: false

8. lfre pancreas stores vitamins A,E,and D.

A. true
B. false
9- The fecai materiai is pushed out of the body tiuough bowel rrovements.
A. true
B. faise
10. The inflammation of the gailbiadiier is called cholecystitis.
A. tme
B. false

iiow check your answers with your group/classmates and correct the false
sentences:

Sentence no_:
Sentence no_:

i.t

,,i
i
,*
,1
,.:I
.-_!
.,:
I
.E
{
n.
r
'z
.;t ,E

,i
.,i

.tit
-:,f
:::+

.;l
I
,...2

,.,1
'rIi

:.t,tltil

.:, ?
'iI
::
.:i

9t
.-!.!
41? ,

a;*
lE
 UF{tr? 5E: VEffi.BS - ?HE trASSgVE

The passirre is usei when iL is rnore convenient or knporrant to srress ihe thing
Cone than who perforrned tt, ar whren the person who ciid ihe actioil is noi
known. In an achve siatement, ihe subiect cloes tne acdon of the verb. in a
passive statement, the subjeci receives the aciion of the verb.

1rt.-I}I]

SUBJECT $g+past part-iciple

Examples:
Active: Tlwtl inaested a iarge amottnt of money 1"n cancer researcLt.
Passive: A iarge antount of woney was imaested in canc€r research (uy
tlrcm).

Active: Tlze doctor zoiii resd tirc ciwrt.

Passive: Tke chart wiMe readbv thz doctor.

A passirre verb alwavs corsists of ihe heiping verb "to be" in the specific tense
(is/am/are, is being, was/rnere, ruas being, has been, zoiil be, etc) arr'J the rasi
particirle of the rnain verb. S{;udlv'the sentences beiow and oay ati--ention io the
yerb " ta be" in the passive.
s-. Ttze nurse bnngs tlrc ffieaicatiorz.
Tirc nrcdicatiort is broug-Ltiby the nurse.

b. The ntwse is brutgtng tl"'e meclicstion,

Tne medication is beingbrowght by the rut"rse,

c. The nurse brought t!rc m.edicatron,

Ti'Le medicstion rnas broaght by the nurse.

a. Tne nurs€ ruas bringtng the nrcdicstion.

Ttw me{itcation was being crawght by the {LLLrse.

e. Tirc nurse has brougitt the medrccrtion.

Tiw meaicstion has bee* braugfutbu the nurse .

f Tirc nu.rse ruiilbnng ihe medicaiicn-

The medicahon will be braugfut bg the nurse.

12
Y&W* idearif'7 asrc underiine the passi,re ir-l the fciiowing excerots froryr this
week's hurnan b,ociv Lesson. The first one is done for vou.

Thr soiid ioad that iue entJp-Aeke7'!._io3.url. iruto nutrients that at e used. by boay
cells. This Pt"ocess a.f changtng soltd foods into solubie iorms that are absoibea bri
botty cells is cslled digestion and. is yerformed by the digesttae systerr,,

Food enters the digestitte tube throu.git the mouih, tuhrre ti is g'ouna up ht1 ieerh
and rnixed zuith. salioa.

Tl'e stomnch is ct pouch-liice organ iusi beiotu the iiiaphrilgm. Its shape is actuaLiu
dsteminedby the amount of food an.d the positian of on.e'sbariy.

Thz small intestine is like a coiied tube, snd. it is ihe piace wlwre
-food ts urepare d.
srLd absorbed. Tlw small intestine iining fi coaerel.'tL'ith tiny hioori tessels iolnch.
nbsoro nutrtertts.

t Probiems wiih the Passive {acile vs. passinve, -ed vs. -ing, ccrrect
iorrn of "be" , etc). Circle ihe ccrrect answer (if more than one anslnrer applies,
discuss the ciifference )
:

i. The consultaion hy the patierrt.

a' ir''iIl Pa,v
b. will'oe pai,eri
c. be paiC
d. will be paid

2- lf"re sheets r,rn all hospinai beis

a. irave ci"langeci
b. irave i;een changed
c. i-rave been charging

3. Ten pati.ents icr: thre research prcieci.

ti
a. seiected
b. were seiecting
c. werl sei.ectec
i. selecting

4. Each new effrp'Lcyel to irave a physical.

 a. is requireri
b. are required
c. requiring

5. The doctor's jokes thre patient

a. were amused
b. amused
c. is amusing

6. The hospitai in 1989.

a. established
-o.
was esiablishing
c- was estabiished

7. Admission to the clinic on strictrules.

a. is based
b. based
c. basing

B. The top meciicai stucients tc receive scholarshiPs.

a. wili select
b. wili selected
c. wili be selected
d" willbe seiect

g. The surgical Procedure about three hours.

a. is lasted
b. iasted
c. w'ill be lasted-

10. The next Patient to

by the doctor is an oid Lad1t.
a. be seen
b. see
c. be saw
d.be seei:rg

i1. Two peoPle in the accicleni.

a. been hurt
b. hurt
c. were hurt
ri. were hurting

94
i-i."r-
,a
 '! o C'r.
i:. g-ltl] ^ the flu.*ziriie visitung rrienis i:.r Europe.
a. was caugni
b. caught
c. was-being caughi

V*W&Y/riie thj.s senterice into the passive in iire Present Flogressive, Sirnpie
Past, Fresent Perfect, anri Simple Firi-ure.
I
Tne d.octor controls the pattent's vain zoith analgesics.

Present Progressiae :
Aciive:
T)^^^;,,^.
r q-DDI v C"

Stmpie Past:
Acti.,,e:
Passive:

Presen.t Perfect
Active:
Passive:

Sirnple Fltture:
Active:
Passive:

W:y Change fi'oue passive to aciive:

7. The interpreter was askeC to come early.

2. A speciai riiet has been kept b-;, all patients in the stud1,

3. Faiients wii-l not be alioweC bevond this point.

- 4. Tne rer:ort v,ras written b1,' fire new ioctor.

5. .^r decision shouict be rrrad.e soon bv ihe surgicai ieam.

Fragticel E Cn a- separate sheet c{ vaper, ka-nsl.aie Lhe i:assive seniences in E

aboye into vour native langu.age. Tl-ren h'ansiate ilern back intc Hnglish.

I
LJ\

:
!". ...
:::;
2i!:.
ffiRe-writethefo11owingoassage,changingtheua<ier1inedpartsinthe
passive. Begin with "When someone is aopointed to our mefical s.'af!..."

lA{nen ?Lte appaint someone io our vnedicol staff ue gtue him/hzr a thorough
orientation to the lwspttal on ihe fivst ftuo days, We c'noose people as a result of a
searching interaiezu. Tnen zue train the new eryyloyee and teach him/her lnzu to
communicate with p atients .

96
ffit'
,.,,+.'yrw
!

UNIT 5 C: D TS EASE S/I[, LNE 5 S E SFNTURIE SIFHYSICA T,

CONDITIONS A-M
Go over the vocabol*y list below the tabie. UnderLne the word.s you are familiar
wiih xtdl or those You can guess, and write them in the first column in the table. l

Then practice their pronunciation.

Go over the vocabularylistagain.This time circie the unfamiliar words, anci

write tfrem in the second column in the tabie. Then check their meaning in your l

lan grra ge. Finatty, practice their pronunciation.

Words you know or you can New worCs and meanins in vour
CSS languase
Example: Example:

af[icfion {nounJ t{eTteno{ence on a substance 0r prncifa ieyonfone's

w{unray csnfro{
A9OS {noun} seuere olitordurof fhe frnmune yqsfem ca*rl6a ?i,gil,
J
tran tmi tr, eoi f frro uq rt s e7u a { contact or contaminatec!

6{ori
ai{ment fnaun] p 61t i ca { o r rn en la [ fr s r{er, u fi
o e ci a {$y a mi n d i {{n e: s
am.nesia fnowrrJ fost of mumory
artfrropatty fnoun) o{ist*se o, o{ryoinf affifete's foot
^6no,rn*tg
(Tine^
1te{is) {noun} contagiows fory*ii"facfian of'tfieti<ln fhaf utwa$ afict:,

t6e feet

6{rt{ {uer[,] t*u 6ao{

cere6ra{ 6emon ff L ,r t
{,tag e {r,oun) bteed,nq in the cerebruyn

97
 ciiel<en
Pot inoun-i nniaairt i,rs aitro.s r, mai n k oi' cir tla?en, ca utea.' i4 rfre
yance{k uiru,s, wif6:bn eru{tfron:
^nr{forer
,iufa {verbJ interietne wit6 ruhiraiian 6u comnression or oLsfruction o;
rf | ' f
tfie lfrrynx 0r tfacnea

,iof/rfrrti*q [noun) yrku"*6rru 6[oo/ iuromet trticrtpr, a{most:oi/

coma {nounJ :t'afe of anconsciouy]ess in wfiicrt a fierscn b incaTtabie of

: enting /ru fioniing io werna { stimu li
, t..r. r-. f
cojuncfiuifis fpinheT) fnounJ infkmrnaiion o{ frt, coyi unefiva [ey eid i"in@,
c fia r a cferize i 64 r tines:
con-ragiou:' t^$.) {itrott t6.ai can fie yta:sei{rom
,4ernson io lterson
fiu touci.
or frtrowqfr tfre air

ctoufr {nounJ pafrtokqica{conotittrn of ifrt hry"r, upra^{$ in r:frifdren,

cfraracferize/@ rupirafory lifficuf$ onf cougrt
cji {noun) o 6no r*^ [ t*c wn o{er s {g n, it fiei wi i 6 a li g u ii o r s emt:' o {i {
sw|sfance

demenfia {nown} [et ert o ra ti on oi i n fe frt d u a i fa c, rti et,, u, 6 m emo,ry,

^,
concentratian, {ue to ftrain disoru/ers
^nt{lndgment,
m{bcaifon (nounJ /,ispfacrmeni of a rto/y rucfi at the temf]0r6$a
1tart,
tliy,kcrrnunt of a 6one {rom f t: nonnafposition

7a wt q I
rti e{n u': fry fierrneiro i a
f { n o un i ,6nor*o{ ronfrtion of trte e3e in *fiirf, uision i: 6eier ior
frtfant ofiecf: tfian {on near o$eca

ir"otthite
(noun) iryury or {ettrwcfion oisfunlfissue, yilost oiren t'iat ol ffre

nase, eatJ', Tnger:, or ioel, *ustr,{ fy krct e7t]wrre to uen4

i ow / fr e en ng tem p e m t u r e-r

ciranic or acwtetffimmation of trtrmuclu-t memhrane

3a:frttit fnoun)
of tie tiomacfi

fieat strotv {noun} ieuere rx;n/irion u,usui k4 imfiair-ynenf of thr 6r$':

ie.mperaiwre-rynkiirS oftilifit:, a: , ,err{f oi e/ftosure k
eqcesiue 6eaf

a1C
 ne,,nes {nounri uir*iai:ease titusiliq iie eruytuon ,r *naiiirisfer: on tie

s$n or vnucotnt ,nroirrnu

f' / : r. r . rf f r /
tUpeytycenlia ('nounJ walli concenfi^(1?0'fi 0r |u[t[t{ }n t!,}e wt00d
J
/', / f f /
fiyltertenion {nounJ tllqh t0l00d hreisure
J! JI
f ,' I r f f f,..i. r. .t 1.,
ieuiemia inounj r1{w or cancetr due n abvi)ftnai muttthbcaion ol wnite
6ko{rrfi"
me^s{u {nouni acute, contaSious rdiseasr, wr*$ occurdng in ch;tfi,taod

an{ cLaracterize/ 6y erusttion o{ rel spofs on tfie ski* *nd

prt,
trl
rne@n0Tna i noun / ,l|nr[.frmu, mott$ in the sidn
meli0!!nu:e !n0'"{nr' riiarrt"ed fy iie nafura{an/ peorn*ne* e*amg oi
I i:etior/
ntensfruatian, ut,rofr1 hetween trte aqes oi a5 oniSi
-i-)
marnflJ' ln1unJ
I
acwie, in{amrnatoty, conraaioul d?sr*ie cfiaracurize[ tg
:wellinc.t oy the saliuarjglands

Cover the definitions and. go rloltn the iist Sylrizto expiairr each
terminolog.rr item in your own -worcis.

'S'v\Tnat's the Engiish

for a sl,ngera, aariceid, cneaq, tnsoia.tie, d"ererdiurdT
\zfnat's the Romanian for clot, iarsigh.tedness, ffteasies, rrr"um.as, crorutT

Use the worris in Application 2 in sentences of yawr ow.n.

*eEsE Wr**s,A-M
Circie the correct answer

i. An aiirnent-is
A. very high sensiCviry* tc certain substances
B" dependence on a substa-nce c>r practice bevond one's votruntar-r,
contr"oi
C. a physicaL or rnentai d-isorcier, espec-ral'ty a rntnd iliness

?. Athiete's foct means

A. a Cisease cr an abnormaiii:, cf a joint
B. a c,:ntagious fungai infectiom of the skin that usi:allv affects tire ieet
-!
C. bieeiing
"-:-i
..4

csQ
.

'r,€

i?:
'w.,.:
 Cerebrai hemorrhage rneans bleeciing in tire stomach.
A. irue
&. false
4 A chronic disease of the ii.ver characterizedby the replacement of normai
celis -with scai tissue
A. acute
B. cirrhosis
C. arthropathy

5. tsiood becoming thicker (al.most solid) is known as

A. clotting
B. bieeciing
C. hemorrhage

6. A ciisease ihat can be passeci kom person to person b-y touch or through
the air is called a contagious riisease.
A. true
B. faise

7. An injury or desffuction of sidn and uncierlving fi.ssue resulting from

exposure to very low f freezing temperatures is known as croup.
A. true
E. false

b. Gastritrs is the
A. infiammation of the colon
ts. infiammaiion of '.he urinarr bladder
C. infiamrnation of the mucous membrane of the stomach.

9. Disiocation means the ciisplacement of a bone from its normai position

A. true
B. faise

70. A forrr, of cancer <iue to abnormal muliiplication of white blooci ceils

A. ieukemia
' ts. coma
C. riementia
Now check vour ansv,zers with your group / ciassmates an<i correct the false
sentences:
Sentence no :
Sentence no_:
Sentence nc_:

!00
 Uh{IT 5D: r;}{i? 5 ?'RAhISE-A?gGhi E}RACTAC:

N, iei* Lisien ic eacir sentence in B below and repeai it

rn English.

Translate the foiiowing sentences irito

Romanian:

i. The next patient tabe- seen bv the docior suffers izorrr amnesia.
2. I{e i.s choking. Ha',,e- tlte pa-ra-mectics been cailed?
3. Dementia patienrc will not be aliowed beyond this point.
1. Tnis nurse was taught how io comrnnnicate v",ith AIDS patienis.
5. Alarge amor:nt of monev was invested in menopause research.
6. No connection has been estabiisi-red between vour hvpergiircesria anC
5/our hvpertension.
7. Conjunchvitis is characterizedbv er4e redness.
8. She had a heat stroke wirile she ,w,as visiting friends in Mexi.co.

.;-i' all"'.r,r..i.::i.I::li.iii+l- .-
j;str' *: . i' -- t. '
€:i rsqjffffi.l ii ":i+i.<-
"Ef-
"aas l ati6r,r T r a. ns La te th e f ol"lo win g s e nten c e s rr om
ltomanian into En giish:

i. C boali care se trans:nite ie ia persoand ia persoanX pnn atingere sau pe

caiea aerului este o boali contagioasd.
?. Degerdtura rie la degetele picioarelor tale esre ciestui d-e serioasd. Cfir time
ai fosi expus la tempeiaturi de inghe!.
3" Cam.enii care au fost r5.niF i::i acest accilent sd"ngereazL grav.
1. Leucemia este ci tcrrni; iie caficer dat-orarb muiiiplicirii anormaie a.
celuieior sangurne.
5. Este congtient? Mi s-a spus cf, este in corn#..
b" Are cisdtd gi durerea ei esie controiaiS cu analgez,ice.
7. Probabil c& s-a m.oiipsit de eipd sipi5mana ?ecutd,r,rr zborui spre Asia.
8. Chnd cineva este nurait pe post in cadrui. personaiuiui nosuu rr,.edicai, i se
face un instn-rciaj am5.nr;ntit ia locu.i de rnuncd.

fu:,1,;6 ilBie&eq The foiiowins ien -,,,ocabuiarv iter"rs are froni this uni:':
;&Fwi
'woril cank: adr)ictict, boctti ioeighi, ci*t/clotrlrtg, .fa;sryntaarwss, tneflsies, sic.rcies.
szuaiiotL;, ioes, yeriness, gnllhiadaer.'iise therrr in seatences of your o14'n.

10 i
 UNIY 5 =r^/OftD BANK

tlse ilrc aocabuiary items in ints unit's uordbank s-s needed, for lessons, ayplications,
quizzes, and transl^ation practtce, unless otlrcrtuise indicated.. {ou tuill encounter many oi
these words in aiher units' aocabulary banks, and so, by repeated use, you zuiil master
thzm by the time you flnish tltis textbook. This unit includes the folloTolng:

t 6A: The Excretory System

a 68: Verbs - Modals
I 6 C: Diseases/Illnesses, Injuries/PLty sical Condifions N -Z
a 6D : T ranslation Practice

(to) admrt a r:atient: a interna u.n r:acient

-r ---*---
bean-shaped: 1n forrni de boabe de fasoLe
billin g: f acturare (delayed biliin g: factu.rare intArziat5)
bladder (urinary bladder!: vezici urinarX
blurred: incetogat, neclar, confuz
bowel movements: peristaltism intestinal
burn: arsurX
ito) check vital si.gns: a verifica sernnele vitale (respiratie, puls,
ternperaturE)
covered bv insurance: achitat/onarat de asiguiare
cystitis: cistiti
driver's License: permis de conducere
(to) empty: a goli
excretory systeu"l: aparatul excretor
fafl grisime (sr.rbstantiv); gras (adiectiv)
feees: f, ecai.e, excremente
fever: febri
{to} get pregnani: a r6.mine insircinatd
harmfi.li: nociv, diunitor
healing wound: ranE care se vinciecd. (in curs de vindecare)
hemafuria: hematurie, singe in urini
holiow muscular organ: organ cavitar
in great demand: foarte cerut/solicitat
kidneys: rinichi
liquid waste: reziduu iichiC
iungs: pIEmAni
name tag: ecuson
nanorv: ingust
nearby objects: obiecte apropiate
.,;, -
.,i:.,.r
ta2
';'ti!:
g1-a -
nearsighteCness (rnyopia): miopie
nephrifisz mefntd
nephrons: nefroni
noisy: zgornotos, gSligios
(to) occur: a surveni, a se produce
ointrnenh aLifie, unguent
oli guria: oligurie (mic gorarea v olumului urineior!
openin g- deschidere, orificiu
(toi perforrn: a indeplini, aface
pneumoc oniosis: pneumoconiozd
podiatrisfl medic specializat in afecfiuni ale picioareior
(to)poison: a otrivi
poiyuria: poiiurie (cregterea car.titifii cie urlni peste 3y24h).
pr esbyop ra: p r ezbilie, pr ezbitis m
rabies: turbare
-l-i-i+ic
IlrlllILIg.
- -i-i+X
lrlr^t&

salts: siruri
scab: crusti., scoarli
{toi scald: a opiri {verb); scald.: opireal5. (substantiv}
scar: cicatrice
seizure: crizi., acces, atac (dei
soiid waste: reziduu solid
sprained: Luxat, scrAnti$ sprain -luxafie
steam: vapori de api
(to) store: a depozita
strep throat streptococ in gAt, rogu in gfit
sudden: brusc, sulrit
tonsilliHs: amigdaiitH
tonsil.s: amigdatre
ureters: uretere
urine: urini
whoopi.ng cough: tuse convu.lsiv}, ttr.se md.gireascE
withdrawal: refragere
(to) write prescriptions: a scrie relete medicatre

iUJ
 UNIT 64': TF{E EXCRETCRY SYS"EIVE

Whai are bowei rnovernenis?

,}
Can vou narfle dre organs of the excretorv system?
1 What is ifre name of the iiquici waste the body eliminates?
IL Ufhy are kicineys important for tne body?

ffiW Choose from the box beiow to fili in the missing words
in the text and iabie. Use this unit's word bank arrd/ or a dicdonary if necessarv.

saiis liqutd w'ine bowe! moaements

kianeus bladder nephrons 'tubes

-l4e iearned hthe previous unit flrai the undigested food {feces or fecal materiai)
is renloved from the bodv with the help of the (1) (muscular activii"t
of the colon) through the colon's externai openlng, cailed anus. T"ne fecai materiai
is soiid waste, but our body aiso eliminates iiquid h,aste as u:'ine ia mixture of
water and harmful chemicais). The removai of solid an<i (2) waste is
perforrned b;,r the organs of the excretory systern: the colon - for soiid waste, twc
and the biarlder - for liquid waste.

The icidnel/s are two bean-shaped organs that filter out watet, (1)
. anti harrnful chemicals as blood passes through them. The,r, perform this job
ihrough theil nephrons ithe functionai unit of the kicine,rz): each icidney is n,arie
up af rnillions of (,5'1 . Urine is forme<i in tire nephrons. The activrty oi
the l<irineys is very i:nportant if ihey rion't function prc;reriy, ioxic waste

accirrnulates and. Doisons the bocilz ceils. From the kioneys, ttrine i.s carried to the
biadder througn Ewo narlo-* (6) callei ureters
t t rotc (each kidney has one
ureter).

The urjnart biacirter, or simpi',r ine (7j is a hoiloY/ rlrrltsCdai organ

-leaves
that stc'res (8) uniil it the boci-'r. TLre need to ernuty the biadder
usuallv occurs wi-ien hatrf liter of urine accur-luiates in ihe bladcier'

I Vt+
 J

I
#esla{

ffi&f,4

*,riaar4 #,a&b

i. \Alnat do kicinevs filter?

2. 'vVhat is iire furrciioi-iai -r;.iLit of -uhe kiciney'?
3. FIow is ui'ine carriecl fuom the kidnevs to the biaider?
4. When ioes the need to empi the biadcler rr-suaiiy occur?

A. I-ock at the labeied picture above and ciescribe the excretorv srzstern anri the
eiimination of soiiri and iiquid waste hy using dae foilowing verbs: remoue/oe
remor.ted, perfcrm/oe performect, filter, pass through, be marie up, be formeri, funchon,
accumuiate, store, be csried., be cnlied, iesae.

B. Look at the r:niabeleC picti.:.re ani describe ihe excretory system anci the
eiimination of solid anci iiquicl rvaste bv using the verbs aborre amd the foilowing
nouns: excretary system, soiid zuaste/fecai mstenal, iiquid zuasteiitrine, lacnev,s,
nephrons, ureters, bladrier, bowei moaements, Gnt$.

I
I
i
I

t
a

t
t

I \j j
The foilr:wing words are teiated to <iiseasesT'conditions of i:he excretorv siistem:
cystiiis, dysuna, hematuris, oiiguria., renai. Vyrite their <iefinition in Engiish by
iooking at the warC parts below. The firsi one is rione for vou.

cyst = biadder
- itis: inflammation
.i,vt: painful
',tvia = urination
olig: scanfy
hema = blood
ren : kidneys
- al : relating to

di,ttttt\n
j-'".-
"

/> fiaiy]6tufla:
\, ohauria,
\.-
renat:

Circie the right ar.swer:

1. Urine is formed in fhe
A. biadder
B. ureters
C. kidneys

2. Each kidney has two ureters.

A. true
B. false

3. Urine is the liquid waste oi the bociv.

A. true
B. faise

L
Urine is carried to the bia<iier througi-r
A. ureters
B. kicineys
C, nephrons

Kidne-vs cio not filter irarmjui cteemicais as blood passes through them.
A. true
B, faise
r06
:Y&_-Yqqi:

6. Crrstitis meafis inf,larnmae.on oJ the biariaer"

A. true
B. false
1

7. rnateriai is
T"ne fecal
A. sslid waste
B. iiquiC waste
C. nephrons

B. The condition of blood in the urine iscalled oiiguria.

A. true
B. false
9. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidne-v.
A. true
B. faise
10. \Alhen the kidneys don't work properl.rr, toxic waste accumulates anci
poisons the bociy celLs.
A. true
B. false

Now check your answers witir your groupiclassmates and correct the faise
sentences:

Senience no_:
Sentence no_:
Sentence no_:

1A'l
 UI"{IT 6E: VEEttsS - kI{}DAE S

Tile rnosi corngion modais are CAN, COUI-D , !uL.L'Y, I{IGI{T, SFIOULD, FfUST',
I-LAVE TO, WILL, artd WOU-D. i-ike be, cio, anl haae, modals are helpingvetbs,
but they are always followeC by the base form of the rnain verb and they are also
spectaiin that they cannot stand aione in a sentence - that's why exampies 2 and
3 below are incorrect:

L. Tlte nurse can speak three languages.

2. The nurse can soeaks three languages. (incorrect)
3. The nurse can three languages. (incorrect)
in orcier to recognize and use modals it is necessary to be famil"iar with them. The
foliowirg chart shows some rnodais with their meanings.

present abiiiry

Can I use jourpen? (infarmaQ

CAN
possibilif Sfre can 6e tfrere.

I coutd spea?,-Engf*fi. witen I was 12.

oermission
I I Caui{ i i;tss }ourpen? (pofite)
COULD I
I

possiiriiify | 5fi, couff 6e tfrere tontgfit.

I

DermI.Sslsn g(a-i,/mWfrt i use ,rour oen?

M,A-Y/ MIGI{T
possibilif'!/ i may/rntgfit 6e accepteci itt medira{ scfroo{.

advisabiiitv {ou sfioufd see tfu doaor.

lcgical ccnclusion {fie [octor sfioufd

i
6e fis7s fi"; nfru;.

i "A $ app{uanis mrst ta?g tfre test.

h{U3E
i probabiiiry
ir llonn i.rn't fiere ioaay. He must 6e sic4

108

"..
 TTAVil,T* neceSSltr,r
J
: i frepe ,c get e fiiglc score on t?,e test.
I

i paiite xesuest c,A/iff"'tou situt tfie Aaor?

ljj

WILL
refusai not agree La fi..

I past habit | 9/, waui"a ufffir fraurs 4lrer meetings.

WOULD polite request

3{e wou[dnot taQto me.

MAY to express what doctors and nurses

Based on the table belcv,z, use CAN or
are aIlowed/permitted to do, anri CAhii*JOT or MAY NOT to naik aboui wha:
nurses are not allowed/permitted to do. T"ne
first two examples are Cone tor -you.
but '/ou nnight want to redo them so as to altemate using CAb,J/MAY anri
CANNOTI}!d.AY I.JOT.
i allowed/perrnitted tc? i

j <ioctors i nurses
-----#-lvesiyesi
i. aciminister medicaiion i-'-
2. v,rite i -r..o ves i
i no
-^ i

3. cive i
4. perform
5. check vitai
6- qive advice to

1. administer medication
Coctlart t/,n al/futi?ilic{ mrdimrtbn froclort are afiwefrro*minler{ io a/rntnrfir
,ae"/r*rtau.
lvhrermn me/uartan, /oo. .Nurratrreart*e//Vcn trffet/
fo a /mrnyfer ma.lica rta n foo.

?. wrrre prescriphons
Aac/orinrautn/e.4rucnfii'anr,ir.'cior"ar'taf,cwcalia,ryatfea'?t
J;i/
wrie,rtrerriortbrt ,Auant maty' nor wn/e /trefin/tfr'oru: lv'artct are no"'aii5wu2frurw,'/rbt''
//Jlit

l ncir
 ----:.:.
i:i'.: :'

?,. gve iztjections

4. periarrn surgery

5. check vihl signs

6. give acivice to parients

In the affirmative and interrogative, both MUST and FIAVE TO indicate tirat
something is necessary, or strongly required:

Exampies; You vnust haae a meaicai exsmination if you zaant to get a drioer's iicense.
Do I haae to take a.n eye test if L taant to get a driaer's licsnseT
Yes, you hnae to take an eue test iJ you ruant to get a ririaer's license.

However, in the negative. MUST and HAVE TO no longer have the sarne
meaning:

MUST NOT (MUSTNT) : forbiciden/prohibited, against ruies/la-ws

Exampie: You mu"st not (tnustn't) drink and diae.

Meanirrg: ii is forbidden f agarnst tire iaw io dri:rk anci drive (T1lere wili be
conseeuences if you do.)

ii"i DC IdOT HA'',{E TO (DCNI'T I-{AVE TC1 = not necessary i

Exarnpie: \'ou do not lwae to (don't hszte to) clt)Tl 0. cor in- arder to get r, driuer's itcensc.
Meaning: It is rroi necessaq,z ta own a cai 1n order io get a ciriver's license
(You can obtaii:' a tl-rirrer's license even if r,,ou don'i own a cari,

rlar
I tu
gA.Mffim Which of the rwo statemenis airer eaci:r sentence best sho-ws the
rneaning ot the sentence?
a. The cardioiogist might go ro *:re r:rountai.ns for the weekenC.
- He was given perrnission to go.
- it is possibie he will gc.
b. V'le can't seii tlij.s d*9.
- We are unable to.
- We don'tneed to.
C. You cou-id be right about Fjs allergy.
- You are right.
-w'^.. *^.'
- I Lrtr ilrfl)/ l^^
ut *j^L+
rrbirl.
He should see the podiatist.
- It is advi.sabie for hirn to see +Jre poCiatrist.
- He ie c'i'-reri ne*::ission to see {:e r:od.lafi.ist
e. The patient won'i eat hospiial food.
- He refuses to eat hosi:ital {ood.
- Fie is not alloweci to eat hospitai food.
Choose the best wan, to compiete the seniencesT'diaiogues below:
a- "\Afhere is doctcr Praf{?"
"1'm not surg. He in his offuce."
should be might be wiii be

b. Have you noti.ced that sign, sir? You srnoke fu:l the
hospitai.
must noi should nct rion't have to
c. "'[ can'tfind tfus'i:atien/s recorcis."
"Y7ave you lookeri in the nev., file cabinet? We move<i all recoreis
fur ti:ere last week, so vou.r patient's file there ioc-
carr b€ anay be shouiri be

d,. she three Languages wh.en she was jusi i4.

can speak cou.id speak shoula speak

e. rvVhen iwas in rredicai schooi, i long hcruis for

each test. i had vetv gaod sf*dv habits.
wou-lC studv rnight stuctv couid studr;

F,racfi*e.C Transforrn ihe fr.,iio-wing senier:rces using mcciai rrerbs:

a. It is possii:ie &at thev refuse to acLmit this patient.

li I
 U. It is necessery to creaie a good irnage in orcier io increase
med.ical insurance sales.
C. It is advisable for them to price this drug at an acceptabie ie','ei.
L.t. The drug is in great ciemanrl, so it's obvious it will yiei<i a profiL
a We were able to read tfre rnedicai report last week.

Studv the information below to understand the meaning of past forrrus of modals.
l.lotice that you can use the following forrnuia for the past forms of the moclals
studied in this unit
rnod_al + have + past parficipie

Past forms of mociais MeawLwa Examples

should have + advLsaoLe acltow V* rno"tan*, ntked him

past participie (a.La. wot taPe- to gtae it to yott in wittng.
pLaoe)

-tle
couid have + past pos-cLbLLLlv, couiithaae hndhis own
oast participle (vtwcertaLw Lf ttAe medical practice if he
actLow occu,rred) zuanted to.

may/rnight have + past r.,o.ss[V:LLL|tl ile may hnae entsred anoth'er

past pariicipie (utwcertaLvu Lf tne medica! o1fce. I rion't knoto.
actLow acc,"trred,')

must have + PYOctabLLLtUl

I can't find rny irieniity tag. I
past participie must haae lfii it ai home,

$#l Discuss the meaninglmessage ci the sentences in the box beiow. For
each senience, determine whether )/ou are
a. rnaking a guess
b, saying vou're sure about something
c. saving something was a gooC iciea (advisable) but it <iic.n'i hapren.
d. saf ing something wasn't a good iciea but it happened.
e. saying somedring is possibie.
112
 i. saying someflahg is nci passibie

, - ,/ haopen.
Fie shouio have haci his erres testeri' t:"..--"*rr-
"

Your brother must have ieft the hospitai {eeling much better.
The hospitai coukin't ha-ve lost your medicai records.
You shouidn't have iaken tius medication.
Tnis medication nLight have given you a bad reaction.
i{e couldn't have perforrned the surgerv so late in ",}re evening.
Ycu must have known somefhing about my condition'
ilne ciiet insiruciiclrrs should krave been untire paper'

WffiTransforrn the foilowing sentences using past forms of rnocais:

1
!, It was a good idea to have her clinicai skilis tesieri, but she cli<i-n't.

2. I'tl'r sure ycvr sistei left the rnaternif secfion with her newbo::i.

- It is not possibie that ihe pharmacist losi yollI urescription"

-rou riiri.
4. It wasn't a gooci tdea ta appi:{ this orntureeni bui
t/orilaufrrt f i*r r,n, iiur/'ilu o*Arri.
vUy, J,lvgz.v.,,-y.,.,."..;/./.. -. - .-:-..
-

f. I guess nuts harre gi";err voli an atrlerpc reaction.

O. It is impossibie that he visitei the patient so iate :n the e-rening'

; . 1'm- sure.,.ou i<nevt'Scffi€l.hing ai:out rnv *rse'btLt?v '

3. 1t was a goocl id ea to have the riier i.nstruc$'-r j:IS LIii ?apel , but -'rou diiLn' t

get tirem o11 PaPe:'.

11-
 # * Transform the following sentences using past forrns of modai verbs:
{l-. Obviousiy there was a deiayed rnedicai biiiing.
b. I don't believe they called the specialist so late.
c. Perhaps the drugs har,.e alreadv been deiivered.
d. We are?retfy certain that the meciications were covered bv insurance.
e. If you had done your biood tests, everything would have been O.K.

1:u

114

**;a.
6$'.--
i*i:::
 -.ri1l:rB:Tii_T.l i.4i

UN IT 6C: E) I S E ASE S.#LLNE S SE S/{NJUREE S&r'HV S ICAL

Cr}NDTTI(}NS N-Z

Go over the vocabrrlurrylist beiow the tabie. Und.erline the words you are famiiiar
with ana/or those you carl guese, and write thern in the first coiumn in the table.
Then practice their pronunciaiion'

Go over the vocabulary list again. This time circle the unfamitiar worCs, anC
wrtte fhem in tle seconcl coiumn in the table. Then check fheir meaning in your
lan gua ge. Finaily, pt acfrce {reir pronm ci ation.

Words you k"no-w or You can New worcis and. meaning in,vour
ESS I h,'n..r^su
ExarnqLe: Example: tcar: cfuafnce

nearsi q frfednev {no un), u;:ua[{e{,ecf inwiici di:tani o$ecit a{tfear fiin*,'ed
{ruio;tia}
- ! .t. r ",
nePt4nfiJ lnounJ acute er cfrronic in{ammafioru of ifre tOdnrjt
r ., r 1
6olj we'krti causat eyasnue ar:cumukiion of
ohefiu Ln7unj increased
@
{a{ [zo% io Jc% olrer an in{iviiuais re*o**r*iui
we,gnt)

ofifis tnou,nJ inikmr*a tion o{ f[it e^n

acu{e or clironie iitu^su ,nar{,.{ rt, inikrnmafion oi frtt

ftneumcnia {nouni
r / r I
!unjs and c{rused l'y uiruset, haeteria, or chenvica{irrita*is

ri5
 9r.t.

aJL:1aJn
.lr
9w /t) ulAAWWUiut
./.Ij ., .
,J {u
yt 0 u} t!} !,} tl }?,t yt

',tOtlCUnJ

,l:,
,!!/c{i)0!O$hfu ou huilttff Gnssa J0 {4l{rtadb tou,t}cuqCI rilfic:t)
ljt
,t0LUv13

tuaf fica

uo Jo .scuala!{L ,tto,tj l, 'f.ro\ a,,!1 oiiicot4s ro frnAl s}4luat iun?uJ 0u,rtev"ii

yruci ]c uouuututwJut fufiju) talj|tfuci

.r
f/ru1i ayl j0 u1uvtl.tbwtJwyua "ta,+al hcl /4a2il0]cv,tiruc
iatt jo
I

i hq
t3?0c01qa4[ yeffiac y0,tu1aLil
Jflus
u?q?eJut
f lJ _' Ji Jii ./ J . [unau.) iaoary {,ia,tir
ar nlc arl ro Lt o i1 vc o) tf
s

inlqlun ln? jaulrotl uuy] ,,BJoa,rf,uoaow Jo a6ua,t

a^aar
u t4bnorLi] iraudvc si ittiz/ a'ii u?tjtvt ]u'dLilvo! v htn iut
e lunouiulrris
Grirld, u.t sa 'uo$rnnuoc,,to '*or), ycul]u uaryltr {unluJ enrqler

,utrls ay1]o arn]uwnc funou] ttro7ocr

JUraJat

JraJ0?tl

tvu ro frrney eca},tnr a aaila uds efi uo

la1>Jrwu l'iln1u] rwr
"Funn{n
Luua]r ro pmby ptl glyn uinq $;an1y1at[
iullriljo loJ , 6upnyor,)
l.an7
o]!w c.gt.tvrarl v yasnao atazry ub1,r;n0hu1u0c funauli
I
saaucs
'l

f *"""' "*i" "7' - ":"""" i'"* "*""7.f """*'7 r'""''

vil/nnJv frr,rror, ,, frr, ,nnnr, 1/it)u trtn, uatrt ,nl tcr rt J *""^j
fttmntt) ilu.tc
'(
7"""
,;aua,tqurcut ,rnozytw [ar1u)
Jq,tyu
ay]
]0 uo4aatwvJut {unou) qiluly,,j
!,1]t ?,p/tuq tyt$o*r)
[r1 ya ma11 o]' a quau]a p p uo /
rsl u0 /t$sa,t 66a' tuau,u1,cla

ay nj r u ! r* o
1,) * tt u,ra ]s fi rn o tre u vuJua c
J
a
!] $
c ap a

tv!1 {s1au1ua joi ataaiyJart{})r}v! qy6t? 'rnogca}u1 {unouJ salTur

sc/'
i'J0 uoucnao"ttl teui busnn;o
r r
butuwtttoc
-l
t"htu)r. luou,tnt/
i '-t i ' jj t.-J J
r'- f' ,^i i f a t/- |
sjz?lc!0 kaus;u u0 aftrous stlcal ur al,ft aw io ' hxfiqaut [uv]ouJ stc/ohgra,ttl
r 'j _i -i' .i i ,tii t'J'J
,I
auun ia u, ornrruri rtt{sacxa [i/]1ou) alrnnJoq
it2tng curorltLi
ij,,!J;J,J_t;-;
vty tlrteufit [,,rrrritr] r:snu
I
owt a ut/
-,n,-

:d da2!4lailLtt itual-t uoi iiq rtasa? i.tunt aut .!c ;,rae .rt:,t { ull
(,r o Lt } st so iucc
7.twr!;?j
' .5_
..f:-

.ra
ilfrciniti: i'nounj tnf mwwt.S10t t), |4A':!GGi1,)o
r,raa r " i,: . ,..;.
uenefeai disen:e i?70u7]rt i'e/uallti t"friiiT.tttit1d dt:e[iJe. Mcn aJ sUhhiiii andf
J!
qonorfheot
t- f. f f. i". t. .,r !' fi
l)ertiqo inoun) of trfequ{ar 0f wmrnnq m0D0/L etther 0i
-i Ane|eti
-.---- i
'ewafi?n
f r i /'.
0r 0r elierval 7weett

wrtoopina cory6 tnoun) rt,3 fr

0 cln ta q i o u.t ii t uos u a i f h e res li ra n nt sys fem,
ut u o [{,q fficfi n31, fri {r{rrn, ^nr{ c horo cte* ze[ h.,1 s hasms of
:
co ug iiry anc{ ncist4 ins
iirati on
!
,:
wrirtirawa{ [noun,i /ef a c rtm e n t fr o nt s o c i a { o r em o ii o n a I i nu o fu ern en i

Cover the definitions anC gc down t}e iist irlary to expiain each
ii':E
item in your owl1 words.

IA/1-^+/-
Y?ITAL
+l--,
J LIIC Engiish for cicatrice, amigdalitit, tuse conuuisiad., boaid
,-tenertcd?
iAlrrat's the Itomanian for rrcnrsighteCness, scald, seizu?'e, sprainT

Use the Engiish word,s i:r ,-ppiicaiion 2 i-tr sentences cf yout ort/rr.

Cc#ditions ibi'.Z Crcie tne

correct anslnrer. The last three questions are based or1 tire orevious unit
(Diseases/ Iitnesses/ iniuries/ Phvsical Conciirions A-M)

i. hiearsighteCness is a visuai defect in whicir

A. close ob'iects ap?ear unclear
ts,. distani objects appear biurred
C. coniuncti,;a inflammation is preseni
') The infi.arn-rnation of the ear ls callei,
A. nephritis
B. tonsiiiifis
C. odtis

Pneurn-onr.a is
A. a clisease cf the i;.mgs caused- 'a',, Lrxsg-term inhaiaiion cf dusts.
especiali-r: mi.:re:ai r:: metaliic dusis
B. a hishiv contagrcius ciisease of the respriator), s:ystem, usuai.i','
aiiectj"ng chiicire:r

iil
ffi
C. az: acute *r
chronic iii.sease nt;rked n'r, "a{laanr:lati*n is{ t"n* :::ngs
anC causeabv viruses,bacteia, sr chemrc-& irri.tanis

4. A ciust forrned frorx am-i c'cvering a ireaiing vuounci is a

,A, ^^^L
--t. >LdU
E" scabi.es
C. scar

5. ScaiC means to burn with hot iiqlriC or stearr'..

A. ffue
E. false
/ 1.Al:+L.S-^',,^1 ^ -^*^^r-:^* *^i-i^-
r). V I lLlttllClvvG.-[. I-tLE().li] O. ^S:--^-.,1^-
D=l.lJC.LILJil Lrl iai(:<Liaar iltl-rLI\JIl.
A. true
ts. false

7. A seious ,ry*ry or shock to the body, as from vioience or an accicl,ent is

ic'lown as
A. rurrior
B. trauma
C. sprain

B. A ryst is
A. a pathoiogicai condition c,f the larvrtx, especiaiiv iri cididren,
characterized bv respiratory difficrrity an d cough
B. an abnorrnal sac under skin f-tllea "siih liquid olr sernisolici
substance
C. the inflam::aation of the urinary blaiCer

is an acute, inflarnmaiory, coniagious disease characterized

by svreliing of the salivary glands
A, rnumps
B. measles
C. rneianon-ra
i.0. i{erpes is a vi.ral ciisease causing i}re eruption of small Lrlisiers on the skb'
or mucous rrrembranes.
. A. true
B. faise

I!oi.u., check vcu-r ansy/ers witir l.our gro,;plciassrnates an.4- ccrrect Li-rr: raise
sentence{s i:

Sentence no-:
r16
t to
 iiFJgT &E]: I*'HIT {} Tl--iri';3 -;l::;:-; ;- i;": i+: .
L i_'a; L\-
i: ! :-
-L ,i i._ c ,

i-isre* to earn serrrel]ce jn B belcr.v anci repe+.t

ri in Engiisi'r.

PrCr:lan"ea:t:

1 Ti.r.eneeC to empr:y thebLa*,cer usuaJ"ly occurs w'nen iaaif trjter of wine

accwmulates i:t ti-ie bladciel.
i irright be ar:ce::ieo in tl'le inter::veter ti aining prolrarrl
J, You shoulci ask the ioctcr to :nange vour strep tnroai::re-"crirtrorr.
LI i can't itr.a my narne tag. i rnust have'iett tr. ar ihe hsspital
Sl're couict have trierl sor:fte natural remeiies c;n her scar.
Sire s.trouldhave ireateci- her vaginiiis bef.cre get*ring pregnant.

**'s.?*icffi Trans iate tir e foii c'rrrin s se.ntencp-s # r:tr,

F.oinania;r' il ito En giish :

DacI rinichii t*: fr:ncdoiteazd. cu:re tr:ebuie.. se uat acwmulia reziduuri

iaxice gi uot otrdvt ceiuleie corpuiui.
Tusea wtdgbreasch.oaate fi caracterizatli prin accese c*nvu.iswE ie tuse sl
insnirafe zgomotoasi.
Tlacl ohiectele fudepdrtate if per neclare, s-ar putea s5 ai iniopie.
x
Tratarnentui tdu de l:ne,.:-::tonie n'ei:uie sa fi fost achitat de asi.g":.rarea- ta
medicald.
'iret re ros sei-i ceri pacieniuiui si--st ciescrie r::tzeve7
1..;

n Eiirrinarearezia*uriior s,oliie r;i iicldce si: la:e '.ie cdtre +rta;ieie

apatanslui exctetar.

Wi,lW :W;a*'eiuriic*'l'he
-bani<.:
iru'iovixrlg ten vocab*liary iterns are irom rnis
ll-rtit's vt'+tti bczue! iitot)s:x.eitts, di.eck.ztttat sigris, i'm,^mft;"i, scnb..
sar*inieCl, Voisoii, iiz,er's iicetsc, airctmeri. ttad,iatri;t. ie?naturin. Use t-he:lr ir:
se;-itences ci vaur oai'.li.

i1a
ffi..

,Jse t'ne z;ccirbt;iar"! iterns fu titis w'tit's'tu*ribank s.s needed,.io. iessans, a?piicat'tans,
c1rtz7es, *nd irawsistiott'orsctice, uniess ailr.erzuise inciicatett-. {oit r-oill encounier rnanu of
iltsse z1c?.ti,s iyt otiwr u.-rt.its' ,.tacabuiat3i banks, itnd so, bA rryeflted use, yow zliii tncsLer
-finisit ikis textbcok. T?tts imit inciuaes the iolialtting:
-you-
th.sm bi; the itrnE

" 7A:T!& hieraous System

* 7B: CorLnectors
* 7C: Treo-trnent A-7
" 7D: Transiatton Practic.e

: exatl., f o r e s p u 11 zat tw, p r e c i. s

at *et at ei v*

affordabie: perrnisibil, accesibil (ca bani, ti*pi, elisponibii

awpiiant *: <i is r: oz it{lr, lnstru rterai, agl arai, in stalatie
itof avoii: a e=rita
baneiage: bali,.d.ay
-ne
{to} warn: a fi pa,r-t"rat {is worn: este purtatl
bone Enarrow fuanspianil iransplant d.e rxrbduvi
brar.e: ptotezh
brai.n: crei.er
braiclstem: flrunchi eerebral
rrrffi$cle bunclle: Sascicral *e {xbre rmuscuiare (bundle: fascicul, mehnunchii
(toi canceL: a areula, a canceia
cas!/piaster: giaii:s
ceffitra] nerlrou.s systerta: sisteraaul ilerr/os centrai
cerebrtirsi: creierul sr?are
chirog:ra ctic: ch.iro yr acr.fu-a
c:aniai nerves: nervi. craniezri
{toi cure: a virndeea
ttatr d.etriv€r: a ffitssi, a asi.sta }a rtagteri: alivta
ito) ciesf,rov: a ci-isf,ruge
itc) iiveril a deri=,,e, a" {.seil abate iie la
*izzv: ame'rii
<iressing: Bansarr!e:?i
exn es ge3:r f v tre atm e fi?: $ a!.atrLe nt d e wr E* ,:{tl"
ii*e: subf{re, fin
{.tysk erdt prim ajutor
fiorer of Liicoci; i\,ax.ld-ebi.t. ctlrgere de s&nge
ga'*z,€: iitcr:

120
 gra"., xfl a tter: *tater i*-:" sw .b st
ar:tI * enu s i *: i a cr e i eru i.;: i
neari*g a-id.: aparai auriihv , prorezi, aueitir."i
tw.paired itea:'ing: defect ae auz,i:uruc$ie audit..ivE altercr,a
in-patien* paci.e*t i.nternat in svita.i; paci.e;:it tratat ?n unitate a svlta]llceasci
medtr.al suptrlies: instrumerrre, produse de uz me<lical
tnrltar il etrr,es : nervi rnoteri
mouthwash: api cie gurE
naturezrathv: aneCicini rafuristi
needles: ace
nervous systeur: sistern nervcg
olfactory nerve: fiel..,r altaeiiv
opening: deschidere, orifici.r:
avt-pa-tten* pacieut care nr:-::eeesitx rclternase in soitat; Facient
ambulatori.rr
peripherai ner,rous systern: sisiem nerv{}s periferic
itoi pierce: a str6pflflge, a gdle.l:,.
Prescriptiasz r etetE me <ii caii
{toi i:romote thera?yi a acceleialgrtbi, i.rtlesni teraaia
race: cursE, intreeere
(to! receive; a prirni
reiatives: r,ede
(tci save rnoliey: a econernisi ba*i
sense $rgans: organe cie sirnt
sensory nerves; nerrri senzitivl
smeil: rreiros, sirnf'.rl mirosu.iul
soft tissue: tesut moale
spicv: picant, iute
spinal cord: rniduva spinErii
spinal Rerves: nerrri spinaii
splinting: ateiE
ito) start one's ow]l meriical r:i'actice: a-oi desch:<ie cabinet medical prcpriu
skip: faqie
swailowin g: inghi rlt, i*gni r e
{tr:} train: a {se} inslru#pregd[, a forrrra
ireaiment: f,ratament
{to}wear: a purta
{to} weigh: a cdr,tbsi
rrring: artpdlcarp ae cld&we

tr21
 iiFJiT 7 Az TiiT i1.1HF"V'':]T-jE 3YS,TEir{

** - :i*j.
:'ff-'"r}55€&5S18?;
1" rr,{/i1*U
does the nen,ous s.y,stafil ic,?
2. What bone protects tne craim.?
?r. Arpro;,.i:nareiy ho-w nruch dces ihe ?iuman brai:i wetgn?
4- -fiinat are nerve ceils caitreri?
5. Is the sainai cord pafr of tire rLer-i/ous sysre:ri?

F.r;e Choose froi:.1 the box belorv to f;li in ihe srissing v.rori-s
ir-r the text a:r,j tabie. Use this unit's -wrsrd bank and.f ar a itLcaane-rv ti nec e s sz,T-,! .

;1o1.loh?no 't<,levu hvnnoc OCLfrNCE ffLgSSA?_eS

ro ll {tvo tt iowt'o t.
/1 c iLILLOl U'LL;i *- LSaTmflq
I O
optic

Our oaa;v is coord"inateci by the lrervous si/siem: it receives, t7)

-- . anrj
responds to messages from the Dacy or ti-ie environment. Ihe basic unit of tire
I?ef/ou.s systern is the nerye (?) 0I fieuio11.

BunCles of neurons forsr fi-ie nerves: sei'isotr,, nerves carrl' i3; ii:om
ihe sense organs to the brai:r and the spinai cord; motor nerves carry rxlessages
-brain
frorn the a;rC tire spinai ccrd io other ooair llaffs. Ti:e ne;-,rous svsiern
ft;.nctions throt-rgh neR/e rmpulses -- messages irr the form of elech,ic cili:renis
transn"uitei irorr ilenlron to {1)
t-
I .,Y,- I

,,.,
I .tS:t:_Z/: -/_
:llt e .+r-..f;;-*+.*.-- : ..'-(F
\tl ':h, f

-brain
T'he aflc the splnai coicj. conirci ail ti.i= aciions of the *af.y, T1-1e1, for:n the
central ner\zolis s-rrsteui. The i"luntart ayaiy is a mass of scft tissr-ze weighing a-bc;ut
i4A{: grams proiecteli n3, *re si<uil. It ls rqracie up of ,ryhite and gia=,, Eiarter
ccrverecl ay \5) cai.iei. i'oeriinges. Ti:e different part^e of ine bral-,
fieliarrfi riiffelent iuncticns. For ?xarrt-T)'le, tlle ceyehrurn ls responsibje tar
ai-:-- l-;* .= ! d'. g, ar,G i'oluntat
=lrstci * aciir;ns; the
:.1llj. t.i\.l^ a:_, !,ii.i cpea kifr-?.,
r
:tt
-'*",riiin
anlsj-tsfl
YY1/Lrara-., a; ul:italt-"
ccrebeiiurfi .ont..its i7\ Gl il-i lricion (such as it-: ia.aii<irr5; iur"ning
:1il.

d z::r'i'l-lc.i: inr= ?taii-.SiU:l alfe:::;

:
'::iocc-i 3E?5r-'.:Ie, rioLi: :e rri1]i':.cini-1'rj, ;::.;
s:+,aiic'+ring.

1.2:
.:: .

f'he cenffai nervous systern is connected to a}I bodv ,arr-s b;u crania-l ani sp:.na.i
nerves which f.attr. tl"ie perinherai fiervous svstsrn. Tirere arc 3.? pairs of craniai
nerves which begin in- different {8) of the Drayn astci ate na:nei
accorcling to their f,.rnctions, such as th= (9) _-_----. x.ierve (responsi o'te {r-ti
vtsicn), the olfactorv llerve {responsible fot'r-he ser*e cf srneiii, or some of thern
rLave rnixed functions. In general,, the F.rncdons ot il-re sanial neryes periaii'i
mairly to the aciiviiies of the head and neck. There are SL pai.rs of spinal nerves
originating in the spinai corC. Thuy go through coenings in the {10)
anci are responsibLe for carrytr.g m.essages to/{ram the spinai cor.d anci the bratr
to all bcdy parts.

n
What is tLre differerrce befween t1-,e sensorlr nerves and ti-re mcior nerves?
-v4Lhat
^'
/-. function does +,he cerebmm perform?
J. !{irat art o'i tne brain controis bocv temperature?
Where cj.o craniai neryes ori.ginate?
-1
V?-hat nerr/e is respcrisibie fcr the sense ci sm"eli7
How c:,ari,v pairs of spinai ile?'ves are tkere in tne hurrran borir.r?

.&E?p$ibaEeu
A. In tvvo separaie coiutrns, rtrriie down tile most important no:::rs ancl verbs :.:::

the seconC paragraph. Then d.escribe the centra.l nerrior.ls svstem using ther*.

|'ior-rns \ierbs
'n
rr:ii; c0|ttrrst

1,n1.
B.Ir. twt sepal:ate ccLurirr:-g, wrtte dov,'n tlte rnost in'r-portant nocins ancl ver-bs in
the third paragraph. Then <iescribe ti're centrai nen,ous sr,rsiern using then-r.

Nou-ns Verbs
bodti paris _be connected_

The foliowing words are reiated to diseases/conditions of the ner''rous system:

cere'Wal, encephatitis, menin.gitis, neurcLlgia, neuitis.Wrtt-e their clefinition in English
hrr took.jng at ihe worci parts beiow. Tne first one is cione for yori.
vf

cerebr: brain
- ai:
pertaining to
en = urithin
cephal: head
- itis = infiamrnation
mening = membrane
neurc : nerve
- a\pa = pain

\-|''tr/-,/
7 eerebral: rterf*/ll/ila lo tfre
/ .-/
blalfr
\. / !,r_
P encelthaittts:
I

J
s, ,t.
P neuralfia:
J

*t ,tf*erveug Sy,ib'err4Circie the correct ansl\"er:

L. Motor nerves cerr\r messaftes trorn the sense organs tc the brain anci
. spinai corC.
A. rrue
Ll. tdrnlj

Z. hjerwe impuises are messages transmitted from neurorr to neurcn as

eiecrric currenrs.
A. true
B. false

1'\ "4
:i;:.:r' '

"_ :'

:; 3. The cereb :.rm. controis bloo<i pressltre.

', A. true
, ;
B. faise

,1,,, 4. The brain and the spinai cord form the

A. cenirai nervous system
B. brain siert
.'{ C. peripherai nervous system

,,1 5. Spinal nerves begin in the brain-

':i A. true
.l B. false
:i 6. The nerve is responsible for the sense of srneltr.
', A. opiic
B. olfactor,v
- cranial
C.
7. A neuron is a
A. nerve impulse
B. nerve cell
C. membrane
8. The membranes covering the brain are called
A. gruy matter
a B. skull
C. meninges
:r;
,.' t
j,:1
9. Cranial and nerves connect the centrai nerwous system to atl bod,u
1 parts.
i e. ootic -
,',i
.''1

i:,i
8, spinal
,:'i '1 C. vertebrae
j

f 10, Meningitis means inflantmailon of the brain rnembrane.

'r1
,!
A. true
:i :.
B. false

Now check your answers wiih your group / classmaies and correct the ialse
ti
= seniences:
.,i

i
.i. a -
)entence no :

i .>enrenceno :

:: bentence no_:
_i!
:t.
1
.{ ...,

-ij
,.,:- 1?<
lL-,
|t. '. -:

'i" ,:.",
4r':.'
*a;:i: . -
1r':l-
UHIT'78: CONNECTOR,$

Conjunciions {connectors) are used io connect words or phrases with the same
grammatical funcfion: the worcis before or after these connectors must have the
sa1:le grammatical form.

Verb Yerb
AND
Aciverb BiJT Aciverb
OR I

l'ioun NOR Noun

a a irfrt
A5 vv-trr-L Ai] Y n
- l

i
Acijective Adjective
T_-
I

Exampies:

aur doctor usualltl arriaes at g:}Aam andleaaes at 4:A0pm.,

The arugs they sell are eificient but expenskte.
He could zaork as a meriical assistant or a lab assistant.
T'ne recepttonist types fast cts usell as accurately.

Noun

Verb
BUT ALSC
."\i\u
i LTN

Exarnpies:

3ttr lab assistorii is nof o'niu proiessl{}nai but aiso rueli-tratnetl

I

?
adiective adjective

ttb
=HE*t!::i
'.q-:
.:. '

Tne rectp-rlantsf" i,nes bath .fast nnd nccu.r::e!t.

ii
r'i
advero adrlero

fle boih sfrtriies and iuqt'ks. Iie is ruot on!.u a sty.dent but also a. nurse.
il"ll
Y?YV
rrerb verb noun nolu:r

Correct the rnistakes in the senterices beiow:

A. The Meciicai Engiish course was very i:rieresting but cost.
h Nurses, as weil like doctors, work <iirectfv with patients.
C. The letter -we receiveri frorn our interr:reter contains mistakes in grar:rrnar,
_-- _Ir:._ _ _ _, r-_, I r.
sperrurg dIlQ sf_vusnL.

#9#6# Fili in the bianks 'a,ith the rnissi-rg r,r,oras of the expressions "not
butaiso. ..","as weii as" or "both. -. afid..-"
a. fhe new meciical suprlies . moi'e eccnomicaJ'otzt also more
atkactive.
b. FIe has .. the tirne and the moner.r to staii his own medical
practice.
c- Thel, bought the drug for its a-':aiit,v , for i.ts aiforcable price.
d. The cardioiogist lvas . hungrv and til'ed after the suigery.

"Becatlse"f "because of" and "due io the faci ti'rat"f"d\r,e io" express cause,
Flowever, "because of." anc. " due to ihe faci fuat" are foiicrr,'eci bv subjeci a:,d
verb (:clauser\, urhiie "because of" anl "dite io" are foiioweil -by noul-rs (or noun
ohrases).

r).arflple6:

Tiu nospiia! ruas abie to btiii,i. ri tleiil it:itzg because it receiaeri -ctgl'niccytt
aonc,tiotts.
-:*
1

c--: hron.
B,
velD

..::j i7?

j :,:l
,<97--- '

Trte liosaiisi :::as rible i* ittnld- ,, ':1e7{7 :iting becauss *f liTo sisnificnni
rionailons it recetuei.
I

i
Er

noi.ln phrase itfre nourr is "iionations")

Prices rose due to the.fatt that ircnltJrcare cosis increased.

Prices rose. riue ta the inCI'ease irL heaithcare costs.

ldote: more deiaiis aboui ciauses and phrases will foilow rn Unit 8.

e#
V.; UE;€ identify the fciiowing as cause (C) or effeci (E), and then combine
---i. **i- -., I^lI +-.r-:t- 1 --,J n --^:^- it:t la *ho dt-i +l"o+, 2 o_A A ,,ri^t ,annn.,nn, i
^_^J
c, using because;7 arfi E using riue ta;9 and 10 using because; arrd 11. and l2using
-because
o"f.\'wo pairs are aireadv combined for =,,ou. klake chanhes as necessary.

1. The operation was canceileci. (E)

2. More tests were neecied. (C)

She dicin't feetr weii.

She calied the doctor's office to make an appointment.

f
Medication makes the patient dtzz,,,.
6. Tne patrent reruseC medicaiion-

- The treatmeni' was sr.iccessfui iE)

a The corrdition u*as iiagnosed. promoiJl,. (C)
fielreatytreflrtua.ri,t/ccgi-rfi/hfreiaftomrt/afaanai:t

\rie calieC 911.

Cur neighbor ccrmpiained of acute abciomi:ral pain.

ivirs. Tones arroic|s Stricv foods.

"i.
1'l
i;. Mrs. jones has an uicer.

t-o
T::'

Fill il:t the bianks r.nriti. eithe: "be.ai:se " ,:,r ,,becat-;.;. D{,, .
'X. wete upset
Tne-,v= . the nurse's behavioi".
2. sne dio not Du-.,/ that thermomerer . its price was tco higit.
3" . he has just iost his job, he rs hu?py to accert tiris part-Cme
r:osition in the hospiiai.
4. . tiru-, agreed to pa'y the meciical biil, he decideC to accepz
their terrns/ coniiijons.

"Aithough", "iR spite of the fact that", ar,{i. "whe?eas" are usei,when facis or
figures are contrasted. 'I-h"y are aiwavs follcweri bv a ciause (subject + verb). "nn
spite
i
ot" and. " despite" are foliovted by nounsr/noun phrases:
Although sire oraered the prescnptio'n tutc ciays ago, ii is not reaiy.
o'r:
Tlu prescriphon is not reaay, although she ordered tt ftoo ciavs ago,
Ei 't
subject
,q i

VErD

Whereas rrentmen.t costs went dozun in this itospitn!, in all oiher itospziais
thzy increased.

Now choose the correct form frcm tire parentheses:

iln spite oflalflrough) h.is aoot Engiish, ire rnanaSrtd. ia corrunulltcate
iris probiern very cieari,v.
{Al+Jrough/ despite) the cieiayeC sl-ripring, ihe dru-gs were deiivered o*
firne.
traricing fees were i;rcreased {d.espiie/in spite of the fact that; rtriarli-
obj ections from hospitai emp io=rzees.
4. {irr spite of the fact ihai/ai'Jroughi the insurance refused tc cove:: iiris
;:rccedu-re,. I was able io have iL.

?ileg#l*u,,H R.ephrase the sentences above ipraciice Ei using :he iolm th&t -r/or;
have*"'r chcsei': iin pracice El.
:- i'le n-ranageti to comrnunicai: hls prcblenl rre*'
ciearir,'.
.}
the drugs were cielivered on iime.

i7
 -t'i
? arksrrg i'Jes era inc;:easeni,
...,1 was abie io have it.

"Ss tktat" has ihe sarne meanrng as "itl or{ier that", anC the;,, arebo{rv fcllo,wed
by the same grarnrnaitcal sfu-uctrire.

_--.- RESUi-T CLAUSE

"3othat" is frequentiv followedby these constructions:

r-resenz rense

Past tense --- so th.ai --- ... couid

.. . might
" ^. 'wouid

Exami:ies:
SIE saaes lrcr money so that she can pay ior plastic surgery"
Siw saaetl her maney so t:jtat s'itt cowld pay ior plastic surgerv.

?.za*dt*t$ lr{rite ihese sentences lrr- the past tense:

7. She studies harrl so that she can pass the board exam.
2. Tney train everyr-lav so that they mav win the race.
3. Fie takes vitamin C dally ciuring the f1u seascn so that he won'i catch a
cold.
4. I wani to search thre internei so ttiat I can finri ou.t more about bone
rrlarrow trans.pLant.
5. She shoula ca7l"her rioctor tociav st thai she vuon't have tc waii untiX
arte.r the hoiiiavs.
i@?-,

iildi? 7C: T reatmnent A-2.

Ga ovet the vocabular,v iist beiow tl-re tabie. Un<ieriine ihe '*rcrds vau alefamiii;ir
',.^,ritj: and/ or those you can guess, and vrrite them in &e firsi coiumn in the table.
Then praciice their pronunciation.

Go over the vocabular.rlistagain. This time circle the r:nfa:rriliar worcis, and
wtite thent in the second coiurnn in tabie. Then check their meaning in vour
"he
ian guage- Fin allv, praciic e their p ronun ci ation.

Words vou know or lrou can woris and rneaning in your I

I

age
E,xampie; acurtancfaff I
Example: ur/70V

{trocee{uye in whic ytecific areat aJiociatuiwifit

{

eri{tfiera{ner;et are fiiercelwitfi line neeolies tc hrowote

f
fheranw
IJ
6 a nfag e / dr us i n q fn o wn J striB oi'rnaieria& sucrt ar.aauz,e utedto Trrotect or suftport

wouni 0,, iniure{ fioiy fiari

^
6one m^,rcw fran:piani [naunJ iechniqwe in which frone rnorrow is remweifrom 0w.

{teron
anitr*wltianief ;n another

6r^rt {ncuni ortio1rerfrc afpiance frtat:wytpor* or fro{c{s o ry,oua{ifr,

nart of frt.e icoay a cowect hoitf o* *6i{e *ii*inq rysoiion

of the ftan
trr
lc\fifr$ Ln1un j a[tema{iue ffnsse,qe createa!surqicai,4 ic rifuerf tit fbi+ oi'
!-t*rJ
lri000i

r {i
 - :,' .f a : a I
x5 i 7,r'i; Inrte ri ;s c ui,+ i nqlA fireS::fiq, ;.!;i;/Zlltt ryfrCt€ Ci [itZuIL tzj,tfr filtSi'ei",
, .
!.i],J,; i{;

" i.i la i . . ,
;Tnn1?{Jiittg frn lniur9[/, !-.)00tu triif:. fri it.t 61 r{ficiure n:"

ai:{ocaiion
t' ,/' .t ; I a ./'- I t I
Cnem?tl4effr FIU L nC L{n r :re^imenL c[ cfrt]cer u:lr,a ihecfric cnemlcfrl c,qenti ct fitLtql
i.J
tr , t , rf
tl+at desryotl cancer cel!: and iis:Laei

chirofiractic fnouni t14i{ew o{

t tfieraou [r*st/ on i6e,re{afionsfrin
''"'i""-'-
hetween fke
_/ tJ
'' / i r i r r ftf i r, ,',f t' f
{nuJ'cut1.tKcleiat rtfuctu{es 6n0l rhe f wncrions 0[ the h0d4,

iparficukrg of ffre :Bina{ ca{um,t nnl fhe yteruuut

:\Siern)
, t. /'lf /: ft/
cwre fnomj re|mrntl?n or l,)aalth; rec7uerry irorn rtriseate

.(:--..i -: J' f.- -. ... ) t.-^ -t.^. ---! ^ ^f,-^:--:-t-..- i'i- :-^:-.--^ -l' ^- ^, ^L
--- I7t!ut,ea
li{)L u}u L rtuuilJ urrlo?'uaituu Lt aLTLtf tatrL h{rtt{tilit}LEre6 Lc (n7} tjr Sicili
JJJ,
l'terscn [rrfort ht'cie:'sianaI carc is' auait)tife
iiil
I - f r l
beflfinq a][.{ Ln}uy}J :ma[ eie.c{ronic aht'taratu:
ll
tfia; amnfrfies
i i
io*ni nny' is

woffi i4 or hehin/ {;e ear l0 clmbensafe r'or imnr,tired

iti

he[tfina
i' , r f t
tYnhlo,nt l'Jerh J
!
lnJ',eft ct embea an 1lfiect
.JJJ 0r fr ,ieuice suratcallt4
r/ .'. . r. /
iniectfon fnoun/ tlte act 0f intecitllq [i Juhrtance into a n'yue or zraall
j --t
r. r f ) , i. ! i' / .t' r' r
efi [ I't']o uy] J wh0 i; arl,"nitted t0 a hc:iciia! or clinic icr
t,fiatient
174*. hfr R
i

treafmeni {itn{ reqwires at iea:t sne cueffiiqfri:iali

iJ
r) ,.f. I i, t . r,t f r f ,f t.
n'la.rfirqe in0utltJ rubbina or Kneadinc! ct' fiarts oii the haciw iw thei,aheuiic
r J 'l u'
ht ril&tnta?
iJtt, lJUr w-'
1i
[- t- ;' ; f.
n')eatcfrfi1n {naun,i n'teatet?Je

_{n0bitnyilJ,l/it'.rl f, i/. .:' 'i t ,r ,.,t ir i.

{ ilCr{n r, medf caienl tiqwid useot fot, cteaninc tne ntoulh anLi lreaiinq
I.j
, tl I-t.
ml naf rno u tn 30nd1 it 0 n.l

r ri' f t f / ' / ./
- 1

nfr turo fia tl't'i4 i fio t&]J il4Jte'ffi 0f l']aiurfrl remedieJ in wnicn neii.ncr iLti6ticat no;,
ii -/
!
-_;

n'iert;c'inat 6oeni: are uted'

1Li t- f)ir[t e?]| ! n 0 L,! vi -; hcr)cni *"t'tfl iJ al,rr'tifted :0 k !40tt'tiLfri tr ,:!inil it;:'
l
I t
, r,
treatmetit thar aces nat:lsqtiire fifi {Jternf 0ilii tifit,i
r r-/' I t )' ,. , l, r
rt nu-r;ca { l.i erfriJ L4 { nouvt.., tieo,rru!nt i.- f?n14flcal clulrunctt1vi cr t.iluf,r in.t Ifig ntt ,,-
! ,L it -./

txercifi

i -;L
#.WF
11,,;, :,
;ai.

::r

fgc7n.ttrucilLtg t Lt{Gefl I ! ;i c fft.:.; :'riraert

,aia:;ic
ji|il{tilnq in0un.i fiEacnnq fr fiece ff w000t 0r meta{ ri :7mfine'] aTyn cr iltj
iJ

!/t / ff ,-.f ,f
tcurruquet lnounJ a ievice, funfca[l4 a #qhfiw encirc/ina inn/aqe, useti jo
J! J r J J J''"'""'-"
cheekhieeiinq by temytorari$ sroltlti7g fhe {ow o{6kor.t'
tfrrouqrt * krqu arfery in a im6

ffiCoverthec1efiniiionsan<igodo*,,the1isttry:ngioexpiaineach
terrriinoiogy item in your o-wn woris.

What's the English for pflnssrftent, ghivs, apd de gurd. prirn aiutor?
W. hat's the Romanian foi' brace , hearing aid, in-aaf,ent, sahntznE?

! Lise the Engiish words in Ap;rlication 2 in sentences of ry'cir.r o\,yr-r,

i; ,+
...,..;'.-.:"-,i4 :1,j:,:; i |,!.:|i.
.afl:.' &:rglaffitenh A-Z Crr
^.
cI e th e c orrec t ans r,rr er :

i. A rigid dressing, usually rnacle a{ gauze ancl piaster, used to irnrnobilize

an injureci bodv pa*., as in a fiacture or disiocation, is caiieci
A. brace
E. cast
C. byuass

2. T'o insert or embeci an object or a device surgicaliv

A. irnplant
B, inject
{- a11TD
Lg!1-

3. A patient who is admifted to a hcspital or clinic for treaL:nent tirat resuires

as ieast one overnight stai, is a{ni
A. in-paiient
B. out-paiient
C. paiient

1- Aitaching a- piece of v*ooci or rneia.l to someone's arm or ieg to prevent a

broken *rr:a/!eg frorn movmg is cai.ies
A. banca#ng
B. firsi aid
C. splintins

is a ,i.e.,'ice used tc check bleeding brz temporarilv stoi:ping

ihe flor,v-of biocid ihrough a iarge ariex-v in a iimL,
A. tourniquet
i-?3
:,ffi:

Fi irrrnia:-': i
C. piasier

6. Acupunctr-lre is the rubbir,g or lmea crng afparts of the boay tar

therap euiic r:urposes.
A. ?rtte
ts. faise
7. A rnedtcated liquid use<i fcr clean::r g *e ntouih is cailed medication.
A. tuue
B. faise

8. An out-patient is a patient who is admj.tted to a hospitai or ciinic for

ireai:nent iirai does not require an overnight siay.
A. irue
B. ialse
9- A cure is an emergency treatrnent administered to an inyurec{ or sick
person be{are professional medical care is available.
A. true
B" faise

Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer using specific chemical agents or

1,0'
rirugs that desirov cancer cells and tissues
A. *'ue
E. faise

Now check your answers with your group / classmates and correct the faise
sentences:

Sentence r:o_:
Sentence ft.c--:
SenLence no--:

134
E:'

iJFiIT 7}: il]cIIT TF*Ai.Jg: -qT:C:{ :RACTI.:

"

"WW'fua{*{* Listen to eacir senience in B be}c-,q and rer:eat ii

rn Engiisn.

iT'ransiate ihe ioliowimg sentences rntc

1" The brain ar-r<i the spinal corci control aLi acdons of the boov.
2. He repiace<i his bandage so ihat he coulC wear his new shirt.
3. Aitrough i-re was wearing a hearing aici, she haci to ask us tc
repeat each question.
-but
4. iViassage is nct oni=,r forgnsficial aisc; rziaxrng.
5- i'jaiuropar;:rlTt ts a sys.lern of naiurai rernedies irr -which neitirer
surgical nor rnedicinal agents are usei.

C"&_ i,,fu-#f'stt. Fr.Eqs,Ia_8ig$ Transiate the follo,*ring sentences

inro English:
i. datoriti protezei..
Puiea s5-gr rnigie r:icioareie
2" in ciuda obieciiiior inifiale, pacieniti-l a fost de acorC si inceapd
chirrrioterapia.
3. Erau swphrart c.trl cawza corrtr.lortamenir.:.iui "pacienfuiui iinternaii.
4. Degi acupunc'Lura poate inlesni terapta, nu o recarnarrddn"l r:entru-
moment.
5. intreag* 1ui ia-nriiie a econorrri.sit i:ani ca- sb-i poai5 pLA:
trar.spianrul de retd du,t 2".
5" !*easi6 boala este incu.ara-bill-, riar o putent nre sub control.

'ilriffiAi&,rB'atiknP+a*tlce The foilowing teri t/oczlbuiar,, iteryLs are frori-L ri-Lis ,.:riil's
word ba-*.k: d.izzy, cast/vlaster,.first aiii, gauze, grfry "rnatter,'lierce, sriintzng, serLs(
org{tyts, oi-factorty ?ueroe , itxpstreA hearing. Use unem in sentEnces cf .vour o}\ry:..

;:-'
'@+-l

U TEYT &'r.N *{q* B &hiE;i

Jse tiu:l-'ocabuio-ru iie'ms in this u"tzit's zttord. bo.nk as .r"eeriei, foriEssat.ts, aaaiicat.irsns,
rtuizzes, sni transla.tion rsractice, uniess oth.eyioise tntiicsted. Yai,, zuil! encounter m*ny c.f
these ruor{is tn other urtits' ur:cabuiary ban.ks, and. sts, irg reyeated use, qou tuili masteir
them br| the iwne uou finisit tnzs textbook, This wnit inciudes ihe jallotuing:

" BA: The Entiocrine and Reproauctiae Sustems

" 88: Phrases and. Ciattses
" 8C; Frescmption A-Z
" BD: Transletion flyacitce

-.-t-.___.\ _'e ___ -r-_ _!_ . _,- .-- -_- _]^

4'!i.r u ft d.t Sj'cr r Li 5 ;
EI all {.r e s'LrpIaf el}di e
b alanxe {t cii e* alimeniatie e chilibratE
{to} bandage a wor.end: a bantiaia o ranii
bandage: bandaj
brrtFi cariai: canai de nagtere
bleeding: sAngerare
caoh ghias
{toi cure: a vindeca
demand: cerere
d evi c e : irtstrtlme nt, r-cr e c atrism, ap ar at, <iisp o zitlv
drrsa ge: d*za1/ dozat e, a d rni.nisfrare a trntni nae dicament
drug: medicarnent
egg ceils: ovule
ernbryo: entbrioa'e
enriocrine sysien:l: siateinul endocrin
fertilized egg; ovui fecundai
giands: giande
horrnones: horraro*i
ibuprof en : ii:erprof era, rrre<iicament anrii.nflam"ator
injury: ran5., rEnire, ieziune
in-paiienh pacient internat ?n spitatr, traiat in trsr.iiatea spitallceasc#
kneeciing: frarn6fl tare.. masai
limb: :rternbru {sn;ini sau picior!
fires6engers: rxansrrlttdft.*ri, mesageri
ftarrolv: ingzsi
ointneeltt: ufi gu en t, allf.ie
out-paiien* pacient cae'e nu meeesiti internare tn spitai; paciemt
arflbulatoriui
ovaries: svare

lJtl
:r#g.+

rlverniglxf, reste lloal>ie

clrer-the'cou:rter dtwgs; medicarrrence €are se cl:rfipirE f5ri retetd
?,aTtcteasi pancreas
peivis: pelvis.. hazin
pick up: a ridica, a lua
pineal giand: glandE pineaiX, eprtizh
pituitarv gland: gland* pituitar6, Itipofizl
pregnancy: sarcinE
prescription: reietft {medicai6}
reproductive system: aparatul reprodncitor
{to} require: a cere, a necesita, a solicita, a r:retincie
ru bbin g: fr ecar e, fr extie, frictionare
scrotunt scrot
sirie effects: efecte secundare
sperm- ceils : sp ermato zoizi
sulinting: atel.5
testes: testicule
thymus: timus
thwoid: tiroidE
lreafinenfl tratament
(faliopian) tubes: trornpe uterine
urethra: uretri
uterus: uter
vagina: vagin

137
 LjhIE" -$A: TFiE Elaf*GCRIF"jE AHri REFRC*{JCTIiiF syg?Ehdg

TIIE trNDCCH.I}dE SYSTEhi

4t
\Nhat are hci-ntones?
a
L. CarL vou narrle tlre rrtosi importani enclocr-ine giands?
n =vvhat happens
J. when endocrine glands rio not function properlr,?

it4_ry ciroose fr-orn tl-re box beiow to fili in the missing.,vords

i::l the text and table. use tiris unit's r,rrord bank a:i*dlor a ciictor,,ary if necessan,.

iiancTeas influsnce
ar.taries inessenxers

V{e just learnecl thai our bociy is cooriinated bv the nerrzous sysrerfi. Along ,arith
the nervous s',/stem, the enciocrine systern (glanris and hormonesi heir:s
controlii::rg ail oflrer boiy svsterns. Gtands are orgarrized grouos of
i1) ilrat use maieriais from btrood to rnake hcrmones. Flormones aIe
chemrcai (2) .--.-.--.-_ ti-Lat are traasportei bv the biood to different paris of i-l'ro
bod3, where thel, irav. special (3) _=-

The rnosi ir:npcrtant glancis of the endocrire svstem are: pifuitary, pineal,
{4) thvrnus, aCrenals, (5) and the gonads -(6) --
in the female and tesies in the maie. Studi, the iabie beiow tor ihe iocation and
activirv of each tiand, anC then use ii to finish labeiing the figure beiow the tabie,

- -
Icierup(s) LOCATIO}i
I nmi-mranv 0ase or DTa1.fi, secleies growth hormones that influence the
I
normal qror,r.'th of 'occjv ilssues
D;},T]- A- i baseat brain Lrces hormones that iate sieer
THYTdOID iower porrion secretes hcymcnes &ai lnfiuence sreiabc,iism.
of the neck hvsicai aricl rnental activit'.,
.I"I+--VT I IC
i I r I
/f
l1'l;-.i uncier the helps cieveioou:rg immuniiiT to certain ciiseases
qtA1't-!1rrva

I ADREI'{ALS on ro.p ol eacn i affeci rnetaboiisrn

I

i{icinev
I T) ,\ lr. ir-.D E AC
behini the
l" J-L1 '{
-l\l'11-
J secreies insuiin. verr importe-nt in reruia*.ns
-blociti
stomach tire sugar ievei

iii
:rr*d:ir:
. ..- -...*:: .j
ifillj---=F.E#.,ffi =._.:
.. . .-.- . - -. rr.-J:;?:c1}:
.
: -.. .,,,..i:,

cva"RiE-q feuraie pel*ris

,l i secrete estrogen which inifuences tt *
i rievelopment of sexual characterisfics,
one to heip maintain
rnaie scrotuu-r secrete testosterone io cieveiop sexual
i characteristics

vVhen giands do not work properiy Cue to different causes (riiseases, infecfions,
poor diet, etc.), ilruy can produce too trrany hormones (hypera"ii-.iry-'), or not
enough hormones (hypoactivity). For exampie, the h'vperactivif of the th,rrroid is
i<nown as hyperthyroidism - peopie eat a lot of food but lose ureight. Another
exampie is the hypoactivi\r of the pancreas, which results in the disorder called
diabetes.

I ,,'YiiuiU i,i- +L^

1A/l-^-^ LiiU ^ir-ri+-q, -'l-n41an-+aA)
yTLailL.^Li tirt.aru lULqLCui
n ldhat glanris influence :netabolisrn?
e
i /hat gtrand secretes insuiin?
/l
Diabetes is the resuit of the hypoactivrty at' which gland?
lfhat is hyperthyroidism?
6. Match the giands with their location:

piruita fernaie pelvis

thvroii behind the stornaci'i
adrenais of brain
Pancreas iower porti.on of the neck
thymus r:n top of each kidnev
.' , // male scrotum
Pmeal ,/
o-,taie{ under the sternurn
testes

7. Match the giands wifh their act:rvi$: -blood

pituitary i.nsulin, *'hich reguiates sugar
thyroid-- secretes testosterone io deveiop sexual itaits
ad.renaL produces horrnones that reg-uiate sieep
secretes growth horrnones
thvmus secrete progesterone to help pregnancy
pineal affects rnetabohsrn
or.,aries
\-.* heips cleveiopurg immurrify t<; certain diseases
ts
testes secreies horrnones that infiuence metaboiisrn

1.':9
 Finish labeiing the picture (-iook at the tabie in the reading iesson if
necessarv):

.,
I
#- il{/*'14
\r
\-H.:H
l/ {{,-vl-I--
i
drart{Ec
-_ i \-,Id-l t-/ \,
\,

iH:re
'\Jrr'
i\-'/\
\
;
II t )'./'
\
i
tiYN, i

I tb( .p', :

B Describe the activity of each gland: "ffeTii{uthgry/an/tacreferytrotuil lomnnet

flal *fircru ffe rarrnatgra,o,$ af6o$ rt$udt "

C. Now describe the location and activity cieach giand following the mociei:
giand, I ocatio n, activ i t.v"
Example: ffepi;fn@ry6nr{/oufdaf fle 6av aftle 6raA ycrufet 6onrone-,
flaf*{uence fle n onQm*frf oflo$ fuiuet

TI.IE REPR.CDUCTIVE SYS TEM

j! !;
.-,:
1 Can you name the female sex crgans?'
-;': 2. Can you name the rnale sex organs?
:

Choose from the box beio,,oi to fifi in the missing words

irr the text and table. Use this unit's worC bank andf ar a dictionary if necessary.
'

skin pregnarlcy tube

sex aagirua oaaries

,iaq:-.
')P.1.:+
.P+.t*.' -| .. ! -
:
7.: a, r?1.::1*1.F-: : .
Y;.ff*.
"E:: '

!,iaLes ani fes,aies have drffereni s€r{ ?r;{3fis. Sez: organs 'work as gianris ias
expiairied in the previous iesson cn the endocrine svstemi to prociuce hormones
necessar't' for the cleveiopment of (i) ciraracieri siics.

Tne fernaie reproductive system consists of the two ovaries, tw,o {fallopiani
atbes, tire uterus and the rragina. They are aL[ located in the female peivrs. The (2)
look iike fwo large aimonds; besicies the female sex hormones, ihey
prociuce egg celis. fhe uierus is a hoiiow muscular organ situated behind the
biadcier. It is smaii and narrow, but it expands during (3) when the
ierriltzed, egg, calJ,eci embryor grows inside it. The (4) is a short canai
that is the place for sexual intercourse and also a babSis passage during birth (for
tlds reason it's also called the birth canai).
-

The maie sex orgars are calleci testes, anC are lccated in a sac of (5)
called- scrotum. BesiCes secreting male sex hormones, iheiT p13i.u6s sperm cel1s.
SpermEaSseSt1rrougha(b)-cail.ed'urethia,v.rhichisintire penis.

4
I
Where is the uterus siiuateC?
l4ihai is the feriiiized egg cal.leC and w-here does ii grorv?
'{ V/hat is the bkth c?'ral?
n
Where a-re the testes lccatecl?

&
Look
#on
at the iabeleci picture abo',ie anci descri-be ihe femaie reprociucuve svstem.

'tt'E
1+t
-,.n;.-

Tne follouring words at" leiatei ts diseases,,'roniiitions af ar.d ciinicai

procedtt.res of the enclocrine al-ld rerrroducfir,.-e svstems: it-lSyergiycernia,
it'ypog[ycernia, htsterecionty, snd rnastectomy. i{rite their definition in English by
iooking at the wora paru beior,t,. 'lhe hrst one is done far you.
h-v-per = over/ excessive
i.ypo: deficient, not enough
gycemia: biood sugar
hyster: uterus
- ectomy: removai of
rnast = breast

J
\-tt
r Tila$ftci0fltu:
j

Circle ihe correct

i. Endocrine giands produce

A. tissues
B. hormones
C. ir-,zstereciorn-v

2. The adrenal gian<is are located

A in the Draln
h fur the nolrri c
on top ot each kidnel,

3. The ti:rvroid gland infiuences

I \. metabolisrn
immunitv
bLood sugai l,e',tel

uf- The hvpoac*triY of fl::e th;,rroii is known as

a. hypeflyroidisrrr
B. riiabetes
C. hwertnyroidism

I Aa
 5. Insuiin, very important in rer*iahag the bloori suzar ievei, is pr'riuc ea ay
the
A. ptneai glancl
B. pancreas
C" pituitary giand

6. The ovaries expand during pregnancy

A. true
B. false
7. Aferahzed egg which develops in the uterus is calied an embryo.
A. tnre
ts. false

8. The vagina is also known as the birth canal.

A. true
n r_1_
D. ralse_

g. Mastectomy means surgicai removai of the uterus.

A. true
B. faise

10. The male sex organs are called testes.

A. true
B. faise

Now check yout answers with your groap/ ciassrnates and correct the false
sentences:

Sentence no_:
Sentence no-:

| /l'2
 Ui{rT SB: FFEI{,ASES AI\ti} CLAUSES

Ai ts a grot;:o od words -r^rithc,ut subiect or predicate., so ii cannoi functian

indepenrientiy" As different fvorn phrases, eE* contain a subiect and. averb.

Researcitws iyied to iind a cure for the disease.

"Researchers tried" : clause (researchers = subjec! trieri :preciicatei
" ia itrtd a sure for the disease" : phrase
The patient waiied, in front o.f the recoaery room.
"The paiient waited" : clause (the patient: subiec! waited :rrreriicate)
"in ftont of the recoverv room" : phrase

Clauses can be riepencient or inciependent. en indep. i exPresses a

cornplete thought and can sianci by itself as a sentence.

The doctor read *"he paiient's chart.

You shouirl call us.

ffi* flffe is incompiete (more inforrnation is needed) and carmot stanci

aLone as a senience.
t'/hat? I,Vhat did he
lo, what hanpened?

Ee-fore nz le"ft the hospiial.,.

iVhat happens, what

shculd I do?

To make a sentence, a dependent clause must be combineC wid-e an inciepend.errt

ciause:

The doctor reari tirc ttattent's chsrt beJore he ie.ft the hasuitai.
or
BeJore he ieit the hospital, the doctar read the pafierd't chart.

\''or..r. stnula caii. us i-f uotn' con.rlitton doesr:'i lvnorcre.

ol-
If your coucritior, doasn't imprrxte . rlou sizttuid cnll us,

!+4
;lrf,=r'.r"
iil?j5iiti
::1,r. '

yWl l,d,en*$ iire ita-lici z,ed v,rorqs es e r,r\rase {I}i or a ciause {c):
-1. i've will keep '{our test resuits conri<iendal unless a release fbrm is stgned.

Weight,.zaries accorriing io one's diei.

r/vWn you knoru the ieb results, give rne a caII.

;t
Wehave enough gauze to bandage t?w ztsound.

The man cansuLted a speciaiist for knee ttzjury,

WffiWitewrite the sentences and piace the pirrase or ciause next to the word
.i+
:L
mnrii
^^.
vr^^4r!s.
Fiae'
7. Chiidren are heal,thier who ear a balanced diei.

2. Anaigesics are calied drugs that reduce pain.

3. In a cast rnv sisier ajter the car accicient had her arzn.

4. Who had had a heart attack ihe doctor visited the paiient.

5. tr{hen the operaiirx rvouid beg:n the paiient askeci.

F.rr;lgse;..fr Cora.r:lete the seniences by ad,a*,:rA deperrdent or rr,ain ciauses:

, ihe pa*eni feir
better.

That'was the hcspitai

I knorn'

/- If you. orcier: yollr oyescri"oiton toclay,

5. Dernanris fcr healij.rcare are irrcreasing

I
^:
 EJFJET SC: Fres cmptt*n r"-Z

iJo o,.rei tne vocabularv iist belo-*, tne tabie. Uncieriine the word-s ./oL\ are f;irniliar
wiih anci/or those you can guess, anci r,,rrite tirem in the first coiumn in ehe tabie.
Then pt a cnte their pronrin ciation.

Go over the rrocabdury lisi agara. This time circie the unfamiiiar words, and
write thern in the seconci colurnn in the table. Then check therr m.eaning in irour
lan guage. Finaliy, practice their pronunciation.

Vy'orcis vou know or you can New wori.s and meaning in your
es5 ianguage
Exarnpie: ana/sat Exampie : otn/mcnf : uryueni

fr1
frnnlctefic ln1un.t rn erl i cati on co n o 6 ie cit re a w ci na c r e {i rni n a ri n 0t rt rzi t .t
1' I J il
.l t- r
/
-.

aneJ'tnettc lnoujl i a a en
J,.IiI
i c{r u atttlt fra i n r olu ces to ta { o r aarfl a { io:: a { s ens afi on
t r ..f!. ,f t i' t i.i.t
antihiafir: fnounj J'Util',r.ance,'IJ't/c!1 6s freiluit|n, tylit! c{il1 hteltffnr or inni0l!
ti tl I il
il4e arcxtrn ol 1Lner w|cr}1rclfrnltv1.,]J
J'J
r, ,f , /'f
anfrcoaaukni inawnJ ,tullstance il,]oi /,etai4: ar hreuent: fie cioffina oi filooa'
JI JI
,r1
antidefire:'tant lno wn J [rrq i, ltreueni
or ,tlt , i{+e rymtttorni c{ /eltression
i ^troi
anfi{ti:tamine {nounJ om4 o
i s ever* i dru q s u s ed f o ca w nier a ct a [{er qi c :vrw nfnrn:
t\
finnfirLtnac ifiili,t lcreuentino or re{ieuina i{cfrtnct

atfiirin inown) w fii f e com p c un r{ i"riu e/ f, nr* .t o i rrl i, ari oi" an {

i t 1i ,
r']ii mnletf1iitn;0
' rt}eU!
''' nainanl)retitrce
c?vwn}niA 145'eA
,t

teler anr4 inf mrnrna[Jori

li

i +\J
 carrtofonie inounj rekfiry ie *r itauinct a fauor*ich
ffic{ unon tie action ff
tfre heayi

coniracefifrue i^$.i eaJtobh oi Ttrewnfinq cancefifion

/eytro:e / q {* cos, (no un ) forrn olgiucose fonnilnafwra{k in animafawt p{ant firue

an d le ri v e i t3 n f fiefi ca {fj from :ta r c fr

diurefic {^/i.l renrtry b fncrease frte {isciaye of uine

[woj, inoun) a{miniirafion o{a fheraFteufic aomt in prwcriiei

amounft
- r' r /
rilnna;r/ 0r
olcse fiioun] sflecl?ed
' '' 'a drua or niedicine nrescr;rte/ ic 6e
uj t

raken ai one iime or ai sfafe/interua{,

{rlg {noun) ",rArlo-no

,r"oJ;rn fio .finn-nni" i*ani*o-{
t)t e, w.o,ravtrtt n* .r-nrtankn-
ut trr vvvrr0rvf t

of o diseaso 0r a clmfionenf of a mencation

f .f'r r- tl /, f-ff
elfiecrorant {ad.l pahtafin9 the secret?on 0r exfuu11n q Phlum, mucuJ,0r
other mafter from tfre respiratoy fract

fiuytrofen [nown| an ti -i nikmm a to ru m ea{i ca ti an us e i et fi e ei a {i4 i n f rte

treafmenf of arfirttts ond *mmon[4 frfien {or it:

ana[aeir: hrolternot
Jil
oinfmeni [nouv,] s emis o {i / fi r p a ra ti on u s* t{3 conwf ni ng m edi cin a {
e

:ub:iances a"d i"tenir{ frr exierna{ apftlir,aiio,+

ouer-{6e-caunfer tirugil hd ) tirwqs trtaf

Jll
ca, bt iouqit wiiloui a {octor': fire:crififron

wriften order 6y a pfiysician, for irte ytreparation ana{

{trwcifiiion inoun)
aiminis'iratfon cf a rnetficine

:irle ffica {noun) ' reron/on1 ef,reci:, upecia{$ undisirabie seatnd^n, effecit

oi^ ing or t{terastu

ff-i 'a { r. f [: f: tl
ruf)Posirory {noun) r?nall fJtucl ar meatcati?n devqneil tc wtei ai ooaii
tJ'J-/
, .tf . i i .i r t
ternherature withfn a nodv callin4 (rectwn or uariyrrij
li.j
f. r- t'r i , f r lt
t'ranquiizer rneatcauan ute,l t0 l'equce niencal anfieiu frna ren9?ni

&p,#i+ ,r* Cover the definitions ani. g* down ihe list rrying to expiain each
; ti-i
ttf i
terminoiogy iiem in you.r own worcis.
:..::+
:'::E' ,',
'r):t
147 '

-t-_'
,i?eir : .

- r'{':'
:: 4t.' . .'''
;.-$! ;;a: _a,
-..4;.;::
::': ::

*rt?'wnan's trte Engiisi"l frsr ungueni, rgtetd. eiecte sec*.wa.ayg, sutrcziior,T

't{hat's ihe Romanlan lor anesthetic,
rirug, ozter-fhe-tannter drugs,
ibuvrofen?

use the Engiish woris in Appiicaion ? in sentences of youi. c14/n.

nh,t Circie the correct answer.
1t
A rnedication capabie of reducing or eiimjnaung pain is a(n)
-1,. antibioric
B. anesihetic
C. analgesic

A substance tl:rat deiays or preveftts the clotHng of biooc

A. antipruriiic
E. anticoasuiant
C" aspirin

An expectorani
A.iacihtates th-e secieiion or expulsion of phJ_egrn
B. is used to reduce mental anxiett ancl tensions
C. increases the discharge of urine
4 Dvevine-counter c.rugs can be bought oniy with a cloctor's prescription.
il lrrro

B. faise

A written order b,v a ph3rsician far the preparation and aCministratucn of-a
rnedicine is a
A. prescription
B. dose
C. ricsage
A carriiotonic has a favorable effect upon the action of the heart.
A 1-r:ro
B. faise

An oinh:rent is a serr.iscliC prepararion usuaiiy containing rneriicinat

subsiarrces and iniended foi externai apolication.
L t-v'ttr'
D !-i ^^
',). ict.iSE

E. A smali piug c,f rried.ication iesignec to meii ai ooov temperaiure u,jiirin

the rec'urn cr vagina is calleC a
A. ranqutiizer
B. diuretic
r48
,:1.

'u. supposlEDry

9. Aniipruritic refers ro n-re<iicaricn capabie of pieventing or reiier,.ing

r.tchrng.
A. true
B. faise

10. Contraceptive means capable of enhanci.ng conceptiort.

A. true
E. faise

hlow check'y'our ans=$/ers urith your group/classmates and cc'trrect ihe false
sentences:

Sentence rrcr :

149
q1-

LIF,IST E#: LIFJEE 8 EF.AH$E,,AEE#&{ PFiI${T'ig:E

W; eA Listen to each sentence in B beiow and r=peat it in

Engiish"

Transiate the following sentences into

F.omanian:

t. Glanis are organize,J sro:u:ps of fissues thar use rnateriais irom the biood
to r-nake hormones.
r{ you orcier your antiiepressant tocia-7, you car pick it u-, tomorrow.
a-tternoarr.
i know thai ovel-the-counter cX.rugs cambe bought ar rnost drug*tares.
Christrne asked when to begi-n taking the expectorant.
Iack haii his a:-m in a cast.

*;rwainW rran s Ia te th e foliowin g s er-iienc es fr om

F.omani.an inio Ei:r giish:

i" Sisternui reprcitiuctiv feminin constd ain daud avare, d.oud h:ompe utei'ine,
uterul gi vaginui.
7. Analgeziceie suni mpabrte ie a reduce sau eHrmna <iurerea.
3. Aceea a fost farrnacia <ie la care aln curnplrat unguentul.
c-. Dacd. nu vei putea toiera acesi antibiotrc, doctorul ii va scrie a reletl nou5..
5. Doctorul a',totbtt cu pacienil-ri care avea nevoie cie cariiotonice.
r. A=,zern tirnp sd banciaiXm rarLa.

*.;"W{;w"&?#.WiY=aciice The fcilcwing ien vocai:uiar-y iterns are:fursrn this unit's

-*'rord bank: egg r:elis, sirie e.ffects, aaer-tlw-crsuvtter drugs, owt-paiient, iw.iuril, cut'e,
tiir,;rcid, trestinent, ernhryo, dosage. use them in sentences af volit own.

1JL/
 -I-JF{TT
9 E"AI#RC} tsANK

'jse the uocabulary items rn rhis unit's toord bank as needel", ior iessons, applications.
' qttizzes, and transiation praciice, unless otherzuise tndtcated. You zoili encounter many o.i
': th.ese ward.s in other units' aocabularu banks, and sa, b,,l repeated use, you zuill tnoster
: them by the tirrue you f;ntsh this texibook. Tius unit includ.es the iollorutng:

.
:

, 9A: The Senses: Sight, Hearing, Smell, Taste, Touch

,, , 98: Efrectrae Sentences
r 9C: Miscellaneous/Medicai and Llealtlz-Related Exvressions
: B 9D: Translation Practice

niivii: niccvali
arrnpi* axild, subsuoarZ
, {to} bandage a wound: a bandaia o ranE
, bitter: amar
't lto) blame: a ?nvinoviti
', c&st: ghips
I ohewi.ng: mestecat
: coniunctiva: coniunctivi
I co-payrnenil contributia pacientutrui La cheltuielitre rnedicale
: srutches: cdrie
d*livery roomi sali de nagtere
,, derived syntheticatriy: derivat sintetic
{iischarge {of urine): debit {de urin6i
, disposable: de unic5. foiosiniE
'. dizzy: aralrqt::t
. drugstore: farrnacie
, €fi1'canal: canai auditiv
i eardru.nt: tirnpan
exhausted: epuizat
eyeballs: giobi ocaiari.
'
, eyetrashes: gene
, eyeiids: pieoape
: {to} fas* a posi{
, &auze: trtar,.
i gerrn: micrcb, agent watagex. -bacterie
harnmer: ciocan
': (tolhea].: a (sei vindeca
, healing: vindecare
, hearing: auz, simful au.zului

15i
aoll cr+' ="lu -ccalar {}T geri": *y *affi aaqitar
itching: rl:.dn*.Avirrte a yienii, prurit
kiaee injury: ran*ltanitela genr.lnchi; prCIblemetatertzw*i aie senuncEri.alui
lens: ientilE
ti*| a siitbi, a wreyde din greutaie
irsse r*zeight:
{io,; maintain pregnar:tcv: a rnentin*, a aiwra satcina
maipractice: maipraxis
::terlical suppiies: prociuse de uz rne<iica1 iechipamene etc.i
{to} me}h a (sei toai
a:iscarriage: avort sDonian" pierderea sarcinii
rn ortu arv: rnorgi { sub stantiw) ; mortu ar iadi ectiv i
nerve endin gs: termi.nafii ner:v-oase
zrieht shifil schimb de noapte, b.,,zrl de noapte
oii gtands: gtrande sebacee
ointment: ungueftt, alifie
optic nerye: nerv optic
over-the-counter cirtlgs: rneciicarnente care ge *tw,pi*rA f5irt retetE
p ararne d ic: asisten t rne ciicai p e am.bu1.anti
pa;ttal ioss of sensation: pierdereapa4iali a sirnt-ui,,tiicalr.aciti,rti *e a sirr,ti
posfure: tinuii, p astttrd' p aziyte
prescripaon: retetE"
(toi preve:r* a irnpiedica {?n sens profilactici
rrimary phv sici.an: me ciic prirrrar/ de f amilie, generali.st
pupii: pupii5
q :.laranfine: carantinE
itcl reiierze: a usura . a aiir,a
retina: reiinE
salty: sirat
seburfi: seburn
seFrgasi sirnqur;
side ef,fecis: efecte secunciare
sighil veeiere, sintfi*i vazttlan
smell: rniros, simtui lrtirosulr;.i
sound vii:raiions: s.nde $onore
gGur: acru
starcit: anddtn
sttrrzr:r': scSrifE
siretcher: targi
swall *wiraq: tnghi iit . ing*itrr e
sra'eat glaecis; giancie ;u<icripaEe
eaarea." drr!rrt
iaste buds: i:apiie gu.starive
tasie: gust, siminl gusiuiui
tor"lgree: limba

152
'r_i: ril

*rs*tcai: iccai
ufl <iesrra:pi t: me * r.rr:l
iouch: attli'gete, *im*,:ti iacrii
f,gaft; fteg
wheeiclaai.r: .*caun eu yctiie

I <':
 EihigT 9F.: TWE SEHSAS: SIGF{?, F{EARI&IG, StugELL, T &fiTL"
ffi^?
_€.
fJut--ii

1,. sight, hearing, anci smeil are three of the five senses. Can vou name the
rernainingtwc?
a IA/hat is the largesi sense organ?
I&lrat sense organ is associated vzith taste?

ffi
Choose from the box beiow to fill in the missing -rvord.s
in the text and table. Use this unit's worC bank ani,/ or a diciionarv if necessarv.

tongue -,i-:
^-
bn"LrL patl4- ii oht srueet SCNSES
skuii iniection eyelids szueat e.artlru.m ttib rati otl s
i

We iearneci in ii"ie previous ul'rir iftan the sense orsans senc messages to the bram
and the spinai cord". The sense orgaxs associated with the (i) are e\/es
- sight, ear - hearing, nose - srnel-I, tongue - tast{,, ancn skin - touch.

The eveballs are iocated in front of the trread, in the orbital sockets (cavities) of the
l,L) . Tt uy are protected by eyelids and evelashes. Tire (3i
are iined -wiih a thin rnernbrane ca1led conjuncti'.2a, whicir heh:s maintain tire
eyes iubricaieC. The eves work like a carnera: (4i enters through a
small opening ca1led oupii, ancl is focused l;y the iens on a s,.irface cailed retrna
ii"i. ihe back cf the eJles, formrng pictures. These images ale fransraifced to the
brain bv the opiic nerve.

l-i:le ea-rs pick up souni rribratians flom the air. in eacir eal, these i5i
travel through the ear canaL u-ntil the}r vsssit a membrane caliecl eardrurl1. The
vibrafions rnake tne (5) vibrate, and th.ree srr,aii bones - hammer,
anvl'\, anC sdrr,.rp beltinri the eardyum arnaiifu '*e t'ii:ratiorrs and transmit them

t -)+
ta z itquia ::i. ti':e inner eal. l'ierves in contact -w:rh the iiouic send $.essaqes to
:*=bratn.

g#,F a&is*t i

j
l.&Mt#!.

The tongue (a skeletai muscie), helps chera,ing anci swailowing. C,n the surface cf
rt^re (7) ihere are nerve endings thai form the rne iasre ouas; mrougn
taste bud.s; through
+hom tstp {oai lha hiftnr I
c.111r.
vv4lt calf*,
u4t1 t
anri 1Q\ fzcfo n{ :vJuJ.
{nnr{c "I-tr''o nnco
!!!! i.vDL

has rnany sensor1,- nerves that react to tfre particies y/e breatl-ie in by sending
i-flessapies to the brain; ihe brain recognizes rrlcre ihan 50 cLifferent smelis.

il"re skin is our largest organ (it weighs about nine iciiograms in aciults). it
protecis our bociv from (9) and i.jrtf and it mainiains boci.v
temperafure -*uough perspiraiion: sweat glancis creaie a caoling effect when il0i
evaporates. The oiI glands, aiso situated in the skin, help iubricahnE
the (11) surface bv produckrg sebum. Equailv irnportanr, a lat af
nerve enc.mgsU are iocated rn ihe skin and convev the se-nsation-s of temperature,
toucn, {721 _, and pressure io ihe brain and the spinai cord.

aareai q!ar4/"
/.ii ;

,".
0d e{a"d

1
t. V/here are ihe eves iocatecl?
- \&h,v do we sa-rr that the eves r.trcrir iike a c&rn,er??
lzt/hat is the earcirum?
./l
l{.cw manv iifferent smelis rloes tiee brain recognize?
hihat giartds locateci in the skin heip iubncahngitbv producing sebum?
i5i
 A" Use the la"beieci picture in the reaCing iesson abcl,s anci ijre verbs e;i.c,
rLo'uns in fhe chart beloq., tc exclairr l-.ow we hear.
SEidSE HCUf\js i VtrR.BS
Iieamng ears, sounti aibrations, efrr pzcK Lrp, traaei througlt, uibrate,
canai, efrrdrutn, three smsl! ampl,ryt, tr ansmit, sent;.
bones (hammer, snoii, a.nd
stirnry) ltqutd., inrter ear,
neraes, me ssage s, br ain.

B" Fiil in ihe chari below- with no-urls and" verb-s describing sight ibaseaon ii-re
text). Then use the iabeled picture i:r the reaciing text above and the nouns
anEi verbs -r'or-r have just fiiieC to exi:iain how we see.
}\I/-\T T?rIa
I 1\J L_J I \!l

The tollowulg worci.s are retraieci to ciiseases/conditions of the s€nse organs:

ambiyopia. riipiopia, coniun.ctiuitis, melanornn, hyoatherm-ia. Write their definition rn
Engiish by iooking at tire word parts belornr. T.he fisst one is done for vou.

arnblv: C*Li or dim

(}p : eyes
- ia: cr-.,nditian of
*ipl: iouble
ccnjirnctir, = eveiii iining
- ids = inflarnrnation of
^! L -
t) ^--
tadl
-
Cel:-fi-la= SI(]r}
meiarr = black
- olTrf;.: hirxor
itternda : heat
hypo: beiov,,
\. lf /t. f //f ,I
F am$y?{ila: co.qd/t/o,4 of trui/orr/tm gte,r'

i55
 P confunetiuifi*
,* din{onia,
!t

I 1t:ttry

F ?nemnqma

Circle the
correct ansurer:

1" The membrane that iines the eveiid"s is calied

A. retina
ts. conjunctiva
C. socket

2. The tongue is a skeletal muscle.

A. true
B. false

Amblyooia means a condition of dim eyes.

A. trr.e
B. faise

4, Otitis rneans
A. inflammation of the ear
B. infiammation of the eyelids
C. inflammation of the iongue

5. sweat giands create a warming effect when sweat evaporates.

A. true
B. faise

6. Oii glar.ds produce seburn.

A. true
B. false

7. l4lhich one hapr:ens first?

A. l'Jerves in contaci with the iiquid in the inner ear send messages to
*re brain.
E. Three srnail bones behind the earrirum amplifv vibrations.
C. Vibrations reach the earCrurn.

157
 B. Nerve endings iocated in the skin convey the sensations of temperature,
: ]:, ',
touch, pai.n, and pressure to the eyes.
A. t'ue
B. faise

9- The eardrum is a membralte.

.:i...
A. true
B. false
iF'i
L0. Light enters our eyes through a small opening called pupii.
A. true
B. false

Now check -your answers with your groap/ciassmates and correct the false
sentences:

Sentence no-:
Sentence no-:

i58
.JEft:
r'*i'.
:

UI*.IE-T *#: YFFECYE1rE 5EI\TENCES

il-: tne prerzio'i:s unrt -we taiked about phrases anci. ciauses. Ciauses r*ake
sentences. A sentence is a complete i:i:ought, r,r,ith a sr:bject and a predicate
i.,-.terbi.9entences can be ciassified into simpie, compound, and compiex:

has one indepencient ciause:

H.e studws rneaical Engitsh.
I cslledmy doctor's o,ffice.

has trvo or rilore indepenOent clauses joine,i b"J " ar.d" ,

i-le sturiies vnedical English, and ltis sister stu.dies business Engiish.
i called.mu cioctor's ffice, bwi no one At'lsri)ered.

A U#OJEilc:ieal#*ieE has olre i:rdependent clause and orre or rnore dependeni

clauses. The depenrient ciauses are iinkeri tc the rriairi ciause bru coniunctons
such as "after", "befote"r "wlr.erl", "becarJ.se", "i{." r "although", "sa", "unless"..
" w-rrl"Le" , " whgreas " , " which" , " that" , " wholTr", "l4rhGse " , etc.
I-Le studies medical English although he daesn't want to becorne a doctor.
I csiieamtt ioctor's o1ficz before i got reaily siclc.
Tite dcctor returned tia resuits tc ine lab after 'ne nr;ilctJt c,n ert'or.
The patteni zucs ad,mitted to tiu hospttai because ke re.ia.sea trestment at home.

W iCentif,r the foiiowing as si:r'.pie (s), compound {c;, u comriex (c:ri.

Ljnrieriine riepend eni ciauses.
:,. This is an importanr responsibiijw wiren one lvork-q in a hospiiai.
2. Some cf {rre ne'.n medicai supriies are arerr/ expensive, anl othe:'s art:
ciisp'osabie.
[f r7oi.r want ta siay heaithl, vou should eat pienfr of fuuit ancl .;egeiaties.
Youi X-ravs indicaie an abnormaiiqv that neeos to be checked.
-Ivieciicaiions
in the iocred. cabinet should be distributeci sccil.
This fasrous suigeon c&ir, perforrn the tr,pe of cperatrr:n that ihe ::atient
need.s.
Medicaiion makes tiie patielll LLZZ-:',si; sire rttuseci it.
The opeiation rocm is rea,jv j'!o',v.
i won't caii mv dcctci uniess i qet an ac.verse reaciion froin tire n'reaiciire
inat he prescribed..
l-C. Tne paiient cannot ffrove his iegs, but his back is prettl'f,lexible.

"t
Li
c{iI
,*4#i

ll -r;oi.i w'a!:T ic, lrr:iite e{fecrtiro, Eetitences..

ircu gi-loulC ?zji tz1*cia: atft*:t:t.cn tr
atroiaira *oo 7*'picai inisrai<es: is'Lc.srnaiete seniences and rr,;n-c{r s€ntences.

e* inag-ulpjqte,;se*&er.ee
, .i'-- "i.:-.'''
is a gra&p oi -wor<is {beginniftg lnrit}r a cafriTa] Le*zr ane
eni.lng with a penod) thai ioes not ieii a ccmpiete thought a,fi b's itseif.

i/'"hat? i/\hai
siiottid i ao?
l'---/-
lf you zuant to stay heattt.ry/'
Crsrrecaon: lf yau zuant to siarl healthy, you should. eat pieniu oi
Truit ana
vegetables.

-.-:.-,.
A is a group of worrls t}aat con-iains fwc or irlore sentences that
ffiffii+;qry'"smcte,h{.e
cou.ld siand aione. It occurs -when f,tzo *-rdependent clauses are joi:red without
4.Lt\ y'L{rri-LL.rGLtur.t
-L-^L:^_ i_-_.r._--_ LiieiIi. -!-:..r.^.
L.'utwEErl !]^^.- j-virt-i COffiiiiete
-^**tr^r^ _a_&+__^^-
JCnfenCeS :^:-_L^
Cafr Ue ;Oinei.r
^J _._jr1-
-w-itiL
either of ihe foiiowing:

6 a comrna (,) folioweil bv " afr.C" , " ar" , "brlt"

* a semicoion i.;1

Same of the ner* medicai suppiies ere u€r! experLsioe, eihers ate riisposable.{Tnis
is a run-on sentence.i

Correc'don:
Sorue o.ithe nez.t; nrcdica! sup'plies fire uenl ewensiae, and otkers arr: disposabie.
OI:
Some of the new medicci suppiies aery ex"oensiae: others are aisposabie.
0.1'e

or rnake il4/o sepaltate se:rtences:

Sanw" o.y tie ruezu m.e{iicai suppiies r}e?'1 txpensiue. Athers nre disacssbie.

ti;altarriat A,'rasHce - Effecriv-e

- Seniences

?,xa;rei+;*tS Correct {C) or incci:reci {l} an*,.^,h}r?

-'1.
Tnis is an lmpcrtant responsibiiit'7. When one ,arorks irr a hospital.
Sorne of the r,e'vi rfled.icai supciies are vew e>oensive. Ani oihers are
=. i cr,rr-c-,ii u
rlqluvvJuriL.

3:. if vauw;rnt t(; sta,,,. heaith',r. Yo:-: shcu li| eat vr:getables artd- waiN
evervrJay.
+. }'o,;i .7..-ravs ir-lciicate an abn,:rmaiity that needs to be checked.
5. I.y{eiicaiioils in tlre lcc]<ed cabrn=: -wilI be diseii:uteri oooon.

| 6{j
 ' :,:'::"1:::;:f

:. -i1is iamouS sl:IgerJn :eft:ierrori]l tne Fr::e or ooerailcn. l?.at tl,=::an.:.rr:

T\FpCa.

I,fiedicaraon mal;es t?"le -aaient Tizzt', sa she reiuseci ii.

/\ ilne cperafi.on roorn is reaciy now.
C 1 v'/ori'i call mv doctor. Un"iess i
get ar a<iverse reaction tror* the medicine
than he prescribed.
10. ilne patieni cannot elove hi-q legs. But his back is prett-v flexible.

tr##;..Vm' (incomplete sentences). Iciene$ a.rrd correct incompiete sentences

beiow eifher b'r combining them wiih indepenclent ciauses, ot by rnai<ing thern
inci.ezren dent clauses.

F{e rnisserloniv one quesiion on his rneci-icai terrninolo gy qltz. Allhough

he hari not sir-lciied the week before.
vrrL rrqu vvvrr\Lu **rJ rivurJ lr1 Lr\. ucrtjrE aiLa ,ftei ciiLicij.
a
Vy'hrene-;er Doctor Green fu:ses torrch.arith her patients. She biarnes
herself.
4. l-ne iab resulis are unreiiabie. Because the sampies weren"t hanriied
properilr.
5. iust to sia-i awake. That rs a chalLenge of working night shiits.

Waa*A*W(run-on sentenco-si. Correct the run-cn sentences belolv.

i. The cioctor hesitateci too iong the paijent compiaineci about it-
2. She slept deepiv at.niglnt, she had seerr niany patients all dav,
-He
3" never seen-rs to stop he has so rnuch_ energv.
q. I bought new ciorhes for the inter:','iev;,i iiir:'i grt the job.
5. ?hie hospital has a snlendid vierv it looks out over a park.

tnr
iiEi

U zu i T 9 C : &€3 5 C E E. E,,&Jq E*EJ \ft{EB:wg{ i\L amd }{ E AL TE{ -E{ E E,A?F il,
EHPg*^ES gt{.Fhis

Go over ine votabuiarv I-isi beioin, the tabie. Uncieriine the w.":rcis vc,.x. are farnil.iar
"wi*, andi or those you can guess, anci write thern i-n the firsi coitrznn in the iable.
llnen practice their pronr:nciaiion.
Go over t-he vocabular;r list again. ?his tirne circtre the unfamiiiar wryds, and
write ther:r in the second coiumn in flre tab'te. Then check ti-reir rnearlins in vour
ian gua ge. Finaiiy, pra ctice th eir pronunciafi on.

Worcis vou Know or vou can New worCs anct rneanrng in your
uess ianEuage
Exampie: benlVn Exarnple: a6uze : fr/*

**rtui'onru {noun, rhecialV eeuiythei uekic{e used'to iran:ho-| ffre :icfrt.-,r,

j I Ii
t ;

1ryU{eA,

aneifkuiofrgitt inouni hhwsician syteciatTr-inq in anetf6eiokart

'-,.'-,'- o,o" rukiea' o,eo,
t i i .-
beniqrt ia$,i q no danqer to heaiih, eslteuallw reiaiina
rlJJ'
ic turnort
i .f., r .-:t{ : f ..t i : f. .t i f.
tlit',ic i*ouni fecltlw { frisocjaleft wih [t no*iitn! or
'!'i
meoiica! ici+ooli
i i li r t t
deuoted to tne ,ifaanosi:'it?lfr cnre oi outna{ieni:
u!

cor'; ravr,i vtotie iu rril j wane iynbure or unciean nu coniac: ny,rt:it.iurt

1i,:
 {.91

t
sil iiryjalc?q,r
.y'nffsu
!t^rr
Jlu1tt?i efi ?uui?j1r jja atiuc/u, irua'J,?u0t.rtaJ0,td
j
/. ,/

'drsJLF jVAt! ;aLl nc Su4 ,fil Afiir,t t)J i,ili,nAri A 6A UASOUC

J'.,/ ., ./ J j

'i,t'!!iraluJaL,,i,c)u0utjiltt"ttl lo"loua;a fil Lt.illr ,uan$fuq {uy10u} ua{tlsi,4{j fi,tvutpcJ

rJ

/t
ftry buwa'tasc/ aa uolay I .fv11o1uuaad
ttsuor,;aJoa/ piyrw tr$tv "ia $aL4i?uar]
a/-.^1
hcuatg;au,to ifilit pat/"!a,4 ;J 04*r ucrsaS
/;vlJtpaLu
'J 01
tJ ' t ' j fuvtou1 cyou,torrot/
u0uvwadc

ar(1agl yJay ada ralpuar,n-ea arauw dcaJd

{unouJ froolro*.
,t0
,tulltllt
ulu,toaa troruaruoclt
"J,'
!rn{a} a}a uog1ntfi,
Qa;n1au1
,rnlrturuf fufioul abawwstu,t
tJ
r^.f'fa'ri
'a0vutv!, 'lt,tn!u1ut zu$jn[en 'uanthtlc/
si'at na
:

r a.a I r

v t4q sa '?uafiaq v Jo ruau,qua,q rueorybau so naqztqwt

.'lj: funouJ
i.J.t',
,racrrllr*
YyyaYbYTYacuajaq i

1,t
hsaaoq aa uanlinsut-jj'rua /o ernweq uouptnu "toocf futtzLtl
L J
uonutnuau,t
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J
.rf ii
a{a1tiv a sa'ajl 01 ttuua}veagl f 'laalJr ruauitnatu
1..! J I

funhu] fut|*y ta"tnc 0!'t/t1aa, 0] araqer

L,' J! J :.

?swaflf asnar owc !v!1ru, fllolrrrjn ,*rr*6roorrrw /urihul w"taf

nn f-*r f-l
* t ro., - .fr, t c..,,,.,,, t,.^.-, .4 a'^ t, ^4 4 ^.1
^ "'J .r-r,eu n v 4 lt n sw *wJ Jp o r t t lft"J " ^u#t u no/ aztiii0
"" 7 " ry, 7 ! Iuiiauj
yooj utoaj uylryt /"aan)
Li
ual
rt i J
I

t!u-4r,toi]
"r0
$at-!jr uo4r4ns jo eu!7ctlr aoj;u?_t"qu?,ry i

yg* rr
lafiotri oryeyaalui frt1noj*r, yilwy v io uowas / unou) woa,r lo4ahdaura

nnjusry
tolf lwlwaqc o "t0 'uoeulya"t ?uay rv ycnt 'turfo {unzu) suvpeyup

Taaueb
uiluu7 puaVooj fun1ui ]r!P
fu pa n g, p, o / ya t) tiu -a
4 ri s o y
sa !,q u ba aa !,/
? "d
Lu 0 out
/ lunqu_l ut00l l'uan{ty
!

sayr/ ry'j pa.rn ua+io

:j vua
'j
i
Ittli,{ua aql "iapun t.i
yJ ct ytaui)sop ---' ,liu[xrum
-- j {i;tsnsn '-: fltt,
- --.-.y-"-- Lil
: i,t .J - f ;-'
ttu ,iii, v?tavsry uo
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i.
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wlEali oJ ;l.rc.]sal 'f;
?cci'L\ic:; urElscE v
cq Su€aur +5i3{ {il 'z

a-7tj 'g
aY\4 'V
'Lilizari G] iaEuup ou lo ;ie sioiirns u-3iuag 'ai

:i3^.rsue ila;Jo3 ;q+

atr)rr] s?ibryqsa* l, a+e{agr E{:Farp: pgS!*r,*wax*eg;6a.+s4ffi ,,:z.!ffi 'ffi g[aiE

''i;^rc .rnod;o sarualuas ur i uopel{ddv xrr spro^^ qsrlfiug aili asr'j tllze",$

lrtwplaatloz'azna8 'utoa; frtaoqap 'sautirlu.ior ueii.trElrroH ar.tr+ s,jsrlvl

lyiuaTnqwn 'cBtu1 1lsoia 'ajuaStn -rog qsri8u3 aW snuq-l$ll

'suxora ua.c rnod ur uialr dSoicrmrl"zaS

q:ea nreldxa ot 3ur/i4 tsll aq+ uz{Aop c3 pira suoqrlu+ap 3q} i.auo}*,yptw

uosaar/
.1ta1gaslt
r
- ).-.- r- --. :yi,)0! 'tp?t4{rt 00.ral uo,y?lunoLu itu{,tc
saltctsaloama - {ufi1u}J awucioaum
'. J] J
radn.rln ulqdac fio yrtrr, ,{jaal so {fuv,,
ayl Ltl hlj*fittiJ wtls all uc bumotb r)rury ybno,,t i,,wt t
?roy Iunoui
ri
'.'/""i "71 7* '/an'r iloL:Juuut tiu olid#dP i; it/,iJitUAU io )u i ;{aS latYl*
vaary ja $nljaw jadluca

tn iA.intiln t)l
.,-. -/!.,in
t4a
juttalsur i{rlct.icscia }c rvaci ru fnlr} f t )M^r,, ,,^.i, ,,,*
7,"-.:,- I artuta I LLUU $nuJ

fJua,a Jo poyunzut ycq afi

i,tztlsua,ri q;j pasn 'eutail a ianl no{4cjantr svnuyi .jn nnav a daryc}ar}s
J j j-7---7- {utlou}
':
yoy rff
t
uty]!{ny?*urpoui ryu.*os o; fu1*r;sy aof stesn iilaunndlru!
{ttfi?u}J aclaucunfi
\ ' J) i
arvary aLJi.Jo {u*orrtfr or4i lurnru$
t".rj
c?iralvtulrt a.iuaflv ,ilDiitailL1c a hutl,uaac :G ,va1t;eq,rn,;

,]oyaltuui
tt) uo,rrn,j , yclt4{tt fu.p,no au,tg poyari { il?'} au i tt nu'o,tu vt g
io :-
-i
a

i;au'rj ftau ;u fytou af; ino1J1-tctr: i ;;nyct

"tt; ic t'Lt/)c."t
t-i
;.Jii,.. ._..i.:r+-!i***r:::r":-. -ir1r1!:.il:e_:-:trii.,::.:?t+
-i: ' i .l

: 3. knproper or negiigent treatrtent *f a aatient, as by a r:h-vsician, resuiting

*iiniury,
', damage, or ioss is knc'wn as
; ..i.
B. ntalpracti,ce
:, ,--.-1
L. mltrartfage i

4. Cotton cloth used for banciages is knoram as

A. waft
B. tampon
C. ga:uze
5. A mortuary is aplace wirere dea<i bociies are kept befarc burial or
cremaiion.
A- true
B. false

6. Enforced isoiation to prevent the spreading of a disease

A. quarantine
B. ciinic
C. disirrfectant

7. To disinfed means to make impure or unclean by contact ox mixture.

A. true
B. faise
8. "Topical" rlreans all over the body.
A. true
B. faise

9. A pararnedic is a person who is trained to give emergency meCica-i

treatrnent or assi.st medicai professionais.
A. true
B. faise

1{l a is used to kansport the sick, wounded, oi'rieaC.

A" stethoscope
B. wheelchair
C. stretcher

Nor,t: check your answers '*rith 1,oul group I ciassm.aies anci correct the faise
sentences:
Senience n0_:
Sentence no_-:
155
 tillJI" 9D: UNET * TRAI"" TSIATEOH FE"ACTIilE

to each senience in B below ancl repeai it

Transl,ate the foilowing sentences into

1. Yes, your medical insurance covers prenatal cate, but there is a 10% co-
palrnent for each rri.sit.
L. ilVhy didn't you see your gynecoiogist after your first miscarriage?
a
Unless we cali an ambulance, we cannot transport hirn to the hospital.
4
4
Aiihough he uses crutches for waiking, ihe rr.,ur.scuiar tone of iris iegs is
pretfir gooi.
The patieni whose primarrz physici.an was sued for malpraciice is waiti:rg
in foont of the deiivery room.
6. If you go ta the drugstore this week. please don't iorget to buv some
ga&ze.

Translate the foliowing sentences from

Romanian into Engiish:

1
t. Anestezistui era epuizat, aqa ci. arefuzat sf, lucreze tura de noapte.
/a-. Din cauzd cd medicamenteie i-au irrovocat o stare de ameteaii. asistentii
de saLvare l-au cius cu targa.
Bea multa apX canci- postegti.
Clrirurgui a retszat sS fac* r:peraSa cu risc mdrtt pe care a soiicitat-o
pacierrrtrl.
{ N"gu Iui sunt prea mici pentru a fi extirpaii chirurgicai.
A Scaunul cu rotiie trebuie reparat'rnainte de a-i putea dona.

Fr;.8,S,.all* ,au?ieiryraefiie The foilor,t,ing ten vocabulary iterns are irora this unit'-s
word bank: ciuioing, dtspcsabie . antsil, eyeiids, oii gianris, taste bucis, sTueai giutti,s,
sight, topical., itreuent.I-ise ihem in sentences of -v'olti o\^rn.

lbo

:i"'ili
.i; -.
 =LiI ?- TYFEa r rE--
Lqii -F- aq.'

-uoak
Tk'is t"s tiu ir,st unit in t:ltt nni' it giues vau the +vriartunit""l ia rc.st the ktiotttieage
vou acquirsd in units i-9 in aLi iawr frrefrs: tlte nwvnan boay (A), gt'ntnmar {E), saeciaiizec
uocebularl1 {C), snC transisiiovi (D). The wnii Aoes nat tffiue {t seuarnte zuord- bsnL, so
viease reftr to rhe Engiisi't-Roniarutan/[t-oruawian-Eitglisii uocabuiary section ('pa.gesXi)i't
jar rnnela fupr,aosss. Tnis uwit includes tko ioliowing:
" 7AA: !iura** Eoriy Fost-test
* 108 : Grarnrnar Posi-iest
* i}C: Saectaltzed Vocsouiaru Test
* 1-*D: Trsnsiaiion Test

IJFJET 3ffA: HUMA}I tsGDY FCST T,E-qY

Suggested ijilte: 31-4fr ininuies

This test iras 50 questi.ons and covers the concepis anci vocabuiary vcu iearned in
this ccurse. DO NOT'use a dicaanaw, thte word banks, or the lessons igt thi.e
tex*ob{}*k Circie the righi answers ani then use the key secti.on tc tatal YC&t
score. W. ite your score in thrs box: I---l

Coznpare your hr:man boei-v i:re-tesi anci post-test scores to assess vour pragress.

Score

1
!. Urine is formed in ii-le ureters.
A. iyue
ts" iaise

A spasn', ts a sudCen contracfion of a rnuscle ot gtouv *i

rnuscles. --
A..voiuniar,,
*. trrvo|utraw

i11sulii:,. ver\r ii:rporran; in reg;iafing tile biccd s1rgffi ir-"el, is l;rcd ",;rt:i n'."

ti:e pancrea.s.
it *tt r r:,

Po. ta.Lst

,\
a. You slroulC see a gasrrCIenterolopst if you harzE

i67
ETPT

A. k-iinet,::roaierns
B. caviiies
C. ciigestive problerns

The smaiiest bioori vessels are calie<i

A. veins
B. capiilaries
C. neither A nor B

C Oii glands prociuce sebur-,.

A. true
B, talse

7, Otitis mears
A. inflammation of the ear
E. iir-fiarrrma'tion r;f the eveiicts
C. inflamrnation of the tongue

8. Meningiiis rneans inflarrsration of the

A. conjunciiva
B. brain membrane
C. blood vesseLs

rl
A neuron is an organ.
A. true
B. faise

10" The maie sex organs are caiied

A. testes
B. urei-ers
C. testosterone

1'l
lr- I(cineys fiiter harmful ciremicals as blood passes through thern.
A. true
B. faise

LL. The is the externai opening through *,hicil fecai maierial

iearres the bociy
A. colon
llu. (/-tr.Lt3

C. pancreas

r-1. The inflamrnation of the is calied choiec'rstitis.

168
r::ri.:.

F". galtr"oiacider
B.iiver
C. gullet

i4. Tne esophagus enters the -ctomachatthe end of the sternum.

A.'true
B. faise

15, The excharrtge of carbon riioxide anci oxygen takes place through the waps
of airsacs anci capillaries.
A. irue
B. faise

4/
lo. The lower chambers of the heart are called atria.
A. true
P
U. f-t'^^
LAAJC

'l f7
Lt . Cystitis meares inflammation of the blacider.
A. true
B. false

18. The heart is sihrated betv{,een the and abo-ze the diaohragnn.
A. kidneys
B. liver and pancreas
C. lungs

L9, The olfactory nerve is res;rbnsible for the sense of

A. taste
E. sight
C. hrearing
D. smell

-n
LIJ. A pulmonologist is a <ioctor for
A. bones
ts" lungs
C. kidnevs

77. The heart and lungs are protecteC bv the skuli"

A. &'ue
B. iaise

22. Ttre adrenal giancls are iccaied

A. irr the brain

169
 .*ir9"--

B. in the peivis
C. <;n tap o{ each i<irinev

-Q
L-t. ireans inflarnmation of a yein.
A. meningihs
E. phiebitis
C. tonsiilitis

24- The is the muscie of theheart.

A. myocardium
B. diaphragrn
C. biceps

25. The thyroici giand infiuences

meiabolisrn.
A. true
ts. faise

26. Th.e membrane that lines the eyetrids

i.s called
A. retina
B. conjunctiva
C. socket

27. Each kidney has urerer(s).

A. one
B. two

28- Tne triver stoies vitamins A, B,and D.

A. true
E;iake
u
\.
1 29. Sensory nerves carf rnessages frorn ttre sense orgarrs to tkte brairr ar:.d ..he
spinai cori.
A. true
B. faise

30. Leucorytes are wirite blood celIs.

A. fi:ue
ts. faise

3-"r. TIne irregSriar bones of the spinai coiumn are calLeei ribs.
A. true
ts. false
32. The neph.ron is the functionai unit of ihe

i70
 A. iiver
E. pancreas
C. kidnev

o4
The word "myal#a,' urobably means
A" chest pain
B. muscie pain
C. stomach ache

34. on the surface of the tongue there are nerye endings that forrn
through which we feel the bitter , sotit, salEr, and sweet taste
of foods.
;t. rmrscies
B. mucus
C. taste buds

35,
A. the biood
ts. the heart
C. the kicinevs

Phaqwrgitis is commonly calieC

A. tonsillitis
B. sore throat
C. the ftru

J/. Another name for *re voice box is trarynx.

A. tn:e
B. faise
..\
38. the pharynx is an organ of .
A. the respiratory svstem
B. the ciigesiive systenn
C. both A and B

The eardrum is
A, a small bone
B. a piece of catilage
C. a membrane i

40. TTre iemtr.r is

A. the forearn
B. th.e hip bone
C. the thigh bone

lt I
+L, An inflammatary condilioli of one or mcre ioinm is cailei arthritis.
A. true
B. faise

A') Tnebrarn and the spinai cord forrn the peripheral nertr/ous sYstem.
A. true
ts. tasse

in
+J. Tlre coion is the pLace rarheie food is Piepared and absorbed-
A. *ue
B. talse

44. Skuii means Jau/.

A. trr-re
B. faise

"*/hen the kidneys do not work properly , toxic -waste accurnulates anC
poisons the booy ceLis.
/\ frr r e:

B. fatrse
^46.
Light enters ou,r eyes ttuough a smal] opening called
A- retina
ts. e;'reball
C. pupil

fin .
'rt When the diaphragrl. rei.axes and moves up,
A. air is sent out oi the iungs
B. ai-r is pulieC into ttre lungs

A"8. ]rus comin g ouiof a raround is called' plaslrra'

.4 r--.
.41. Li l-t';^
Tj t-i -,-
ii. rdt5e

AA Tne gallblacider stores and pumps it into the small intestine

when rve eat foods hi.gh in tai.
A" uraste
E. biie
tl" starcli

50. Tlte nostriis are two oval openings in ihe nose'

A. true
B. faLs

1'7'l
lta
 Ui-i?" te-i'W:,: {f-:LbEtvL .F-Hi;
"9
J ?iT-TE 3T

3ug$esteci illrte: li-:.C rninuies

iiris test has 25 quesiions atti co"ters the grarnrrLar srructures a-nci vocagrCar,,'
vor:. iearned in this course. DO NCT use a Cicttonary, the word banks, clr ihe
iessons in tiris textbook. Clrcie the righi answers and then use the ke-v sec$on ic
iciaivour score. Wriie )rou score in th.is box: I

Ccr.npare :taw grammar pre-test anci post-test sccrelr to assess voui progress.

i "Tltere must have Deen a cieiarieci rneciicai 'biiiing." rleans

A. Obvicusiv there was a ielaved rned-icai iriiling.
E.We are uncertair-l there was a oelayed medical billing.
C. Ferhaps there vias a deiaveri med"ica'r btL"LtYrg,.

2. The raciioiogist dia noi give irtformation,

L. r'r"lrrrh
B. inant,

Tne nurse tirought she +-he docto r ev erythtng,

:l. teiis
E. has toli
C. haci told

4. ir i= such a circumstar:c,: that 1i(] iine is smii;ng

A. riepressing
B. iepresse<i

T,ne sentence "Because of Tint iia:; ar\u.1Lcer, i'r; avOiriS si:lr'i fcodS.' ig
.4fYe-t
n'{'*.,^
-*,. a -i L.!.=

i=. Faise

6. Ir;either the doctors nc'i ti'le n;-lrse

P,. nat
B. have
7. It v.ras .- who made the ernergeficy call"
A. we
B. us

8- "Tfre inedicahcn was bei:rg brought bv the liurse.'' is the passive voice of
A. Tne nurse is bringing the meCication.
E. The nurse has brc'ught *Jre medication.
C. fhe nurse was bri:rging the meCication.

9. Thuy were upsei

A- because the nurse's behavior
B, because of the nurse's behavior-
C, because of the fact ihat the nurse's behavior.

lC. Tne top meclical students to receive scholarships.

,.L. wiii seiect -
B. wili be seieci
C. wiil be seiected
D. be seiected

11. "It is possibie that they refuse to adrnit this patient." can be rephrasei:
A. They should refuse to admrt this patieni.
B. They might refuse to adrnit this patient.
C. iney would refuse to adrrrit this patier-rt.
D. They will reftrse to acimit this patient.

12. Tnis hospital has patient service of all hospitals in tow"n"

A. more efficient
B. most efficieni
C. the iess efficient
D. the ieast efficient

X?. "Patients wjltr not be aiioweC be,von<i iiris point." means

A. Patienis wili not aliow be,vonci this point.
B. Thei, will not ailow patients bevcnd this point

14.' The sentence "The Meciical Engiish course was interesting bnt cost." is
COTTCCL
A. true
B. taise

I t /i
-r:eEf- r:'
T: --

15. "ft would have been a good idea io see the podialrist, but you didn,t rio it."
could be rephrased:
A. You might have seen the podiatrist.
E. You shouid have seen the poeiiatrist.
C. You musttrave seen the podiatrist.

16; She is atihe thought of sr:rgery.

A. frightened
B. frightening

deiayed shipping, the <irugs were deiivered on time.

A. in spite of flre fact that
ts. Aliirough
C- Despite

r_(), 111r llu-tuE 'rhe exa-rrLinir-ig room by tiie iir-rre ti\e rjoctor zui.ives
tomorrow.
A. has prepared
B. will have prepared
C- will be preoared

7g. "She might have ieflher name tag at tJ:re hospitai.,, means:
A. it is possible that she left her narne tag at the hospital.
B. it is certain that she left her name tag at the hospital.
C. She usually leaves her name tag at the hospitatr.

70. The senbnce "Although she ordered her prescription two days ago, but it
is not reaciy." is correct.
A. trre
ts. false

27. He and work together.

A. me
ifT

T-- The sentence "Nurses, as wetrl1ike cioctors, work direcfl'r with patieng." is
incorrect.
A. true
B. faise
 i:':
ii,:: ..
.E.' J 23. At this time tomorrow, the iab iechniclan the samples.
A. wiil be PreParing
b. wlll prepare
C.prepates
D. wili preparing

24. Mostinterpreters'reaiiz.ethat communicaton skiiis are very

important.
A. they're
B. their
C. theirs -
25. "if your con<iition cioesn't improve. You shcuici call us." is correct"
A. true
B. false

:'

l/o
,.:. :

q.lNIT' 38C: SPECEALIZF-W VOCABULAITY TESB

Suggested time 15'20 rrinutes

This test has 25 questions ani, cavers the specialized vaca;ouiary you learned rn
oafi.D o,f units 7-9 in this textbook. DO NOT use a dictionaryn the word banks,
or the lessans in this textbook. Circle the right answers and then use the ke',r
section to toiai your score. Nrite you score in thi.s box:
tl
1.A blister is a local swelling of the skin t}.at contains water, caused by burning
or irritation.
A.true
ts.faise

2. Edema is another word for contusion.

A. true
B. false

3- Physical or mental tiredness or weariness is known as

A. arrhythmia
B. fatigue
C. boii

4. Itch is
A. skin discoloratron
B. irritating skin sensation causing a desire to scratch
C. inability to feel pain

5. Impairmeni is a contagious disease

A.lrue
B. false

6. Abtace is a rigid riressing, usuallrr rnade cf gawze anci plaster, useci to

- imrnobiiize a broken leg or arm.
A. true
B. false

7. A patient who is a<imitteC to a hospita.i or ciinic for treatrneni that requi.res at

ieast one cvei-night sta-y is aini
A.Eit pahent
B. out-paiient
C. in-patient

it7
,-#:.

8. *rttaching a piece of wooi or metai to sorneone's arm or ieg to prevent a

broken arm/leg from moving is calleci
A.firsi aid
B. bandagng
C. rpiinting

9. The rubbing or kneading of parts of the boci;r for therapeutic purposes is

known as
A. massage
E. acupuncture
C. ciriropractic

10. Medication capable of reducing or eiiminating pain

A. analgesic
B. anesthetic
U. antipruritic

1l-. Ove:'-the-counter cirugs can be bought without a doctor's presciction.

A. true
B. faise

12. Semisoiid preparation usuaily containing medicinai substances anci intended

for external appiication
A. catdiot-on-ic
E. ointrnent
C. ibuprofen-

L3. Anticoagulant refers to medication capable of preventing or relieving clotting,

A. true
B. iaise
i4, Contraceptives prevent conception.
A. true
E. faise

15. Gauze is used for banciages.

A. b.ue
E. faise

76. iumors are of no cianger to heaith.

A. malign
B.
benign
L7. Improper or negiigent keafinent of a patient is calied miscarriage.

11Q
l/(.,
:i4B.
:-5:_
;i

A. true
B. false

18. A stretcher is used to transport the sick, wounded, or ciead.

A- true
B. false

19. To fast rneans to heai quickly.

A. true
B. false

2A. A pararnedic is a person who is h-ained to

a. perform neurosllrgery
B. give emergencv medical treatment
C. assist medical professionals
D. boiir ts an<i C

21. Nearsighteriness is a visual defect in which ciose obiects apper unclear.

A. true
B. faise

2. Tonsiilitis is the inflammation of the ear.

A. true
B" false

23" Ascab is a crust fornned from and covering a heaiing wounci.

A. true
B. faise

24. Aviral disease causing the eruption of small blisbers on the skin or rnucor.ls
n:,embranes
A. scald
B. scabies
C. herpes

25. Mumps is art acute, inflamamtory,contagious disease characterized b_v

sweiiing of the
A. joints
?-,. tonsils
C. sajj,;ay1, glancis

179
:. ii::. -

{"iHE? l-fi ila: E tt"&hi SLAYION T'EST

-t
a se rnoiipsi rle o boaid 11, organ cavitar
1 &eag 12. rotuld
ciiqe 13. mAncXrirnelpmrit
saia cle nagteri L4. membru (rn6.ni sau
A

picior)
de unicd foiosinri i5. a s16.bi, a pierde Cin
greutate
6. banda)/vansament 16. oreion
7. orruie i7. ar:r.rorfeald.
8. pieoape i8. giancie sebacee
9. a leqina i9. a exirpa
10. a rimdne insdrcinatd 20. icatrice

i.(to)aimit a patient i1. sprain

2. ankie i?. starches
3. arr:rit 13. sfirrup
4. boii 14. swollen
5. bn-lise 15. -raste bucis
L
U. ^^^L
LADL i5. the -woun<ied
7" pus 17. {to) un<i ergo surgery
8. sarnpie 18. ',nhooprng cough
9. {to) scrub l-9. wearine.ss
'i*. seizure 20 womb

*.,E .,.Wg axe:

1. The padent haC be-rr v',aitrng tor half an hou:: when he was tcric tnat he
diCn'racfi-laiiy have ar, a-?pctnltrtent that da-i'.
7. If vou start iakins ii-rese piiis tcctaY, i'ou -will feei the effeci tcrncrro-u/
illornmg.
4
J, incleei, \ra1:;r r:recircai ins'urance c{ivers this type of proced:u.t*, ani ri"rere
is no CC-- ?--;'iY1c1il.
Wh.v Ciin'iyou see a pcdiah'tst a{ier the firsi signs of tce {r*stbite?

1()n
i ()'J
E:

5- Llniess u'e {inci a stretcher, n re caruact eaa-lsport her to iire seconc $ioor.
6" The wife of the doctar w,hc was sued ior n-raipractice is waiting in fz.ont of
the recor.zery roofii.
7. if vou go io the cirugstore this'week, piease don'i iorget:co r)uv sofile
oinirreni
8- The nurse was exhausted, so she refused. to go and gei some ga:uz" rror*
iite cabinet at the eni of the haLiwar,.
9. Acupuncture is not oniv painless but aisa efficient. Wty cion't',rou t::5, ii?
ia. Tne next patient to be seen b',, iire docior needs to sign this forrn.

'1. T'Ju s-a stabilit nici c tregif'rrX inixe pierderea a:uztti:ui gi acciclentui ie
masin} cie anul irecui.
1. Irie."oia cie a goii l'ezica urt-lard srir",'ine de obicei cind sc ac'dmuleaz* o
jurndtate de iifru de urin-d in ,,rezici"
3. fiu-r::'.i gEsesc reteta. Trebuie ca rni-a"rn iiisat-o ia farmacie.
4. Ar h puiu.t incerca sE meargd ia un medic nairrrist pentru cicakicea lEsatX
d-e ruruncul.
5. Ar fi trebuit sE-gi fi scos poiiuui cervical lnainte cie a rXn-rane lnsrirci.naG.
5. Fie asistentele, fie cioctorui ii cer pacientului sd-gi descrie sintptonr.ele.
7. Ea este cea care a chemai saivarea canci rnafiia ei a fdcut antarci.
8- "Te-am pianifica: penau o proceciurE r-ie zece minute rrentru a deierrfii{a
cavza amorteiji ta'te, " spuse asistenta.
9. Calitatea mAncdrii in acest spital nr.r mai este atdt cie bund ruu', era rnai
clemult,
Lil. Starea surorii ei a fost chiar mai rea trainte iie c}-rimioierapie.

'!o!
l{rl
'ffit*
l6riir, i'
\ i:t:i'

I
KEY

UNIT 1A.: OTTCANS, SYSTEMS, AND MEDICAI, SPECIALTIES

fru**ffi
i. units 5. rrachea
2- ceils 7. stomach
3. tissue B. colon
4. orgruts 9. neuroiogy
5. arteries l0.endocrine

Fffi
1.8 1q A, 29. C 43. B
-t6. M.C
2.4 Y, 3A. B
77. A 31. B 45. A
4,8 18. C 32. A 46. A
5.8 19. B 33. B 47- A
6.4 24. A 34. A 18. A
7.4 ./-L. D 35. B 49. B
8.4 36. C 50. A
9.4 ZJ. i\ 37. A
10. B 24. C 38. ,4
7i. A 25. A 39. A
12. A 26. B 40. B
L3. B Ll. la 41.. A
14.8 28. B 42. A
E,:
-"f'l

UNIT 1"8: OVERVIEW OF GRAMMAR TOPICS AND

GRAMMAR PRE-TEST

GirE iffit
1. A 11.4 21. h
2. B 17-C 22. B
3.8 13.,4 x.A
4. h 74.8 .L*. rt
5.8 15.8 "5.
B
6.8 16.4
7. D i7. C
B. B 1iJ. C
9. B L9"C
?.0. A 20. B

182
EJIJIT 3C: SYMPYS&€S A-N

s@$'*,€r itriiFy,mpr ;a;ffi'

I

,,-
i,c o.A
\

2.C /, D
nn
J.D U.A
1.8 9.4
s.B 10.8

UtrJI? 3D: UNIT J. TE{ANSLATTON PRACTICE

E;.

Siarea ei este rezultar.;.i unei hemoragii severe.

Doctorul a pianificat un test pentru a cietermina cauzeie crampeior taie,
Esie foarte ingrijorat pentru cd sofia Iui este in travaliu de gase ore.
Sora/asistenta meciicalS ar dori s5. gtie curn te-ai aies cu aceste cantuzii.
q
Facientul acuzd durere acutE.

i. Eciema ma,V have man), causes, inciud,ing tnfiammation or alLerg;c

conditions.
2. fur;r aumbness or unusuai sensaiions need prompt mecii.cal advice.
3. Cvanosis i.s rnost easlly observe.i cn the lips, tcngue, anii fingernails.
4. Angina mav hapoen during exercise, strong emotions, or extreme
temperairrres.
5.If ttau suffer fual;t indigesiion, )/(Ir should avotd certaor., iooas.

r-iNIT 2A; TFIE IkfLISCUE OSKELETil'uSYSTEVA

T}{E SKELETON

[teadirg;'a*i.,V.r,rrjbzalw,v,
i-. ];ones 5, ear
?. skeieiorl 6. k*ee
:,. *r'gal:s i. jcints
4. caiciurn 8. bend

l6r?
;Li-"
;,|iti"

'#ffiffi+
The Skel.etcrr : ZAa bones

i-irnctions size an<i sh of bones

s stfrfror*$a.6a@/qraaltf ubrteranA 'arw?t

ita#
// $orf i?tldefdeJ
{s /a//6iu_rr.v/oueme?/t 6onet. wn:./ *na'ani6

a frrai'etfi tn/cma/'araant //afiana* t{"//ana'sit

ij

-//
/ff'caulaf bonei..
* -r/aretmtneral
:Vtnafiafrmn

"r{trJ5C1-ES

3,. ternperair:.re
2. sketreiqrn
'3. smooth
4. involuniary

&1,rx*ot*eit

locatron flrrlcilo11
chest flexes the upper arm
obiiclue rios flexes the spinai column,
compresses abdominai
CA]1\tr'i

*,xt*l&;€]Jwi2:L,The eEetai:Svstem
,ll
.L1 .r.L

it^
L.U
n?t
1ft QI,
u- r,i F<

h /t
iL 1fiC

184
U&{i? 38: I{*qlf\i$ AHg} PRCTHfiEI&J$

-f o F.Tf
b.c .[.u
c. hIC s. tr\-
a. i\it_ It. \-

a. After the negotiations,thev made rnany changes in th,eir proposai.

"b. ?he nurnber of peopie srud;rurgrneriical Engiish is increasing
c. Alarge riumber of paiienb complai.ned about the quaiif of healthcare.
d,. The raclioiogist <iii not give mucit information.
e. Shre rnust take severai piiis e"nery {.aV
':,. M*y interpreters coilahrate witti this hospitai.
g. niarge nurnber oiine iacis in the meciicai reportis incorrect.
h. The doctor geve the patient many assu.lrances that he .arould get better
soon.
i. tsoth nurses irave various duties to complete tonigl'rt.
i. There are fewer man than warnen wori<ing rn the ER.
; . i--,- ,^

' .i."
ZUi f*"*rwlsecontain rnanl/ nutients.
2. Physicai abnorrnalities ai bir:lh are rare.
3. These are cervicalaertebrae.
4. She complains about her ganglia.
5. Th*y are scheCulei to have their eppendices removed tocia;i.
n- -..:,ri' r:}i
rraG.EI€el:f:F
i.i 6. our
7. she =
]-or.

3. we 8. his
4. the*:r 0 ihr:i r
5. he:: 7{i.us

Prattie+,P
1. has
tj nooA
a I (LLU

:i. his
+. i3
q h.=-.to

185
 T
i.B-j

EJNtrT 2C: SYIyIPTCtuIS P-Z

1 r-,

). c
-l
.j.D
4.8
5.C

UNTT 2D: UNTT 2 TRANSTATIONS PI{.ACTICE

i. Pacientr:l s-a pi6ns cle durere in regiunea vertebrelor cervicafe.

2. A expectorat mulii flegm5. ieri.
3. Or'i asisienteie, ori cioctorui raspunci ia teiefon c6.nci dispecerul nu este ia
biroui iui.
4, "Asistenta mea gi cu mine iti vom verifica -/e(ierea", spuse oftaimologui.
5- Eu am fost cei care a sunat ia urgenti cind sora mea qi-a pierdut
cunogtinla.
5. Trebuie sd luaf aceste piiule pentru a vd coniroia paloitaFile,
7. Asistenta medicai5 i-a iost de mare ajutor c6nd avea ciureri mari.
8. Aceste fige meciicaie nu- sunt a1e tale; sunt aie lui.

Let's noi jrrmp to prematulre conclusions.

The cioctcr and she agree that your aopendix needs to be removed..
Fewer men than women saw the endocrinologist today.
trieither the nurse nor tire cioctors have noticed the patient's pallor.
The results that the iab sent shovu the cause of -your cramPs.
'Ihe ri'r cage protects
lrour heart and lungs.
The probiesr is arthriiis, an inflamrrtator\z condition of the loints.
il/hen \4/e remov e your ga:",tglia, this area will noi be swr.rilen any longer.

UNIT 3A": TE{E CARDICVASCULAR SYSTEM

f*ea&'sgia*d:V,arahry*a&;
:
'i
heart b. .rentricle
circuiation 7. capiiiaries
biooci B. tissues
+. arteries 9. hormones
atrium 10.infecfions

185
 t,1
LU

U.H
han
:1. 1) ,). b
:A 1tl A.

UNI? 38: AD}ECTTETES AND ADVERtsS

a. a five-fioor clinic
a. aiotf 't-ioiiar rneCicai bill
c. a nine hrrndred dollar check
d. a two-exit rnedicai office
e. a ihree-week training course

a. ciose
b, honest
c.late
d. main
e.inciecipherabie

p
a. ea.siili, caimly, simply, $/e11;
'lr. gladl.7, quickiy, angrily, carefuily;
c. wiseiy, suddenly, wiilingly, peacefulIy;
cl. fasf chea ply, txtxteciiately, si.:ncerel,,c
e. beautifuily, slo-wi!, iogi caily. mon*[v,

Y=

i. r /orse 6. the rnost competent

Z. the most uncierstan,tiog 7- more reiiable
3. moxe redcent f. iarger
4. rnore difficuit ?. 'r'-icier
5. ihe fastest =wav 1O.the mcsi efficient

;;
rra*El€e.tr
i. satisfiei
7. interested
3. borec
4. frightened
! o",
LOt
 F
J, Gepressmg
6. further
t'7
/. fartLrer
i*. . ' .' -,;.:; .:-
r.s:aEr{Ee?E
-1
L. Your nurses are not as energetic as ours.
/-\
;L. The quaiiry of paiient care is not as high here as it is in my countrv.
a
J. This procedu.re is noi as safe as the one you cieclineci.
Ycur test results are not as goo<i as iast time.
.=
J- The ER staff is not as poiite as the maternity stafi.

The doctor aiways comes to work at 9:00am.

Parients often compiain about insurance.
Nurses usuall'r work long hours.
crl-^:---- ' '' -'1-. 1- r a- - r
J.u.tr t; rdl.etv tafe r()r wuIK.
The patieoi.un sr:rely cor:ni on the i:rterprrter to express his
concerns.

LINIT' 3C: CLINICAL I'ROCEDURES A-N

A.*lkll
#*+e4#l+l# fi?.tgE
'
7.
D
D 6.4
7. B
ll 8.8
n
4. u 9,8
rc.4"

LrNi? 3D: UNIT 3 ?RANSLATION PITACTICE

B', Eri#i*I#&oruarrialr Translatisrr

: :

'L. Trebuie si mergi in clSciirea r.r cinci etaje centru c bicpsie.

aceea
7. Rez'.rltateie autopsiei sunt intr-un raport special in ultimui seriar de sus,
3. "!t4 i e-am r:rograJrlat penh'u amniocentezd., c proceciuri de treizeci rie
A

minute" souse grnecologul.

8,. i"Ju',zei simf, nici o durere cdci vei fi sub anestezie generaiE.
5. Boaia iui e gravE, rieci are nevoie cie supraveghere medicald p€f,irrarl€ntE
ierapie intensirr5.
?n seciia. de
6. Doct.arutr vrea sE insoui, sA-P lii respiraiia cinci secunde gi apoi sd expid
incei.

188
 7. Ca;itatea icgrilirii pacienflS-or in aceastd.ciiicd nu esie at6t cie
bun* ca ix
trecui.
8. starea pacientei a fr:st chiar rnai rea inarnte cie masiectomie.
9' oxigenul gi nuirienlii aec din sAnge rn ceiuleie si tesui-r-iriie lnconiuritoare
prin oerelii subdri ai capiiarelor-
10' Cand sangele circul5 in vaseie sangvine, preseazdasupra peretilor
ior
creanci o presiune cunoscariE sub mrrneLe Ce tensiun e arteriald.

i. llne hospitai has a new recovery roorn, rnuch rrrore com,foriable than the
old one.
i'- The rar^n'ioct:"=nh ro^n-jal
rr;'u U'i.iuiu$.rauii icuurueG aiifry
^*^-.rL--^i^
LiLr:rrc./ )t-l wu riecd io cafi the cardioiosj.st
irnmeriiateiy.
3. Aiong -with meciicacon, the docior prescribed beci re-"i after the
duodenectom',,.
4. Tire patient neecis further infornarion on the possibie risks of
hysterectom,v.
5' FIis recovery afLer tl-re appeniectorrr;iz was tress
difficult tiran after fuis
previous sffigery.
6. We recommend a mamrrrcgyaorLy for the eaylv cietecticrn of breast carce:..
7. Everyone in th-e ciuric knou,s that she is noi the rnos; kindesi of nurses.
B, Are the iab resuits inore reliable than the auscurtation?

{.JNIT',4,&: TF{E H.ESE}IRAT{}E{Y SY gTE}yg

i. iarynx
2. Trachea
3, oxygerl
4. diaphragnt
5. iungs
'*ZXXY,{;#ry;W*rgftE e*Fry
!. fr o.f]'
._. *
ti. L
lin
:. !'.

189
rc---

EJHIT.gB: VERBS - F'*RtotS axi. TEHSES

L .-.' i

Ii Ii Ii ll-^-^-'-;-'^
l)*nmoccirza
;
i,
i ji ' ; l. ..,-.
iL;,C,rElilv=
l-
] trlr.,qani
J. : UJL: L! ] tdki'calks i a*.1rsf are ihave/iras ihavelhas
----- - ialking balked been talking
i

writei writes arnf tsf are havethas havef has

wdtin trrri*an - been writi.n
was i were had talked had been
talkins taiking

viasf wete haci written hari been

I iwtar?
'---- rrvriting
i '-----'-
Ii iiv.rridng" I
I

I : rlr i

wiil talk wili be talking wiitr have wiLl have been

talkeci tatrking

witrl write u,ill be wiii have wiil have been

writilg ramtten writing

4E
j

I i Simple Frogressive Perfect

1

E"r.a;€,t.If.t it}
Sirnpie lrreseni: The tioctot'zorites a re?ort euery week-
Preseni Frogressive'.1"ne aoctor is r.oriing a rqpart wow -

FreserlL Ferfeci: The aactor iffiiciresdy zziiten a rs,Port this useek.

Preseni Perfect Progressive; The doctor n*s beerc uiting c re.aort.foi'jS rt',ivn#es.
Simpie Fast Tly doctcr wrote a report the day bqfore yes-terdrY-
-l!rc cicctor rucs uryiting q re?ort uther. a yatievt cs!!ed..
Pasr Frcgiessivr:
Fasi Ferf ect:'T?E tloctcr i",sri iuritten.n rgport be,{a-rc he le,it howle"
lrasr Peri e.:",Prcgess:ive : Ti"-e doctc'r h*ci"bre 'n ittiting ri rgpart ,iar-75 fntnllLes r.Lli?"er!
tl+e {ira alarm utent *ff"
S*npie Future: Tnr- doc'rortoiil zt:rttc n report tomrsn'oan"
're?ort er tiiis tt'orle towQl'!cz:.:.
FuiLir{.i i"rCgressi v*.'.7k_tit:yiit:i-isr ",t.tl'itirt? s

t9C
Future Perfecl Tlyw i"oclor -siii iror, ,"tdftrn , _ir.pon ,ry' ,hu u*d *! fuiu tirift
tomortous.
Tuttre Ferfect Progressivc:: TLte ciocior zuiii haae been utritin&a reltort.for ten ffiint$es
by thLtiffie the staff ffieeting begins ftomaffa?n)"

8-a 1_5.b
via ,f- -

'-t !-r
10. c
11,.b 18.b
LK
72.b 1{) -
\ ./ -4.
I^ ta 13.b 'ti)'n
14.a

UNET 4C: CLXNECAT I'ROCEDUEES F-Z

Mw#1
i:rt:', !.tt,,1.,t;,r r,ii-4 :

i.b
a/-
-/-. \--
,{ A
J. I I

/i l)
tJ -

UNIT 4D: {,INTT E T'TTANSLATTDN FRACTICE

i. Paieniirl dormea de trei ore ir, saiontri Ce recrepeiare, canC l-a trez;t
asistenta.
2. Dociontl va iace (va fi facand) o amigaaiectomie (operafle de arnigciaiel
mdine pe vreftlea asta.
3. Far:nilia lui a fost deia vaccinati
4. Traheea se ramificX in bronirii care ini:X in plirndni.
5. Aerui pdirunde prin niriie noaslre qi merge in ios prin faringe.
6. Arn fost prograrrLat pentru un test aiergenic gi ag vrea sX-i anuiez.

C So-raanian;Effi sh Erae$.Eatisn
'L Tne stopped breathrng f'.t'enf seconds ago, If'ts Ciaphragn:. irasrr't been
moving at aii.

191
 2.My ciaugnter-in-iaw has been t'n oed.,rviih pneumoniaior aweek".
3. dasectomv and hrbal itgatxs* are methcds of male, resr:ecti.rely temaie
steriiizati.on.
1. Tne exchange of ca.rbon ctic>ricie anci oxi,gen takes piace itrough the watrls
of aiveoii anci capiiLaries.

EjNIT 54: TF{E I}IGESTfiTE SYSTEM

1. saliva 6. pnix 1L. giucose

2. chewing 7. nuil:ients l '. rat
3. sou? 8. large intestine 13. coion
4. esophagus 9. protein 14. lubricant
5. ia..ters i0.bile i.5. opening

n- .;',:':it
i.;a..:.-.:.' a

iJlilt lrl*i1!!$azr
;A
IA A I.{
hfi
/. \- i. r-
.A
8. Y,
A(- 9.4
5,8 1fi, A

EJNIT 58: VERBS - TF{E FASSIVE

ei;rrl ee*U
Trc salid iood that we eat is broken doutn into nutdents that are wsed by body ceiis. Tnis
process of chattgtng soii.d fooris into soiubie forms thai are sbsorbed by body celis is called
digestion and is fer.iormed h11 the digestiae sustem.

food enters r-he tiigesti,as tube through the mouth, ztt'here tt is ground up bU teeth and (is';
'mixed rliilt sillkta.

The stomach is a pouci'>iike. organ iust beiozu tiu diaahragwt. Its skape is {actuaily)
rietenningli by the amount qf .foad nnd the posiiion ai one's bory.

7'l* snratl irtiettirw is iik* a coiiei qnti it is tlr itifice ruiure foari. iiyrepare(i anii
tr.rbe,
abscrbed.. Tne stnail ir,tesiins ii.ning is coaered ruith tin',1 bioaci uessels ruiich absoiA
vnein.en.ts.

r ri,''!
..-trs
--a
tA
!-u 7. a
;-. "a
8.c
2.-
J.L 9"b
,1
f.4 - lC. a
4-1
h !^r tl. L
6.c 12_ b

The doctor controls the patient's pain with analgesics

Present Progressiae:
Active: The aoctor is cantrolling the patient's pain witLt anoJgeszcs.
Fassive: The patient's pain is berng conirolled,"uith analgesics.

Simple Past:
Active: Thz dactor controlled. tlrc patient's pain with analgesics,
Passive: The patiewt's pain utas controlled with anal.gesics,

P'resent Perfect
Active: 'lfr7he doctor'has
| t i , tr1 , tt t,
corLtrolled the patiemt's vain zuith analgesics.
Passive: The yattent's yain has been controlleri uitlt analgesics,

Sinryle Futura:
Acdve: The doctor ruill controi the yattent's parn ruith analg.esics.
Passive: The p aiient' s p airc u{li be controlle d ruith arwi gesics.

ftacti e;$
1. Th"y asked the i.nterpreter to corne eariy.
2. AII patients in the siudy have kept a speciatr diet.
3. Th*y will not aliow patients beyond this poini.
4. The new doctor wroie the report.
5. The surgicai team should rnai<e a decision soon.
4.,: -...= --;
H@€e-iH
- f . interprei-ulu.i i s-a cerut s5. vind devrev.ne.
2. C dietd speciald a fast urmatii de cXtre tofi pacienfii din sfuciiu. {Un regiia
alimentar special a fost finut de cdtre tcfi pactentii riin studiu,;
3. Pacienlilor le este interzis accesuL dincoLo CE acesl loc.
4" Raportui a{ast scris de c*tte nou} i*ctor.
5. C cieizie va fi luata curiurC de c;itre ecit:ipa cle ci-rirurgi.

iY -t
,.,.:.;

ffi.* .x is crp*i.t':!L, :o *tir t.re;izcai staS', s/he is ioen" a. thoroug.i-,

so?riecfi€
arientstian tc "'n,[i1t'{t
ti;s Lwsaitai on iiu irst ;zts* aoyu. peovie are chosen-Gs a reswft al a
sear':i'Ling interztiezu.'ilteri i'ne trczl et'nticyee is trsined. artC:ai,tg'itt nozu to comynrili.csie
i.rtitit nsttents,

{ilqflr 5 * E} tr s E ASHSfiL [,ruE E s E sg e{ yuE aE s/F}-r y syC,hL

C*hTBgEr*NS A-li€

l- -4!

:"D Y)

+i]
i" ',)
ID t_) r,
a- f-

"JNET Str: UNIT 5 TF{ANSE ATICid FRACTICE

W:ifu#
i.Pacientui care urlrieazd, sd fie consul tat cie doctor suferh rie armezre.
2" Se sufoc#. A fosi chematX saivarea?
3- Facieniii cu eiernenld nu au voie dincoio ie acest loc (Tiecerca/-htrarea
jryfier ztsa rlenh:u ;:acientri cu d.ementii.
4' F"ceastd asisteixtd a fost tm.'tdlat#..urrr sd coraunice cu pactew1;rt cu SIDA.
5. c rvlul,firne cle bani s-au ir"llrest'ii in cercetarea menopauzei.
u,
c
i\i.i s-a smDiiii l-Lrci o^ iegatura
]ri=- ^ - -!^L:I:L-i-i I^---!L-
tn&e !hrpergiicesria
-y:,-,-,,
: i.
gi hiperiensiunea ia.
7. Ccniunciiviia se caracterizeazi prin roqeata ochiujul.
8. A fdcui insoiatre chnd era in vizrti ia. prieteni in h,fexic.
f E*ma:rian-Engii.sir T'xaes3 atisri
i A';;t;;se that can -r,e Jassed fr<;m ?erscn to person by [r:uch or ihrcueir
ii-le arr is a contagious dtsease,.
?.. The frostbire of vilur toes i.s s,,rite se::ious. liaw 1ong were vou ex}ased rrt
ir a s=i n re rgin13graturgs
,,.-".'.t} ?

-1. Tire reopie whc Brere huriin thls accidelit are bieeiing severeilr.
1. Leuker-nia is a forrn oi carrcer Cr:.e ro abnorrnal muli:piicafion oi biaac
ieiis.
5. is he ccnsclc,us? i,.ruas toici he rr,ras in r-on:ra.
r- 3he iias c'/sbds ar-ri. l-le: pain is conriclleri ivith ar"raig*sics"
7 . Fir probaoi,, tauoLrr lnflt:enza iast,ryeek., -,.rri1ile iivLngto Asia.

t \+1],
 U" Nhen scm.eone is appclntea ic o$r m,edicai sta.i!, sfhe ts sjven a
thorou gh orien'taiion.

UNET 6A: THE EXCRETCRY SYST'Eh4

bowel movernents 5. nephrons

liqirid 6. tubes
kidnevs 7. biadder
saits 8. urine

I. b.A
i, !-\

A 5.fr
Y, P-
E u
H
10.4

LINIT 68: irEEdBS - MODALS

v-i**f{€
a. trt is possible he wili go.
b. We are unable to.
c. Yoi.r. rnalt be right.
ci. it is acivisabie for hirn to see +ire pociiatrist.
e. F{e refuses to eat hospital foocl.

; -".. - #d
Hlfi.f,tt€a;tr
a. "Where is Doctor "frafr?"
"I'm not sutre. He might be in his afhce."

b. Fiave you noticed- that aigm, sir? You :er.u-st no*t smoke in the irospitai.

c."i cara'tfird- this padeni.'s recoris."

" F'-La'vr:;trou ic.iokei i:l the ner^r fi.le cabinet? -V'\ie irro'rec aii reccrCs ir, rher?
iast -r,'eek, so vol-it' patteni's fiie qn.cuid b'e. ij:rere too.

d^. She r:outrci speak three ianguages wheil she rn'as iusi14.

r95
,-*it-
i+-;ri

e.trVhen i
was in rneciicai schooi, i v,rouiC stud.., iong hours for each test. i
b,advery good stuirz habits.

j,;r ...- )ritjtlir iin

i'Ii26f,'trfE;'L
-.

a" Th"y rrLight refuse io aCmit this paiient.

b. We have to create a gcad image in order io increase meciicai insurance
saies.
c.They should price this cirug at an acceptable ievel.
d. The drug is in great deneand, so it must/shouid yiei<i a profit.
e.We could read the medical repori last week.

ffid"Hj.e'E
She should har.e had her ciinical skilis tested.
-'v'grt-17
i !'ui SiSier" nr-rrSt
JiJ!!^ rrrsul L,--,^
iira V i; ili (jiL mal.n*'i+-,
7.,(+L +hn iraI;lartul/ -^^*^^ t -..itJ:i
DELLLI-'.! Vv- hef ngWbOf::r,
The pharmacist could not have losi your prescripiion.
You shouldn't have apriied this ointurrent.
irluts might have S.ren vou an allergic reaction.
He couidn't have visited ihe patient so iate in the evening.
You m';st have known something aboutmy disabili{,'.
The riiet instructions shouid have been on paper.

a. There rnust have been a delayed med.ical bilIing.

b. Thuy couldn't have called the slrecialist so iate.
c. The drugs xwy f mtght have been already cielivered.
d. The rneciicador,s rnust have been covered bv insurance.
e, You should have done your bioori tests.

UNIT 6C: D t S EAS E Sfl t I.NE S S E STXNIURIE S/PHY S ICA.L

CCINDTTIONS N-Z

tl€, esl-P.E-vsis €
1,8 /fr
c.D
,D
L, \- ;'ft

1l

AA

1fr h
Lu. fL

1,96
UrugT 5& IJI{ET # TH"A}JSE ATt,Sr%r PHAilT'iCE

i' Nevoia cie a goXi vezi.ca urinari sr:r.ririe rie obicei cfurc se acllrfiu.teazh r:
iumhtate de iitru rfe urind in vezic5.
S-ar puiea sd fri-z acceptat'rn proeramul de tralning pentru interpreiare.
Ar trebui s#-i ceri doctoruiui sd-fi sci.liz,nbe refeta pentru streptococ.
/i
hlu-rni gdsesc ecusonui. Trebuie c& l-am l5sat la spitai.
Ar fi putui lncerca nigte remeciii rratrrrisie pentral cicatricea ei.
O. Ar fi trebuit sd-qi trateze vagrnita *:rainte de a rdmane ins6rcinat6.

!- ii
1 -{l
i{rGrleYs
-r-iJ,-----
clott't
-]---,r
iunciion
f -'
proper"ty, toxic ri/aste rdgnt accurnuiaie and
poison the boc13z cetris.
2. whooping cough carr. be characterrzed ay spasffils cf couqhirrg a_nd no1ST
i*.-i*^r ^-
il r>yl'i 6l. LruI L.

If distant object-s appeay blurred to yoil, vou might have myopia.

ti
Yor;r pnearmonia ireatment must have been covered bv tTout medicai
lnsllrance.
q
Would vou ask the patient to describe hi-e seizures?
L
U. The removal af soljC anci iiquicl vvaste is performed b-l ttrre organs ot tire
excretory systern.

UIcigT 7.&: TI{E NEtrt.VO{-IS SYS?'EIvE

i. interprets 5. iearning
?. relI 7. baLanre
.r1. rllessages 8, areas
4. neuron 9. opilc
5. meinbranes l0.izeliebrae

:v!

/. L-t

;f, 1{\
i u .,-.:
^

t97
 iT-iT'T
7Lj:al; *E?" d-4-:l\Tls.Tild-*{}Ef q
; : u. L.J: ?aY!u r -QArr

tt" The b,|edicai Englisii co-urse \Nas v ei.'i mteresfin gb&t experLsil.,'e"
b" l";urses, as'weli as cioctors, ,tv*tk drrext-l=l'with r:atieats,
a. The ie'iter we tecei-ted frosl oui interpreter con-.ains mistakes 7r\ grz.rytrfi&y,
srei-ii:'r g, and st lle.

?*aaGeeffi
a- The new meiical supplies are not oniv rrrore economica"l but aiso more
arttacCi,e.
b, Iie has -bot* the time and the rnoney tc siart iris own meiical practtce.
c. Th"y bcught tj"re irug for its quaiiry as well as foy t*s af{orda"nle -pnce.
i. Tire cardioiogist was -botft. h*gry and iired after ihe surgerv-.
!1 :-rr;., -: 'i:;^
i r.4!L{.fL.C' 1*

i. Ty.e cperaf,ion \^/as cancelieC. f Ei

2. lvlore iests were needeC. (C)
T'lE operation was cancelied ciue tc the ,fact thnt more tests ".oere nee/"aect.

3. She dtcrrr'tfeeiwell. (C)

t. S"ne caileci the ioctor's afivce to rnake am appointrneni. (E)
She called the d"octor's o.fficc ta mske an ttppointmeni becsuse slw didn't ,feel
weii.
5. Tire medicaiion makes the patient dtzz:t. {Ci
o. The paiient rehned flte meciication" {tri
Tiw vatient reluseci tirc rnerlicstioru because it rnakes him frizz":t.
7. The treataneni was sltccesstiii. {E)
E. The conclition was ciiagnosed pro:rtuti-tz. (C;
The treatment zuas success.fiil du,.e io yrcmVt Ciagnosis.
9, t*te called 9X1. {;E)
i0, C>,,tr neighbo:' ccmplainec CIt acuie abciominai uain. {Ci
lNe cailed I ji bgcs]lse our fleigilbor cojnplain.ed of acute a.bdominal ltain.
1i. Mrs. fones avoicls spiqi foo*.s.
12. hrtrs. Tones has an uicer.
Mvs. iones aaoid"s sftcy.ioods because o.i her tiice:',

.-i
ii!eet:x:ce,-rj
1. oecause af
?, Decause
?:. becaust
4. because

lq,3
i+;.. .:r:..,.--r.i-
:i.Ea$t€et:g,
L" in spite of
?. despite
3. ,-iespire
4. alt*iough or in spite of the fact that i'tiwv're bcth car.rect)
Yaadth.r*E
1-. Although his Engiish -.vas paor, he manageci to cos-rrngnicaie his
probier* v ery cieari-y.
). Although there was a deiay, the cirugs were deiivered on time.
3. trarking fees were increaseci in spite of the fact that many hosoitai
emrloyees obiecteri.
4. in spite of the taci ilrat ihe insurance rei.rseci tc cover tiris procedure, I
was able to have it.

E:*+{,*i*,;*l;..r-.'
&.4'4H&Eftg

1. She stu-dieci harci so that she ccuid pass the board exarn.
2. Th*y trained ever-rrriav so f;rat tlr*y cright win the race.
3. FIe tooi< vita.rnin C daili, during the flu seasori so thai he wouidn't catclr
a cold.
4. i wanied io search the internet so that I couid find out more aboui bone
rnarrow transpiant.
5. She shoulcl have called her doctor today so that she wouldn't have to
wait unti] after the holidays.

UF{IT 7C: TREATMEI$T e-Z

4D
,1. U
/-
c. r)
1Tl
/" iL
OA

AC
=,
op
J- U

5.4 ia.?,

i9*
Eii',igT 7L?: utriEY 7 TWf"I"dSg,eT'E*i{ PF"ACT{CE

w,|lffiai:.TkarreEati5nt:
":.
Creter",ti 9i mEiuva spti,,hrti :*n€oleazd toate actiul'riie corpului.
2. $i-a silrsc,eitbanCalul ca sd--gi poat6 '#\ttta ciitr,a;a naud.
t ijpqr r.t-,ri.e aparat a',..1iifiv, a trebuit sh ne tearh sb_ repetiar fuecaye
in're-bare.
4.}'irasatui nu este ?:urrfiaii benefic. ci gi reiaxani.
5. Me<iici:ra lrahrri.std este un sistern *Ce rernedi-i nahrraie in care nu se
folosesc nii agenp chin:-rgica1i, nici aiopafi..

:*.: . l:' : r' A' i;4;;r\,4*.f, ailr' r

1:a1aAFf1\.
'i io the brace
L' She was a-bie to move her legs <iue
.}
Despite initiai obieciions, the paient aEreed to begin chernotheru?"v.
T-r't"y viiere upset becarrse c;f the i.n-patient's behavior.
l. Although acupunciure cari prcm*te therar,\,, 'we dor{t reCorFrrrl€nC it tor
ti:re time oerng.
5. All his reia-tives saved rnoney so thar' tl-rey could pay for his ircr'le
marrow fi-anspiani.
6. llnere is no cure for tt.is disease but we cafl keep it under controi.

UF{ET S& TF{E ENE}*CE{II{E and E{.EPI{ODUCTIVE SYST'Ee/gg

T}{E ENDCCH.IhJE -CYSTEh4

E{eading"axrd:lY,'t}c.a'*}Egar,,Tl
i. tissues 4. th-vroir:
2. rness€ngers ; $aficTea5
3. mf,ue-nct 6. cvaries

HE REPRCDUCTItr/E 5Y5TEh4

F{eariire g. an d:+ o cahe i ary

i. sex 4" t:aqwra
2. o-rraries 5. skin
1, rfPg ?11.,'..' .-
t:_ +-,i-.^
L\]ut:
r'*5-
-u* F:t <isrri-Ei e a n d E pr* ce r*q * Svsteme
ir 8 -4" Q::k: The e

t,I Fi.
\-t
'1 f
L. 'e

2**
 3i\
Ah-
-t . r-l uu
(rf 1fi
!u.11,\

UNIE 8ts: FF{RASES ,&I*JE} CLAE"ISES

7.C
2,P
3.C
+.P
5.?
#'r':'L;i'ili:r;;i i' :1tr';:
H.F+.-qffi_$
":;iff
1. Children who eat a baianceci diet are heaiihier.
2. Drr.lgs that reciuce pain are calied analgesics.
3. My sister iraci her arrn in a cast aiter the car accident.
4. The doctor visited. the patieni who had had a heart attack.
5. The patient asked when the orreration would begin.
'$'d These are given exarnpies; check ycu.rs with the teacher or in a Eroup.
1.. lNnen the rioctor chenged the presciption, ihe paiient feit better.
2. TXrat was the hospitai ztrhere m!/ sister hnd surgery.
3. i i<now what the d"ocior requesied..
4. If you order your prescriction toda;v, it zuillbe rea4tomorrout.
5. Demands for healthcare are increasing and inore doctors and" nurses are
rceeded.

UF{IT 8C: I}RESCRIPTION h-7.

wffisg#ity
7.C 5.4
?FT 7.A
3. ,1 Fii

.+"
^Tt D o^.,,--
5.A i0.E

2Ai
 gJ}VTT S EH*&NSLATE*hJ PRAC?3CE
UFTET &#;

r+i
W;: W*W
i. Giandei"e s,":n'L gi".rrtr": i:i1cr:trate ae 'restrtu:i car e faittsesc ::nateriaie
di:r singe pentru a produce hormoni.
7. Dac'a ?f coman zi r*eitcana al:,Lnc,elrtesi',rh azi, coi s5- c tid.ici rnSine
c-u:rA+nasd,.
3" $tiu cE meciicamenteie care nu necesit6 reteti pct f; curnpErate Ce ia
crice farmacie iocaiS.
A Cirristine a inirebat cirna sd ihceapd sd ia exlrectorantui.
( Jack a',rea rirAna in girios.

The femaie reproducti-r'e s.rrsiern ccnsists of iwo ovaries, two

(fatriopian) tubes, ihe utems, and the vagina'
-t
t-, Analgeslcs are capaaie of reduc:ng or eiirrdnating parn.
J. Tl-ia'i was the drugstore where X bought the ointrnent-
I
+ It',,ou can't toierate t*lis antibiotic, the ioctor .,triil. write a new
prescripticn.
The rioctor taikeri tc the paiient who needei cardiotorr-ics.
6 We har.e time to bandage the wo".rncl'

UHET 9A: TE{E SEF{SES - SEGE{T, F{E,{RtrNC, SI\'TELE,, TASTE,

ANE} TCUCFE

senses 7. tongue
skuil 8. sweer.
eyelirls f. infectron
iignt i-0.sv,,eat
vibrations l-1.skirr
eardrurn LZ.patr,,

E5&.e'kifuiz:-f&e.,,Sertses
4?,

-. l,
fL
.T
.i. :',,
IA
L!" fL

3.r
-h
U&IHT 9ts: EFFECTI"{E SEtr{T'ENCES

Wn#&w,P*
i. compiex (cx)
f"nis is an important responsibility vrhen one r,vorks in a hospitaf.

Z- compounri (c;
Some of the new medical suppiies are very expensive , Nd others are
ciisposable.

3. complex (cx)
Ii Jrou want to s-iay heaithr', eat vegetabies and waik every day.

4.
cornplex (cx)
Your X-rays indicate an abnorrnalirv that needs to be checkeri.

5. simple (s)
Meclications in the iocked closet shoulci be riistu"ibuied.

6.
complex (rx)
This famous snrgeon can perforrn the type of operation thai the patiEnt
needs.

7.
cornplex(cx)
Medication makes the patient dizzy, so she refused i!.

8.
simple (s)
The operaticn roorr is ready nov'/.

g. cornplex (cxi
i won't call mv doctcr untress i get an aciverse reaciic'n irom the rae,iicine
that he prescribed.

L0. cornpound (c)

The patient cannot move his legs, b"at iris bacic is pretty tlexibie.

?-affikeW

i-. incorrect 6. incorrect

2- incc;:rect 7. correci
3" incorrect L correct
4. correct 9. incorrect
5. correct 10. incorreci

.\ l'\ ''>
LWJ
 i, aitirougi"l he t.ad noi stuciieci the .week befare, he missec- oniy one
quesiion on his swd'rcaL terrr'"inoloW qLliz-
1
L, Shehad -w-r-:rked r&ariv hours in ER beiorethe vear enried.
.)" whenever Dcctar creen loses touch with her patients, she b].ames
herself.
The iab resu.lts aae'tmreiiabie because the sampies weren't hanCieri
prooeriy.
- ]usr to stay awake is a chalienge ol 'ivorking night shifts.

These are sorne possibie correciions. Yours might be different

i"Tne doctor hesitateei too lon?; ih-e pa-ti.ent complai:re,j about it.
2. Sbre siept cieepiy at nighi as sh.e had seen many patients all day.
3. i{e never seems to stop and he has so rnuch e-nergy.
4" I bought nevv clothes for the inter,riew, but I dicin'i get i}re job.
5" The hospitai has a gorgeous view that iooks out over a park.

Uf.inY 9C: &6trS CELI-A}{EO U SA,[E PICA]- AHt] HE ALTH-

TAEE,ATED EXPR.ES SIONS

6.A
L. ta -n

Jr- fj
i.i- i Y.A
,t
10.c

iJF,itrT 9D: i.${IE I YEIANSE ATEON PE{.ACTXCE

E. Errgiisir-- R orrtanram' T:,r'azesieti.$*

i. Tla, asigurarea ta piEteqte ing:'ijire prenatali;, Gw trebuie sE contricutlfiiL
cjin cosh.li fiecirer vizite.
?. De ce nu te-ai cius ia ginecoi".:g Cr-:pX primui al,ort spontan?
3. Dacd nu chentd;n salvarea, nu-l puterr rransporta ia spttai.

244
:€Ei:

4" DeEi folcsegte cirle ia mers, tonusutr rnuscular aL picioarelor este destul ae
br;n.
Pacienh:l al c&rui medic de familie a fost ciat in judecata pentru maipraxi.s
agteaptd in fafa s6lii de nagteri.
6. Daci mergi Ia farrnacie sdptim6na asta, ie rog si nu uili s6 fltmpen nigte
tifon-

1. f'ne anesthesiologist was exhaustecl, so he refused to work the night shift-

2. Because the medication macie hirn dtzzy, tfie paramedics carried him on a
stretcher.
3. Drink plentv of water whjie you are fasting.
4. The surgeorr reiused to r:erforrn the irigh-risk operation that the patienr
required.
5. His r+,arts are too srnali to be remciveci surgicaliy.
6. lhe -wheelchair needs to be -,epaireci before we can donate it.

UNIT 10A: I{UMAN BODY PCST'-TEST

l-. u "t5. A 2:9. A iatr
2-1 .U

16. B 5U. A 44. B

J. -l 14
L,/ h
r\ 3i. B 45. A
ta- 18. C 32. C 46. C
5.8 79, D 33. B 47. A
F}r]
6.,4 .t-w, Eu 48. ts
AA iL. b .r3. A 19. B
8.8 22. C 36. B JU. .r1

v.D 2_7. B 3i. F.

L0. A 24. h 38. /\
i1. A 25. A
12.8 /4. D Afr. C
13. A 4L. h
aO
L4. !, ^- AL. U

UhlnT l"0E: GI{APIMAR PCSY-?EST

14.
l. i\ 11. ts ./ :. L)
1f, 12. D
J. \- 13. B i)ea

205
 4,A -i4. fi L*." lJ
4- n
J. IJ i3- I)
-.' -4
i1 A
-[o. --^
1n /-
l_/ . r-
f;,r i8. B
9.8 79. A
i'.J. r- /tj. b

UF{IT 10C: SPECIALIZ,EW VOCABEILAR.Y TES?

,!A
L. n 6.8 11 A lr{ = 21. B
"R
'7r l)k
t-.u 17.R L;. r)
iH oa\\-
o, 13. A 18. A 23. A
44 qL 1A
r+. A A
'\t la
19.P;
5.ts i-<. A 24. D .LJ. L

UF,itT tr.0D: TRANSLATICN TEST

A-i

i. (to) catch a disease 11. hollow muscuiar organ

2. ciati cloffing i2. kneecap
3. crutches 13. itch/itching
4. deiivery room 14. Iimb
5. ciisposabie 15. (to) iose weight
5. bandageT'clressirg 16. murnps
7. egg cells i7. nurnbness
B. eyeiicis 18. oii gian<is
I (io) faint 19. (to) remove surgicaitry
1C. (io) get prernarrt )4. scar

1 (a) interna un pacieni l-1. luxatie, entorsS, scrdTLfue

2. glezna 1?. fdinaase, produse cu mult arniclon
3'. s-.lbsuoari, axtid 13" scfriia (urectrrii)
'j-4.
-!. furuncul ttw-f.at
5. cani:.rzi e, v iabtair." 75. papl-te gusiatiize
6. ghi::s i-5- r5niHi
7. purai i7. a se opera
B. specimen, probd. i f . iuse convuisivd/ md"gdteascii

lftA
 9" ..a.i
=-ardTals*5la*ri* irecaye L 9. o-boseali, *r:u=arr, s{Arpeaia
ifi. criz"a, accest atat. de 2{J" ptntec

i. Facientui agtepta rie o jumatate d.e or5 cand i s-a sl:us cd de fac't nu ayeet
planifi car e in ziua aceea.
2. Dacd vel incene sH iei pilulele asrea azi, vei simfi efeciul an6.ine
ri.imineaid.
3. Intr-adevdr, asig-urarea ta pl5tegte pentru acesi tip cie procedurd qi tu nu
frebuie sE contribui.
4. De ce nu te-ai Cus ia medicui speci.alist (de picioare) la i:rin'r-eie semne de
ciegerEiurd a d-egereior cie ia picioare?
5. DacX nu gdsirn c targd, nu putern sd o f,ransoortiirn ia etajul Coi.
6. Sofia meciicuiui care a fosi ciar in juciecatd pentru rnaipraxis agteacti. in
fata saionuiui iie recrrrrerarE.
7. Dacd mergi Ia farrnacie s#pi-drndr,a asta, te rog nu uita sE cumperi niste
unguent.
8. Asistenta era epluizaHi, asa cd a reiuzat sd meargd si aducd nirste dfcn
din catinetui de ia capdtttj. coridoru-lui.
9. Acupr.inct,rra nu este numai necir-rrercasS. cl si eficient5.. De ce nu incercJi
10. Facientui care urr-neazE si fie consuLtat rie rneCic trebuie sd sernneze
acest formular.

No cormection has been estai:lished" betv,reen your ioss of ?rcesing ard

iast year's ca-r accicient.
2. The n.eed to emprrr il:re bladder usuailv occurs wilen nalf liter of uine
accumulates in the blacicier.
3,. i ca:r't fi.nd my prescriptior"i. I m*si have left it at ihe ph-arrnac=;.
4u. ]j.le couid ieaire tried seeing a naturopa* tor the scar leii by .r-''e i;oii.
5. She shouici have had the cervicai poivp removed be{are getfi::rg
pregnant.
,. Either the nurses or the doctcr ask:+ the uaient to ciescribe lii.s
syrnutoms.
7 " it was she .rsho caTied,91i when i-rer inother had a heari atracli,

8. "I scireduled vou for a ten-minute procedure to rieterr'ine the cause cf

',y,cu.r nurnbngss", the nilrse said.
9. T}re quaittyr si fr''ori in irhis hosaitai is nci a-; high as ii u*<erj- io b..
18. iier sistei''s ccnCition rrlas even -woise cef<:r* rher:*'otheia?'y'.

L'ti t
{;

E ru GL X
g EE.ft.# Iq4AF{ EAT"* \i * C ,qB AJ L Afr.Y

ab crtion : av ot t pt o',' ocat, intrerup ere cie sarcind

(to} a-ccorrnt for: ia) reprezenia, a justifica
accurateiy : exact, corespun zdtor, precis
acidictior:.: .iepencienyii ae o substanfd chimic5
{tc) a<irnit a uatient ia) interna un pacient
airenai glands: giancie suprarenaie
affordabLe: posibil, permisibii financiar (I can'i afforri this car: ]tJu-mi
permit rnagina asta)
AIDS: SIIJA
aiiment lro a15, afecliune, tnCrrsp ozille
amniocentesis : amnioc entezd
ancirenai giancis: glandele suprarenale

anvii: niccrr,"'ai6
apnea: apnee (oprirea respiratiei)
acplianc e: di s p o ziiiv, in s trum errt, ap a r aL instal alie
appoi.ntmeni: progr amare f oLanificare (la medic); ?ntAlnir e La ord, hxd',
armpit subsuoar d., axiLd
ar-teries: artere
assurances: garanp.i, asigurdri (verbale sau scrise)
athleie's foot ('Iinea peCi.s): mlcyz| ia picior (ciuperci intre degetele cie ia
prctoare)
auscultatioil : auscu.ltaF.e, auscuitare ( ascultar e a z Sotl:rateio r pr o dus e d e
organele inierne)
avoid: a evita
backache: d.u.rere cle spate
backbone: coioand vertebraiE, gira srinirii
balanceC ci.iet alirn-entati e echriliblati
bail-and'socket joints: articrilafii s ferice (tribere)
(to) bandage a wound: (a) bandaia o rand
aa i^age I <iressi.n g: aandaj I oansarneni
(to) be a<lrnitteri into the hospital ia) li internat in spital, (a) fi scitaiizat
(tc) be appomted to a meiicai staff: (a) fi nurnit pe post de personal meiicai
ito) be drai*,n out ia) fi exiras
iio) i;e passei frorn 1:erscn to person: {a'! ?'tranmis(di <le ia persoand ia
persoaria
(to) b,e scheci.uleci: (ai fr. programailpiantttcar
(tc) be Yvorn; {a) fi pr:rtat (is v'zorrr: este purtaii
bean-shapei: in farmd cle b'oabi rie fasole

/rJ&
 itc-) bend: ia) lncioi
bevond: mai presus, riincoio ie
bilX: facturX, bon, notd de plat5
billing: faci.rrare
birth canatr: canal de naqtere
bkth controi: pianificare famiiial5, conirac eple qi piarrning famrl:ai
birtl:l: nagtere
-bitter:
arnar
biadder (urlnary bladcier): v encd,urinarE
(to) biame oneseif; (a) se invinovdti, a seautoblama
(to) blame: (a) invinovdti,blarna, da vin-a pe
bleed: a sAngera, a piercle s6nge
bieeiiin g: sar-rgerare, he::rLora gie
blister: bdqicd
bloo<l pressure: iensiune arreriald
'-.I^--.3 ^^ /*^^kx
-^-.^*l^, )vc(-iiiit,iil
l_/lJrJLr )rrllLUr=" ^-+rl- I Safi"ge
iiiUSIIa (.ie
blood test analize de sdnge
biood vessels: vase sanguirre
biooci: singe
hlnrred.: incetoga! neciar, confuz
boi-y weighf greutate corporai5
boii: fur"rncui
bone rna-rrow tra:lspiant kan.spiant de mdduvd
bones: oase
ei rnov ernents : p ertstaltis::l inte stin
born, a i
brace: protezd
brain: creier
brai.nstern: trunchi cerebrai
breastbone: stern, osui pieptuiui
breasts: s6rri
{io} breat}re: a respka
breathing, brea&: r'espiratie
bronchi: bronhii
brcnchioies : bron-hioie
brurse : catt*szie, v trdta-ie
bundle: rndnunchi, legdturE, fasciculd irnuscie buniie: fascicui rie fibre
rnuscuiare)
buria-l: tnrn ormA rtt-at e
bllrr,: argurd.
-bearning
pain: serrzatre de arsur*
btrrning: ar zbtr.;r, us:urdicr
i:,12 tcucl:: prin ating+re

bvpass: operatie <ie by-rass

,i nrl
1+,o1 cati in sick: a absenta pe rnoti".r c,e *tsal&., a a-r,.url:a absenta pe motiv ie
baald
(toi cancel: iai anuia, caxx.r.ela
cartvas tI"nzi,
cantllarves: capilare
car dia-.r ascuiar system : ap ar atul c ard iov ascular
itol care for: {a) ingnii
{ta) carry: (a) iransporta
cartilage: cafiila1
castf plasier: ghios
(to; catch a disease: (a) se rnolipsi de (o boai6)
cavides: carii
ceXi: celiil5
central nervolts systesr: sisternu-l nervos central
cerebellurn: cerebei, creierui mic
cerebrum.: creierul nnare
chalien ge: difi cuitate, Drovocatre
(to) check vital signs: a vertf:rca semneie vitaie (reqoiraiie, puis, temperaturd)
chesi piert
che',rzing: rnestecat
cidcken pox: variceiH
cnildhood: copilSrie
cirill: frison, ffigur,, rdceal5
chi;'opractic : chiropractic#
(to) choke'. {a. a se) sufoca
clot/ciotting: cheag
colC s-weai: sucioare (transpirape) rece
(to)complain: (a) se plAnge
c onjunctiva : conjunciivE

ccnneccive Lissue: tesi.:.t conjuncti-"'

bruise: contuzi.e
ito) ccnvey: (a) ti'ansrniie
ccciing effeci: efect de rdcorire
co- payn"rent ccntri bu F a p aci enfului la cheltui eiile rnedicale
{to) cough up: {a) i-r:gi, expectota (coughed up: expectorat)
ccvereei bv- ir,swance: achitat/ onorat de asigurare
cnniai ner-r/es: nervi cranieni
Ciau?: C{'Lx?, anghinE
crr-:.iches: ciiry.:
i:ci cure: {ai vind.eca
cyanosis: ciancszi,
c.,rsi: chist
cr.,gfiils: cistit#
ftoi deciine: (a) reiuza
ri ehvdration: d eshidrata_re
cieiayeci biliing: facturare intdr ziatit
deiayeC: intArziat
(to1 deiiver: (a)mogi, asista ia nagtere; (aSiivra
<ieiivery room: sal5 oe nagteri
demand: cerere
rieoxygenated blood.: sAnge neoxigenat
deriveci si/ntheticaliy: derivat sintetic
(to) destroy: (a) distruge
d evic e : in strurnEnt, m ec anis m, ap ar at, dip o nttv
riiaphrag:n: diafragm(e)
ciigestion: digestie
digestive svstem: aparatul ciigesti',2
discharge (of urine): ciebit (de urini)
rl-i.o-oo- 1-^-'!X
rrrJE(.DC. cL Lr rrr i g/ ui gLgai.fllla
^C^^rj---^
L) \) a,.ro, I aJ
-^r--L-x
disord er : bo ald., indisrr ozifie, tulbur ar e, der e glar e
ciisposable: cie unici foiosint[
(to) divert (a) deriva, (se) abate de ia
diz4t: ametit
closage: dozai, dozare, administrare a rrnui medicament
double pump: pompd ciubl5
drawer': sertar
ciressing: pansarnent
driver's iicense: permis de conciucere
irug: medicament
rirugstore: farmacie
duli pain: ciurere surdi, Clfuzii
riuties: responsabiiiteF de serviciu,lndatoriri, sarcini de iucrr-r, tr1a poshrlui
ear canai: canal/conduci auditiv
earclrum: timpan
edema: edem
egg cells: ovule
(to) ernbed: (a) iixain, incastra
embrvo: embrion
emergencv ireatment: tratament d.e urgentd
(to) ernptr,: ia) goii
en<iocrine s)/stern: sistemui endocrin
endolracheai inrubation: intubare eni otrahc ;rid
sprain: entorsE
ER doctors: rnedici din sec$a de urgent5
FR: (seqtia cie) urgenti
esorhagus: esofag

')11
 W >:++-;'':-- .'-"" ...:'
ffi;
W)
l

q
"ii;i excretolv Svsiern: aparahll excretor
i;;;;;;";'';i;p,.
.+
.:ri
exhausted'. ePT 'zat
experirnentai ci.rugs: nteriicarnente experintentaie
*;*buliu, globi ocrilari
:!:,: eyeiashes: gene
eyeiid linin g: interiorul pieoap ei. c oniun ctivE
eyeiids: pieoape
(to) faint (a) lqina; (faint leEini
farsi ghtedness/ hypermetrop ia: pr ezbifie, pr ezbitism
(to) fasi: (a) posti, se abpne de la m6ncare
fat grdsime (substantiv); gras (adjectiv)
tatigue: oboseaid., istovire
fats: grdsimi, mAnciruri grase
feces : {ecaie, excremen te
ierr'itzea egg: ovui fecunciat
ferzer: iebr &, temperatur5
fine: subFre, iin
fingernails: unghii (la maini)
first aid: prlrn aiutor
{tow of biood: cwgeref fluxi debtt <ie sSnge
forearm: antebrat
foreskin: prepu!
frame: ramE, cadru
frarnework: structur;{, cadTu, cat casd., arhitecturH
Freezing iemperatures: temperat-ui de inghel
rubbing: frictionare
(to) frighten: (a) speria, ingTozi, infricoga
fo i ghtenin g: ?nfri co sitor
frostbiie: <ie gerituri
gallbiad der: r,ezica biiiard
gauze: tifon
generai anestirefieation: anestezie generai6
genns: microbi, agenii patogeni, bacterii
(to) get pregnanl {a) ramane insErcinati
ito) get vr'orse: {a sei inr&utdF.
giands: glande
iioj ga o#: h se) deciaaga (alarrna)
p'av matter: materielsuirstanid cenugie (a creieruiuii
growtir of tissue: excrescente
growth: cre$tere
guliet
esofag, ga"Jej
hammer: ciocan

212
 {rc} l"iancle: (a} }ua ?:.r ffirrix#, sranipui.a r ir,.bc:t\ai/ lrarra
i"rarmfui: rrociv, cj#undtor
ha3, ;gr*r: febra fAnuiui
itoi heal: a (se) vinrieca
rzealing wounrl: ralrtd care se :,indec5 (?n c,ars rie vj::ldecarei
healing: vindecare
heaith histor',r: antecedende ineCic ale, fisa pacientuiui
healthcare professionals: personai ureriical, iucritori i::i ciomeniul sandtdtii
heari:rg aid aparat auditiv, pratezi. aztdttrvb,
heari:rg: auz, simtul auzuiui
heart charnbers: carrLereie inim-ii
heart inimH
t-reatsh'oke: insoiaiie
heipfui: de ajutor, serviabii, sttircr
lien-raf,rria: hesraturte, sdnge rn ulirrX
L;* -^, 1--I
Ltt L.6C..
). t
^* c\^
Ja*Lo,LLt

hinge lcrints: arhc",alahi in balarna

hin. vulu
auv, cnlr{
{to) iioii one's breaih: (a-qi) tine respiraila
holtrow muscular organ; argart carritar
hori-nones: hormoni
ibuprofen : rn edicarnent a-niin-fiamato r
diness: boaiii
impairei hearing: defeci ee auz, auz s}5"bit., surzi.me
irnp airmeni: d eteri an er e, defeci
in great cierr,anC: foarte cerut,/soiicitat
increase: cregtere
i::icl eciph e y abl.e : lbzl'b*.
injury: ranX, r6nire, Teziune, cietrinteni
in-patient pacierrt internat in spitai
:.irsuranc e : asi glji av e
intensive cale unit (iCUi: secfie eie ierapie i.ntelrsiv#
itchlitching: mAnchrinte a pieiii, prurit
j aw: rrrax liar, rnamdJbul5, taici
j oi:rrts : incheieturi, articuiatii
(ro) jr.rntr ts conciusicrts: (a) tr"age comc'lr;zii pripite
kicl.nei,:s: rinichi
knea din g: fr iirnhntar ?, {?t&s a,}
knee: genu:rchj
k:ree i-l-llurr,,: tdntte a- geni-lnchiuiui, i,-ra-bj.eme iaiecltuni ia ger-runchl
kneeca-l: t..rf;)i,
frarraiiu, ei r:reriie iacerii
iaL.,or"
iarge intestine: intesm gros

4'|\
., ! r
 larrrnx: Laru*ge
ieft bronchus: irronhia st&ng#
iens: iendia
fainl Leqin
(,t*i fair:i ia) iesina
.,::'- l1
injury: leziune
: iigarnenis : ii garnente
:,
iimb; rnembm (urand sau picior)
I s:'buze
iiquid rrraste: rezi<iur: lichid
ii.,zer: ficai
{to) iose touch.: (ai pierde iegf,tura
(loi iose weight (ai sidbi, pierde <iin gleutaie
loss oi consciousness: pierderea cunogllntei
ioss: pierdere
'1,----.
rr.ir r.H,D. -tx*.--i
v La,Lita,LLL
itoi maintain pregnancy: (a) rnenfine/ aiata sarcina
malpractice: malpraxis
ii1?Eltri"rarv gianris: gia-rrde marfiare
rnea.sles: poiar
meciical records: fige medicale
medicai suppiies: produse gi instrumente Ce *z rned-ical
(toi mele 1'a se) topi
mess en gers : iTansmi!5ton, otesa gen
rniscarria g e : avort sp ontan, p ierderea s arcirrii
(to) miss a qu.estiora on a qriz: (ai gresi un rdspuns i.a- un test
mixture: amestec
mori-uarv: inorgd (substanijv), morttaar {aciiecfiv i
motor neives: ner,,ri rnotori
rnouthwash: apH ae g:urd
mulnps: oreion
m,rroc ard iurn : r.iocar C
name tag: ecuscn
naryotlr: ing*si
naf,r-:.rop ath.,r : medicind natr:ristE
nausea: greaia
nearbv abjects: obiecie a?ropta+,e
nearsi ghte <ln ess y' mv opia: w,iopit
neeciie: ac
nepi-u-iiis: nefrit#-
r"lephrons: neironi
nertze endings: terzninatlt nenroase
neri,res: nervi

''\-l fi
 . nexr./cus s=,:steffi: slstem r.ler,/$S
neu.rcn: neiIrCIrr
ntghr shif* scirimbui i'azra ie noapte
noisv: z$la-,rtst-as, g5ldpcs
no'strils: ndri
nurnbness: amorteaid
nutrients: nutrienti
occr;rring: care aeare, su:wine, se;lroduce
oii giands: glanie sebacee
aisrforrent u.n gueni, aiifie
olfactcrv nerve: nerv oifachv
oli guria : oli guri e (rnicg ora r ea -,, oi urn ui.r.al ilrin el or)
ori er-irj- of.f pain:,iurere intermitentE
opening: cieschiriere" orificiu
optic ner./e: nerv optic
cyi-i4'.,r r^-6.^-- ! -^--:i:^-- / ^^*-:Ltc ^-- -i^---
\_rr r-lrLctl D{^-rL-r\trLD/ ^-L.:!^
La.vrLlE}, uj.utLa/ LaViIaI] OCLriaj.g
otrt-patienL pacient care nu necesiti;:'lrernare ?n soitaL, pacient cu regir.
arnkrlli:l-nrirr
ovaries: ovare
overnighil peste noapte
over-the-counter drugs: n:redicarnente care se cusnpdrit- fdrd retetA
orygenateci Lrlood.: sAnge oxigema| incErcat cu oxigen
pallor: paioare
r:aramedic: asisteni n'lecilcal de pe arnbr:lanid
partial ioss of sensation: pierderea varfr.alk a srmt"riuii'capacitdfii cie a simij
p aiient car e: ingrijirea p acientiioi, asistenta meiicail
peivis: pelvis, bazin
(to) perceive: ia) frerc"pe
itr:i perfor:n: (a) indepiini, face
peripherai nervous svstem: sisien-t rr,enros periferic
persp iratiorr: transpira fi e
pfiarvnx: fari:rge
nh ieo-r-n' {ioo-rnA
{.tai pic,u.'&D: i,a} ricica,lua
(icr) ui.erce: ia) strdnunge, ghur!
- piils: piiuie
prneai gland: giandd prneaLd., *vifizd
rj itt-,tay"'t 91 an,J : anc i p it:ti tar d, hi. ortz|
91
:;'i.vct ioi.l-ir: arf;ctdaF.e uivotanta ic;t si ar:ucuiad a c.e ia isaza r:iaaiiliuii
'i-riasric snrgei'')/ : :nitur qit pj asiicd
?rjileumoc+nicisis : pn eur.cc cni cza
:t{}diafrisi nteiiic siseciai',zai ?n afectiuni aie picioareior
{tcj poiscr,: iai *thvl

/i'.
 -i:

,..=iii,,
:.;..i.
t:*ivsria: pait*y;.e icregterea caglt;hf* a*. urir'.h peste 3 ti#1!Z+ *xe';
:
:*i'. lLr:ii rposrpone: (a] arril,na
', posiur€. fnutX, Das?';td, P<>ztie
,,1 ]r'legfian]icYt i;atcl'r.a
-
. presbyapra: prezbttte, ptezbiasrrr
,-: ito) prescn-oe: {.ai prescrie (un tretarrent)
':
..: "i;
rrescription: retet6
{ta) ;rre'.lenil (a) pre.,zeni, ?rnpieiica (in sens pra{:iac"J,c;
. prlrrlary physician: rneciic de famiiie, generaiist
, (tc) promote ti'reraplr'. \a) acceleraf grihT/irtlesnitetapia
:,rr, prostate: prostatii
puise: ruls
, pupii: pupiiH
..ait DUTDOSE: SCOD
pus: iluror
pt:l:zlec: perpLex
auar anttne: carantiriX
raoies'. turbaie
,,,'
1) race: cursii, intrecere
I (toi recerrr e: {,a; pirni
', Tecepfi.onisf ciispecer, receptia{Let, sori. C"e cabinet
(to) recognrze {a} recunoagte, identifica
recoverv roorn: salon <ie recuperare (in speciai dup5 inter*veniii chirurgicaie)
..,
, Teca'ver\i: recuperare, ie-rsdnxtosiie, revenire

reci rnarrov'r: urdduv d t asie

redness: rogeaiS
,, reiatir.,es: rude
,,;..,' reLiabie: rie tr:lcreciere, sigur
iic) reiieve: {a) r.rsura, aitrta
re rnov ai : sc oaier e / r:xtiyp at e (p rilt ars er e"lie )
l; ,, {io) remorre {sur#caiirr): ia} scoaie f exrrrpa iprin ouerariei
:. reproduciir.ze svsierrir Bp&rdtu-i genital, sister';rili reprcciucatci'
.. .': {to} reguire: a cere, a rtecn:sita, a solicita, a prei:irrrie
', research: cerceiare
- reseaichers: ce::ceidron

. reii-ria. retrna
, ' rhiniiis: r'init5
ri*ca ge: cui;a toracici
ri-i:E: ccasir
:ta :

' trlslri bronchr:s: bronhia cireaptd

. rui:bii-lg: frecare, fuecfie, frtcponare

116
saiis: sd:afi
sa}j"'i:. sdrat
sarnple: m.r:sird., :rirob5, egantion, speclmen
sampies wetren't ha:raied properiv: specirren ele / probele nu au fost trataie
(nranipuJaie) corespunzator
"{to) save rr.lorrev: (a) economisi bani
scab: crustd, scoartE
scald: arsurd, oparealH
ito) scald: (a) arde, opdi
scar: cicatrice
sche<iuie: pian, program., orar
ito) scheduie: (a) progralna, p'txihca, fixa
scrctu:n: scrot
(to) scrub: (a\ curd,taispFila pin frecare, (a) freca cu peria
sebum: sebum
seizure: crirAf aocesf atac (de); atac de apoplexie
sense organs: organe de simt
senses: siu,.furi
sensory ne ves: nen,i senzitivi
fto) set a trac?are: (a) pune fu ghips o tracturX
sharp pain: durere acuti
shin: fiuierul piciorului, tibie
shiooing: expediere, transport
shirrering: frem.urare (shiver: a tremura)
side effects: efecte secundare
sighe vedere, simful vizuiui
skeletai muscies: rrupchi scheletici
skeleton: scheiet
skin tesil test de sensibiiitate la alergene
skin: pieie
si<u1i: crani.u
(to) sieep cieepl'y: (a) dormi adinc
sraall intestine: intesti.n subtire
smeii: miros, simlui mkosuiui
smooth: neted
smcoth muscies: mugchi visceraii iforrnaV d.in iesut muscuiar netedi
sneezing: strdnut, s trdn uiare
sof.i tissue: iesut moaie
sciii $raste: reziduurt soiiie
s<rre throat ciurere t* gal; {to itave a Sore throai: a-l ciurea in gdil
scr e : in-4ama F e, rc,n6. s ubstantiv) ; i::rflamat, d ur er os ( adi e ctive)
{

sound r,'ibrations: unde sonore

sour: acru

!1 t
#

spe$n cells: sPerntatazatzt

spicrT: picant, iute
spinai corci: miduva sPin6rii
spinal newes: nervi sPinaii
spiinting: ateiS
sprain(ed ) : htxat, scrAntit
spraint entorsd, scr6ntire, iuxatie
sputurt: sputd, flegmit
starch: amidon
siarches: fflinoase, produse/alimente c1 continut ridicat de amicion
(to) start one's own medicai prachce: (a-qi) deschide cabinet medicai
propriu
steam: vapori de aPi
stirup: sciritd.
stomach: siomac
sneezing: stranutare
sf,cp thioat; strepiococ ti g6t, rosu 'r' gdt'
stretched: intins
stretcher: tmgi,
strip: fa$ie
sudden: brusc, subit
surgery: chirurgie, operape chirurgicalE
(to) swallow: a inghiii
swallowin g: inghiiit, in ghrflre
sweat gtranis: gianoe sudoriPare
sweet dulce
swelling: umfiitur5'
!ilfii.
swoilen: umflat
taste: gust, simFsl gustuiui
i"' taste buCs: paPile gustative
testes: testicule
the ciead,: moriii, eiecedatii
the sick bolnavii, suferinzii
the wounde<i: rhnifii
thicker: mai gros (tirick: $os)
thigh: coapsA
thin: subiire, suPiu
throat: git (intericr)
thrcbbing pain: durere pursaiild/ir"l puseuri; puseuri rie clurere
through the air: prin aer, pe caie aerianE
thymus: timus
flryroiC: iiroidd
tied: legate
tissue: lesut

218
 toes: Cegeteie cle ia picioare
iongue; iirn-ba
ionsiiiecto*ly: tonsiiectomie, operafie c*. e scoatere a arvrigdaieior
!;
ionsilhtis: araigdalit#
tonsils: arrtigdaie
iopical: Iocal
touch: atingere, simfut tacdl
(to) touch: (ai atiage
trachea: trahee
(to) train: (a, a se) insh-ui, forrna, pregdtt
freatrrent iratamerrt
tubal ligaf,on: legarea/heaiura trornpelor uterine (sterilizare ci-rilrrgical6)
iubes: irornpe uterine
ito) unciergo surgery: (a se) supune unei operatii chirurgicale
undesirabie: nedorit, inciezirabii
urreiiable; ne d er-r-rn ci e incred ere, iresig ui.
ureters: uretere
urethra: uretrd
urine: urind
uterus: uter
.,zagina: vagin
rraive: vaivd
veins: vene
vertebrae: vertebre
vertigo: am.eteali, vertij
viiai signs: sernne vitaie (resrirafie, puls, ternperaturd)
wart neg
waste pro<iucts: proriuse rezidsale
watery eyes: ochi apogi,Idcrirnogi
(to) wear: (a) purta
-'.veariness: oboseald, eputzar e, sf6rgealE
{to) weigh: a c&ntXn
",r'reighf greutate
rn irite blood ceils: ceiluie aibe, ieucocrte
whcoping cough: fl-lse convuLsive, tuse mXgiireascd
{ta) win: tq cilAu:ga
wrng: aripdf corr de cldclire
..viih ci.ra w ai. t eff a ger e
-rvocrb: oAntec, uter
v,zrisi: ?ncheietr:.ra m6inii
itc) -wrice prescriptions: (a) scne reiere rneciicale
X-ray: radiografie

2i 9
 E<C MAf,4 SATV .ENG tT S*1. V {3CAE ULARY

(a, a se) atrate de la: (to) divert

(ai absenta pe motiv a.eboalil: ito) cali in sick
ac: neerile
achitat (onorat) de asigurare: covered by insurance
acru: sou.r
afecfune (boaid, indispozitie): aiimeni
agenp,patogeni: germs
oli*o.
qiltL. n'ialma*;-
v4rLllfEatL

(a) alina: (to) relieve

alirneniatie echiiibratd: balanced diet
/a\ eiina. /+n\ -olio=ro
aL^rL v.,
\LVr,

(a) amdna: (to) postnone

amar: bitter
amestec: mixirrre
ameteald: dizziness
amefit dizryr
arnicion: starch
amigdale: tonsiis
arni gd aiitd: tonsiliiiis
amniocen te zd: amni oc ente sis
amorleaid.: numbness
ana.lize de s6nge: biood test
anestezie gener ald generai anesthetization
anghind: croup
ante'Drat forearr-L
anteced- enci e meriicaie : ireaiih history
(a) anuia: (tc) cancel
apd de gurh: mouthwasir
aparat auditiv: hearing aid
aparat: apniiance
aparatui cardiov ascul"ar: card iovascuiar sYstem
aparahri digestiv: digestive svstem
aparaflrl excretcli': excretoryz si'steffi
ap at afril r es piratci : :'esc, iraior-1r g1z' rgs1
apnee (oprirea respirafiei'1: apr.ea
arsurE: btirn
artere: arteries
articuiatii 1n lraiama: hinge ioints

224
 articulaLii pivotante : piv oticints
articulaFi sferice (libere,p: baii-and_socket
ioints
aracuia$: joints
asigurare: insurance
ia) asista ia naqtei: (to) deiiver
asistent meciicai de pe ambuianii: parar-.nedic
a1ac (criz5 de): seizwe
ateld: splinting
atinge:touch
atingere: touch
ausc'ultaFe: auscultation
auz siXbit: impaired hearing
qqL.
=trc-
l-nn--^
rrralrIr5 ^

avort (provoca! intrerupere de sarcin6): abortion

avort (spontan, pierderea sarcinii) ; miscarriage
ayiT\- armni*
w r^LvLL

band.ai: iranaage
(a)band,aju o rlne' (to) bandage a wound
ba+icH: biister
bazin:pel.,ris
boal5: iilness, disease, disorder, aiiment
bohravii: the sick
bon : bill
bronhia dreaptd: right bronchus
bronhia stingfi: left bronchus
bronhii: bronchi
bronhiole: bronchioles
brrlsc: sudden
buze:ltps
bypass: operaiie de bypass
cadr u: {t ame, frarrrework
camereie inimii: heart charnbers
canai (conduct) auditiv: ear canatr
canaj. de nagtere: birth canal
(a) c6ntiri: (to) weigh
capilare: capiilaries
carantinf,: quaraniine
care surr/ine (se produce): occuring
carii: caviiies
cArle: crutcnes
cardiaj: cartiiage
(ai cAqtiga: (toiwin
celuia: ceil

221
 ceiuLe a].be: wirite biocd cells
celuie roqii: red blood cells
ce]rceiate: reseaich
cerceteiori: researchers
(a) cere (sohcita/predndei: (to) requue
cerebeL: cerebelium
cerere: demand
cerut (solicitat); jn demand
cheag: clot
chir opracticd : chiropractic
chirurgie plastic5 : plastic su-r gery
chirurgie: surgery
c?risi- rysi
cianoz5.: cyanosis
cicatrice: scar
ciocan: hauuner
cistitd: rystitis
coapsd: thigh
coaste: ribs
coloanA v ertebralX: backbone
conjunctiv d: conjunctiva
contracepFe gi pianificare familiaiE: birth control
corrtribupa pacientului la cheltuielile nnedicale: co-payment
contuzie: bruise
copiiirie: ciriidhood
corp (aripi) <ie ci6dire: wing
::14
creier: brain
creierul rfi.are: cerebrum
creqtere (mhrire): growth; increase
crzzd (atac de): seizure
crup: croup
crustE.: scab
cursh (tntrecerei: race
cutia toracicd: ribca ge
Ii
ddundtor: harmfui
- de ajutor: heipful
de incredere (sigur): reiiable
,1.,:

de unic* foiosinfh: disPcsable

debit (de urine): <lischarge {of urinei
': ..

defect (deteriorare) : irnr airrnent

!:ar:
defect de auz; imPaired hearing
de gerdturd,: frostbite

2?2
ciegeteie de ia picioare: toes
crepencienld {de o substanfi cirimicE}: aridiction
iereglare: disorder
ieri.vai sintetic: cierived wntheticaliy
ia-qi) ciescl-ride cabinet rnedicai propriu: (to) start one's own medical prach.-.e
deschiciere: ooening
deshiciratare: d ehydration
cieteriorare (defect) : rmpairment
detriment: injury
aiatr agm( 5) : diaphra gm
dificuitate: chalienge
digestie digestion
dispozittv: device
dispecer: recepfi.onist
,disp ozitiv (insfrume rrt, ap ar at) : appii an ce
/^\ -J"l-c-- \-
^ -- /t - J - -,
\a/, LtrDLr LrEe: \r0l ueSEroJv
(a) dormi a<iAnc: (to) sleep deepiv
d,oza1: dosage
dozare; dosage
duice: sweet
ia-l) durea in g6.t (to) have a sore throat
durere acutd: sharp pain
ir-rrere Ce spate: backache
durere uiuzb,: duli pain
durere in g6t sore throat
durere inbrmitentS.: on and off pain
durere puisatild I i:r puseuri: th.r obbin g p ain
dureros: sore
(a) econornisi bani: (to) save money
ecuson: name tag
edem: erierna
efect cie r6corire: cooli:rg effect
efecte secundare: side effects
embrion: embryo
entorsd.: sprain
ept{tzd. (giandd pinealX): pineal glancl
ep"a)zare: weariness
epuizat: e:<hausted
escfag: esophagt"rs
(a) e.,,ita: (to) arzolci
exctremente: feces
excre$cenfa: growth of tissue
(a) exoeciora: (toi cc,ugh up

223
 4

i:il expectorat coughei up

expediere (transpor,.) : siripuin g
(a) exoira (a da afara aerui): (to) exhaie
(a) extirpa: (to) remove
extirpare: removai
facturd: bill
facturare intdrziati : delay ed billing
iacturare: billing
,a. fiinoase (produse/aiinnente cu continut ridicat de amidon): sh.rches
faringe: pharlmx
farmacie: drugstore
fascicul: bundle
fascicui <ie fibre muscuiare: muscie bunciie
f&gie: strip
f'ebra finului: hay fever
ieor'a: fever
fecaie: feces
(a) fi extras: (to) be drawn out
(u) fi internai in spital (spitalizat): (to) be admitted into the hospital
(u) fi numit pe post de personal medicat: (to) be appointed to a medical staff
(u) fi programat (pianificat): (to) be scheduled
ii
(u) fi purtat (to) be worl
..

(a) f, transmis ld de ia persoaad la persoand: (to) be passed frorn person to

Person
ficat liver
il r:
fin: frne
lidj
figa nacientuiui: irealth history, medical records
fige medicaie: medical records
(a) fuxa in/incastra): (to) embed
fiegmX: phiegm
fuierul picioruiui (tibie): shin
.l
fiux de s6lge: flow of blood
frdmintare (masaj): kneaciing
(a) freca cu peria: (to) scrub
frecare: rubbing
fueciie: rubbing
fricflonare: rubbing
f::ison: chiil
furuncui: boii
gal5gios: noisy
garanEi {asigurdri verbaie sau scrisei: assurances
g&t {.exteriori: neck
gat iinterior): throat

LZ+
 gAtiej (esofagi: Eullei
{a1 ghuti: (to; nierce
gene: eyelashes
genunchi: knee
Bl"rips: cast,plaster
giandd pineaiE @vrttzd1:pineat giand
glandE pituitar6 {hipohzl): pituitary giand
glande rnamare: mamxlary giancis
gLande sebacee: oil giands
gtrande sudoripare: sweat giands
giande suprarenaie: ariren ai gianas
giancie: glands
g'ieznd: ankie
giobi oculari: eyebaiis
gras: fat
--y^:*:, c^L^
6j.drlJ,Lilr. 14_i.D

greaid: nausea
(a) gregi un riispuns la un test (to) rniss a question on a quiz
greutate corporald : body weight
greufate: weight
gros: thick
gust taste
hemafurie (s&nge ln urini): hematuria
gold: hip
lrip ohzd (gland5 pituitarX) : pii,.ri tan, glamd
hormoni: hormones
ibupr of en (medicarnent antiinfiamator) : ibup rof en
inciezirabil: und esrable
ilizibti in ci e cip h erubie
infiarnaFie {rani, ulcerafiei: sore
inirn6: heart
insoiatie: heaistroke
{,a, a se) instrui: (to) train
interiorui pleoapei (coniunctivd) : eyeiid iining
(a) irtterna un pacienc (to) adrnit a patieni
iritestin fpos: iarge rntestine
intestin subtire: small. tntestine
int-irbar e en clotrah e ai 6 : en d- otrache a i. in t;baticl-:
?n forrnd. eebaaaaie iasoie: bean-shaped
in cet*g at (neci.ar, conluz 1: biurrr cl
incheiefura n:l6inii:',nrrisi
lncheiefuri: jomts
(a) incieplini: (io) perform

.'/-3
I,a) iarioi: {toj bend
(a1 ?r,iricoga-: (to) *,ighten
ghtenin g
?nft ic oqh io r : {zi
{a) inghiii: (to) swaliow
in ghiiire (inghigit) : swailowing
(a) ingriji.: (to) care for
in grijirea pacienfilor: patient care
tngust narrow
inmormdntare: burial
(a se) iruiutdfi: (to) get worse
?ntdrziat deiaireci
?ntins: st'etched
{a se) ?nvinovdfi (autoblama): ito) biame oneseif
(a) ?nvinovdti: (to) blarne
iaringe: iarynx
le gar e a / liga ti;ia tr oi:'.p elor utenne : fri bai Li ga ii or r
iegate: tied
ientiiS: lens
iegin: faint
(a) iegina: (to) faint
leziune: injury
ligamente: iigaments
limbX; tongue
(a) livra: (to) deiiver
iocai: topical
lucrS.tori ln domeniul sdndt5fi.i: healthcare professionals
rn5.duvf, roqie: red marrow
mlduva spindrii: spinal cord
mai presus de (ciincoio de): beyond
rnaipraxis : maiprac tice
mAncdrime: itch
(a) manui (manipulai: (to) handie
maxilar: jaw
inedicamenf Crug
medicamente care se curnpdrb fbrd refetd: over-the-couater drugs
meCicamente experimentaie: exirerimentai drugs
rnedici din sectia de urgentd: ER doctors
meciicind na t-urisii : na irrropa tirv
mernbru (mAnE sau picior): iimb
{a } rnenfine (ajuta) sarcina: (tc) ntaintai::i. pre grtanc'!7
ia) rnesteca: {to) cher,,,
rnestecat: chevzing
s:,jcazd ia picior: athiete's foot (tinea pedis)

,/,/n
 i: . r;il1Ei ,i:| I :: : : .'.-1.r.rri!;; 1,;i.{iia::ili49,-g?,i"?w!
. ,_ . :J:::
ia.!,.I-ii

rnicrobi: gerrns
raLacar*: yocardium
rniopie: nearsightedness- myapia
(a sei moiipsi de o boalt: catch a ciisease
rncrgd: firor&tary
morfii (decedafii): the dead-
mortuar: mortuary
(aimogi: (to) deliver
nrostrd {probl,, specimen): sample
rnostrd de s6nge: blood sampie
mostrele nu au fost rnd.nrrite/tratate corespunzatar: the samples weren't
hanciied properiy
neugchi: rnuscles
mugchi scheietici: skeletai rnuscles
ntugchi tiscerali (formafi di:r pesut muscul.ar neted): smooth rnuscles
nagtere: blrtir
ndri: nostrils
nedemn cie increriere: unreliable
nedorit undesirable
nefriti: nephrids
nefroni: nephrons
neg: wart
nen/ olfaciiv: oiiactory nerve
ne{v optic: optic nerve
nervi cranieni: craniai nerves
nervi motori: motor nerves
nervi senziiivi: sensory nerves
nervi. spinali: spinai nerves
nesigur: r.rrrreiia ble
neteci: snrooih
neuron: neuron
nicovali: anvii
nocirr: harrriful
numire (pe post/ runcfiei: appointrneni
-nutrienti: nutrients
oase: bones
obi.ecte apropiafe : near'ov obiec*
oboseaid: iatrg:ue, w eariness
cchr aoogi il5crirnogil: watery el/€s
oiigurie (rnicaorarea voiurrruiui r:.ri:reior ) : oiig;r:ria
ol:.dreald: scald
1a; opdri: {toi scald
(a sel opera: {to} undergo surgery

1^'7
crp et aie glcaLd: suY getY
cL\JT1;:r
op eratie d e scoate r e a aw*gciaieior (tons ilect*mie ) : ionsiiiectom-!.
atar'. scheciule
orl;iie : arbitaT sockets,/ cavities
creion: Eaurftps
ot gxr cavitar'. holiow rr'.uscula-r organ
organe d,e sinti -<ense orgarrs
orificiu: opening
osul piepfuiui (stern): breastbone
(a) otrd.,zL: (to) poison
cYare: ovaries
ovui fecundat fertiiizeC egg
ovuie: egg cells
pacient arnbulatoriu (care nu necesiti internare ln spiial): out-patient
pacient internat tn spitai: in-patieni
*^1^^*^- c. *^11^-.
l/.atl.Jd.) iJal.t(rl
pdfls?rr"reflt riressing
pAntec: worrrb
plmzh: canvas
p aplle gusiaiive: taste bucis
pe cale aerian6: through the air
peivis: peivis
(a) rercepe: (to; perceive
peristalhsm intestinal: bowei movements
permis cie conducere: cirirrer's iicence
perpiex: pttzzled
personai. med icaL : he al'Jrc are prof essionais
peste noapie: overnight
picant spicy
piele: skin
piepr chest
(ai pierde d"in greutate: ito) icse weight
(a) pierCe iegdtura: (to) iose touch
piercierea c,,mo$tintei: icss of consciousness
pierCerea parpald. a simfCui /capacitirdi ae a sinrp: parttaL loss of sensation
pilule: piil=
pidrnani: iungs
ta se'1u16nge: (to'1 cow-p\ain
pieoape: eyeiicts
pneumoconioz* : pn eilmoccnicsi.s
pojar: rreasles
poiiurie (cregterea cantit5,tj.i de urin5 peste 3littr/24 are'". prsi3runa
pon-rad: purlp (doubie plxnp: pompi:, dub15)

228
pcsibii (rlisponibil financiar sau ca tinr"p): alioraabie
(a) posti (a se abfine de Ia nrAncare): (toi fast
posirrr5- (fi.nuti, pozipei : posture
preci.s: accuratelv
(a) pregiti: (to) train
prepu!: foreskin
(a) prescrie (un tratarneni etc): (to) prescibe
(a) preveni (in sens profiiactic): (to) prevent
prezbifie (prezbitism) : presbyopia, farsightedness, hypermetropia
prim ajutor: first aid
(a) primi: (to) receive
prin atingere: bv touch
probd (ri'rostr6, specimen) : sampie
probeie nu au tostmdnuite/ttatate corespunzdtor: the sampies weren't
handied properly
prcduse rezidualc: lvaste prod.ucts
prociuse gi instrumente de uz medicai: rnedical supplies
program (orar): schedule
t.a) programa (pianifica): (to) schedule
programare (planificare la medic) : (medicai) appointrnent
prostatE: prostate
protezfi auditivi: hearing aid
pratezir brace
puls: puis
(a) pune in ghips o fracturE: (to) set a fracture
pupild; pupil
pu:oi: pus
(a) purta: (toi wear
radiografie: X-ray
(ai rdmAne ?nsircinat5: (to) get pregnant
rand care se vindecii (in cr:rs cie vindecare): healing wou.nd
rdnire a genunchiuluj.: knee injur.v
rEnire: iniury
rdnifii: the wounciei
(a) recunoagte: (to) recognize
recuperare (insinitorsire, rev enirei : recoverY
(a\ reiuza: (to) ciecline
ia\ reprezenia (iustifica): (toi account for
ia) respira: ito) breathe
respirafie: breath, breaihing
iesponsabiliHfi de serviciu: duties
retet6.:prescription
retin6: retina

n1{}
 refragere: withdrawai
reziduu: wasie
reziduu lichid : iiquid w-aste
r eziduu solid : solid waste

gi
iQ ridtca (a iua): (to) pick up
rinichi: kicineys
riniti:rhinitis
'r,:*,
I
rogeafi: redness
:i
rofuIX: kneecap
rude: relatives
i,r l
sa15 de nagteri: deiivery room
)
salon de recuperare {in special dupd intervenfii chirurgicaie): recovery room
s&ruri: saiis
sAnge: biood
sSnge neoxigenat deorygenated blood
_r_.,t_f ___!
^^__^^-.:____
s.i-It8e u^rBellilr.: uxvBerlaLeu or(ruu
(a) sdngera: (to)bieed
sAngerare: bleeding
s6ni: breasts
sdrat saltv
sarcinS.: pregnancy
sdruri: salts
scirili (a urechii): stirrup
schelef skeleton
schimb (tura de) noapte: night shift
scoart5: scab
(a) scoate (prirr operafie): (to) remove (serrgicaliy)
i: scoatere (p.i., operafi.e): removai
scoP: PurPose
scrAntire (eniors6): sprain
scr&ntit spraineci
(a) scrie refete medicaie: (to) write prescriptions
scrot scrotum
sebum: sebum
. secfie de ierapie intensivi: intensive care unit (ICUI
sernne vitale {respira$e, puls, temperaturd etc,): .,rital signs
senzatie de arsur5: burning pain
sertar: cirawer
ser',riabii: heipfui
SIDA: AIDS
simful auzului: hearing
simiui gusfuiui; iaste
simtul rnirosului: sn'lell

23G
sirngut tactil: iouch
simlul vizuiui: sight
simfuri: senses
sistem endocri.n: endocrfuie system
sistem neryos: nervous svstem
sistem nervos central: central nervous system
sistem nervos periferic: perioheral nervous system
sistem reproducXtor: reprod ucti'.re system
(a) si5bi: (to) lose weight
(a) soiicita: (to) require, demanci
sord de cabinef receptionist
(a) spela prin frecare: (to) scrrb
specimen (mostr6, probE): sarnple
specirnen de sAnge: blooC sarnple
(a) speria: (to) frighten
^*^*^4-^-^:
JHEr -: - DyEr.
J.ircrLU z-V LLL. ^-^-- r.l -^11^
r Ll:r-ID
sputE: sputum
stern: breastbone
stomac: stomach
strS.nuf sneeze
strS.nutare: sneezing
(a) stripunge: (to) pierce
sireptococ in gdt (roqu in gAt): strep throat
strucfurd: framework
subit sudden
substanfX cenu.$ie (a creieruiui): grav matter
subsuoar}.: armpit
subtire: fine, thin
sucioare rece: cold sweat
sudoare: sweat
suierinzii: the sick
(a/ a se) sufoca: (to) choke
supiu: thin .

(a se) supune unei operapi chirurgicaie: {io) undergo surgerv

gira spinXrii: backbone
9o1d.: hii:
targ6: strecher
ternperaturi cie in ghet freezin g ternp eraiures
tensiune arterialE : biooci pressure
ierminatii nenroase: nerve endings
test cle sensibiiitate la alergene: skin test
tesiicu-le: iestes
tifon: gaaze
441
' tlmpan: eardnun
fimirs: thYmus
droidh: thYroid
.,, tonsiiectomie (operaFe de scoatere a arnig<ialeiori: tonsiilectorny
(a/ a se) topi: (to) meit
i.,' (a) trage conciuzii viptte: (to) jump tc conclusions
irahee: trachea
transmifdtori: mes sen gers
7:i
: (a) transmite: (to) convey
transpirafle rece: colci sweat
i,'' transpirafle: perspiration, sweat
'' transplant de rnaduv6: bone rnarrow iranspiant
(a) transporta: (to) carry
(a) trata (lua ln mAni): (to) handie
,
tratament de urgenfH: emergengv ireairnent
,, trahrnent treatment
travaliu (dureriie facerii): Labor
, ia) kemura: (to) shiver
tremurare: shivering
',t'
. trompe uterine: tubes
i:ii: iruncfu cerebral: brainstem
. tulhlrare: disorder
' trrbare: rabies
i" tuse convulsivd": whooping cougn
i fuse migdreasc5.: whooping cough
(a1 fugi: (to) cough

I lesuil Cssue
i iesut coniunctiv: connecdve tissue
i; iesui moale: soft tissue
- (a-qii f,i-re respirapa: (to) holi one's breath
;, irnutl (posturl,, pazid,;e): posture
umflai swolLen
I umflitura: swelling
J uncle mnore: sound vibraiions
- unghii: nails
i unghii ia mAini: fingernails
unguent ointrnent
j urefcre: ureters
uretrE: urethra
urgenld (seciia de urgeniei: EF.
. 11rgen!H.: emergencY
r:.rinH: urine
(a) uqura (a alina): (to) relieve

'J:
uter: uierus, womb
vagin: vagina
vaivd: valve
vapori de ap6: steam
varicel5: chicken pox
vase sanguJne: blood vessels
vdz: aght
vedere: sight
vene: veins
(a)verifica semnele vitale: (to) check vital signs
vertebre: vertebrae
vertij (amefeald) : vertigo
vezicd biiiard: gailbiadder
vezicd urinari: bladder, r:rinary biadder
(a) vindeca: (to) cure, heal
1- --1-:-- -.
vlnceca-re: j-reaflng
---:--I------

zgomotos: noisy
w.

8,358 OF ER.REGUTAR VERBS

Infinifive Fast tense Pastparticiple Meaning

to be wasf vrere been a 1-[

to bear bore , born a purta, a suporia

to becor-re became become a deveni
to begin began begrrn a incepe
to blor., I-tl o*. t 1-
^*yv^.-I T
1
^ DLllld-
^--Et^
L,'IL' cl
to break broke broken a sparge,
a intrerupe
'- hrino
io *---{, Lt.nr, -lt+
vr v ub^.t l-r-^,r -1' IL
yr vuL<ir ^ ^s-.-^
A dlt.r L:L€
to buiid buiit built a ccrnstrui
to bursi burst bursi a izbucni.,
rt:r:
a exploda
to buy bought bought a curnpira
to catch caught caught a prinde
to choose chose chosen a alege
to conae came come a veni
to ccst cost cost a costa
to cut cut cut at1tia
to do did done a face
to draw drew <iraurr,. aEage, a d.esena
to cirink drank d"runk a bea
to drive drove driven a conduce
to eat ate eaten a rn6.nca
ra fall teil falien a cddea
to feel fol+ felt a sirnfi
to fight fought fcught a lupta
to find found found a gdsi
to fly tlew flown a zlaura
to forget forgot fcrgotten a uita
to f-reeze {roze irazem a inghela
to get snl
t)-' \v(]}? a cdpdta, a develli,
a ajunge
to give 6qvr given aCa
to gc went gone a T{Lerge
tc grow gYew srr)t "'"tf\
6^" a cregte
to hang hung l'l.*g a at6.rna

'i+
 '^.*iff,.a.tffi

{o haY/e had it-ad a avea

to hear heard heari a ailZi
io hoid helci itelci a g.ne
io hurt hurt hurt a rdni
r'o keep kept kepi a tine, a pastra
to know icnevv known a $ti, a cunoagte
to iay laid iaid a pune/ a ageza-
to iead led ieci a conduce
to ieave left Ieft a pleca, a piirisi
to iend lent Ient a impmmuta
to let let iet a ldsa
to lie iuy iain e zdcea,
a sta e,rlcat
tc iose Iost lost a pierde
to make rnade made a lace
to mean meant meant a i:rsemna
to meet met rret a int6"ini
io pay paid paid a pliti
to put Put put a pune
to read. read read a citi
to ri<ie rocie ridden a cildri, a merge
cu un rrehicol
to ring rang i'ung a suna
to rise roSe risen a se rid.ica, a rds5.ri
to run ran run a aierga
to say saici said a zice
to see SAIAT seen a vedea
to sell soid soid a vinde
to senri sent sent a irimite
to set sei set a aSeza
to shake shook shaken a scuf,-rra
to shi:re shone shone a str5luci
tc show showed shortm a ardta
to shrri shui shut a inchicie
to sing sang sung a cinta
tc sit sai sat a gedea
tc sieep siept siepi a adormi
tc speak spOke spoken a vor'bi
tc spend spent speni a cheiiui, apetrece
to stand stooci stooci- a sta (ia picioarei
to steai stole stoien a fixa
tcl swear swore sworn a (in)jura
ti; swel] sweiled swolienT'swelied a se un:.fia
to swr:m 5--i/affi swurrt a lnota
io take took taken a trrra
to teach taught taught a invip (a preda)
to tear tore torn a rlrpe
to teil tolcl told a sPune
to think thought thought a g6mdi, a creCe
to understand rrnderstood understosd a lnlelege
to wake woke woken a (se) trezt
to wear wore woill aptlrta, ali
imbr5catcu
to write wrote written a scrie
to wifhdraw withdrew withd,rawn a retrage

)?A
 NEJ&/5BERS

THE CARDINAL NUMERAI.

i
one 27 twenty-one
? two 22 twenty-two
_1 three 30 thlrt,
4
-
four 40 forty
five 50 fifry
b six 6A sinly
a severt 70 seven$
a
.}
eight B0 eighqy
nine 80 ninety
10
4''
ten 100 onehundred
11 eieven 103 one huncirei and three
12 tweive 175 one hundred ani seventy-five
thirteen 20A two hundred
74 fourteen 300 tlrree huncired
i5 fifteerr 1,000 one thousancl
tb sixteen i.,018 one thcusand anci eighteen
L/ seventeen 7,560 one thousand five hundred and" sixfy
1B eighteen 2,000 two thousanC
1C nineteen 1,000,000 one million
2* twenty 1,000,000,000 one thousand million
^noIL
UT ilIi^*
1.
UIUIUI C

A nurnber of hundreds or thousands is nerrer spoken into the plural:

Eight hundred students attend the medical school,
but
There are hundreds of siurients in fi'ont oi the meaical schooi.

T}IE .CRDINAL hIUi,{E RA L

Lst dre firsi ilth ,rre eieven.iir

2nd the second 7?* tire fiareif*,h
tire thiid i3,h the i*rirteentlt
4e the fourth Z0th the twentieth
trrh the fif& 21st the i-wen{z-first
6rh tire sixth 77nd ttie twenty-second
&e seventh 23,d the twenry-thfud
8ih the eighth 24th the fivent,v-iourth

---
,)i
 9th the nintir 100th t}'e hundreditt
10th ihe tenth 1"01st the hunclred and first

DECIMALS
:

r, Decimals are indicated by a point (not by a cornrra) *d number after decineals

are sPoken seParateiY:
::i:

FRACTiONS

L ahaTf; L aquarter; irA asixth; L aninth;

oQ
L
or

L athird; L afi{th; 1 a ieventh; 1, tenth;

35 7 1-0

r, 2 two fifths; ?_ three quar,ters; I five sevenths;

;nn
5+/

238
 BIBLIOGRAPIIY

Fremgen, Borrnie Mdica{fennno{og

Frucht, Suzanne Prentice Hall, New Jercerry,2OA2

Gotlieb, Joan fhe ?hman tsrq|

Steck-Vauglu:r, Aus br:.,'LX., 7996

Hof{:nan, Hans Ery{ua tslrratfd

Fiofnman, Marion Editura Niculescu, Bucuresti,2008

Leyilchi, Leon, fr;$funarryfb-Wn

Bantag, A. Teora, Bucuregti,lg9Z

239