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1
Compoziția gazelor naturale – Buletin de analiză Cromatografică
Criteriu C1 C2 C3 n−C 4 N2 CO 2 H2 S
y 0.65 0.08 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04
m 16.042 30.086 44.094 58.120 28.016 44.011 34.08
Tc , K 190.666 305.86 370.0 425.17 126.16 304.2 373.56
Pc , bar 45.7 49.0 42.0 34.5 33.49 73.0 89.0
Date inițiale:
N = 12
H s 1=2250+n ∙10 0
H s 1=2250+12∙ 10 0=3450 m
H ancoraj =350 m
5
D ancoraj =9 ∈¿ 0.244 m
8
H exploatare =3450 m
1
Dexploatare =5 ∈¿ 0.1397 m
2
7
D tevi=2 ∈¿ 0.073025 m
8
Dduza =0.006 m
Qq 1=31000+ n ∙1400
3
Qq 1=31000+ 12∙ 1400=47800 m N / zi
3
Qq 2=Q q 1 ∙ 1.4=66920 m N / zi
3
Qq 3=Qq 1 ∙ 0.8=38240 m N / zi
P g=21 ¿¯
PCE =22 ¯¿
PCE 11=Pte =74 ¯¿
PCE 21=P te +20=94 ¯¿
PCE 31=P te +25=99 ¯¿
2
t z =9.6+0.03 ∙ H s 1
t z =9.6+0.03 ∙ 3450=113.1° C
t z 1=t z=113.1° C
t z 2=t z +20=133.1 ° C
t z 3=t z +25=138.1 ° C
Lte=H s 1−n ∙ 10
Lte=3450−12 ∙10=3330 m
Lcc =10+ n∙ 0.5=16 km
l ca 1=900+n ∙10
l ca 1=900+12∙ 10=1020 m
l ca 2=l ca 1+300=1320 m
l ca 3=l ca1+ 400=1420 m
Constante:
3
Nm
V M =22.414
k mol
T 0=273.17 K
P0=1.01325 ¯¿
T s=288.7 K
3
ρaer =1.293 kg /m N
R=8314.35 J /kmol ∙ K
3
Capitolul 1
Calculul proprietatilor fizice ale amestecului gazos
M =( 0.65 ∙ 16.042 ) + ( 0.08 ∙30.086 ) + ( 0.1 ∙ 44.094 ) + ( 0.04 ∙58.12 ) + ( 0.04 ∙ 28.016 )+ ( 0.05∙ 44.011) + ( 0.04 ∙ 3
M =24.252 kg /kmol
M 24.252 3
ρ g 0= = =1.082 kg /m N
V M 22.414
ρ g 0 1.082
δ rg = = =0.836
ρ aer 1.293
T pc=237.060 k
7
P pc =∑ ( y i ∙ Pc ) i
i=0
P pc =( 0.65 ∙ 45.7 ) + ( 0.08 ∙ 49 )+ ( 0.1∙ 42 ) + ( 0.04 ∙34.5 )+ ( 0.04 ∙33.49 )+ ( 0.05 ∙73 )+(0.04 ∙ 89)
P pc =47.75 ¯¿
t pc=T pc −T 0=237.060−273.15=−35.542 °C
4
Parametrii pseudoredusi corectati.
Pz 119
P prc = = =2.491
P pc 47.75
A= y CO + y H S=0.05+0.04=0.09
2 2
B= y H S=0.04 2
P pc ∙ T pcc
P pcc =
T pc +B ∙(1−B)∙ c
1− y N − y CO − y H
2 2 s S
P pc =( 1− y N − y CO − y H
2 2 s S ) ∙ P pce + 493∙ y N +1.071 ∙ y CO + 1.06 ∙ y H S
2 2 s
2
T pce =168+325 ∙ δ c −12.5 ∙ δ c
2
T pce =168+325 ∙0.775−12.5 ∙ 0.775 =412.67 2
5
T pc=( 1− y N − y CO − y H
2 2 s S ) ∙T pce +227.5 ∙ y N + 547.6 ∙ y CO −672.4 ∙ y H S
2 2 s
T pc −491.67 368.609−491.67
T pcc = = =−68.367 ° C
1.8 1.8
T pcc =−68.367+273.15=204.78 K
P Pc 599.286
P ppcc = = =40.778 ¯¿
14.696 14.696
t z+ 273.15 113.1+273.15
T prc = = =1.886
T pc 204.78
Pz 119
P prc = = =2.918
P pc 40.778
Metoda A. Z. Istomin
P 119
P pr = = =2.491
P pc 47.754
T 113.1+ 273 ,15
T pr= = =1.6225
T pc 237.60
Z=1+
(
9∙ P prc ∙ 1−
6
T prc )
128 ∙ T prc
Z=1+
(
9∙ 2.918 ∙ 1−
6
1.886 )
128 ∙1.886
Z=0.762
A1=0.31506237
A2=−1.0467099
A3 =−0.57832729
A 4=0.53530771
A5 =−0.61232032
A6 =−0.1488813
A7 =0.68157001
A8 =0.68116519
( ) ( ) ( )
2
A2 A3 A5 A6 ρr
∙ ρr + A7 ∙ ( 1+ A8 ∙ ρr ) ∙ 3 ∙exp (− A 8 ∙ ρr )
2 5 2 2
Z1 =1+ A 1+ + 3 ∙ ρr + A 4 + ∙ ρr + A 5 ∙
T pr T pr T rp T pr T pr
(
Z1 =1+ 0.31506237 +
−1.0467099 −0.57832729
1.6225
+
1.6225
2 )
∙ 0.4138+ 0.53530771+ (
−0.61232032
1.6225
2
∙ 0.4138 + )
Z1 =0.828
P pr 2.491
ρr =0.27 ∙ =0.27 ∙ =0.4997
Z ∙ T pr 0.828 ∙1.6225
(
Z 2=1+ 0.31506237 +
−1.0467099 −0.57832729
1.6225
+
1.6225
2 )
∙ 0.4997+ 0.53530771+ (
−0.61232032
1.6225
2
∙0.4997 + )
Z1 =0.8067
Z 1+ Z 2 0.828+0.8067
Z= = =0.8171
2 2
t z =113.1℃
μ1=μ1 H + ∆ μ N +∆ μCO + ∆ μ H
2 2 2 S
7
∆ μCO = y CO ∙ (9.08 ∙10−3 ∙ log δ rg +6.24 ∙ 10−3 )
2 2
∆ μCO =0.05 ∙ ( 9.08 ∙ 10−3 ∙ log 0.8368 +6.24 ∙ 10−3 )=3.076∙ 10−4
2
−6 −6 −6
μ1=0.012283+ 3.573∙ 10 + 3.076 ∙10 + 1.229∙ 10 =0.01307 cP
[ ( )]
ln T pr ∙
μ
μ1
=a0 +a1 ∙ p pr + a2 ∙ p pr +a 3 ∙ p pr +T pr ∙ ( a4 +a 5 ∙ p pr +a 6 ∙ p pr +a7 ∙ p pr ) +T pr ∙ ( a8 +a 9 ∙ p pr +a10 ∙ p pr + a11 ∙ p p
2 3 2 3 2 2 3
B=a0 +a1 ∙ p pr + a2 ∙ p2pr + a3 ∙ p3pr +T pr ∙ ( a4 + a5 ∙ p pr +a 6 ∙ p 2pr +a7 ∙ p 3pr ) +T 2pr ∙ ( a8 +a 9 ∙ p pr +a10 ∙ p2pr + a11 ∙ p3pr ) +T 3pr ∙(a12
B
e ∙ μ1
x=
T pr
0.7576403
e ∙ 0.01307
x= =0.017185 cP
1.6225
8
Fig.1 Fluxul tehnologic al gazelor Sonde-Instalatii de suprafata-Statie uscare gaze-Conducta magistrala de
transport.
Capitolul 2
9
Dimensionarea țevilor de extracție
Sonda 1
Calculul hidraulic al tevilor de extractie.
Calculul diametrului țevilor de extracție.
d=0.078 ∙
√ Qg1∙ T z1
Pz
d=0.078 ∙
√ 47800 ∙ ( 131.1+273.15 )
119
=0.03072 m
4 ∙ Q g1 ∙ Z ∙ (t z 1+ T 0 )∙ P0
v gsiu=
10−6 ∙ π ∙ 86400 ∙ d 2i ∙ T 0 ∙ P siu1
4 ∙ 47800 ∙0.8171 ∙(113.1+273.15)∙1.01325
v gsiu= =2.58 m/s
10−6 ∙ π ∙86400 ∙ 51.82 ∙ 273.15 ∙ 119
Criteriu C1 C2 C3 n−C 4 N2 CO 2 H2 S
y 0.65 0.08 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04
m 16.042 30.086 44.094 58.120 28.016 44.011 34.08
Tc , K 190.666 305.86 370.0 425.17 126.16 304.2 373.56
cP 2.117 1.67 1.55 1.633 1.043 1.221 1.105
∑ ( y i ∙ cpi ∙ √mi ∙T c ) i
1
c p= i=0 7 ∙ =0.448
4.181
∑ ( y i ∙ √ mi ∙T c )
i
i=0
k= 7.84
10
Coeficientul complex de schimb de caldura:
−3
24 ∙ π ∙ d i ∙ 10 ∙ k 24 ∙ π ∙51.8 ∙ 10−3 ∙7.84
m 1= = =0.001318
Qg ∙ ρg0∙ c p 47800 ∙ 1.082∙ 0.448
m )(
( 0.03 ) ) ∙(1− e )=32.10 ℃
=9.6+ (
1 0.03 1
t g=9.6+ ∙ 1−
1 e 0.001318
m1 ∙ H s 1 0.001318 ∙3450
PCE 74
P pr= = =1.549
P pc 47.754
T CE 31.20+ 273.15
T pr= = =1.284
T pc 237.60
b gCE =Z ∙
( T0 )
t g+ T 0 1.01325
∙
P CE
=0.741∙ (
32.10+273.15 1.01325
273.15
∙
74 )
=0.0113
3
Q gCE=b CE ∙ Qg 1=0.0113 ∙ 47800=542.33 N m / zi
Se calculeaza raportul:
d e 60.3
= =14.22
t 4.24
de 60.3
−1 −1
t 4.24
Pt =0.75 ∙ σ t ∙ =0.75∙ 5980 ∙ =327.5 ¯¿
( ) ( )
2 2
de 60.3
t 4.24
6 6
4.038∙ 10 4.038 ∙ 10
Ptmin =0.75 ∙ = =1219 ¯¿
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
de de 60.3 60.3
∙ −1 ∙ −1
t t 4.24 4.24
t 4.24
Pi=0.875 ∙ ∙ 2 ∙ σ c =0.875 ∙ ∙ 2 ∙5270=648 ¯¿
de 60.3
[
F i=0.785 ∙ σ a ∙10 ( d e ∙ 10
5 −3 2
) −( di ∙10−3 ) ]
2
( π4 ) ∙( g ∙ q )∙ [( d ∙ 10
σa −3 2
) −( di ∙10−3 ) ] ∙10 5
2
Lmax = e
Lmax =( )(
π
∙
4216
4 9.81∙ 5.98 )
∙ [ ( 60.3 ∙ 10−3 ) −( 51.8 ∙ 10−3 ) ] ∙ 105=5379 m
2 2
Sonda 2
Calculul hidraulic al tevilor de extractie.
12
Calculul diametrului țevilor de extracție.
d=0.078 ∙
√ Qg1∙ T z1
Pz
d=0.078 ∙
√ 66920∙ ( 133.1+273.15 )
119
=0.03728 m
4 ∙ Qg 2 ∙ Z ∙ (t z 2 +T 0 )∙ P0
v gsiu=
10−6 ∙ π ∙ 86400 ∙ d 2i ∙ T 0 ∙ P siu2
Criteriu C1 C2 C3 n−C 4 N2 CO 2 H2 S
y 0.65 0.08 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04
m 16.042 30.086 44.094 58.120 28.016 44.011 34.08
Tc , K 190.666 305.86 370.0 425.17 126.16 304.2 373.56
cP 2.117 1.67 1.55 1.633 1.043 1.221 1.105
∑ ( y i ∙ cpi ∙ √mi ∙T c ) i
1
c p= i=0 7 ∙ =0.448
4.181
∑ ( y i ∙ √ mi ∙T c )
i
i=0
k= 7.84
−3 −3
24 ∙ π ∙d i ∙10 24 ∙ π ∙51.8 ∙ 10 3
ρ= = =104.6 kg/m
Q g 2 ∙ ρg 0 ∙ c p 66920 ∙ 1.082∙ 0.448
13
−3
24 ∙ π ∙ d i ∙ 10 ∙ k 24 ∙ π ∙51.8 ∙ 10−3 ∙7.84
m 2= = =0.000942
Qg 2 ∙ ρ g 0 ∙ c p 66920 ∙ 1.082∙ 0.448
t g=9.6+
( )(
0.03
m2
1
∙ 1− m ∙ H =9.6+
e 2
0.03
0.000942
s1 ) (1
)(
∙ 1− 0.000942 ∙3450 =40.21 ℃
e )
Calculul factorului de neidealitate: Metoda A. Z. Istomin
PCE 94
P pr= = =1.96
P pc 47.754
T CE 40.21+273.15
T pr= = =1.31
T pc 237.60
b gCE =Z ∙
( T0 )
t g+ T 0 1.01325
∙
P CE
=0.715∙
273.15 (
40.21+273.15 1.01325
∙
94 )
=0.0088
3
Q gCE=b CE ∙ Qg 1=0.0088 ∙ 66920=591.82 N m / zi
QgCE 591.82
v gCE = = =3.25 m/s
π −3 2 π −3 2
86400 ∙ ∙ ( d i ∙ 10 ) 86400 ∙ ∙ ( 51.8 ∙10 )
4 4
Se calculeaza raportul:
d e 60.3
= =14.22
t 4.24
de 60.3
−1 −1
t 4.24
Pt =0.75 ∙ σ t ∙ =0.75∙ 5980 ∙ =327.5 ¯¿
( ) ( )
2 2
de 60.3
t 4.24
6 6
4.038∙ 10 4.038 ∙ 10
Ptmin =0.75 ∙ = =1219 ¯¿
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
de de 60.3 60.3
∙ −1 ∙ −1
t t 4.24 4.24
t 4.24
Pi=0.875 ∙ ∙ 2 ∙ σ c =0.875 ∙ ∙ 2 ∙5270=648 ¯¿
de 60.3
[
F i=0.785 ∙ σ a ∙10 ( d e ∙ 10
5
) −( di ∙10−3 ) ]
−3 2 2
( )( )[
σa
Lmax =
π
∙
4 g∙q
−3 2 −3 2
∙ ( d e ∙ 10 ) −( di ∙10 ) ∙10
5
]
Sonda 3
15
Calculul hidraulic al tevilor de extractie.
d=0.078 ∙
√ Qg3∙ T z3
Pz
d=0.078 ∙
√ 38240 ∙ ( 138.1+273.15 )
119
=0.02835 m
Otel tip C- 75
d i=40.9 mm
d e =48.3 mm
t=3.18 mm
q=4.2kg /m
4 ∙ Qg 3 ∙ Z ∙(t z 3 +T 0)∙ P0
v gsiu=
10−6 ∙ π ∙ 86400 ∙ d 2i ∙ T 0 ∙ P siu3
Criteriu C1 C2 C3 n−C 4 N2 CO 2 H2 S
y 0.65 0.08 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04
m 16.042 30.086 44.094 58.120 28.016 44.011 34.08
Tc , K 190.666 305.86 370.0 425.17 126.16 304.2 373.56
cP 2.117 1.67 1.55 1.633 1.043 1.221 1.105
∑ ( y i ∙ cpi ∙ √mi ∙T c ) i
1
c p= i=0 7 ∙ =0.448
4.181
∑ ( y i ∙ √ mi ∙T c )
i
i=0
k= 7.84
16
Coeficientul complex de schimb de caldura:
−3
24 ∙ π ∙ d i ∙ 10 ∙ k 24 ∙ π ∙ 40.9 ∙10−3 ∙ 7.84
m 3= = =0.00130
Qg 3 ∙ ρ g 0 ∙c p 38240∙ 1.082 ∙0.448
t g=9.6+
( )(
0.03
m3
1
∙ 1− m ∙ H =9.6+
e 3 )
0.03
0.00130
s1 ( 1
)(
∙ 1− 0.00130∙ 3450 =32.39 ℃
e )
Calculul factorului de neidealitate: Metoda A. Z. Istomin
PCE 99
P pr= = =2.07
P pc 47.754
T CE 31.87 +273.15
T pr= = =1.284
T pc 237.60
b gCE =Z ∙
( T0 )
t g+ T 0 1.01325
∙
P CE
=0.741∙
273.15 (
31.87+273.15 1.01325
∙
99 )
=0.0078
3
Q gCE=b CE ∙ Qg 1=0.0078 ∙ 38240=299 N m / zi
QgCE 299
v gCE = = =2.63 m/s
π −3 2 π −3 2
86400 ∙ ∙ ( d i ∙ 10 ) 86400 ∙ ∙ ( 40.9 ∙ 10 )
4 4
17
Tip otel ales pentru tevile de extractie: C - 75.
2
σ c =5270 daN /cm
2
σ r=6680 daN /cm
2
σ t=5980 daN /cm
2
σ a=0.8 ∙ σ c =0.8 ∙ 5270=4216 daN /cm
Se calculeaza raportul:
d e 48.3
= =13.12
t 3.68
de 48.3
−1 −1
t 3.68
Pt =0.75 ∙ σ t ∙ =0.75∙ 5980 ∙ =352 ¯¿
( ) ( )
2 2
de 48.2
t 3.68
t 3.68
Pi=0.875 ∙ ∙ 2 ∙ σ c =0.875 ∙ ∙ 2∙ 5270=702 ¯¿
de 48.2
[ −3 2
F i=0.785 ∙ σ a ∙10 ( d e ∙ 10
5
) −( di ∙10−3 ) ]
2
( )( )[
σa
Lmax =
π
∙
4 g∙q
−3 2 −3 2
∙ ( d e ∙ 10 ) −( di ∙10 ) ∙10
5
]
18
( )(
Lmax =
π
∙
4216
4 9.81∙ 4.2 )
∙ [ ( 48.3 ∙10−3 ) −( 40.9∙ 10−3 ) ] ∙ 105=5304 m
2 2
Capitolul 3
Dimensionarea duzelor fixe ale capetelor de eruptie
Sonda 1
Q g 1 ∙ √ δ rg ∙ T z 1
c calc 1 =
13.152 ∙ P ce 11
Q g 2 ∙ √ δ rg ∙ T z 2
c calc 1 =
13.152 ∙ P ce21
19
d 0 STAS 2=7 mm
Sonda 3
Q g 3 ∙ √ δ rg ∙ T z 3
c calc 3 =
13.152 ∙ P ce 31
Capitolul 4
Laminarea gazelor in duza fixa a capului de eruptie
T g 1=t g 1 +T 0
T g 1=32.1+273.15=305.25 K
T g 2=t g 2 +T 0
20
T g 2=40.21+273.15=313.36 K
T g 3=t g 3 +T 0
T g 3=32.4 +273.15=305.55 K
Sonda 1
t ce 11=t g 1=32.1 ° C
t ce 12=t ce 11−μ 1 ∙(Pce 11 −Pce 12)
t ce 12=32.1−0.3 ∙ (74−22 )=16.5 ° C
∆ t 1=t ce 11−t ce 12
∆ t 1=32.1−16.5=15.6 ° C
Sonda 2
t ce 21=t g 2=40.21 ° C
Pce 22=Pce 12=22 ¯¿
t ce 22=t ce 21−μ2 ∙(Pce 21−P ce 22)
t ce 22=40.21−0.27∙ ( 94−22 ) =22° C
∆ t 2=t ce 21−t ce22
∆ t 2=40.21−22=19.44 ° C
Sonda 3
t ce 31=t g3 =32.4 ° C
Pce 32=Pce 12=22 ¯¿
t ce 32=t ce 31−μ3 ∙(Pce 31−P ce32 )
t ce 32=32.4−0.25∙ ( 99−22 )=13.15 ° C
∆ t 3=t ce 11−t ce 32
∆ t 3=32.4−13.15=19.25 °C
Sonda 1
21
Corelatia Hammerschmidt 1 (aval) :
22
Fig. 1 Diagrama de alegere a caracteristicilor functionale ale incalzitorului .
Sonda 1
∆ t=50 ° C
t 12 grafic=t ce 12+ ∆ t
t 12 grafic=16.5+50=66.5 °C
T 12 grafic=t 12 grafic +T 0
T 12 grafic=66.5+ 273.15=339.65 K
23
Sonda 2
∆ t=50 ° C
t 22 grafic=t ce 22+ ∆ t
t 22 grafic=20.77+ 50=70.77 ° C
T 22 grafic=t 22 grafic +T 0
T 22 grafic=70.77+ 273.15=343.92 K
Sonda 3
∆ t=50 ° C
t 32 grafic=t ce 32+ ∆ t
t 32 grafic=13.5+50=63.5 °C
T 32 grafic=t 32 grafic +T 0
T 32 grafic=63.5+ 273.15=320 K
Sonda 1
t s=5 ° C
2
k g=1.8 k cal /h ∙m ∙ K
ρ g 0=1.082
c p=0.44892
−3
24 ∙ π ∙ d i 1 stas ∙10 ∙ k g
m1 ca=
Q g 1r ∙ ρg 0 ∙ c p
−3
24 ∙ π ∙51.8 ∙ 10 ∙1.8
m 1 ca= =0.000281
51444 ∙ 1.082∙ 0.44982
24
t ce12 cal−t s
t f 1 cal=t s + m1 ca ∙ l cal
e
49.85−5
t f 1 cal=5+ 0.000281 ∙ 4.32 =49.79 ° C
e
Sonda 2
t s=5 ° C
2
k g=1.8 k cal /h ∙m ∙ K
ρ g 0=1.082
c p=0.44892
−3
24 ∙ π ∙ d i 2 stas ∙10 ∙ k g
m1 ca=
Q g 2r ∙ ρ g 0 ∙ c p
−3
24 ∙ π ∙51.8 ∙ 10 ∙1.8
m1 ca= =0.000206
70149 ∙1.082 ∙ 0.44982
t ce12 cal−t s
t f 1 cal=t s + m2 ca ∙ l cal
e
44.85−5
t f 1 cal=5+ 0.000206 ∙ 4.32 =44.81 ° C
e
Sonda 2
t s=5 ° C
2
k g=1.8 k cal /h ∙m ∙ K
ρ g 0=1.082
c p=0.44892
−3
24 ∙ π ∙ d i 3 stas ∙10 ∙ k g
m1 ca=
Q g 3r ∙ ρ g 0 ∙ c p
−3
24 ∙ π ∙ 40.9 ∙10 ∙ 1.8
m1 ca= =0.000266
42843 ∙ 1.082∙ 0.44982
t ce12 cal−t s
t f 1 cal=t s + m3 ca ∙ l cal
e
49.85−5
t f 1 cal=5+ 0.000266 ∙ 4.32 =46.8 ° C
e
Capitolul 5
Calculul conductei colectoare
25
Lungimea conductei : Lcc =12 km
Debitul total de gaze: QT =Qg 3 r +Q g 2 r +Q g1 r
3
QT =51444+70149+ 42843=164437 m /zi
Temperatura solului: Ƭ =5 ° C
Presiunea la separator: Psp=16 ¯¿
Temperatura la separator: T sp=308 K
Temperatura gazelor in grup :
t f 1 +t f 2 +t f 3
t g= =39.81 ° C
3
T g=t g+ T 0 =312.96 K
p sp+ p g
pm = =18.5
2
T sp +T g
T m= =310.48
2
T m 310.48
T mpr = = =1.30
T pc 2 237.6
P m 18.58
Pmpr = = =0.387
P pc 2 47.75
Z m=1+
(
9∙ Pmpr ∙ 1−
6
T mpr )
128∙ T mpr
Z=1+
(
9∙ 0.387 ∙ 1−
6
1.30 )
128 ∙ 1.30
Z=0.947
ρ g 0 ∙ pm ∙T 0
ρam =
Zm ∙ p0∙ T m
26
QT 164437 3
Q Th = = =6851.5 m /ora
24 24
[ ]
3
ρam ∙ Z m ∙ Lcc ∙ p 20 ∙ QTh 16
d cc 0= ∙ 10=196.6 mm
( P2g −p 2sp )
Se alege conducta conform SR EN ISO 10208/1999:
d ccSTASi =242.83 mm
d ccSTASe =273 mm
d ccSTASe−d ccSTASi
t= =15 mm
2
Solicitarea la turtire:
5
σ c =6330 ∙10
d ccSTASe 273
x= = =18.1
t 15
Presiunea la turtire:
x−1
−5
pc =2 ∙ 0.75∙ 10 ∙ σ c ∙ 2
=495.6 ¯¿
x
6
0.75 ∙ 4.4038∙ 10
pc 1 = 2
=624.32 ¯¿
x ∙(x−1)
(
pi 1= 0.875 ∙
2 ∙σ cm
x ) −5
∙10 =489.6 ¯
¿
Capitolul 6
Dimensionarea si alegerea separatorului
kg
ρl =1050 3
m
27
t z =T sp−T 0=34.85 ° C
p z= p sp=16 ¯¿
pz
p prcsp = =0.392
p pcc
t z +T 0
T prcsp= =1.67
T pcc
Metoda Standing.
μ1 nec =( 1.709 ∙ 10−5−2.062∙ 10−6 ∙ δ rg ) ∙ ( 1.8 ∙ t z +32 ) +8.188 ∙ 10−3 −6.15∙ 10−3 ∙ log δ rg
μ1 nec =( 1.709 ∙ 10−5−2.062 ∙ 10−6 ∙0.8368 ) ∙ ( 1.8 ∙34.85+ 32 )+ 8.188 ∙10−3−6.15 ∙10−3 ∙ log 0.8368=0.010119
−6 −6 −6
μ1=0.010119+3.573 ∙10 +3.076 ∙10 +1.229 ∙10 =0.010907 cP
Metoda Dempsey:
−1
a 0=−2.46211820 a 1=2.97054714
a 2=2.86264054 ∙ 10
−3
a 3=8.05420522 ∙10 a4=2.80860949 a 5=−3.49803305
−1 −2
a 6=3.60373020 ∙10 a 7=−1.044324 ∙ 10 a 8=−7.93385684
a 9=1.39643306 a 10=1.491044925 a 11=4.41015512
a 12=8.39387178 a 13=−1.86408848 a 14=2.03367881
−4
a 15=−6.09579263 ∙10
[ ( )]
ln T pr ∙
μ
μ1
=a0 +a1 ∙ p pr + a2 ∙ p pr +a 3 ∙ p pr +T pr ∙ ( a4 +a 5 ∙ p pr +a 6 ∙ p pr +a7 ∙ p pr ) +T pr ∙ ( a8 +a 9 ∙ p pr +a10 ∙ p pr + a11 ∙ p p
2 3 2 3 2 2 3
B=a0 +a1 ∙ p pr + a2 ∙ p2pr + a3 ∙ p3pr +T pr ∙ ( a4 + a5 ∙ p pr +a 6 ∙ p 2pr +a7 ∙ p 3pr ) +T 2pr ∙ ( a8 +a 9 ∙ p pr +a10 ∙ p2pr + a11 ∙ p3pr ) +T 3pr ∙(a12
28
B
e ∙ μ1
x=
T pr
0.469
e ∙0.010907
x=μ sp = =0.010419 cP
1.674
Metoda Berthelot
Z sp=1+
(
9∙ P prcsp ∙ 1−
6
T prcsp )
128∙ T prcsp
Z=1+
9∙ 0.392 ∙ 1−
6
1.674 ( )
128 ∙1.674
Z=0.981
ρ g 0 ∙ p sp ∙ T 0
ρamsp = =15.44
Z sp ∙ p0 ∙T sp
d p=1.224 ∙¿ ¿
29
Capitolul 7
Masurarea gazelor naturale
d 0 =8.2 cm
d ccSTASi =242.3 mm
10 ∙ d 0
β= =0.337
d ccSTASi
E=0.6088
t gC =T sp−T 0=34.85
P gC =p sp=16 ¯¿
h=1600 mmcol H 2 O
P1 C =P gC ∙ 1.20=20 ¯¿
Cazul 1
PstD =25 ¯¿
h d=2500 mmcol H 2 O
√
QT
d ¿= =10.94 cm
24.17 ∙ 9 ∙ E
√ h ∙ ( PgC +1 )
Z sp ∙ δ rg ∙ ( t gC +273.15 )
Cazul 2
d 0 =6.75 cm
d ccSTASi =242.3 mm
10 ∙ d 0
β= =0.277
d ccSTASi
E=0.6053
30
PstD =25 ¯¿
h d=2500 mmcol H 2 O
√
QT
d ¿= =8.82 cm
24.17 ∙ 9 ∙ E
√ h ∙ ( PgC +1 )
Z sp ∙ δ rg ∙ ( t gC +273.15 )
Capitolul 8
Proiectarea statiei de uscare a gazelor naturale pe principiul adsorbtiei
Date de intrare:
3
QT =164437 N m /zi
pa=12 ¯¿
pr =12.4 ¯¿
t a=6 ° C
t r=−15 ° C
3
Qreg =0.08 ∙ QT =13155 N m / zi
preg =12.8 ¯¿
pads =10.8 ¯¿
prac =10.8 ¯¿
t cpt =200° C
t aads=190 ° C
t rads=110 ° C
i c 1=400 l apa/ciclu
i c 2=10 lapa /ciclu
h a=3.4 m
Da =2.8
Gads =800 kg silicagel /adsorber
h¿ =0.7 m
hinf =0.8 m
t sp=25 ° C
31
M g =16.046 kg /kmol
Mg
ρ g 0= =0.716 kg/kmol
22.414
pc = p a=12 ¯¿
p0=1.01325 ¯¿
t R =t a=6 °C
T 0=273.15 K
T R =t R +273.15=279.15 K
X =exp ¿
X 3
U aN =e =0.6938 g apa/m N
−3.
U aN ∙10
U akg = =0.00096 kg apa/kg gaz
ρg 0
X =exp ¿
X 3
U aN =e =0.161 g apa /m N
−3.
U aN ∙10
U akg = =0.000225 kg apa /kg gaz
ρg 0
QT 3
V T= =6851 N m /ora
24
32
kg
ρads =2100 3
m
2. Conditii de operare.
pa=12 ¯¿
t a=6 ° C
v ax=0.18 m/s
v a=v ax ∙3600=648 m/h
T ads =12h
T reg =12 h
X 0=0.17
H ZN =0.5 m
3. Calculul de dimensionare:
Gads
G zu= =4705 kg silicagel /ciclu
X0
Sectiunea adsorberului
V T ∙(t a +T 0)∙ p0
V ads = 5
=591.23 m3 /h
T 0 ∙ p a ∙ 10
V ads 2
Sads = =0.91 m
Va
Diametrul aadsorberului:
G zu
H zu= =2.45 m
S ads ∙ ρads
Inaltimea stratului de adsorbant:
T reg
N ads = + 1=2 adsorbere
T ads
QT 3
V T= =6851 N m /ora
24
kg
ρads =0.716 3
m
2. Conditii de operare.
pa=3.5 ¯¿
t a=25 ° C
v ax=0.6 m/ s
v a=v ax ∙3600=2160 m/h
M g =16.046 kg /kmol
Mg
ρ g 0= =0.716 kg/kmol
22.414
pc = p a=3.5 ¯¿
p0=1.01325 ¯¿
t R =t a=25 ° C
34
T 0=273.15 K
T R =t R +273.15=2 98.15 K
X =exp ¿
X 3
U aN =e =6.55 g apa/m N
−3.
U aN ∙10
U akg = =0.00 916 kg apa/kg gaz
ρg 0
3. Calculul de dimensionare:
Gads
G zu= =3333.3 kg sita molec /ciclu
X0
Sectiunea adsorberului:
V T ∙(t a +T 0) ∙ p0 3
V ads = 5
=2165 m /h
T 0 ∙ p a ∙ 10
V ads 2
Sads = =1.002m
Va
Diametrul adsorberului:
35
Inaltimea zonei utilizate:
D ads =
√ 4 ∙ S ads
π
=1.13 m
G zu
H zu= =5.11m
S ads ∙ ρads
Inaltimea zonei neutilizate:
H zu
H z n= =2.56 m
2
T reg
N ads = + 1=2 adsorbere
T ads
36
Fig. 2 Umiditatea gazelor in functie de presiunea si temperatura:
Corectia continutului de apa cu salinitate apei.
37
Fig. 3 Cantitatea de vapori de apa retinuta de un gaz sarac la diferite conditii de presiune si
temperatura.
38
Fig. 4 Cantitatea de vapori de apa retinuta de gazele naturale bogate in diferite conditii de presiune si
temperatura.
39