ACADIlIIA R!PIIB!

ICI] POPIJLATE ltOiI,{NE

STINTELOHSOIH,H
PROBtHffiM
IN DESBATEREA
ACADEI{IEI R. P. R.
(21 25 MARTI E 1051)
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PROBLEMELE
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ri
natcrirrlmd idoric au ptuvo.a!
o schlrD-
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c niidrt nr mrcqrtia dspE rune
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srvaindzn
dclvol.
iucr ci. dcvcnnrd cirana Ditcnrii
ti
r ,udei
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r.rnsfoMe! r$
rr lupr,
jnldtriva
taoriilor
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coD.eplijror buisllczc cir. rn4sn
!,i Li mi,rinalizeze, si lc despcald de mnliNtur lol r.vor4io!d, ln d;
ors de o snta si mrl nrnc dc ani, natcrirli5nd dirlcctic
ti
Ert.hlh.
s'ru in$ogllit Notiunile si netodele de @6
i r s,au innn4ft, 8,au 3da,,cit.
'h nrnfur rra$i R*olutii
diirc.ric sj natdirrisfturui isbric, D iD
I
hr srli
ti
. griibii ninul trrr8lom ilor ce urnN sn vinn l5in
rrtrn'r
l.ii r,cDin
ti
srrlin. r!r!r dc inriurjrc a n'teNlhnu]lt dirrecllc
ncontait. Legil"A dc d4vorbro
, r.i.ribi sau prcdzrt si cniortio&1 xc.sdi indrnnnrii .ccslor lc5i
lr,l.svdlalc a lo$ dh cc in.c naj tirc nEuriL:i.
t:, mr pas in aceasii diFcJie s r ficnl prin ludaF3 bvrritrrnt
ir xirr,
rrnrrricaii
nr anur 1939 jjresre ,rdraridrte,nl dioecti.
F
ndla
rllor
-
adrcd nu.ldr
, ,icLicci narxi c
-
c+nln . int fixnli tcJrctjci, pra.lici
9t Do.
ri .n .onsidenrili starin a arirri ci
iricn
cdnlmdictij iirdnc, cn rdrtr
de desroltrle in nalnrt
9i
si.t tc
st!1
ri
nn sti
tE
lioncMi,
se inbosucite, lormlch
ii
hnetnziunnc r(hi cdmzt teul
rornulclor
ti
onsluTiu lor N| corcspuMiloar: noilor saFini islorie.
,.
ilaisnut au a.llnite
ldn
12
ti
.ontnzii,n
(biLe,
.btut.notii
terttu
radte eta.iL
ri
peti.od.te. amsmt est duflnnd o4xntui .Lqno
ltun",), 3 sdh loraritul Stalii in risluNUl rdrcsii rov.rnsnlui }]o
rolov o prilcjnr disdtiurbr ivite in
j!ru1 obienelor de ringvisiici.
ale tovunillur Strlin: .,cL
r)ridre
ta nlt]]sn n1
tia,nislicv't,
,,Cr
pixn. Id utuIe
Prabtdne
d. tlkqnisticd!,
ptetn si
.,Fns'-t
xn.r t tudi", r.prezinti o noln desvoltdc a nmismulut
Noi rspc.le an 10* descolcritq n'i laiuri rl. hsr*isndui au rosl lu
niMte. ,{emla v. rjlt3 i' nod dic.cc ra cuto.Strer n3i adnnsn si
nd
Freeki
a ,thrii
ti
societilii. lr siipanjria
ti
dirjjrr* leeitor des
Desvoltind vedeillc hi Mri:. E
,.cL
pntir. tt naflitn'li rins!tuii.d",
-l
talin nn nuDj cn I re
:olat in ncd
qcator
lbblenele
rud.nenlalD rle lineridtc! deterr;
Dind o adcvtoti Evolutic i' aceadn
etjirl.,
dar , desvorid fr! de|]lnc
drdeclic st dlernlGmnl islolici inbo
snJrndule 9i
intdrrndu.le cn noi 1ec
ti
mnclutuni Descht;nd
n'i dtu
nnri
loth
cercter
ttiinlillcn
in toaie <Lnmnlq luonrile loBri;ului
jnpndrntn
onlril]qie I' tzaurur ranGnrcninii
rnlli. b
rezlsl
Findlrri
.ncneth.
ceni4l.le
r,rel emniate dc sraI. in nliimele sal. Iucriri dan
liit
.i!ii diFd..re darc
i
dcsclid orirnluri noi nd nrDri linsvistilor, d'r
ri
lilosortlor,
istoriciror, {onotoiglllor, dncibr llt Bri
ri
oineiiro'
S nl!rP' u
, L,; {
r,siD.h,nL
6t" tr
Teria maxigin dcsPre lta
ti
$prmt cldi eYpusn dc tor ariisri
st.lln ln nod
prech
9r
dn, a snpii"t o .oun ddoltare
!.ri a dasmP-
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r x r sqrr4d trns!turile
sener3r.
alc $cictnlii viibft cdmuDii.
ri rindul siu, l,enid, rllicind
Fi
desvoltind idcilc hi arx. a itcul
,,x ta stiidtiiicir aenhutitn I &sinurul
i
,(i.0 3, ideologicc a so.ietntii caliraliste in
]reioda
inpcrj?.li&n tri.
nr nod cor.rer
lrchrcnr
slnririirii sirir]li tursher
,r r hmririi siarului sor:cric, snpaslrudurn de lip {u. Len,i 3 de.
'1ir
ir m.lrsi ljnp ctjle principaia ale enstrclrei bei socirljsk
9i
.
Irctittrriite p.tiricc
d.1t tupi M"ru Re
I qi.
soci"rktn din ocionbri
I
Ncd)arc din uniua snvicti.i. sub conducer., Prdiduhi o.nunht
rr r{,ic. in consrdanln d idsirc mist lcnihiste.
i'sisn lennrisul a inrnai
tNtet
atul din U. R. S. S ru imct.
L
1 linreda r cnibr d tDnslomare revoluliorard r soci.li i .l l
d'L utr prosr''n
rtii"'lfic
&eslei irinsfoniri.
D.svondnd
ri
adancind iezele nar.rilrjmurui di,lecr
9,
3Lc nri$
r , ui rsloric, rovnnrd shlin a dri inreryrelma omphtn r cheslru.
i emnoaice I @nuismuhi
ii
ta desol
r f.dtr sdtrsuctnrii corespizntoare $lenii
r, )oile 8:re ruoiiii, r. v. sbtin .oncrctidazi
si
deMni noliuicr
,.\cti deqpre hazn
ti
supBsrtuctui.
r),In dlinitis stdliistn,
,rrr)i dati, a dcsvotiirjL sociein_tii
-{r!dn
ddi4ie r.a1. ir
"idanti
, frbntl is.torlGrtc trcciid rl bazsi. Tovrltrnl stalin r dai si o can.
r.irrr! clasrci r
trcducrie li
bazi!.
ro sDcieiiilii pcnh r irirs
ri
dlsv.lrner br,.i T.v.ri1Dl sr.rin 3
,.nrit.ir cdc o
3re*8ln
3r se idenlili@ btua cu
lmdlctia,
cu oihl de
tr,,rtrtic, deoareco nolnnE de bazi dp.inde nxn o
larte
r ncdnrni
r'.
Jrnn{Ir
Ea cuprihde relotiuDile de producti-. irirc oaneni carcj bih?.
ulrrN r' *ndnr ror. .onsfiru.sd o nnrratc cj.r.cljci
qd
cc.rirti
!a.rs
a
'tr!tri
'i.
prcdnctie,
q'
ro4ele de
rrctuctic.
no4ele dc
lrodmiie
rclr
ecidnli. in tjnF a baza
r rl,rc inlEnln cu fomalb sr socirli. De rcn.ner, iourrsul srrrn
r,r r i,' r.liea r.lul rctiv ri Ceternilrni rl hr2ei. subliiiiin nisn,ie, ei
tr i sNi e.nonir scidatii.
rryrrisdr St3lln r ln'nurt
ii
a desv.lial. sub tDt
h illmeractnri, aplicdrdn le
!i
gdnemlitsdulr
I
I
osa ..tudi. $prsinduh formel. poriiie, j'dd'c.
rildrxice.
mcdr't rcs'tc cu r.tryid':i d.
t,r,&c!i'.
,
.
t
r-r1 .on.o-,A.r
3 lo.ielnlii. supndncitrm esG icgatn de
Froducrie
in n3d
jndi'rct,
pl'ln
int hedirl ba?ii.
,,Da@e@
s
ttlsttur
to scric lovlrisul Sblnr
nu .slhtd4te s.hinbdtn in nitetut des"axaii
futtelar
d2 praductE
dillJt.ndta
{
at..t,
'i
.tusi tchrtbiin.
,!:rrccut.
ir boi prtn rdsfta^-
aie
d schi btuibt nin pnductie in schinldtite ttih baain
i).
ToErngll
sirrin a ironiAt pe ,cei
Felcorfxi<i
crre. dupn rllorulie, nlu vrur
5n se foLse$cn de fijloacere de productic rnnas de pc una capitrlis
l srarjr
-,rism
turrrr t;n,
..2/dr+rj.r
dts sustiaeu cd .tfln uita tt
let
finlse in
laru
nodstd dapn ne@-
t tid din a d a nbrie snl butlthea si cal nu ne
\\
le bin. a.un, hirti,\tiLa",
sii Ie
fu|nsin,
ci cd tQht? sd te nhtrLte
,
sn @n&tunl auc .ni
Ftate
Modul de prodrclie calitrlisl dsvoui linitar rorterc dc produslic.
nriina tjnifi ro41. dE
Drciltrciie
nostenire dela regirut @tiiriisr, tn
care ele,u i.si frinaie de rerrliun e de prod{clre care te3! sinift
Baz sehertd $cietatet dh
!u
cD ne in!,F r.vunsnr srrrin
Frricublitnlre
specjti@ ate brzdr
ri
sLlin consMeri sup.a3ltucinD ideile, &mepl rc. nNntnFrlc pn.
llrlccj loclalcj iu)1di&, fnosofic'- in lcs nrin b:za.nu ii nod imlet.
ei
urri dersdenla pnsrruclu
si intirira }.zci, prcctrn si i.flrcaF buel aqulri oFrstnciuri|
,,Sr-
trtosttu.trta
Ectie 1oy.ri$l1 Stalin e:Ia
ltdetutd
de bd:d, ddt
dcnsld nu tnsodinnd hiide.un cd supmrta.r"rd nu ld.e duAt rd teft.cte
bd*, cd ed .rta
ldsitd.
ne iij ca ate o ntittdine inniFdtd
ldld
d2 sodrtd btz.i s.r., fdtii.le satto ctdsebt,
ldri
n nractet l a{i .],!tni
Diftr,atritfi. adatil afut*.n, en de1:in o
l.rfi
d i1:d. dia @t nai tu n,
ojttii dcti. ha2et ilk 3n caNte
l.md Si
sA se ..nsalidc.e, ia rodte nti
stib
7*tt11L
d oirh nai atnntlltni sn ninicets'd
i
sd tichide:e &ck6
bdn
ri
Ncl,tre .krc'
!j
$l
md dcllrtd, I v strllh x,tansii .,s!/r'd,
inltte o.cN. ia ctts/.l enrei4 triic:)te
$
t4inie(:n to4 .cfianidd .1atd. Den..ea sqnstrtctuft ru ttdic$e nutt,
eo .ste tichidnra
ri
dis?ar. onaft c ti'lLitldEa ,i disp&nia l,a,!.i iate\).
rr slni s! imriirlfrn pe ehs., r.lnl acttu d
c cij. Lx noi, de pildn, i( treut, suprt-
m.ticrimii.Astizt,noua
rrastncldi
rr1{
.!i
sdrsrs.ii drsei prnlell& itr lurrta asJrti 6 rinnlilcle dscr
,
,Tl"r.ti
,,, .n .l.rd o.ad- 5i
q" n
P.(-rraiacrdq_
l{{ d: dxsi al .ljctxtudi
!.!le!re
Da nn
loale
av$ o alihdine indl.
rn I rrri dc drs.le cde drtnnnesc pr.letariaiul. E
r r.. ir crnrl nisttu si at
li
lor o denocElie
Fotllrrt,
muncit ri.
,i,1r r,1?oi srle sn se coNolidcrcr sii c.niribuc h dktrugerea vecbit
L, i \rtt1,f, clrse. Drpn felll cufr se desiilturi Jicirlu
nmlat'In
h
t,
ir lrr orrsttuEsc s.cialkdxl, rorur istolic il
(ictatlrii
lr.lerr&
tn
i in
Frldicn
adcirul di,i. rl tezelor
vc' . atirndi"e iDdiier.nii titn de
r, I i.3. iir.Lge d.la sjne cri * nu
rorre
$$. *ihldiic esili lati
r r' . clisel. strdrle. ,^ceste consideralitrni ru insefrnitatc dcosebiti
r'
rr' {!'rdiJnr(ilo rnure dela noi
ri
din
Frilc
cu denocr,tie
loFurara.
erieilr .iliigrti ddr o zi la llh
rri r'slrim
'.stc
arihalnnl
lrln
*dple:
r$
.,
hndnb m rcdja a bnrcziei si r socjarsrjror ce drc.pb,
{ r,i lxlGhcerea
nizuinlelor tutu&r @tnhnil.r, este denascdn zilnic
[,
] ri'xd.1,l
(xillui
trrsn z cr irshrm.nt de slasi .l burghr,iel, cr
!,ir
'rrtde.runii.r
ar. r poForului mnncitof. ce scnnificalie atr
s lui Jmqn.s Duclm si Mrnrice fh.rez
sll
rr! I lrl
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Fi .r!- d
r-iF
i
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're
se
l.rt
d" reprifririld sangcroasc
rnulDr Ii denonstra'!iiin U.s ,\., rr.iJr
r' I r i:lsrri.ld. deslinrFrii a nnrcroase oEatriz.tii dcmocrall.. dh)
ii
L,r
1.)ri. rc*ir dolodesc caracicrul srrrtrrni bnrsrrcz cr
jDsbtr,
.
I i n Dil(1ici cc dsi r nxrgheziei. cd nEhuneit nidrcplat impo.
.nistllEsriNisi.i|u*Irrci
nriri, n{.lc
nlniititrra.x n,{:g,Lrni
Al doiLr exc
'/u
snl hiD dcta noi.
perhu
nshidarc: ba,i vecbi
nr a3,icrftuii, rurir im!.1rim ritntlitlor Doricrcrrj dln recul
,i
impo
tlive chirblrinii, .ire dislun inci dc nm{oase raFifjcatinni in De
dlul rurdl. .ste da irlt luprr
len1tu
inpicdccana reveiirii rari rehi
Daci snprrstruclDa i.rllln 3r alunea
rE
panl! unoi rlrludini nrdile
n* falii de h.u. b.zn, pe
lrntl
rnfirii pc picior t1c csatitalc I dile.
,itelor clrsd. ir tusmna de r,rt adopra.ca urci riitndini trnditoar irti
dc cl!s! nucltoare si
liir;i{imer
nurciroare,
,ncnlnre dcsrrisit carm revenirii
ri
rgcncnrii vxlii hoz.
lnrerneDe,lcen1a dinhe bain si surirasrmctun src o senDjrisatre sl
nDDorLrrF e{.trionrli nu rmai
re(1ru
U.R,S S. ir
Frloadr
dc h}
j ci sr
tcnbx tirile
dc demosrdc
lopu
larn .aF robsird .xpelictrF
ri rrimind
ajll!tuI
seneras
.l u.n. s.s.,
cdnsrru.sc si iD$.esc sDcirLisin. desvorrand
i,, serasi lim!. sopnstucrlm ontohn ci.
Supnshlcilra,
rrodrs
i,, cursul cireia trn
ieqta si r.lioncazi bozr e.omnici tuii insi nici.datn un
rrodus lesiv
d brzei, nn dp ld. t3tut: compldur totar dc idel
ir
o'ceptti *istent
h sccictdc nrh,o
rioi.adi
dat4 .i ui ansanbtu de @rceltir, cu nrs1it!-
liila src"Fuzitoarc. Da cnprinde rolc conerlii
ri
li,slitulii crre an
rorur de rol.siirn rn r3D.rt c! brzr dari rtr ilonenrut in clre su!8.
structun r r.st lichidatn, odaii cu hrzr ei pe caie a $Nit-o
ni
ince
teazi sn nri exhid ca un ansantlu de c.n.cpJii st t'N.!utii, dc 6rflr
cn mu1l. elemerre car.cteristie dkpdr
ti
tcrrne si ithpad Alele insi
lot
mnfira si exis'.e
si
Dai dcp3rre, inii inho rfti fami Elc
]]ot
c\m se
treziifi
nNi problena
stiiiiei
ln llniM lnvitriiiu lor to
n{tu1n un
lrhinonin t.rmamnl 9i
durabrl al
tliintei
cae ret reznnn
m .
strd'.i
nurii n.i singlE ro,natiuni sciale. A&si prfi
moniu oglindcrtc rcalitaler
9i
tlide si se apr.pie ncconlcnll de rdertnl
obierliv $n{jnirer
F.ziti6
a
+iinFi
rdieli r fa!1clor
ti
legilor ve.
ri@-le in
rEctici
ed.e rczult.rnl uej tnense exp.ric4c t omubt,
9j
. luptd
Penbu
d.nptuiEi fo!
,Accas1n .xp.rierfi esle hdiere succcse]or cietisato dc om in cu$!l
cvolltiei lui F rure inblaizit.r d nltnrii.
hohlem! ontinuililii
+iiitei.q
li'dlriln itr &pe_
tatc nduri dc citre clasicii nrrismuld oD an Blblitrial mcsr prin
lupia dusi inp.fiva i.cdcirtior dc ! lsfizarc !
i bnre de rni, Letrin
'
sqris:
.,.ir /i
o
, ,1t
'i
sc et.ada cd, en] sulicidt sn.l ineletti h:intile . daisla,
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o o|ata !t:^t t at ;'
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t rttt |r. nsnti eatr illn t'
rnlusn:
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tit funraftrtut
ttdink at
ttiit4.i
nane, d.bnn' t in hnd4it
,Fdrii
i
l.teqet.a
cIo'A cn n ,tai
Ptint"o
ct@dl
.Ettii
?nn
intt.dqu d.suttat d Lnttnitdlii cn
q\(i
fn
inslaa'ed dc.stai c&turi,
],dt. li
dttn dtun prctc
,ti|.
lti
n tnt.t 4e'eo
a.estuitncr .,u ta,t isbdi sn re.ottnrt
rabt.tno
1 r ntn
ralctbd
,.b s sn
lie
o d.sNttate tanscientd d retaL.td
P.
, , i dr;t ea te.d .tett in Tndilhrnile de arr a' . din
lal
t d saci.ldtii
,"4 ttin. sr.i.tdtii tatitun&on, sod.rrilji rirocm,i.rr ctr artc cnvjnta
' ' l ln3 ass cum slblinirzn knii in luchrer sa r{atai?,isn
$
anl
'ilrtit;srr.
sn stji Jii ti
insuscsti |;i Fi
Dr.lncF7l
ln nod ditic:esid
,
(
ri' i si
ilii
Ft inlniuri bnrfirtcle lor rcacln'tNc si
riii
ri het
, r L
r,mlric $
s:i lupti c! ljnjr inhelg;i s fdrlel.r si ch*lor crre ill
lfo,'rsul sidlli. ir lncriri,e srle cn privire h t nsnr in ltnsYrs_
t o. bi.tn1 in iod catcgoric ln.dcirilc de denrturrrc a iotiuilor
i, !
r)de
la rapoiuriLe diniE evornlrc
ai
Ercluic, sunlinihd ?D nod
,
.rt
lih;, cDntintritatca
succcsivittiea ir isiorie a des"lliJj'
intnlcei si li bii.
rr.l3 onnl nolitlc
at
pnni h.r t caft co'shuctic
socidlGhll
9l
,, rr,iuul, dela silenl clollit
ii
riiinitt dc
!ia!ii Dnnt
h clecho
r
3viof_ ru
.d{L
dal3 d^5cooe
Ji.pii,
I r 1 roc;6; runql si neintrenpti .are sdiort Accst
natrinonin
"
l,rjri de eislenls fietiri o! de d*voltatr socictitrlor'
tte dc!
'
",'
,, **.iu r. ut;t-.
"t "r
delindc de noile rclrljunl ci$tc intE
i J . iE socictalea socirListi. in socici.te. comunisll'
'"rrilul Srrlin r desvilnit esenls anlifrdxjsti a rqr zlsel t'oril
i""'"i
-*"*"
*i,- @," IJ
I
m
+irl"g"d;is-."
, ,,
...*..,;*.r
sar..-u n"r':Nen::artd^s
, r" ., ,",i"r" .rnrui cd istorie soci.titii si is1c.i.
rioForiero'
', r:i
|c
.Ie
tohiseln
liniaittil n.ri-sti I rost inchiii
aa hvr-
, , :ullin si ori.c riiiicirc ti li exclusl.
r)ri cstc fant neindoic c cn eistn !r
lririnontu
pornrnc'i
ll
, i
'r,
jLl
ltiinlci,
in *rrinn,
,lirectlunca carcctiirilor triinttrko rl
ors'
.,..
rd;,r sicciiirl
nnfril nr fl,ndllll
dh lult i de cl6n. Fdnatiurea sccjatij clsa doni.aitn care se sr.t
jrni
pe o rnumiti
ben cconDnisn schvryisin, ieudat4 ..Ffta]isli
-
a d.ioDinat dircctinnea ce eedrc sriiiriicnr tur
z'ro3a. Ac rr4 inbi'xr's} F.".ur ir fo.
,
"
i;,. ,t.t. .
d,Ec' u-
!
^.
us.
rn fost p3fleotrl! nrlnlurati si chiar trasjnati
-{_e
s,au plnEour lnch_
.jle dcrr carileu
ti
ciordnno Brlrn. penn lr J.lio{hric.
sdfe to 3sce.o- c.1,
-rc%..
,
..
r,
rFo,j
brzr. B!.ghera a r.jltai d6rouaFa srinrictor
Dozjriva
nr ve:cut sr
xvn ba. canil crasa .lF1oa1rLr.e sc aftn in dedtn, direclia
n.
care e3
'Id4r"_
'r.i:
,
r
sr^!.
^e,sr
"d" rF;!"
"
*
"/1
i
r. r'
1-, ida.
ttr .omol.gio. weisnannisn Dorssnisnul
in ereditsie,
JD flzi.i, eic.
6dinta,
itr
Frire
c.pftatGrs. esrc sub.rdoirtn .Dnceltjilo.
frdcisr.9l tite,Istc crie ru inliicraler sr a ilcvciit er ihsisi c.mrltuo in
rtiune' dc distrugere
llinnjri
d. das s1nr,anitar rr
lnrjb
caplrL
ljlte, nu imal lilosofir, ktoria. stjinlete
econ.nice sunt srbj .hare
rcsior encptiuni
ir
tunt fttsiricare da. si sriinlerc i'turii fjzllr.
chihir, bioloFa, geolosra.
led.r.gia
_
$ni lhpin& pc dtun g&rt!
suh prsiniea oncurentci bu.shstr a fost .on'haDsi si desorre
rtiinlerc..rnrii,
dsaftcc rirl acssle., ea nr
Frrca
siit dcsv.ltc
nro-
duclta si t hniB. Dar
N.rru
I noiiDe nasscle in sbB d. sct'dc spi-
ritusE burghezr! a c.nsbibs
Fe
orm.r de diinti sn devnrn
lmlovt
duibnt orenlelor ccror nai rtxurde. uncort de r dre_Drll crimnBrc.
$riu
ri.oriii
cn tu u.s.A. ?zi. .r
9l
in ccnanrr t te sii de ieri .dcert
rih iliibflricc sDt dirij?ite de
sutr(ut
si dicile n irarc. relrzcnt?iie
car firn rtctun *rullr te
f3.e tunr,rice rn rcriuner lor
sciuciqiit.rr..
fnrii ctrsc sxu tibcri dc ctae r)lhgonlsie. .fern
po3ibiliii|depljiesine]jDitatDdcds'o]trr.side
!'xenrld u.iunii sori.ticc nc sii in trli lcr a tnce:ur s:L stiilltr.
e4ci viu sensul prorlid lDrnist al
rtiirtei
si sr
tr"cizar
d.liniltv
dtftciir ci da deflortaF. Accasia cstc dn.cclir sriinJei si ni Ir re cu
!,ncii li
a
lm$esutni.
.
r)iiru'si
dD !i puGhic
gulclt
onbdiv. Ea a& de lulr't ele
,: Lr'.
'!xct(i,!re
din
Fln
prch qi c! iap3riltisfr anslo.Mericar,
f,
'
,, rr oFului
ii
al o cnirii Nu r sunpd niminui, de sisur, riiiu
ip.oiti
lnnn
b
?.Fcrsilall,
I rcpr.z.nbDrdlul
s ,{ l. o N.u., dulir cE sa loi.i ii conditiunilc siiuG dc ollr.
I | :ii d. sirdre e on(iintelDr
-
dcclahrca chnfi d.noorre cd
!rI'
L r-mr rrrn.lionai. ol r nuuunil lui Dutrcz4
Fenrnci
a ajutal
,, ni irripiu!$ci nu nunri . n.galitrte
$i
o redirplrlc .i sr . n.n
r uritrre. o lna 6nh. trnaritnti.
'' ,
D.d i.r,-.
.
n,rrz:lsci icmclia onstruclici socirrcte.
rirhs noi d$hrDi dc cbrn in stujbi
rln,nrilor de pssre h.ra,!. Ae$rr c.rc din
!$tea
o{denir.r da
_BliinF
i,:rrisip3lri.lisiltie qtdr
dd visnenti. Drci srlgisi oan.ni de
L i:
Li'r
c're rr nrsbiiDa in falosul unel
Ntc.i
dqman. s..du] dc frbi-
sars anoliorarii tninhi e]3r ce nnncesd
r trri, .i in mhai cn 3r c.nrrjlul ]a
gun,lzirca
h?oi ec.n iicc, d ar
.,l.runi rnrisi ai cl,sai
?r.ror.re ii.i
pah.iol
NaslE. Drcn 3.r
si.r
-iioo.r.gi car. ar ris/indi gandr.ur de Col.radD peilfu dlstn,g.r cur.
id de ca*oflL iF cun N iiht Aneri4nii ir Repunlha clrrostovrci'
,
j
I s 3r
cisi
bacroriolosl .rrc ar
o rlrn deLnrlie licn Ceslul de des inlll',itt in mr resttujle stiinri
i r icl. noi este conceD!tu l'lealisti i,! irndpreirrer lcnonencl.r
\!.Ntn clnrr4ie s n.ial'rette nsi des doEeniul
irn4ebr
rilcsorico
entn
9i
in doDieDill
ttin,ilor
nrtrii.
ostili ldeilGmllui si tidcisnuldi. lanlo
.itt
:
'D@d
od.tdrt1l ol,t dr', aristii
ti irttnl.ro
nahrdc at relt'Ntd
r.r.d ext.ti.drd.tin ery.ddla onuhti s rN sirtr'? cqabit? sd ne.]ea
t,t. \^rt aba.tiD, ui|e
|tieisn
?ste iatdtntot
ldtd
n tdr."
rn ir.iebt.3 cililalisti, ..menii de slLlnln iurghezi ar d.nattrnt
'
l,.sor rdevnEtul sens rl nr lor desoperir' stitnillke snb nrrhcntr
rl
.sir u redctiunil, i clrsclor doninrnte, uii o'freni de
edbli
.!
rre
,l fxi crlhmul
ti
ficeisnrl. .nssiccnndu'le .descr in cels nri r.lDrorsc
icalitunlut ptrtdnrc, l fost silit si ioc!
trli
lltcrc.
dunnez.jasci c. r,.r.r .l cFrliei
,i.i
,xr!, Ndurxre shiurn cdr a
r nr ci cvdrli. rii',1.h v!('it,'ar. cstc o lqr. r mfurlt chlmrFl"r
r-jebig, crre a dat o brzn,ciiidlLrjce nuhitiei mincrrtc d ptanieror, nrrF.
netlc lui Dum.czeu cn I a .jutrt si frce lscasin descoperifa Fidehnui
3xu la imDiedccrl sidea anpl!,are f3lrclor cxlerinidnialc izrrate
Fe
or
tucn rn lisr .us tjbc. rsDsror cDnlepJii, rn dmoisrra cn ,devntul
obie.tiv tu *jsri
ri
rn ,leschide drunnt lornDlN o.ganjzsidricc de
re&iiunil Nua c.o.oniicir a sciclilii sr.irhslc rr ti pernancnr sdrun
.nBii. irr s,prrslrtrct"r! sr rn rdcinetrir
rr
m ar creilc
Fen1ru
a sruji
Dr aci. r.zulr-r.e
D sfciniimpo*atrli
ltnrrn
Acacedi,
nepnrrricii Pnlutr,e n.min de I
zi rrit la,oicailri in au.
lrn.ti,
n3t
rhs prii ltici si mrtemsijci. La noi, accste d.uil
iliinte
nn an rcosii pdni
r.on st si co'slruirscn rundrn
la.n cu ailtm.i ulr. cu.ai rr ro]osi nai nrlt exp{ienF ti,icoi9, n.rc_
.naticr ta noi nr
]ruGriic liiiftnla
de
s]rirftur rnet:rric dlniaanr ir
tirne
.ccidcnrrta, iii de lnde fizicienii
si n,?tefratici. i n.srri
"!
Lrai nrfitirDru rrri nuu d.c in atle disci,
rlirF,
ji
rizici
ri
mrtcnrtici *zn1.nta merarizi.ii este m.i purcnicn;
ieidltr!, dc r sdrdiciis n.teriililrter lunii e n riies1n ucori liiiis
un riziciatr, P4rt/rnil Euseu. in hcai sa rsro,.j,
Iro3oli.r
a*,-
ddtlr., alihn cn ieorii rctrliv
Ertit8rc sbrrantiarn. Dupi ntrstl, nr
lirle.
ci nuDri un prccden conod dc
sru.
.t
^r
br
I,i.1.
re-Dut.li. n, hner din occldcrt. cai.
Bt. ! ctudinli c.rc se iirinetrc la f.ore utii oancri d4
iiii'rF
ci
hrtcnrticn .st. iccit.n cu
rlii4a
iNisi. Dlcii acdst.' conccdie .r fr
8dEill
j'xli
ar i'&nlx ca i(ircqra siii i
jnct'rs!!
narcnrliF.te. sd 6c
rrb.t. r.sic. inchis ir she, in !r r e{dienlci
um rc. Dxcir rc.r(i corcclrie r. ti in$L1iri. sp.crxccrul sriiltei ,r ti *.
1nn de ., !n si d: siirc: o tizici trDivcrsrri, ldenlici cn o dodrint
in ealtn tr un shten de
sur iendirtc:i s. fiicut iiccrcnri d! x tucc sn
]liirun,ln
r.ci*t c.r.Drtie: dh, cun os rnesc, clc ntr:n rcrsjt. Nu ar
.or.it ij: uniurc. soristici. drr
rlri!nati.r a rcn dcrnriii dc Erisels ca riird
iiiinr!
fondor sprri't'
I runea reati cor.DFuri ir t ltrl a.esto,
itn o
lrrta
iniegrsn1n a cntroqd.rii rcrlt
r rii oln.a*erca m,tmaiicn ire. bincinFtcs,
!.'liculari6tite
ci caracic.
iLicc si se decsct ste ir hljtcFrivinh da cercerarea re.u6!ii cu hijloi
(
r: c.r!rr3li.
rriinF
ale iarn i
I cii .r un crrrcter. ecun nj
ri trtr ansamllu de remncne, dii posibilillrcr cerceinrii mcsrora
jn
scrit
i r)rn'n'i:l*cele
natcmitice rlaten.iidesre
dera.r de I avea un cauc
o,tiirti pe $E ltmrajul o rimircazn;i o
j
rilrii"ci:i de lum.r pe $E nornnrrtismul o i(rnjurc dc contr.lur
InNr'c! rcalitatcr Ea nu arcun enpireurtcir djnccto de spariulrnin.
rr n.rn'l ci cate concret
!i
v. fi @ riai nai f{und penha mnosrrcre
fl (!i
va fi r.idesbirli d. nerafizici
ri ri
!a
ansi
ipricaiii rn 6le nri
J r$irc stin'ie are nitnrii si ti rehni.i. rrarmarica nu 8ic nnnri uh
atu.it ci esie
i
nn iisttuneDr pulenic
[
\tru *npadrca ai. Este chr ci nodll de
jntren
nFre,.cestui
jnsrru-
Ddr delinde, ,re renans', dc srructnra socieinJii. rn @ndi_tiun,lc soci4
rr-1ii cxritallsrc, instnn4rlt narersltc se46te nrbEsole expL.trrorirori
. xJatnb ror Ir rtrroin. In mn{ritiunile societnlii sociarkte, er sene:tc
rrnrrsclc
jntregrbi
popor. avm Dalcm2li.ieni de naie vrlolF, de rc.
Itrtxiie
nondirli, 31r cnmr .pre sunt nn*fia in.lelor 1.r ijNlrin
g
rrjl
aerslr, htturia
rotsilialului
deilof ar
rr.Forntni
h.slru. rn f.za
i i crre ia gidnj md.haricr irebue sn priicipc .f.ctiv ts intnrira raTet
rr,nomice sochlisie
ii
a supra
ri'?t
si pi-tNnd;i coivincerca cn, cd iorre ci nalem,rica studirz; I.no_
rndc sprlirle
ri
legjlc crntuatlve generatc, er est.
rj
o
_sriinti
.rre
rrDdiizn mtum, fiinrl o
lirrc
a gtlinFlor narurii, o
rtiint,
a crrli noliuM
rfrtiarn r forr truu din lunea exi.riod4 o
5rlnti
care re
,l
u ca.
n.rd kr.ric Notinn d smtlare ndcnrrice s'u rormar c,. d,$cjn!n
tr d d indelungat
Foccs
d' acsvolr.re s stiinlei
ti lracticei
oheneJlt si in
cu ne$ul rst ic rr sliint.i du!: r.giro
,Nunsi
a Nmened chceplie hateintktd, tta\.
rtc
rt, ctut hdtendti@i sNne Vinogadov
-
aqi don arir ii c"
?r,.
rr:\t .i si cn kn.sire( ci in stuiha
r
cticei .ne1arti.i saxiatIte :i n
ttrtttii ttNrtdte sprc co,m en,. DinFotini rc.Irgin not, inrerFet.Fi
,Lirirr dialeclicei nrtcriotiste, r origjnii
ii
desrcliiiii
i i 14. izr.rftn din
sindiD3
ata
nct iDiiisl nr ip.rczc. cu sdrri.j.rrcr
! [r$iiismu]li
rj
canzrtitntji in lnnca ti7i.i, crc., sunt nmeh lnosorjlor
i rxmlril.r dc siiinrn lrnrgr.zi r4ctlonrri, care rac dio
riii43
r.f
. $rxuilr
Pmg'cFurui
siinrlei
Jtrtn' r srtrsticc cdr"li.r0
r
iilcror nrtdrri
et
rerfrc{t, eslf ne.*
oderD. si se dcsv,iie R P R sinulbn.
ca un rit inhcg, sbnns lesaL hir. clc.
Icoasiii siDultincilale
ri
unilatc in desvlxarc erllici
trogresui
rctn
rccut 3r fr.ftnatiei lD u. R. s. s., unitc teorja celor nai nutre .!roxi-
nrln a lu] ccbitev re splic.liuri lniin*
s.olnrilor
x
sisit
o 8llicarc hli in iziea teoNticni t-"oiia fnncliilor dc
. vrrirtj[ conl]*n rcp.czind bsza ponrtu siudiul
.onllnuc, !u harc inlorran,tn psl|n aNnite donEnii
(tennicn,
aero
9l
lidrodilanici. et.). chkr c.l mai sbstrEt din$e donenille natnrrie
(|,):im nalcmtiiri) t
snsit
in U, R. S, S. aplicltiurl in pr.br@.I. sunl
'nrtiej,
tcleneanicci
rr
rlc lehniei crlcululni
c!
!i
I.stilulul de Iaro icn
,J.
A stedo: al Amdemiei de
lriitrlc
diD u. n. s. s, Itslitutxl dc Mrtenrricn d
^6dc'
ei R.P R
t.chtrc n.rErar st uhir$scn desvoli"r.i tuntor mFuibr din n.1e
maikr con1enp.r.ni, drr in lceeati nrxuri lehue sn d8 im!. anti
curcniri refraticoi aplit.re. h lNiiluhl dc ilatndicn
,,v.
,^. Selo!
a Lst oElniz'tn . se4ic
!r.1m
ealcllul neanic, lnzcstratt cu rD9ini
de cxlcul. s'an e]!bom! net dc d alioxiDatie pnbu pmblmele l^ linilt
ale liri.ci natcn31i.e. d .idonl dsinilor &tomtD ce calcL'l
-{n
losi
rlrl):nle n.l.ds
FcD1tu
$lulir rea nmcdci n eoalina dilottiale
obis dle Sd cteculat lndiri
'aste
de izhclc de ranclilni, r. Iccasl5
. lmrjedcctl
!
c,hJordorii l*$|lttrldi si exmr. D sA{"'
hrii
iNilr-ica r!:rdamcntal.. Dinpoldvi.
Sc.rl,
nxtcmdlici $vjoticit D .slc o scoah iDchisii, rz.)a',n. E
rjnti nillc
ii
zccile dc njl de
r)rotcsori
itc n'iessrcn 3n crc.scn
raBlei
.u prosr. l
triint.i,
Dnine*. roNtrn s-.o!le natcmftn
l).at aili
t'
Fa ericiici
ti
tn rcerslii
Fivinti
nn 4enllu bD
cea cs e slns &spE nrto^li.i s porl slbc
ai
dpre fiz'o6
tiizrs
f.atc
d.schid. d rumch$
rr4i lhtrn
inmlmret oneltiilr
rc4ri81e, nn6ri mints,i.'ur, dar u,eori inrenllohal
.h a/J-t. La tne&si t $rie L v. Stalin
-
.dt. tdli'tu.tt.
l.sibititat! dnae,teni h.itii
i
(
t litu ci, .aft nn d.112 in otdti.i
tntc( tunaftinklar n dnE, cate tu rc.Maatte anctnnl obqctiD
'<1
sotu
b$. .n tun.d sb
lind
de ,,.tdur'! in sin?", ea nu
Nt li
rntuMd e
\&nt. ltN .tiintdi naldialiJn/t
lilsolil
indst y'nelte dttd
@n
td
t|atm xi hncd
i
teaite ci
tnt li te
delilin dnotare, d drcFtiatd.
n:t{'c dttye teole f,ahti;, tdilicnt. n? *w,erld, de
{aaic&,
3th1
.!na:ri^F ntentie .ne d. irse;:indttk( tnry adetdtuti.ue.tir.
i)
rtoirrk !r dixledis i'iiresis corvjnserea omurui dc
,iiinli
irr ua.
, ,
,.r
rLr,idctni a
rtiinFi
desp'r nddrn
ri
tn perspetirlc ci nctimitniei
',.
.i nrli si nnd.'.jdc oxmcnilor de
riiinF
itr nuh Lr creaic,rs pe..
r
jlrrnDnc
natrii
]rpdn ti
ii suc.csd lurl.i inpohiva flsti.h
L i si cilismurui
rriintoi
busrr
|irosoiii dh Im.rjcn
ti
anglra dismte in aiti djn !rni, prtblenr
ri, rri dsrcror xterimeir.rc sunr fitosofi dii a.e{e
tiri,
din Nrsifiie
L ,,1 dc
"unernti.
crro n{carcn 6i den.nslreb en &tele expnnrntrle
,l,rczir*nd.cer u rnmt ghd
csprohbirftarc
tr
cir n sunl nr res
i rrniorim cn estc frbricafi din lid frtGid onmitr nijl@ce de nlvesri-
r',1i!
rn
nuiea
sn o consit rim ca de plunb satr chiar dd lenh, daci
, L idlsr drs iijroae pnttu a.i Nnon9re natua
azn
lmcticaj
drblc exp.iiDeniale au
!r 1rli und .devir ctem. acerstii clEstim 61e chrn
lentrtr
nateria.
'
i fDr d;arectic. Cirn scrie Ifnin
,$dpnairtt
aat"tii, cdry se lnanlend
n)
rttctid
a,)di,ii, este ft.nhztut ..t,innini in Ntei4ut annrri, in n'd
,t & tit, oedincias
ti lidet,
d ndil.slatiht
$ tn.@setar
ndnii
Fi
tLttd3
14 nt n*ii ..ttindite, in Jituita in .aft ne dd.\nreo.d pta.!ir1. tne n
4 n1i| .hie.tit, rbsotrn, cE
'.
suricieii perhr r r*linse hnnnrtia .iri
1rLrLiaici
3llkEolieih.Eheze aep$
tfiiletlr
nrtur . dnrr: c e d.tele
, !r ri.nler n ar fi rrccit nirre ipoteze. hgdiura di r
rtin4n
si p{.ric!.
I irrtli ror diiLctici, esie nna djntr pictrcre de t.mcLe are nr*tirfii
Lesdiura
rliinlci
cu
Factica
ii coiiepli.
!i o
jtrsliJicrE
rilosolicn gherrli. intn
, 1l ,il ra e4,oienici ca nijLc
lertld
cunotrstere rat!.ii
iii
desvol
cerjr* 3ddnr'ftl lnsugl kgitur jljii
r, pracllcr inseannn lnsn
ei
contribllir
itijnlei
la
rrrre4ionrrcx
nij'
qlli
d"
rrd!4ic,
6nt ib!!h ei h ininrirer brri conon::e sd.
. !,, coitrib!1i3 !i la deard suprastructudi copspDrznbare. Urjrrte.
'i
L c ilJrir ri
!r1clic5,
dinh.
tuint:! ti
ptudlclie.
'nitat
. real:iin ii
, ,rL d)niilei! st
tlanificri,
sle niur din1rc
p.inciprlele a]nfje rle s
.rnlribnind ]a sldaor.a $+taii! . dcnsebirii
'liftr.
r,,.r tjzicii 5i ei lnlel4tuali. lssbirc carc n, sr.ieixrer c,fjiilnti
r cDtjDutn r,r nod voir.
f.ntu ,dreiar,iit
-
sp!L. Iinm s ecesut
Ptn.li.'
t nri;
nr. nt,,nia c.rca ldntei dhite ftrftzdtdile ,.dr
'.
si ndh.ta r'".rii
4llaui]rllleCal'el.p6.epen<'
uhi dtrledicJ
!u.e
prlclicL
tic rr
nnfl
I
Li i .an'idcrind.it.rqti)trrc.an.nilor n!
Foi
ii n'Itc cnh$i d.
ru
1i',
d. pmcii.n. codbntiDd leoriile g.e9iie .rre neagi lnsemnntriea
rire
,lracrim
aste snr.iaor.t'u.0|}d:i
(lsr:tlce)
j
N n noi nlentld nilxtsotitiitii, .i
i
pe neh ne t
li
eaiitrted
^e
devini rl dn.,rtterii luDii inconju
ritifre de citrc .ni .du6 onitndea cxaclnilii in
lxr.jur
da cnnorncrc, aliit in procBul praclicei $ciale si rl productici,
sat iii in desrn:.unrta hptci de elrsi si in cxperinentarc?
lrnrliricn.
cunorierea rdpti do rclicn osta inevitrbil rrlicrca si lilsitn de
i:itrldi n.shu si ai Parridnlni tui Ins
runderer ,{nbu
justr
cunoalieE,!i trrnsforhaE a societitii
tl
r nd! i
Icest nnrat
tmces
dc 1lrnsromar . atins un
FDct
firi pre.cdent 13
exisicrtr p.pdrlui nNtru
Fi
ar ss s!
jtnn
!e
uno,ttcr.a
ttiin$rici,
lnrnentul istoric d. transr.lnaic a .aluril
rj
sociern9ii in Rellbli.t
Potn rrnnonnni
'nlune
*in{ei
noastr. sn sc odenteze pc dtumul stran
s.i ci lcsilxt cu
!ra.ti3r.
nu,laid'italm slinrtipndici asisuri proErtsul cunoa9icrli,
rio8
e
I
riiinlci. litrn
h hcarila Ka naj ininn. Nnhai unit3iea
ttililnlrrc-
iici aFli po!.rul ntrncitor slsi idnrcasct rctivitalR nai.rtrli dc pm-
ddsn., sn int..8sci b8za ec.nonicn nrbrialt, sj
Frf*lionczc
reiilijr.
dirnrc oanDni nr
lroesrl
lialii s
sbuctlre corcspnnzntta' b3zei s.cirlist..
Slijntx in Re.Fnblicx Popubrn R.ninir 3. gns.rle h . cotiturn,
iirtili.e tu
^crd.ii3
nerrur'!icii
lxrc lrisirc dta &fi tu xc.e! scns, lf
r]trl
ds ldctu po rnul
Drpi
rilar re
car ie. d:r Uninnm sodetlci,
tilinlx
iorslln bebuc
sii ri'de cu t.1ic
lntell.
ei ccononii natioulll si
!rcsrcsul
civiliz4iei
uriind
rildr
Academicj dc
itiinle
din UDiuner ncpnbllcilrr so.irlisl.
Sovicii... AcrCcnii repulrli.ii PoFlsra Roniine trhue sasi clgsnizaz.
rrosmnnl
de frnci in ln lcl, nrni o. enii d. stiinlii sn dedni nnr
iitDi in:!r icr.le
fa,.rie
alo sctiliunui. A luplr
l.ntn
ablnde,rlr
Dici r socjarisrnlui ins.annn r lupla
poritu tduDf'n srinl.i
rhrsBmul dc luh al
-{cadenicl a fosr supN unet Evral.i iottlo
'r
itrirtul sp.i.irii si rdn"cirii adi'ititri
sliin9ifice
'n
ksitun cu nc6.
, i.
1ir.
v::tii pm.tie. rlela nat.nalicn
9i
fit ofig pdnn ta agD)1mro
r
!?rtxDtii $etir
lrrcriccj lcirn
r 3v.r sisnBnF rotudirrii cero! dt
de s cnror redlvrs delnde inttdh! b8at e6no.
rlcsramnl Ac.deniei R. P. r,. acordn o atentio dtuebni
'lud
lor
r' I he, siudiiLr agionontc, s
Fenin
a
'jrta
cr prtn
' ,$
ti
tehhici, !n se dc lne ihdnslrid
9i
agridl.D eciarisl:l, sn s.
'
, uiintusci irarca sanitail r
r,a nnomiie,
r..gnnutli !e
1951 an
linft
sernr tn s!4tal d.
i
'
lriiu le e rerin
tliinlei ti
rchdcei di| rrrnxl de Stei
!e
cinct el
rncoryohrm oancnit r de
ttrtnli
in cbttE
lui Msr-a pr'n dc lunsi ddari
ri
: E
, i" r;i ru insgir invilituile rli MD.Engels-rf n slaliq ci si de @r
i r. .itrstit si dii sinlineft p.trioiis, irii.sc bansfomntlo po c$
! i.a Funcft!.r tc nfipruqre.
*iintilicn
jtr
EeptrbtLca Pop arn no
r:r.'. etipn d cotiturn, cbpii dc grandio$a crBaliuni
tlrint
icc, rcE
, r
lrltinti
sn l'rrin crtrc n i de spialitti in lorte tuumc. lrr
t]
!
i o,n in uiiune. soviericn. Aedemin dc
sriinlc,
umrnd in,licatsuiL
, L .tnie tu prni& Ia tudnicia trnitilii djntre tsri
ii lr*ticn 9l
l' blnl
I
I diei in dcsrorhrc. , sen dor$ I sliinlei, . gidt nor
tr
bo$ie iwof.
!., nlie stiinlifici 1ot astrcl
ii
^clddir
Rpullicii ?.!!llF RondD6,
i, va desoperi nDi 6ue d. Nr!i-- qti]n
'
"
ii,si
r,siru
i.
i r' r. in hgilfi cu onsttucld $cjalisnnrut. onbitnlnit la int!f,rH
|
-
si suprxslD.tlrii *estci3.
.riricind iond de ripsn d. nodcsrie, d. tnndrrosenie si de fossnli,
uh si ierdirlele reveistr nrnifesbrd
I
raiistr lcvartsnl Stalin scrle:
. or
1i
Enq.ts u
lo:t
nllt nai odefi: ei mnsrt&Lu cn Ntu
't
t^ nt bt ni6bcti. 6te ptutlnsd ddDattdtii
,riinteto\
,ntusiD
111b.
,r.
nit petiaada
rec.tu
A!t
slnrxlarca r@slor sciccri ne dn initmnul sn ltrdin pmltu 8tar
l, stiintn, a tndinietor de sinsr arizue,
tr rrMarlrc su de d.spotisn. crre 3c nrnifa*n nn{rr
ti
suir 6oul
Pqo-L.M' r '
$arYlrr
o,. 6oc
socicdtir calriart3.e tin h.ftur, o riDi:i9i a Dmr
iinpNi ce ntr d noi rvenr.
Itr relatate rthdu
,
tovarisul S1rli. r 3d.is
ii
r vorbit desFe pro
rrrcm. desv.tiiiii
tiiinlei,
. indtcat cnne r@stei desvoltiri, a idnnrr
In nltinele sal tufirl pllvitoare la harytdn
jn
lhglislicd, rovarisul
sialij ru nDat ci a inanat mlr biie
!c
oancnii de sljinJn so .tici
din lm* obieciivn
si
I
,,,..irirtr
giihld ne hvaF Lwdtul Sirltn ru ie
?odle
,.s
nrlto
ti tospeto ldrd
luptd de a?inii,
ttud
nbdtdd taicn
l)
Desvoltand re.sti rezi esenJi.ri ln evornlia s,oierilii socjariste, b
v.iisnl sLlin nrfimazi pc acer oanmr de gtlinti mD lind st s inchidt
sr dcrin! Doro]rollsii in domniul ror de
rriinti
si ere
n*rzn 6tfel o alDosfert de getujrs r citjcel
ii
aut elttc.i
,Metad!
ekatiui a dtaan d dis.utnhnol cbl sdtrdeszi regrc.
rxill preecdiiic 3l ncrdcDiei dc
$tiinF
din u.R s.sl
tebte sd dan d heta.h sisren4ttd a dssror/;rit
rrir.t.i
sod?tir. tnr
cntiukte cteat.dte rje bdI diric.i tibde, tunt t rcdnn nnp.tlia stna
ndtit, d tutinct
i
i spirkutni teetre^t in
?tiintd-
In dsEnem sa,lii
se nMilestd deosebil.t .|ar
?tiaci
)iut c.tzcru
li
trcdtat nt
rtiiatei
india
tatu sacialkte 1n epacd stuankfdt
u. R. s. s.,,suln
Dro[]enelor
de { .sofie, de arrii. dc brorogie, de lrzio
logic, de gslogic
ii
acun de ll.grisd.n Aestc disuliuht natr dat
'?.
zultata bineftcnt are ndmi in u. R. s s. Ei*tnr 10r sc sihi. in tDalc
lirlrc
din r,ho
tt
nai .l* in
lirlle
dc dmocE c pqruhrn. urx dir
iderre .'ic u rost nnrt desbihre c,
lruejxl
&stor dis
|uni.
nrn.lc
st d! noiiriri, estc d6r ci orrce stll'tn se slrljinn pe o b.zn rir.soJi.i
d.rcminr1n. .ire ru rancul cj cste rfrcKr a ccr c $
I{4rc6
ii s
st trta. ii runctiune dc un sis'(d s.cirl d.l.
Ioaic
ne.ge s.! spre rde
vnr sia spre tuls. In rces din ulnn cD er tu p.ate li da loLs decit
ddei cord,m,,alc Ir
rlcl'!.
dar fijnr_se. vitinnhare cla6ei
!rulet3
riaturui. naloriti oancnilor de stjinF sovrenci. n.ri xvohlri * snvar
ssin cnnodtier stiinliri.li Dc 3cea. nn cde dc ni$te .n in u R. s s
in anunite
itjinie
se
Fredeazn
lr. ruizun chirr a 6i!i,n'brni br.
,^"-
"
dr..f r, d.
rr!!
r- -.,!
ir.
;
51'
rar$i inpot E xnor ernr!"le $sterl
si
1 lindecn pc
cei cus s ar tt,qt
rr clr mli sc ri rim!,r h.ebur sn 3e .rgsiizeze
ii
F vor orgrnrz.,
,rr,L ilirl.liri llcadediel Rep!6licii P.pur'E Ronane, disculii .senini.
prr obieciivelor de alnN
ri
netodelo. d.
rh al dire.itelor
triinlc,
, r.neiiic cderirile
,riintei
sovierice: si r atNru i4 ca si puten
n fin bignt.rl de scant ri aricirirrle
!. itr dru dildiielor discipriie nr U. R. S. S., nr xna disculilnil.r .n!rc
n s.Jic. A.ce rea fo.ftqE a iNlielor inlilinlrtc llc
rdrntel
sovrelicc
i {'nri! dc nsnslFa tcncinrcn
.ctare si i" viF pracricn, inrtuie $u
F,,l6ind. dni lucr:ifile t.vsisrlui Sblin 3s!rm
tni
lonelor dc lln
rrnici. nivnFiu le c se imrun ninlii oricntui on le
+llnln.
ftbu d
inbrniintln iein@id ludrnrlc in -{ca.lamir R. P. R.
ri
in t..te I'rsri
drn t?h noashd. schlnbul dc pnrerr ih chestiunile
.Ljjtrtificc.
c.ili.. ribei, nrm.aun sr fie o prrie inte9rn6 a nnncii sriin
Nin 3i si rs]rjlstu vederile cronale,
li tuihilir infl&ntr ldeologtet bdghe?c
ri
si ientiien sctivitares
iiiniilici l. ni inall nivcl de prticiFirlttrle. l-upta olinlilor
jn
FiinF
r D.tezi crle. dcsvoriirii cclo! nai inilntnt
jdcii
r ingidui
jucRarm
,riizirilor oanennor de siiinln: va fic. si pmgtkze aeririle sliiltci.
inscmnrt? sarcini alc Acaitenjet Rcpublicjl Por rrc
trnml de drreul n. r cun.asle ce s'3 sois
ir cx*2 sriiiti r nxEifr lcnlnisnsrrlinismulul. aprtclEa ii pEctjc.
riiitirici 3 gnndirii ndxkl lrijnist strliiiste. in krb
ntuble)nele
dc
ln ordin. Slridari.
!e
ciE o wr depnx!
'
I moii de 3ijrnli
Fcnb!
r si iisutl dii ce itr e lrij iemcinic inritrurilc
funlj. rczohdrri cu srcc$ ,
rlroblencror
s!dirliritl, dar
i rd. .r: silinrr sn 3jnr. l.
l3rtjcilo
k ridicaiu mDdilinDilor d. vi.aui r celor
! ,
i
qdd4ei
ei si o,lrli! cr .exs
ci vr ri, r ri ciir ?' o.too,il,i n!irin tr
ciiori. la dearea unei inale conFtiinte erntenGli,
'
unei i"li: mncellii
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aiou
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p.l""t .n."
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ite ccrcetsre
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pFgftetle dnmul
nnei n.i inllorii a etiinicl
s trn,. r" .Uiun-.ro
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l^a,,"...
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t-abu
'od
m'rqrdrl
.ur"r
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st ;-**'-tt
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*"I"id- din tredt inrnn'rtnd
cea e mNtitue *rrtusi3 fo4crr
retrograde care $ deromat ibtginc'
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pror
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car. re triin
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kqituri ctr i:tur i rii ,
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ln
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mu.r
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c'z1Ii'-
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-ic
scicntiricr',
1050 cu litlul ri2iole'ii
=i
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"cestai
ttur'sor
slnt ci in strt'lc Unii'
i*i..
"e ".
r"*'r'""
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.'r
prasilirea niritdn oamenii dc
atiinF
*"-"'"',,,r.-*+t
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ii a"ia"
F,oqu"utli
ei
d tibertdlii
*te
$iinto
tn stxjbd
tatn s clocn*. dotr' tahere: t@? r
rncii
denoc$
sndust dc U R S s,
$i
tceer s inpari3llsnulni'
Iali
!o,1tu
@ sllin!' no&e.r:i iEbuc
st lupte
leitru
! ,.,s'ntr, du.And o lupti nc4u!nic.r. Jn conlrr rcrctilnij i4dialisie,
r !, ftr hr.brici rizt!i.!.. calilalistei .a h.buc sn fis deci nililanri
Ii .r coDhrlt fir! soviire
ps?udoriihl. b!.snut, iddlknal, nisiicis
, , r,soxr.niisnnl. all care pqrilcsc rcrenrt dc ls$ilne Impotdvl
Lrr r,ii $vit!.e si r ttilor c! denocrrlie
lop'nart, lerttu
a'lnuPs
'
Li ririu a bombei stcnlcc
9i
a loBnclor hictedenc
(tD
dc
rtiintn !e
crrc poporul n.stru nur.itor il ere, est. c.r@
r r rli n, sltrjba ad.vnrulL,i. cste annl cara isi
lune
e{oienta h slujta
! fu(i
I)..hu
cN el lupral
,| i,ilcFcDdenla
topodelor,
paccl ond Cc
+lijnF
cilrc orc p.porul
uarilo iilindc Lralele, 6te conbrtutul igilcnt
lcniru
biufrful ns
r I r rdcvituri pe crie nunri gtiinlr nanisl leninisr's1tllnistn rjutn
I r' descop.jr,
ldtru
lincle
lolorului
i.tteg.
Dir cde
'rnhta
roz'n6 ci lersres toltrilulli stalin ,Ilrxiwll
3k in*Ennbto istorici n! nuri
rmrn
d4-
, i,Lir cin to.t ranuril.. Cn .
lre.izi
e in adcvi. geni.lt, accstc in-
,h d,iri sunl nn indrpt3r pentitr osaniz.rq nnnsli
tliinlnice
in @le
D i .liferite donenii dc ceretrrc.
ile tctiune,3 vabit in limr sidpli
d[ l.mi, pmprie luj Fili sn se rrstittre spaiarisrlor in cleslinnil. se
nrre si dc aninnnt cl rlumi
r-notril. i$artsnld st,lnr. 6re dcsolti
Functul
de tdeE nrnisl
^i
L
ir*
r.rulri
ri
bcltli
etiinlei
iD ev.lntia s.cietilii, ilcs.rid o indsn
j 1.lrciivn nn nnnsi o.nenilor dc gtiinli soviclici, ci
dr it c. petuljndeni, penh!. frunci Ddnict, in ndnele socialishllui.
I unclc c.nunisnurur, ir run.lc nn.nitiiii.
lr lu 3
!e.re
clas. nrieitoale dela )oi. mndusi de
P'fridnr M'n
{i L.* Ronin, o ducc
lenba
con tuiFa s.cirlisnnlli in mnitiliunile
! ,lrlurii prolctr&. n,rn$1un llrrns-dni Strlin o ajrtt si
crllrc*cir
| !,1 si st n.arei nli releite
lenht
consolidarca
Ei rjuli in sceltsi lint si se plccizee mrul
tliinlci
rDrriindire
!e
6r re tmsen dln crnmrtner rucdriror
tov.ri,5nkr
lxlil p,:iviiorr. h lingvGticit, s
! ).tri d? sliirti. li o nnnci n3i peisetemnta in insuijr.'
mrrxisn tc
ri risDstahrisnlui. r l]daneni tminic al
tliinlci,
niiloc sisxr ln d6m
I
rh{ legilor ddvolt:i i miniii
ni
societnlrir, rnn a deritutui ftcllD
r r,lncitoirc i omcririi
IIII,I]I,
Si
INS]'TINI.TATI'.{. LUCIiARILOR LUI I- V. STALIN
CI' PRIVIR]I L-{ LINGV]STI$ PNNTNU
D]JSVOLTARIA ]IATDtIAI,ISiIULUI DIALECTIC
SI
IIATDRIALISMULUI ISTORIC
)I B. ]TITIN
l,e zi G tece dell publi.trer bdirilor lli L V, Siarin tu
lrivlre
l3
rr,bkrele
lilgvisticai, apm iot rai cvldmtt ibens. ihtunn&ie 5 a@3-
! r luc.nn. Ele
'0.
lnscije o prgtnt de ru in tstnnl
rtiln9oi
ntrnsi
Dqrn cm se
stic,
mdt l&ri'i a.lc tui l. v. Stalin @Ntille uD
luict
cDtiiud in llsvisticr sovieucd. Ele dau o sobtt pFfuiti nr*istn
rfuhtrmct
niiurii locide a linllt, a s$ucturli tr elenenielo. el conpo.
sr)r,
I
e de o pafto,
ii
dirl*tcte t rltorla,le
rl
jd8@nele
dj cldi, pe d.
'lii
lxltc.
El snrrun uei dluce nlntcitoqe falselc coneptii o
lrivn.
r' li'rLn c supmslructurd, eu privlft l.
,,caractaai
de clmt' al hnbii
rr[.^ncterizEzi ]egile inteme de d.svoltare a limbii, hodlficnrjb 4]e
r
rrnlu.
ln linbn i'i cuNl desvoltirii ist rie m unaE i lesiturilor
r r. poFar.. Ir sriirtit, elc emderzt problenc cun erte acc$
r h
rtrrulli
dinhe limbn
ti
pioduclid. dinlre limlrn
9i
gandiE,
!rcblcnc
.lnt
d hD.rtanre cun .ste ac.e, a brzei linbllor rusd
sl
u.ralneani, cr..
^t
$r iczrlr r.oEltc orern fin$ljliLf djn rcaie
lirire
a bui cd idcviimt
rrLi'4iricn lcDrE
nui.r lor sub tGte aspdtclc ci
sc
Forts
r.d.a d. pe
lcum cdt de rodnicn .sic inriu fer hdiritf
Flor
doelale iD u. R s. s., in
firile
de dcn.crilie popnhrn, in Republici
PoFd3ri ChinezA Fi
inb'u, nxn de rllc
lili.
Innctnl dc rcder. infi.
liial
dd iezele
ei
mmluiile lui I. v. sirlin a
rius
caFt rechilor coic.prii
rd$rlzriose
9i
dosnelor
stsit
caE ad donnit nnui lrcnc tn In'
3'i8ti.a
$vietlci
ti
a ina]l8xrli r fa^ rodnici qi
bogrtn h r.,ulhle in
dcsvolts'ta rcestci foar.! inFrlrnie rmuri r- stiintei.
Lucririle lni I v,
stalin in prDblcnclc linsvisticei su rla! o mtu
jnrlu.ntn
,s!n sliinlei
litr8aisriei in
!ix'c
de dmo.r4ie
lopul'rn.
srlr nrauaF dirccd a scs.
br rnderi a incepnr si se d*fntlre in ,&$e
lnri
o intensn 3c!n E tlc
atoriilolide'Ljstedet.lf.lur
nuenFior teriei rli Mrrr carc exishn n, accrrti sliiifi in l,olonir. R.
ndnia, Bllgrtu, Cdh.slofeia, ei!. De rscmena, a inceFft sn se d6rt
qun o n,rensi mlncn poz ivn pcrrtu urudrl tcli
tnndirli dint& llDrrile dc clrc.t3r
reniru
limurir.
8'uclnrit
E'omd.ah
r rimlii bhi'ne a rinbit u'sd.,
F.nru
dcsrirui,
&3 hsftu.iror fecurde care ru e
pop.rFle
shre tinD dc frrnt. secor..
Tsile d
rlivb"
lr ljrnbr. ddrclbtc de L v. $arin in
'nfimcle
luenri,
oD:titne . o innard
9i
o amlln ileslaltare mj dqrr'le r concelte]or
.il t
yadlll
slllitr Ja Mpit de a.este
lloblme
in i.r rosuI xcuvi
hpi dn se
tiie,
r. v. slllii r de${lbl reoria si proElmd tolre.
lls ln
Frotlen.
,ariomln,
ni,
p.ntru ihtdi! orri in
tiiinJz
socidii, a dni
o delinilie clasjcn natiunii. .,Na|nlneo , sris tovarLul slrliD ir
7s13
-
4t . anuntdte stdbiLd .t an ne i,
'stafi.ette
tunstihlnd
,i
@c a taar
liintd rtc
tnzt tu1runit6.1ii .te n hn, d. t.titdilt, tL rieatn
eturchica
|i
n
fudttd lsihicn,.e
se haniljtii in cantbn&.4 ndttni..
I. Shln,. orm rol 2. ed rusn,
Fas
296')
onnerlte i'r a(rsli .lcfiDi-rjc. lrlr allrte
-
srrrnnaTn iovdisul s1rlin njr tstc s iciell peltru dcflDircr na'
ra lurt. nr rDsnhlul lor na dan o ita
irnilie .ompktn
ri
dddviii,tt s naliunii DrIi cufr ee
eiic
.easin dc'
finilia a D.tiu,ii s iislnnal o nde drcdtrc I
-stiinlei
M'iistl'ninisie
ijl a devcrii tenelia. baTr t{relici
n
niru rezorvar
justi
I raturor
celodrltc pmblehe lcga& dc
pronena naliondn,
ldnru
daborarel
P'
ffui rrrtidllnj E lFric in pnbldr nrlionarn. Din rcelsti d.rinilie a
naliunii Enrin cn cmmildial dd lirnbd .ne nad.lin ftn&1rn.
n..,fl".
9i
ctucteti.tice ol2
^otinii
Bazi'd! t
!.
restn ddintlie r t"ldnii
1 D I, lxoa
fted)
,r
1,
,!r sernr de inpodanla
Fe
care orre o llmbd unicn in vi41r
ti,,-
riLihlilor si trrliuiilor, ne putefr d" sor d. munca i frdlvnr nri6n
1, ,]tmcnlul dcsroltirli lifrbilf nslionrle, . desmltirii utr.i culturi Drlio-
ixr. tu fornl
ii
tu.ialG!. cr
j.rd,
Do
.xie r inslirrt.
ri
orsanizrt o
''{dul
Bols.rjc in ftsinut sor'rclic.
!i,lsitater
9i
caractlrul dnnDitor at .once-Dtiilor lui NrD rsuprr
, rii,
ir
anlnc, imbr4 ri bii o slpr.srrdciurti, tcDri3 luj Mrrr ctr
r limbir,, crau tidroLrrr[ nr rnpr_ d pn
!,o + vcdr fo,rtc dsr rom impriiivr tL{riei bolslie asuprr mliliji,
i,
rrnliva lrirciFiilf
definilni stlrnist. a r4iu i corc{iiilc tui Mrrr
!r(, deci i" d.srord.u punctlldc redlD bolrcvic in
rrobl.ra
nrlio-
nLri rf.i cu:rid sau n,i ia,iu ac.rsti co rh adict ie di"ha t4ora hot:..
lirii 3n'!rr i.r,iuhii
ti
linslht
! rii tnrir.
si
dlcn lovrrisnl slalin a dcmls.i rdcnxi acun, tu .tdrr
rri
uDzi(e;i .onsvc4q mncorline dinnito"r. dc tui nrr in donc.
nrge diNl drn &lc spus. mi ss, fintd
I rqlt,iii incontestabjl resar ii c.Nrnisnutui
jn
I t s s. T.cmai rdnn, ctrd in fata tuluror
nolo.rlt.r
djn uniunea
ji
\iijcn Jan d.schis .rizorluri roi si pcEreclive mnn.sta itr lesihr.:i
ifji ii limbire nationalc I rrirs in r.lrbti.ile sDl,i!1ia un inxlt nivll,
atn a li(grisrjccj deoircc rtulnrclca nr
Dn,i a aestoi mmdi a
+in'tci
sisl(nj1 o prjhrjdje
,rcDrru !.!sl,csut
nj rbriqilo. soahric. i)r dohonill .ltturji. Tovrrisd stdi, are na.er.
r ft isrodc cr a ri adns tingl.Grica
!c
dtunul c.t bri. htr,rdedr nu
I
^
r!1.a crridi o diejFtinn
iliintifi:n
pc prnrcifii
frle. ctr cai vjc.ta ere!
eDtiitoi dc byn ab tinsvjsricer tui Md.
r iLlit nai nurt discir.tii tui Mor. nr spleilt !.cir c.rc in U.R.s S
r.1l!,rn in rh c. insrirnrilror c'r. se cculau,te tirlgvislki, nu pcrnirlx
,L dirioi ribri, vjc md cn Dkdlia nsuprs prohlmelor liiglisrjccij can.
lrimhbrc!tndnribhiI,vS1aliI'.deschis
T rt &cstca Dc rrdn iri4inea ideologici la ora gccid h'i Sirli'r r
r !lcxi3tiihl3
in u. R. s. s.iele nc $att. de *meNr, e oncilji
rri.hrjo.
!.wa
$ciarisnnr pm1ru
o cMtie iirr'adcvnr fcdrdn, dii'rtiri.ii, 4
, r(rfr rdsi deshid. nr riF nnEFei st
'4c
o orrdd,t srn'ii cm
..re *iil}3 nu r. o ,rujii.i i bosnrr.
n ca'r *.e
]roirc
consacr" ir inrrcsn'r
ele nsslor popular..
r,rcnrilc" d. h,fljsijcii rpiirtrle nr urinnij r i h strt l. rhi!. trtc
lrr.ricci mnsiiruc
Drrcn
o cotrfir trr. cxprcsi r conlmsrrlui cric cxtsrn
eriinJei
in uRs.s
ti
s1@a
rtjn,Fi
in
lirile
csfl
1949 a a,pint la Ncw Yoi* o clrtc intin el' L',,rd
?.li,t.d,
scrisn de nn grup
'le
I xncricani ln lrute cu
stlar ciir(i rrnegi tn leL
ii
chip
,,i.!cca'
ci linlra in
seDl}al
si
,,linba
r)urerii"
ii sp.cial posdi o j f.rtt hrgict' Areili
,,ribsoli'
isi pr.lux
eodc
senehli
a lrnrrii cx iN1tund't al
9i
dsen'r're
iEbue sn ajunsn cnreYr
la*tu
q
,.s:i
lBiere i.h'o carte v.lminorsi. cu nn tr de soiozilale
lntr'o rorba
*in,!llicn. rroblema ,.ro4er
dreic! r linbii m
,
irstn'ncrt
ar p!&rii l clm si nu
li
thinbsti ti lesihdi.u rcstr dr icoriib txr
ba!.
ri
stnlide ale celor tle icalr lui Biil.r, cloe)rbels
ii
Ro!.nlrers des
,re
mjtun, ddD,! rcld nnuitici
ri
n3siei ir istorje, d6!re inportrila
,.o.
.
,i
.:
nr
*.i
cn acclari sldliil rdsin.s r*calli
ti
eredtiila accsior I'clrci sav.nti'
Dopn cun m slns nai inaiit
v Slijn
..ndiiDe
c aclirbie penhu , Idnst
Pcioad;
isb
nct Insmnilrier Kesior lucrnt delitcaid trst er mulr cidrul rgvtr'
iic'i, .re oNtille . mniribulic de cer d3i mrc iDp.rlrnrd l. desor
1!e. iDtftgei stiirte snillc dssebit de mE cst inportan!! lor
]rcr
itu .:srtiare. fr3i dqutc R nrteriillsdului dirlctic si , nabrklis
ncle de rslti lD frla ono*idi lnunnri
scr.
nepnbliclj P.pdarc Ronane o fomelzn tocnat
Tr.bue sn
PrcciH
intn d]o ir
nictdecuE si batez u 1or{t rnnrunliDea a'ersit 1.ni in
"drul
a@shi
sonrniciri, deoarecc
rc*1 luctu d e
loit
lac. i r'o siiglri cdnu
nrre IIn loiu o.!ps d.ci {i Nbri de caics pFblcmc ft'ndmlnhle
c,r@Drir naterididi a islciei estc uDr diD narire descolenri rlL'
glilnls socixli. Se
potr1e lnuc cd oda1n.u ea a hut nist.rc in aclvnh
iul ii!.Ls al culn.h ni,
tuiil.
so.iali
Pnnn la Mrx. islDn. iLr intrqal ci
ti
ra$DcD.le vislii sociilc. in
i.*
-*"
1.*
*ti'o.
"pi;usb
are
'ctiviinli
oanmiror, liri sn
se
rr accst.
'trotive,
cc .nune sin h blzl
dr
trivitn
do,r
i Ddulrr,'i de ofii, rrgi p! ciLid adrvnralii riuitoli ri
jslorici
con4ir nnnqit Du rau ru4i i, omids
,
rr,
,i
ri
"
.rr. d- r.ri ,p.-cr. i.
orbi nn
r*e.
lj de o ntLesere re,ln r
L.r Ln, rielit iddnq . lasilor t
trrn o( imens numi. de lipre
ir56
rliinlt
a vielii socialc n'o existzt
dc pldn .rc Btoricilor rmncczi dh cpodr
rr'lrurrlirt Cuizot. isnet Auslstin Thieuy
-
o privira h cartc
r {l de clrsi rl inonnelor srialc, sar ltrltut cn fruii d.no.mti re
i,i4ionari rati Hd1en, cehiecwchi, DobrDliubov
-
sau nrropirt
n au purui si schinri
rn,i.nl pc crrc I an nrfnlisai nai insirh.lstoria a ritois. d. frpi, neex
I
flrii, Icsile vietii Gtorice rru nxi descoperiic
nxiinderer naterlrllsmulli h fenonoole vrelii scial. a onenirii a
'irtai,
pmp ! zrs, penllu intak oarn s$inla dcsprc sciei&G Ia tmrpt3
&i siiinit. CEind ieo a nrterialisnulut istorlc, Il.a
ri
Engels ru 3i
vi,r.iit o revolutie in sliirtt. inrrnand
F
o,ncnit nuncn cn nerodr
'n
l,r!?Jli losjLr fenonerelor *ciare
Caracterizlnd
ins.nnilatq
concepli.l naiei.lhtc . isioiei, L V.
shli', &mtn cn
,, $tii"tt
isturni so.;.tdlii
podte
d.La| . t dtd .a
rLtirda knannetd
ri.tii exiute, o stiinfi Iat dtit de .tuatd u bio.
r,qi6, tL
tndn,
o
liinld
.apabiLn dc d
lobn
in proricd tcsite .t stoxdtii
v\itdtiin (cuts
t s.ut+ .te istotie d Pd,tid1tui aonunist
(bat$e6c)
ot
r/it6,i S.!&tic.j en dsn,
9
104
,).
Aesti niiun
|cjc'o'tiiD'idactnca.stiit!ncareperni1fo]osn
lilo'
rslo.rer in .cllrtaior pl'cnci. 2r'ti l! @ tnilline rrdica narxh
Drcn rai e hevoie sn dov.din cd
*ilnJr
socialn a devenii o
rtii,4d
ricliL srft ne penit. sii
]ri1rurd.n
i,rriadevir inltuidll.a eonDl.xn r
rqDmenctor sociale, si d$co.erin leqile fcnon Ddor care !! ,N la utr
mfir.n! d:Lt
ri
sn sr'bilin .um se vor desfisur evenlnert b n viin!.
i
vrdcm cum
tr
cc trebue si f,cn ndsele populrE potiivil .tr rt,s{.
.rlL
ale mehuht islr.iel, relei. daci h,i c nevoie ei divenrm r@slr3cru,
r Laiin,i r. v si,tln, erdirne o dovadn sbnllcitn
I{ale.irtjsnul
jBtoric,
ca oricc sliinF, aB o serie de trotitrni iuMa
neriale, de cat gorli lundaner
,olirDi *nriale are
."bv"',"'l*r.-..'
P-f-i ,"..-"r 4
t,itrt., k nlia.rcnd-"r
l..ri"_
d! t39.
-
1"- ir',
istoriei, NIr.x dehietre }[n si sdlhstrucrula
l'in
nrnnioareh eli.rel
,I't t
odk
jiu
so.iald I ri.fi Lr _
a soh M,ry _
os@
ji
i,rrd rn
4tolii deta-tilunc, rc@stq intLpddate
t @ilta t
t
ii rcLdtii de
pvtu4ie etu .rt4pnn11 unei on lnit be?te 12 d^Ntthe a
tai.tn
L- nardiab n prad
4i.
rokiiturea acstat retotii n2
Tnodncti.
@n
nitl. srltchia nrcnicd t stcieratii, bdzo Ean pe c.re e *aicn o *.
pnsttuatutd jutitt:i.ti
ti t
t*icn
ti
cntda ii euespnnd atuniJe
lutne
de
Mttiita to.i'td" (x ]{dr si F D.ge1s, oF," rdtse. ,ol. r. cc. run.
Din .&dn ddirdti. reTxh cn, dnln Mxrx, baza $cietifii o tor_
neazn btrtitirer r.hli r dc
!.odnc1i.,
$u. cu au! cuviii. 3.tuclnn
Ro(omicn r socieliiii. Dlni r4ax p. rc.r{i }ui
p
ridicn in3iiiutiile
juidi@,
lorifice
si torntcrc corcspDnzniode dc consriiri! sociari Acese
t'a fhdansntar. despre rrazti si *Utrsltuctun sdnr descDri &pdrtc
,i
desaoltate in ,lie olTe ale lli ]Ixh
ri
Erseis. Astftr. trrsels 3 scrisl
,,
. tiadtnra .N.aainnli u sa.bani din
liecnft
et)a.ii ddtd d \r tc LMr
rau
rnin
(k
Nnfei
ltatttetdti
e erptici i^ r iatd, hstontd iah.crra st
I)'osktctrtd J.htoti,
d. brdiftn in:ututinar
iutitliNc
,i ltoftite, r,te
cu,t
Fi
n Nrker4inat Elitria6.,
fiLsoti@
ri dtete, din
fi.cao rckadd
i.idi'd ddai (K.
rrrn
9i
F. Enscrs. or4E, alt x!v. ed rDSi,
!.
25)
Di'r rest
r$rj
rezulli 3t brzr rldli r sociliilii o tonnea:i slrxc.
tn.s oi .co.oilici!
ri
.i sdp.stecruli]a sociDrnlii b otrsrtu.r dupr
Fa.
siiiutiilor
juridr
rentnL a ie lrce
hrzr si suprNr!.hrn.
Ne &fcrim la lcisoarer sa
citrc Bl.ch din 1330. ln .esri scrisoaE, E1r3?ts i so.is:
,tirrdrs
ecanmid canstttue bdrat .tat ostpt d.tiqafitit
rupt6 istui.
intk@n
rcai,
ti
in natte d.a'i detnrnitui.
nsi et s tatua ei, ilqdiie .tanate
tumcte eot
i@ dt l,rytei de .tnsd g renltotck
.i @nhliit institde d. d6d itinsaoda .tqtd rcthaaat ll.c
,\ta .tc
thade
jkirti.e
si cri@ t
tt{td\
tatod. d^ks |1tptu
tnh ,r alinttu pu'ttdLortitti,
tedit matice,
j$idie,
t'itasolie,
tun-
lrttiik rNtisixsc
;i
t,.sxntufta
t.t Luciaatit intru sisth n n
sne,,
r&st. 1.3 de rui Enscls deri(es i, m.d min
tt
cer e i,r}tes!
ir
ritr
callgorJs suprastfduri. Din sulrsltuctu.n.
duti cun rcden
r,r
Jrx{.:
lornetE polithe
.te hpr-Ai c: chji, fornch jnddice,
@ne!_
lih lfuriri.c,
filosofio, retisioase
clc.
,\cesle tse .l! tul ar: si Drgels despre bazi
9i
snrjra*ncrurn au
'
r rdoPbie de roli adeplii sr d
-
,
\.
d m
e3.!.
!?r. 3u ddr._
rrlrn co trzie
ti
Jr
rcsre nohini rte natdia]lsnnrni ision
,
de,ar!.
rj(du lo in ,nrrc nisurn. Kaursky, otro Bau.r, Max Adrcr, B.adrnov.r
,l-.
-,- -""e!!".,r
i!:t6i6
idin
;j
sirlil nu
rlrliai@
n xlsnutui i,
df an si dcsrolrar mri da!*ta ideite rrft de drrin.
ci
I.sP.s 5nAhi. 6rl. sfr r.
rd,r hurli atcnlje
Fturrrcnei
b3zui
9i
rr.slrctuil &tfel, incii ir 1334 ir lucrar3 ce ,rnr
llrtar?rii
p
rrtttti,
ti
cun kat;i ei iinlsttio so.ii,.d.mddlto,,
ft.nnd
!.at rr
I
tl.r din niscocirire subieciivjsre antislihtifie, trFiie dc.rj6
y,.
schi m pr,ivild la Llorj. $cie$!i| sllr
ri,ind crronniire debibre de 4esra ts adEsa nrxisnldui, v. r. rsir
r rri{voliai cnn nu se porte
nd chr, ideil rundancntale
,te e(ep!i4i
A.atizdnc ontinftul @tebri
lErek
r lui M.ry L
ti.t ca"h ala b titi.a Tonatizi
,oriiice,
t-enin ;lune ci idea
rxrinrlsnLhi
ir
rii r. e pani ta Dtgiite ole roi snapb dir wid.are, mlrtiirc de
I
or!.1ie, smi.rigii idealisti, alucendu sc si ccrcctez. tomelc
tntific..
L
ldne d ideotosic.,
sc izbean ds r,phl cr ere se nasc din bnr|iinla o,
.,
rridrc
ta euFr. ap itGi rutnrnr iestor to.ne s, hlnfdhru con
r i,o" . ..-" ,.,".,
o.iale igi ru o.igine.
in @ndilijtc narc
' '
r ile vrDlii .rnorild. er halizcazi u!ur. mesio. mnditji il,erieh
.saci,b1itt k t
l.nt
o11\
ranii
tt'1 1'tb tunktntc 1ntrc
td."t|c'|,t"
invrt@tc
i
c|r. ncrnrfitl^].
in relea& tu tpticat.i a
tdo1nheLa
saciale (ti
a.ea*d
i
etrc idn.ino
snbiectilistnufut in s.eiatoste); ej n au
$rd
sd
sds.ascd
b c,ittia abi+
t'i pctttu d put
a
l@e
ac.zsrd d&s.uz. Mdretioti.,nut a oletit un 6i
tent n desduiBnz .bt!.r
,
.t.sp''nzaan
,,raponuhb
d.
zrultclid,
u
stflctutd d sa.i.rtitii
ti
uaind
zasibiriati
d. a sa a icd dcattat rcpd.
tuti nnitut stitntitic
4tue'at at
'cwtdtil,
o .dtui a cabnxatu in so.i.,
t49ie efo nendtd tte subiectb4tfi ( kniq orez, vot.
1
ed. nBn,
F
r 22
)
r
)
v. r. t orn aBrn lj)oi cti .nltlza relatiilor de
!tudnclie
din ecicLre.
s,isialarcr lchenrdut
dc Epeta&
9i
reglrarikt in rtaliirc
de
!ro.
daciie din dtfeit re
Fr|
. &r r3r:imntui p.sirbilitlle. si stilileascn
ux ditr ele nai rmpdtanre noliuni de @nccFlid n3+srialisre a rsi.ncj.
noJiunea de
/.-'dlie
sondri vcden, de.i, e iuxn imporrrntr r ac.r
dai knin noriunit Fr'4iild
dc
rmductie
dh socrerale. stracrurlr eco:o.
nic , sccidiilii, cu .lre crvinlc b?zei pe care lar stlbirit
ji'lR
i'
P,.ftta ta tiea
.c.ntibrtii
to Ditid 4honiei
r,oritie,
ub resi mgrrin dc reddc c(tr,r,
rur rr.d El .ra6 cn Max
,...c<priceDd
sr?.r"rd
rr.rcsu*@ed f@o
tiai eciltt tespectite cxctusi\
r'ia
f?.ltiae de
r,'rd
eli., o umirft tnali
pEtukndni
ri
in
j)e
@drli tujtashadurit
relatii d.
r)ftnucli!
dn^tl schitzhtrzi oane
ri
s&s" . Tohd dc a@e. a
lvut Cdztr,tul uD e cH aiti de hm, tocmri de re$a a
jrhal
nr istoic
.. lna din ele oli nnr4e olde rre ghitrhi on ncs, nLsnhd cribc
rirar ornonil.r nucii de sub
j!s!l
Lsryririi ffirle
Fi
p.liticc
rtlan a infniitrl ir CaF rnht iiiftsgt roh4ie c.tilalislt r
$cjctilii rs d'n 61. cr
,d
astertele ctistent.i ei znniE, ta naniles
td,it s..iate .o^mte ale ontehis, dar dhnft cl6e. h?nnc r:tatiat r
.te
tttht.tie,
. rqtosttuctud
zotitin
burqhe.d mte lstine dminolid
ctaei .4rpitolistitf, ct ibl.. brrlh.ze tkstt ttbalnte, esattde, et.
,
m
tekiiib bur!1heze d.
fmiti.'
(Lenin,
Or.re, v.l. 1,cd.nsd, p. 124)1).
r& rtuici, corcepli. n'terixl(ti . istoriei a devdil. d
pn exprcsia lui
ktu sinoninnl slii.iei s.cr.lc chiar si cin 3c4te rpF.i.ri ale lui I?
li
rtub.-dd
br
'
"i
8uD .
tiird cel nri t!. cun.scnbr .1 oreElor lui ltux, Ensel$ s, I.iin.
sprjiirind! s pe intregul lor tzsnr tcoratic. slnrotizArd n, nod R.tor
experienla kt rtei conhnl.rne si
nisnun,lnrURS.S.
rD rucrirr sa D'str.
'.arsidri:ed
d,alecth
ti
rtdtatidknd isk)
'(
L V. St.lin r drl o delinitie conlleli lDntoarcld loJinni fundr
r, I rxrc rrc mtdirrisnllli istoric: ondiuire vhlri nl1dbre a sd.irri .
'
,rnra sFst r onditi,, n dul de psdnc9ie 3 rrunntlor natarale r.le do.
.ii!1ii
-
rrctorul principdl
jh
lkt nd .ondiliilor vlctii
'aterirL
! sd
L'1ii Dotiuner dc ro4e de pcdnclic si noti!&' dc rel.ln dc pro
!rr1ir. preun
tr
.ele trei p8tiolarilili ale prodlcti.i. I v. sl.lin .
rdrmi roarte ddnmlii noliunilc d. *htenli sccjsln
si
de coiriri4n
, {jini prun
ri lrobrmt
Nrului ideilor in dcali
erialism ui istoric, epurar.r lor dc
Alrr
lltiDismnlui d. dfli,tul'irile Ia c.t lc a! s,pns triditoti naqi!
'
Dh,i,
rrece
si desaj ea lor de onluir care .m destul de lnspandlu
r.rJ,tic l. dpsr.ltxh ieoriei nr&rirlisllL'i istoric.
^d'n.
in luoirile
{ D.niE rr rjrgvjsrtc4 ldrisul sbrin ! de$oltd tub roate asp.lrele
ri
suprMctdil, cor.ldir r.r dialedici,
?roblDfrr
i ,L!'i lor
'n
vierla socialn.
kn, r. v. slrri. di uhdhbr defi
I
Li.
drsicn Lazi sr epusimctur :
,.:d sluDe L V Sislin
-
dst .'rdrt a efudntca a socidnl)i
nt)i ertqi tt&n d dz:mtnii ei suptntruc,j',n *nt.anegine pnti
tr'.
irridix,
ftti!ti.,6e, arrkti@,
til/relice
dk sa.i.tdlii
ti
i^sLitdinc
t)
Iit;ej
juAdie
ti
uteldhe, car$pu zdtaae 1a1''
(L v. Stdin. Itra.rts
rnt si prabten.le
tingtis1i.ii, liditlm dc shl p\na rjreraturi poliir.i.
h aoasti delinitie
, i {ft nrLn olrcr! doun B.rcnre: prorxrcur istorism de cxra Fsb
!a
r Dsr im?sln dcfnrilic si raptul cn r v strrin consideE cr slFrlrnlc
r r.'r si n,sflturiire poritice.
juidi4
ti
cehr.rre cor.sDuizirorra .oi.ep
I
iri idmrogim cnlnenr. nai inrinie.
rslorisnur dlrinitiei r,,i slrri. a
d i r d.svolinrii ;Fe,-ii ci nu .xisri o sinsrrt
sihgun suprri.b.iud a nnrcgci isrii .
, rirrii. sc
FrL
spnn. ci isrorir sociei:itii cste istorb ditdileto. !'
ccd unele dupn rri.le, ktoir dir. t.l.r
sciclilii su a djlditcror bt.
ti
I dilditelor
suplasirchri carc se nodificn dnp!.e se nodilici b.*le
sulrshudnrjl.
-
ara1n tovarilul S1r]h
-
$nt g.ncrare do h'i
si sc Dodilitt in l.q nrd .u nodiricam h'ei Ar li iisn
gresit si e
crerdn on
orrslrudia
nu r,e declf nn ror
!
iv nr detF soDirl4 t6
flectind .toar nodjti.inle bsei Dnpoirni, in ileplnrn concoramli cu
leAile src.Tf,ei @t'ialislc a isi..iei, toruitan Stalin sbliiiut ia'
po$rntnl ml aetir 5l sDlrah.tuii ccnerrlt ita brzi, tuIrNtmstua,
odaE r!iru1i,
jodi
ll rindur ei ur imlntunt ror h
'sbnq
aFiard cr
baz! sr sn capelc lormi
ti
!i * cohs.lideze
sbrialitrii mlsrri tn ftgnl r.lul acllv al snprslnclurii. Ce a tc'
zultat
'lc
aci, te ved. clar din exenxpbl
,pononislilor"
rnti, din
leriordr
cend r in@pui sn ir iatkF ni96ra socral dmmatn dir Rasia Dupt
cnn *
rtje.
nia nrnjJii .,ononiiir'
an sustjint Jorb slont8neitttii
"
reduceid luFla
(l6ci
nuhcilorrc nm"i la rcvmdicirilc d caiaci' s
nonic
ti
nesnM astlel necasitst$ rnptei evolniio'm t
lMrlr-'h
ni
lenha
ocairer putrij. Dc amner, ei nu lnielqean
ti
rgsd !!h'l er
duc
'r
Ei
mobiltrt r al tsri.i Fvolulionire in nitcrea nnnciloracn
inbr c& retucean inhcas{ Illtn 3 Nn
jtorilor
l. hptr
lf,nh
u ur lrnn!!
1a lllb
lentn
int*3ele @!onice.
Ren.t sirlrstrlui
-
I<rulshy
ri
tsdlshisl,i
-
at iDrenbi ala
zisr reo,ia a
,.rortclot
dc
!tudn.li-',
lncer.end si itov.deet
r,
bdr
accsiei
,,Lolji'
.i sdialismrl lr veni prst ni t in nod auLn.r in
'rni
^l
a .ar'rr J. .
-..
soic dc nicio lrtta
r,ent.d
smialis4 nu
e ncvoje si fie schirbli .rindrira
lolirici.
A@&qr-rtr
,,ie.
a a f.r!elo! d.
,Ddncti." n&mnr . lotxli rtandonare . narxismului revoltlionr 3i,
in g.rerol, nu rver .inic comn In ffi 4 privdtte baTr
.j fuotstlci. es e bidi3 pe iein!.lcsera
!i
nesarca rorului activ rl tuprt
]Irdle ffrit rl lui v.I' Luln
9i
I v. Strlin cste ci, dchacend
tl
le, vdjnE c cruei clsDi muncitoare, ct
ru arnbr rnaEa iisemintab r tmribi revolulioMre. Lrt nobrlizaio&,
orsl zatoxr3 si lraisfornrt !rc r sce3t i.. Forla ielieritosre s na!.
si nlncit ab n4cregdla d n a cnilor d ba$rarno& rcaor4ionari
Tovarbrl sbrin n. inv4i cn id.ile noi, inriitrle, rcv.rulionlre, cu
crind consriiDrs ssplor htrnci+n^n, .,atsmi*kd ,i
tuabqiz%zd ros.
sete, nas.L ss unesc int?o noud bhatd,.
notitiad,
cmzd o nod
r'!ts.
a)otrtionafi
$
a
Iat
ses.
rhltu
d tupfli d
vk fcld,
vch4o storc d.
hntn in tl to.iut turdlriLu de
y.n
ctie
ri
o stnt'ni o noud stara de
tntnri
(crtsxt
scrtt d. htari. a P@ti tulni Camaat
(boLtcd, ot
rlrr!'ii J,'i?iice, ed. rNi
p.
125)
,).
v. shrin srrtn ci:
,,ra:d
idrai dc eed iri
ti
deerztt aPftsttu.
th'
tDnnL
4 3d
li.
sttjitd .ta suF d3haututd,j pmt .d ed sd
lie
ajr
rtn tti sn capeta
farnd ti
3d s cansotd.ze,
pe tm en sul sttucttn
u rqtu octiD. co t'ed NDIE,
qte
Nid ttdit trLirl,
si
rcdea sa flvn
ttnttrin Nn
lr!
tichiilnte. E s
licxnt
m srptosttuciutt sd, rmrle t4
id fln ojtLrntu d ei, e snliLiznr sn ica.d,
ttc
,s
r,'.iltu.1a ryatute
ddifi d baa sate, pe
Nztti'
nei dtituihi indildate
lt|t
tc d, pe pazilia nei dihtdini .tote
ldin
.]t ct6a, cd ea 3d
1i
pio lii
tttitttn
.si
3d:ir..te.e de d Mi
li
s prns+tuct1ad!
(1.
v. stalin, tIe-
t lr t
ti
ptobktaele lingtisti.ii, cd. rusi, p. 7)
!).
drtr D loriturt sdr.bitoare dierselo'
[]ii si ..C(clrine" dlFn cDe Ftrtul hur!h.z, drcFtul, nor2h nu_
rll'
7ir ir sit dcrmll! cl.lelorj .le
'lnrscn
pinn h cr$t teriilc rrlse
ti
'
r.rnlre 3le s.ciclogilor brrshzi si.r. rcclelDuhr de dreqrir, dupn
,1,.td". In r:nlnile bnryIe?iei inlo diste to*e elcrenteL, Lx1 or
rNt'lille
..re rlctilesc strlushuctu& cipitrlisf
--
fllos]fii burshdn.
'
.ii,
rcrigis. dreful buryhez, rFrrtnl dc 3..t lrurghcz, drv.ls.lc parttdo
rLoi:l:lze sjx,ic lDrgbeze
,
i.ate acestcr $ntu lnsl)fuent de rslFirc
,iri.{ $oialiti spi.iiu.li r fr?ssd.r popnlrr.. toat 3cest.a cohstitua
!L ri . inloillcmului. so\ind planriie s.le hrnpbeje
ii
aq6irc.
r'i r|trivnj dupi n&erea
lxlerir
in nlna ciesei nuncitoarc, iorle rc6te
rlsc nir$la calzi a Inplei
lentn
@n.
12.1. bi I. v. sklin deslranaTn si sllr$truclui, car. ne rl1n cn
aza s., o sllrrtte
!e
.D.!sta. o a:uti st
, ,' 1. r.mn
si
sn sc onsolidczc, ci rpr.stuctu. r! pori rl rutri rr$-t
,l rrii si clrscle cam au gcner.t o ci e, esie pm'i srl rie.nrei !.cc l.
iizrre a isior:ei s.cleiiilij
ni
Jn de.sebi l
.
di.ni.i lkrii &:vorurii s.ci.nsh din cci.nlrrtc.
ri, U. R. S. S a f.st dEsliintitii lrrzr carit.listi r losi crltn o iorli
i(rrirc cmhohici n 6.oi.tn'ii llza s.cixltsti str5 ..nducre. rrr
rrr,Ll,,i tsolrlic . Lst ddliii'tstil vr\.' suFrastrlcbrn capitrlisili si r
I i L,rrxta o su[a mcturi n.n
rr iirii rvdlutionrre r socjelniii, .l luptelor tlc cDsi. d n,sisuririi
ei
ct sr,.,,. cd_ I :mboc
4.,
03.
tdirlkLnul
lsfqir .d cunc u i
!l
tez. int.
Drsvorrend nii d+artc
ti
inbognlnd teoris nfxisrt a baa si s:-
pBdac,f iolrLu
uabs 5" cao*oa_;
I.n.
d'.
".
'
d. sp-sl1cfui. (:
,,rtnDd
-
spnne er
-
n esre qetututd
dz c&e. sa catote bkE
.,Li ldiq.r:.rts
.n o^!i 6,
.J4n!i
,r
'5 ,'
-t
i r,^:3
'r,-":
",.""
1,m""
"q. -n -,rr,. caF
"
* _,,,i p.s"r,,
_
::
"-
i Fas, u
.-..tarcm-..pad-i..
fb .onui .or ischn
inke er
In a.esr eod de a pnre pr.blema
tinhii,
si desvonare a id.! d-.spF rinli, crre a f;sf daborati, de bvds
sirr,1 d"sp.e .J.^ am
.ort:. ,dt
i-3i ts.
In depri"n em danti u d.j,tia isrodcn r nntit, to!3rn$t strltD
.taltlsis .i tinhne de atnzi h! sulr
!tudusn
uid .iigur. cp.ce cat.
ci a unei s.ii inlrest dc ep.e,
";
r:.r,. t.;io*"
-u]l
_ar _"rr a."at
suprr*meturilc,
ci nn ss tichrd.ci odati cu d.srijilarer unej bazo
drre si a suprrsrrudrrit ei. ci bnlinni si sc dc$otle mi d.parlc, pis
tdndu-si stnrhra gllm3iicatn
si f.ndnl p.nrcin.t
Je crrilrc. ihb.sn
to-i. p, r.ts
Ii lu.ririre srre cu
lllviE
la tinsrisici,
I v. Stalii a dll . inrer
prctare dialectico.daterlatisrn
'
nhh ca fenomen so.trt. ]\e,sld con.
*svenlii interrrctare nsterralrstn a tinbfi st indpprari nnp.rri,a lu.
'at a7n desD& oristne,
.,+iritdari,i, ,dj.
rlini , tln[ii. a. eslc indreFtsri ifrpohiu sa zlstor tc.r]t
.psiho),
gice' si
,
s^ci^roei@" despre li,$n c?s flnt riq andirc ir linsa.isricr bur
l[],r
Dcol3inn desiul de largn s hd.i. dc pildn, pi&rile lingvistului
,,1\,1iu F. de $nssnre. ro$vrt i@i fnndraoftrle 3 hl F. dc Saustut
,ii,L si &lcviutui obiccr al linsisricel esie.,Linbr
Driviln
in sine
ri
'nitr sinc El oninpune, dupi dpfeda sa. linsisii.a ..internir'-
soci'lt a linbii crnep|a lui smssure
N rr limbiicsie detrdnilii,,coneDlia
sociohgict rsuD$ Iinb . D. c.:
vdell dmstrn
!!nc
in lcgiiuri in nod sup.r
r (iir lnnbs cu dildi(ii factort istorici, gmsr..rici
$i
psihologjci. Ltfrh3
'' incbh ln sine insutl, rk cnrui Iesi ru
,r,'..sc nr ultlftd
'nalizn.
slda lndividlrl
tsihol.Ekn
. Fpft?entiri
! f,nDlui. Acst
.jtucioldgism
est., prin urmarc, o LTrie idcaljsti dcstll
d! in,ici desFrc lrmb!. Lr hrzr r@stei teorii desFro linbn st' sDciologl;
ihrri:ti kannsno duknciniana.
IIn irt rinsvist cnnoscut, rnneal vcndryds, cu iorte cn .liha ci
rnr
s&sll
si se
prezintc linbr ca un lcl dc cscnli idcali 6re se desvolti
r,,l.En'lent de on si proori! * sih'cazi tnuet
r
c
l[rclll
de vede& lgn.siic, p.t dt cntuis in
scneral
ploblen. origlnii
rinrbii iu poarc li Ezolvrti de not. El irin3 ci llntb cste !n
!rcdls
n psih.iogisl lrdlvituale, u fspt de
Fsinolosie
indlviduaE, ci rndicidle
.i s. pierd in adancu le conitiiDlei indtvldnalc,
oni., LinFisltc.
'l
rl,'grjsticc cc aklari fcli dar, drn 6uz. hkiiilii cn'celJiei lor, din cr@3
udolui vurgar
ri
sinplisi in crra priv.ru
lrotl.ns
ljmbii, ei D'ru lost tn
lovrrli-9rldi Sblii
puica sdDbt o d.sivir.tire .Dncrtiile
r tistiiniiJnc. idcalistc in liDsvisiici.
L V Slxlin
privcsle linbr cr unul dintfe ccl. mai inp.riante lcno
!,:, srci,le, lirn de crre scciebtra omen sci n'ar ptr1er sn existe c,
arate er lifrht sie
! ! triieare intE oanenl
9l
totodali N lnshlncnt ncesar al de*olridi
,.r,ttrrd
-
scrie tola'tutrr sbrin
-
l@e Nte di1
kA.
heLe :"ckh
arr octi tu':n in 1., .utsd enstrlei nc'.,dtii. tto sa tu
te
$
se dB.
trfi.drji m r8tde4
ti.tasratiareo
sa.idnii
, rtnn s"Nindrii. t al,n s.daatii N.inii tinhn D..d.nrnnMr,
) rr .i re r4urtue pat
li
in1?t :e tu oi in .a. t c:.nt Nmt sttt;ata
u I
iitud
indkatubild cu ktaia s..i.talii, c ishtin
r.antui
ci\ti1 ii
apdrti,c tintb. stu.lidld
9i
ette cste Rdatut
,i ?vfitnt
n.est.i tintJi
(J.
V. Starin, tldi'is,ru,
rt l,rrrknet
tintlt]ilticiij ad. tusn,
L
22)\.
interprebe istorrtu natdialistn I lidhii ca
lenonei s.cirl pc ore o di iovrr:5ur sl.lin. Totodrri iovari;ul sb1nl
pdklic rinh. c5 u fen ncn s
in caieg.lh bszelor, nrct in c2rcgoria sprastructuriror, ni.i itr caiegorti
fenobenelor
,,nndmediars"
intre brzr
9t
suFrash.uciun fendhcne .irc,
dupr pirepa sa, rn genom\
nu erhle in societare. Ditr plnctul
de vedere
3r de$oftnrii rcoriei roare a.cste bze p&zinti
D ntdes *@Dli.rar. II
lrind
reid. a@rslr d.svnhire contlci' I
nallril $ciare r lirnlir, indic4e. fapiulrl ci
!o!.rut
csre crertatul
Fi
pdtlionr
liFbii, cn rimbr .pa4ine ii inhesine sf.rci
'ie_tii
sociale N
dului, cn hgie de desvoliare a linbir pot fi iitelese nmai in tegiitnr,
eu tilel.crea legllor dcavortir
nodel dc ini.rprct..c a limbii din plnctul de rde& rr @n.epticl nars
niriste a istoiiei. In
'l
doile. rdnd, iminte de rnsrilia ludidtor lui r. v
stalii cn
]rrivi&
lr lingalstlct, in ercurile luosoiice si tinsvisrice cfa
ri$inail
lxrcrur
dc rcCere d61ut de shemaljc, Nrrivtr ciituir rrarc
lcnomcnele vietii socirle pot fi ttu.ntd fie in .areeoria byjtor, tic in
crrog.ri, tupraslhcrniilo4 Nn sc ailnitdu nrctun ret de 3ti. lendere.
nictun lel dc fenoncne caD sn nu
linn
dc t-n srn da sqraslrlciura
Dc aceer, linlr^ lrebui. sn rie fiecutn nr nna din r@ e clreCo.ji De. *s
ei nn .rr t'.mri p nt}e fcnoncncte care
ii!
de bazn, 4 . tosr bedri
Irlnhe
reronenele care
1in
de
Frasltuctnri.
Retevind nxi
Farrjcnlart
ti!flc specifice rre rimbii, rovarin strni a arft,1 cn exisrn tn sDci.1'!e
fen.nena sccirte spccilic:, cui esre tinna. care in
lor
ti rcNle
J'nid
h caterdid bdz.tar, ni.i in mleq.nkt tjtdstrucktitd'.
T.z.lc dcsFrs byi si suprasltucrn.li. etxhorrid dc r v sbtir. r...
etr&ricntn scunuhln d.
p0iidur
Bolsevic in tuprs
pmrrd
desriinF&a rcctrii tau capitatkle
5i
rcdrit.r suDrashuc
tnri .rlritdiste in Rnsi.
st
petrtru d$rca nnei b.ze noi
rt
uD.r
guirisltuclnri
nci ih
Deri..d.eistcntci
stetnl!i s.'ielic. TEctc reorctice
arc hi r. v. s]lln dcspe tlzi
ti
sulrashucluri sunr ce o cxc.plioisli
inl.riantn in nunsi
lcnttu
parridnl
comunist rt u.Rs.s. ci si
lcnhr
acliriteter
Frijdel.r
mnniste
ti
nuDcihftstr drn
tirllc
de dcncdrli.
p.p
lrrii undc sc desft)u.t nn inllu.s
lroes
dc consrtuire I sociali!-
nnlui .u allc Qvintei un p..crs
de consftula a nnei bsz.
9i
nnel suplr.
t ror \echii bxa
$i
ycchir
tuIrbhnctui.
azd
ti
sullashuciu[ insc'tu nn nor
{rrirol imaort',1 ln dcsv.lb.ca con@pliei sdeirLtule 3 istoliei
an arita! nai inainta, nu [eLue identiliclti o
rn,\rctir
sru .u nodd de
ptuduclie. Baza
9i
nodul ce
rroducLie
slnt
Dri,nlc
ro,lere de pioduclie
ii
rclrtiile
'le
productic.
r iLil.x reraFlor de pNdu4ie 9a2s esle ornndnir.r
(L,i
LiL
Prin iC.nrilicarea ba*i .u nodul de prcducjie B. frce o corln
: i ,e noliuni direrile rle hrterialiMdtrt istoric. Aeastn UentUicrE
trr .nc
l.mlsl
deoece lncludc. ftun niclun ideiu, in n
li!n5
hrzr,,
r)liunca ro4eli' de prcduclie Frrerh, rdl&tiile de
lroducli.
sunr strnns
I rjri. d. ro4ere de
pmdnclie; indl*uiibil ci cle nr po! ri npte nnel'
rillnLilic
stDctEa verticaln,.r si sPtrnen
4qr,
o societilii. Lipsa de
Lrftu 3 identiliei'li bszei societntii .! nodul dc pm{ clte !p.re dssr
lL t d. clar, ahnci c n abordin
lroblema
exlliciirii lnotuenclor seiald
'l
, doncninl sprstmctrruo.
l. V. Strlirj elrlrortnd idrit btz.t
ti
spBstruchrilor, 3 enis o
de inp.rlrnin,
ri
anune ct sllrrstructdrile ogli"
,l,i schinbirilc itin desvoltrca
lio&cliel,
dh d.lvoltr(r lorleldr de
Ir
iluctie de sr.jeti_tii, nn drnFonaq
ti
nu drrect, nemjjrocit, cl pii.
sllrc at nn 4te t
letii
.tite.t d.
vaductir.
tL ttii)itdea az
voductie
d m ri Dd este lclldn de yduclie nnmi
, nrt.
trrik
,ntinediul .carhiai, yin i"jm@titt bei, De d.M,
adiAtle.st sckhnbndz in n
,eht n sDltdlii
l6+etai
'tt
t)t,tuqi
nintt'a&td
9t
direct, ci dlttii schinbdril.
r'et@ute
ia bkn,
rrx,nNtfinq,.s
schknbnrit t din pnlla.tie,6 scti benk din bolil
(I
rr s1:ln,,,ltadisnui
rt ?robldct
UnJari:titii, ed rusi,p 10-11)')
rrcrsb este lna din tczclc Rle nri lm!.rt t. rle nxteriallsddi
h, r.. crrc rc pdDtta sn did o dplicilie
!tuju(dii
si
jnstn
reno .
(!!a saciRla din dondiul .lDmsttuctnrilor. firi sn du(in
!e
p.zilid
tl",liiNlui
5i
nlsr.izirir.
rno.r,.d.r,.
srnNT.Lon socr
Dnli revotuli8
dir 1005, a ,dmt in R,sir nn anrnc
suliaticov,
!i
domn niftc
rr.zmtios
ii
crre, ficnnd nrlfi zrr!, exFlkr njtrt n,.
niern llrgrlizai.rre tenDD?ncre vhtii soate, pe&nrird e\dciliire sle
sulnlicov,
e
ri
tdinGut Bosd.nov, isiorrcut
pocidvsctri
t
:t1ji, i,
lelego.
st deducn lorhete tdcotogice diect din nivel,j
trcnd4ict 9i
Cx o astfel d net di de I &bordr relon nele socirr., ej au ajuD3
de indain in ituras
Fi
Is putu!
de sigxr, si exptic
jLN! procscl.
so
ciare sDr trinMnosdle diuDtloarere concerrlji idcausic
ii
mchisro
p. care Bogdrnov le .vea in
scioll ti
in
lrollencle
ideotlei in spe
cirl. Tor atiii de .unoscute ii ene tui Bosdanov refeiioa! re
i,pro
rsdnccau ra rerdinti cc a crea o
,,culiuri lrotchrnii
r;isoci6 d. el qi nptl de d.swli'rcz isroridi redi r
+iinlcj.
IcsLt
ln dtrecri innc tenoDenele conplrc
dln danciiur s.nsb ucrurior
-
xjnus rt3 in crecia anricn srtr ltrnlucira
ntreriritc de a sbhilt o tcs5lurn inhc sccsl
t..FeDa
ri ]rroductic,
desvou,fta lorl.lor dc
lroduc
lic
sun! .u dcsnvtrrire soriitc ereolnl.
LR ri.tr r si:u, NI.x I ridicutjzar riri ctutfe
.i,are trnilln in ptulrlcare. rn ?.,r,ite d.sp? pl
-
J,l d..' . ort d
,,se rata
dnnE h i..t er
^n*tu\nicd
o Franeitnt tia src.hn ar xvtq
etN, an ihh2r|t ,e c.i r'.tri, de ce !.i tu Nfti;1h si o ar.Nrt
;i
iatd .ii
in |a.d. ,i4ttci ar)aE Itentidd6!,
tt<. lJzn, reaiite devre
rk^rut
t.,
!o1. r, cd. rusn,
P.
239,1936).
s.
rtic
ci, slb rrpi ul desvortnrii ror{eror dc
rroduclia.
socictatc'
s.rarasisti a Grcci.i 3n1ice cr! inreridri Brcietitit reudite. si tolEi
crcc:i ?Diici a ndnumctrre dc aitn si rire.rtuii. rD
..rcarer dc a
sisl
a.cst r fen(ftene o cxllicajie dcdnsi direcr di.
!.o
duotie esiej fircrle, sqtirn etecului.
l,iieBlura tusi din
Frina
jtrmnt'ra
ri
dcra hiltocur s*.tului ar
,
inreand star
ldn
contnruirr siu idcolosic, cirl 3i
lror
lirird
ur.pcnq nrlNft lirsatuE Anglici si Frarrei, ir rifrp c,
d.\!li3rd fortel} da prodrd
h'1ra irdushirln
ri
in cfe rel3(iile capri|st
si n0!a r.rnicn sc si,
r"iL*rn tn chip trailic. D8r contrtdlcliile
i r 1lr scu,ite, torla plt?rnicei rer.ruiii
Frinesti
popnlarcj cr.c e
, ,r,. rra atet de nare, inc.darea rel"tiilrr de ciasi err atii de
IIo
! ,1(n, nrar in aesle conditii nn putca sd r! alari.
ti
i"tr'8devi] t
!,',Di.
o ljteralun unici itr
s.nd
snu, c.rr Fnccta in chip diirmt
i lriilcle d. libc*ate
si lrosres
aL nasklor
ropulare
Ifgi
;i
ale tn
r'r'r rlilo. insliiari din &ui4,\9a dsr, s ruport
Flr $i
simplu direi
r, , dtlo
!i
nrjlo ere d. p,bductre
're
R$iei dc rtunci nnrcaF poaie
! ,i PGchin. Lcnontov
ti
Ne rsv, sau
lrozr
Ld Cngll Turshenid
I
|,Lst.i, n'ar putca sn rpali decat @ o c'.icatud de muisn
9i
nrr
rL rinic connn cn conreltia niterilllstt a i3torlel. Nunai o pivlro
fenon.'e iif,ele din done ul litratnrij tuse,
L' r o lntelegcr proruntli r intralul
lroes
d dwoltirii ist rice.
!
'
rr,i cu mreplis nrtoiali*t r lstoriei, pdte $ ne aer erplict$8
.rrrlor arr.iliei
ti
lnlloririj uimitoara r ninnnat l llteraturi ru&
.tii
h carter sa Jd,ifidrd cEpilotietthi in
htas,li
o.cittzntdd
li rr Deslrtes 13 lrrc\ 1003) su$nenlionatul domn
illiaticov
de'lu@
rr! L,Fta dred dii
rmdlctie
Ar.. de
riHn,
vorblnrt despre desetder
dcslrc simpnli.a&a dec.nril.r, de.pre llps. fi
IDr4iloi.
elc., el explicn scast lueru
prin erhrtele corNtuntei crpitt
nt.
lrin
neesitatca dc a rdDcc .belilaljle de produclie.
,,Expli.tnd"
I
.
h l3
-Avenl
N, da piHn, dnpn crn sqrie el
,'u/re'io
e$. red,sd ,a
1t'iri. si tipsitd
tL die aalnatd', el spnne ci rebta s. c$li.t plin
LDr ci in ondilinc dcsvolliril contenloran. a productiei capitansre,
',rr capilalirti nu cxisti nun.itori crre sn s dd&be,scn prin
lrrtl.
i, iti! e br individuarol
I r ti'iptrl si!, Plebrnor ddicul$nd a@ste tic.rcilri ulga rxtrare,
urr ci cL ait sral de retitc incdr t inhcli drci d.l
$uljrtihv
! Llhvr
slufreie.
D"sn o priv6tl ca o
rafodie
3 nrxismrt'i, spuneu
r oor, atrealui
Fulralicov
4re foarlc cansiicn
qi
chiar l.rfra
pusitn,
tis si d.a o cxplcaiic naxist' reiod.
li ulgrrrarc si nare
.,\irul. Sciinn in crrba sa ci in sislanul n'i Desc tcs lun$ csic
, ,,,t.ta d!!ilipur i.rrpriide r nrnur"ctrricre, sau cn concepti! 6.
d"
jLi
zii!'bch ln
'cstiter.
srre.b*rvr|i .
!n
aeslci crirti . rtri
Dtr.
s31c ntiormorc, I *ri8 pu
5i
simnlu:
rr.F, rNrlr
sr
NTr'.n socr^LE rN
Ita..naL J. . -,oai-ob;r,-o .'nrn
diat
k
ln4nt?.
q@"i1t
rd i k uhflta
h&ttratis,tulzi
in isror.'. (R.!kr,
szb srez,ai
'.m,e
rrr rJ,?. l\r 6. p 23,
Ncrn !!Iit nai anrnditir asupra omrrzi exaliljllDr nrg 13
rorr. are d tli
Sutiaihov, !e
n a rnir .n esre
srcrit,
.n sb iolostbu
sn doCuui, sn ziccn, lorncte idsl.gicej corcepliite tiloscfica sau reno-
nenelc ftci
9i
literalfri d,is.i drr ploduclie.
rrh urfrIe, tea rovL
.es'nd stalin ci sFrsh{rn.a n! 6rc lesrrr dc
nr.ducti.
in roddJ_
rei cl prtn lnt rnediut baz,, pri, inrehediut mtatiit.r
de
pradu._ti6,
c'pntn o htxl1r.lt d{sebirn si este absol$ nesarn peniru
.
IDsr{
tntal.s.re si apricare . nciocei haterirlhmulni isro c.
^eosir
reze alc
tovrrisurli st3liD i.abmzi
!e
roti dcplii con.erriei ndeirirjste a b-
to.iei c! o busoli sigun penn! o cxplioar. protlll:i
ri
jnsrn.
i*nme
11 exanjmftr problemci rolutui sccirr .l qtitntei
9l
a loculnl ei in sttuotura societitit
Duli cun s?
itie,
clrca$.iea
rtlintifi.n,
in lot.t ai* sa,
!o'te
li
lnpirtiti in dcun rsnnri
trincip.tc:
siiintcte niruij
ri ltii'lele
socirte.
Friint.re
iatu.ii, precun
ei eriinlcte
rehnica, ar nriiscnlsbit nulie cDn
lingenrc .u nnna, gi iati in e *ns. Dlc s?.vesc dlierltelc ctxe ate soc!:
rilii: o qi rinba, ete slnr lesare direct de &bvit.ra de producric e
In lucdrilc lut Msrx
ti
Enscts,
lllc{jm ti
tn operete lut rnntn
9i
stzrin, purm
Sixi
nn n.toiar bogrt care .raii regetua diffdrd dtntr,e
ttllntele
natrii
si tliinlele
rhnkcj pe de o prrtd,
rt
produciie, p. it
rrrd partc. Elscrs x arnrar cn Ji vo.hit fo2ie ndi de cer cc productia
drrorest
9tihki,
dr, spune el nri deprt, gtiinta d'roerre inlinlr hrr
dult pmnu4iei.
sc
rtie
ci
{jnrF
d. niscui dtr.cr din pridicn. din ne.
FsrtiJne
lmductiei ,,co $
raatd cet?talte
,tiint.
a sris EnE.ls
_
hdtmatica s'a nd:ctt di ieaajte
]iJrc\i:e
dtc amenitar: din ndswarct
tstcnti|t
ti
d rdunnkti tas.tar, din cd|utdfta timp.dui
ti
tt n heco.
nicn'.i. Nercj. cc a Kgla rrra ln Egipt, in Lonbardia. in ohnd. sru
jh
Indir r constituit trn inluls
lulchic le$tu
dsrcllatr stiirtctd.
puncDngcls,
rtjrnjr
a nrcorut sn rt
n'it.rrc si sn & dosvDk cu o rnpidilai.
iiinF il dalorete tor producliei. Enscrs
dr
rrov.crfi
cc neuoilc di..c!e 3le producliej! des'o[!re. procucliei
ri
dlsvdlt,r.a fiziki, separlrcr c
r r chituiei ins4i. Toricetli, dc
lildi,
studiszn niscar$ lbhtdelor, etc.,
r .r.i in legi$ri cn doisttuctine nidnstriate si lidr.iehniue,
trrc'ditl'ij
t
an r at., todra .7re
titik asutto
l,ntebt
ndtentutic. ote sistendri .te nanyhl\i. ttif,lotd,
a.., @
lost
el4turt. atupra nari. rat i hlt&wd n 6E6to a
tos,
dt ontd
?.nhl
pnnla cntd karid eltutiei intenstdlii
Futerii
.ia.tie,
an *eatdui al XVII t d, ntr.dpe tnli hntii ndtendicieni, na 1fi:uta n
n h si ptd Mdrd de opd
pentru
4durlr'
(K.
Il!8, o?aq vor. 23, cd.
Mix spnnca ci d:1a c.e3rs, norii d. rpn penh! nllcinaltrl
srinn
{.k'r
existu in fond, loale pi{ite conponafte ?rc orgtnishrldi s&ttuci:
Io,la nofti@ neudc4
putca lucdt r. 3
lir5itrsi, etc Iar a.csi hc r seNit h rendul sin .a lrizi pentru noi
sc
dc md!
'rd
stiinlci.
DiD 36te excmpl.
lntn
GCen ci, desvolirr8
ttiiDlci
esle
lrortsin
dt!.t dc iryoile desvolltrii inar$.j!re, de nevoile
lrcduclt.i
cn, pc dc
srH
l'rie,
d6eollarar
itin,tei
E inlleiilc dired cu pr.ductir, p.rfa
ii.nnnd b rAnftL ci
tl
ficind si
lrog'eeza
proddcll! tnsnsi. In ddpi.
n,ru,
Fi
ii rlte opdc rle 6ile, sx aiali in linn[ a nus.ro@ cxcn
rLe
cn E1ojle
l^lduciici,
re@sttriea d a rcdu@ dud'
!tu.e$lui
dc
rmduclic
&r intmdu@rer nct dclor
lriinlilio
in tehnica
lro&sulJi
de
rro&ciie.
Dc pildi, irlri,emr coloririi chimice a
iesniurilor,
tibiclrLi
fi.l.i
cu
^jrtord
r.ldulul tanic. inirodncero. slaratelor dc usFe, lnrro'
dtrccM pudhjrlni
si
o
lrocesubi
Ecssede. I' r.bri6tn otelulni dln
crpitolelof orespunzitoat
ale chjntel
.i:ic.i
ri
rre uei srii de
rfilnle
tahnlco
Nenurito3r.
r!,ltn a roLsirii natinclor in
Foduclic,
fndti Cd
IIri* t', cap'.rd, a lrnt3t de asehenea ci loLosntt nltiieLr se br_
nzi pe lesi slricl
-stiinFflce
ri
estc rcsr rtd dc cle
riribrrii
aflicau dirdn r sliidclor natumi in indNtdc A'n ddt Late
r6le .remple
lcntm
a ariii" cn dcsvoltr&!
liiinlci.
,i.ri sunl dir.d resrt dc
lridrclie ti
o *ntsc
1)e
deNta cl.st nnn
rin,rr., rc|ind l.
lrtere.
Irl.*ste tn nDdrt c.] Mi l'fg
.jrcrinc hh'
(i.ci
si
ijijbtei
li d.mcnid rizil. chimiei. ii domennn
+iinblt
rdni
rn1,n r d.sunts Dro.lnctia
scillnti, in l
$a
iDpol'jv. cqitrlisnlui
Din r.ate aGstm rcdlti cn siii4ete naturii
ri ,riirlek
rehDi.e, caci
lllm ii .onsideiltic ccntinutut L! lapiic, continutut
l.r 6!c.jal, sulr
hgate cipd d. ptuducliej se inpr..tesc prrci cu d.sr.lbrei
lNdnciiei
rr
uanza roluh'i
tliinFi
in socierate nu De
pulcm
oprj insi aici. trr .ccrc.
t'rca inptuliln in ctrse e di atet in glijnicre rhni& cit si, n:i aks,
. d
- nir
t
r."o- nito-i:
o lup:.dml
o
k cf.6,6.e ex I rpci
Inafad dc co4inutut snn spcrlic,.rt@ stjintn dlrinca de asemcr:r
er
erem !. me
tin
dd mmc]rljs deslrc lnne. Tlenue sn
,ih
r rrctea
deo$biea di'tre c.rtinuiul fariicJ nehijrccit el
itiinlelor
narrd;
9t
ttlinleld
telnhe, si iDterprclsr.r
lil.sofict, dtn punctul
de vatoe al
conccpliei dcsp.e rune, da$ acest r m@rjrt dc ordin trptjc, Ifeilc f!
tF.lesi-fD.
ur'r'o. F.. .
-i"i
s"ranu
F"-{.c
,
"
{
-.,
.or
":^
r.rntetiu[i..o- tr drr onrlu brla 1o,,
^F]
or.limE
ns1ru
domnrard n,turii. ,\c4te mmiri ale sriinFlor h,tuti
lot
seirir si intr,adedr serv.sc, atsr caplralsnnlnr caisi srcirrhrutur.
sriintirice 3 tcsr .rcrri bonb, aromici ,n
ij.ile arati.ro.itor
ls rizboiu ihDcrirrisd
cer i1.t aak pericot,enlrn exisientarsFici
r on0ntrij. rn uRs.s insn,
energir atonicn $rvcst p.p.r
.nenire irir, inararn {r4 onDsriDFte stecirta, d. .rdii tartic, oijca
flljnti
.:tunti sru iehDicn cupriide
ri
c..cl!7lij
scneraliiirr
filosJice,
luhe Trhai in resfturi cu rc.asla. $ dn in stiinE re: tnpi' neincc
htn inft ccre d.ui tinii tuinmcnrate iD tnleryr.trei
lcajt.r
,i 6n
+d*i..jy.
, 1,ia ild!
J r';
-,' i
piivintn. ori4
sriinli
_
i,c.pend cu n.t mriica.
scor-^si3.
fttca
!cd,.
rosir.
9i
ierniitid
d sriinrere rehrie sp.cirle. M .sre, dc pitdi
&zis-
teitr harcrirletor _
o)stftne ,r.nr nnei rupic inversdmie tnr? fl.r/.,e
h dlera sa geiirli
ffaturidtsa
ri
?'ritodrirjrn.
tenln aratn ci
b.cln. si
tijn
sn utrrtficin
d|dt.jL srjinlet in doneiiul t.ltctor si
rot darii 61 slrm si ft"rdD tandn*cb r*4ion.rc, iJaliste in stiintn.
l,rbue sn fol.sim slune el ioat. tufarib
,,ettiak
nr d,heiiitc
(in
c\inic, Iizici bi.tcgie, tjznr.gie. otc
l. fnri
dc cars nu cslc
]].siriti
dcs,.
.
,
" '"i.. tih Diciui none4t det. nat,rirthm. :tunci cnnd esle v.rh dc concln
,iile:ilosofie carc decnrg dii accsre cu.criri.
ia,in spuie cn in coDd4iite sccieiitii rhtonhie de cl2si, in condr.
tiile
tDpcnarisnulul
.rre
sprc rorliuE pc r.rti
f i\.
,.t.rdiilkie
tudcthnnrc ier nate'" din inv4i
?pqr?s,r i,iintai".
L I i,!ii ca in &sta caiditii s.rirlc, inalui dc o $bstrnli vie
ti
r ., ri. dcslorLder
ttiinrei
dn
9t ,,Lnete
raaie lnadie, tulete rcbltli,
.rtt: r(b@ dlah.ate ta tado de
s/roi,'.
SFnand aeastr, cl avc! tu vc
4rr djrf,sele s-alc idcilisre rercliomre, re arrr in ril.scrr. si in
,l tr,lii. Se siie cn r.cliunca idcalisld .onrcnroDnn llhssle t*rb lui
rri,rtinr p.a shtiviiitii nd3nkr culnielor
li
@le dai noi date deslP
r ndrs stcmici a materiel, penrru
'
in.crca si .einnoiasDi, !i iDs!fle
li ir rCerlisrnlli, agncsl.icisnllul. TEhue 6t .Innen ncl, c.te8!rlc,
$rii knrn, rini! nrlc.ialsri. ii el i&alist in tcrb dcncniile cuoas
rrii, in t.rte problemerc
aiiihtifice.
Se intcrcge dcl3 6ine cn Nesle p.oblenc filosiice, rccste
lroblcnq
nrc
tin
de dncepli. dcspE rDeli cre ocupi !i loc atet de inpor
rrn
jn
Brti,rlt nl un relld direct al l4tei ilc clrsi .are !e loc in so
.icLrlc
al
3r ata,b lrc
lrrte.
indjsmtrlril, dln .etructuri, ditr elenen-
rrr suprcstru.tunle tn stilntn,
cat despic
rliinFrc
scdtlc, $re slnt lecate nedjLct! do inhe.gl
\ .Ii s.ciali, Ce lurts do clast
-
rceslc
9liinle
lre pr i nrdisd{abll
di: doneiill sulrasrnciurilor. EIc sunt o oglintlire directi a luptei.le
r L.i ce 1rc l.c in societrte. lrnin a sc s ci
itiinjele
s.cialc sunt chc
rtc ai serre$ci inicresel: dilditel.r clse
,,.n.i
in.,rd s,.idr^ld t re-
I i ntd pe htrkt da ct6d N p.dte ensb
,tiiflta
s..iab 3aepdii^itoarel'
19, ed. rusn, p
3)
$llintelc
s.cirre se dsv.ltd in
nRr.ii cc.n.nico siictule debrfr
r.nru
eliborrm lor sl scfldc rceasii lupli, dar da dxta xccrstn dtn
D.cn nu se
Fale
rcrli d.spt o saiendiri
lrlct?ri
siu blrEhun.
i :rrc o dinrc
Frol.t.ri
sin lnrshezi, ori dsprc o
itiltrlt
proletlrd
,
xrcii d.sprc o e..nomle polilici prolibrn slu Durghern, despre o fil&
. i: pmletaln sau hrghczi.
irr.i snpFslrudurn, nu slnl hs.te direct de
lr3dtr.tiei
aeastt ksituri
rr,rlD si rolcii
riiintc
sciilc nu pot serli cu s .cs cgsl clr* diloiile
, nr.l.,nistr, Fiind direrjic prin przili:lc l1r dc pl.dre
t
pritr o .ntaDa
r niol:gici. cle e
'lcDseb{sc
in Eod rrcical nnelc de altele
.1i
seNeso
ir D.d drrcrji chsclo aniq.nis
tebn: si prccizirn, toto,lrlii, cil distilsjir
!c
c.ft o r,.er intre cere
dou. ranlri ale cun .ete'ii
rliinlifi@ itijnFrc
ni.nrii,
sriinJere
ten
nicc, de o prrb,
$i
qtiinletc sociale, ite altn
larte,
dhlir.iic dcsp'! carc
inpnrlre n*lr$
"
,"
i.a
rrrl
'
.'.1 ."dlq' ,.Jri
n"lrc
m rliila cmrszi ru
lreconizaic
la timpul lor neokaniienii Windelba.d
pri"d::ri! s bi?cli,,
jitru
cat, duFi
Oirerd
lor, deos]]i$a dirie c:L d.ut
.mnri de dno4|iF drc ucx$ de &nrtiiriir h.stri. d net deb nosi&
de ercetrre,
;t
nu de deose'Jnib cbi@live dnt& obiedde inseti ale cu
n.asterii Esenlr si senq selrriJii es .;1lc 0i 3
ttiinleror
despre mltu.i,
(rdidi r gtii(lelor smidc) ..nsii ln niEa.risnei legr in $cietrte.
aeaae@, dnpa ni3lr.It, nnl initividrale
9i
iu
por ri n{.dmte n, hsi generatc Aeastr cste csn13 rc.clionrri, rdealisti.
'grostici
r niscocirilor lui winddband
9i
Riclcri.
Distn,cF DaBisln dint$
stintclc
dsrre iatlrn
ei $ii,rlcre
dcsDE
scietate sc bMesz- dimnotrivn
ne
n
?tu1ciptu
abi.ctit,
re
deo{bitel
obieciivn dintr
rtiintclor
haiuii
ei
stiinlclDr $cl3le in eo.ietere.
In luoirile sale {tcslr liisvisticn, L v Slalin r lohulai o serie ite
tezc. ci& srit de . inp.rtarti exceplioDaLn pentru dcsoltlea nai de.
p te a mclotcl dixleiie nslrisie Dl scrte:
,,tn
qde?l /r"l"e s{i st/
ntu srft
rtneo
btd'nla .arc d
Fdsiuhed
eq)taziih, .i ktea tte.eni
n pA ea rti .st. nlatt ttitd ru n tuoi
kttiti i|stcltatii nnd:
artituhild nici attat
tdfi.ne
s.ciatc 0t bazei sor sr?rosbrttii. Eo estc oLti|dtane p*
tn sociut.td inl,ilrtita in ctaec drertuE Dat tu e*e na bc ablt!$tarie
vattu
s..ietaten u cte n eristat ctdse lh6nac'
(I
v Sir]nr, ,Idr.is
tutt
ti
ptubtmzte lh1tristiai,4. nsi. p 23 20)
1).
tuele crditrsle can ar . n3rc inennnt.t.
pd,tn iilel{erex nEti a ietodei narxist.dlaleclftc
tnsilr.ilc fundlmcnlale alc net.dei maBisrdi.hctie
suDi laqil.
h.t! i si s.cie61ii
ii
Ennt valrlile peitm torld leMncn re .alxril
9i
docietilli. D.f cal dc !a rti rsle mrrii.slars a.est leqi in dilc'ile]e
. cat de v iatn este n xni ie starea &estot
lcgi in vie.l' s.ci.El lrin n.nrrc, h crrne eii slin a rcrcr nsniresidft
i lirici a a.cator lcsir nu po_ti rcducc, dc
rildi,
toai. turdcle lcgii r..
'
i.!clr. rcchc ca1i1.1. h lnr Dou{ s}solut nr bak F?!}ile. nmai lr
tnnr .,eqtaziei'. Aexsti hc@.o $
lrodua
surr fomi dc erlozie
,rtrtr.I cnniL se trcc dclr. fomslie sdcirE snlagonisln b rfta. Rdo
Lir
scl3vilor, de pildi, 3licl]idrl prinito expl.zic rcchca socictate scl..
r
ii. cu aiuion unci cxplozil rcvoh$t nurgb.ziei 3 d.hodt feudt
evolllii, a a@srei
qplozit
esre tvohti.'
' trczi din 1?39 1794, Rev.lulb proleL.intdul doboad
lubrea
opi
r' lilor
ri
nagidilor. lornr clasicn r acestei rcvriutii este rhE. Re
L! rLLric sDclaftti din octonbric. In societ'Lc edsln imn o seri. dc @
r
.
jn
dmsebi intio orantuiJe undc nn nri distn daso ahsonisi.,
a la 6' 8:ti't"le nu
I
d *
r zij. ci intr'o slit fornn. Sn lunn, dc pildi, prccesll trmsio.niirii 30
hrii. 3 asriculiuii, proesul tr.erii nasse, .ovnrtitoare a
tiranllo!
I Ir R. S. S. pe fistul
sospodtiici
colcdne Dnpi tm sc stlc, arul
rlrt a fost in U.R s S
^tulihoni
c.titu| Ct ffiare a lnlEsri
Fliticc
f'.neigniraF
3 Patidrlui B.lgevic
ii
r
strvernxlri
sDvietic. r i..epnt
I
rrmea 3ccr inhsre. in n'ssi. d. buiivile a
liranilo.
in c'lhoa'.i,
.i I nrcep sn inbe i' oDlhotui srta, fioans
{
rlisbich r'niFgi. Pe haz'
tr$tci adevirale ntrciri de ndsi, ore clFinsese nsjcribier c.varti
,i,r
r ti[nilcr, Pnrerei Sorietici a trectri del.
|,lilkr
ci rnt.dixrn.
,L,i i,,glidire a chiaburinii, l" o poli cn n.!i, h p.lilica de lichidals i
,,Anf.t
ra tuari:at a
t
qrknnrte
t@atuttla\ di tft.ere naidddrct- sc c tovarirnl Slalir
n sdtt d.Io tthe\ :+ate caktdtitd d soci?ktlii ta o aoud state .oLitn
it ti .at 6h6 d,
l,rn
th|nfile d4 N Reulqi' din octonbAe 1911.
ct,t.t.n1t spe.ilk nt c..stet renttlii c.nstd in
latd
en .d d
lot
!i,,ii:!il,i d. sus, dtn tiltarnid
?ttsni
di sroi .! rltji' l dircl de
jos
al
, n{tt de itkrne de tira^i care turndt inpottind robiei citidb rtti,
tt
xt t L o idlit til,.fi dhohici'
(
C rrsul scttt de ist.ric o Pdrtrlnlli Co.
I lis!
(bal.\ari.)
.l aiftaii srrt'ii.a, ed. rdsn,
!.
291 292)
1).
rain calactetul tnuj p.in sprcilicul nanir.stiiii
r
I
.. sru acest s.lt. se dcosobe5le ndicrr dc salludl., ce x{oluliilc care
ntrmrlio soci.h anirq.nisii I alta ,{ici n':
,elDr':iu"
Ir.lul chdlcnt r d Prlidrlni B!rf.!ic.
, L itiva
l,,tdrr
de sbi, sprijinul rccstor niori de cltr'. ndselc
lirt
I uii, in corditiilc {iicttllrii gio
, rcs 3 n:iretci sarclni a t$@rji nssslor de nudc niliornc rle
lnrn
,i,,ii
Dc
ris.id socirlismdni. T* r5i nr este ndoic, itc pilda, de nicto
,,34ro'?.
t3 ft@e dclx socirlim la mnuniom in u. n. s. s. Tro@r
re. beptati deh sociarisn b ccDun:sn 3e sivn6.+t. firi erlt.ziii .3
esle o l]e.s,t dela sbdiul inlerior la stadiul 3qirior al uneiari elchgi
oranduiri s.cialc. aceasrn hlcere se i'J4iu6r slb conduceEr nrrcluj
parlid onnnisi, 3 cirtrjp.riiicn Ler vi.Jii orlrdui i soriethc
-
arc
elrtjinur ccp]jn al intr.sulni polor. un rol hottrito! id !..rsli ireceF
n .r sialul Sccialist, d{ D el sie rolF carsj
l]e
sar, inrlegurut
ar
"L.ipLorulr
i,."' iu : d^td,-a, r.r,.r
"irDdsa.
'
I.p.i.F.
uer e! hgllaln deLa srciarisn ]a cohu-
nih: Iiseenni desvoltarr rai delarre r b.z.i !.hnico I ccm!trcnutut,
dcsvollirea fnrn *rqii a td!.td nrrcrialc dc producli. :lc soci.iit i.
Gislnri.clc ccn$ruclii
rienr pustjuril.r,
srhdiras.lc
lucrili dc inpidurir ca: lrar:siorni
urj.rn r constuclici iidusbiei
srele 9i
ciitot
de otrun'ralic, desvolt.p! oxhrardinrrn
llin lrop:4ijle
sale
ri
prrr
eo.*nii n3il.mb a u. ;r. s. s l,.ti .ccasln
mismD inanrt sc imretuo$n. ftvolulionarn. t re sri,rt|e rs ,ra?Jdi,
d@ nu t'1t; in,bd ra.t4ionar, dat
ldrd
erpt ti.
T,tc.'.r tlcprrti deh sociriisn la c.nunisn n$canjli licht&re3
btdn a coDtrdisliei dinhe nuca fizici
.rt
9i
sati ltcrrrdarea cf,nptetri a dsscbirii dj,t& chsele eare nai existt
rstizi in u. R s. s., a ces.hhii dinrF closr nun.i,-a&
ti lirnninc,
in.
conl st at rep4r4iej: dela lrccare dnli caFct-
later sr.liocirtrh dqn n.voile
inportant in dcsv.]1$?a s.ci.i:]'' ii, o tr@*e la o noui dare .3tii'tivd
a s.cleiitii ii d*voi1rr.a fohalici mNnistc, crre inc.pe cu
rinul
s5n
vtus*t. cu at d.it* stadiu ar siu
,
cd,
Ii o expldici delvollsrer rrptrtn r no
durui de prodnciio s.cirrist r. drce
FForrele
din u n. s. s k cohu
nhn Mai *e hcv.ie oue si din ere'n!]. pcniru r srib ci in
so.irrsnnrui cctr c.nsrruft si .
i alsolut clar
ti
se vnd de pc imn nult
bisitu rle conDisnului?
Tovar:lqtrl Sidin r r&d. de ,sehcrcaj cn na*imnl nn recu!.attd
qTl.zjl
subte Drci in c.sv.xxr
tlti, si zicm. arn.r limhl cristmte sau cEarer suliri ! lnei linbi noi.
o .ct_er dc ice drs:rre icih si dcs .rtaEr rin ilf se ani ii t lati con.
tra'liciie or lc.!ii!l lsbric. O asttl de idee dcspr. islori, timbilor a
Dutli
si rlxri nundi c. rczullal al vul{a zilrii rchd.i diahcri?
si
nu
ristn. Din toaie a.esGa reznrti ct lcqir.
dL lrliq.i nn cbuc privitc
jn
nod d.gmtiq cn iretuc sn stuniezj prl
n, liesiruj
lJro@s, i
sn
ttit
sn fobse9u
i .:.rnn
'nportnln
p.ntru des{itfea nai
rilr si
tcbtru
rplkrrer ei ln s.i t c&.tT ir tcate domc irc tcoriejsi nl
I tc problencle hinslorDirr
traclicc
a iumii, Iorie a:e*er s nl de o
nrxit cni din rortD
tirire.
o
larliculxritate
inp.rh(Li r stiinlei mar:lstc, parti.orarit.te 6re
Il dii . f.4i d. ncrrirdt .st. rrprd cn d e.t. durmxnul ncinpncai a
dnir i d.gmlusm, al .ricnrei si3gtriri, at oricirtri coc!.iiriisd sierp.
Itfii.r re'olulio. t fRunderzn, idbositorte si ccsvord neincetar
nu ezltn si nrr.cuirsci rormur
:,ndilii cxE rrd cit3r. r3!i d4 e
eiiirtr
.
u. 1rtrn3r.o.
Io1"i.
Dupe no'ftea hi Mar si lnseh, tdin
ri
st^tin
ri
discjDolil 1or
&i nrr apropiati iu ro3. siq+rii nnrr$ri .lre !u dcsvou.r n'i dcprrtc
ir
'!id
c.catr nlaisnul
ri.u
apuc.r c.netuiile
$
raele lo.la noite
krin a rrdi.at naryishur pc
o treilti nofi,
q!.e lst.rj.e ep.E imperillituultri
ti
a rev.tutiil.r
lmretare.
IiniD
I inL.gnrii n3r:snnt or noi c
rfrlira noilor conditii ?te lllrci ilc ct*i 3 proreterialului pc'tru .libe
Ilnh si st3lin au sulljniar t.tdealnr ci marjsnd n! *te o doFi.
r . c:Fnr:r tn mlnnrc.
,i
cn dc
,l
snatisr
]-an b si st.lin rn arihl t,ldeaunr ci n:rxis nl sdcvnrri.
.dcf
xrur.r. re,.ru(ion!r,
h c.iscaul al \,'I.ka 3l
p.
tr. s. D.
(Iolselic)
dln Rusjr, t, 3 an_
rl
n i91?, i' .junul rlarii Ravoh4ii scc rlisb dh o.r.nbrie, r. v. strlj!
I rpus:
,jrfr
e$e e'.r6 .d i,d)4i R'sia sd
fi. t.tfa
c.te sn n rchad d11t
rtrn s:,z s..iansn... Trcbue sn ne dcbat^d .te,Lea,elindd cd nunni
t,r.a,i..iun n.-.t..t
t).d.r nu hd stuez pe
r)tattand
ndftisnttti ceatot.
tr. v. sraiLtn,
,r.,
vol.3,.d. tusi, p. 136-137)
').
de .ni. rn nusir a inviru rr,rer Re
!
'
Lrlie s(ciarjstt din ociohbrlc
mul
9i Fr,
nerse cn cccs inaiire 5!h connnisn. Tocmsi Rus:a Gr.
J d u-:, s,'.,.,,"d,i
!|
urumrt
muncii dir cel.hfte
!nri.
rrevjzinier tui r. v. si'tln s.r rdc,erii
|]e
dcplin.
Nu
r)oli
re.iti aeum {estc randuri lirn un senlinor! dc darci Eno
._ sh,. ! ,o,_.! de .cb:run
r n'.rism leninisndui. chiar
ii
ih istoria iarxfn,hnirhmutni. .3r?
dLe bosatn ir predzjuni gtiiijilj@ ac.*tn prcviziune stllinisla! care se
ba:e.zn pe rnaliza .rariore
ti
prolnida I silurtici si rap.riutui de lorte
lin+d 3@1.r cstc nM dintre cele nai inporrahre.
LnFllnd inlottra deiatnririi dogmaiice, prin citale, ! nsBkndul
da cnE duth,nil
paitidnrui
Botsevic
ai
ri plparului, mre tnerc3u s! *
sprijile
!e
vehq romuln I lui Ehgek cu
Drivire
ta itrFsibirirrt.a yic
todei rocirlis ulnl inh o singnri
Frn,
tomuu cfe se refcrc. h epoc'
c.pitalisndni prem.norolist
ii
calc m n.i ch jus[
nr eFc' inperi]
rhnurtri r. v. srsrin
^
sctis:
,,De
silut ca, ddca E"Ieb 6
li tost
,n
ueaid, ru lF
li
tonpa*t ae ta.h4
t'.mrfi,
ci, nihpaln&, ot
ti
sd-
hdar
lild
re:.fte ft1dqia aa6+1n, spunnrd: .r,a d et er tode
t,)r
,rttctc techi, rtnidscd rd.h4ia dctaiaosd din u.R.ssf,
(r.
st,lin.
O?aq lal. 3, ed. rusn,
I
303)
1).
"delifui
dntor al t{dei miBlstc. ostilibtea ej raii ce orice sr.gnaE,
tuti de .rico docb in!ftn si dognrtjsn.
I" lufiirile sarc cn
rriviid
la lnrevistici, tomr*rt Sixtin d sulli
nixt din nou cf.ct.tur clnbrtif srextor .t tcoriei nrxisie:
!]rorjsnlr
srin/d,
--
sc c .l tu p.:ale rtl
?.
Lc, a, re drsrun' rj
'a
r.r,
l.4ia".Ed.
I^ desrate.n rrit, ntrnr ,
N|tc
sn ru ! i,nbi.
ftovn c ettdrtdhand, eu naitz dn^rlin.t,
t"in
u ndre net
l.t
,tlte
ri..".h.ii
ole t)ti nu pat sd^ se schinle tu,t?rtjhu
?tt
sdn
lic
intoatire de
la
alte
$
n^ctu.ii nli. e.r.spunznkrnft naitt sddni k
taie?. tl3flislnllt ndnile
larhut ,i.ancluzii
irntobtt., ot'ti.ldtDtii
Fen
hl taate eDo.itc ai pd.atxte
|1at!isr\t astc darns aticdtui d.a ta.
tn,i' (L
v. sulin, nlamtsu,
ri
pr.bk,n.r,
ri,4rii/i.it, od.rui p.43),).
C! ierpusi viscarc tomrtunl Stalin a srnht dnr notr cum a ilesvoltsr
Lcnin in mod o.rt Darrisnul in ep.ca inpcriaiknuhi 3i i Evclu-
nnscnt.r et a ridicutizrt
F.
ratnudjs$
si buchoii crre N pihand escnia
!..blcmei.
ci tot.s4c duerjtc .jr.t
siieze rtun d
lns
s*dd de codiJiilc istorice.
Luotuilc luj L v. staliD.oml
exendu vju d.
n , xisn creai.r, u( nodcl dc ddvolt're reaD I acestni.
l'ov&rnril Ineheind zeastn conmi.are , ne. h
9edinta
A.t'tenrei
rtr
'rrli.ii
P.purarc Romene, 4diteli ni st slut, e ndbru riturs
noLiv sr
^cadcnjei
dc
ltjinle
a U. R S S., Acrdcnia d Yobtri
ti
sn vn
utz nul! Nees si
r,nncnNdnici. Legirura
lrietcnerscn
c.rc a'a stator'
ii.it lntrc svaniii svietici
ei
savtntli mmdri, inne acrcdi. de
9tiinte
n rl. R. s. s.
Fj
A.t,tedi. R. P, R, mNiitle chezttie lnor noi
9i
nat
Drli su@se, aut in rcliritrtea Acadeniei noaslre, cAt
ti
h &livitzter
,\c.demiei Repuhlicii Porintard Rodine.
victoda tuputati de popor ,8upB oprcso lor sii, instlnrarP, noii
odin socble, deschide
rtiinjci
prsFeliee imense, c'levn co'dilii Eiru-
rric
Fniru
actlvii"le sav.(ilor
$
pune rn fatl ror nrl strcini de stal
!tr adcvtrat
Fopulare.
ItenJia
9i
itrasosrca crldi cu 3.re attt
snvcmul
.:t 3i massclc larsi alc
loportrlui
inconjura !. n i
jn
U. lt. S. S.
pc sr'
r h!i, constitu.
Dcnh!
aceiij' o fo4n lolilizatcrrc
rl
in$llelit$e atnt
tu ,lresti nrcAt ei isi ons.qn toate cunottintele, bare puterile
9i $tr
r(11\i1e cauzei stiil4ci, cauzei poporulul. Euanduie pe sin3lE ns.
trdi'!
triinlirlli
j,stn,
nr{oda dialeiici mxistn, pe slislra cri@p-
lr,i
.iusli
dcspre lune. &n&plia desprc l!n. a n.terialhmdui dia.lectl.,
'rsniii
nslrj oblin,lu,ltrte Ft il"cite in toatc ionhiile an Bterit
trxpEsic r nirelurli atnt de inali
ei
3 fortei
iliinte
"u:(!e
Acrdcnicirnu,lui dc onorre al ,{cltldici de
Sliinlc
a u. R- s. s.,
rari3lului
*vmt si naftlui .ond diinr 3l popordti sovicti.
9l
indnnt-
rr al othcniror nuicil
'lin
lmca h1'$gn I v. STALINI
LUCII,{NIT"E TOVANT\$UI,UI STALIN ASUPRA
LINGVISTICDI
5I
PROBLNIIDI,]J
$TIINTNLOR
SOCIAL]]
DIN
TlRrL
NOASTn.\
MTUNICAIB IIIZOMATA
PMI.
(hN.
L iiJUTU
Luclnnb rui rosr astrpli ltnsvtsticcj pui
pr.bkhe
nirr N nmri in l,!! tibgvrtlllor dar
9r
tn iala oane. or
dc $ijnF din tdte s4t a&le a.tivftalit
liiintirico.
rn dmsebt noi, ki
c nuncin pe aramur
rliintelor
sciale, avcn de rras log,1
,i
mdnie
lucrnri ate lovarasurui sirun, care !u ridica!
l*
o rreaptn slperto,ri
sandire,
filosolicn nanjsi.tednistd.
N.i triin in epoca bansfornirii .evoruriDnsr:, midirie. a srcte
tiiii in
lfr
noash.n. Trnin ttrido epocn de disrrug.re r buei kcrn,
crpilrlisto,no9ier9rl,
Si
r tupr
dc fiurie e
'net
b3ze noi, socirliste
tt
a noii sprrstrucldi, corcspnn2i
De a3i decurge penttu no1,
grElnr
*udieil aprofundsle
'
Doditt.
c.nir.r inteneillc in
,drnddrea
etunhi.n a so.iatdlii
tin
atapa ddtd
tr d.r,.x.in:i el.
-
asr cun detlnc!1c rournint sirtin bdz. societitii
Nu nrr putin inp.rt3nri,
9r
ru nai putin
vlsti
nosrrt, jurisfli
9l
rhlislii in tm.k liteniur{i
9i
rnci au ii lltr lor !. cdnp de 3c!i'jei.
rnirsinit. o iieplrzabiln bogniie de subrecrc
,i
proltcne. .c sc iglcaptn
si imbosi|rcr de enh t larirnr Staltu s nrvi
Fiurii
Drrxislr.iinria rsupia bzei
9i
swbsrnrtu r. h.cbn. st sa,
\B!di spccirlj+nor i.rrri in
;riiile
sciare dftr i ni pulanie srinddrt
h divilrle. 10r stinrrificn,
Fircilc. rrunci ce)d vortrn de rrd,if,a nlrtipleLr
lrobtene
lcsrrc dc rupia penbu
baz
ri
a vechii lupr5strucrnri,
NDrru
tiulift! Dci brz
9i
a nnei suprasrncturl not. socialhL, lu
t,!l.n
conccpe rQst slldin d o rea
Fi
ncpisitorts ldiyirttc de crb!
rt. In.t ih
te
io.da de nate& a tnvitnluii rnislc. Itarl ffar* ,
irilrt ii er3bDrc $te
,Tez
asuFrs lni FeDdbactri ci
,,titasofii n,nt
'tvo. i1 , nlr.i
.r. d o scrrtrdi. Mlsiun* orului de
tlijnln
nn esi. nlful de a 3rd{
r.ur h.zi
tt
nom snlrmtruduraj ci dc .
lrftlcipa
h nod ..riv !i
iradnd et, contribuind lr .cmlvrea
lroblcnctor
polilie st econ ni,.
r!6'rre de
Feli:xda
de r.ansiti. d.lr cspilalisn t. scjalisn. la el*o
r'&. noildr nomc
liridrG,
ta totuarer si tntirifta noitor insritut|,
Lr inchcsaEs noilor conccplii norale, ta trduco$ in liealr 3 troil.!
$ninlclc
sociale tuc p.rte inresrarti dtn srrBsrtuchra socieiilri
rte. .ei c0 numesc pe
rirdrnur
lliinFror
sciale trebnc si * celiue$ci de invitftuB tui Sbljn rsllra rotuhi
rciiv rl supFstn,clurii.
,,Ban
rxtAoi de dc.eo iri xrBed2n surnenrt.tutd s.,
rentn'
cd sii
lie
ntjnn d. sup6be.lutd,
Fqtn.d
sd
tie
aiLtatd d.1it
.., .d."iatn
t.rit, i. t.a.a
eqh4tt ctlttii sd
lie
richi.tden
t).
slii(tr sdir]n mrni{.khiiisti csre ui dusnri
obicctlvismurui Lurghez, .are inFrDnn cr ideansnnl ftlciion,r
it
cos
nolrlftisn,n. este si rimdnc
!c
.olur ideol'gic
flincip.r
tu doncntlt
rctiviulii
ililntlfi@ iar, losrri,
.,.. r erlicrn' $.ie lovfisu
ttr4 rd lt4cd .Ie pe peitia de aldtdt. t.tird d b@i $t
,
p.
po.it a u L t at t, Ji?i' t
tit"tfr
.
road
d"
"
t
r
p
p.1, i t
.
44 di
tuli"3etodn, 4otdr..t qkd
"t.o
in tteze de t nai
ti
surnrt l rctntt
a.
cn htF aclivftdea rr.dcn pc de o p.rtc
ri
so.irliolrui, pe dc llii prrlei tFbua si diste .
l.giluri rcat Indisohrrili,
N! incale indoirrn si .ceasrt lesitn.i, uti]t
9i
ftccsrrn pir'u
scesul actiritdtji pracrice.
%
rilcrn.iirom *!pr! aciiviErir teo&li@,
o va
ro nuin. eu citerjll ccl nai sisur rt jusleJei
rv4 rorod26
0 inrlurtrc
resunda
11
ihb.sill, .
rtr lie.!! idolosici
a
Fni
nos
rN e dc nrturn si slinnle/i
ii
sn i&Dal:ez
o iorcnst aclivitrre
!c
ililiDnl
liiiitelor
slciale. Mn rfer,
tirduere
romancascii,
!c
brzs Ho6drii
Ro^i. x oo"n
carc ?u
$nnl
prhete
3 volume, prech
,i
a nuftc.oase ruo.nrl de lui
v L I?ni(
ti
t. v sialin nr ed+ii e!ar.le. In at d
r- f rPr!r bi
hs..iL 6nd(,b;hr
Pun-u n.(h
i \{
:'otss' Ro
'
'
'.
. Lul rl d.c'ri h Rod n
'a
i d"or,.turt,..
r,pv J rr.{:n Ir I
' nr, i d. 3J ]l1 :a 9rr. ry,r.r
ruuurii
ri
inrn rii alianlei inne crasr nu.ciioaE sl
lnrnnine, nnD.!
i.(c, cuveriirne
9i
s.rl.rne c.ndtr.irorit r
'
obLT.L datu d. d4da'r poDUir;.
!u
rrt.t!"
,r
^,o
oDtr
n.i
FU, I
"w
it..
sh:, cr.
i. sDtc.F
tu d!si.
'r-
insxs'1.^ 1-r.
o.1.. n
-,1'.
\igr$r
ri
$r*3m ror isur slatin. rn ]Icrtrila conduclloriror
parridu.
'
'
j - r cum"n
"t"
d"
in b"r.
tr..inli
r"cenr
' flr, ,ua3
ts d" -
,1.
i
sliirtiric
la nrtrebirile lnnd.hcntate 3te rvotult.t noast& mialjst.:
.E d^ d4' c , i"
!^prtr.,
,r
roni I dT
.i. .r.b.
.ri
3 co..au.LI
'fsme
r..1rc nh
FU1rii
dc sft cin de tichidotu I .rpftslthutrt ta
lfi
j
.
N.p d .a .taln obligarorre
Etrrnt
peri.aib
de h..nsi1ie d.ta capiblisn 1l
s.brismj edilicrEa conohtet
dsniftclic.
forur
pdtdutd
s fo4d o..
du.ntrare in srahn msin si nnmemse dhL
{.rnd h r'--d
lndFp r'n a. n,rri"' to" st:r'tTa.
r,tos.,..
o
"i
su b
.
'
un"t" $.Fe Lrn m"rir d"reb
a, .i *4$n priviitn purJlimtiitc p$jodjo
ca ,r?).d rr. ,raJ4 sfudi,,
@tcrialjsm dirlccljc
rt
rstoric, ce s
lEdru
io trtive.siiiti
$
insriiuie rle
o sdivitric sri b.srti t! ilesrisart isroricti
ti
fholcsii no9hr-
Ntr ni v.iu dp,i a pra ei, tnha car ca v! ri lnsltrtn i', allc conuniciin
DF cu totie ci cxistn atunite {r&nn pozitiv. ln itoncnirl qiii!
lolor
g,cirle,
n.i N De p!1cn declxrt nki
!e
dcFrte satlsricuti dc cea 4
rn infipiult
pant actrE.
NenuniBle
probl.he teo.eticc bir la !9t no$tri. Ttc.ce. h s
liz.lei
plrnnlul cincn,d
ti
a plrrului de clcdrith$e a
liril, FrcBDl
de hanslornrP sodllisti
'
sgriontuiri lirliri.cr
9i
dcavolisrea slaluhl
de dc;ocralie popului, rev.hlia cnltnr.6 c're se dcsfitri
'n
Fn
n rstl.
-
toate testca ne ptrn l" ficcu. zl, in liccare .eas problen
!o1. de o acftn rdlditrte. rrcle Sirltn de in hc.nrile sale t
lra
ltng'
vtsticcr o genialll ddin4ie r stitntci nrryisie, ea nll ompletn di!
ctte onorie riterahra nrrxisri:
,Mrritnat
aste
$intld
te.i).r de det'
oortar. o ,aiurji
ri
s'.i.rilii,
tttintu
ftNt{tiai raassetat $rrnte
,
en
pbdtnt.,
ttiinla
{i.ta.iei snciatisndui in radte
FtiL, etintd
c.t*niti
so.ieriiti .muisir"). Noi nu
lutm
ivi accastn dcrihitie num.l d
o derhitie I'eitn nol. ct este lotodttn !,
Frosnn
3ioicqrinznto! ile
aciiLiirie
rc
lirinnl sliintctor sccirle
slnlsn dit.ri si conl r ln h o sprarun&in cunoaiteE . lcstlo.
nrturji
si
sci.ti-til dc ditD ziaitorlt socirlkftulul oancnii nuncit
rumal. si int.lcctu.le din
!'r
ncadri. suntcn dltoti si lr.en lafg cd
noscnt adc'nrtrrjrc
rliintel
.3tc a
soroalhrt
ula9'
eror-" : t
--i
, uft!
-vo lod'
r orol{3r" h'!
"'
:nih;h
^i""
r
-*"."*"
". "
inlr'o pcriodi cind Uniun.3 Sovietici s tte.ul Ia conslnttc' 1*zct sd-
berioarc r contriisnntui,
cilnit nftlc
poDor crrincz t smtuar
jugd h'
i."i"li"-,1";,
"a"a
lirilc
de denocrallc
l.pul.rr
constdesc cu tu'@r
;c[nsnur. cand luttl lnpotrlla lnpc'i'lkdulul I luat un
'vn
liri
D-cd^.rl
ri i".r"rr'!s+.i-!
r'ie d"Fnder_c
.i
co or:,1' . . d
_.
ra
o"."
"^i
:"
' --
..- t"i'.
"
lu,l
_
1 : u. vlgarN n^-r or3'
!
rr rl
F
.'.
r'-d i orr
tu-
l, o_d'n'4 d' z' lkn'd'l r
'u$lu' 'dp"ntllsi
9l
vrctorir socialismrlut
lie
scxrd nondl.E.
suiie' dx1.rl. in
tctiv 13 sildlcEa si
"p'o_
fUlitrreanrrYhml.ljnIsmuld.rltiiu,l'o.on',rli'i
c.slei stiinie !3 condtiilc
lirii
nosbe It
siu'lieiea lcsil.r deetlterii
Grii
n.NlE spr eci'lisn
in mndjliilc bsl_
o((
j
de dchocBJie
populari, ln conditiire exisicnlel
Tn.ii
sacitlhdllul
lrmi
pernit si obscw, in prsniezit. ct rinnci .eril vorbesc dc legi
rr.svoriar 2
llrii
iorstr spre s.cillism, nn El
rt r t sti. Ceset:nnssklteit
n,
po
.fc. dtn
pnBb, lilolosii no9lr' inct .o
r.tru rjut.1 sn b baduccn rn romancrtc).
Ircbre sn .iutin in nod diftct,
prin &tivit ter noahi
rtlinlific4
iloare,
jn
opera de intirire a sllrul'i d.
r&1r.r4ie populari
ti
de ediricrrc a hxzel cconomt@ r socirlismulul,
'
,1,.rei do &stizare .
Flanului
clncinal
5i
de traDslomare sociallsii r
TEbuc st abordin u itrdrn c.ln
tttlnlrtci
(caE m e t l ma o
rdinJn)
lrohleDe
ca: ehihbi)tl? iiteNcnile in rlpodurilc ile dasn l,
Lr!
norstri, in dfrsebl Ii
Jrdi
lorlcle nobik alc dcsloltniii societillt
l' c.ndiliile resisnluj de dcdo.ulie
riopnrari;
rotucle
jlridi@
ti
o!
, itutronald in statul de denocratie
populiiir
f i4iuiile strtulnl
ti
.olui
r u in sonstEirar ecialisnnlui
(in
dsselj, in rEnsrorfrrrer s.cialistlt r
,fronleili *on.nir phnjrica6 io cotdili:le reginului dc dcn drJi.
trjrularni lj'biolhnul
socialist
tl
lmbinar4 tui amoniorsn o i.t4-
trxlionarhnrt pmlebrj
pmld htuhi in
trm
no:s
tfil: rczohire.
Frorlenei
mtionrlc si hpta pcntn lhhidr&3 ddinitivn
rl
hslionrlknnlui hurghcz; ioile con..p,tl
,ii.e
("tiiudiiea
raF dc nuncn, r'tn da bunll ohst*c, r4i dc raneje
ei
trniliejr sistcnul fhanct$
el
honetr. iD condtiilc demoo4ici
lopu
'e
-rrbu
nlorqtls,t,t t r d
Apropbtr mlvssrs r 30 dc ani delr tiriiiFr* P.rlidului CoDn
risl dl. Rcmdnls, l&bue sn
Frilejuiasdt
snalizaEa
ttilrlilic6.
intesei'ut
1,r
tuvititurr hr*isileninistn, ! cvDlulicl sociale a
lirli
nostE :,
trcsti 30 de rni sl odali cu t@rstr, lnrilisrrd .olului cl$ei nuncitorE
rrolullomra
9i
a Pdtidnlut ei in Islorla conicnpor!(n a Prrriei ncast6.
Trebue si valDriricdn
lelioasa
noitetrlle lixrti noui de gendltodl
rn,Fresltti
3i l&cutuld. cun su rost: cantcnir, Bilesctr. Brber
9l
.4n.
llcbue st lonbaten ftri crutie itr lucrnrib no.stF contr.b"nda ld6.
1,,!jci inlerialistn
$i
.tmiri!el. .oncepllilDr rildollce reac,ionre, c,n
M arui circublie tn Ronnnii crriblisto'noliercisci.
Irsbli!.ire in
jrhl geiirl.t
r lucrirl alc 1o':rrSalui slalln .su!r.
sriintei
inridice,
tmrici r/r.i si lilcrrtrrii.
!) l-urni d. nilsuri
!regmiiDrE
itr vedcE dcstnr{irii lnstirulurol
de Isbrie
9i
F'oefie inh u. rnsirlur de rsrorle,t !n rnstitur dc Fjlosoie
b) Iiliint3lc,, inh o
leBrecirn
atropisl!, a nnnj rnsiihr de
$iiiile
E@nonnc
ri
a nnd INtitut de
sliille Juridl@:
rt
jtditard
de cihc Etlitura Academicr R.
p.
t.,i de cftre rlL
cdirui a uno" cltesed d. tuonri ipntu1e tn
lublicati
e ,oasrfe,
snpare
dt Ah.serea de dlE Ins rurul de Fibsric
oar prni la clcrrea n,i
de cnlre Iostitninr de Istoric
ti
Fitosofie) tD cotaborare cu rnstitnbr de
ii cuB de .Ernirar, I nnor cad& idcot,sic bu
nermse tn vcddea iniocniii de tuclnli rnpr. pbblmetor
achale .le
rtiitrlci
nr^b1-lentnhte, .pri.rt ra condililtc
ai.ti
no'stB.
Acerci rucru in .e prr'est st cetelallc Insritute, a cntur iniinJ.r,
4l Acordapa uei
lhanent
ateniii fineEtnrui srudios dtn facDr
ritile de
eiiinle
socirre in vederea srrrg4ii tui curajoas in nnDcr
et,t._
snDl
!miteti
acm sn mn opesc rspfr ceroryr pfoblcne crts
ppzinri
!n l.tercs conun
tilnlru
fnosfi si fitotosi.
Tftnre Dirturlsit cn noi, cer @ Iucrin ii doneniul griinlei
nsld
.jitrl nl deshr;i disuri pe r
cnt nai protundi
t,
lemeinici inslE a ludariror rorarirnlui staun
Luoririla i.wdsuhi srdin an dcrehinrr o schhblrc bnieficarorB
in donenill9tiiitet li'Fietj( dnr
lam norsrii. Au rosr an.caie de o
!r{e
rcale naftslc prinaler dD constittrt&
o
piedfti ir crle. d6vo,
tdr
er
njet ri4rrsrie. Lrnrrsrii nogn, ass mn r frrdo
'n
.onunl
crrc. $ ,\crd. ?eislict,
lrcgitesc
o se.ts de lucrirt de n.re ln&nDn
trre pcntr! desvoltaler limbti mnii,e.
Dr, liri indot..li, luc.nribr
sentale
at
t vr.itrrli srrlin ir fr fost nai n3rt, dlci lln$iltri nostri _
din nefe
i
ltnlt
un ajutor nd eticienr din pane,
l''datofilsr nosbn 6tc ln.lnte dc toste si rjutAn h irtdtuFEr
mor nelnnnfili
si
pnrdi
F6it ,
s.c exisr! re .lRuri in rnndtrire rti
nitlild
si zra rrt r ormni d.
$iinli
st rciivjsii ai rrotrtllui iddrrosis.
,{estc ncEnnriri pr.vin
dinlrb tuFrficialn stndiE a hcnril.r
,
'
iri 1tu, slx i' hdaortrr i-porn r c
stuifl-
s' buchencr i
{
ricrd ;Tror orxisn.rciiiisn"rur'
-{slrcl lnii tuvdisi
qiru formai, sub inptsia leriilor tntlmu
xr c rlc hi arr, piEFa
srctitn
cn tdi. fen.Eenele socisle ras
larle
rt din lua, lie din suprasblctnrn
9i
intE ciit t mritul Sirrir
f'rn c!
l',l,r nr ests suprstru.trra, ar lr$ conchzh absurdn.n Inba n! esr'
rle t.vrils.dlui sralii i" iaF
iiiiiFi
t cn.i linurirca laplului cn viaalr scr.rn *c
r r nai *n.bxn delAt sdrciclc rulsariz.torllrr
nasisnului
9i
ci in
tr !x brzi,
j;
ersr vrirGlor rcnmene
pr*tructulile elisli fcn'
'rtr-
socialc, c5s nu fd ptrte nici din bazi, nici din surrrsl cruri
.Ltnta ta"" ,m,
rin
@offi"t'
s
titb
"ot.
o4in$,r
a ttt nt,n.nti"tt"i odrarii ra r" r4/p
t
3p &ru.lri
Aliii si rn *p nat nmitode
rh unitted dinlccti.d 4 timbti tu
9;rliifta,
dEd LrLb!
rtr)dnft. in tinp .e
sdn'!it?d,
ibpd .r,L gtnn rct, Btd
^ccr;.i
n.dundirc esre
9i
ca dc
irspiratic manistn Lui
x nrtinc r.rmda
,,rttrrri
nAntu.
cd
4nsttu
! tat d bdlet'
..
"^:
,r.p
13.. \'! r" i-.ioh
(
iccrliriil n"rabczi si-r raln gindiea dc llnhn
,L prcznir qendir.a
'ic
d*nt o ralarizarc a n3dinurni Gandirea c. fdm:r de njtcarc
dict r sc.arlei ere-nl.le
(r?iin)
nu st-"
, 1:
^
eunt dpnrr{r'i, valalrjl4 in $cic'nla sclavaskii, ca
ni
in er or
nrr:nfl Frc
l]arie
din sulusimdufi
3&le l.nonene carc snt enmc
r e I'n derinitin dafi da iolsrtsu] st3lin
prtstruciuril
-
sindiFl
iticn.
sandirer
rilosotunj
iuridicd t
a n. d.
Fonind delt
snlitr
inlelegeE a noiilnii de remnen
socid' rhji
ri[riri a!
'jnns
l. pirerar cd odatn e ]imba nn csre un fcmhen supn
'irrctural,
ti.ditt
e et de lesilc el tnterne de dcsvollae, intre dei
!
(rm
socrotitii
9i
ddvolbta liDbit nn ar exisi: njcio lesiturn
Astfel. n r'o Eenzic
lrlainil
tazlc prort'ii supra literdull b_
rtc.ntditti s.hihbbe ri
at tdLnnbiltirt soetdE, Ee
rrolI,EMELnsf!*TEbrsocr
dq-ri iil .r
p re d. c,L.sori.: .Dii.nio c i\ ta'duy'
Ilnst,4to
en
d,.- J. rda,a4 sra.r. sr. anki p.o.
Dar bnep_rjr ;,hist teninisri xsulrn dcsvourrii tntcd.sre , limbu
i
resilf ci N re arrstft nimic connn cu reoriib hrsv4!il,. rdcatiiij,
er4loruri ,le ioapa lui Saussure c're ncg3 ih
s.ncra
erlslents olj.aror
;Bi
r,3\vroD4"or'
'.nb:
ar", Looa de.o,:jsE
1
p .ioe.: /i,r{r" i',b.,e D
'tcd
sau
ln hod spontrn
ti
intnnplntor.
I' qc/t -
res.i ,dbir.d td.atrrd. lovarrut srrt n n. :r_rji
.i
irb, ... i6,. i ..
tL.Da.,6
atL,o
"t
nznt""a
"i
dp.aht"o
s de
fitii... De aeea t nbn
ti
blile ei d. n\La\ate
@t ii intur.e ntnai ta
cdz t cdnrt 3 ht sttdiate in terdtlfd iadisotlbi:n
ct isrhid so.i.tdlii, .t
|'nd.'..rlli'
a
qo_.d
"3 tmba,u
lrL
u.
".'
t""1
. e
d sni;.,".
'-
L
i-b'i po ri
I s ud!t" ir
I,d
solub r" t..
situri
cu istoris so.jetntii.
_.
oie i'brpEtare
de r6st fet a inritfttrdt narxhttcnihisrc
ssnprs
rimrrir
Duesrcdccar o |tsificaF
Tor.rirnl stalii arain, in lusririte srre rupra tinsvktrr, ciit de
d.osrci
ri
..nrhisri cslc
Inrere.
pohivit ci.eja r*ca rrec.rii det,
.rritatea rcchc h una..ui pc 6l? decxtlozicr s,rr
4ticr
in nid ohlig,
t. u tunfor ten.meietor sociate ]\4sit rczii a tovrriitutui
sralitr ,E
o narc nr$nnilixle
Frnln
jDsta
tnletegere a rcnoneEtor
sociate din
Fa
listt dc.urg. nu pe .rtc de xDlDzre. ci pe .alm ud Ev.rulii d. sus. d.
duratn El.trv lndeluigsin iifipruitn din nitisriv, pnrerii
crishnre cu
srriliiul nrselor tndne# rn scetatt iel srn pd.recur
,
i *
lctrec
t. nol
tu or ets
'd^
l'td:,
nllions,?3-"rr
r,inba fsce pi*e dii aete f.ioncne socirteL clre e desvoh titi
explozii.
sall ie crlitrrlvc in pmcen
d. dcsoltaE a linbil, dlc;
hcq.a ei ddr. oritrle ra sri.
.,.., na rd
ld.,t w
cat.n eqt1.iai, pe xL
t.n ,,icitii dinlt'itdi a Ncttni i :i
t c.nstnitii arhi ci n" n1t4
"
'',^
-'
'.,''l
'
' ' ''
,
';t
,
" u.i
(
ti,1bii.
r.
dttr dktan:iei,etdt.
n etcnc t.tat.atitnlii
tccti,
z).
\iiqDne cu &'oluliile sociaic, h &ni$bnrib de ortnduiri so.itl!.
ri,rduiriL. soci.lc e schiebn lirt ca linb3 lorblta i! ve.her orantuh
^cesf
lnm nu l.ar inleles iGn unii rincri*i cnmrq
tl
dupt trrilir
1,ui,ilor tovari$lu! Shlin, nu te vener utor si s desp'rti de Mar!
^nLel,
in cadrul discuJict @ ! avni loc dlpi,Frilia hcririlor tovrrn.
!,
d Sirlin. Il Indii3lul cc IsLrie
9i
Frlosolic, tov. AL craur lrirma:
,
. Da.d Ptt.hin &*ed dceedji limbn cu ceo .te nstdzi, notiLut este cd
trud.olitatin in dirc.lid p'nsresutti s'a prad6 dejo pe dtueo hi
h6.lti^. Fdtd cd butaheid sd
li
hnt incii
trtcrca
patiLiad in ma d, ea o
rrnt o in oti@ .a2
re
.4 eahhicdr .
ExemFlul dat dc tov. craur * iDtoarc. inpotrlvt lli: ln uemea Iul
r6cl1ln, burgheil rusi n avo tncn
luld.r
ccononi.i in hnnt.
Si
totutj,
linbr rorbitd in U. R. S. S
9t
rcu, i! epDca de conshnlre a conunk-
otbili de Puichin, ih e!.ca de doninatlc
DRt.ritil iirlu.nki d:luniio?1. a scial!-i Iut $ar. in linEvcti.r h.rs
ri, J.r nanirc$at, iar
!e
rllcud se n3i nrnifcstn
ri
iod p .rnic6
htrdinJc dc wrsrtre a nrxisnnlui. Acril Pcirolki a atjns
'n
teacrl
dieuLie dri rcvisla czn
,rr,i4,
d ier.a,,c&h s.i ne sdt nri". lli vonl $iriili in c.ndcr.:c
si iduc un sinExr exeFpl!
-
3ccl3 al .rtlc.lulul .recum
lrosfunttic
tintu,i $xi.lnted' enn^i Ae Acad. L lor&n, cnrsr in
!
b ru6ir
,,$i
ih ott nod infht*ledzd clktdld .l6d.t
Fi
.atdgonit t
socinte dsxra @rt'ini n dstte..,
-
scrie Ac*j. L lircxn
-
.. ro
ft^tut apetulie erpind tu.tuti deasebite, .lu,ad .tn it tastest.
.,oeaeedt,
in
ldtt
sn").
Fiinacd dm
rndit
.le
rnu.dii,lehre
afir& rn nai atet
ei f,setld v lrtubdj sl'e.int.
li
si snt
volasi'niti,
ta snsd
cii
ttdicd
ab4"\ir o
pralesiu"e
.lia .ar tdics. .. L nbajut
ryrya:
u 6te, in nek pixinte, si an bnbdj b\^it, u rI tu
ttnt
!rclcsiotititrt,
dar 6te,lnoi c s.dnni un tinlboj s?ctd,
nenn,
Ffi
d rcn! torteat
,
sn t
krcBca $
sd t nr6e contrd-
intlird.li.i aqarliLa
1046 rnb|i.d
')
Fdrn indoirlnr ler'tc rdlianrncnt? n'rn cont nil cD nimic ia inb.-
snJiftr rtiinlei
rirobsie din
lam
m$tri.
I-i.hi'bpr hoinritn
9i
energiei a dnijitelor
rl
rnlilscehrelo.
x,misb esre o pmbleni e.rraE a
tilinlei
rins'i8rjcc.
Tolar4nl Stah a arirrr in lucrnrib sde ci narrisnul duc tn Dod
ineeri'lril Ir ideslisn. ,\@asin inCicstj. a bv.rirnrui Sr.Lr estc exb@
dc prcJioasn si estc foarre Fsftt3hil ct dnpn
lutLi@rr
rusntror t
vrrn'alll stdlin unil li4altti
,,nau
orrscprf
,lmJitn ni&.sptatn inlotriv! c.ncepliilor ide.lista in
tiiinia
linbiL
rn n(grrsiic! ncashi, influ.,rFr
at inluenia sarei hi iIm. In anur 1947
r alerut la c.psnrxg3
ri
Bucnrali 3 d.r ediJie Fvizuti
9i
dnugiin
a iucdrn r1cad. Ar. R6.tti, ,e nat rrqd:rro tj)ana th@'.i. gln nle.
Ii
'c.sstri
$ e,6te ddvoftlii o ltufie
jdealBl;
iNlrratn din ludilile
lingvltiilor tdealitii occidcnrari. re bszr nnol ci$t dln lins]lrd ide'lirti
rltotui susttne, in a@asti cr/re, .i
,,nici lit^oldt,
tici tirtlr,lt@ nr re
lu
ea'd l"ijt tdte
rdrm
d d.re.li it tu)d
rrc6s
4ntei.ritat.d
uin.
niii aslprd r"lbii sdr o titnbii asutn
snnnirii. a.p.
.ti.,
!
9). An
,,a|ice
in2., atioit d. sihpki at
li
e4 ene inc d icdb n in erenta ei;
tihtd u tld .t olt o inalirc scr'sridricd
$
&loma,a,
(!.
10).
$i
nai
dcp"trer
,,unii
,j,rrrnti dz .r.2 tn palatetis,trt lrnbii
i
3t
ltdrdilii..
^rene
(li'natii
u .Lresrunn
ldpteL
te|k. Nn tik erpr6i. hn
ltrislid
itnpficn in noi. ahtisntaiu e:.i.st.nt6 uwi
f,ttne
de
llandite
d'
resprn'itttu.
.
.,Lnnba n p.4te
tu|a
in
Nd ela.t tqlitq,tea,
q
nt
este eq)t6La on motd a teatitdtii. Linnd esle, in @nseciltld, ine@td
,i
atur'un'
lp,
r2).
,,Linba
cd tagos ate, ia
(4ecintd,
o aertli2
spintLda,
.listinefi de natua tuilrtun &dtd
(p.
a0). Acad R *rfi
3rr.a h ac$stt Irorc ca adstt al Dei tni fclrle rAsldndtL.
ti
ia
.artume rins4tilor idearirtr, anue t&rlr
,ir.n'ero',"
rsrh cntic*n
incn de lrDin in ttateriaisn
i
e,tpiA.odicin, t{.ie p trivii cnr13
dvantnr N *te dccal un
'enn
nwisrit', i^t
,kstttu'!
htumnt!
tksti:|ic
,i
tuctut sdu
liinJd
cdteia i se dpticn det v' de pitdd lntrc
.uuantut
,,btu" ,i ,,baul"
nnnq rtd, este 6Lnt*d, nltui@ld sa
ari']m$unl agn.sti.c,
idealbte, ]i se
loat
ri.s
,,s.
spne ca
sAnttulite
ia ndltde
tin
eap l aruhi inrintu n
o
Jt
e4itute in @tbire, .d iau ndeterc
l
d ndtetiotnt htui,
Idrd
in&ti'xt tibbii, stlo
f6nn,
d sd .icen ard, tudd. DE
nc.rns ene d d.sndrtire
fdx.
ali.e oij^d
A at tua Nrroa
in co\ul amatui, ele pat sd se nascd
t
sd eririe n/tdi
?
rdrd
n'tetwtutti ti bii, pe bozd tet,ngnitot
ti lozetu
linbti c64
tlrli n!11s, tiberc d. moteriatul tinbii, tib.re de
,,
otetia ndtr
ntd! 4linbii
^n
cdstd.
.,LAnbd
sste t.olitota ne'niit'citd o
lJAndnii'
(vam). R.d&dted
saadiAi
k nhilestd in tinbn')
]\J fi d. hr.e folN
lcntlx
lingatutj$ no*tri, det
^cait.
Rosetil,
I'c.m 9i
Acad. 1. Lrdan, nL ak citui lucrnri si ormcnii de
ttii"tn
so_
lictici ru relevst pr*ntr c.ncepliilor ldcalisie srssuhne, ar lntre
ride o B*alurE oitici a t@slor 6Dccp$i
rs|iri fcln lele concerlit rciciiotrare
i.r'ine,
orc .u rvql .lelatie
i r liDsaisticr rcnenea3cn tMinle de 23 A!g!st.
o hsemnatn darcinn conui a lilosolilor si ]ln8vi9tilor esic ofr
lil.,ca
9i
dcnascarea degradrnlclor te.ii
ri
en.eptii cdlrilaic de rn''
nlli
FeuJosrvtrrli
arhli in slnFa impeftlisnului anericai si enslcz
cd si
'lte
slii,tle, litgvistiB cale hansrornain ae inpIirljilli de
iirDi biro arni
in.irpendonlci altor
r''
D .fc. inlr'o arni a lclilicai de
prcsnirc a mui nou
rizt iu mondirl.
rloniniliel asupn inlrei lumi
dehtsle. .ce mri ]a loci cst asl:ut
!,r nmita
F.odli
6enM$cn. sednlicii au rennsila
prclentie de I
r z.!vi, cu ejdorul rllologiei, t.ic
P.blenele
soci"le Ei x'flrmn nict
Dii nnlt nici nri
pulin. ci principrla calzi . ci.cntrilor 6oci.l 6mti
i, neinlelcsere' sdniricaiiei s
LLed cn
,,rscisn,
rsisn, crpitaliBn' d ldrl decdt cwintc LipJile
"
.lntinln iesl.
rFnh!
ca si dillfn fir.nii dpl..tat
asuprirea,
irfliclcle intrd cl.sc. Re@it, {tnrra on connnici zirnl P.,ttu d'e
hnuic6,, ps^nu dlnbsdlh potulani Fdactonl mei
N
h*il rctueni &lett rl snan
.,,b.r ctrvitntnlul clpitrlirn, d nD
'lt
ovAhi, pentlu ca pr s'hinb
'r
I rmcnulni tii curn.. chlpurilq antllatia
pc caic o stirnette caplr'tisid
il ir i.est fel sn [c]ide. bpt, annc'!i1d1sti.
un ndepr de nrrim. ori a sdci scmantica este si d
pa.odi,
.epE.
i"
l,
pr"s.
A,eq oon.
EJ,
! I o"{, rr c. propu
ncrer uninnii sovieticc, d a indude
in ordins dc zi I confcrnrFi
ccro,
patru puleri
F.ohtena
.btigsrii liti i dcmnilanznrli cern,il.i si nrdnhi.
L r
".
f-'.i'i r' .i
.s^
nx.lapkoir,
if, ru.t
k/i fo.mu' roous -sla
l.,r sfDri",.
,:d,i rrr,-a a_ r*
nenii rdsali
lcrtru
traducerca sdstut
.1.
In@ririk de s srtva protrlcnele
sciate
9i
potilice
3te ijhpuluj
nGrtu d ajuiod ribbgtei scnantlce nu lunr ducai loi Dnfturn ,b
'eputln!.i
$tltrlismnlnj
rerrva ,.esre probtene
,t
t. roddi' hir uii 3t" de o.-i
"
J I
s!k,c_
o.i.e,.r"
lhpouJouay
ri
cul vi om"l- cd-a-e
r,, id^rusmul_t _
$l'osis
-t.
irstionxtis.
L nE1 UI \v. r.
"3d
d-siJ+ r 3.1,1 i
d.-pt o
l":","
-
1"'1.;
oor,uiri. ddpr pjrr.1
lrccoM4zn
o rmrulG ringvistici, pmpnne
si se desrihlaze pn4irc
lohi/i: tubslxntiwt, dcorre.e ealsteilr
tut dn nafir sa se cridi.i
in reiurab, adjcctlnl pcnrrucn
cxisr{ta lni
rror
nsrc delr pkrica ci aticctele
ii
frnbrc au prQrietiti
rcare
9.
a. ;. d.
A@lerti ilrt ta impi.tiseire
;
nicii ndeod, dxca ta kletdli.icd fotsd,'.
rnh.qrr derlr fir.tosic at tuJ whirche'd. Ru$.I & co. are c. scop.
sn submrrczc concertjile d.tertsnstc tn giinli,
si intromze ifti.nalis_
nnl, nistirisnul si obsdtrantis si rrsisrome
eijin,a
lnrr'un nrn.c de nenlinerc a doDnrarici inFrixlrlte
rr rctivitrrs t.,. fircosii s:nrnii.i Fe ciliuz.sc d! di.ecliva drli
de nnur din cer r,i de {aht reprezent!nti al captirtLrlui nonololist
rna.icrn Heirl n rd:
,,Fititi
pe
tati sd @t
^ca
enltclEjte".
P6tru iilortini"ea semrnlicit nicrrards, Ogdei
!t
djii 3n
jDrs'i.r
r.in^nrr b'si.cnglish.
J,rdai
cititiltlit
ti
d.na at:t
(d
!u..uvi.ra ifrleri3l'srul rncrican. N. n) z ,or
ri.,i
_
sdie
li\ba etlt tn 4 ajdanlt bnsi..erlti:h trt
rd rtet brbn rtaaotiandri(
r tiiirci iid.Dcndente
'
dr-imtrci n.nrtrle. dlsi slb fibr
srorA', dc inncrialisnul .(lo anerican.
a iftor
}olorrc
de cucclrB
,.?.)raartt
r' da tinlbn onlto.
Lucrnilc torariaalui StdiD a
pra
lingvisttuei suni o a.rn 6r.b:t
dc lupli inlotrir. 1$riiror erprnsio.jsie, cosnapontc ale ldslosilo'
rlrfli3l:srnlui ,n ricrn. Lucririlc tovart-sului stalin por'dc dela ide,
r! l cclre popor are dEFt 13 ltnb! sa mfionili.
!d
mP rrhc do dB
v(u0
ti
eo intirt3.i. Victoria sochlismului. dupi lnvnlttnr. lo'3rt
Ninilea Innibr, nici la inftnngcra std su
rrutoarca
umr lihbi {rc ciird aliel DiDpotrivn, in ondiliile vrctoriei
e{i:lisnnlui ntcl
'orbi
nu
P.!1e
li despre Bugnnaxa
9i
liJrtngect
uL.r limbr de cnhe .ltele, ci dinpotivi, lre roc desvoriirea
ri
inJlorile'
lrmbilor nalionsre,3tr cm o veden in tultin5li.nalr Unlune. Rep!
tricilor Socialhlo Sovicrice. Socirlisnul
'du@
cu cl inllnrires fnri pF
socialsr. ct lond, nationd' ca foBn, adic4 &pi
$tiint.
hngvistici dln
!.rr
no.siri re de
nr +iilr.rea accitel infloriri,
llnbil nrlionale
ii
a cu'tn.li nullonalc o tdlce
nostrn ca
9i
in @lelrlte
liri
de dd@atic
nea si anrlizu b.satui
!$snm
d eltfitat.
, doneniul lingvhtrcei
prsertsl aci Scsinnjl
Tomdsul ch. Glmrshiu-Dej
carc a@ n o narc atrnlie
lroble
lor lcgrte Ce desvoltdla lintii rondne, luend dnottlntn de r@sl
,,lnft
un
etutM
d.
loine
hate i senndtat.. Docd auta6 cest l
tt'lt
1n $t Bil t4 :)i orticofta t i i:r pncticd, 6t ndltd stinn
lsi
tr dltoste\
topnrdd
n stt
'
.
Ne rnntne si din lingvtitllor n.stri deplh euces in rhasdcs
rDni nnnir t.t hri narc de rorte nDl. prorsDetc it actlvliater srii.!r'
Ij.ii si in &alizea rrosrrfrul
i prcznia! Sesiunii At ftt, torusi,
jo
!frNtn ordinc de ldei, si ni oprcsc pc scud asptu t doui sru tlct ches
rniii. in ce
rr.ncnre Dr.btnr
r.niirli linrrii: csi. neindoielnic ci
d.plin al
lr.ccsulnL
atit de conpl* .l
nri esre necalrrn o asidliL
$i
ssupul.isi rti
i f
r
".
dr.
'i.11
D'u!
limtii si . poporulLti r0nln, crh
Lir3r'i,.!j i.sti arati cn, n, @er ca
trn?tt.
cele 2 clchcftc lundi
hentale rle timbii: fmdrl
lrincilal
de cuyinr
9i
grrnalcar etdcntul
'shanic
erle pxcmpnnibr
in tinba noashr. Torodaii, in vocrbutra
nn lor de srni, &cn N
lrecunpniilorL
n ocuDa etementul stav. h-
rauircr clmenlului shv in fondut
lrincipr!
de cuvintc csle foor{.
!l-
ieinicn
li
chtur dupn cun
jusr
elevn Acad. R.s.tti. inh\n sisrsn .tar
de inclis d linbn eun estc norforosir,
'
!nhu*
6 pronantat! i!.
Studlae. influenlei srave ssllB fomirji
rj
devolrirlt tinbii F
nAne esie una d cere nd acturle
ii
insetuare sarcini alc ltnswidiel
r.lslft In acesl domcniu au exisl.t falsuile cel nli
sbsotsne,
tjchjle
ce sarrh.rii iiter.glcr ai ctr&tor doninanr. in scopul de s ne izol. dc
pop.nn rus, ds uniunc. s4viericn. sidiLd bnrentei sbw nt linh,
vieat. de st3i
9t
cutlua po!.rulni ro&tn est un factor imp.rr,nl da
snanseE I resirurlror
dc frn easci
lrierAic
ce nc l.asl de popdftre
,-_iror
sbud dd dtuooJ
5
tio!.ldri.
cJre nlq, i
o nD, npFU...cr
poFrd D@hia.
ti
e cet albenez consine s.ctdituul studlul nr
fluftlel slrre est ml ales m facror de stl'dlgc.e I tesilnrltor dc pd.
Lnie 3i rriiic cu narele
InFor
rxs. cu
FopDtut
norin*n
,i
tu .rte
l.
lro
o 3te eriber*.rrci si
Fiicncj
iortre, cihdela sochliffirlnl si I
ticil
-
Uniune. Sorietici.
Din aercrsi motive dcd cn tiigriitii nostri * rtbui sn rcordc utr
pchanent ajulor
nr
!ar{
noaslrt. Ri:pindiEx
Ijnbil nr s lae
!e
cu t tut
rlre otiecri,e de.ni
risrandjrel dc citrd slnbirsii tui rold
ri
Mors.n a linb| enst,a
onafi d doDdnfirer li.irti ms sa rtcpandesre
rchjk
jdeolosie
hni
!j3l si3jinkli a
ptor
nart
tl
nici b o fiintn de srrl
Fr.prie.
I. o tinlrn si o cuxurt na
nd-- o,^,i"
Es,i.ojFa
t,^b. as.
1 ,-D., r._;
dF1 t. !...
ia rr
-.
..
".
su -.
-r+,
t,"t
.
-
.,
roa.
relo. opft ale
qnturli
progtukt
h$j dslindls tezarntut nee.t
rr sriinier h*
;i
sovielrce
,,rstoria rlatiirot intft
turoare
_
scne fito-
erul scvictic iacut
-{.
Mordriov _
nn ctn'ofe olt *,Lph at nci
dnl d. nan inrArit, pmtuiste
as
fia
ouq popane,
6upra nltllria
"i
,iaiii ,o,. A..,dea
-ri
p" a-. a
.4.At6
DDt
nd
tu r.ttlro.!
\'
i
|6\|i
|l\'4r
I Nadd
l
rln|i
S@i.tiu, aL
ldnlrt
.t rtdvotie ppdarn. ye.tm
1i
o1a amail.r
muncn din inttooo lund'
(l\t.pr.si
Fit s.fit, Nr. 3, 1950),
In sftrlit, cateva clvi e in legiiurt cu d$voltarta rlc viftor I
limbii DnAne. Llnb, romani litcrarn . sutertt in uttiDele de@rit in
fluql. nefasti a
jaryonurui
dc slton al ctaselor ddnrD:nte. rn ti bi ,n
fo6t lnhodue ,ellntJare bdbrishe Dxponenlit .dturir bughcr!
! trsidcrsr .i linla liidara, .u cnt m.i grcu esic idlele$n de
Fopor,
e' rlel cste mi alersi. Noi nc cxDdnnn spcrtnla ci liislbrii no96i,
iiraL x.i reFta
F.
purittr, liri ri iriia p
-{bn
rtund sau pt'
I
'ji
lnibii litcrrrc d s$!n
ri
a iproriiclii ei iot ntl drl de lbb.
vobitn d
lopoi
In tricinn c.z .u
lntcm
ri de Mrd cu
Farerca
expri
i,ta inir. Idcrare . sa de Acad. I lor&n, caE
prcconiza u tel d.
N,lcetic n:iurdii a rsloqismcl'r. Dacd linta Diiii.sui indlf.renJn f!!n
,r. cr.s. in schinb clas.le sunt deprme de a Ii indif"Fnre raJn dc Inbii
..tftntii mane hrtiiente $upra hosulDi capibli.t, rlcsoftft3 linbl,
lcbue nrdtun11i.
sl
rolme, in
xfi de linlr vorbiti de potor. Totodatn trebne nrdtuna1n
t
imnognliret
. In U. R. S. S. s-" duc. u nne avant
.ctivititca de inbognlire a llnbii ulionrle
miiei\]lsF.jalcxnstibitnr'cestscn!.
i,Jn!!'t aDNqFlo ce rii de temcni noi, djn diferile doncRii ale
triintet
Noi. 6i e nunci
rc
lliemul sdnt lor $ciah eEn ajutorul
Lrgistnor
rdha
rmani . mor ieffe filo.
iri.l. cs n'd exisi.'t nr uecxi in linba n.*tri. lJnul dii b.nenil
rorrtc
sr{
trr&cribil in limbr roninn Ss introdrs in linba ,o6trn
Dar
'nr
si tradncan cudntul nse$, de lrrst
.inl3lic in litcDtuD idcolosrci
,poliinGt
? unii an aiuns dn
rrdDci
,.laninilale,i crcd ci
i
rlci lin$irril
tritrd .n un dvanl dc qrus.
idc o bdnldi
ti
sbansi 6r2tomE
p.aic adle o valre$n onbibliid It
prrl,lme
stiiniitie
si ]l de$oliter limbtl
ftl
,
pnttu re tr4i!il. x L v. sbli,
rr.ziiti
o *cspttonali ins.nlnfnte astd feli rt liter2turli si srtei.
Litemtuh lnui
rDrff
esia u. rabnh ir rinbii n4i.iare. Dxisr!
{ca nai nrrnsn imnhtire innr
frctrlcnerc
{rrsv.llirii tildrtnrn
ri
er'
^1.rtir
sars
lI
caro nirrism.lenlnlhul o ahrdd
Irnd
lut sdis
/'d rr ljiemiu.ii n! nnurcci nnru nihic aihti. drli
ior,r,i
rdin rd!.,
rnnbij in carc sdDi s.risc oF,rtc d. rilTrhrn
rno&Lr1trLE glnNTEhn
soc
iedr J sit. i.4
'rrt,
rer/llri !i s
1.
{,qp- rri
,,". u p,_r".r.
lt.
. r
tuo, ,,..
t., , .or s. rlu:
Chslit
srdovasnu
c-3n", I'c,, h.-
din t.. Pu 17,
-,"3,
ii @rtspundca o romi bda
Pe
jocul
{crp
dc cniire,
!e
o nrdqrir
. I
-"'"","
:l-,-"
":..
..,d"r.4e
i
.
u..inoJi'rd
:':.
'|
,"',","':.
|.'
^
' |'i'"
l: '^''I rt
'u|titi
"1".1'.':"'
rathat trdt nt ie
}td.t"
\itu
r-
.. r"r r
"i"
varoros
. rjlnr pu
>i
,nutu h nferj(iLi:
ri 3,F du
t1-L-
s
...
,
,...
."1,
ra
r.rF
rord ,cst^
.c n.
3oL.t':,i,,
rai) usr
..,L-Lt
fost uiali r.ci in anul 1947. inlr,o
Nhllrti.
prefts
lFl..'l'Ll'
''.|':1""'p'-.''
rr,,irie
c'
*nrbj .
d.spE
,,pilrore si
b!$oasc JarniriF"
9i
desFs rlrc
! | r
roctte ti
lirsristice ln aea"li pubric.lie, nn
,,idcolos"
d ei
n rfrtr linbaj v;dit obsN,
rted
,, ,,r'{dmnti'tc, *spnndite de lirs'i$rji dleti in
ctr ]jnlrn unej
,,nr'i'li
ds
T
oale aesie! apartn
9l
dtzr mmenea rberalii
nu ar nai
!uh'
.Frrc rn
!ar.
nor$ri sditer
o l]llti insn si
lnshnm
cer rri narc vigilcnli ldcologicn inl)ot v'
r
.
,iri*lor
si
{niniscnlcld riiqatu}ii
'recadote
,.i
cosnc?clita.
^vcn
dpptul depiin 3i le @ren sditorilDr
ti FDclilor
notli st 3s
umlei noasi,c cr:atii
p.!ulare. stsi in
l),
gi,tclsci timba, hand dFpl nodel pe nrii iosiri s.riitori clasisi, !i
tr rie insiduiiori c! ei insisi atit in ce priveitc fondtrl cnt
9i
in e
t,
'-
(.
-, olero. o-
i i.as
Dutca
nuni
F
L\*bid c!-
sl
Ic
irli iici
-
culiivn un Imhaj nahftnsq pe
flr p.are cil confundn n nod
sr-rit
cu limb"idl
,Ld
r.c!i
ciccrone Teod.Es.u. Fr Jebeleanu
-
sc mai rm sistila lne
E. JebclcaN solc mttorrcle nrho
loczie
indiep.
Lii in!.t w VsticimJd:
Po.zia a.aastd hidr.ulicn, pentru & fi
lclessn
v $ebd banlsi
e slf,ncturt
Famallc.li
iiiio buni Iinbn reni
mritr?lcxzi in nod nepemis gmn.ticr,
'Iot
ougci Jcbclernu 3c.te inlio
loezic:
Esie
yor!3,
pmlrbil. da stfucii carc cA i c. o piduE care d6t.
lii croden ci c vorha de o pidr& crE creite
ti
cinta, incAl subioch'l
siacir' rlirtre fnri predjcat.
nonen tollt
lrca
rnsrlndit ni rltr
ntrlli
F.cti
isn dzt sm! i6 .uvinrelor. Aer dispfl rali dc
cste o mDtienirc a lohrlisndui un
poct
scrie despre
,Junn
fluvialiri, despre
,ivoritrl
carc
cdrsc din cistdni" Mihri
rronlde
ca inir.e$t
rmasine conplet lifsiin de &ns. Tol el .onpa.t. tractoiftle cu
,,cob.
SiLicir vcBhulanldi ii lre pe p.c!i si roptc in noil obsednt
aelcasi .n *c. TalcDt hn
loct
D. D.slitr rbuzerzn
de Qvintc ca hivalnic zvactrhl, clc. Lr poetul Ba.onschii dnpn cun
iust r obsnst rcdsir Yidlz F,-,im.s,t,
talul,
dbl sau
Firull
apele sunl neEu a nbte
ierpi,
fri$ani.rer
sr-
unii
!!^eti
.buzeu i de rcs'onrl
cuvl ul oft!: esta nai dG irtretulnldl daat chirr dc Ioctritorii accstet
&srnnl. ,A.l!ii frc rbnz dc aillisn Caid, lolbiidrsc desp& hntele
rcv.lftionrr rlc huncibrior .deritiii ni se spune ci aeastr s'r ln
linput in Inlrf sau ln F3u 1933, cand ni sa spure cn o$rtii n$tn
caF m luptaf i&lotrivr tnplo! niileriste cnr ii*hrti cu l1inL,
3e$trsun'rr{ificirlgiafuNliq
Tmdinrcrc,.!rclet4uxisie,,. rclci rendi._tcle de
c,mbirurc si rldicurialc ce t vart$ur stllnr, n'
ru fost i.ci d.ri iv eesrndncinare in riierrtura noastrn. cand PallidDr
3 lu.1 Iniliatna
stlitoijdi
critenrului lui Eiliesh, lnil sdiirDri an
opus ezktenti restei initisrive adniralile. Murlr poeti lindr dan Drr
nurli atenlle
Fehajlhi
induehbl dcat onulul nou socirrist si rerr-
tiilor nol nn.c .rncni,
!ar.
noashn. Aceeii
!@1l
Iri in.hrpne cn pciilu e sduce
ckrr{e esite ddjtrN si t$r.zi i' nod fom.l o tcnr din pr.dnclie.
cs.r e nu.e d nnlte ori l. o sinrli cnunehre rinrli a unor rEnnunta
lchnico,,luhlir,,.inovrtii,,,,$soane,ij,pturne!,, er..
Popohr core
locljLr
sl pmzato rllo. n ottri st cultive o rimbn ltlrfn
bos.tn,.xrc sn si sor.bi Losili.
sn b csren si dea nri ntrfti dentie
r:mmatiei
c&, r5r cun m inyrli
touritul slrlin, coiditre, inprcDni m fondnr
])riNip3l
de cuviit,
,,r.-
"1di11
til bii. e*'tn stciticutui er,
1).
Popotul cere poctilor 6i ol6v o
lirbi
l)reisn ti
oxrcii sn dca
l-d'[nta dFriti se.sulni cuvinrel.r.
dprcsr d onp4.tijrr si
-i,-'
."'
-."."
,".",,.;""
i,-u,
I\lbuc cr poetii
ti
sdiibril nogtri !i lle sirlini de orice libcralis
fati de nrnifestirilc de cosmop.liiism fornrlhn, trrrurelisn rtat in
or(ele onlratilor lir c1t
t
it
'us
F d'1"
-
riirmtn.n, ir!.biva lrictmr nrnirestiri de subrpre.iete a nogtenirlt
orliuEle,
'rlorilicatn
in nod c
drrea linbll ronene in
tcoa[
,{n dmlial doud nmusla dc lislra roninn .Firuie ln snnl 1950:
a 2 3 elen ntari
ii
el
lentru
clNa 3 5 r cl+
Crer cc ft tbe5tc dcla
lrima
kd.rc ii nanualul do cl3$ , 2 r' cs o
raplnl cn
lenttu
alcmdiPa accaini
iralmenle din
licziile
lul .^lccsandri sa! C*!rc, in I.d sii se &det o
snoavi s lui lsliFso, rn rrigDcnl dc
Frozi
{rjn S.d.veann, rlciluitorii
rd prelerrt st puhlie in ac.st n,naal.
proza si poezir
.inl
$!
inrrmviz4r De siet la $,lirorii clrsici nu &
Fot sisi !.ezii
sau otere in
Drorn
dcsp.c rerlitat.r noui. s.cialisiii
sii se rmrgn I hciti literxre scris: itc
dinht cei nai buni pcnttu nlrmlul drt ln ntciun
gz
nn c addisibilii xclndei$ ruolpc t tali djn ninmlul de ljnha r''
nin:! a lrngnlll.. de liG hri clasj.t, firn de crr. cstc .u nepulirti in
n'irer de cilre.levl suiei bnnc linti mnancsti.
Caractedstica
nan*lului da dasi a 53 stc .nundenlr nd. de
haduceri sc publici ntr nnel traduccri dnr scliit rii nari, aar
!i
meL
djn sdriiori
putin curlsorli In gcnc.e, sitrdicEr linftij mnnne pe baza
unor h.aduerl este un hou cu totnl inrdhtuibil, rspft *itic.t ite
!.
Tovfial Strlin ne iirrti ci linlr
!i
Ierilc ei
p.t li inield. ntrul
li dnt cind suit shdiate io indisolulrilr lsgiiu.i m htarla
P!.ruhi
cituia ii apsitinc
Nn fr.en &cit si irgrmnia cu.slti llnbii. a r.ndtrhri el de cn
yinte.
a
Frrnrtiet
ci, dr.i in
ronAni, pdnen erevii st invele
tradtcit r o.rzioDrl
Dste dd doril cs tn riitcarele ediJli ele nanmleld de limba ronani,
l3 brza stndiului linbil si lie puse orddla dc
lrozi ti
pGzie ale 610.
nai buni sorit ri ai nostri. aoeasta rsitudn'tre vr
jucr
ti
un n*
rol cduqiiv, iNurlnid c.!iiL. dii lugdt opilirle dr:g.shr
roltN
limIs si iiterallra rona,,n.
ni litratura n asbn m lipss tladacdi foarre bnne djr opetlc li
rn nle de ftunlaqi
.rrrniza6 si stinnratt
noarl4e 3lit atudi ronaner c mrii literatui tuse
5i
sovicticcj preun
si 3 ritddlrii ptusrGisie din rue
Jiri.
Scctn de fitudmn;i arit a Acidhiei R. P. R. i n birr nisiune
rplicaea
lrrctict
a invdliniDlclor cae lebue
irase d rucliiF torsrillnlli Strh
p.aie, oitcn
9i
id.ie Irerala p&drrer llnb{
ri
ftdrturli romen
Linbq n. invrli tori-rlr slann, eslc nn nijl@, m ajutoml dinis
.ancnii o:nnnicn rn1re ei, t,c schibn de idr
Fi
6e intel reirroc. rr
renea no:stri, ca.J de loc
Frccesnl
de licblde 4 clr&ld *Tlo.ls
to.&
ii
de ftnie
'
lnirilii
!.ritim.noBle
3 p.p.turui, caid ideitc
tuLrnnlc,
9riintirice ii
rehniE tunr iisusfte iftr,o nrsli ror nai Dfe
dc csnenii nnncii robr riDbil ca Dijloc de 6DU
ptli, ceviie dssnir d nRrc.
crsele dfuantoare
inrretin*u isDoranta
ei
anariabclisnnr,
lineau
deparle d popo.bnolit linbii noerre. Lnrgvi_sti
5i
pedlcosl, scrjit ri,
lurricisri,
&iivrsti ri fronrutni id@losic, sn fxcn
totnl phb! 3
Frdrce
rccsie cono.i nesare irnftn bn rl nrrEExtul
,{m arnut h'i sus cn rib$fii nn nu acord*
q'ut
r, id nisrn sltis-
fiicntoaE, lnrFdstiLr si .moilor de
ttrhF
.rrc tndcun tn r|1e do
neDii, spmri'ie de
itjintere
scialc.
ii
mai shb r rost ajutotul dar de rilosofl orn$ito. de
riijntd
caB
lucrerzn in d.me.tul asa )Dmil.lor
*iintc
porlive lrzi6 si natema
ika, crrjnix. srii,rere thrle, biorogia.
IcaJoniciriul ltilii a ritar in nod convinSnior in connnicar.i
c0ecthn sdintel, in ruina inr4nruril rovad$ulul
stxlj.rfulllbraisistrpr$h.uctlrli'
MTDIN.I R DN I AM^NTFJ IS1
!1"'Dlu
'l
,..L.dec-.n.,.,:jr-d,
"
prL
'u."r
so. - r.r
"rc
o'"1ii
r!. ,xnie rre o nrlillire
!r!emid!
6uprg
triinlci
." n
.
r a,
,on..,; o" r'f oursbdl
'{)
t cf\''
li
u. dlmul tsrsifi;i.i
qlii(lei sl nesirii lnevnrarilor
ttn4iflce
ohiettve
'.
4--'
"-.q ".
p'
'o"irr(r
o"
'
Lot tP?
',
t-.
""...-
s --,o...rhr'd'r
,c 6^ccot-'ld
-"4
1.o.3-
r
."."""r.',. ,:..,
"
s' \on! o" ros
rl'; psool g oedagoF"
'
1,
"-
u..
"..
*-*" *
'
'i.
"o!t'I"
! c L ulss d' d eolr'
.r*arct
jr"r"at"e.
rrire slcmse aje riziorosret
"u.cc""l"
D du-" iL. l.lo
.
"""" ",
",;...
o^. p!'r!.^ -_s11o'^
src
,,,-"-
" ",r-,
O.ds Leo6qi ctd. d
'4r
, {rre nde nisuti existmtei in U F,. S S t unci bri economle $-
ii.,l!$.. cxisln,tei sirtului srirlisl. insusirjj de citre savrnlri soviii'i 3
, tr ri rr n s s se riuresta inhln riid rrliid bazr cononict' so'
o,listn a s..ietdlii Strtul de dcn crati.
!6pdatn
srinutsv,'!
tn nod
trtiv nunca itiinliricn,
o .ig.nizEun
9i
ii dd orlentarea, oevi oldeni
ir it stii.ti o.diinnri dc d.slie f.vonbih
I;.'!i.;,i
ri
n"i!it'* lui Mirx, EDgcrs, rinin
ti
srrlin
ei
ci
,.*r.a.."" a"
""*"tl
iivntiturn
in acii{iist'a
I
,o"
r
'i
p
t-io i
!al4
"'.'-r'.
-,
inl_ r'
rm:n i_i
.".;"'.""'
"."".
-"t*
{i
c,d
re'o.ri
r";.r.",.." .
-
;
".....
ro,
"o1.r.
"1A
d.
.","..'l'.,r''r'"
ri rr narkLl;inktii .iliuza tnluFr sliinl'l'r
-
si asiBlre visnl
i clim'"i nI -
t1
ritrLi tcliiic, si
rsrholc
rn sccr.rut biollgiei, existn in brr n rstri rnstituie de ririotosig de
n.nr.t.gie, de cidocrhoLsie cac destisnrt o la.sn acriv ,le Biorosj,
care stan
Fe Fziliile
nafrr:lis1e, proFrcsisro
tj
nci cci cc tudin ii do.
e, inplrrnn ris]rnnccrcl
lieni.d
tnhid..
rci concsrliil.r xniiravrr,vistc, pln1tu
. n3&lui Prvlov in toatc conlrr-tinaiele bioLsi.i si nediciiei. rrsrele
.ostm srrsnr, Acad P,lllon. ."oi: dcspE L v. Iavl$:
,,bon Petlarii
PqnLaL 4
fasr, f6n
iltdridhj tttl titLtre .etetdralii
fi
intdlttii .ei nai
geniatij i,t.tonerh( n,enicinei din cdti d atut ohEnn.a
i
nitn.ta nt
.dut o corttib
li.lnat
inrtlrtudn ta nond cuh se inierrinesc
,n tnte
psihi.e,
ni tuliru scan'rd.tecr*ti k'st
.'
1).
^u,
!r
!neE: invilaturij
sorddrr,r si concnclr.r in organhh
't
scoariei clrlbrate. Acesr .de,
v'l cNa n eslc nnmd nnnl hir.sic ci si rul rihoric clmtiitre
ber tl.rinicl pe cde
!.t
Fi
'ldLnlre
o rodnict aetidrle
ttiinlitiei
he
dicir, ririorosii. ondocrinotogii noriii.
pta
la:drd
irrndicinaft a .oncepiiilor
p'vlovhte
esie ne@sr6 o strinsi cohbolfc a foricror stiinririe.In st.ii-
lnsjlnl siu ra!.lt ricut il scsiuDca sliecirli I _{cademiei dc
Sriirlc
din
U. R. s. S. inrreunn
;iihte
lledicde,
-\od.
Biov
,,ht
ruinii 30 .t ari, strdiut hrnanitrt s a inl]l .L
Ji:i.iosid
\\i roLoq.nia
nen tut'i.
,i
td tranqarrd intfa di:.4ninii qnrte,
nAodinotasir. A dotun.a tuptlli a tnai ptuttane srtktt
dts
r)e
1nt4i ddod.inotrti
ti
n nici tn ea".tt1i
st.sifu
c, p;
rne ta o.1a zisut fi ottut1m rt |nn: itar houna i nL deotn t
sanisn
tlt. A\mstd canEptie a
ws
in indicatuil
?i
t@rie
Shnnsa conruear a omoiib de
rtiinti
in doneniur }ioroni.i 6-
hbo.rer i,'tre bi.logi
ti
fiLeori irtn dai fuc1oi ne&srn
Fnbr
r asi
tiitor
prlloriste
in stiintt no.strn blo
o ohrrorlr rmlo.sn in lul,itr
perirn nridicinlr.x mnc.pln].r lui
Docr.crev, vllians. c.s!i.ev,
t
rtru c.nrharen. rn-
ndliiclor norqrnisnnlui, este
'mcsirn
si in dincniul stiintelor .sri.ola
rl rarieurlrnii cftevli
e,ndiiii ca:sebit de
Lrrieliico
rnsptndirii cdncepliihr micnrinisto raia
nrdciati, nu e deFfte ueaea .dnd o mue
Ertc
'
s'spodiri
ir rorire
cdo.iirc. r:lt:tc de Inslitutcle de cercelni
Stiintirire,
vor deftni v6te
.arrtrn cc aldindrtoe 9i
aliio:E ir practirt a asDtehni4i
9i
zroieh
hiin rn lilclt noi. cci @ mnncjn
in domcniul
tliirlclor
socLle
pcntru
a s:ut;
pe
o.D.nii dc,qiiitrii
,i ar
eijinter.,
tehnice.
*ilnre c;re
pBir1n D ir$mnibtc
dmscnifi pcnttu rerli'arci
Plandri
.irin.l si a rranului de eloctrilicare Nci ajuionl mslru Er nirgitrri
la deslr.tcrilD .rsrrtrb de ht:drtlc de n3*isrllinisfr
d'r' uDele
r:orftn1i si tuiiirte ite ibrittnnnt supdior, pre.un
ti
la articolele
!n-
bt\.ata in Luptd de ckad
5i
Cant
?atunx1.
Tovrrilnl sblin anti nr lucril. srlc asulra nrrxistutui
ii
pro
i r,.
.-
""","
t .-e".,,r st"rr.
-
,,sln|
Ia
fel
de ia ritut.nte
lan
ne
'ta:'
; d i"bd; F,1"..;d F
"t,'
e;otd nistd ant oftndxna eritati'td'
i-,
"u
ri
i,'
--t
r-ui, a*l tchnim nrtrifesii, un td de isdile
.-t a.-"t. a" . ri mir*''t ritn d. lctnkn olc s-_ stlidudc
s'o rol'
rrci i,,
tii!.riur
l,r iDtcEs ln mninile inlcriil s-tilcr ameflcanj bunn
Mrt. nijl(le lehniercp&zifti
un insliment dc cuceri! a su!rcm'tiei
^.n.rh;.
inoreere tehni"e sre$ imne.irrisrjrl
rrlniD lrqitire"
u'ej
.rifrinalc asrsioni inF.tn'r U^innit Sorieile
si a
llrilor
dc ddodalie
noour:. nlr ru deq, !
.r., h i id r r hxcc de d!
d. niri.;e in n$si e vFtil oneierii. .api in tirile interirllsb u
I.c iDt nxl nar. ii .ns.arrlul
lrodrciidi
indushialc si a nucii Cc er
cd.re ieh Fgtiintiticc. Teh ci n derni. &
a ri''l
-
o"'nde LA ln
'"
""
.,"".
J
'c
c 0lur'-d"li
nr" tlr. c"tli**"a"
"rt*
r-peri:listii rse-ic'nj!i de sluqile Lridtu-
h(im a p]nconirii :rrlile ii f'!
ir xmele celc nri iie seani ale oxpan
,,1.';r ra..r,,sl".
o irfri d. srtniraP
a ln'rcddil
Pou rM- .
5
r^1.
In Uniunca Sovietjci, diq)crivt, retnie
csr iNtrueir d
rb.
lr$ntui
si rl
rrncij,
Tchrrga in u. R. s. s. serrqle
!.nfir
a oblinc inrr,un
r;stjlrF, i:toriccrr ct n:i scdrt. a.er abundcnin idinihri
'
prrduscbr
mnshlcln en.rgerice hidbrehnice, iMuruial:, ela.
boni de
suvehlt
!'i.11c, a da1 impuh nnri nor a!6nl ar tctDjcei sG
I ul irii inlra,incc.ror cu ieiDi.r mo.
derni, o si cin pnmtur da vedee
'1
hecanbnrit .gioltn.ii, u R. s s.
ocupn
r.iftnl
loc dnr lune
urias.rc r.arizn are uriunii sdierie tn doturrlt rchnii, nivehl
nr r al sr.iilcr:r rehijce, ii u. n s. s., fqtd cn in uniunaa sovieticn
1ahni4
rusn
in sluib3
lDsr
I*.rs.e intF U. R. S S.
il lara
noastri, pd.ncnlnr rjntor thntc
!.
.ars hil @idri untuncr s.victici faprul cn
F.'
n rstrn bnsrhetlc
$ci.limnl insrnand! $ din cxonprd uiunit sovieii@, 1.ab @ster
ddrdnlnn ncwia dc r clldi rclivitater ln dohenid
ttihtelor
tetnie dh
trB
n as1li p stldiq.ca
ti
i,$reiFr
rtiin!.i
lclrnice soliettce.
Or, in donoriul stijnleicr tchnicq c.smopolitisui cel nli cFs eh,
t
in
ldte
nri $te incij indrtnciMt nri nult 3a in .ficle alt d3nenin.
Proconica i1uIr c4 nccrlicn rn rtr{! bhnidi .eidenrare. cirf."a ndi
lici o sonitililo. oeidcnlal. nad si nici. h.rtlret lienrci nohe t.h
nic., i liecirci afirnrln dtu su6t occidcntalt &ott sacros"ncte Nlfel
* nanifcsin cosh.plriiisiui in
aurlc cxenpte. un cnrs &
et Lhte de edilitdte onite cu desivd'jnt
U. R. S S, ditr
tirile
de
'lomraiie
popubrn. h *ninb nu lipses0 crm.
nhi din Fmnktld p. Mdn
$i
nioi chrar djn o-
Di srrristica hiirerisle. cu o ft4hinc de
rerte
Feduc9ia
de cnersic erecllicn. U( cus de,',i,i
reernd
ajunse
in cih.e unor pre$'se Fdrinii suiniilicc
lent
Ia .rabnl Alh.'xn 1bu
Alhlrton In *hinh. 04ur rsDoirrzi d d.sivertirc nn nmsi desEpc.
riil sa'antiLr $vietici, dr iD geneEl
9tiint,
contmForinn,
ti
des
g,orpi tsris poti'it ciu.ia
,,rurin.
csb o aibrxric r ctcnlur"
O altn lrtnri a osnj.FclitisDnlui .sb dis!retnl
Fcnltu
poFtul &
men, neinftdct, in f.rlele sale creai.are. Pr.resorul reclioiar rI.
TccdDn car . functiotrat ri lia(ni,l de cnnstnct iti peh es ii
cursurlle sale !i dh'nte7e Esliz:irile
ronin.lqti o liiid
r!h, s Ie
gisi foaltc tune, cdnd leatr fost
nrczntalo
d elcl'cte
Toatd Nn$ isi aftintrtL de camFrdit
ruribhdi
!"'rc
i duso
,, .;,;.' r",",d"*d:
r.r'.r'd"
s01- idroFl
'|
ao'(irir
';:,;,,".,:.i.
, .
'",,- ''1.'",""',
1Fi6Fa
^
ntsdraL"
'.',,.',..".
,:i:"*,,," r"r, a" tr.r"e n-;.
,.,*t
"
*
;""rt I
a mnblnelor' Alii inBineri rehnicienl, osienl dc
. ..
,-.i, . ,. ,
,
i
. a" *' p"-i
doretrr I
t"
r" r
i"h
Aesi. &rliziri
lte
*ilntai ti
tehnicei ronene
s c.lvnrsntor
,rNent
pcntru
I ouim'n , comoDo iLrdul-i
"
b rrod'i c
"srid'
_pr
, ;;j;; ;;;:."" . , .*i,o*, ,
a- i." ,. .:
'
'..3:
l!.:
DintF ntrncroRle
exdplc
p'silib sn vatu linila b
orrFr d' rer'
'
dhlnici il }\ol rlnitiu.
catu cii'rzn in n'd necriiic' b3 chirr
ua
.
;
"
",.
,
"'""
.
E.
-r,i
r' r*31 o
.".'-.-"r,r-
-;
-,rd
o'
n's'dirli!i
n-
-uu
a" u.""di"*";"a
a,*hcabita
ptuprie'dtu ne o
r'tuite
ci
',1
'u,,
t"".-",a"
"a
*
""p"*
*tmtdri ldtd
o inteleqe
ntnit
'tin
tutwd
o .sfren.a concepiie
ntr p.at ducc d41t lt n'gar"
mlabilrn!'
..rrint"r..
qlll"tui"", rn
""eu.en
exisicntei obiecrtve a ldii n*erirle
!lsi4 dc nnlt nesar .a filosrril
3n srabileMd o strans; cohbor"'
, .rnpnii de sfinlln din sectorul fizicei, frrlenaticei
chldiei tlhnhci'
, I r a si-ri i. rcm
ra-r
'
n.g-.o / \'u\
,\.ca{i corlb.rrr
* conhibn
u mrcorr ascMde o dirndire de rdvcrsilrle frin de opo! de construrP
, !trhlimllui in
tta
nodhi, rs cmhttcier
tcorhi
erijntei nurc'
crrc
urr si rnDi miivrL.te!
, nr
".rruu,l "r
isnorii cei dc rccundn cst'
ternr'
slii4i I'si
fra cu elivitxler
jrmdi.i de
pro.luerc a vrLrjlor r t'ri'l!
rnsiitDiul dc rstolie
ii
rjjosofjc. crred&te de
urivlrsiEii si insiitnre
de invjtinint suFc.ior,
Lnlnitu cap iau rnnli acm 6un! cn m,te si
l.te iR vsdefea orsaniziii pc
iemetji irainicc a
rn.lL.MDLr
tr'NTroR soc
ID licheGEj rdu sn-ni dprin .onvinEere.
ei acestii Sesrme, cu
pbs"d- ur ei r3r da dsr.J
ir
ll
k..I fol
tiouu de desrol'rP
i
,e
oi %t"o i.a toprts,r R,
Pernane(t slrijjnjti
ei
irdrumsrd
de
p3nitul
rruncitoresc B.nrn :i
d.m, l.
D
R 4
"L.qt
6..
"tsbo .. enrr.. r rui.!,oti
9tilntjfie
Preicdnriela
Acadeniei R r. R, Amd. T?ai.n Snntescu io
P-la n Lao oiqit o ati
rr
.,iiti\"
iR
P.E
,?
e),,.lid-
R.p t_-.
n.aLi
ioa.
t..bt,.
",,
popyttti
si r|,Fi.
B:. t
rt8 11.:i
tt.4
pnn it a tc
,t
t.or-
,. i., u_o;d, ." \, :
t,
,pretent aa dkt d4
ttitnb
n
rduhnlo! .
cfrd q!
9i
d:.
,
seh,
.1" .or.l
u rl
-i r4i
'
u3.i
utS',,., -,
cr{:tu
r
4,a
od."nit
dglr de I uo nou nb.o D"-'a
"..
ru,
, r".-.ri,,l;.:n
rNY,\'li\1uRA LUI I V. SI'ALIN CU PRTVTRE
LA
$:l'Ih_TA
LITIBII
iI
SAnCINILU LINGVI$fILOIi
DIN ti- f. BLl.\
POPULARI
f0lll.\\\
con\(^l! llDzdrArlt
liDDrn'in Imr ldIL l'llliovlDl
SiiinF
solieftn, duuziii de
lrincipiile
ni*is1imliisft, s clerj!, in dil {xn urmn, oan.njlo! de sllinli prd.
(,csjrli din roalc
lir
c lnnij, xmplur uior dissulii de o insFnnrale
L)olali privitoarc la direrftc discjpline
riin Fficc.
Asrfer, in anul 19,1?,
dL" niliitiva Conith'rui C.ntrd rl Prrlidnlni Conunist
(b)
al Uniu.
'ii
soIietice, din initiariv! lli L V, StaLtn si c! urDrrc a aliico
r"ltrj lui A. J&nov prlvjior rr i
lor.iica i rilosoribr ieiici. Dis.nlia a dcsoldil delici.ltcle rron
dccEebi lilsr
'le
conbativitri. arxist-leniriistn l!
r Lis.lie. Reziiiabl dGeutici r fost pirilsirer restlrilor
obie.tivhnurut
j,i xlc psendo.ehdiliei scij lru'nczc, de cnire cei cc nrnesc pe lirird
rLosoJiei
il
!l
lriinFlor
sociale.
Ir s.shiea drn rnul 1943 a Acrden;ei
stiinieldr
Asricole {ttn otriu
lr sovicrcn, in Drnt umr indelusrte si extrd de ialdesantc dls-
1iilf.st'nhdntcnIcntu]ide'list'Erct1onf
ologir
rirosresistn
nrisrurinistd.
ln cnr l anului 1960, tr ddJi-:!r.i in 3esinnile Acadeniei dB
trirDte
din U.R.s.s.
ri
ar,^ Acadenlci
Friinrer.r
r{edicalc a u.R.s.s.,
rhrn
'ii
s.li.iice
ti
an tdsi inflnenlal. ite idcih c nuzirmre lre
"3$t. LL'i. Rle lui I v. slrlin. Dii a.este djscutii stinrlirice publice. r! i.trt
l.ritr
ldsljirc blrslfTc nr
$ijnti
In f.rur xostr ra rd.lut inci odah
.ficrcitatea diticii
ni
alr!*itic! pr:ncipiate @e e.cleearn proE esul
!n
iliintni
sa
lus
caDnt *rEnnrii di. nrcle rmui de
lriinit,
ru IoBr
pArnsitc
|e,e tn'cchii!, d:prtil., reaclionfe
9i
rn rcdt inlirjte lesnin
r e
9liinlci
cn vjealq .u
lractic'.
M!1.da discltiei ribere, cam rcade boa.re. e cea
inirebuintali i I'n l.de nnnrite sriin,ei
P/ordd, dnnd crTrcsic rcn
{Lrdir,i
cFniei pbli.e erioiice in .o
lrivie lrgr6ul
nr
*iinta
car. slndia,n ftnonencb de limbi, . dps
chis, Jn rui' rlai 1950 discliia asupra prorrtenelor lin
dural nai nnrt. sipliimt.i. Dinlre cele 17 srtikte
apnra& iD orornlle
Prdrddi, cer. .ar. r! &isrituit o c.rjt"li deizivi discurj]. r.sr
t^t cn
vitite
t4 nbrisn in ti,tltistud.
ptubtene
de tinsristicd
;t
Rdvuns au tu1.ttdri,
acesto din nlnt alnr.ute nai in6i tn revisrr ,oqserrc.
r" rce$e lucr:ri s: pun
rr
3: irzctvn problrdc
Frincipille
dc o in.
!!rt''tn
civi'sitoam penltu srudiut fei.n,"retor de tinbt Dar nr.Dni
depitesr. cu h!tr c rele uiei sjnSnre stiin!e,
ei.i ole dxn liq,nn ri liin rii3 nn nunai uror
lroll:mt
de linsu{icn,
ci
t
uNi trrii de
l]r.hrehe Frivnrd ir scidd itiintch
sciatr
5i r,l.srir
Manismnl a facut, c! acesr. rrei tucrirt, nn inm rnr prs nrajnte ore
ri'd ringvisiiror dd si .erelntlrro. din rorr. BhurDc de griinti, filo
3orilo, isrcricilcr, eccDnilitor,
lntn
or, oiiicitd lit.nr tncii u!
lndreptar rcrdic
ti
nrr.dcLsic. Ele snr o enrfiburia epokli ta
$i,
inlr muknrrui
ri
sunt consi,.l.rale dc ercelftoni pbr..sisii
din I
.
mea inheasa .a nn .devnrs! ,,iu
l
dt
ttiintei
n.nist.t ninhrc.
'ahbnitalc
lil.mllcn
g.ndarii
in
9iiinhlc
dlnre rrun
ti
sphsttu.turn. SuDiasthclurr r:n.dn
bua .
"
I
sexcftto,,l:r
ca nu Innnne pasivi! renh.n, indiJeren rrli
sncepuli c. . nri$n lorLi lctiv4 ft& ajuri tn hod rcrjv bazei srle
3; * inErcasci, liehidnnd vechei orandrjre
yechile
drse,).
o dtn tzi stalinistn dc !'re insemnir.b
ljcnttu lliintelc
sDciale
rtr!.rturire
$
legitnra dintre etcr{le
rt
re,
vorulie in isrorir $cjeiitii. Evcrulia nu s. rlce in mod absob! nd6d,
rordluia,
Irin
sr liuri bms@,
l.nr
e1lrczii. Tr'ccerer dela o cerirxle!.che
I caracl:r l.nt. elen,A.i.h cxlilrtir celcj
n.i
'oniulindu
sc 1r:Ftrr, irr clEmenlde cdi1'rii cdci rehi dhlirnrd
,N -
t_''!ri
r-A a-scv
.u sai.ilt.a in$riitn in cbse rntzso.isie, df nu
l.liru
3ochrrier
r.
v. sblin .trrce cn insist.nln aienlio ceror @ ru aprofnndeei
nr &a:!N invn!ftum
9tii"liric
ct m*jmul
c c lturnanul oriciri
'losFstismr
el nu ste o dogna, nu ncunoaSlc
oblisrtorii peotn t ate eFcib. nl3BcN]
dialecricii harxhre ca n41 fol
muLc cu. se
r.trivcsc
in orice crnditii islorik
ri
in orice epDcnl.
rela cara
jn
tuaryism veile dFri ljhra tll
ti
r:D'la cc r pittuide iiletes'r lui, tun|nutul iuij dc r idnn.i esenla hl.
ulele invitatc
Fc
dinrfari, silind 6tfcl
,rriri|. varirin
9i
corpbrn, pr.cesut viu al renoneroLr nailrxh
ti
sii.l! si 3: c.it.rncze
Fnrru
lorls renonlncle, in ro.re 8!.c c
$
in rcare,ondiliilc htcrc:r)
simrinC
'esi:xr
iornul de sub
!i
ci.are, .n.si
liot l]?rnite
. disculic rlbern d cei c.E t de
lrtreri
3odtr5r., .i. xhnziitrd dc ruicribter
Fe
care lc.o llnidi vr n post d.
.o(ducere
!e
caEl ocupi. n{e.rcn cn torte mijloxcelc aa innilnse
dlricr
9i
dislulia liberi inpiedecdnd in fekr resla prosFsr srii4ci.
ciNi
,,.-.ri.i. ltiintd
n se paate .teevho
i lttuswtu tdrd
hrtd de oprtii,
Inrd
tibdateo nni.il'
!).
ororele lui I. v. Stxljr
privitoare ta lingaisiicli c prird l.cn c nul
rimc dc lcz. vxlxbill.rcfi'! t.xle strinlclc in
sentrrl,
Steci.lirlti dile
ritll.r laruri dc.,t:in!i au sarcjna si ls rprolnndcze
ri
se tngi din
cl. bare irvirituritc f.lcsiroxre spe.itrrilnlihi rcr. In acerstn e*puncre
r no3sirn n. mn opri ssopia 1.7d.r
Fivii".rrc
1r lim)ri si djnrrc xc$rlr
nn F rcD aninti p. i.rte cici nn disli fe problenn
lingvhtici p.
crre
ti
ru
FN{
linerittil ir cursul unni vac ci jhdtri
de
qistenii
r rnigrislr 3,
triintn,
dupia cnreir r. v srlnn st nu fi aru&,t o rrzn
de hninii, riru$hd o nnliihe d. p hcre conlbvfrsate in
rtiinlr
libhii
r. rrebne sn alnce cerc.tnrodi. Dc scm
ne vm nnrsn'i 6n racn cetNr obseifatii as'prr ceror nai
jnrrorhnrr
t!2, ptviid liDbs, itrc.rcand sn tc ildtriD cu erenlre ruare din istort.
i.uoirite h'i L v. slxtjn r.zorvn ii F.d
eonirt.
i mtrl, c ri.
I
r! !i
sdrnlc,
:Gl d! oF derind; iisesi dihcJta pt ca&
f,'cetirii?
rsufBlenomeneld de tinbn.,nune nr.hhna
rinbn si r,3 lcononici, pe d! o
lDlre, sr D;br.nr
rimba
ti
ctas:re scide, pe
de,ltn
Frie.
Elc ne dar n risruns tar
ti i
rccjs la i.tFbnrije, dact limb, cst
dc cbsii DiD lisDrmurne rr reesic
doui intrcbnri fundanenr,h
de.nrg
4'
I
r. dr o
r'.,.'
d
..,r
.
ru
,.'
"... .,..":
nl .^D I
",d,n
. .,i,..
er
'nr'd
r
1 nL"ior
ri-arricrca
nelod!i co,n!aFli?c
isrorice
u sldjut
Iinbitor tntudiie,
rJJsn-.."s4r..
rt.t. oi:
-yo..-a
...t
-d.d.1.cw--lmtrF
Indr I zi .rm. i
r1 d".u,6 i.. mh toic
r', itor ; r." ,Db-
rr
bazo econohici, reea
cDe srsbrterr
dei lihb; rF D 6mdd de
nen dr snpms1ncbrn
cum
srlinnr nu nun.i N. L Mrr
n
den sa,,
ci ioli UD8isiii care cFdcau
cn apri.i neroda nrieiirrjsrtsi.
cn io
"r:r
to
-.o'
I
J,r' I np rr.r e6.t:
. , M r,
ibi r"
sc-
rds;a n
s.
I la .o -t'f
.i r,{ r. mi 1d' ,
rr insu:c
j -
h..
'"
ir. :
".
".'
.
"c,
''I:
e
i:
r'r"
-"'
6 Dt
:. id''-"
.'".,'''.',
q
r^mn.llir
rjhbr.
DnDn pomind dell conccplia lintii .a len nan {ie suprdttusluri, ots
,illd ii lelul accsta ci aplica narxisfrd tn lingvisiici. Dar suprrsttuc
rur", adtci coicepliil.
politice, juridice, ribsorice cic.
ti
nsiiluJiil.
I
rtcc,
juridice
dc
('cslrtrzltoarc
sr schifrh ln u.mr tljsprrilicl
r!ki. r ordnduirii e6noni.e, cae ir dat na.Jterc. o bazn disprre
ti-i
rrstru.iur:L dkF e
9i
e inlocuiln
qu
ant
ir nmr richiddrti liei hue insi, linbr ru c inlocuiii cu slin lintn.
Itr cursul *colllui sl xL:{ let in
tirile
bnlne*i r lost inlo.ui6 oran
.e. burghro noqiereascn, iar tdE suitem pe calc
ir. . inloctri crdndnnea burghez. nosie&asci sn d socixtisii. rn acesl
iL,tenal dc tin! llnbt ronnni ni3 r.8t inlocuni cu rlti limbt. Er a
rina in esenln 3.ersi. rvend akc!5i
Fiu3tici
si 3elr91 lcxic de bazn
c adcvnrrt ca. dc 150 de !ni. vocrbnltd rondresc a snlcrit narl
sd,iDl'i Au dispitul bnlte cuviite cd.ti m institutiile reudrle pe carc
tecn'" r/.F.r, idn:3d. c
ri"i.
rr ixi,
Nstebicij
tanaleti, caina.oiti,
litpani,
c.niti 3rrneii, ratsd.
biau. .dpuchi\;ii, desprc dtjie, toqol.lte, nadn, rutu6ai?, boi{esc, @
nira, ctc. Au apitut o dlllne de terneni noi in bsnturn.u Dodul de
rrr.duclie
capihlisii, de
Uldn:
cnpitdl.j caftatist, bancn, cdn ie, sdta\
:ttoti\t, d sdloti2n,
r)artan.
yatetat, u.ind,
fubAcii, sftrd,
buflnEz atc
se oslindelte intr'o nnltiFe de t men'
$
d'
rresii
n i s.u carc iu dohandit un inleles bou cai boLr$ic, catlet e.
n'istu, hnrcrcft saciati*n. nlt,.inn andentidt,
Nninic,
twhrtie, slot
ntutat, sinnitt, Jinii.alisr. so.i.rist. soriitj s.rnet. e1c o s.nni
dc termenl inexhieill in linba wche se dttonsc pssrdulul
ttibFro!
ii tchnrcir: mr..nrd, ak,L.lacttidtdle, o:nq.n, nci.t, tuin.otoqia,
krnid. tttn, s.naf.t, ad", 1.. LexieL tnandc sjr lnbos4il dccl
i r'o
riroportie
uri$i. Totn$i linba rohaneasci a rnnss in esenli
aceasr, rtand reesi stn.llri granrtiBli si sel.sl rond princilsl
de culiite. Prln !h.re lthbr n e schlrnbn dbddii cu btra, e n
st nn fetut* de supr$tnctut.
A doua tezi strlinhii dcsrfc ljnbn
{rune
pmltoma kgnh'rii diilre
!r'olnlie
el
'evohlie
in proc.sd dc dcsvoltaF ! litohilor. Linhr neliinil
rr lcnonei Cc Auprastructuli. ea nn se schinbnl
,rii
revolulii btusF, prin orptrrii, in urms ciroi! o limbi sn fie in
rrnjii brl,sc cc alti liqbn.
lrl'clus
o bizii
ii
suprast'trdnrx corcspun
'iioarc
c inn,cultd dc Da cu tolul noun. De acer evoluih ljmbilor nn
u.,intt
3i. trunito strdii, adicn stiri calitalivc rlc llmbilot crrc, lb
una uci .,plo2it, s schinbd bnsc inb,o shb catir2rvn ctr brr
noue,
jntrb
lihba noun
sendari
de o b3zn noun.
ftnsidtud shinba.
tr nr kxicul romenesc iniamphd in cdEnr
finrd dc o inpo .nF $pnatn, inh o 6nuica& pc sare m ticui o It
dr
-u., rD $.trrll ia nbr' ,3 r
'
s.
lfir o sohiobere nldiatn pc
tr nijt&i $qrutut tr.ont E evjdent cn
ine nn poat ri vorlaL in seNur ca ar ti
,pirt brusc o rib6 noun. schinbnrib nlli in tdic _
dal sr i,
sirnq\i
-
osliDdesc nrlile schimbnrl intnlplltc in nttiinl *cor
tt
junetde
tn prodnctiaj in econmir, tn s!tucrurs smi,4 in cuunr,
Ji.
De ace{ slndiut aceslor s.htmbirl, fi4t in shansd
regdturS cu schrnbdrile inrenenite in rmte etiviril e socieGtn s_
hinEr| tftlne 3n consritue nn capiiot inporbnl rl ist riei tinrii m.
nine. El Du va plrt a insn Ftablti o kecere brurcq shdirln, sub forDa
dc a/tro:i. ra o stare calirrrivi cu loinl n.ui a vecbir limbi. rn a6t
raicnol
de iiep nu sa nint o Iimln noni. ctul dupi tun ne invaJn
L v. Slilin, rinb3 trnrEle mai hult d@il .ii.e lrei si o.te su!.a.
slmctur]i. ctci e, . nu
(te
4dtatn d. N t(n su cutorc b@ii tEche sot
"r
i in Nr.nd, s.ti.tiitii dnte, Ni dz inhcs nettut sodetiilii
i
dr ktaiei
tfu zltol de. 4 lunqnl &lc|lilaf
\
moBIMLn
$rmTEhn
socl
ln deosbi sttucluh
sraDsticab 5i
tandll
l,il.r se pisbcazn sccdre de a rrndd tirii I tutert schinlnr escnliare
Se s.hinbi rosrre uto. voeaburaNr lnet tinbi, d'r nu in inrregine, .t
mmsi pnrli ds ale a6tui.. mai cu esri a.ea cxF ctrprirde cuvinr,
ec * r.fern ra p.oduciie, cici
,,...tirba
*te t natd n miil,aeit de dcthn-
tdted d.
ptarluctie
a mdlt'
,),
ps caril sp.,situctuE
c lesrri iijrocu.
Frii
bazn, prin orandui.e. ecrnohicn. DIn cte sluse rcnlli cn ljnb,
Da iE un cluctd de dsi er
,,..k
.sts Nretd d. o sist'd .tosd, aa-
cttc dt
fi
ea, .i tu
tintreu@
sndlklte, d. toate crasert saeiefiti, pria
tlarr. e n stte n
sawatit'.]
Ds.,. d
ri fosr d.drn .d sd serds.i
..n
j
J,a"i r" 3.;.,
^
. .
ln
l
..nufi heinbdtd sr.ietdrti d {nird
patr :a.idknc, se iad
in .,nti nriNttd
re
nernbii sa.i.tiilii irnileftnt .te poziti( kt n
ct^'i
).
Linnr nrnifcsii tlcci un fel do nidircrertn .aln de cras. dxr
''\1I_rc\ADL.r|
dAdo n! lunr indifente latn de Linbn, .i cru6 3n o folo*asci in
iner.sul l
,
st.i inpunn vosabularul, exprsile trr srecilie ln .ie:scb'
iti cree&i
,,limjri
de salon,
jarsorlc
Frticuldc.
A@st* nu
Fot
fi considcnle ca linbi deoscbile de iinba
rluruld
inrrcg,
rlndd prndpsl
eu sccrca rle rimbii
lolonlu|
a n.riunii
r,inbs unel conuftnli onedcaii,3 unui pDpor, r uiei nalinni,3 rost
ocrtn de inir?g popord
ti
nu de cla$ doniiantn
U'jt linsv\il ronnni erau inclin3ti sn considde linb! conunn, F
tiotrrli
romnneasci, nmjri
ti
li@b. literarn ronnneascd . Yucului 3l
xrx.ka
si
3L lc{ lcr, c. fih'l o .rc.tle de cbsn a burshczici
9i
m9ic
ribii Adevnrul esle ci,
pan1ru unl s.l.rnlor ei, notierind
ti
bursl'
plu frrnFzcrte
(in
*colul rl Iv ler
mo-sierines aorbcs
cr.ct1c), tt
a c.erl un
iatgon,
o linlri
Fisircrsci
pop.rul
-
impesirildn cu cBinte sl'ijra, rr.4n
?tt si in ultlhtrl timp enslczEti
Fentn
t e de.sobi si pri'r
iimbn de
,,h)g'r.
shlcifta ..easia.limbil 6n!ne mli.nrlc, nu
F.rl.
ri consid.nii ca o ttmli d$sbitn cid stucium
gr.na!.rln si nne.
nrjoilale r c,vinielor icclel
,,linbr'
sDt idcnlie cu 3eler rle llhbii
.onnne a inlrcsrhi
li.por.
Iccain rimbn a
rost ridicau lx nn inan nivel dc *Trcsivlbte arljslici, de da.ltatc
i
!*ctiui,
dc
Drozaioril
slp.elil n sbi dtn s*onrl al lsl ler
si
tll)(
l$ cu idiici rndncini tuflclesii !n
Fpoi. do nn Bilescu un Eninesc!.
un crcargn rn odolescu, nn cafagislei !n coghnc. un $dorcanu
ti
nnrti rriii. Dsrc o iflpietste d. a flsJine ci a.es
artistic care eire limbr nostrn Iirersrl r lost crerl de hurshczo'no$lc-
rinea .$no?olii a
lililor
rohencili.
Trclrnc sE ob*ryim cn in linsvisti.t tunani, alni de undc in@!
.iiri. h. rpnrut inci u studiu teneinic tlatnnd dsp.e .onstliuiEr
rclului .um rn utiliz,t seriilorii tedurul nesecat
'l
linbii
F.ltrl.t
in
.rmtiile lor litelarq aruslice. elm rolosil, din
Fnicl
dc vedek sfi
ri3tic. arnaismel, ternenii dkhctali
9t
dpresiile spiri@ ale itiferlt
.
c.rtcidlzakt
Personsgillor
tnt/o opert litem.i, s.riitonl
Dorte
deci
Fnne
in
c!..
und p.r
nDrqh oftcan, de
pildn nn notld, dll(tc
rqi
cxtEsii luste di.
jaF
sonnr
clasei cl&lr ii
'Frline
Acsasta insn nu lcadc intD nhrc crras
t.rul ec.emlnationrl .l limbil scrllt.ruhi espeeiiv. cnci linbr litrDri
nati.nali De obiceiu
omnni, lntclcFdnd
prin r@$t3 limlra conxnn, n4iondn.
In honrib srle prtuitosb
ta linsrisiic4
r v. srrlin in'cbuiDlclza
m1u d. I b;u-i..r",on-.
rarn nu csre dcci decel as!*rut pe care
jt
ia ln sc.is lihba conund
)'
'1
.. .
"
r:".r er". o cr'r'e.,d
ireUncxr'clerdecl'sn
nr anjj dii un4
!e lssinile
rerisi.r
czn ldrrh nc an slriduit
c! lotii sn dctropelin
in timba ronani slencnte
crr. si doveddsci
crEcterut de .hsn 3l limbii. F a indoiate ci ortce lihbn contine si de.
:.-rd.. irs! !,!b!
m{:r*r;
.,.n
t.t
d.,r f4,1t
| !o,r dt t
bt..rh d.
F.rijL'a
h iri.,.h
&dsrii hrba h htefeslt tat, sd inrwnn @.nb tdrtr t t srecitic, t.r
^ii tatrp"ciiti
"-.ar.
/ot 5..ari.- . Dsroicird,
",,t
," I-,.-rr
u,ri linbi. E r
jnFlsi
de clasele doDina,ie, nj pfopo4ie cu rot re,, t
dcrcr urui $cie1i!i, ei onsiirne o can_
tiiate nainsnxati.
L v. srirnr vorlestc ba/..
jtrst
cn frai putjn
de hu
la stti cin tutregd n'renat rl tintii sn un c rder dc ct3si).
Pe ce care
srcilit:i
d tirn.i! not, Ingvlrnt rmen| atunci cnnd tn
revisb cu,. uarrir nc.am
ocull| e atnia
predilcclie
de tcnome.cte
lincvisiicc avand d crracrer
dc dfi. hobtmelor d.
Fmnstjci {fon..
tlci, or.oepie, drtosmtic, norfolosie, sini.xi, lom e, cuvinretol), de
Lc\ic.losie (icrninotosic
1el,ni"i s
5t;:.tui"e,
r*idru, in oterelc
uijtor nostd sciitorl) tean rezerra! puiirj
sDatiu
. or oort', !u imoo rrtr to.. . o,"t d.rIo
rteniia per nlli asuDre unol cuvnre c.re ppzjiin,
in 6.nsnll.. to.,
uhdo n4or inftncn! de dasn. rnfruenta .ceisrr a cl.sctor hprs riDbtt
ce e b.nifcsin ln dvinte
it
dprasii specift@ ctetor, tn i,tctcsurilc
spcciale pe carc le d disete n'.r .uvtnre
tr
ex]resii dh linbr conlni.
trebue firn tndoiali stdiati
ii
ea. Dar nrterjahl lnslistic c.F aE o
ruanli de clsi atu rosrra
rltJni
nxenDnbrc pnh!
evotulis rnrt
linbl Er c linitat ta uclc cuvinre
5l
*FrGii
9r
ra smanrjc, lor
5i nu
sfan
l6ti
tt
nrjorilarea
ConceDtir
Ercsig
cn linba are !n c.r:ctar de cl.si, c;i linbr nou
tri riterrri est. o outie a Dotbnmit si . burshcziei, i u tn.u!
Ie
nntr
ln trssn consluia .t liDbr tuerrrn rlelaln lrebuc
d!hl, se
!o&
oFerva rcndinJ! da a evib mel' c vints
ti
ex!r4tj, dc
rrlicr rDfit. .bjinuit. n! graiur
!o. c ca aplfljiird ct"se exptoatatoare. E .deviimt
tr
Ddi. Eh ru dd nn r cuvinte
rt
drrcsit ar
tinind lat.inoniLftl
q,mun
at inhesn obtii rointhsrii, intehsuj c{e dlt:ndjau oD@ltir
sia
rcujionarn, rascisri, ra eNit ,de.
nd rl!s, al iinc.etuhri. Accasra i(sn M nsbue
ti ]:. inpi?dece
Ie
nDi sn ixtrebuinJnn &.sb cnvi,,r!, alritni.du.tc
Ii)lite inlcrcsur er adevnmt, nearrerar de ideologir rcrslioneli
A nn
i't .Lnn'ia de l.c rc.sle avinte
_si
expEsii insenhii a ra.e .a acei
lre
F.rccliti
.d.sl.dili, .rt a!
!r.!us,
dnpi nvolulis
di'r Oclornbrlc, st ria distrdse cnib ferrr dir E!si.
Alilzc
ai sn s: coisbuiacn rlters
.,Drolelarc,1j.
noj in pqinile r.vistei
cxn 0,rrt,r dsci se c!
lhr nn I
'i
nmi\ti si iihebuinlcze clr.re $u cur c srrur? E
llirar cn nt
jargonul
se seluii rrantnzesie .qt t.
'n.mut
tinp crid ongkzettc
E tnr ci otic.iul rin de a silura in tinhi
{iiiiiin e p. cale de s disltri df dc e sn
]rirnstm
un salnr stlnvecniu
n.r'ie olDiuit in nascre
!oF!lar.?
r,iBna dtc dcci creait de
l,,!.rtrt
int'tg, nr
lrifrlt
rn'd de ms.
Ljnh c.'unn a nNi
Fopor,
rinha ulionrri a uki
5u svrr la .riglna o NanLn de drsii
rr.rcnth
d,ir} dii
iilaoanc ci sunr
Fntirej
nnu t. sutn di.
|'i,tg n.tarirrur nnhii, dar rot!'i cxisrt
Fi
to pr!t. din prtrlmoniul
ri!,b i conone. rl limhli Dxiionale irlc por si bcru. si rie itrlrcburrtal.
cx oricrre alr cuvnrn rl linbii Cnci !. cuvent, lparFand Dni jrgoi
d drsi, atuici cnnd decire m' hn rt e,nun i!i!
(d!^
clasci crE 1.a celt
il
.cnsul sFecid 4 r ]a dar drsx raspedivn.
riirlnidu.ti dd obteh inretestrl.
popotul
sdopiend!.] it traNfohd, fl
lrli'i din non, incar desc.ri nunsi nnsfjstjt ii binftsc oiieiDe,
lr'rii an pretins
ci a5a nuniiele isloglne ate timbii rona.e rn o
0
rire d d3si. cn atr fmr n*rodlse h tinbi ,1. trurshem-ndqi.rhea
c*rnoD.riii .rrc dq,i ce I
Dirisil
oEntut lannist
rr. nlstintirii limbji ronnnd, r lDieruintat c! dninnnl tn
illgo.
lrcluc insi onsiactur ti
bloc. Drn raro. nassn a Deolosismclor s d.sFrind nri iniiii rdootit
ternmi i,rrmliodi adnd ]3 hrzn cuvinre lrrinEli sa!
sr4ctri tl
in nrjc.irabr riDbitor europne $n p@ie chisr ln
catectitisn, conu is'n, detnactulio.
.re.t
llic,
huirtet, Etuulin, sindiedt, uisrsirdJe
9i
nul& rlielc f.r
partc dln a(asti
a dori datugorte de ntulogisn o rotuc@t dvlntcle, tn bnnn
larto
ite o giie rnircza, da' ri iiair"ni
rt
gdnau (ro'$c
nufte aidrc er.
ibtrat in lintb. rohnnn prjn rrll*n r!si. de ex. crrc tenrnrte in sufr
:,n
fie
i. roc de
ituna),
care $nr
in leircur mai v.cbj! ar rinbii ronnne, de exeopln omisi,, se.trs, admt
nishal;e, n ut?isn, nnLaqare
r.
a
lD slarsit, ii 31r.i. mGg ia ilna fdntuzi3Dele, arylicisDelc
ri
cue
tia
iDpin^t
jarsorul
hrshczcnolierinea, It
tendinla ei dc a se dssehi de ak
ti
de r nalmnri.i .hsele doninmt6
db
lerib
qrnsre pe dE si Ie
Ternenn ace_slia, ncin9eregi de nbsele po!rr!.e,
aveld coresp.r
iFbii ronAne, pDt si ftc
ri
trbne sr ri.
d J
-im"l-
d'n
.rso
t .-at- i tr.o"
"te
i p,-
rrin
t,piur ci insnri
jirsonrr
dGpfc. In l.hlnDlosla
ju
dice si adni-
itsharvn insi @ntinuin a inlielrdnt. r6nluzisno, odnL
rl
exli$tt
intr.tusc in rinrra rDani de 3
lnt.le& nici stizi de nassele
!c!ulde.
EaT.esine netsnnnegtt d des
.k.Lt. tacdtii. a tuleti, snuBiLne
l.,noie|ite"l, a tu Mttitr d. Rtzd,
Iifle
d. nepinte, cahhadiert, a de*dj n dr.sa
tnrs
ndbdl si mdio
3lrcle lrclruc itrlod,it .u exp.ssii inlelase de lodri luner.
Dupd patt.r.t n4, . entirli drti de un ror
jnde.itores.
sru o
.rdomntt emisn de o unitalc admlnislBtiri
5i
aslizi snnt roarlc gld
l4cles. de i.rsele porllxr. d hlrlinii teme lor
juridis
adntuistr.tivi de origine irancezi sru lrti",
Acrdedia R. P. R r
putsr
ha iritirtlva unel acli Di de reronn
r tdnrinolosi.i nostre adnihistratlve,
jlridi.c
at
sriinliricc in snsll d.
a o srroph de limbi nas&lor populsre.
D
jarso'nele anjntiie
locai.. PrincL pn ii lirJuril
sA s d*selreas.i
-si
prin
sr.in
de pop.r pe ci.d cele dtn xmt s.Fes
penltu Dass.le
loFulr.c
ca Dijloo de onunicd. in dire,jl.lc
liiutun
rL
!iii.
Grxilrilo localc $tucsc totte cl6ele, lntrer$ socieratc dc po
{r idit riu oareorsi
F
ciind jt.go'nele s.r'csc n@al c]|*lc doht
tc Jargorrcl. de clst ni nitte vui.iili de linhii vorbit' dc
trnn,iir oarc.re de cuvinle sh ne
ti
dc exprcsii cie .gli'rdcsc
prdlcu'
d$ei itonimnt
pe cand
glsiu l. lncale sirn ere
l,L* r.lr tenelia lintilor mlionalc.
ntliorrle, & .bicciu rnll djnlre
sttildlc
I'opuhie
de linblt spoctlt 6te sdopt3i de toJl ncntrit n4iunlt ct
r,ldie a lrmbii conunc nalionale
I)
Aslrel, dc
tildi.
linlra rationdn
N tr.nihjlor sc brcazn
!e sfiitrI
popukr vorhlt in
l
tm en{8u
D.rdicl a MQteniei si in $dnl Arde'lutnt Pe {est terltoriu
-"
iv*
,'r
*prt"r"
re"l
c,brafte
sraiuii
t.csrs bmanestr, iniomri e.
i d:ahcrrte britontle :1. rlid
limbi, $ri lol mat nul! iDnuentrtc de
rrn}r rosann connni ldiondn Cltrccttt
ete ni
pierd
'nqnltnetua,
' l r'
-
d,rJ
"qB'!
r'ln
j
o-'""s' r
''
Ii-.li
'uldri ,l Cnd s
_
P
''
otl .'
!ts -di oro
'n.!!.
-3
e
d"
'
o"-.-
Ro-i1i d'
?
o le'
; 1 r'rr
)D nrtion.li
roDnneascn, Nnri ccl nol'
cr ..neliteur"
I r'adcvir' lbrna litenrn tuna
r{seii sc
Frzn,t!
s,h dc{i rsperte Sc itoi d. o
sim
dh Moldova $
riLrbui4;t
ii
htrcbniit*zt
&g!ht scricrilc lor cuvlDt' e$rcslt
, rn. mnctdistie
sftillLri
nolCilaiesc chlr
9i
ortos8lia noastri t
'''
''!j'
s"'i.' '^.,'o' 5',d'
'?a".
.a
ii'". ) ti: i
r iriiL .. do da pmpdlli m.i ri.i nr Inbr llterarn conuin cin par_
'r
cclDrl.rte
sran;l
hc.rc hri deos.biic d.
qriiul muntenesc dccat cel
.
'r'r..""*"
r. t"t"t .-.t"
-'tribnc
srrnuil.
l.cal. h detterd limbii
,rr!{trr r iniregei nalihi l,inb nationali lnl...drre i3l nai rnll
srtiu
,
"
dlritc h direitele tinulnrl xlc
liii
Lic\iddea antlt'i-*isnuhi'
ri
"nrric!
cnrtii si in c.le mrl inil.Finrt colhri xle tiril. *oala zla
',ul
.-r"r""rr" i.
"oa;".
"i,.-.bqrdnl
trhit. in
rpno'al
di'srer nive
LI I de hain mxss.t rnun it..re d.]a {Jrsc si ddtr sab
Sdbostc
rtu
nstionxl. sl disrrrllja lrept*n a
g'aiurlro!
ni. rn' din srrctnile rlrgvidiror
dc a n! sj de 3 sludi' graturile
popdam inainte de conlliEa lor in tinb, nrlioDaE cchuhn. rn urm!
worn|ei rrcs.lc
!t6bcei,
in dohcnri
rnsnlnri arhaie exrh rr.
hrorir tinbji respeclive rc6r. Estui dji ep.cr ort
vshi alc linbit lnlocuesc, a..L bde tipsesc cui 6ic ca:nt tr nol
-
d.cunmtcre vechi de limbn. Penhu dirler.rog
5r
istoircL,t
ljEbit,
gr4luiilc
]ropur're
or{itnc un rel dd inlichirtti ..\if . D. 3ce.r. di}
Ie.torosiei tnble si i se da cir rnai nare aienlic.
nr uftifrii doi mi _
vssrc anchere dh.
lectale pcrtru
n.t er unrilii .
q"airril.r
lolnlrra
romineSrl si ate
!.po.relnr
contocDitosr. lyobne d,sn ta bu
rf
$it
rcdictrrea
'o-,i,,
nei e intc.nire efia-e
viir.^rii isiorici ai timbit
bftan.sti (ii .:i lirbnr p.!c:r:tDr aril.nitoa.E vr 1i recunoscilcrr
scicrariei
schrare dc tinqrjtii
renhuci
sxd insrijit d. 3cumE. acesrut
mrLar i
d rldll
In hunca l.r d. n$rici ri tinrtii, ling,;j+ii rreluc si urDeze crre,
rndicait ce r. \r. $alir. um
I'ivltorre
t1 tinhn
.ste s&ea ci isiorir uret lin[i ilrre
trcbue sttrdiaH in strensn tegi-
KtLe.l..
,,t,in'
.:i tttite ci de t1.1.!-
tuB prt
li
inlatese kr,\n 1n .a11 ednd smt strltj.te in teldrvd intli-
sat bitl txL ist.io ecicla1)ij Nn istaia
Fr.nhi
cdttid ii aptline tihba
ttudida si e1z cste cfatotul
,\i I)tttdteur
i4esr..i Irnr,rt. r D u,
nar devenir.a linbji tuhnn:lri nr cursul re&urjlor reb!! srDdiatii de
ri'svitti tu otsborfc shr_nsi! or hl3ricii. &,hertlsii
ii
etnosrrrit.
Aceasln .ob!.rard tftbuo irerpirai r.rtiz!ri!.
Trcbuc sn Jkp i isno
lara r.ciprcci dinir acede dis.illnre. E niadDtuibit .r !tr tinsvisr si
nu $ sdras.zc isr.riciror .dnd i se pnn plobteme dc isror:e r socie6.
lird
de
ro
tcrjlodur n P. n., trsriindnb snrsu.
ii
6cend
s.csetj
d.
itlleLot Dar nici
tt
ernosrarii si h! se inmmeie,
rd cr direrrtrlr, si ctid0$ci t{it
lrir
orre Ia orisnrea sau caF.krur
It'*il tumdnesti, b fohaes
roporutli 9l
a naiiMji romaneJti tnd r
fice rlel l{ drlele ritrgvhticir
Istorkji rniil naslre ncvoie dc airt hr ri.svjsrit.r. in dosebt
in srndjal eo.crl.r rDr.ape conpt.r docdmenret
.cris. A neclj. nirrurk timbir in rnci&fer prohtenei fomirii
Fo_
porului ronen
9i
a elo. nai vechl strte roneneSti est6 tot atti de
hrrdnicibll o ncslijrr.i dateld arhcoloskc.
Dd istoricii, arhelogii
ti
ctnogFlii, in s*ensn $bboEre cu
lirsvirtii,
yd
hehli sn rcrolre
ndea popcarelo!, r Flllnilor
ni
r linnihr problema atet de desha
f i 3 rornirii
lopcnlni
mnencsq Ei vor ntbul si reiute la Btrbili.
ar fi lual nsiere linbl sl pop.rl ronnD.
c,ici rinbile xii rcst gene.lte,,.,.d. intftlt metsd istari.i sa4.tnlii si ol
ilrti.i ba:etat d..a.tun|ul rea.utt,f
lj
duFi cLD nc tnvali L v. Sitli!
9i
ist.ria R.f R. conlirrn ftza stailnisti ceslrc lormar* p.I.3
rdlr :ii hrr.i il.r. Drtde lnrg,'isii.e
Dot
irlocuj, in multc ciarl, d.cu
ix.nhh ist rice care linsesc, o' mtrd:lia si ljc me'
jt
lricclde
d-"
isijlict .illxri dr
..Ln'r ,"ur.r
"po.,l
Studiul lornirii linbii
cisiiri di',bc limlri. N. L Maf
9i
conlinurtoril lri tu rtrib t lnctu-
ci intrebriitlu
ri
,rrc
,
o inrorian_ti covai;rtoiE in fcrmarea
onsul siron srd n:iso,t b.ds.limbi cu blul nri, crre n! ccniinui pc
triciun. din limhile .(leri.rre
ii
consiitue tot a61e. fothatil calitali}
D.i rif inrcresca i dnc$ana in scn r cn cufinble rinbii inctuc\ai6
6urt eb nNre fo.nate din care doun ebne(r.
Droleiiie
din rimhitc caD
srtr anlsi.cai. iD lelul tulinrn]ul r.mih's. foio..t.o
f(.ol r.dr.i si slrwl ftol, caE iisc.nni 1ot
,,roRii,.
Noi, rinErJtlii r.niii. af rrhis or n- rjrli
nibrid" al rinbilor D.oare r.at linbil!
nr inceriiaie. nmclzn.nsi rimbx r.fn;i esr.ircrucGari r, v stalin
a rrir.t ci accrsti tctrc nr conkihlc .u iinh h
lbgtusur
siiirlei
lmn.isflr N dn nxrlc'r ir mcd hnEc la o lii,bn Doui cici
,,.,.irdz
w
Fra.et
ne h,nni itndta. mle .afrhttd ene tlt
ni!:). De rsnener, ni.i r.^ltrl
jnonciirii
2 donl linbi n{ csic o
rnrbi nctri, a trel.. .rlii.tlv cesellli de elc nn.n nri v.cti.
..ta ro.
Innt., c( a.a?in in.tuchd'ii nno tlintte tin'i i.'e dc obisi ln1:inqn-
trte, i\i
r)Attftnzn
in|tan nranarixdn, in
?dsttdzd t.nlhi
fi^cirdt
,r, .r,irre si .o,rtri sli sc des@tte
Fnrtbit
taqitot intem. ate dbroL
tdrii sdte, in tin1 k c.otdttat tinb.i iri
tigtde
t
ld fa
i4 ci atitate
ercetate
ii
nrcrtrciririts
jntSrllrr
in sDsul istorhi linbii rona,e, dinrre or cdc mai inAr.-
irtrte
9i
hltiril.3re a! fost ea care . r\ul toc iri$ tihla rrijni pop{,
hd
ii
grsiurile r'de de Dlcitor, c4itor
5i
xtsnlr
9i,
3 dotra, .es dintF
Itnt. ronaDicn pe
.rle de 3 ,leeenr rdADea$n
9i el'iurile
stava di.
Ir ce prtve9te prina inshcjrare xninrili, ,l!!n
lnrdca
nd cr nn
ursll @lor 165 de rni cii
"
drni d.nll
nrti. mani in Dacja. P.oe l de ine.ucisare . llnbitor este de mult
nde intc\'ard de rinp ncses.
!.riru
r
itelaninr viclorlr linbii btiDc potulaE asurim grrjuit
r 1$cc a lost
destdl de indclunsal, cEd 3t tlelrue arezat de r-lungnl curfllui inferi.r
d Duntuii, rltuxinruv dcta coDnnntr Tisai Q narele fl8tu penn ta
ors. ,l.ici dipenirer mnann 3 dnst cel
lltrn
600 {re nj. rr D&ia,
lnlrlric
corori,atc de Dinishrti. romad c! soro
sii
ad'5i din roate
@llurne inpc.inrui
e nirginsu t. orlmia,
jmnhica
rnsnriieann !
Bfuaruluj si junirgtci rpuscrni. Ard.rtuhi propriu uis
(rirn
cfisana).
tn Muntrnir
-
lr risnril dc sibiu, Ai!d, clui
tr
r.
Nod itc zilan In Ardcal n'au cxistal colonii roDane, .i nuni rre
l,ftirclc
(.astc)
loin lazr
drunlril'
ti
a tFcit rilor. Ibninsiis
r.nana era dci nmai nominaln. Prcsupun deci ci nrcrn.isfcr liDhli
lncicr, nr cursur cireia a
jsit
l'linsibrre linbr
i3'-' rrpu'.r 3.es coqdo-.rlu3xt
tdt cea md
Fulehici
si admnnstulr rcnsnt s'r henlinrt ss eole.
Daci accasr. e .dcvir31, armci rlehue sn presnpu.n o rnspnndn. !11.
fioarn a linrrii ronanicc, dc
])i
Drnrirc, ieprrle spre regiunte nuntoas
drra Ncil:ri dera snd de n"reh rrnriu, m
Jn
tu d'dc in aniirrrjtars
r
liilru.s
lmrt4
t4in,
cR de e*enplr
in Nord.Eslur ardcrlulni, in ord.va
9i
Munrenjs ra Eki de ort sau tn
lintriln
nnnltlor Pind, th cftcl..
Dq,i pdrc,ea h
,
mNt3bEi *istenlcj utrel Iimbi c.re dc.ivi
di! rinba ratinn
!e
rerrrorir unde d.nimlra rohtni a tost de sdlti
ftmtn
(Ollenia,
Banit
5i
Pstul
stiirinit de loc Dunixi n'1nDr
(nr
o rispdndjre
o exriansiune . iradier i tinrrii roDrnicc da
]re
nn 1.n
ldiD mnijl@it invec at
(ndurire
Dn(irjr). undc {npnnnea iomlnn
! drat m3i hulte
secDLe
9i
itedt
nroc.sul
de ionanlz're
"
bigtiDstllor
si Be desli-9ure.
consid.r ci nna din sr'cinile
nogf
al
d"d
.,,..:,*,"d"
,.-t-; e re suis ,in'r'..
sr iu 3
"er
,r,trr ne rer:tor.l ri.
d ! de c rooD tr cra o" o'l'
* .1.; r*r"
Djrbo-iFr,
rJlo r- Prrho!
'
ill"r.r"i, M*titt"i. s.!g*.r,i, rl.ldovei, slcevei, tunerDa*Lor ccme
",.1a,-'
,,,""." o o,r''
1. ALc. .u.' M m u Pur-4 Bu.o
r"i,
-ao
"'t,',
,,icei. z]alnet. MoiFlad uietc, elc natr fosi o ndnn dc mncnj, cin'
ri.tio.
nmdo!, cre t hnit
!e
acst ptnd:t sule ite anl slavii ac+lr
"di
d"
'-ddt
i*b* sottti Fi
er
p.inhe shnnorit Rona b! de
lslnzi. Nunnrul topiiinicclor $chi
ti
lnp. mt, .dicA a NDclo!
lo.nliglillrr
iNemn'te dcstar nt docnE nie lechi.
,ic origine ronanrcn sN mnlne,scn, c disparerl
jn
mnFraJie d
'ccra
coDhadictir dint.e
ractenl rdonahlc, in
rrinnl
rind slav, da.
9l
nagrriar, c!m.n et
,
riul lhbli ronenc n! poa+' fi r'?'lvatn
ilrpi ptrerea mer, de.d!
Psupunand
o rnsptndnc d Inlii
ron'ilce
Irord-)_r) !,
u
colrhoraer
dint& lingristi
ti
istorici
yr
trebli si liruerscn
,.nditiile in c.i. ! r dcsfn$rst
ptuce l .re
,,indtitoo"
difhe nnt'
)onrnj.n
(lonane3:ct)
9i
linbt slsvi
-si
irriisnber. ljmhr slrlt iar p crl nordic, lirb. roniiersd
Diredtele
r\ icrtii de pdni aun datc de litrgvcti
5l
l8tollcl rccstui fupt nu ni
.. par satisftcilto're. riti irdoirli
ti
unil
-3i
allii ru drelirte ctud sasli'
rMhionisnut potorulni roFiiesc pe lerilorirn cel ourpn lstizi, dlr
rrc5esc
cind nu rdnii
losibilitri.a
rnsltnitirji, , eapansiunii leaie .
,fii linbl
Fste
teritorii inreciriale nr c.re ie hrbc;tc tlli rinbi, rn{'
,
DjtsuDune
nisralir, d.Flsai{ p.Nbtiei in lohliid6 ei Pri r'o
'xFnsluDe,
o rnspendnt lenrn s rinrhij lattne, nu a
lornhlioi
ron
'c.
r!ft
tc.itoriul iopornlui rona,, h popur.lii dc o.isine .tiici ro'rtc
)rriati. t.r,uc .xpli.r6 ururizsr.a accLr
lnri
nndc ru spnrut ni]
rnrzh tlnbtle mhanice cu r.aic prline dle
ronam b fornarer deosebitclor pcpos
de
Iinbi romanici: Ivuezl, spa olj,
Dlmo*ul mnd i, mnpoEr4s etnicn r
inrnor
rohinorti poate fi on-
cid n! erin roDani decat in e
Frive{c
liftb.,
rei klonitti sdull dln taate provinciils
La fer Jr d6risuml, si expansuier slevi,
rntrne ca o riisnindirc
ctre veche. popul3|e da.o gct'. Fjr.Je
9i
cu aftsr
lilc.j
rs inHnprar o .ar6r colDnjzrre, o asearc
'.
icn
do rmbn 3rrc4 prh s.corerc v vr
_
destscatii cu el.neDte ernice sirve
lbvin
marck
nice sr:ve
rnsrarc $nn
asiizi
(DanboviJ.j
rirfil?, Birssd
,.
,.
^cerrli
pru6s
d. .trlansiune lenid. dc drta rc.str r rinbii r.-
dlni.a {nninesti). lretde p&s!!ns seco,clr rrnil,r.re, i. xrns
cinlr
lolllilia
drmsefi slavi:aliri anstecatn cu sl.vlir dr
9i
d
pc sravi, acrlri sha.rrra granrricati ronnncas.r
,i
ronlut
triricipsl
de culinie rornaDcrti
si
cu xc6t
rrlcj
sc fr.c o ore
..descelecarc"
dc clercnte cr.e tur.ban linla rodrnicr lrnni r.ni
rt, ca ode poF"^r
9i
n3lt!Dc,
,,riin
oaDi,'i
de t6e si
^ea.nlti
l.htite'j
o1n ne inv4i r v. shln,r. si din
,,rnhh
ionr'si,'inigrr'4l'Dailoi'lj0ponlsndi.sc'i
pDct de vede't
ttiinliJjc
uDnrr ssupra lornirlt
poporului sDnDesc
1i
! Iinbii ronere nn e
Dosibih
fnri o stnnst
colrMlarc a isto.j.it.r, arheologiloi, eiioEralilor
!i
tins1,\1il.r n.*ri.
a'and drpt c rnzn conceplir naEis!rent.
nlsii deslre lstorlc
;i
in deosehi tezete siatinislc dqspF natinne
it
des.
lrc
rimlaj ei vor pdtea rqclva lccasri.,enignni . irlrner. rpoleza enisd
'urohtonis
pop.rulur ronar3* pc rri
toriur
Fe
cre n o.uFn rst;2i si in rcek,si limp o rispaDdiie rerariv rirde
. rinbjr rananesri ir cufut evltoi nediu
!c
reriio.ixl reDnnrcii
popn
l c Ronine, dlt.riii apr"ertet @ntradiclii intr. t.zx ruLhroniei einice
ii
@r r exD'nsiniii nedkvarc a rimhii ronanastt. va & i firi ihdo,aln
rcrb dc r d'*dlr
rL.
I 6LurLa
\J
it.1.
lomdred tinlrii onnnetri
plne problem inctus8irii liDbilori s
l{' i'r-'.r'n"
4
e. cl'r' orlc
: l t oo"n .'rb s"bue
"'i
Lr"-
*"*l da
tez? sirlinlsin care stxbile*e de oLtar.r inesdn
'
",'"".""
r,ri$ nu se facc in mod.sd in di:eritele conpdtinrute
rle linbil cet
rxi snsibil ,3 schinhnri esta vdcabdart El,
,,sa
djrd irJr'o 3i4r? de
;crinb4e dp1.aN mnnrcn?ta"
1)
h vo.nhLlr
se oslindEc ifredirt
ti
cels nai bici schinnnri in
rctivilalea de
pmducli, orice Drosrcs
nr
*iinln
.qi
tchnicn cnci
,,"
ltubd
t3te tendfd aemilb.it tl. t.t'litdted de
rndnctiE
o anubi
i
nL tund
,t,, rai"itot* a"
ercdualie,
ci
9i
d. aricte ottd s.tir de a a nlui,
nt tuate sfet t. nlnxii sd...."') o un8lc non irvnblt
Prinett
ine
asencnc.
Fi
dilcritele
!ir!i
din cde e constiiuile
msn.i""
l NoI:un I Itsle
triej. tennjcei. rFicultnrii, cone{ull| frns?oftuilor
tebnc tunitc
mon-rr DxirF
lor. N4:' s ri p.tri
"
i-rdh" 4r" or'
.' ..: a.
-,..
erDr
'' ''i
'U\:
'.
n'i
';
d"'i.
mte ;li rondul existalt de cuvnrL, rre isprrmhic din rfte lihbl'
,ltu ndoia
!c
cfe o sinle vorbitotul de 3 irlocui clvintele
5l
expt
siilo vechi, u.td, handizate,
lipsiic de exprcsivllatc,
lrin
allele nol
Droaspete. exptcaive, nai spie sl cxprlne r'rectul, simpaiiq andFtit,
, ,i,* r"*''".
-a
il i'- .* c"": rnbr c F o Lo",lri d"
-p
',
dup: d'liii' o"Li
'
''
na5a un"l"el
"cdi"
'
rrri'
"
.*r ru r."
;
n-r
'.e
,uid
c" p.rr'" r
'e
oae F dEpink'
rlispar
9t
ele 3n tln!{I, Disp.r
ti
@vinr.le
ti
cxpEsiile
nzate,
solite
de
In felll rcesta se prjn.ncttc n&otrle t voc"but.nl ofttftl innl
|xr rcinnoirca \ocabll'rului nu se cesrnturn ln t rie pi4ile lui in in
".
1l!'l: o
rrie -
hricrlui .alprroorn
vdabdra
-r'
dr cdr:rlr I
nhitn tu r v. stalh fondlr piincitd
"l
r!'xicurui, cuprhztnd cuvirieto
ea& desedneri nolrunile tur&Dhtab, nrdisp.ns!-,ile vieliij oli4ielo
4le nri mnnne mmr inqnjuri
re
oD, fenonencic .et3 nai .bignrirt
rle n'iurii .cliniire cele mri crmrcrtdc. cde nri Jl4venre, indclthitd
dc 6neni ih
lr.ciio
scciaii,
lrccun Fi
rtdi,ct(ile dio care se torncrzn
pin
deriv3tic cuviniele nci, sc
princn
sta nlu hli ii:.!. rnntulnnd tn
cscntn.ccasi ds.-lunqur veaclilor.
Di
nii stabiE dccnl fondnl pri
nati.^h.
,,Et6bo'otd
h n .LrsLl1ncit t
9i
nntd6 i, cdacn
ti
sanget
tbnbiij sttLct ra gflnaridna se schinbd
$
hoi incet decat
fundur
ptin
.ipd de c tinte. CL tinlwt ed snldd, nesi.tut, schhnbdti, dt pintiTiil4
stmctrrii
llth1axi.dte
s
,lasheai tin
d..ursxt rtui pdinanz de titup
Jco,tu
indetLnndtc, tl..Ece cL tltLri .Ln ltard istotid
?at
se
tu suc.es societaied
tin
tucusrt Lnui
,i
d. .pa.i.
Ast.t stru.1ur4
4 h1d|ituld d tinbn si
funtlnt
ei pineiput de cu_
tihte dtcdt 6c til@tir Unbii, edtn specilicutui ei,
').
rtin urrir, v.crbrl,rur hDt in ioblirrtu l8 edc cet n.r sup
shlnbirilor, f.ndul princr]rl dc cuvi*e nri pulinj i,r
cranalicx
r.
dstn score de !,riindut firi r suleri schinb l *eitiate. co,slala
scersra b mrabiE
ii
in c.al mresteulli dotidbi, 3,,nnucisi]rto.i,
lnfrrcnlcror rn.i rinbj ailPra aueja. cici ir s tui*
cr*ri intlc doun limbi iir csrt si se ti rhstec'!, sn sc fi
,,hcnct
rr.
in
Frcportji
esare elemerlete
!1.rnaricrte 9i
leaicale rh @tor dori linbl,
.ezlliarnr rnrd o i ipi.lirbi.rlilrrlr n.ui. Linlr rt3 o,,un n,nlinui
pe nDa dinbe linbile in l.Dti. Leiltc interne dc d.svollaE ale metr
strucrun
Sranaticaln $i
toncul
lincipat
de cuvinrc
djsp,re tFpld laA h.rtrnire t:mbii in'ingnroarc un nmb
.
dtl
rn mnscintn, tutn L v. slrrin, rocablhhl rnoi linrJi p.3te
!E
ai nic, ur crncter amestccrt. iirr. Refc.
rind, elaerenplxtlifrr,ii ru$.I. V Sta1tu snstinD ci, nroucijdndu se c
ba ruei r inlhnurat cNirrc djn rcd
r.!, dr spcciritut ci nrli.Mt 3 isit invinsntor j....i,.ntndndr
t
s.,,.-
twd
qflnaturlii
ti led1,
pinciFnt LL cutiat.t
')
,{ interrretr ilsi ap.sii cnurt'rc a lui I' v sislin in sisur ci
slrnrlift
sj londul priiciprr
de hvhrt rla nnei linjr, N strDr sulr$e
dc loc nrrhcntei rin])iror sh.ihc insannri a n! pnh,undc .seiir pro.
lrlemci I. V Stalin Jr relErii la mes ca se nndnrti de ohir.iu tu
lit
L.jul nuuqirilor d tre linbi, firn a intn in minuntc, Du4hiD
rusr. Este sa!!ii3 linsv4fl.r ita I slrbili
'!
Blalul
de biluenln al unei liDbi asup.a cclailalie.
Esle adevnrai cn cuvrntele a!34innnd fondulut
lrincipal
d v@ebu
iDba i,itrl1.. lar
lrameii.r,
nr ds.seli
no{ologlo
(ileclimrea
ei
cotjusareal, ntr s. inprtrnxtn delt o linnn
h dt. .un s. nnFrunuti de plldi, cuvintck. Ton$i i luenFle shnine
Frtund ri
tu londicn
ej
jn
sirnari ba chiu si ir noriolosie, d3r ir
nrslrn nlli nri mic4 astlcl incnt nu
9iidlsc
spcciricul nitrcnal ar
lnsisi ri br Mincasct p.ate savi c. exenli! penhu ilustmre.
l.caDul3,al linlii rmenerii este hro s din ele
ncnlc de disinl dinriie, nqbrilatcr rcl*ivn riind lohdn din cuvintc
de otisine slad.
dir tcnenj intdnaliomrl, dii a9. nmi!.
,,nslosjsne'
pittuhs E@nt
h linba roneni din Ilnbs francezi.
In cs prircstc ronftn prjncipal
din cu, nrrc vechl de orisinc latn i, c$
ti
dh nulte clcrcnle de .rjglne
slavi siu de crisine rco,ncscutli. Dzld
?dra'sn
u.4 acestet din trmn,
rrcon ti
mlre cuvirte car. prczhtt oar6ft asrnn e .u cuvintc
sLbrneze. snntrestlri,
!r.n.bil,
din lint. 6E a senil de sulsbat riDbji
latiDc
lopullre
dii c e s', desvoltal limha mnani. In ce privette 8ir'
tA4 ronettc!, dsivatia, nof.logia ljnbii tunan., elementul Ltbsc
.sle pr.umpinit r,
!e
cand element'n rutolton, rL subsltr3tului,
ti
ele
'reilll
sbv. rint rodte slab r incti morroLgia 6ic
rpbrpe pe de r'ltresd de orlcine l.tini, firi 3 liiisi insn nid aisi ele
Dupn
cr3dul
de shnilitat
$
nzistcnti la inllueiFla linhitor st'ninq
3re linbri sa iBiri dt?d
firtod,vn,
in orJ\ra,
urnnlcan: ndfolosis
(lteriuNa),
dedv.lia
(fdndrei cuvhtelor), sis
bmnl ronctic
ti
fono,osic, sintrra, londul
lrntipai
dc cuinte
ti
voca
der l3bill mnai
rshn
linb3 ronaln
llti cerccritori ar
rrcrune
31tn odine. Gtsind ct nundtul sutixoLr
9i
),
rcrixclor sl avc in linbr rondnn e f.art hare, ar rsez& dernJafa dupi
Asnpn unui beru i'st strnt d. acord toli linsaltljii
D{r'rDl.glr c partca ccr nai sldjl! d llnhit.
jr.
rdabrlarul, cet nd
v.cah lard
(arun
dc rontul princip.l dd crliile) 6nstjh'c dcci
i, mda, riind el n.i lncstecai cu inFmmut i fi.,ne linLilor sbii'rc,
'r"
rtiri,
A
u
sclimbaie, ecclc dlr-rnl]dul
rre?etrland
o.artcsre,,jnFcrncaLiljisle"
!)
pentru ih|ncntetc str:nne. Am vi,ur iisi ci sintaxa,
tl
f.nDrocic ss scriiinli nri rcp?de
ii
snnt nai rcesiL e inh:Dtclo,
shiiine dccai norlol.rji., co. c
hnbii, eea ce h
!.t_
frd rard crr iet azn.Inhr!i.
stalirilriez muu(ecurarn 3 g.n.ricii, ir dcosclri
ficut n, prinnl riind cu
lutinln
nr:sterc. rrudiurui co4a.iliv isloric il
rimlilor si sr.birire", cu rutorul tui. r difdii.ror r.n
cterririj, a dcrinirii lilutli u(ci linli, .
starrrljrii
sndnlli
de inhdile a ei eu .Lre tjnli, sii
srhatict
D.ct doDi sr! mi nnltc linbi prczjnlS
"sebiiirt
ti
cor.spon.
denl6 ii .uinGle care exlrini noriurilc fundasonlde, d.r nxi ale!
in Eh'uctura ror
snmarie,li.
timbite respectjv.
beble ..nsiderare cr riind
brutnc, avtnd o o
sine
conuni. cnci slructurr
c$n.1icali
a rnel
lihbi in primur
rnhd,
ti,
i'r rnndul rt dcitca, fotrdn
!
xip:t dc .uinro
clr t rusi e n'i acesibit inftlentcrcr strniDe snnr 4etea care ts
lnvinsAtore en ocsi' incmcisnribr di)rre tihbl.
In cc
lriveste
linb. rontnn, sttucturs
Crsmaliatn
hrinn, evotuatn
heriat in cnmr veacuitor, I tosr adoptati cu
lritojnt
ceLr doun ni.i
an*teN dc den4te etntce
ri
ti.hcisari ds lnribi nrtinphrc in de_
..{Dl r i., imb romtu" L'mba roninr, Drilh
n*.rri da ip
.us
i. r ?anru i ooiBr' t,, ."-".,",
"'
,
F.
.nnil vocrbularul e .hestccat o rorre hulic elenhrc nc],li,e, tn pli.
ro1;r | 4 I s:.
. t bJ romn:c.l.
Linbr ronann rroc deci prrtc
din Fnurs rom tct s fsniliet D
rilor iDdo.urorcnc. coD llarea resstr
sen4rosici
roltc jusid _
csre .t .ab sufictenri
lclrtu
I derini, r .arrcleri,i
o tinb a i st3hjl
riptrr? FlcdE tihti s,r dsvolbi iiifD nediu d.tcrninat, in vecini.
,
rrl* un r tinbi
'inmfte
d, car.
"
ro* inrhcntaln.
cu ci"e s,a ..nrru_
r$f
i.3"$1, irsr o- t.\ srrti..
po!.1tid."r\orb.r.
t.r.rl
dc{riindut si{ alol isrorla hi
troprie,
(teos.}irn
de isrj,ii dtor
!,Fcarcj
cals 3a oghrdit h lintri si 6E dpncn desoltarca inlr,o dimdie 3a{
altr E limbii rEp.crire
h lrna
j.cnctlirii,
s i|tiucnlei ,n r tinbi,
sau pbdus nodi cnri, c d&nrat Dai rtes in rexic, d.r si
jnuucn!.
cu.
.ft,g ad.src't
+
fona priicip
lniolosia. Drtorjtn @sb. inlluenle, o linti poatc picnntr un tlp
d.&bit in sirul md rditii, a rnai nnn.i dtte, ;. nn
!in*
seani do
nediul ist ric si linsrsli. in care Ja desvolhl o ILab6 l" ileliDiJiq It
car&tcrlzart!, la sbbilirer tiFulxj acestet linbiJ d se p.re grtit.
-{
dcdrE elglcz.
!!r $
siDph o linla
se'furlci,
lihba r@tu'i o libni
rnani3t. linlra hulsarn o linbii shra, fira !
linea
eshi
Fntru "nale7;
de srbstrttln ccltic
t
de inltuerts pntetuici francezn a pr. rnslo
ssxonei, s ncsrija pen!tu Fnnnn subshalul lrco.iliric
ii
slte in{lue.9e
',i
nal rtes prteDica
jnfluen[
s]Nt, a nitrindtzr pentru bd$rn sub-
strattr lrrcl.
ti
tunanic, illlnrnle]c
8ftrcn,
alblnezn, ronenn
9i
turct,
'
n anlnti faptd cn buls.h 3r dcsvolitt in elrgi iedi! istoric
ir
tinpistlc ca
$i
ronanr, s$mezr, grei.t qi in
Farte
sarb..costs, ceea .e
ii conre.i nn lc dd*bil lnt.e linhile slavc, dc dtlcl ct si celel rohdne
irbe linbile ronrni@. &c h delintir {terectuoad, unnde.tli a a.eslor
linht. E dcvn.at ci. foarte onod dc a lntrelninb . f.rDuli sdli
de tlpul
,.libba
roneni este o linbl ronrnicnir. Acc.sti ford,ni nu
tlne
irsi e.nii de nediul
jst
ric
rt
li4ahttu oiiental, sud$t eumpcan.
ln ctr s'a desr.ftrt linh, roneni
ti
caft i4 dst nn $p4t rprrte lnh.
limbile rcnanl.e. Cncl linb3 loniri, chiar dela in@ptrturile et,
Foa.iii
rrccta
nedirlui ln care r soluri. Insitl llnb. lrtinn popd n care
sti bbs'llmtlt rohane, .dicn ldin. polnttllel tumntdtc r inpeiulli
mnan de ri:irit, s sienl
'l.l'
lncclut o pulmici,lntheiln traco illrn
st greaci, is. nai ldziu r ]!rt trn aspct deseb:i de .cda al romnirel
rplsene, d*orlti ililerltror infllenJe, in
lridl
rand sl!ft. A.este in
nlente au atjns ml alds locrbllaruL dr ele nn llps.6c Ind in Lntul
lrlicipd
de cuvintc. niei in foreticn sj,taan 3i
-
in ce prlv.lte lifllentr
sravi
-
nici chiar ln no ologie.
Dlr.itn neiliului istoric cu lDtul deosebit rtc acclr in aE s'a! d6
voltar celelrltc limli mn,licc lldb. ftnnnn
Frczin|n
trnsituri tnexis
tnte in liDbile r.nanie rpuene. Iali catev! dinhe tucst. f.is:luri:
l) sriicolrn h.lirit enclilhr 2) ullolul adjecnad
9i
prononlnrl
(car.
te'.ed l''uo*t d'clenlui); 3) ddclinlEa decserltn de acee. a lin
btL. ronrnie aPs.nei 4i fomarc. viiLnlui
5) inh.ebtrintmo si
ric
Gtsi vdbe tFnsitive a alxi1larulli d ti in nnelc
fame verl)sle mnl){sc
asn li
sd*,
''
ti
s'rit, 6) iniEblinF er rtrn
r lnrrniinabi si lnlcauirer lul cu tubjonctiwr; ?) exi8tmft vocatn{lull
3) extstcni. !dh!lri: 9) rclrl de a dnn'r dela 11la 100i 101 r.stie,
c. k a rui. iniiial; 11J sclenlr corlatiel mnsoanclor dure s.l m.il
12) uflclcnl in bun;
!31t.
slrv
{dar
st nrghjrr.
E1desc
alb3ne?,
tre .fc.) .r
'ocrnulatului
n 3. s s Torte celeldi. limbi rcdrni.. for
@:ni{Dr
o1}
sh.liE ia'd,itrlz.t l pritri nulle
I
bieirriliraonlnr
..ni.
lip$s inrtilbdi'rno!i.Ji{s, laid.utnbni ftimr{n.s oltreltntre*ollr
g'np
a,l Nnbir.rrihei@i.pDsM innir trnsnbliltt(rn1inlih' ;ui16$.
rir n,
-)h
,
.rlrilino! rinlndii'!6aind.ttarih!,tinbnoljrBddenturindbioztudn
dec! cd!n- 6luri:dc6sc'jiie
"
url.trprlccicEntat
,'i
nlr{r.od6i6rrijnb$ E
mald os&ideiflprii'nih)ir.olidr4t.
ilrr rae
ap&pii, t'dg mLr.de ,rlll.ilb
6rrlqrinrd*dliide,rinbit b'isii ip'usni
5l.d.:iqi!d
sbrijcitdr@
lln,
dintu:milrrrrlrurg{,b}i albdez4,&: aan}r6hj,bdridrinstorti
sEbiintsi'rilgtidi.ijrmdi4dor,tnei ii.dhtl,]r$tn q.i,j
tFrb@ninclr4!
sdbdiAtdn o 6i, lins'iEiie nirdlilinrh.ela.ti,rn1flumi+jnrluonjeld!.5.
niIipro4 eoMrebir$ddrle dorlqb]{rm.uiirn,acbai,rf {0: d:1,h.Ei&hnlt
ba*tri:toxlc*:&jedinnloerE, \vzib
r'; rri)rrln
r:? tlhrl N:i.r' r' !
.r
^&a
cecr'lidl'*riL
icirriiti&
di4bjjibrtrp .tBrEe*n,
ljldilLdelqt
dei.dn,ti.,re$+rn I} sikvdrrb.ct in iJalin,troiurarohtu-n
Drintir rt
f omnta6drtar;e!4Dljitrdirrxr!bfl ,{ siliiedhr,'E deodrlarirea9iisrld
idrprddlhepln rcstititdstjiatifica,r4li4b!
etndn6rsctudsiii,dcdi tirtrllt
ton lifndriEtrlzrr+ dc iDi fiFided,iibn d.limln6ituna'ir?bcdd.bbla
M tarii, diEd6'.ltuetLlinbii.,lotinei?oi!]h,rairbiti In
iiipciLir, jnra!
ddiitunr,i!,dir, ,populltnL tuiilmirlre <-i',
Trrrrnx
iaiiii .4d!i.d
I
gcri.d.
disioq, .d,citEi, ri:djai pfdjn.iaursidni,i'fdibr i8l lfniiliir. ado!L6, rnd
442ir:16eqri!'Lxirrr,siidc''iiE roasd elerrene, eiii.;rll.$i.,idlMir
tui,6iq' tuiaidrr
{ftntuqD.pere1ros{j
:lai
r
isi . ndghi.Ejr irill'Nfdnr:de
dbrle. {i dE i$natd::jirillri)r.
sEqtnti
altane,4,3p.i i! !;sdn drFte
ndr6fi@i6Fs:tn tlyrcJidD,r inrtoneNic4litdllali4 dintdn
Fi:5niar
tn
norJbto!4e); dd itui dam(irj ddsbn hmg6E
,
d:i
6i:
ucr.ircn6, di .dN
'drfi!
!,rciD *
rra,tinbr4si.)i obnid,dNoahc rr:i.ftdri t4icalc,tfd
'ned@l,iiinlat'ioe,tt,olirririordbrosi@;lmnrc
ih,bnrgJE st sr,6&tdz4.
Detinitir po.te ll fornul.td in felur,urbit r lin!! @naniidte
Irnb':lbndnct d!.ttp rnied.! dcdsbntcer!?{ju] rjdblo'r JrEmhc dc
ti!.ddciddhtalrdeiLlrurrn ir,in dia dnnrc,,
gE6q
i4j,rirrr Ji,jxic.i{tq.
cai lni!}idul
'and
'
slbvr',i.i.l
"t'. r!
,r!,, ii
'-i
irlriiL, /i
:
'
li
j
,i l';or 1'ij
.
Li lP.bttuie iFftq 3idi' dei+ele c.elui ndrinr .s{!ra ri$bilLeot ert!
ceUL snrjaDoJ: iddtt mjlEiti de'
der,oll"ro'
eetatodr n! nevoier&
ef]!tu,.uno5ljrterin drsils.hdri arotiigabfiqjji Itn.lilgli8r ap.qr!.lt
,zrt
ldsfrtdidrlrnniir rodjtne, I
ld:lanatl
r nb8 rrtjlii
tj:rrngahlioj
b4+
nto!.
ifcixg
stImDoei e :IinpiiliBiind.'drok4ntinenhr r.clloid,
!mrrad,,i.f
hlnla;irdoistlzruluri ir.c. irir j, apot
:
Iilsvietid
Intrghidnl+
tutskni dn t,rle,tri'hue lr,rlbn. onaeiiilei*liore de s}3{ilttcn
Ou
.so,jt
como3.c,.r
\."
"1r,rr,
d"
r;,,," rlurtc"
ab.ri
'"g'
. po|.lo .'ie!
'c'tu,'qi
nb s v".FIJ5-
'
?
'usdj
srn:
l.
lo o
_e i,
si trure. c' r' d bi
4iF h'? ) o
, .arrea nd.dei mnDrliv"
-
*"
'.-
tl"tar"-""', uli3'3t d
r)lNe
ide
qi;
r$bl tdne;ed;dil Li nit@tEd xcost i inrt'de Bi nu
\,iri,!f cd ir, v:islalid i,hhss'j:i]tcnqi! isietdtot i|d$itu lii$rikii
gr;tc
h. di r,i hil*asr'destiii niisiirl'insnrsu'hdiltl dub'3! o lribilc
,
Drn td. si.tini:tn,,drdtu.deie Drthcrpdr,lir,,in'rd,rne
6l' si/rE
t,n sa
stuhdridd $ fa\tut
ptnc,ldl de o,ri,tr1), renlln ci, tntfo
LLmb4.y'+J:q
l|qbue.Fiuirlii
in
!!rr,l
4F.4 s1a44tica ei
ic/, ,d4dai
4n44ri.4.1i bq @pdta
eos$nq4ld
.t, a.inb$.s
aaadqne
ut\qt
h i@qti;
l lr'tqidt.qt,tartbil,:),
pq,on"d,,q!,riql
!.4*e
n4,d.attta
nli4rial de @Dltrncue! Fnirv.rs\t.,,cradalL!,
rE!.
ioase @&',4qpi
,.-,.i
la rJand
ud cat/r4
se.ea\
rndrd. o'3a Jr
'uLt"
.
qLelru p-
!._!j.e
'wah
!d
"j-bru
r'
nqr.aane; carnurici intia
e.. hio
r@D,,sseiaa &
pi,Flqnie , lir
svis-illo.,mai.ni
esle,de t
qa,o glmerqn mrsand'lilnE lr
fle
'4'i
qki
r{qDtol
do ]imb
naJ!.lrle 1,t44ro
4p&lenrii@ttdq AFrstr E
r','o
rj,nMild,
loed-tiv4 c@
st ,o:!l..@l erqllatictl rli.celori
@.?,1
h!!i
sriitDrr
'.i,iqqid,
E. aq,F
o.!F.ide l4tlrsitunLe
srlF*tipak Dbprii
.cr'
l.rit!.lof
elriqt,rl@{o nral,
pentrj!
4i !q!r3 .
qvtlarq4
&I'nelor !ftrnli
lLd.alc draielt'l, deoeblta.
ds cale, a,le
,lj!Abn,
n atim
r
le !i$diul, rq$uri
j
i,,.i.rortica,re, a d{orilplar.drahcie e:dp
inrseinj1 dtsfr4rqci r!a*c rF
r'dr" r Insyisrii.3b e 3 d.ded.roF{.,L.nh,re {r
"4hd
d'
d w&aa,ri dd l
?6i'r rc
invqln t4Y4risul sblin
!1.
,r't
rolq,pap4nrr,
in
hpb rd,
ldtruddsb]rir!3
ryeititullur
.i, ebue,3i
91ie
si DisreFAi*!
',ri0eF6h
ee6ii dn1t6,., Un iei,i ,tii dc,
sle.geri $@aticele e s$r &
, .res aaa,nldta intelq
d*lqq, It'riehl
sasta lu]1iq.sr9:iil]df{lFeefc
i cti!,.i do-turoc de @nnn(@ int]!. qaFerir
O.4ql ln!4qi.\il4niiipr
rL cauci .ocirlismrlu, trebue sn p.scde un indrqrt
$arotical
8is!r
ro,lr
r put@ rotFrrti lcrie
q
l,$\t cel nqi
sde 4e.cj.ei1,lq1i,
crri.
.:
cD..!..
f'^LsF4lrmou:
die.trd
(c.
ri
a linbilor striilie), nu p.aie li nerlijatn gra4stic!, rr!
cud 3 r fi.cu1 ra noi
lann
i{rm. E iladnisibil ca absolwnlii
rcoaret
eedii 6i se
Frczi*c
lr .xmciers cc arlailde ni nEtiiurete de tnvn.
lirn:;inl
suleri.r lirn cunotrlntc rorci,ice
s1c4atic,te.
Tov.rital st,.tli
ne invaF cn vocabuhtur sin$. nu rorneazn lflrrr insrri, ci esle
,,mdl
n qnbd notetirt .te Nonstflctie
!"irs
ri-bt'L). r.1 Dqdlle dc nodlfl
-d!1.,
deamb a.^I iut
'e
r:i!-op .i-i
dt
EraEllicr
(n
rlolosia
el
sintur). Nnnai cu ajuronl
srr@n.'
vocrbularul pat
,,..inhtiica aa"tunle unMe ia inflttut Mteri4l d
rtflbtl,). Deci invdtireftului
Fanaricat
lEbue
nrD inrrorrdtr, aui rn p,edr.a limbit bnanq cn
ri
x limbito
Du grmrrica,
!e
]ansn ci con* ue bnditia
prinordiaE pcnhn
sti
rhirca
cnr nai d.plinn I unei rinbi o,redrej arc in relq+i lifr!
rcrte nar t.oennibte educati\X,C1am6titu este fttuItohd, unei
tir
ttnqnte nunci de 4bst etizdte d
sandjdi uno@, un iadie dluiap
s crese ab
sandtit'
3).
P*ixn dsvouaru gnndbr',
a laprctilii de ju
d. 3r3. \ro!- u aFDar'$ AJ:,-i
plnior saminn r v. S1llin glbatica a gsnetri'. Inromd ca
so
ndti,,
,,...cte ri
ndbirzte tzsk
ld.dnd,
d,sttd4ie da obiltelt Mctett
adsidaAnd obiedete dr.pt .atpan necan|.te
si
ttdtitind t.tdtiite .lint
t;tt-erL\i,La
@rpuri in
s^etdt
tipsite d. ariee odrd,tr cdnetl j I lel
9i stansil
..kDrr4r' {4lii r4ta F,4'rn"Fa
)en.-tn
,an,t".,.
^a..Fa.
-1 p.edid tun
.tc., ci t,
qe
ddt DtiN
le|
de
wazitii,
indwn'Lnt d.
l*rtu
can
d dtdtui s@ cuttuei
rtarnzitii,
Ptk nne4
ld.and
dbsttdclie d.
rat
tintqr
$
mcrct atat in anite ."ar
ti
ir
Frotozilii !,rdrution
ia reI'rt
nat Mn dd ltd la bhd n.tlifiaon ddnteli si 5 t'rtbinntii ld h
p'-p"1ii si M:re.P
tlil @
?rdn.tirrza'r). E erident ct este canctem alc
sl.'miicii,
c6.nd e pE-
Acest. ind,t!t', accasii grihatcn romsttvt'
ruj irri rnr
st
iii ri. lr (jrii
^cddcrur
n r.R,
I
d{iii mcLdrc. ddlollt cair.itaka Ae abstracti'aE, dc
gdhmlizrre' de
'ohrs'D
r rcp rlu
^Le-er,-
a\a r :F r+ :rredr''! oar I
ri
s i un1
'trU
L u 6n r o; c.r ra."
d" cu h'i rDvn
rnlh
"
mi Li+.
ad6tr. r uo rd d
;bos
i:.
'-''.-'..t,.
e
4".- t l mb sud e P" lru 4Gtr c
i.""r..*'--
Ped4osii d rcc osnt don ll rolll edn.ativ aL prednrji nnei limbi
'
1 .ne .s r'1q-J0"'oF(o' Se
-'
ir .rr'
'r
porb rl se d oer l"
'-"
,
-;"*L
":
I vn
'' s'ansrrc'r
irtine. E sddiIt ci het da de
pFdare r
crdalicii
in a&stc
r@u
3e
rttucca h hvttnma n*snicn r .e8llilor
srhstjcale
.le liEbii clasi@
!i nai tiziu sle lin:lrli nltdne eiodt accdta gresitn de
lre&re
3
grrmaticii ! lncuta anilpaiicn ebvrlor' Nereoncand
inloftantt gn_
malicii, ccdlnd
ri
dorirtei devito. de I ri scutiti de. n.lelie edn,
plrr
tisitcrre
-
itin calzi nctodel
stilte
dc prelare
-
iNirnniintnl n shu
r ftglijat
riD.nm
tn rdtidl tirp s'r anilgat
9r
jnfluen!.
idilor bl
N. L Msf, Din hcdrile lni L v. stalh se vedc cla! cfe srni . ac'
tcristicele
$mrticil ti
@ calititi
lElioe
cdncrtive o*i m trab si
din totii
jnportrnii
inv4imerturul
Stustictt
in
9o2tsle
nmslre
ce torte
st&lelc.
Dmi, fie cl. lcrbr de preitarca linbii Faiqne
sN de
rca a linbilor clasi.c. s.n. ln srersit, dc eea a litrhilor striinc i.
d.me oBnrtius tFble.Ezll! l, brza L'vitdF5niulul
"."';'-"
-,
+" :'u".-- In *odlr d R P n t :il
"r
'n$
r
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lu' Pujcola i
, ,.r-1. n, c--rr
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n f .dF ar
'
cd rr e p1.
v51e deioda dc
prenre 3 restei linbi c.re nc fscc posrt]ln @noqqt'rr
minun'rdor 6turi ,le culturii
ri
gtiinlci inaiitaie mvietl@, ale litera
ttr.ii clstce ruse
ii
sovietice, iNir:tnnr ms'n! p.eznrti nnltg LiFurl
n,tre .aF @, n.l insninrtn csle heglrj.rea
srrdriicii
li
"r-'
sarei
lelorrdeilor
tni Mtd, N e insjsli aNpn gr aticil. ci se!n31ici o r9r
nrnitn nebdi direcli $ crd ci se eviln netods
,,forna1tuti".
cand
{D rac clenlnl sn lnv.te
lrprgdicrD
rrrze russtl. dindu se expll.riit
I eL n d fld'c.
'
." Ll :1t r 'q
ss le noDti ir
!..bui sn umdm denllnl
-{ciilcmicl
de
$tiinle
a u R s s lntr'o Fe
cinr refti|n a scctirnii de literatui sj
linbn . Acadcnrei de
$tiitJe
'
rr.R.s.s. si a Acadcnici
itiintclor Fdag.gicd
a n s.F.s.R liruri
iJi
,i,&,^3
t,in
s,ri! ui,8n-c t'tsbr.3n ptulrp
ME !.Iin;N?'r
nrd]ffr!,!n tiJ
r
F".u srd drs. br l)crir-le u. t
oivirc
la liirsrisiict
5i
problenx pEdnrii liibilor h lurt
.4ie @i i.j dc seani liiislisti si
lcdagr
netodieicDt
.." ki H".
I.i.ui
j:
d rl n
l..r
,,.\D-r,i,
, a
r'ed:'.,
'mo
t r .r'ro , ji
.hrF.4cqnii:.rtns!6ri\ 6 ishrcrsnllini,RaEa 3e
ilbiiorir9
9
tr:ce
'0u
,ar6
j6iouldlf
tF!.c!
j
s)Lss,6dD;q6ttbr,ninzald''!dnp6!^oclld$adisle
ri,rt.sr.di.,dideat.filll! !: ii E4tr!,ls tulilfobeti.4r4disn s,t]a
rca pm1ru ri*;re Fl o litrn, fle.rc rilern oresrnn,andj+qlu$
,. i"tict! ntret
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r. J? D_ r c3. aroJe
Fsrd'@eD+
rltarrfl,'./qfrl
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F
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p-dl" ld n-tA"r r.
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LF
he ruoil /
vd.t+
rt-t-
d:larsnpdel:Let
.Jrdrk prl,
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'dr'lr''r"A
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in ce privette lorarl
rrlncip
,oasfi, o ildicietrta in predarer liml]jt rcdaft si a unbilor ppoarc
.onlocultoa*, pr.un
ii
. rimrrii tuse
si
r ljnbilor shdinc il gcncr.l
Irun., invituea voc*ul.nJrr
'u
dcs iDlrebuintlt. cni,,t.j crre alartin fodnld
lrirciFal.
l]*tjd c
csiei nr rcllels desrinsr. d4elor int
rjoare. incepitorilor, curnre car. nu re
lor
fi da .icintr folos rn srrdi
DrinciFd
dc ruvrDte daloria tnlitiilrti lul l v. sbrln rceastn defl
cicn!iiFrierili1]ibnti,Petrlltrl.e3s1!lh3vis1ii
e,sci, intab inldnd diferite neiode intre crF si !1briq'. o risti
.uvtntelor care aFrtin r.Ddubi prihcipal i lexicnlui si r cuvhrletor .elo
di inliehintd. in
rrste cuintele de 6re au nev.re
penhu exerctiire si texlere db n'nu'L
s .e
agsL:
lArrr-"
m:i
(a
. q.r.mdt,5. i,;6ia no.sua Ofos-a e
indllihette o foarte inl.rt.rtn rlnctie socieH. iceea de a da .egllile
leFile omunictii
prin sois dinte ormn| Pehtr! cx et{ dinsn s.opul
a61a de. lace @asl:L comrnicar cet n.i comdA, r,pidn, cl36
9i rrr,
.F:, redi d,ii ru
r'do
vorb?.u
A5
r!\F
!i
n, s,mttr
>or
de ih
v rt, bratl
De
prlncipii Btiom]c
ii
unitsp. cl En nu ingrdn% @d
.r
lrabu-
si fh ti.'a drbiri si nu
!'-zlnr"
fluo
lualii, si nu
lre,inte
cohtradicliij si fie c.nseventi
ii
nai dc si fi
iuiqrNorie
!e
m i.ti. Linbir n'1ihale, unlce
rfrh!
totr mabrri uns
ratiu , lFbuc sni &rspundi o oiosrafie unlcd.
dc pnnn
acm lrehne sn i se puni c.pit
lrln
oblis,ridtata
lenttu
toll
oriogr..fi. noLs1ra aF insi nevoie d a fi Eiornati, dd a fi sinpri
ricatd prin inli$Frea fllcturtiior, 3 lnbndewe.9elor drtorite ln
!ta!
.ena rdtl.llor etinolosisnul . sinFlifkara nu tlcbus insn drgeEtn,
o rdonn radica,li r orr.ersriei, caE r scnirlbr cu rotul hohcte orro.
gflfiF
"(i3r"-
d
nd
ai..r si-gr rcopu, ci ,r pro.oc,
saeuiil
.tr comu
).srrii.
roaaD F /obbuL
rir4lnllr !d ! MR, ss0,
!. I'
au 4jrra
t.
adneni sn se a.sy;naa
in sacktitti, sdfi destratte
!16Nt
ad,
din ttud nituatd, sd se tuBcd
sd arconiz9 ptoduclis
sa.and, td
sd djlngd io pr.tt.sut
pe ute n
.j
o
doDsai
'i
! tszaiflr ,ra
ldastk,e
,i
gdhdr"r
".
!n,"
djrqs
,o-
rd D_t . !a !a ..14,
de
-!h,i,ldt rnb t, u
nand cdltut tui Mrn, bnrinnarorii tui su Deglljrr rarun mr.rj3l5 .
'e. ,d-"plil Li
ro3.' lLnlia 4qa4
,o..!nu.rtul
comu. k"
a\lge
d'd
!"srA
n-r.m i."eD.;Lal^d
tu le o- rn rum r
'-Gi..4
rd,pl tor tu. Maa 1pntu,s
"i
ih,b,le,
und" p-orqo.i
l, Fdrhd. t'mb- F !tupru romqre -\cttrs:v.r
6oF.
dutrl ftui text
ti
nu d limh. iDsisi, ceea c u ri hebuit sr fie obtectul
lecli.i. I \a slarin ia o arftudine tror ita inFrdvs suDr& innrli taf}
&1 senantica in BEfiile lngrisuce. rdrn & Dosr in;t .rrce tnsfut.
tatc cercehrilor in domeniul smdtoloslei,
$j
]a
-ol
ra Du f m'str.r o o
rrn'r
*n51.+i.
4'1h,le
hdridd h.dhrmc
d. sedsn ia rpiuts i-
Luc,.t.l"_ L i/. sEjn
plivjtoa& k ringvisrcn
re 31a1i,
ri
h ucst d,neniu, drmll jut
p.
$l
din @le erp!$ pann rch sc
rtubne irdepnnir de ti,e!*r din R
la ddr'itnr *pliert no.srre.
Intaid slrcirn a liiavisll3ii Dodtre cste de a toLet lezanrl] d.
{dei d]rrt's nr racririr_^ lni I v. sl,lin deslE tinsvjsricn.
in @ret'
rile din domcniut tlnbil bnene
ti
at lmbiLr pop.rfttor
coitotuitolrq
lrecrn ti
in d.stesarea probtenctor
pe dc pracrici.
Pentru .
lutsa
x$.sc cdr Eli Ertl profit
dil acNt opeE ale Iri
i. v sirlin, pstn hnrcr to. de tinsvlii, pcntra s tu cidca in dosm&
tlm, in nrteri.lis ntsrr s.r ctrirr in ideatisn, pedm r nu intd_
prera rezels sr.li.iste deslre tihbi id Dod necanic, tipicitsc, li.srjltx
din R. P. R. i&buc si-!i insuteasct pe
deplin invitntura nadieitent.
njsii. h ciudr cforruitor sdiossa tictrtc in ae4ri dimctie mat *.
nan nulte llFsu de cohllerar.
Ei tEbne sn urm% exemprul ]nrsrtsrjt r sovtetici de , dtsdt.
po bru e nlbrisljstctdeticc
si de a flpnn
qt{cij
9j
rlt dilicii prin,
dcslrind . sle de sarcini .rb
P. R. E binc sr ni re iehi"tiD
cjJrble tolin adtvit.ter itin itlmcniul lingvistic
,
ll* rordice,
cnt
9i
i ,o drsr$umri in Patnr ioab.i
'
rd dcl, lrs.tia
{ eii u"o- :nsL:ri lurb irlornvl
re-
ts r'o' l-r is aPMn'
l,'
'^"Uc.
cufl' r"; e
,,-"'.i' *",.,**"t
-,r' Lwb' upoa''
rus
i'c'6;aa0cl
.i,n .
"
r",J .i, r,"" r.1F.
!!,.- da"t'i. iL o( m{ J ..h.h ln
.". *"r*-4, ii" xt""r.
p.p-t.i ca* o vort"rc schctrere
"tili
I oba C'i i'a |
(Li
'1"
r v s3,o. con;;Lli:'d
r
i'-pFra-Lmi
bp'
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.
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Dpo'ri\' L','lr co("ep'
'eerrm
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-
rml. 9r
g;Ln
a .ErLo.: caF o v.rb"rrd
sD
'n
plvitusP-3
p-0
ir.-"r" ai u-r,e
-"
o.".
*pit inrhenleror d-init'rre
're
dirduelor
drents ld$lisla burqhqe
ln lingvisilh noashi'
r n-"r",
-""i:
r ,o!r in
I 4ls
, i. rr
'
s' de :diF ru: M'a
." ;;:
"".,
".
4an'sur',i
Ia sen' D'EEI: aar
".-,!
,*,,;," a".,.'r; r!-bi -ncdncF
d'cae
. aind ts
"riFe4m'trnar!lr
s_nsnl'e
l b" .", ,"- o_*-.
";'i.l
Totu"' r' m'1"
'l
'"
*,i *"*u,.; h , :
q-
& r rupa ru
BFdi'
r'
uturJt J'
; ;,:'"
"
,, ,'.,
I ar-
'iv"' d' lrrndp !
'Fr
,r \eehli d_rrir'
'1Dtu
,'
'lp{\:
uI ra"o tr:i
."-a"r a" *^.,""
"t"-rt"t
stiintel
sovl.rice, ll4dtiil nostd 6t
seins dc a leF mtivitatd
gtiintittcn cu vi*F,
cu
rractt'a
cu
$oala
*a*".*",
"
i*-. i * ..*
n ca_
'c
apri:L ma
.orsewent d..dt
penn adln principirl foletic Dnpt
lirdea
e3 e
o"rir rs pr pus
dcmki R.P.R. djn Blcuettr
si Cluj u pnte' spnrct in
'rnind
Pr
tca n hric.ti ite rcn Ac.rlcni. dtc
'efncu6
da nn c'leliw spe'itl
J,.i Dr oc:Dxl de
,,,,"
"*-
..
^
s'
i
r:,",
rimbii ronanesti
jnccpnrd
din vcrcul rL XIIIJII.
prccum
ti
rl
shilrilor
dc tuFn.nasticn
In d..sebi t.poDinia
roale
lir
irdicxrii
npliotrc
istornilor itr
(rditrr
cFocelDr penrrn ca,. lipssc d!
tle r rdtrna 1,rrn,nin cel!
ti
nmdc
r. pdso'n. din torio
linul
ilc
lnrii llrecdh ri
cclc cuprr+c io docr
Iriitbrc de lirgvislici
D. xsen n.r, s
!r.r-u6
io plo cditarcx d':!e nrei.ds
itjnitlicc
Phcind dolr studiul linbii mnane
!i
aela 3l limbilor
loloar.ior
noitri ireb e si 31?c.
iici generli. si ilrtreza c! cxcntle
bitor ]rrbi1. in R. f. R *uditrl l.silor inlclrc de desroltE r linbli,
i , lirsaislicii. cill:tnzili d. iovnfituile
bi r. v sirlii
lrivit.rE
rx limbn u.neDd idrinhih devjzli x
+tini.l
ir srujL,
Il.rion'lui'
,\OTWITATIA IE TARiMUI,
$TNNTILOR
SOCIALT, IN SIUJI]A
CONSTRU]BII IJAZD] ICONOMICE A SOCI\LIS ULUI
i\ NDPUBLICA ?OPULANI RO]\IANi
cof,u:l.cAl
ooufl'A'A
tuaDErrdrtr VIH{ll, RoLLBR
In lunlna inv{atuil nt n$ hnlnistc, inbosaliti
ti
dewotatn ln
.en1le lnuiri ,le lnr L v. st.lin, d6batcn
P!o8"*!l
de rodvitut
d Acadeniei R. P. R. p. snur 1951.'
-a.c6t !rcerd,
rtat prin FD-tintrtul lui, ito.it dr
Fmblenele
.i
di@1e ite bnstruirer sclalisllui in R. P R, cat
9i
n.i tlcs,
lrin
E
a pdrrmebi en nJrie, B .on8titut peritu desv.l
lsE gtiinld noastre o cotjtui inl.rtlnia
I'gind tot Dtl mdt
$ilnF
dc u*Jn, omenii de
ttlinli
iti li!
gsc
srera da slEfl're. crqle odn,
FrobFoerr
th sd:- R.dl'
i,,"1" *""r"* c" rh.mb k v,.o- fl ir noile J.mui c" F
o.*h:d
vid'l
'a
.olsdjNa
^a
tlulql Du-r-"Nar N.ag{ f] Ion_
.+4
.jm.r to- de 3p. pe1.n
d4'I'6r!
!rir.
'n
dsa cr
q!
r.dlli
zare. ! acj d nn de hmtae de plEent, aeg$da1c
ti
slerlc ln cE !d
noil dlturi $cialiete cale * lilpinitettc iot net Isls in
lopor,
etc
h ce*etrea
gtiiniillci 6e desrdiurn ln r@Ntle no$tre doui
p!oe@ dt3sorGle De o paltg
ttrirlr
in plint ile*oltue,
in fnntea d'
reil s
siietle
qtltalt @ueticd,
llsn
ln sluitt pEcli
9i lrosftsllu.
De
cesrslti parte, qtit4. dt!
ttiil
dpjt lhte ln prhi criri, sic in cer nsl
m e parte lti
$ette
vloriticatst dacn tuj6re norF, distrusedl
Suint,
trin E. !. R., {.t nai laln dc
'lerF
slujesie
lolotulnt,
piol
sci;riddul, l. @ast3
si6ln
*p1i6!i3 aviitltui pc de l! luai in
EelDd de ilalfrtl
lop.ldi
.erce|3*! rtllnfirti
ti. tit,i,:rr
dnar6 rrnrl
1 n ltr .r,\ t.,t )t!1,N \1.
.
'
I
t
,t
.rrea ntr(nrrtn /irir/,rd!,.' to.intt t tsr,.ilrri.
"
ti". ;;i
j;
i
iji. i hnrqherl ri s.
jr
rr ni.r*."., ri,r"j",tjr *;",
"
sen,i rnr,.iulli
int.r!i,,ra!
sFrlf ]i. A{t ri:t.i)n.d,t
NtL,;zbt,nn,e.t
;tuiLr in!d;dis,,;n"j
s'srjn r,rr dc rcr d. t;.ji
idrlrrj r,:r1m
I
.iur, si d.rcddsci dd.irrr; r.liinurri irjrjrxrisr
i,r p.ciririe
niir
rd s.himrri .ir^c
at lcorrt
iidrllirjrii
x.isr.j hc,njt 1!!l uni"
ii dmjjc
trlr
rrtc
, r,.:r
i',r.rnin rr i,r
. . 1'
- -
...-,'.'J'.','',"-l
' 'id
'
t.rl'e, r.ui rlrdii rt: pi.:.ft ir lrorti iinn r.r
rsLje
Drnnrd
nlola
l'x'ld dtr,!,'.
!,_ r
jij.
rrica 3i ,i,si., crr.Iunnri majorftat a
rloluLrltei
di! tum.,
.L
.r. r.:![ nn,.srd /l,riinr . sordr rcuetuj
.
lr:lL
rr!$
nonili:Lir.rrc rrdlue nLsi sr li. o
laie
trDeri lrl lP{\
, iNircind rc ,rbricii. J r!s,fii. sociolocii ror s,' er:r.r.z,i in corcrd
, lbrtir.
(ertri
Fri ltri sr Ljrljnnlrfr frh,i do
ftiro rcu! trriruri tl .\n'cricn
{i
iitjiuhrii
i tsir IDI Lir, rr]i L_(in
|rr.hrz;
rtribrtirl. sr,jlr'rt rnodiar
.li r'liate
or i', 1i! d rsn,,i st.t sn * ga*.asri
,,0
r.re sar n,
rr?r' srriji,it
l.
0 ..rii e,rdrciLio.r. err rlr,criDtn iisnrcrii.
.
dupi .ur.|
-
Nridc
ullsc cni
l].,*io
,l'rn!ric.i!.i tili nr
Daft.
rltiraL deekln ct )f,d3i
,ii;n n'dqrli"c!s.! r.lul d..lr'dnccre. d41.r.c nunri
el..rri isigdr
',
p.riotrd3 c..te!rr.r.ri
,t.t
,rti bnnn .qdt..?
!.nirt
anyi ier
rr.j.d ltir,r
coDs.',uiia
idr. lraarrr,i.r. srMir!.) nc srhi iiiirisrt. h
i,'dnnc. i a.rnrn d^ toni rrlti ,ntii ij iilrb cu E n.dlvot!
Ptli:rt rti .:i$ritul.i xdtL;lk.
nl nrlrM si nedPpllilird
in arihi cni tiud..lf rn,rrr
rr.trrie R' R Huidhi,,s N inkicm
re.idedogii
FrcrN&ii rneri.sDi. drcri
riit rtrlui oncni'ii * niin.tte rtrdri
,rirr.
r,.or)n)t.
sc slaii.i r.z1 ci pcilh 1 an'rsd h fcricirr. d.n'it
!tet. esro rec.dfi tndna d! romrica
rrslalui noidnl. llni.ira r ntnit.tc din
loprlaii.
eril*.ani Cr so
,r,l d-- r:,i .E strDr.rrofitnri, isr.rl.litiii cunivn asrsnDlut tu nissa.
.irnird.jrr. .i sinrld r dri inn.iiti din
lopulalir
ra&p..''n
rc\1ru
inr.ni c..lilti iuritil.'a noFur4i.j B rrlne F-
,fr
ir cord.. sm .rnduc.iea lui Mac \rthnr covedesi ci i'\rcrirljrtli
,.r.1 ,1u :
'n
l\rJr xuLr't @dlcari, v. I{csslcr, dc
lildn,
er sn nn F a9tepl
rdzrFirl crld pcnre r rerliza on*ra de djsingeE El susline ci iicn dl
Fri.Dis de azi a riizb.inlnj Ece trebue itisttusi
Drin
fomete o pd
irr
o",t"urr,
mr; Nr trTbn uirate resib hl rltlinus, arirni s{t
\
ci,c\
,de
du
st.ulate
tn
lnlitico
td'bainlui re.a"
Astlel ca n si
jNtifice din
llnct
de vcdere leoreiic $ciolosil I
l)erlrl4ri
asasinrtcle
ti
djbeh imlotrn. lnrnltilii.
Ae x.. . Fs da o.qortu1"r" !
'deologi"l
inoe"lv"
-'n$l
p&lovndrcsc h randnl lor
.,Sto1!,
fotdkr"
in de! Bllthie. Majotbtes iilcolosilor burslezi dln inglia sug
Unii cruti si rpere
ldrtea
.e sar cweni inpdiallsnutul
d. r c.,l,c*a slrNlri rurd:d si
,l.h.n d" l s A \'l l n'd
""
ddd; o
racti ri tmpei.n rnhi 3ndi6n.
F#cGtul ensLz W Lesls ,
!!}liBt
o la}ats intltultti lhqi
ei
dlL! rml. rr rer!r'.
!r-
U s c
'sl_ta
to\.i,.din"i
qtqroi
,'ztr ..orul/i las4ir".henrrJ
sr s'ipsnea
Pe tu r
irstiliB
pnnc&r AnBliei la reDolcr
rnlerblisfrulni !
o*lcz, l.tristul M Ma.'k.v slsline ci A
tl:3 nu i""bd" s,
Dk Yd{a
4'rnnr
-
s s\i
; h-i
'aadd
a ino1ndaat,n!" i"'a rar' oh a uote
In Franta. smioloqii b rsnczi decblena! & de acord cu
,,stoitr'
m
dtdr" rtr
!tupm
cr ln fnnla a9. zisei nol .rdina st *
gircscn I
Se
qi*sc
iisi ir u S I, ffara Britanie ftanta, etc' si nari gi
d.tor, m^nl d. stii' 6
^-'
:"e' Joro
'ud
Mf cosynq B.insl Dulr.ls,
et. Acelnl
lnst sliein
9i
h!|n inprd
ni fac pnle dln lrgntul pncii si denocrrliei cfle
n $r U,Ra.s. .i la csr.
-
o splncr m nandile
-
ailue
'
conirl
htrti .dvn Rcpublica Polnlad Roninl
In Irqirnl
]]icii ii
d $ciallsaulni, in lhnta c6nb sc
siso'
It R.s S.. ideil in.inlate siuti
FDorele
sn cunodcn x.levtuor. cmtu6!
rolorrcle
in lutta ce o duc pen]fu a c!@ri viert.,
lcntru
a al&3 p@t
SfihFre
scciale oc!!n D lft de se'nl ln u R s.s
$tnnierc
so'idi
sovicticc co lnbe.g'
ntiinli
din uniunB soltettcn s brzeMn
invni:jtua h"nisrlcnliistn,
nagishrl derinili in ulrjnele lu.rirl 3l
,,var-sn/r
6ie
--
duln definrlu d.ti dc I v strlir
rqiti ttr desldta s ndt Ai
ti
sacier&i,
$tntto
tcnt/lki
rn
.itc i
eapt otne,
$iiatu
6.taiei
sotidisnxlri in tadte
Frr&, {ikla
n,,rrr ii s.cid ii .anunlste
')
nvhdDs re acmri itrln61urt, tk'li
sociolosici
sovictici I
i,hn *i d.vjni er mai inairis$ dir rumc
$tiinJcle
eci'lc din Untune!
i.'i.!cn hDti In nod lciiv
pentru liberlatca
popoirel5i pcnsu procrcs
"r
p"*. nr': a..^"e rrhitale. ei
cor.epJis
anti@ani a stii"elor so
.,,.r-",..t
-rl)S.
lri v.l,PPa
l3d l'"' !-_
r'o
,i,,""'..."^'
_e\
1c !rLp'.o"r
I m\g'r'r
"'-kd'3
iFhxnenti 3 nivelnlui lcr dltDml.
'
it"'."-.rr.a;unss
')d
iiuzFde
!rr-
rlelrrL''i
si,r :
"
r".
"-
Brrs c
oi
'
qr:r
rrui so
,
",:.
r,--*- **s, .-.
"xft-"n:t
ri
d"qJ e l rn{ods
lu.
o.tri ;mdctu! lnainlat rr s1lldri sotietic
p'rioritrt$
o$nilnrii s'-
oviclic n culturii sovleiic lali da &le
*,,-"".
jr."
*"t.1." ods" l
'lu1ba
pop r'
rs'
l""tG 11 nod
",rt
r"
"
*-
""i".
r"
-"
otr si lc
'^
i^ r"'ts o' \
"ir'
bociri
:
i ; d" \'^os,e,
i{p,r'o, "o.i4i+.
ni s.
4i do",i n" a
mL,:
,,-.,
"ni
*"r:!,*"
31" D un'_ lr s n
-r-;
tii"-r"r .-ir." $ei ale Id ,n. Engels Lenin sralln care
1lrlng
jn
innl Lr suic de nilioane de oaneni ti Nucil did to'te lirjlc
;omh'r m dtu-Lr d
r!:! r i1l_h
"i
d' u d
's
qo
dh6
,"
-.,"
",
"na,.
, .1,-.oe"tu:3.porDdr'mun'b''L'rl'
ri o io*i nuk,rhr in luol)
,
--.i,' )a
,t^^r,r*"1",.
lrL)i!
tdaLlsr!("lor
.cirre o trk1i :r
sd
noslcnrE
e-a."r.
"i
*"si""r-*
sulmsltu"tura
si sjde
drvba;d4oioDicia.rindutrii
odstii dc elo De &es ch stinrlin nu
rLrj aftis cor..nt!i mtiticc,
jnridicc,
nl.s.ilcc
crrc slrieau
iiiercslor lor
,r" cra"i'. E.r.h"'i; !i
J isci etamjtrtcr roqinlli lor de ciplEtare ln est sop pr'nDva!
concepliile netarizice, care nru trandornrne revoLulionsre in scic-
1lte. Unll din ldeobsn bnrcn ziei si hogierjnii mnare sustiner ci do-
hlia nu inprica dccet o radrtie a
lreosupirilor ri
cn nr e mde ni-
cairi D procres dc.llunclt vrdu lofll.
r.ntu a ntr
9&rezi
poztine h
looea
snndirit
filosofice Drteriarjsb i oaneDilor de
triir{i
dln
lara
nos
bn. ra lalsiricrt lslorla
l)xl]ieij
s 3 rnpied4rr orics tupri ds pire
,
@
seFul de a inlicd.cr
stuirea
3i prcno*re, d?.;,?rd .*ir,iilr.. Fno
$fii bursheziei an nrcor.t sn,risdediteze
rflint!.
Ei slincau cn
,,rriinid
t.
I
q..
u,i.:
gandit r
,,n,
ntuar.e,i.tzn sr4jin In slqt.;iite
rriktein\.
Acejti, r! .lidit ieorij
ddL.rc @.i ,rvine, de . sruji lie9ii si rcricirii os n t
.,o raotu sri4ilic,i .-
spuc.
,,riLsorur'
brsheziej
ei
nofie nil,
Peirrvici .sr, fl dfai )ndi satisfd(itodft ar cnr d4\artcte uhin sxnr
"ti
qnrid. t1e ncmt
"i.
nosie nii, stctilire din n,"Fenr.i ri inpc
sr'er, pr.noveaTi
citul RniL cionn, fleit db
larn
cu rsturjtc mrt r.r rriucftt, .l
.0,,!ner. In kNri lncrar. ncteth'it r @"tisc n
un
Fapot
tstu sinqtnd sdln ot
r,rczenki
si tritatitritii lri crre
lie
n1.n
n4:., o
t"i,r"i
a. otid, p,
"t-t.j
N esle arct sdli i oqine:i 1n.,henhtl cinn .dtuenii se &r .tatui &n
te
allii &n dell1st.le .i taAiti. o natin. care n" tiai sitgre e:tc in
.
...n tu." :-.1-.,....
uhnec decal si silul.scn
ri
si lcida, nr suni in *!re sn tuncerpi
iragost pen1tu viclli a
loFrrului
nnncit r ore r6n in Fsind de
cfnocrrtie pDpuhrii sub ondu.dc! cl.*i nnncilooe, a nrepui sn $a
pencasci si lanurilc de
s1Au.
si tr'aotcircle e
j
rrrizdeazi oaotl.
9i !e-
tr.clul ce i niule 3w1jr. si srrt* e i aiture hniDa
+ihtrci.
ID .rdhl launiibr ac1ei Sasin an lost tratatc
rinsaEticn, de filosfie, de ritera
lra
problenelor
ca.e
lnvesc atiinF
istorisi,
ts' p! ririr'l
,,
"-'i",.-,r*
r.r."ri"*
'4i?daicit
'
ri'ac|
'6i4
-sptr"d
,,,,;;*;;;;.
1
'';
an nou dor kut
lnaral;.\ rdaon: t'd
'"
n"tu
E
:;-,:"
";;,;."
ia{."tiu? sac",t2
kt?,t^. n \tineb
adei\nb
'.'-.*,*""1n,'l*1.a..t"
,*'.i
;
oi
"
-r",,
'n,
. ;:;i
;.
;'
- d" .."i-
."
o"'ar n { dr Arb
,:^';,';; ;""..'
$ms1"! eld"
'i':trr'
, %kr
i iJ- F
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u" .", r' .' r".
p-'
-
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i'
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'phn
o' d
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a,:"r!L
l"
sdo.'h
d
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ir
';'"
c(
;..,;;".^"",;
li.*.li c..art-.r;
r',"'* a" a.-.ts.tr
s'cie!:Jii onene'ri
d'
r'
,,.,'i:"',
"-e.*:
"r
** t'"rrne in
lrimnr
rnm
, ri..n! e 1ofi,r noqliirie
;"."..t,"..*,-.-"."
'
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ornor'de
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airr'rj"
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hnti
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^itnl'a
non^ a
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,,:;;,-u;.;,*.,,
';;".r;;:-:;
'
i
'B
o'a d ro' fr cu
^n'
necirertmjisLi]dpriip.?esIende.slr'
Lncrifile dc Isiorie . Ronaniei an losl sirace iir sltdii cu pri
r rt 13 frnnantiirilc
ti
ruplele tiu* de Ddsele
pop d' dare
'u
irtit
.
. ,i;i
r r" r!,r rq s-or
'd o r"
^-\"La
n oc ru D d
,'.."--..n"rti a"
"r. "e* "ctrp
idtflicii burgne' an lis"l in rnod
'iit
nr inlanerec m nil4i! itin isioii' Roianici' nmd
lanlr
"
nr
n.itn tulul rosselor
Polrdm
i
c\n& o bo$tn biblj.r.afie sF se @!d ile.descir'lcttorl"
adicn de
,rL. renite djiar i,.Tc fl iitmjtt
Tndls
rininc
FNOBL'MOI,E
SEINTErcN SOCJ
,
Isio cii turghezi
sies!
i,r rr.curul dc vea.uri ,l Eon liei nu.
msl
.,Ctitof{.,
_,canteit,
,,Mondthil.,
er4.
m penhu isloicn burghezi iigiht.
et nnni nuhir de aonnr
_si
dohni;o.i. chta. in sftrstn insnant di
talsiricrit adcvirara persortirard
s uor
wevozi ,n nerire in isroli.
ftnt ae d ratlt tao|i. ot
.
.dvt.ilt
,
sub pretex! en islorla rrebuc st se ocupc nunai de trecutnl indn
p!r.tar, isrori.ii
blrEhezi, care rn ltsat
to e leche si nedie . Ronarbi. nu b
noderni si sn nestijat intr'o
ti
nai nare
nultc gol! t in ldorrite
de i!.
srudhr apfoape de toc istod.
mtulri
!e
cea contenlrorsnl
Iri.rlcil burglezl cosnopol4i acordru intiietate studinui isrorrer
El foiau 3n sEb.ssr sntlhe.rnl
de dras.st fatr dc
lrh,ie
ptr
irtr @ imFerjatjrtit
dericail
Ft
cns-tazj ei nc Ndreaki n.i uro;
,t
si .a pcxt! m.l Er'i^: ndAo.-as r! 01
,
E
F
src o 3v"n &r.
Ii rn-l 947..lnd ioDAr.alsmJt rmaria. oe(tar$q,sre,, r,boiD.c6,
r'nhjand
cu ronba atonrci, &efiomar
,t
pJrns
tianu cae vsite rstolia Rmnhiej nunri h tnnin, tnrcresetor lmldiatis,
hului rritrerki s.u aneric'h, r s4lnu1 h@sitor4 ,c@ntlnrii srudil..
cu
lrivire
h islorla universaiipe
noitnl.no @rntdesele,ef; d.ori.e".
,[c*st $L cxtti.atir psrru .ar ldloricti
blrp.hezi n,au uat sn *di
rolul
nrselor polnla&,
irsmnntab. .o.ailinnitor rntehc, ln desvo)
rrrea rsroici r Ronantct.
Llpla dusi de
n.por imlolrivr 4loa1irn,
,'rtid de .rdsd ca fo4i
inoiricc a dsvottirir $cicrilji hrz'in pe cr$c Dtagonhie r fost @ in.
dirilnicie ,egali de rstoricii bnrghezi. Dupn t$oricil ,usnezl io
Tnr
.
RomAne plit rn secolul ct xtrT.les, Js bnir rn deplint rhonie int! uD
.."aia pa\iLtat toa\tot dt n^\n4'
1..
t
!|cp.n'%td
t.
t se asdndi cn vidla
l.:Lrinimii
nE
oa chjsr arit de idiriei, 60 afirnr c;l
liBnulj
tucurcs st sdpe d.
.islnl]ddra sBciaE
,se
ttul ingsvn.r.iot. i^tdnluit,
injulat,
;ortind...
a rutdtiu e a< uttdtd,r.
Din vorunur de &mto.n1e snai snb 1ira.
(wacd
xvII B.
Tfi
R.netrd.ci vl*ir 1601-1610) cilim de pildn unttornr st rg
lin docld.ntd Nr. 3t djn ? Ianua c 1603
,...Iu
rpoi, cdbd a fGt tu,
in zil.lc d.nii.i nelc. vltli56ti. ..au ridicat pAli
tl
atr in
?irit
rei n.i sus supnji orneDi l.s
liatlut ei tle bmd taia t f, ei s lt 6dnt\!t
Se fxhifjcr adevntul de D. cintcnr, ca
"a+t .itr r.st siliii, .. rtit?nLdtata ri
!rtn.6cd
j/r9ul
stundi",
ti
cn boie-
icic a n.nLintrt
,,aad
uorstuoziirle sd
ciau cn o laii itftati 3n tohc.^..i lL .tea cnlnd partiiai', s4L M
s: suporte explort'&r cl'erlor 8td.
J'nrito$e.
i!.oricji ln.ghszi 3d iscus sxu fslsific'i Detumi*fele lrpt.
.rojc. rl.
tirnDinir.
ntucoala dda BobalLl. c.le cin(ttrse de DoF, de
tlo r. c1c. csrc dovcd.sc ci
inrinid4
iob*i! d mi13i ci ru e injrst
.lc buoiroie drr lurir
ri
*
l:e.Lr8
c! oR,ish pcnlm a scipa de ci!to..
rolioa$ alc Isto.iei Rona,iei dta lal
-iridie sau rDit :scun*
!.ponldi
Desrcltarca cqinrlism'lui ddvolta&a cldei
niscrrii nucilorelti
::br implniqa cxploatirii !r. be.pii sllldioui
ro(rd r isculd. !e!t ,d:v:ir isto cii lrnuhczi olreon de obi@i8
slorir nrdirici ]3 a dou!
jml
'drinetrtlor
dh lnin'ul lcac,n,mai cAlc
lxgirc.
atni cdl lc ds ne
fts.r
1fl,!n
r vDrr,i d. rcgii
ri
lru.iirli ,urghez.i
ti
nosierihii, lare
:i eddc Irto a1d4i,r ntilor lutt. nurcit3r6Li si
rdrnncgti.
13sa
ti
1907. 1ir ruric i$:r{j
ij
rdi nli 1920
ri
.erditiiror si
lidrorirtilor
din 1933, ctc., curni ale
nlo oi modernc
ti
mrtenl.mo r Rometrici. an lost cu ilcsivaribe
.
'rg!,o
oo,'cRJs.a in
rare un grup dc expldt3bn siilencau
ri
exploabu nalnrit'iea po
rt
j',
lucrnrib loi Irtii poporuln| !di.n
rdcvi'rtul orflrut al lstoriei.
Ver.uri de a randul a dulerjt
!.poEl
ronia
jugul
olonu,
r calrt.luhi germrn, cnglez, arndican,
Ddel]odsJi.
!.,rllt
'rbolrrc
u
sripne pe }iar!. r.ni,nicn a
F.ii.
trGruile inreridisre rtr im
li.nale ri
ru tlei.minat
Folitia
.e avcr
r. dncn resinul burshezo nosieft* scuturnnd
jugtrl otonn. RoDnnis
a eial sub un
j
g no!, xr frarelui caprtll rnin, r
dstuiloljn*rirli9tsib4slo|nat'nr
irun
lost
i inbt .l conim&yohliel alglo.sdaican.. nrtr. uneaui r
tryerjalimrulul hitlcr^1 carc a ata.rt niSerc9t u.R.s.s.
rstodcii lu'Errzr au farsjficar .factcrur adcvimr ar
jusnrui
or.nri
..i
rr$nrursic si i,, nod voii rn sorDs
lroriird
di i i.tu nrtioi.La 3
r,uisrrezrei
$
norjcrimii sj
jrrur
conjs ir
pifrinir
de rrsh e inp$i!
dqrRdcnti si lib. r10 nxlionarii
B.s5ltil. rtiror dr dLr coBh i!
o'&stclolatijmiLsjmnL]r
.Fccc t,r r3?r .t
In iot 3.cst tinr d.lnurit
$i
aesic prsine arc isbri.i
d. i8lori.ii narsh.zi Nmai ir
Jutdl ok,nar
t!
hiiblburic
nenc, nd,tiinnJu b inro srrc
trntliti.
(tL
hQfi e,nid a
wp
nni turit
R.'rnDiei rn aost frlsirisr. si
rPrrrrs
rtr irriececd d.srolirrca anrjror no
d.i.il!ieie.eDo]rici.tjinrsi'
I
i
'?utd
0 rj'torur
loronlui
r
o"' a,r-:a*t^ ;'d"p*d",r
-i-*re
".l',"--r
.. . ;"i,.,r;L
"l
.,r,,
crpiirlrl
'trslez.
aD,ericxr.
s.rD
r4nne3 dc i,:lnndr,! .coD,nri sr
lrririci
a tunniiri
r,r io{uur l 3g&hrhi
ziarist burgl'e. dern,.a xsLll li
r.l'i.n,"l,,. ,4r. n, of,tr.i !,,
,fra
sntr tr
ri Iiti
rtai rititt
"tnt(
|
t.rin iL
),
t)!L!ot dti sktrnh n
tL
aitnnt't tt' rrnnntt,
ronrr
ar
!.r!i:r1-
d desnl:il|\.'! i]ln :rfu l|nrfu,
)
l,i,.ire tc
itrdtr*ia. ni,ILr
!.trld,
cr:1.
de transpot. ldcrlele {1i,, nural
ilr rrhlan i' Rom:ii'tr 1$
mrr,rtr'
dcri cam slila'oesu
!,1iuctci
d!
rt,n
Dni i.cned
nnnri I nntlrir.leri .rl! r .tPiirl rodinesc.
mliIolanlun]ii37.'dnrllodu4ia|hli]lE1F1trlu
lsiroliJo.
di
lllr
tror*I.
ti
R.ysl Du1.l, adui brntrriLo
rnrdrui
ririntilic
rupla poloruhi inl,otriva
juEnrui
bursrrezi an ascuns sdevilruL asulrr ajurortrlui
!.
care ii I.a dr! msile
{m. si
Lrba jugxrui
oronui si sn dir.r inde!.nde'Fi.
lrmcncr
(;edn,J:
Dimndui rd hoc al varrhjei nnr l NGnvrie 135?) cr
hpta Evorulonarn a-!.Fonrui co usi dc ftd.r
libertdsr $cialt si
4io'{lt
sifie stearsn di" docdmentele vEmll,lijnd
u ercnir t jn.,4ilr-
r,tu s in0iau b.ierii o, clvmelc rdi Tud.r ci
,.poit.
? ,odd.
^
4u rdqnlt
j{fdtanL'"
.
Istdiciinnrghczj
uttorr/i r.r,rdor ds.rtalj' cun il ntr
Deti. M"E pe Tudor din vladimii.
renjmorrdc rnurui DvorutnDr 1343
1u rscuns hnd$ea burshe2iei ca'! . cnhat proclrfraii, dch lslrz 3
riuht sn d6 uitn'ii
Eandifta
rtvorutionart a prtriotrlui N. E l&scu
u hhiricri lupia
r)oloraluj
slatului n.liona1. Ei r
ihDs leeirurile dc priei.ric cc Jatr lncl,.
:.t
d. r lunstrl \a&nrilor intr
popon'l ronnn si poponn tus op.elc r!a* rlc cidur.ril(tr r,
ii!rrtioirr drte !irrJji.
rnoticii bufeh.zi ar n !c,ni1 ionu.i ii 6rc rNsrt\a! drGtir pru
cn$mi ucnclric in fruir.a .irii.
drtr nici,l
rucrarc n, c^r sri ri .rrr.t $.isi lstallui ronin ata! I do dtsrut
rus iD ltrttela d.l! Pl.vnr si d.r' crivita. pnh.tr cne.ir* irdep.nd-4r1.i
Pentru isloriosrafia burglezn .u 3 dlstat erolslt
sornistrld
Fur nt crE sunr arad pe s!4d Fdtrtei Griitci, deti ii cursea s6.cele
girln
!e
lrunt . Ea ru a redf ln htorir
Fr{i
o,n
,,pe
fu'p4aie ta h4!
iinea
sdtxlua
pe
un Ndhp h&Lt ttc ti'cat, ia
tut!:ttnt
rnui
lac
ae @tn
66 itnr'b .ttrp de
lnnri",
s t ziril
Fenttu
llrina data chipul nscal s
oehi scnntcictorl ir
sornisturui
del2 1s?7,
$t
fan Fur'tunn, cazt1 bnsnil
griD n
pe*e cclclallc bupai rott
s.liic
.le tnrrniror li$ulatl in
Eroic!
lurtn s clas.i muncjtorrc cDndusi dc rrrtidtrl ConuDist in
porriu eru.rriirii rn,xrezo-m.ri:{ri| ponr ribelide
_si
indcpord.4n
rx(ioraE,
pcDtru
rrjctenic ti
rtirara Nohlirn"rli a uR.ss., erc.,
r,!gi',e
cl.rj.$c din is1lrir c.nt np.rDn
sub tncde. In nisur. in c.r. istorisii
hlcne.. ine& numli pentm afrlsiri.a rdovitul isbric, p:niru a ascunde
roporurui
istori! de el liurlti.
exisbr n\ istoriosrafia
liirii
Do
torl.i ce 3u lnpht contra cclor .c sl
ieau
3sllritoilor
5i
:rploablo
lor rlnlti o.nicari 3u lllntat
Frin
soisul lor
]renlh
indepcndcnta
9i
Dirca
Tirtlcr
R@iine, Cintcmir. Kosilni&ttu
ti
nai rlcs inllacintul
latrid
N. Bilc.scu lup1:n
lcnin
.awr mlionaln a Roninici Oddi
.dudli de elxs nuncitoa.c, d. Prrtldul cinrnist diD Romenh, ru in-
t3.nit in
srelelc
tinpuri ale rqlnnlui burshezo nosicitsc
lashe !n.
1' . 5. d, o"3o - pd
i,d
Pt
c?rc slnie^n ludei
ei
csnTri cl.s.i nu(citoare, rtrltci
si indcpndenl. nilionali a Rananier.
Burshczjr :l n si?ri1n.r au imltccdar * *easln Lii.rrturi si tie
rdnsn h cuncsiinF larsdui
lnnllc.
gttinlei istorj.e di. Lom lorslrn, dtrp! 2:l Anslsi 1941
In norn dtun pe cxre an
Fornlij
t 1rebdt licepuli mun.a dc strii
ri
d. vabriljeaE critcn a hqirilor prosresist ain
t&cut. ]n ncd deo*hit, a rpirut drrn necesilrtea tns4irii narilot cu
.eri rle stiinlei &ietice
$i
fundahentarea iniegei n.81rc acrivititi
!e
singlm conccliie
tiiinfificii
justi,
con.cplir hrGrialismulnl dinhdie
9r
hridi.nsrrrul lst ic fl ritii dc
sentatl
orifei ,
tiilnlei,
Ma*_
(I]NEMLE
sTINTIFICE
^
ACd'
Penlru a dcsvolta
9i
stihda eretarea lloEttci, sc ccF ,n pind
nd lnsujird haris lcninisnuhi ?utine tlin olcttlc lui llrxi Dn'
sols,
I?ninj stllin rau tbdns ni Inbt lonann. Iar ele hadDsc r n
inpicdecrb in lcsiDd bnrsbez
Farljdul clnunist din It naiir
-
care s:abit rc;tc e$rd ll0 d.
:i dela inriintri$ sa a dus luptn
sta ti
pht de
jc,".Ie, penhu a
trur.o ti!r!
ls irdeni'. omrcnildr nucii, in .n de iLBdibte, ncDlri
in lenntismulul. Insisi ftlLla pcDhu rnc
fLrdirca
in
lrB
noxshn a
eiitu
odrti cu cliberriea Ronn ci de sub
jusxl
itscis! da cftre
slorioss3
,\nna1n sovierici, si .u dobaDdirer
pukrii
Poltie
in stdt dc cni& chsa
rntrDcitc'&, Parlidul conunist Ronii r rrilirr rcliuner de
jEhosdlte
I riteraturii ronine cu opercle
gonisle alc cltsicilor narxim_lenlnisEdli
Au fDs!
llbliut
in niliosne de excmphe lnoirile lui Mr*.E4cls
A f.sl. dc aseneuci, inl]o:ti;lli ri4ratura dil
ratr
noastri 3u bogr
llre a@rii arc
riiintei
Fvietice, crE . 3tins cuhi nebiinub pani
'zi-
Iptjcai$ .reat ,rc a invntihrii nanisLletrinisL la rearitntire din
Lxm
nosiri de cnhe fnnistii P.rlidului
to'uttii cl Gheoighiu rbj.
ID. Prukd, V$ile Lucr, Teohari Cdrscscu si arlii auaritalinnd
.on.rei
!.Fonnui
nnncito. sfcinile
qi perspectivele e !tr! ln rrF
iilrclei ieti
Polilice,
iinlrice. litera.e
tt
artistie drn
!1ra
.o$tri
Prrtitul
a oryrniz.t
$corrx
tulerio.ri dc siiinlc s.ci.le A A J'l'-
trov, Uriversilal..
;tef3n
che.rqhju, Univesititile sc.ile dc mlrisn
itc Stritii nomano Sovietic, cic Din inilialivr rar
A.tdenis
9i
Ja rncdt Fforna revohli.n'd a
tinitimintultri
puhlic
S3 intr'odas ii invnlinentnl srPerior. sludirl
s dui dlatectic
tl
naterklisndnl isroric
noi cttedrele de
-slilntc
aocirle: rilosfle, econoDis
tncul
pobibil cr nrvilitnrt nrnistlcninlsii
3i
dcvinn 1ot n3i studirli
5l
insugili
9i
rslfel 6n se dez haza ideologlci
nrc descbide
ldspciive
nellnitate ttrturor rahurnot stiinlci. Au ro*
n,riintale rnsrilrrcb dc Is]|fie
9i
Filosdie, dc Lingvisticn, de I8Lr,e Llte
rri. rle Ac.ileniei R P. R., cre rn
!r..Aul
degfisu.i
lilte
lupti penlru insusirca
ti
tprorund.rca .on@ptiei marls!.nlntEtc
fe cristslizeizi pc lirtnul
tiiinter,i
isroricc
r rwl dreDt rcznltat. estructnrat tobln I problcnclor de studln
rntiL a n.f,rijr srudiu' ctorici ar
pieo.{po.a
eAtrald de Mi a sdqlci tre
jltorio
rslorle 3te A.ldenici R.p.R. din Eutuqri, r4i,
,,
,44
t4.1t o
.ir:
oti
-"in\!i"" ],s,ilid", N;-
t
ta.i
rititrd
o Ro.
'tj i;. D ,hu licnd. s t.t1"nat1,i notian'tl
in spil|illt pdhi.nismltui sa.ialist si ar ab.
cx\riali di sacierdtii sacidtistc din E.
p.
tt.
sau fncd do'hn p"ftD.i,sastn
orle ak nouti si fje apljc*I
riL ceretiirirc ..re sc .testnsurn
rr.
firanul srijiletor isr.r.ie s.clb
9l
Irsi. cruj, ,n .rgani'at o rarg; cam!.dc dc sa ituii arhe.tosi.e
jn
rnul
1919
ti
nr rnnl 1950. cu s6pnt de a tdnui desrc1id6 socielntjj oDcn*ri
F
"r.loi. l,d
rul1950 sau fncut snpttri. so njc si recunorslcri ..h.or.sjce. in 31
dc rocrlii'li.
^!a
shdirr d.svJttrrea s.cietitii:
hritrte de ocupard r.nrin (Piahr
rbsi crddirtcr Muncelutni er.):
b) p rerftorrnt dc azi rl R (vrrca
Jttet. Hi.
Iissl| etc.) :
t
pD rcrft.riui dc si al R
p.
R.. dch retRger$ ,rrd_
rixrn
(2?3?)
linr
la c'ishtiz ca stitet r feld.lc
(sc.
l.In:{T.q).
,\a
larti.lnat
tn snpfturila artrmlosjce f.ii stei.listii din
lrtu
ro3d
hn, la care s atr rrntud zei de stdenli
del. Fratt*ik de ist rie. M,.
ldirlcre dcsmDerib cu
lnlcjd
ac*ior cdFnii Thsrosi@
])or
ri liizule
h
larr
ra extioziti. dtrcot gicn.
Nu 3',3! tDs in.n toor. oncluziilc e dcury din r*ie
qnrjanii
de
rgezinbr onenesli tinp d!
F.sr
nh nits.
rierhi. cn h criidisr"e ]rnncc
D.rit
insoiFlii crrc ridicii pr.blcfrr fot.sirji scrisutui de eitro Do.i: cn
sipliiDilc dera Djnogcti. (crlali)
no desv !a
'
nrrc l5e2do slrvn djn
serrd st x.ler. hD.i acede putin .xemtie dovcdcsc in e nnsuli,ou&
doo!toenlare in.cDe sn imnosntdscn titerltura .oesr.i sj va tee po
.\rE l: i.drs'
IicJ,.6roi,
R'qin'":o.
-,tc
w"-u.
$lijnF
jsloricn
dli
Fra
noat!! a inregisrnt succese sj p raremul
nudidii is,..riei hedii a Ronanici. sjr tucrri la iniocnirc! uno. tnddrl
uricaliut, sruiii
d oinc d@rnenlrr* exhrenE s a ire
rni u.sniirca
unor lucliri cu
r$,tc
la luptr
lopondui
Fnai inpoirivr
penha ndcperdenli.
r,,.1r" .
pub.i iu .rP'4'r^r'4,'.d.omdi' mp'
r
4: Frnttu
rmlianc!
ti
int..pr.tar., rcerintei
In inio@jrea erpnsuhi
'le
docnncnte lucrevn nn nu de 57
oit ri
rtiinlirti
pchatrenli s,i rcrcrcnli ii INltlteror dc Istorie din
rcurcFli, cluj
5i
lrsi lrr snur r9t0 atr rod ludrle la Bumstli, Iasi
i.i
(rnj,
10.2e4 dc d.cuncrte .u priviE lt {ordo}a
Tm
R.nnncacn.
'rlrnsilvania. uncle ddDenlc dateazn,
lenbr
Tra.silvanin de
liun,
din
1lcolul 11l'Ilca Sunr
g3ix pcnh! iipal nri mullc rolue Dn' conti
Itrtur docmcnt.lor penta prinia ofi valorilicate, reic$ tor n3j rndii
nrq,nizarea leudrln
pe lerirorjll
lnrii
los1rc, atdt dc Degatn d. isto
rnii barghsi Tbldati. incep: s:i rparn o dohndiare nai b.srlt c!
3}ionl ciria vom
lnt
stndja si linnri lrimdntirile
ti
lulLlc n6*
rtr
ttnn.iti
si orn*nerfi din istoria mcdic r R.naniai, bs*urile de prie
itii cc sru incboEai iiirc polon ronan
$i
p.lorul tus de.tuhsr'l
rddlior
ri
ajulorul pc carc
Inpohl
miar I e prinii itd3
Fopobl
rus
i luplr dusn inp.lriva
iusd"i
Dron'n
ti
nabsbulgi.,
!ent'!
indeler
Pc tiilindl istorici
rsio ls n,hcnir6 bi)rliogmriei docum.Dllor din prim.
jumltde
r rc
sa iNeput
rrtsntier
n.trialuhi in vedetr intlrc
r{irii unei lucri,i .aE sn bdrz ri-"loiul pentrd nrdcpcndenlr n'1i,,.
iili din 13??; shr aitunat leE
.olujionrri
d. dltt 23 Ans$t 10! clc
an in&pul dslieurpr unci astivitnll nr
..c!iile
de riLsorie 3la Institrt lor din Bdclreiti
ei
cr!j.
Sa adunxt u natdial destihai intacnirii nnui smrt dicironar po
krt n, siu,iiu.
,enh!
.
ccplia stiintilic! crF : strt lr rzx mdlor ormdi d.
Ftiinli
naldi,
isii dil
lrra
norshi
-\u
fo{
tubricrt
lrrynent di
rnep
sn scoari ii tuninn inrldcnF
Enidirii
pr.gresistc a revolltiouril,tr
romocFli nsi lr4i.n. Bdin$hi. cernirevshi. Dobr.iiubov rsupra des
san cdibi icxlc ilin lite*tun fnosollci cr.
r di. S 3 irelui sb anlt.er hrt rjsbrui a privire r. dftpbr ncsois
(.1,i
,.iur ptna ului) tn
Tirile
Ronene .\n rdt.r$nidc in D4s-1950
sriintirici aj
^.ice
nuDci. N rost pr?rDirtc nn nmir
,lc c.nuniciri
ttiiniillce
ure
jzrorru
in pdtc din
lroltenclc
prosri
rlte de AGdenia R. P. R. De piun. h lNtiturere de Istoie
ti
Firos.rie
,i-r,ld
@tecl:wt-r
d r F.i 79 dc ft,erib
a.
3r
r'a
comur.-r4
l.U-,1 r- in i
-
r'-%xlu (Dt{,
. rr t,,s trhlr!
.s
.oDu
r
.
,'' .
-- '
,""
"i"
'.a.
1n0
d. .. erDra'or
.
.{.
1ti sr ,,
..i
i
1.
,L ,- .s.
ru de
,incrl
si urlsolj!
LI n Br.urc+
rarij clui.
care se n,lheDri!
i. tNtirnte,
lncap s, ser
redru
"r
rxoe
iror
Apd aLi,
i cd.a - oct,d<h
Lo. cn dulr tuplr p"n.tu
ur.
dan or $
niintificti a @stor k.etitrl
r.?,Fo.i
ti" t. bi"
''
mood F!
6 r'4oi
}i odc.dt
d oo
..,.*-
""
t+""" .: ,"*"
"
sr,ai
c'F l i' trlt,o0
'n
,l t le, xl d. solritia'
i".l',
."::"''
tj ,
"
d" o31.cip3,
bdt h
.;rrt,rr
cu
ae.r
on"i a d-,bdrur.us
rit,""J
dsrt',.Tr.
":
s,"a r
bwr
i.'- '
et-b
em f
d{,c p.-sa
r
.F.ri-,,
Etorca
dc s1r{irt tat" su ,edJr *mpr,
aes. ++,r,i
,S..
(,'
""
eJ
"
{. .1 i,,q u. p.. r. .,!.- l.Fr
r. F
o. pd rrri.
o0rr".1 f,+
Roni on.,o.
e*,*,r.e,^r
d_.u,"r anu..i
t9.0 Sx.desi
bFcdnld
5ir.rur
A.r L.us . tu! 27 d" Lt.4-
lgt
idl-
ats I
*". *:,",
""
-,e.cror rdsi L. o,.-irr
b.s., d
prul.h
or
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ir de wcr: t. * p p"-r
r-a" ,r
L*.ar u.n.s.s..
i .,"i"
a" **
",""
.8ocra
'sftu
ur in R+rbu.a
popdrtu
Romind
r r-ut rr,i].
yc
a da 6, fe,i
to.^,a r ,\caodm.e
Rp.R.b.
pu r, d c"1"l"lor ,ktsru"i
tnr.tr5.[tui
riutond cor.criveror de specrali$r 3te rnstitublor
rrui
,,Progrdn|,
(!ioidt)
drrsrt i untefsitat de
,{..st
!!ogran,
cu indrcptnrib .e dccnrg dir
ir) redsts ,rrr, d3 cr,4 6ti I
Msxism.leninisnt De inv4n ci!
!.nna
a nn cnder sutr nerasl! tI.
rhnln r insaDln
si
ant tinirlirii, b!b!e sn descttdcm I$g poitne
F.n.
rru c.itici si atrrocrucn.
,rFdii
dtitd
-
spune L V. Sttltn
-
nx sst? postuit
sd nssi inainte
1.6t od.nb ette timwdz
,i
dtat, tu'n tinprrte
,i
cutatd tste apa d. izEr-
.
.n tEunoorte tin.et
Eeatnj
d desdilui collet e, a Matizo imprcjurd-
rib corc i du dd rc,stde, d *dninn atunr tuijl,%@re pin tue se
1)aata
Dablt rirc @ an ant loc tn u.n s.s. in diferite d.nenii at. gtiinlei:
nrosoric,
biologi. llngvistrcn, erc. d.vedesc dD tolosi.e, cltficdl9r a o.
diiicet rjut! ra deslolb.ea
rritDjei,
Dacn rnrlizifr in ludna acesrei n'ri indlnhnl a chsiclfl Mdisn
r'iiiimnrui, activuater, pe tlr3mnl
etiintelor
ist.rtce, rn
t.a
nosrri,
'.d:r:.
(:
ui rofddoj.r"ef n"".k rrL suc,6.
S'a ddbAtnt qi se iteshte pe lirs inseDidbiea
ttiinlei
penid pro
dutic. i,I3i Br dt an.nzat .otul tnens pe carc productir,
lncitca,
risqr o ra
!?ntru 9tlinF.. ,,Fliintd
srnDe F, Ensers
_
,iarorarr,
t
1..luctiei
klthit tui ,1tu-, decai dsr.rerre protuctir
rtiinret.
Legilnra stiiniei h ic.la r! este prin uinare o proddi din crrc
u,frar pr&ri.r !.nefici'zn. r\[ri.a, izvor d. oerlrc, ridrcn
lroblmc
tui de .4.crfe
etin9ificn ri,
pnn acersr., ihhositcte
etriilr.
hpt3 petrttu lesa.ea sriinlei c
ratsr siii
.i
d.ci
.t
!d rfl
d6s.o r{ sr.t.t tor
.+
r!@.
rrivjnd slb aest nighiu aclivft.tea dcatirur.ta
!e
firamrLl
trit!.
ldor
isrorice
ti
filosofice, lrehuc si snsratin ci nu existn o hg Lri
.L:ricien6
istre gtiinleie hlorio
ri
fitosotie,
de o prrt,
9i
,r.did,
dc
'tti
Si lunn rnele exedpie:
In rctjvitatm cc se itesltruri z
r
pi.i
g.ner.ti
tl
. olnlenilor Rrpltlicit in
$ncrj
Bludiur lstrrlel
rl,ntDicr estc de nare insnnnrrb. Mannahl cae stn ]a b3*
]rndr.lr
rorici
lrh.iei
ln lnrftnnintll nediuj rstorrs Romeiiel aredetor rer
!.r6abil
Mlhail Roner) aF insn serlo.sc rpsuri
Ei
grdgrri.
Muui pm
resL dc istode intbqiin di, a.castn cas-n grednli in shrduinta lor
dc a pr.dr cat nd bine ist lia pal ci rnvr_tnrorii,
lroresoni
din inld
Fnrenr
nedin
ri
sule or pot da un ajutor nelE lit ra inlnrunea
sE
tetjld
ideolosib
rt !.drcosie
t
9i
la conplcbie. nlnurlutni m pro_
blmc noi
!x
car exierienF victii le ridicl
ii
hrc rrebue drlidt
rt
N m rorosii tufici.nt &clt sjutor
Fnrx
At senpru: rorDl ,ioclncnlnrii isrorie
imbunnlirer g
imhoen.
in luFta
Dentrn
aFnrara
L,a
9edinta
$rcnnn h lroscov. cu prilejut cone.
noridi a 2? de 3ni dcta n a*
Marx Engers.rfiin,
ti car r rl't:t ineDnntllca deostiln . studicrii opcrctor
serialc
?le
lni v. L Irnin,
Fentru
intelegc,ta roldni a$esiv,
lridllnic
rr inpe
,:i 2
leiisnuhi Fc.:rcl
r.Irlzbin rce+r
lc}
rn llnina carrrerrtii daie dc
.ngle,, Orglnul ccnlrrl :t rr*ic!]ui unncilorrc Ronh scdn,az
)
hu3 uM ialte corrcle din ni.ria
lirii
ioaiir., .ra cii inp.rirlislii e
b.siiiitc t ii iorsrra si ru rsoaii Ronrnir
In rce* rrticot tn ftio surrtinia prinrc
drde cn ...sre .iaro*, isr,_
'icit
r
rdhi.li
de n e@ttr Ni s@ate ta ilredrd nen ,nrd21. docuneft2
nxtni dtrcttnn. M .t
\\
ar sanqrB .t pdcii si dt. tibd+ijtii
Fo;ocet6,
cd duynaa de naane at polnn ui nhda este a saftind de Ra nd
"1.rc
i pdartd
in tuf(
?e"hI
paPn\.
Lutt3 pen1ru a}rrrea picii si
ticniru
d.nascaEa iipefirrlqd.r
.neric.ni caE vol si dcstinluc un non ri,boiu nohijat si I tacheitor torj
social dcDoo.lii dc dreartu. esie o
troblcmi
centntd
]rc
mre. ridici
Lnpta pctrtru s])threa picii
ri
scurtnjii
loloatutol
. cnpnbr
ftcc nn sdevirai
lrogmn rrin
inlriml .@rdrr de r \.. Siaritr
@respond-qtului zian ui Prdxla.
cretlfdti din doneniul
'!3'i
'_b.g
h insii i lorr
,
I
-.
. .."1m'orsne
d.r" o. lrci r rc
.,.r .". i"
i.
, . ,i"-, ,* *,"-r
ntiai* a" p"pn*r
-u."it"r,
condu dc P.riicur comnist
liomi'i'
p.i.
"
i p";"1'"."
-
,ss lib. bn si tr'deocnd"nLli
tr! Mslo 1 Rimd
F
ciuhrar muzlor
istoici nu an inteles incn i
:ii m inieles cu initrzier?, iec.siblea
*udierii accst r
lrobleme,
dr'
rr coniai.rea ci sa.rir d. hbrie
ei
lilosotie
9i
condtrc.ta lnsiitnlelor
,i.Isto,ie ii
lrilosort e Acaleni.j R P R nn le'gn sdicicni rcfii
.dnonk..
juridte, rilosoti@ dc slr'irgeDti
rdnlit.t.. crF sn Fmnr.rsci
ll.rrlenole
i{ricais dc ri'a!t.
'ie
liildi
f)rti!'ile milor instilulii
politie,
juidje,
dc d. dupi 23 Austr*
h d.:vonfer ccrc.iirilor
tc
.cesi tirnn
dur socL]ist. ailici dcvot.mfriul si dFg.stea fal! de pabic
ti
pal.r, si
ii gatr .ricand st no dim vi{ta peitru }ircle Pat .i.
lFta
lib'ftiici
ri srmraniirles natiDnoE a Palriei.
1\ nc lnsii coDcelti! chsei ntnciicrre iNcs:nn si cultLvn'\ pric
Lflrir .@enilo dncii d lo"te iatnmite si cul$rnn rrdiJir n4i'M'li
dc htfl itolriiihd dras6t*
p.n1tu popo' e mslrc.tafx dr'ptu'ilot
i.i iidcpcdenrei altDr pop.rrc
. Nc auit drdqi FIuD. iov Gnerrshe Gheor:biu Dei
-
u u'lit
ti
tt)el
I''t'iei
no6tt,
pntuiLttl nostru dot d. si\td. tuft'r *ectt$'
Enttu
tibenaft, ca
$
tot .e d tudit
'nun\d
,i
lupto na6t';"
\
Friinta
isLrici mr litbue st se ocupe
,,ctr
isrdid a'i{td PI.'
t flance:c. tu istdid
liorurelrr' O.
v Strrinl are id mod deoselit
srcim sn dltivc badiJir revohlioirn . por.nlui carc prin
slela
trple a rd\cit si sdiure
juEll
do ssle
ti
sn mcaeasct lih4tJ1ct
bde
Endenia,
Eqisul de {rcBoaatie popurarn.
rr
ru'rv-L_
5_
!TEr^\ . o-.
In luhtna acestel invntnhrr rpa& nnledc cn inlaizlerer 6ec1!e, d.
rsrorl. mcdic a rnsrtutnni de rstoric dii Bdcuerli cu
trjvirc
ra intoc-
htFr nnor lucriii in care si so rcdea ruplr
@iFrului
roman impohir
jlsarui
o1.nu
9r Fe.iru
iidependenl4 consiitue o lipsn g1n de
justifl.
Tot aret de anemios se
!.ste
jtrsrific. rftmnr te|l, di Buti decit
conod in crrc ntrncErc c.lcrivor rn*itutului da tsr.ri dii Bucur'd
ra pregliiF3 vorunerd cu
lrivire
t. rnzboiut pntru independenti n..
h hcraFr t1,'rir,,ir
;i ftobtcnetd
tinaistiii, r v. Srann ne
JnvrF cn:
,,Nicio
$iirtd z se p.6te.]*tatd;i p&spen
ld,1ii Wnd
d. opinii,
f&d
ha&attu 6iti.ei4 .
Din aeastn hvntnturt ftlese cn desb.leril, rupta de pirerl ir'ebtre
sn devlnn o hetodi llnd.nentali cu rjulotul cdrcb en dcsvoltin
stiinh,
gi
ridicin ercer,raa
sriinlificn
ra nn tnalt ntvet reorerir. I.3
tra 4e6t r desb'1i rrubne si stet donnla ite a
slst
ddsDdru,
ttio-
I' luDrr d
'
r'i rfi" E laaEn tutadd d4 onnaqere
Da.i considerim ci o pirer este
justi,
trenre st gisin i.sn-
nentsEs sriiniirici, cae ntr ac@pti bnF le fomatlsnutll a.cnnen.
.\strel puten nsi usor si ne lnsutln ldeile j!s1c
Sr
si iievenim
luptito.l
Fcnhu lronovrer
lor.
TEhrc sn rednosc insi ci p. tiren
stii4elo.
islorice, d6bria.tl.,
lupta & pnErl b.zati p. iD'ftn s devenit incn o
netddi o*ntn in seria de istorie r Acr,C.Dloi
ti
in Insrilntel-A noastr'
S'ar pder cn rcnoncnul esta sn fic ,leisrnin* de condlcere.
Lstltutelor crfo tmpicdeei uiedrrdrsolia ditisi
ri
urc nu robsste tot.
caunr n:iodr do convlnEeE, d1', care cauzd
-
de pildi
-
1a sedin
ble C.hsiliu)ui stiiilifi. dl Ihstiiutultri dc Istorle si Fllosolie dir Bld
resti, se iirimnln c, oanaiii o
lr?sirire
in epcjanhb s! nn parrici!.
rcrv ra dcsbatcrea prorrlsDel:.
D*: j,n
ql
de *iintd n
l.ote
sd tttud 6rb tdtue sd sd dp,ob.,
t ip a d ptia,ipti ,.1! ote ,in
'
4mtn .u snirnul
ttiintei
inaiatdrdt
t
).
Drci idlr! cotrstniFr socirlisnuluj
esie ne'ore ds o producttvl
rrlc 6u!.;odi, de o cr6ieb lurturcast t bnNrto! taterislo, lD
n@rii nnsnrn, construrrea
socirlismdlt ae levoic dc ddvoltaer fur
ruaosn a qrin,ici, de o
qf,-slde fuhno$n t 4ltuil .oI, nllion.Ii
'
-
!s,r'3rl
i'o
-.'
P.tr'u a putca
"&svo!tu
tliirtt,
!n dest.tcm deci criiic, Iar& ptu
blcrel.. sn h deshicm cu
P.siL'ne.
!a llzr desbrterilor tnbne sn ste', ln'int de toaq o l*ftn
prlF
ci.i i.t nrhisnlenirisnd ne itrvatt:
,,drtiicdli
lip.nr @&
:!flcti.i nao*\c, dar nu discteditdli ta:inai duta.titi.ei,
ti
nu a haa.
ltfluli
,th'o bucnrtuie,
Pehttu t)r.tn
fta und se^salii ielti^{
r'
In hmira
lestci inlnlihrri iDi prmit si constat ci ru!t!
rn
b! !n iixll nircl
triinliric
n e desfi-slrn lD btln anplorer
P'
inrennl
tiiinj,elor
istolice.
Aill in u.lc coDuniciri
triDlific.
pry.nlalc. cat
ti
i! nnelo cuEd
sj ftviste istorice sa nanilesti ii.i 3tiiudtui olicclir'1sto
3l
@@op''
canriar. a rinirltclor cchii
r.alc
istoric. Dnrgheze
nu tm da! o
i -: : mod"" 3i .im!b
*,i r"r a-. .
"."'
;
'- ..F.r" id{rogd br-go"* sc n'' pr.
zinli b n$iitulc nmle comniciri
lii
dnri de ssi cn un ntv't o-@t'
in Qr ddnhi 3s. zisr
rfrctol.Fh",
zdici o lglor.hre do dtentl
dochentd tiri dis(rnnddnt, liri coneptie
ialnJiricn' At
tli! crr
nu sc pDt rrsge condhzii valxbilc N! culituir Erlictcnt
gPirltul
ds
'l3l'
leiii, cotspu(zitor asculirii lu!1cl dc clrs! nr et3pr rctuili'
9t
&
lnptr ln?olrira riinligtl.lnr bu.3hsc dtn @nttilntr
i.rslli: Trcccn
Fe.
ueor
!e.ie
n.nilcstin rnrjetiinluice din conunl
cirne
lrezcnt,te
de trnii lucr:Llori stiinljlicj @re nn suit totdeaun. 6i!'
Sd!l! s-i rojslclo In*itntclor & Istorre
iL
Filo$flc
ar6
^"it'nld
dc Islorie I Rmd'le|
,lL o"
(d]'er
L- n
r," fl' ro'k il
se oDstlti
r.
_"
irdo @o htzl
Do i.
rLiinliii:i,
uDele oll-i nn sont inci la nlvslill ceqt
r" b.,r.i o'N"rni lsi-1in ntrcttj
'nn.iiof$i
delx untvoslt3ha
V. Bxhes din cl,,j, r.ol. D. rr.drn rrirni dc
lildt
ci drpn Unirc I'r
r
'11
n,tf.." dc., deci csie 1utu.r cd.soi cn dioiii dc.lnndnl
I bobull ti
rN Dr!D^ar'le1 s$rJ^,tr
rwe plp.rur penlD
! .uce.i .bia i, ftginul
de dcmocr!1ic
@prhrn I
tu tu. nt., ru,sh"2.,o,.
MaJilrt @6ta nu 8 ndi piifea .te taa nannt@dsd:..
Printrb discurie tibdi s v' prtca
ttun indoi.li srabili in ce mnsuri
Feal
"s
s.u or
c- s. ,.,: gr!,i,.
- F !.,,bl,r,
s d re4 orritie , fod r.i6L
l" -ro-ir
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q4,
d4' un t4srsFa
c L
pf,or
din 8u,.r4.,,
susliir .6 pDglmd
ere.lolrl
lubticor
li z\tn|
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rp-1i rs6,j..1
trL\"t.
,.4,oti
tdr,
o
paLfthrei
tnot
ti/i ury]ea..latu.tutice
Accrsb @rddrne insi o t]3srarin
duo6. c.rlitk
,i
i inpi.dec, ruprr
corirazirc r rddirului
tsforic,
Evolutior i p
rr' desvou,re.
srclia si
'll.jstele
insrjrutelor
do turori. si Fllos,,fie 3re Acade
,''.*,|*,.''"".''-,'"
"tr{m.rob.rr.,7brr,"R.., A ol,lp3 cu.., gv^
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-
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r
eF a p.rr"
da au,,J.or4:.e.
o ftrie de probtcne
numsi nr mlrborae
,ltc ltrslitqte, r.ru lost rule ltr ttun, cr.su le de nsrxrsmteninish
p.niru
btnbolaiorfi sriintjticr ai itrLlmr tNijrureb
Ac"deiici R.
p.
r..
.rsa\izite i't
'trul
1949n050,
fi
crrt au on$lbuii tr dlcarci llvclurri
rdeorosic
rt cursrntilo.,
nn flnclione,zn
nr rnul 1050/1951, deei o sEric
dc Institule (rcaR
de pltdr)
'u
erur cn nNtsred1n rorsanizarca tor-
sftti arsi i raduce-i
r.ft
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-
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f r" 1, obn,3F, :drr
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D am rupkt parru ipmtundarea lor. ru rm nls toiie
oict,uilre @ denns dir eh
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dtn Motdola in ahil 191?-1913.
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b) t-uf1"
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lut nccAsrn desvoltnii
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n{rslra
se $r
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ri
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relrezenrrli. si na rininen nnasi 13 plblicrlilli
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lor rnrio*rnli Df se r-qt"tid dela
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nerc tu adivit8re
lll
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RohiDi
Tortd forlele .l'sflrc crlrhjtc sn c&eze, i5i
aisss locnl cuven i,
DDm
trir.
knipenrru
a ldrue
aportul ror b itrdeltini&3 inaltel nisilnl
e ne revlnej
de r inbognli cdtua
ndostra, n4ionati ca frjmn, sci&
li!l;
lnn
c.i.' L SI
"o.c--
con r.o.t{ ros(Fj t4 r-.psnd or
q
i,4fl
PrrD Bunct
norshd, sn slnjid cu dedinli clsa nuncit'rc c!r'
ni pmccsl construirii socialitnnlui
i5i dewolli adeYtrala
s&
l'uter'
Sn shjib
lopodr
cne a
)jci,
tt
care ssltzi, con&s de
.iioaF, ajutat de
slorroasa Pruic
riursfe istorja contemporan!,
Republid Poprlfi
Robant
tturit in lutie
ti
jc$rc ielorla hobn'
; *-di"-,,r,r
'l"br,""
u.R s s
-
istori! vielii not, leiicitq
so.ia.lkte' in
III]'ORTANI'A INSU$IRN
$TIINTII
SOV]ET]C]I
i IINTRU I)ISV0LTAIUIA
ACTMTiTII
$lnN'ullcE
A AcAlJElilEI
ll f t
t{oltuNrorrc
lnEztNurj
Acr0uiu$ Ptur' I' CoNSTANTINIjSCU_II$I
Planrl Cincinrl
11 l.cllbLrcir
Polnlam Ronlnc
ludc
i'rinler pD
!.r',l
tu!Fu DUnc L{"i'cn
Rcpu)ticii PoFlfu' Ronirre
'
h**i
"t.t
ie*;le 5t
sn_ei coord.ndc aslraL aclLvitais ircit si
rjub
p; ph!
l,rttiltrtc
pop.rar r.stra iuncilor in iDdcprroi{' srciniro!
""t.
r"'i.'r"t" t"
do stinr!:L din
lah
n'r*d 3e
afln in ft!! un.i xarcini social iitorice concFie
'l
trc3 & n n si de crellic sfrintjlic! nr rujtr cl$runii schlis
nlnui i'
laB
norslri, adica in slujlra rcelei ornnduil
3;bRri ni are sn asistc crclieied trelinitrtii kLnlli victii I
lerialegidltur'le].am.dlq
Rap.aftclc
ti
cor?posrtelc care au fost ascuitrt. ii acadn i.ci n,
pann scnn, an dttat cun in irccui srvanti dc seini ai p0pon'lu
au anl in csaln nisuri geniu crcaLr
9i
do ntil
vi. & a lucra tn tolosul poporfti ru f.st
linuli
izolrli de polor do
a cnror doninltie f li f.st ancninlrli
prin riittarea natcrirh si ol
dD
suinJn
carc stujeau inrdesh
clplo.l'brilor
!.pomldi,
llttij dcdcani, nslezi, fraicPi, pnn tdrii
ii lracticc
an$Irlionnt!
.dB.polite, dispr4uina pani
9i
lolosiE: linbil nalioirle in gtiinli
1n islorja
FNNlui
ios1 . la cern,
lirii
3.
1a1n r pA.nlui, cla. iuncitofe, rlirti
cu
rniidn'oa
nunciloaro.
tu sfer;it, d[pli zcci d. rni dc rup1.
lisci ori,drirer s.ci3:n c.a nxi itrriniati, orarduitr socialisin
'hnsLman sociDlilii
riiL:,ci re
! calc ci ptupo4ii nc.raos-
c!le ii itio xlii .riiDdunc dn,airne.
ri .ri.drirc. s,cirlist! duFt r s c v. r. I?nii.
liiinlr
.s
b,n
t?a
tc,t
I rt ta,
"
p
'io ,..:../.'..s. ,o!.ft, . i
Ir cdrur iciorxtroi roashe rfislistc sJ Esriz.azi s ra i.j in
lr.t
libcr:rc!
riiinlci
dii Ihluril. .ariitslisfrnlui,
itonnr si Guverolr
Frii.
3
-\crd.miei
lretublicii Popuhre R.r'linc
aica iodicrri de ctr
1iit.l.tr.
(1..
GhJ!'gintrDoj, Sscrlrr Cctrdd !lc. c rLP.M.R. n'
o,riirlx,.ca sr di,r octo4lrie 1913. l? nisn3urxrc. .\ca,lc,,ioi: .r"rmrii
tufi; nt
!&i
in i!r(t,!e crlh'ii ni6!^t Lnini3te n t;huztntr, tn
srrii't, rot at rinlr.a hlLtctt.tat rnttu'ii
te nu risrlelt.rz
lt.Lb'tate
ia.nte t?
.nlrr
r
rliti Ptntni. h l.netia tiLi4ii ht ea,urli. tnatunatit
'.
,,j, n
la\
" '-.',.
'-':,'.\
t
:in.d
".
" tota
s..i.ir
,
\
q
oor' l i rr 4F;L
P.
b43 nirlrci andirrisic
nuN ereiphr
rriinti
sovieti.e; o
rrrinla
in slxjbr e'shni.ji iocklis.
1 urmr,nd zi dc zi invitnnrire
ri
sum
3eh niintai dix lln socirlsdui rriu61or.
!c rcer8ti calc ad
ljrnit.
D8r
lcnlru
a relii ir n'dq,]i(ird n.iloi
Doastrd sarribi. trclsenuit nri anllc
ri
nai grcle d.cit ln itdi, bebu.
3:i
FiSin ri
nri idinc d*at in becur i, curoagte&a invnltnirteld
niintei
s.vieiice
!i
tn in
tiF!
ori.ntbii el leorcljce, r p.lnclpitlor c,E
n lrc r1nt de
F*lrDici 9i
d! elicace
I rorli d.spre c.raclcnl inrlnt?t ,1
ritintei
sovielic. lnsclnnd ,
blinia in prjfrnl rdrd frrrd ei ro4n de crcci.rc in dcscolcrlF aa..
s J! liberxl do donimii, liurr:n.zici.
Libsd.r sliirtci din lintmire r,urylrezici r prilejui! un dtusbit
ivirl 3liiil.i tehni.e sorietj@ al cil.j ijtm dd desrolt rd ciltilatili
9i
iarrt ne tl}ni$ tur'-gheui. AeFt rla,ni
ar srjnFj tlDjce rc cxplici prin specilidl d rcorciic si
lriD
posibjli
i:lllle ce rc.lizrft
F:
.aF i te
run.
ra disLrozitic
tco!.tic ,l gtijrloi tchiica sorkti.c, rrcbue
eclici rplioli studiilor relnke a dns h
i$eirnxte succs
Fr.c,ti.e.
si rexli.nnrn fr.todr
rt. nct.dli care, spre de.sbiE de n.
rod. dxsrici fctosili in .3i.-A!lia tcrrni.n llnr3hun r.bscstc iezhLn-
!.le
la nper. xlc nrhrjrhl.r Inalrrn dc folosirea r.i rrlion.li t n.lc
ri:l.lor. acexsd ,,.,,:L nr:iodii.oDs[ si ]n acr cn i:xti1i r.satblli
rnrchfiLr
jn
f,reriD do nienleFmdini" <lialectjci irtre .lcn ntele lor
.crth tnryhe7n. In accst rxz calcdul re
io vcdrrc mnti rtus ftcircl
Fiae
in Dport cu bxt ddctiltci firi
.re
?emib
cc.n.nii soNjdeuhile {re matcrjal.. Ac.rsii toie ori
n 1032
ri
ddlhti .a reiodn dliciali
rstxndard d. Slit 0003 351
'
sriirnit nn atnt
in
^rds
lncni ra inc.r.,l nslir.x
Fhritiitii
ej d!
.ihc insinrrul fEi.oz R. Chrnband, in rnul 1949
Arlicdi in
1Ir
nc.shn b so,rhucli8 crii sdirbji. rccaii ne
tnin a d$ la 4on.nij car., nnmrj peni h ? Nccnnie 1950 sru cihd
h r0 r:so r dc rid
ij
100
q.rne
d. crn.nr.
O .lt:i caract. stcn r
-sti;1ei
ichnie soJetlr esie coordonrr.r
ii
ri,frilena
lcrrnhe
r.rlict'!
rl .lab.r:t i1! titrril. mnduc
crriscitrtu
?c
c!,! o .rc l.adcmi. dc
Dtii4s
a U R s s, calorit.
.
irc u va{clc di nrctii 1l
mb d.
qlcciric
dtrs.ilc
d.r. ir rcriii rinr: oNruct,
hic.
F
rcxra lori! nrrjnsil. $iisfrcc,er D.loitd,dd nnigaljc
jrisfea
crer&! d. indunr:i n.i. cLc
rjr mst ddndriu sn rnnni
hrmcl Qprilcri,
-
i.,,
"
.csifcl:ciiritrtcr}!droenllal.l
cuDprcxulni i5i 0r cimnn'
de ratrd'mcnl. peni\rdi isil)r dirrrine m roc rir.i.nj .cr.rut irntmh,id
cr-A.gtiic rr irn\aahi ph|
dc strii
'ej.tiltz
"I:,,IuI
a'D.,rjarlor,lejoNh
Drtr
u,:ta1.r phnuhi
se
r'.1r .t siirutli $oirlisi.
r,, lrdrur ifi:ihritor
.r:bu. .c.rdaiii o d.oslbiii imloit?,tr
trdo ndi umrn. sjrn,iluru, 3.a
rultri trQhi rij d. nrncjior 3i rehnj
{ihr srr.,le.rehne
Jrict ! norsli! x n\rlcibrtrtui
ri tr sonri. a:hr-
Dovismul duc ri r
irrirudtn.italt
:!orni, prnr iriicrre, crtifii,rji p!)
r,'ndtrctrc
si $rfti. t: r,ricxr4
It
)nunoLiordt ditr
larik
mriulisl'
r o r,uctilr! de robol. fruncilorur shhanorn! dorirr ur
lEileci
cnms
.inu n ro.rnfi snu dc rnuDcii al rnsmbllLl"i DusLLtui
de
lr'l]lclrl
dD 3Dsrmbh x n$cg
lrrc's'lui
r\aMii rc
rmst nte & 3i,Dgo AtliJri h o 1leri}li nlul a nhi{oristului i" uniu
a.x $vLciicn cnrd mirc ca rju,gc sli Npli'rdr
Fe
bli tn'ribrii di'r
d.lr nzir! cilirn di'
11!
$rc aut!,nalizarea ir
lrnslornn i', sorn.. nr o.nndui'd socidisli nuDcir NL stie cl o ann)
ciie rtilste
Nodrcli3
.''''l*.
i dc rnnt.d. rodul colah.rnrir dl rc
ole nxi
rcdc0lionslc -_ -si
nx!$i Le
'
'erior)r
lle N rcit r(1ui solieric,
'ap'r,ir
sn d.s(fte rc.lc rlintc
ti
totodatn nr des'.lhei
lor Sc olr! ] rslftl E Li
H1-2. i! lzim shmcoN(rn4
tusinisxeculi n, nof rrn$il lrr r.D oldrrlitrui
u: rtrl
"i.
r"
'
:,{"
r
lae crPrriL sii cotrduci ur pioces tclnic crnolioit
rh,lclor rulo,nrni d.
tonFs's
dc
Lr'
chD. snxd k z.ci dc l{il.i).lri &liftrb lolosi'Ll RixLrliilc lel'mta
,,Princ
Pd\r.lq Putritrdtr1'
ji
fuctn,\e. usend mc.rr:i3 dc
listrird
'.,"*''.
-',
ri *
-, -
";e,i:i
trc dDic. rNc!.rH
arlrt ra o disr,rrn
d. 2 Ib de nzinn.
b enrraln nD
.sr. incuisrij
odati pe snptininn,
ea esre vizil*n
de v.ril'c c a rnshraJillor.
rn @s!e grrndroase
slccese are rehnicer evietice sc enriDi bi
3:
'.
a,.bau.bd-lu
. lr
,tu.
,l^ 1.. clir .i
h'sjietuluj,
donln.ra tr.hdi da cftre oh, ctc
''.|.t,1
i.bq
"t
o!4tra
tuc,-.J"}Csimu
rd !,,i a ds, ,5mdio,
i dcdrul . co'j rro- r
3 h.aNtomirii dirijate r orcanisner'
pkcand
deta_ o i"lt
scE
naicrjstrsin
, ,enoneielor psjhiE
{n,
ra.r \ r
ru
ur
0,ne
i-bss'
.liii n-ttui
ne
m,ano: ,
bm.Fdu
- r it".. r".t,j,lrl" ,d
. organjsnnlul ii
nnitiiii dhrectjce dinrE srsrm
re4ls
F
rsrr ds4ishtrtui
tn sp.cjat, scojana
nr A,iden,i rrlodaii
rolul dc hrrahon i1 d.i ,i
rn run, r inlilltur i tu rrlov cr
troncn.le
siinlnin pni]tica
sunt
]3 enl18ic
DrDrie .ieoselir de
crNEnAr.n
$rnNTIrI.E
^ ^.o
tu o iout eredilate, ln legfturn c! ideile mi adus de Lepctlns.ata. r5.
cuD face hof. Cludnco i!
qlre.
3t
,,Eibridrer
vegciadvn r pb!-
telor,,i
F
dusin cale, de $smener,6e nergc spp descolcrln nebi
nuit ln trecu1. Ntr nal blinlen in]rortrnF nrjain i f.ptului ci
-
rerytrdu sc pe rcest drun natdi.listdhtectic deschi! de LDperlftcal.
-
in U.R.S.S. se fac eret i pcntru d*operrre! teacolut c.nccrn'l], .cedt
fl asel d@.nd'in neinvnf-
Nn nrlamptnior L@ethscair es,.e o llici . polonlut ruq ltrltttdrc
acrtui de *ci de anl o Paiidnlui BortNic al unilnil sovieticc, itigclFoli
s!.td sovietic, savanl cara
9i
r iDslrft rdenc @nceplia n.tcllrlismdul
o enlarea
gaFrdn idmlosicn tn
9tii4n
esle o preo.ulrs
Femr_
oenii r cdor nd in.lte foturi
ttjiniilice
itin uniun.t Solictici.
Prin drslalriri csre t$ucsd pe cei nai
'le
3cui mne dg
tlinrln
d
liril
-
deshrreri indrumat. d! c. c, d P. c. (h) al U, s,
9r
pdsr$l de nxrtrc coriieu al
ttiini.i,
I V. Stalin s dt r rveni ncht'
voil.
l)opoDlri,
pD dramul ntlerialibului dirlectic. Dinrrc .soqca dcs
brtcri, ncnlionin
!c
..ekr nr rcsnt'ii cn luoarca de Istorie s lilotofict
c. Alexrndrov, cn siturlb in stiinFre biolosie, d
invninhr. lui Partovi nn nrl ant loc ascn.ner deshtcrt ln iton.Did
econonjei
Fliiice,
al
ledrg.eiei,
etc. Ascncnct d.snatcri 3!Di lntor
.lernis mste de nn putcrnic avant nr sriiDtcle restcctiw.
dc atlint.i naterialist ditlccttrc
slhtlceihsbue st aniinin dcspre crca-tia
rtinrJirici
a
lolJodlut
nr tn
tr'e.ui, desDrc rolul de pionieri ln nulte domcnti ale
tulnFi, !c
care la!
ae| d.
Fildi
A, S. Iopov, Lorltgl]ir,
Tiolcovschi,
J!co!@ni etc,, Mi
cidin
ri
PrvlDr, . cnror opern rcde9te Mi mii iillditor c. oncand I'
cili4iuila de ereta.e
ri
lsbo
Lcenlu.2 dinh.c teDrie
ri
pnclici nu e*a
$a
cln cDd unil, d@r o
notui dc rctilne in giiinln, ei nd mult dccir rrdt. Dstc o lezi
ttllill.
ficl nrprr caractcralni
-sliinFi
ca feD.nen idarlogic, Concclljr ntrxbl
knnrGli dcsFc legiiturr dintrc teorie
ri
pr.ciisi a$ti ci
tliinlr
3 awt
dtntotdeauna si nu
loiie
si m aibn o kafturn cn ptacllct. Noliun* de
,,tliinln
plrn nn e.onbftnln iunai
lenttuca
e di$iioare drr DAi rre3
pln1fucn e nilciDorsn.
$tiinr,
d lcg.ln i,rtotdaann. de
!ncti.i,
et
loate
ri insi lcsad de
lnctica
prciionri
6rn de
rriclic! lrogrelidn,
Pls.
**.
_**-
.
,,riiinrn
put', pEcticare. Nd
iqnintc
pu'! rc!!o-
dtrtn 1e4 ftrcljon.& care s{!i leeai. de
pracliq
r..clioiarn. dc inta.
r.*le rerclioraic are hrshozie'.
lf omid"r.u. {p"..l. unr9'o"d-nr d,rhnt..n.i.i d,eiaD!,
ce 3s intiDrle insa cu ces@pertriL lo',,rcdrelicei.? tn nisurr I'
clre 3r
luter
serd n$selor, nu aE cine
ti
nici .um sn te faro$xsir ti
Eisurr nr .are
lot
setui nDnopoturjlor
tr rroltrtcei
lor im!6hlisrc, et.
pot fl
il
.unt rorosiie, liilrzd.nu sc roare nijloacete rinsnci.re
,i
ld,rt.
Prercdinlclo A6demi.i troa*m, Prcf. I\'aian snhtesd, dn nn exeD.
plu @ncludent di,
lractiF
ftrsrei Academii 5 reginuhl bnish.% no.
tieresc. $i
acol.
i,r'd
intlztirut cttttt Iid zn.i
,,tlnt.
.tu."
a|ode-
nice
-
a, nini a
")di
bnt. aL
ttiinl.i
irette
-
s a slb.taLuar
ti
dstreluit
ckidr tehnid,instdtliltu tu
pdttutletea stuitaril.t .r'.
I3r conscci4r?
,,rzora,?(
dir .? in ce n.i haft a Ac terlici, t'ans
lmAdtit
intr'un .npn.a cL z.i solitatit nand/i de indryhn d.ta.de
ptit.dt stecta.ot t
frd",ittdtitot
.L slb .i, st.i h ctatut 1. nn.intetaf
'lloria ,,9riiilei
pde. scracste inldiarislilor sisi l$nhiFze
!b-
pagrnda
tn!ofiv.
t1liilei
sorjctice legati d? pFctisa ccmutrismnlui.
6pcritrdsipcain.s!le]sIiblcicdsrvxnii]or$jetic
ci'rtiti de prernii,d.ni, d. . sprjji nemile nazuinFle
Frrotuluj
griinF
mvictici ruptt inlorriva reoleLiznrii .bsr|atc, atirni lesi.
rum ei e
lraciic.,
ate
ropd'bi,
d pcliricr
rni de
mnstruile . un.i vreti Nperio e, a conuiismului,
$
d.nurlr !n ts'rii-
cienii
,,9
nrci
Fmi'
expoDenlil coirrienti sru inconrli.hti di.
lunsr
da ledrre obiectiv dhrinclja e nrditer.nrn ri
rotiliej
iFleriar]sre
.dtn d nevorror
!"drr.e
'rc
trurgLeziel nj
lrrrdaclic.
In .urdntrrcr
lirtrti
lr Crenljn iD 1? ifd 1933, I. v. sratin r for
mrkt lesituh niibe
trjinli 9i
popordefiniid
iiiltu
inajnbtn
sir.rnt
rafdu.i 8$cinirr. r. v, strritr s rdn\r detfe
,,inltatrtu
giintei,
u oc.tei
Sliite
cdre n se *dt LA
re
rar.r,
nu srd dqtft d.
,ardr,
Ni
qrc
este
ltdla
sd-', sttje6.d, sd.i
tocd
enosute tuure c cdirite *r.
rlihttiiic.:
core
\ pa\,
in h La pa .outLi
4 d;., o
jtilaf"
i d?
';
ta,
.
I
cu
ces md ihaltn erFresi. a idetj de slnjfc a
loporutui e,te hsntlm
{tinlre nulca
*rlnlilici
itin unlanc! sovieri.i
9i
ptmut de stat. aQd+
mir d.
$lirntc
r unlldt s.vietice .sre tohl sulerior caE inaep n?q!e
pe
iIeft stiintiric sarcinite puse de ptaRurih siDcin.le nr fala
lorjonlui
sovlcnc
$i
r.e,sii rndici.i adirci I sriirlei Ji virat!
9i
nt?uinlelo
rro.
M'rIF-ry!
rHl-Llr
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r daniLor Shl |
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o
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4{-
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dh-.iul sr.h
a
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cno
d.
F{ire.l.
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da exohtje sr .cte de i,hibitc
. .
4" o,:
ra.
.l
i \ v noJd)ov
,
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si B ctulrtov D. a.mcrer
5, L
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r
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q.S..,rs,tuii
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ur narc nunnr de sav,nti djn i.ala d.neni e sriinlei 3u
lrinir
rrren1jl
st.lin dc nrdut 1r 3i fi
,,\nsanbtln
,!o itor preDiare
reprerntn
o nnrlnrie a uririei va
ricrili dc
rrou.me
stiij4ifi.e,i
tchnice ca.c se rezorv,
jn
u.1is.s. tu
onditiilc tsfoEbjlc rL orand!irii sovieli@
.d En. aqo
h^ ijor d, 15 i . or
^
-
dlr d. .iLi.or
c4,
de mu...:..t-od-"I.e.
s
'ln
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uror
sflpun
o. !,.1,i
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m.- ro,.j
i,u+drd
bdruc. sh nnsn dihire sarsni
tr
tchnictrn.
Asuet, penh!
dabomM pni.
ciDiilor auronaliznrii conpl*e ,
lrocc&lor
dc prodnclle tn mnsltuctlt
d; narini,
lcnlm lroi?.tarca ti Fundea
in luncliurc a unei uina t!'
bnat
!ol'u Ftudn4i3
dc
Fisto
e, c rDSt distins cu miul stalil
clas! I.' trr
stur
d sp.cial:tli
ti
ndnqitori in lrunic cu vladinjr Djsu
sin, nmbru eresponitcsi al r\cadenici d
$iiinlc
z u. R s. s
'
carc ett!
peit u r doui oarn lrnrclt d
lrcniului
Strljn
? ta-.
"t
.
du.o Cr
"a
R ub'__q"."'
dior'Lr'
"un"roreLe
do F' J
iL in horlicnlturii rrure4hnrtr
inshra
,i
d d; rcnriralic in mimi errborrBa
ti
co.stnirca d'
na' eL de
Flc lcntir dttres
ti
lrrsr iDhodncere in indshie. uno' mclte noi,
d. ind1:; nrodncthilrtc: rcllizir] deosebjlc in donentul c.nstm.tiilo! l'
*--nr,
"i
-*t-+
""
.*nt" in srecial; ehloraic! de ncbde pcrler
at
.,te
D*1."
"0"r.
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de
8riu,
..r!rli cocsxgaz @
el
;
'-,tu
r!o:
(.
:, a
_rrrJ
1
*^,
-,.
*:. d; *.,.,
"
1
Fiecrrc
nc! dcsei rl gu'.lnubi cn privte h dclcrmrea
pJemiilor
Stalin cstc o {loY.di vie s octtctii cadrcld
itiinrilice ii
a
Prosldttd
etiintei ii
bnn!.ei
Fra
care construEtc conunisnul
aorircill dn,tre nunea lliintifien ti Flainl
de stri ir do rmrte dlta
orl Lrne orglntde, olenlila.
it ditrtre uzlni -,&Jibr" ti
colsiin'l
edintiric
al hsriiululni de ricined e6tromi5ii
.,S
ordjonichidze c e
frir ile FroblcDe
leltnico sdnrlitice, r+
alvrie ce r pehis ejtrci sn
9i
indeplinescn planul cinciml ln 3 ani
tl
clate. Prin lesihra dhrrc..nenil de
sliinti rr
cdenii nuncii, zeci
ti
sute de frii de muncitori soricrjci
!l
ilo
colhoznici inc.I sn
Frticile
]l vasie lucriri de fuusLmiro iel]nicn sar
'sri6li
ri
dFin tu inc rl cohh.ratorl lr lncrn dc narc inpontuti
rtiinlirict Stii4a
sovjeiicd clliin zi de zi !n cfaclcr & hrss{ nu
nm.l
pntrucn
onnl de stiinlirc lcs.t dc
lopor,
d nllsi pentaci cu-
troitiilete gtiinlifica se fislende;c krg h
lopor,
dlr
9i lenhucn
odanll
sinlli ia ridicn in proForlie ce nssn
-
p8ri rt Nnca
ttiintifici
Printre l re4ii proni{hi Stalin von gisi nenmirati nnnctrori in-
d$ttali
tr
orhornici care u .blinnt r@drclbne talt3tc de ibpot'
bnlij
tr&iid}l sllnritcii
:r
"ced''
nbp
Cdt de llEjnost ald eealti
pfilectlvi orlcint on
d rdeviFt
.jvilizdri iubit.r de.anerilCilde
josnice rp&r,
!i:r
cotrtust, reaxta!b
din iara daratului ! e tu aDlici .ri De
s.rri lugi asa unrrta
,,socid
uiirilr' ilrsry a .n cireia invnFneniul din gcoalelc rndc unetzi
t lt
lr.darea
clntllii, sdisului si rritne
$cci, nsi
ti
rce ealiDihk Ia,Dlidi redlse Se
tlic,
dc arrel ciniqn
rurr ii dh ce in 6 nd muli proloriii de nrssi in
ttra
c.rdui de
'IruNan
ri
?cndergast
Din cele ce nai sus, rezun. cu
liisshti
inportanF ps*n po!.ru)
mstro,
F!$ru
vhrla stiitrtlticn din
j.B noashi a insuiitjl narilor tuvt
timnne pe mre ni le transnit
tui,l.
sovieticii.
fliii1r
ldierici ne iidruneun Bpre insntirea dcxiot.e ln toate
ddncnjilE
itliileror
din
Jah
lorsbt, a coocellicl dlterialist dbldn.e,
caprhiln sn aslg e crcctirii siiinllfj.e h'rjnm de elicacitrir.
Stibtr
sovietict De ajlti si lcgin
*inrj.
noashi de
Fuctici,
d.
praclica cetutidc neloite
loponlui,
de
prrciih conshrdrji so.irlhnuhii
!d
r@cln calc,
tliinj'3
noa*rn poare seni
ii
Berve-ste poporulul tu!
citlr in ln!1a lli
ldrhn
consrtufta unei vietinri buo,.artigie' ins59i
dir ex!:rililr
treticn
a nueii da nassn
ti
ml$oreazd l. sarain3 de
cinste a ridti,ii
lopotulnl
Dosttu srr lunin e
ttihlei
In lce&srd
shansi les urn cu
lrsclica
.o se hrnjlesin spi-
ritul dc
!.rtlil
in
tiiinti
s| b s.vieficn ne lDitruDcul
snre insulh.. acehl mliuiat. lecl
dirh'dr; dc
lrcs&s
a s.idiilii socjalrste, care e llgra eriricei
i
aulo-
oilicei unlla o nctoCele
gener.h de nnncil colectile in gfintn c]ilis
si
rnlodltica s iLasn, inllcuri d nei.dlc nuDcii @l@tivc h
stiintn, suni nd?le
lRnn@n
inpttjva devhdlor
lrinejdio.s
del. spitl'
$iiinLr
s'illlci N inilrunerzn tlre desvollarei lrrse si nr
lar'
$ssird aiilllui no de onde
ttiiiti,Iegrt
dc
Dopor'
itealncr dc lupta
re
plsr
i
nii lug d4n! eelo rl ceEeiiiii
tnintifice
propriu zrs
.
"*r".
:
tsdv4!"m_,'.1.(r!!trrei
@.'
":r\
d" v
-.) p.riui
u"
""i**",
"o
.i't"*r
$ir'Fi
sovieti@, n t aesvorttn o net'dici
riiiiliricii
ri
J' nrvilinsntul iostn
ih crc inleriali d 3snsaros si hrdpitrct i
i'.,1".-;;.";
;;.,
,
".,
'
r'n''Frz"orlcs!f,rr
i; l-,"'"" .
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p,t'.,
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sn C.scoFcrim
ti
sn vxbrjficnn
tot co
alost r""o"isr
in bt..i"
'1li',iei
ronenetrigi
totodali sn dlnulin
na'
ter* dc n.i valorl
lFsresiste
in stijnta noasfn adurln
Din csre de nti sut, sd d6!!tudc
cotltrzi! ci Nnal
Frin
jnesir*
dncebtiei m.r:istlenlnii.c
-
trnsitnfu caeete'isrisi' n
ililnlo
3oie @
-
.,it"-
^r-*
a**tt"-" tnlloritode
'
+iiilci
in
trr!
bo!6trt
Dr
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r' r'a
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sra n::n
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oi"-tirLr
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rn roi oiJ'
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nr orrrorl'i
n^ ild rd,rnda-er,ddrt
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-
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*'*nii de
eiiinF
din
tarr
noasirti,, r
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i'.)' t.a-n.
d
tn
P a
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i+ n o' t sct'rtui
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4,t" tu.u L'k:s.'
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dot.
r
Ltrlit J. .ksa 3 r9
r
39
Este ljiia dciinitn
si in strtulll
_{cad'mi'l R' P' R
tl
tde 3 fosr
*--i,' *-."*
a,., t
*'l l :11ln
F"n ?rd"Lui {i
;;:.-;,
. ,.;,;"
lunic 1950,
.,tc
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r'r"a -m '
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p
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lFnr &I
,",.; ;*".:-."r.'
; rL c""rv
Atubordch:
F{i'
.d"r rrpn'
:'"
"
'.
hic lrrorl su rali dc acliunc nnitnj
9i
nultc rliele.
cutrorncrr clpefurFi
tliiDliti&
sovieti.c
r fu.r nn.snfti
llnr
:'+
I r
.e.
o 1... ..
..iarc, Dsteri3l stijriiric iI
scncl
S"".-'.. h
r.\'.q
i
c1
,.
.
isi destvnrresc stldiitc si $ sDccistn.rzn
in U.RSS.
er ro$ obtrnrte pinn adm iD Dxr.i strrr!
.1 .d1"-J o,
",."t-t
r.,.,r--
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I rn
rrimit
,\.casrii c.nsirtaro e v.lrliE
FcDLtu
.bnnnt i.rl.
ddnl
^slrcl,
ra obtiilr
ronD rlDn
.ari ir
t.rr
Dlrsrrn llerur
rriiru
nlnmti si aPoi rurncnri
_
s.vromerrl Ac\tr x hlizai
rrnjini
sr.te lcntu
liLri i.r o seric dc rric uzilc tllricn i2i lorte
dusrrioi pciroLroq cuo iui dltnso in]roltau.
]\n rculit si tobricin
combnr
con*ruim de 4enctrca,
rienltu
jnd*hia
texi r, minri do
liqrtnrlt
rina, crrd.
penitu
brnhc lnrbnrc
Filru
cetele.
iist slii .rccbonecr
iie de cerbaliz c penin .ilr.
Ludiri d. d.t loao
lcst ricr ni.o ds c.rceput rtrn lubsitr e\Ilriorlci lchni{ sori.iico,
Inri.j$orul s.rirlic nr nrirrj, firi urilrn,l pc ftrcIcJDsirtrim ioi cu
ijrtonr
titui.i
sovieiicc.
Dcj, de oirsx exlcrjci,la . Utrn[ii Srvietjcd.
h ,lanttrlul cl:crilLcirii,
tzolr' or ..nLrldii 3
]]bLllndo.
.lcc1'ilicaii
F
aFi . rsiunirol 3rmFjrtc, fot.sin ioori3 si.{,rii cdlrrhlor n sh
iljjntci elic.L
sovicnc, ni
Fri'rhne
fsrdrnlrlrb
tr:ou:
oncrtril
mrii gosp.dirii
a:1jcNIe, imb niiiiilirr
melor tchtulogica dh rsr'iculiur:t, ..o:terea arinrlclori
,c
Insi--si .|f ,trta nurcii n.slre .liirrtiricc in idDirra .xtri.iFi
sdctic. 3 m:di!ionx1, in prlt., succsto ottnrutc in nnnrtr
;iiirJiricn
din lnnnrt.l. n.a*re de cer.ciarc.
ttr biohai.. in nedi.nrn,
ciare cxpdGil. stii4.i mlicli.c nc cste indh!.Nabiln pdxru drbnn
dirc" de re^ltrie DcEr nei bdt
Strcsslc iD3enmte dobnndiic
ri
dat rr
riii,4.i
solicLjce. conri'tg t.t nri frult
&
oaDe i d.
tljirij
der3
noi, de crr.cte l
lr.tu,td lsnioiic
pa srEl an luri,
pdrbtr n*uSirca
nrrilor cuerili ale
ttji(tei
sovfticc.
studii
nnrniro sovi
ric r rvut, nrcernnd c anul 1950, monird ds . coDsitui
princillrltrl
tbshmcr! prii crra Acddcfrb R. Ir. R sil
loxtn1fuducc
nr rrpl i'rdN-
Ccn1lil
rl Prrtidului Mtrncitorsc nonnn ctr
insu'iii taltznrilor
triistci
turielice tlc cihe
odenii nosiri de
stibti liha
bnna d.svoltue a
triintci
n'
lfr
rbrri dc 200 c.i
InlcF,
vaso
Foscikrri.
llai nsnlionin,
nrsfart de ccle de m.r sns, o D1re
r,rrn,iutr.lic.oqlicrle,
Q: srnDsui,
nrFni H{ia1c
d!
rric
ln.mdi.cJ
nasini dc rccrifica!.
Pcnrn
4rkuliurl
inrfarn dc conbik,
uF v:x
'
3ju
!
r, r:
t r . Dbd_1
^
oe n
-
s
.
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.
,
rlr:r
$c
s.mr dc ac.* fRg
5c cotrdn.. d?n
^sri.r.li'r.'nd
sanx dc faptut cn plJDnr
d. rciivitxle xl a.r.emici
di rt!rri-" d.!:ebnn
rhnurri
dc erechiricare r
lirii,
INiitntrl ,rmei?n
xlici nr !c prjv.rlo rrtc.iarxr stin4irk
\\'i.r c, pril c.nJcrnrt.,
rn
irrlii, crisle dc imd,roDi. lrlEdorii liblio
r.'arice,
oNurir{ii rribrhsrric, lc. Do.uncfhr.r va ir.rrli sii cLLprindii
rrLirrl.
...: insirlrra
{
pnqcr nr fiDcttunc dc c. rxh cl.ctic. n.i
.o,xhdirex do bxraj.
.ice,.hciriIn3'cr rtrrdi, nrtr
cortDIe. l.losi'ra air.lor, nigrlii
ti
prc\ctrne. nrurd:!ilor, plev.,irci si
a hilllilor
li
r ra8iuilor iisrhbre, ciih
x, ral.riJiczrca nh.r Doi b3gn$ iulaIP
lina
$ijit ci in d.ncninl stii4.l.r nerlimlc
rrrNl
de .dirjirrc rl
-{crdehici
p'eredc ftdhmfca mncii
91iin!ifi!e
rs
drunnr rL:3rris de iNntitura nrrcrLri Palrov reulrln dc ltci ncnru
il.acer.
sxle o cft n,i
&i rd ],sul.!, cx 3i inDu studiiror e
e hc xo'n n' U R. S S.
teRfi'
allicar.r nivirirtllii l!'i rrdov irr rtilcr
rjitrri d. c$cei3l
eijiniilicl,
ca si
lonru
dcsv.ltrtr mxi drprrt. 3
n ale s.cie6tilor siiintirica sre so.j'tilti
ronru
nnsFdndie2
siinrtei ti
cnltnrii di| n.P.R
rlanl n1s1ru va lFhui sii ov il
ii
mijl.rc. dc
'nlnDrrc
,
!trbri
cuhi sorieiic
ri
r 4lui diD celelatc iirj.ls den.osiio ppul.rii.sdp.!
(iiriiitii
{in'!rie din R? R
.
sc vr imtnrli
L,ric..
duIn cuq nrmcu:L:
ftij,te
leniict,
iiiinrc
dje
'rlurii,
slii'4c
ne
,lirro ilin,lc so.ial4. La riDdur
r$nfa 13 Ii .irtxr dc onisiunr
_stiji
e slxmi, c! xri2 cirorr s. vor nrlocdi
rtro:rx
lr Ccl,rilnccri. dc n.iir,,+!ripun;icc a. dilrzrr! rlndteriLr
ror orgrnizr ii reld urnnior: tuolcriile
,
'.
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"',,
':,
so.lintb d. shriu airlti:'1.
Ic
bzi dc roft$b urmrlc de disorlii
i.*"--..*" a:' t.-." *.ui! da stiirlai prolreni' de spcciaritalc
'1
"lou
r
" l
uor ltrcrii.i ilsrs:lrit
d.slaiur$ca nnor dcsb'icri
rc.nc m ir.stil
n$t
Drn.
id mrn
b!rx,! cu atc l'slibrii stiiiliric.
it!1urui urmnrelstc scopul de r rjuti
celni c. riudiizi
Fr.ilene
ddcrnilrte
-
ercclliior' nudert
'tc'
-
prtb
rc.a.1. s. rcartcrzi c xiLtorlr
/tiscrf
t d'..
,.,"".;,
'
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-
a"-"-r,il.
t,'
".*t
,n.
rinn
b d:a dc 1 iurt 1elsi
'sxsb
nrdrlitaica orgrnizirii de c'nsulblii
crrc si
l" * t'-r,-" *-. ra bibltu::mria s.rictici dsr sn d4 si iDdrlniri
Ii
tl
nri mnh sporil'
-r,
.iii-* r-";i .
".'r
n'
i-'*r rtt" u"a*";t-
"r.
ristr ci*lor stiin
-"i't.
*tr"rt"i"" t,"ttr,t ,t .i ,,ostn,,
Dr
o.nn
ti
in gcrer3\ nrrorm'rri
de t'xdtrc.ri cl..1xr1.
tndm ,lvisiclor
:qiijdiificc
nr institul ;'iocnjrcd
si
iinrard un.r i?r.rt.Iii r,ibll.
""t ",-. "*-tL
p-u"."
;tii,niric.
dc d!.sctiln
i
Frtroii
'1c
c.lrboririi .u c'rlll3lt
tfliL rl R inijro Slrinlc isi vr Nut.a. i t xlt.l'_ nnl)rnitxli nLuirn
d. d.or.nrxrc .rs3iizind e?i
rNriirte si crre lip#ic 13 r.i
r" sft$it psrr! r sisxE eDrinujrstca si urseDla intona{iei x.u
LU. rD_in ,
.r
,ni
l-&duco.ite vor lrcrrri
!i li. ir .lnitrle mutr nxi n3r. dc.ri n)
rr tnnftcl. bus.tutui sirliiit
de
prezjdirt
r\*tuni!j. rn*ilui.le tca
drdiei vor
frini srdtuir
ijndu
r)rrr:i cc 2c!rsrx.
rr.ltr.di !r arca h lcdcs
j".'"1
'
.
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ti,or
stiiDliricc ar. rNriluturui
nisin si ar. .!rrrl:1rc rnsrjidj
jj
,rrii,rtiri.c
rn .c
ryireiio
djnu 4 rr!dm3ljr,,r,
Furrricll
rv.3 ra dis!dz(:3
a) \'1
rut.2
consulla si iqllmia c.pii auli 1r3lu.cri,
la B:lLo
t) sD rf nnocDi caiele da tfidnceri rilirjrc. irr Bibtiot..r Atr:tchr
r'mj S.".
s.ort."r, !
:"....
".
jt"
esar !.Ii n.i nic
(din
$& uiel. nnmai pentra n
dituzr nr risl ntiile i(r.r.sirc ai in Eibtiolcci14 de sr!cirtiLrrcr.
In rccr
s.o!, Itrsriinrul iii
ya
idiinJr o lilogrxtic
I
r.rrie
crjctclc d. rduccri, tjpnrftc san li!1rrdiato, yor
cnprinde ticcrE,
'''"'''".',"'""'
d) Lr c.rcr. s vor cxFedi. .opii drcritogufirlc saL ljtoslfiric,
r'\
rrrjvirlr
diluzi'ii tmducerror, sar.ii. ilrsl}i va rj dc a srjmuls
e{cilu nxlcrirlurui hadusi iD ..csi 6cop lon inlocni cvnGnF crt
lrri coDl,lLi; r
din stijrla so eticn por fi
senfi.c desp& nrrerrrttrl rrrdN in dome-
o
?rclnprE
slecialn va ri aea in hgiru.i d xrf{i3 tn linbs
mmini r utror Iucdri y'nnlitke
import.nrc
!nrn
htoria
iriinlei,
m
r ri de
Fildli
alerelc uno. L.noncsv, Botchh,
lolcorschi,
P.pov, .1d,
drc scol in 4idenli
p,i.ril.tda
itiinlei
s.: nnor lnc.iri de orionlr!
tsrli.i lundrnenkri, o de pilda oFcrclc lui fimiirzev. ui.inrin.
Prvl.v, Lisncoj u(or lu$ili
-siiirlirica
de dmseliti lnsdnnni.r.
Ianth
proercsd siiinlci. o lnclirilc rui Bimv, Lcperinscaiai luclnril: la!E8.
lror rpltrji]or
sislii
lj.trtu
sfintii nnor lxscb.lq ctr natoial al.s dupi
arii EnocloFdji Sovictice,
pc nnturi c.
lsemener hcdfi badus. de ltr*jt t
!c
brza alrcrriii Prezididlui
^cldemici
R. !. n, nnori si arri ir Editnra A.rdcniii R. P.R,
Inrftri de rcla r, coDslltl
labljcnl rlii,rli:ic
in geDc$I, Iisu
tntnl !a
lrcpune
Edjiu,ii Ce Strt si Edihtii
,,ca
ei Fus!- mhlorarcr
ln vederr ini..nilii nroqrdclor
dc cdittre ln @ea ce
rrrircslc alir.tr
iarietici lc.st
Urane
um.:zn si cdlrindt iradtrccd dc:
.) l,lclnri slii'riili.c .urcntci
t)
'^ilrs
{iirtilic. ro. . nec$re inviilini,ntnlui uivcisit r
(d.
pildi xilas r!xt.ni., circlrxlor, clc.)i
,
Ctrhn.ri
ri.ntr'u lrnbllcul
lr1g, din cksicii slinrtei nN
ti
sovtele;
' e
t
3r"
Ao.rrDDl
lnblidtiild
r. tr.Ltri si ri.
jn$ositi1,
lnnndtrre
:cami
de oiiica
j$ri rd'rii rclL,alrlui p.oga
Asucl lrh.izn s:i rlarit n r in3lc d! Pad r!.sic rsr]] olog ie, llj
rtr.i mrtDrialur d. rri.,lolie d4 cll g.osrafic
ti
Feor <i.
IicirM si a.Ii sqil de Bi.lrgi.liii,:t. xxrlnlc si sc a cco
sr.li.
col.sie. rnblc.rirLi lr it un hnii nhRi, d! 3semene., si
Lc.lonie Dt!t, Silvhdlturt, 1'
inl.rrrl de d.rn hni.
jn
l.c dc lr.i luni cil da
Iirii
an's
,Inatde Etudn s.tri.ti.2 $r trtni inbuiiltliie
in nai mxr. ,-6tr$ dD.i,t in ttcui de liiii d. de @Eltxr xld A.i'
circinal 5i
rl. plahrhi d. .lcchifiuE
Ele 1rr ir.ldi s:isi inbrnriafasdi
'.dtu
conltutrul
rrrjn
srre'scrcl
lesiruri|n o! ci1i1.rij.I,iD corsr,'tuni Irftriulila rii$ilicc,
Flir
ru
brici de c.r$.ndcr-ta d r./st.r, cu c,li1orii id ceteEl cle r3r rrclui
si cunoaci
Blsnl
u ar vi.lii stinltilice diii
talii,
sDre r r:ispunde 13
tin]) Ir
p)Dblcnele ca sc ivesc.
Pc n.rxti lini.. l,rrers rcl irbni sn lchLdez
tL
gres?la dc a nd
Iistihtul va ciuir sn st?tjkrscn bgitld organizale, pmancntc,
cu red:ctiilc luld.r rrisiclor
thinljricc
c..e apr iD
trn, Pcnha
3 L
pul.r rtDriziona.u natcristul 1rldueri, dnri de
$rda" iiron4ii: o xientic decscbitn rnneazn r fi drtn cohborirn
^
iaA"ord
nq!,,.r'r1.
.
io.
'
itii'9irice
si rczcnr cdsvr
lagine
to,irlulut ce
Dirprgudn
rsnrra d.crnenriii
tliinlitice
sovisric. cxre
b v! 11 linis dg rNriioi
Ii'
'nal.r!
Da.srre ei cu sprob!&a rcd..rijloi respccrive
aliD Eytu1c
ttinrriri@
von
lubli.a
conr*inletu
!
lnbljNrtrr.
si, rnai .l!s. c,rrdi!.tor
srjirrili.., nrlrequl ajnior decoe iccna!u arur neyojc. dsiorjri rrlh !i
,u.. .. i
srr , .,1
.r
rru04 rruzenlui R0nriM.Ru! iEtra
sn aibi si e.. blza
q!
!!rtl
,iri.r'rgi dftit
l'ni
rcnn rruzarr
!.$rii
n fto;rcmenr
h t! iD
i"su e de specatisri.
Dd obicdd. uz.dtui _-
.xE ihrlrerzi !.tev,
:r"rl"
,
'
i . .!r
nijroacdor otris.r e cc pirtasrici
rrlrti car
mai iDtesi d(iit ni rrNl ,
nrterirhhi e!ns, p.tu slinut.r er nrbhririi de nolrxjrj amlr n.re
rjxrdli *!ns, d. lucriri
L*nrn
I\rbuc lichidain si dericGnta c
si fotoslisci Dnui
tu
iculd
bncurtil. r. lrxisti
dochente
rrn1iolse
urneazi dcci, sn nn iinlirm rluzr nrn!tro RN. h 1asi. crrj
,j
rin|
soaF,
re
bazs lcmrtic.i NuTerrui dch Buturesii
ii
cxLr;rrd nr lieme
or8 lot c.tii dula nltelialut cc crisiii ir c.kirti. orar.
Ir cc
1rir'e5tc
reslul
lirii
in rc:r. .rlihhlc dc regjunL, u si fosl
rrrlmrc
o,
PkjL,r
rhi cc,
.ipircrc pi.se
ale rhu Nlni d:n Buc csti
e h.rddciiori s
st lc sliii{iri.e h..rrrc 3i ie
!
h.r)lcr.a
Dunimhr d. irad ciinfi srccjati,rli si dercrrtisrirrlcj so
vietcc. InstitutuL vr r rt in legnhrn cu rtrstiiutele de invnlanini 5u
!4,-dj-ro!-
rrc'l d ori
lleajie lclninolosci s.lijntilic. dnr donc ul EsPecliv dc specitlirxte
Dupd ternimrca siuCiilor s u i.igf3 3olallru?i rccstoB cu Instiiutd
jniilicn
dc specirlitxt''
6i ar n rD:siti],t
'o
mii sird?nlr.i Facuri:iliror
sriinJirioc
'dc
ddsc, dupi
icminatr sh'diirt, sli $ .ommr nrei ntrici redkliohxlD
si a.eiti stdd.itl vor li rjubli dD Inslirl ih cD
ii Fr'gninR
lor
I
mf'siDMr;
iomrx&n oxro,iLor de stiirtr aerpr. Dit.irii dalerirluld
iLiinlifi'
so'
vi.tic sn se faci n,
l. r.d lor & nrrcn _{oe'si3
ir dilerite In+iiuc, rl
Ixbri..t
rtriDelor, ct. str:]lisa cth!.nre o rlta
nN rJii, cr ,{.R.r,.u.s
smicinJne
ttjn4irice,
d re
vist.lc lor, v3 imlrog4i nijlsaclc de
]J.lxlutrre
Dh elc sDu*
IiLni
r.un. rczuri ci shr ih nnor shllrsc lasiturr
dc lrrzt xl nuicii n.artre
sn sc fil.Y:scl in comnn, to,tc rniitdcEl. dc d'cunqrtfe
si natedalul
d.cuneitxr,
Nhicntd ia rnbclc nErtulii.
rctivii.lca ir leihl tirii mn.
! n'fiin!.,
!'@um
si ir ol]b'r& d
ds rizxliirc rgidrre a.n.Lu.s. in ntd orarcror
Prirtilre.rir
i.rt
h cc
]rrn ile
l.ilslrlo, rnLrl t.estr ic rx nrriitrta J fnixln s lri:tu_
rrlui
l.ri i5.rr. si serld.s,olir n:i {tupxrlc fil rlle dcir lrt
i.i
cllr
Sarcnrlle lillrlclnr ror i n, rc'isl a'!
a.) vor orgRrnx.
piin
sNpere
r.r srli4ilie,
ddul ccl.r dii Btrcdtstii
,) vor rv.. sfrcini
brc s.cidnlilor
rrin{ircc,
cu AR.L.us. cu crldjrele nivefsit.Ie, eic;
,r vor dispnDe de lisie, cocnfrent.l sscnaniior c.rui dirr Bucdretrii
")
rfiir dcsotta niLrilrclr
lrolrie
ir a'l fel
jncti
si cr+rnrdi imt
cirtilD
ri
&ristctc stiiiLrticc svielid mre vnr in
larni
l)
v.r avca cile nn lturu Ronrno Rusi
q)
r,r cc
unEie
i, rcorncj vor
!N
resftun cu c.rb,ul din
jrua_
r" n,, { tn r. i , fL Ie4'!',Tl'.toro,,,,o-e-dt,
srllirirlelD se $l o.siniz: ii unctc dil contr.cte diD
t.Ie
utrdc func.
,rr.-.."
!- i
'
,' qn..
i ,J.-,,,...-!:rr:1rd"..q!.
omilr srdli'r, orio'a, crhli, Ts. rir.qs, Bein.
riccarc sflrlnli !a organi^ conlcriire
,i
rcrcrxre; va avca bibtiG
&ci, riii{n
rj
n5d4Ti, tolid
te
misdra ncv.ilor .c sc ro. siBlj ti
ca,lrul rcqr4tir.
conr.dnl.lc s
ccnrrct:io djn nucu
..
1-i,o,i
:
,
".;
'
' --
ruus n.ftd,", [rrd. xnd. eaisli ]nsrilutD de nrrtllinnDr prriof.
ui
D4a'r sn .Dtrrroriin
h iDfiiirrrer si snriiirirea pcrranarLi
a munc!
aest,r sa4n[i nr runctie de ncvoite lcmlc.
rrbncului
soli.ric si din
tirite
d. denDcfatie
!'.!nhrn
asupF
J'rcy..]e
cditir.a Lil(urli r nnor ,4n.h n,,nn.,c.fj.rn?, in tinbx rusi.
cale hri rrnn. trcritri orisi!xtc
llrrlicaro
n,
rr!s3
(i
xsbn
tlinrtiricii;
nrronrlii asutrx rdivil.ltii ]!.adenjci
t
n | ,"
1.,.
.{..,rJi.i
'
1"
'
ko. r''
rri iuirl bcrr!6 sit ajutc L inlc:rsilimrea tagrilurji.. dijt.ic ditrtle
sannrii narii si s.r?!tji solrrici \,.on ctur. s,i starrilin reEituri
9i
inirc snrnlji soricri.i
,i
rc,htcle nostF
'nijtriiric.llc''elorarilii
fcrlru x l.losi
ri
mii in de 3prDare Errijinnr
_si
extcrienJa pe care
sr'rtii svicti.i sDt iotd4r
dc ,idi va iDrjb iD
F6
o sc,ic de oheni de siiiti evi.rici r,a bnn!
" "",iir,,li"
rnrt-1,nin o rrin she nhe est r.cci ! srrriririi dc r.sn
tul cd {,d.(ii bminj lde i'rvr1i nr u n s s. i. ai! fel ca lr in
rlisitori
'rDcii
stiiilifie
"
^edrhhl
,rD .nutti :i, s.oii.D i[ cvrdolli ini,oft'di5
n iu rsitlu
rijinx rorshi.
l!r[tr ]x]r
martl, curtc?5lcret si robstar
j"
- 'r.
-.r
*-
-"""itd
a; a"-".1,1
)tinrbi
o stslilBta inh.
sitrdn.r ri
riift
iiir sr
$iiililicn
si stin4r soviticnlc
lhu
lc.rctic
ii rlndic
silbirird ! aonei.r bgnturi oI!3nici
c. rjrrin le iirilitrLtur utrer
rtrititi .. c.rccDti:
ii
jxstllm dicDtilrii
eriin
lilicc rnihr. nr m.ndr c3r mai clhke ilc rtr&iai
rtjirlliti.i
o r*
r inart
q'ad . n.liLtJr de
+in4i llost-
r,.i o{Lod.n,/i.o_ f..
\.,"..idcn
,",'
".
I
'
i
J
I |i'dln
dc nassi ne .arc rr cim| !.i x*ntofti
flrink
Doi ii
'puren
tlii4r
r+r,'rl i,r"r;t
"t
.q*.,r"' rirrDtrd
ninli
ron pc drnmd lmi t dc
$tiirrlr
sri.rti
l!']do
rilrerio dc srb nLgll
1n!!
,"tr
";
I l-r'.lU'1"*"r ,.'". :iit .risrcr{x
'lr'
lolodruL ri si iLrti
.
-.-,..,-n
i\li nr r.im.rc 7it
d" ril.rii 9ri4ii'c
tnuht. tudn rinttt\t \i
tat t)Ltit
.t si d.t r .ta tuIc.12
tat l;..i ri drrloiil}
!.
ollii siii ri!
'
nc eituf i
,nqfts
'lstii'i
x,r ntanne, ficilnd tnDten
t1
!ot;!r
hrn nr s
li
nntulrdt 1t rln ,Ntr de cttillrdt
\/,;
lt,, '
it:t$
,
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i