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Anemiile hipocrome
se caracterizeaz prin deficit de sintez i apoi de
stocare a Hb n eritroblati.
concentraia eritrocitar medie n Hb (CHEM)
sczut.
Anemii
hiposideremice
Anemii
hipersideremice
Metabolismul fierului
Metabolismul fierului este ntotdeauna un sistem nchis
Echilibrul dintre nevoile organismului n fier i aportul alimentar
este asigurat de o rat redus de absorbie a fierului.
n caz de necesiti crescute (sarcin, cretere) sau de pierderi
exagerate:
- rezervele de fier (ndeosebi de feritin) sunt rapid epuizate
- feritina plasmatic scade ca i fierul seric i
- apare hipocromia;
- mduva osoas i crete n mod compensator activitatea.
Transferina i feritina
Feritina
1000 mg
Transferina
3 mg
Saturaia transferinei
Fe
Tf Sat <45%
Colocalization of EEA1 and Rab5 with DMT1 in Caco-2 cells transiently transfected with
GFP-DMT1 after iron feeding and colocalization of Fe and apotransferrin with a
metalosensor
sarcina i alptarea;
absorbia deficitar de fier (aclorhidria prelungit, rezecii gastroduodenale, scurt-circuitri duodenale, boala Crohn, enteropatia
glutenic, boala Whipple, anomalii genetice).
Anemia feripriv
Anemia feripriv este ntotdeauna secundar!!!
apare ca urmare a scderii cantitii
de fier din organism:
fie prin pierderi crescute,
fie ca urmare a unor necesiti crescute
sau a unui aport redus de fier.
stadiu de anemie
feripriv manifest
alte manifestri:
- atrofia mucoasei nazale; sindrom pica
- deficiene imunitare favoriznd infeciile
- menoragii (prin atrofia mucoasei genitale)
- uneori tulburri neurologice
Depozite de Fe
Normal
Deficit
latent
normale
absente
An. feripriv
stadiul
iniial
absente
Anemie
feripriv
absente
Fe plasmatic (
g/dl)
80-120
< 80
< 80
< 50
60-100
< 12
< 12
< 12
20-60
35
< 16
< 16
PEL (
g/dl E)
< 100
30
> 100
> 100
Hb (g/dl)
> 12
> 12
> 12
< 12
absent
absente
absente
prezente
(100 %)
Hipocromia, microcitoza
Metabolismul fierului
sideremie mult sczut, sub 50 g/dl (N=100 g/dl) sau sub 7 mmol/l
(N=13-24 mmol/l)
Valori diagnostice
absent
peste 400 g/dl
sub 12 ng/ml
sub 16%
peste 70g/dl hematii
sub 80 fl
peste 9 mg/l
sub 13 g/dl la brbat
sub 12 g/dl la femeie
Hemoglobina
Diagnostic
Normal
Normal
Sczut
Normal
Lipsa rezervelor de Fe
Sczut
Sczut
Sczut
Dg. deficitului
de fier
Terapia oral
cu Fe
sub 20
Categoric
Rspuns favorabil
20-60
Posibil
Rspuns posibil
60-100
Rar
Rareori responsiv
peste 100
Exclus
Lips de rspuns
De reinut:
TALASEMIE
ANEMIE
FERIPRIV
ANEMIE
SIDEROBLASTIC
BOLI
CRONICE
Normal
Normale
Normal
Sczut
Crescute
Crescut
Sczut
Absente
Sczut
Sczut
Crescute
Crescut
Sczut
Crescute
Sczut
(60 - 100)
(100 - 200)
(< 60)
(> 120)
(< 60)
250 400
250 400
>400
250 400
< 250
CST (%)
20 60
50 60
< 16
20 60
< 20
Feritina (ng/ml)
60 100
60 100
< 12
>100
>100
< 100
< 100
>100
< 100
>100
< 3,5%
Crescut
Sczut
Sczut
Normal
Masa E
Rezerve Fe
Fe seric
(g/dl)
CTLF (g/dl)
PEL (g/dl E)
Hb A2
2. Infecii cronice
3. Boli inflamatorii
cronice neinfecioase:
4. Neoplazii:
- carcinoame
metastatice;
maligne (limfoame, leucemii).
5. Malnutriia proteic
hemopatii
Anemiile sideroblastice
Tipul anemiei
A. EREDITARE
1. Cu transmitere legat
de sex
2. Cu transmitere
autosomal recesiv
B. DOBNDITE
1.Idiopatic
2. Secundare
- intoxicaii
- droguri
- boli inflamatorii i
neoplazii
Cauze; caracteristici
nosologice
Deficit de delta-aminolevulinsintetaz
i
coproporfirinogen-oxidaz
Tratament
Corectare parial prin
administrare de vitamina
B6
Deficit de delta-aminolevulinsintetaz
Boal a celulei stem
pluripotente; form a SMD
- saturnism; alcoolism
- cloramfenicol, HIN,
melphalan, azotiperit
- neoplasme
viscerale,
colagenoze,
hemopatii
maligne,
porfirii,
tireotoxicoz
- anemii hemolitice.
nlturarea cauzei i
tratamentul condiiei
etiologice.
nlturarea cauzei i
tratamentul condiiei
etiologice
Hipocromie i microcitoz n SP
Hipocromie i anulocitoz n SP
Insula eritroblastic - MO
Sideroblastic Anaemia
Diagnosis
Complete blood count
Erythrocyte hypochromia and microcytosis
the degree of which roughly parallels the
severity of the anaemia
In more anaemic patients, marked variation in
RBC size and shape and occasional
siderocytes are prominent
Iron studies
Increased serum transferrin saturation
Reduced transferrin
Increased serum ferritin levels
Increase in marrow reticuloendothelial iron
Bottomley S. Clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of the sideroblastic anemias. May 2007.
Available at: http://patients.uptodate.com
Reproduced with permission from: Bottomley S. Clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of the
sideroblastic anemias. In: UpToDate, Rose BD, ed, UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2007. Copyright 2007
UpToDate, Inc. For more information visit www.uptodate.com.
18
Preparate de fier
Cu administrare oral:
- Glubifer (glutamat feros) drg 100 mg (cu 21-22% Fe)
- Ferrogradumet, Tardiferon (sulfat feros) , compr retard 105 mg
(cu 20% Fe)
- Ferglurom (gluconat feros) fiole buvabile (12 i 24 Fe/fiol)
- Ferronat, Ferrum Hausmann (fumarat feros) - sirop 50 mg Fe/5ml
- Fer-sol (ferocolinat) , sol uz intern 200 mg Fe/ml
Cu administrare parenteral:
- Fier polimaltozat (Dextriferon) , fiole 100 mg/2 ml
- Jectofer (Fe sorbitex), fiole 100 mg/2ml
- Venofer
Hemocromatoz
Interaciuni medicamentoase
Scad absorbia Fe:
- antiacidele
- blocanii H2
- cafeina
- produsele lactate
- colestiramina
- acidul citric
Fierul diminueaz
absorbia oral a
tetraciclinelor