TEHNOLOGIA SUDRII WIG(TIG)

7.1 -Principiul procedeului

WIG (TIG) =wolfram inert ga (t!ng"ten inert ga)
#rin$i%i!l %ro$e&e!l!i WIG $on"t' (n formarea !n!i ar$ ele$tri$ (ntre !n ele$tro& nef!i)il &in wolfram *i
metal!l &e "!&at+ Ar$!l ele$tri$, ele$tro&!l &e wolfram *i )aia &e metal to%it "!nt "!nt %rote-ate &e !n ga
inert+
#entr! realiarea $!"'t!rii, (n " ./../!.012 %a3i!l ar$!l!i "e intro&!$e &in lateral man!al "a!
me$aniat, metal &e a&ao" "!) form' &e "4rm' +La "!&!rile %e m!$5ie *i $! margini r'"fr4nte ,%ro$e&e!l
"e a%li$' f'r' material &e a&ao"+

7.2 - Avantaje i dezavantaje

1+.+6+ A7anta-e8
9"e "!&ea' ori$e metal "a! alia-, o)3in4n&!9"e $!"'t!ri $! gra& ri&i$at &e %!ritate
9ar$!l *i )aia &e "!&!r' "!nt 7ii)ile *i a"tfel "!&or!l %oate $ontrola %ro$e"!l
9 n! "e %ro&!$ "tro%iri *i ni$i (m%ro*$'ri &e metal
9 "e %oate "!&a (n ori$e %oi3ie
9 n! re!lt' g!r' ,&e$i n! e:i"t' %o"i)ilitatea intro&!$erii &e in$l!i!ni nemetali$e (n $!"'t!r'
9 &atorit' ga!l!i inert n! "e %ro&!$ mo&ifi$'ri $5imi$e (n metalele *i alia-ele "!&ate
9 "e realiea' "!&!ri &e mare fine3e (n$e%4n& &e la gro"imi ale ta)lelor &e 0,;mm
1+.+.+ Dea7anta-e<
9 e"te !n %ro$e&e! man!al *i $a !rmare $alitatea "!&!rii &e%in&e m!lt &e (n&em4narea "!&or!l!i %entr!
realiarea mi*$'rilor %i"tolet "4rm' *i &o'rii material!l!i &e a&ao" (n ra%ort $! forma (m)in'rii
9 7itee mi$i &e "!&are $are &!$ la o %ro&!$ti7itate "$'!t'
9 la materialele $! gro"imi mai mari &e =mm ,"e folo"e*te n!mai %entr! realiarea "trat!l!i &e r'&'$in'
!rm4n& $a $elelalte "trat!ri "' fie &e%!"e %rintr9!n %ro$e&e! mai %ro&!$ti7+
7.3 - Materiale folosite la sudare
a+ materialul de adaos9 "e alege (n f!n$3ie &e $om%oi3ia $5imi$' *i $ara$teri"ti$ile me$ani$e ale
metal!l!i &e )a' +La "!&area o3el!rilor (nalt aliate "a! alia-e "%e$iale ,material!l &e a&ao" "e
li7rea' o&at' $! material!l &e )a' "a! %entr! "!&are "e &e$!%ea' f(*ii &in a$e"ta +
)+ Electrozii de wolfram 9"e fa)ri$' "!) form' &e 7ergele $! &iametr!l &e 6>?mm *i l!ngimea &e
61@mm+
==
#entr! realiarea !nor "!&!ri &e )!n' $alitate, (n f!n$3ie &e nat!ra $!rent!l!i &e "!&are ,$a%'t!l ele$
tro&!l!i 7a a7ea forma <
9a"$!3it' la "!&area (n $!rent $ontin!! 8
9rot!n-it' la "!&area (n $!rent alternati78
c. azele de protec!ie9$ele
mai !tiliate gae la "!&area WIG
"!nt argon!l *i 5eli!l+
Gaele &e %rote$3ie "e tran"%ort'
*i "e "to$5ea' &e o)i$ei (n fa' gaoa"' (n )!telii "!) %re"i!ne+
Se re$oman&' a "e e7ita golirea $om%let' a )!teliilor, %entr! a "e e7ita %'tr!n&erea aer!l!i (n interior,
fa%t $e %oate %ro7o$a &egra&area ga!l!i la !m%lerea !rm'toare+
7." - #ipul curentului de sudare
Ar$!l ele$tri$ %oate fi alimentat (n $!rent $ontin!! %entr! "!&area o3el!rilor "a! $!rent alternati7 %entr!
"!&area al!mini!l!i *i alia-elor !*oare+ Se re$oman&' folo"irea %olarit'3ii &ire$te (%ol!l A 9 A la ele$tro&)
&eoare$e "e a"ig!r' o %'tr!n&ere mai )!n', l'3imea "!&!rii fiin& mai mi$' &atorit' $on$entr'rii mari &e
$'l&!r'+ N! "e re$oman&' folo"irea %olarit'3ii in7er"e (%ol!l ABCl a ele$tro&), &eoare$e $antitatea &e
$'l&!r' (n %ata ano&i$' $are "e formea' la ele$tro& e"te mare $on&!$4n& la &eteriorarea ra%i&' a
a$e"t!ia+ Da$' (n"' e"te ne$e"ar a$e"t l!$r! "e limitea' inten"itatea $!rent!l!i &e "!&are la 7alori mai
mi$i "a! "e m're*te &iametr!l ele$tro&!l!i &e wolfram+#'tr!n&erea (n $a!l "!&'rii $! %olaritate in7er"'
e"te mi$',l'3imea "!&!rii fiin& %rea mare+
La "!&area (n $!rent alternati7 !n&e %olaritatea $!rent!l!i "e "$5im)' &e @0 &e ori %e "e$!n&', "e
a"ig!r' o $!"'t!r' "!&at' a74n& o %'tr!n&ere *i l'3ime &e 7alori me&ii+
La "!&area (n $!rent alternati7 "e o)3ine o )!n' $!r'3ire a "!%rafe3ei &e o:ii+
7.$ - #e%nica sudarii

1+@+6+ #reg'tirea %entr! "!&are
O $on&i3ie e"en3ial' %entr! e:e$!tarea !nor "!&!ri &e $alitate %rin %ro$e&e!l WIG e"te a"ig!rarea (n
ona (m)in'rii a !nor "!%rafe3e %erfe$t $!r'3ate &e o:ii, !rme &e !lei *i alte im%!rit'3i+ A$ea"ta "e %oate
fa$e %rin %ro$e&ee $5imi$e (&egre"are) "a! me$ani$e( "a)lare, %rel!$r'ri me$ani$e, et$+)
s = 13 mm
r = 01,5 mm
r


1+@+.+ Re$oman&'ri %ri7in& "!&area
s D 8 mm
r = 23 mm
c = 12 mm

Amor"area ar$!l!i ele$tri$ "e fa$e %rin a%ro%ierea ele$tro&!l!i &e %ie"'+ La in"tala3iile &e "!&are $are
a! generatoare &e im%!l"!ri &e (nalt' fre$7en3' (HE), amor"area ar$!l!i "e %oate realia %rin a%ro%ierea
ele$tro&!l!i &e %ie"' , f'r' $onta$t +
D!%' $e ar$!l ele$tri$ a fo"t amor"at, %i"tolet!l "e men3ine fi: &ea"!%ra !n!i %!n$t al (m)in'rii %4n'
$4n& metal!l %ie"ei atinge tem%erat!ra &e to%ire+ A%oi %rin &e"$rierea !nor $er$!ri mi$i, ona to%it' "e 7a
m'ri *i (n$e%e &e%la"area %i"tolet!l!i $! o 7ite' &e a7an" $on7ena)il'
Fetal!l &e a&ao" "!) form' &e 7ergele "e intro&!$e (n ar$, %entr! a a"ig!ra !m%lerea ro"t!l!i+ E"te
ne$e"ar $a mi*$area &e intro&!$ere a "4rmei "' "e fa$' 3in4n& %ermanent $a%'t!l a$e"teia (n interior!l
-et!l!i &e argon (f'r' "' ating' ele$tro&!l &e wolfram), %entr! a "e e7ita o:i&area "4rmei *i a%ari3ia
%orilor (n $!"'t!r'+
Se 7a in"i"ta $! ar$!l ele$tri$ a"!%ra %!n$telor &e %ri&ere %entr! to%irea *i inglo)area a$e"tora (n )aia
&e "!&!r' *i realiarea !nei r'&'$ini $ore"%!n'toare+
#entr! a"ig!rarea !nei )!ne "ta)ilit'3i, ar$!l ele$tri$ "e 7a men3ine $4t mai "$!rt %o"i)il *i $! o l!ngime
$on"tant'+
La (n$etarea "!&'rii, &!%' "tingerea ar$!l!i ele$tri$, e"te ne$e"ar' men3inerea -et!l!i &e argon $$a+ 60
"e$!n&e %4na la "oli&ifi$area metal!l!i to%it %entr! a e7ita o:i&area )'ii+
Eormarea $raterelor la "f4r*it!l $!"'t!rii %oate fi e7itat' %rin re&!$erea a!tomat' a $!rent!l!i &e "!&are,
realiat' &e in"tala3ia &e "!&are+ Da$' in"tala3ia &e "!&are n! %ermite a$e"t l!$r!, la "f4r*it!l $!"'t!rii
"!&ate "e e:e$!t' o (ntoar$ere (na%oi %e o l!ngime &e 6@mm , &!%' $are ar$!l "e "tinge+
S!&area WIG a 3e7ilor "e %oate e:e$!ta (n toate %oi3iile &e "!&are Gn tim%!l "!&'rii $on&!$erea
(m4n!irea) %i"tolet!l!i *i a "4rmei %e (m)inare "e fa$e a"tfel (n$4t fa3' &e tangenta la 3ea7', ele$tro&!l &e
wolfram "' fie (n$linat la !n !ng5i &e 1@ H?0 iar "4rma &e "!&!r' "' fie (n$linat' la !n !ng5i &e
.0 9 ;0+

Eorma 74rf!l!i ele$tro&!l!i &e wolfram infl!ien3ea' "ta)ilitatea ar$!l!i ele$tri$ *i a&4n$imea &e
%'tr!n&ere (74rf a"$!3it = %'tr!n&ere )!n' ,74rf nea"$!3it = "!&!r' mai lat')+ I4rf!l ele$tro&!l!i &e
wolfram ie"e afar' &in &!a %i"tolet!l!i ;>=mm (n f!n$3ie &e &iametr!l ele$tro&!l!i *i &e nat!ra (m)in'rii +
1+@+;+ #arametrii &e "!&are
- diametrul s&rmei electrod H"e a&o%t' (n f!n$3ie &e gro"imea %ie"elor &e "!&at<
- intensitatea curentului de sudare H7aloarea $!rent!l!i &e "!&are "e alege (n f!n$3ie &e
&iametr!l ele$tro&!l!i &e wolfram+
Gro"ime
material
&e )a'
(mm)
Diametr!
ele$tro& &e
wofram
(mm)
Diametr!
"4rm' &e
"!&are
(mm)
Inten"itate $!rent &e
"!&are
I"
(A)
De)it &e ga
%entr! "!&are
(l J min )
De)it &e ga %entr!
%rote$3ia r'&'$inii ( K )
(l J min )
. 9; .,/ .9.,/ =@9?@ 6096. 19?
;,. 9 @ .,/ .,/ 109L0 6096. 19?
Se %oate !tilia argon *i %entr! %rote$3ia r'&'$inii (n $a!l !nor $erin3e &e $alitate &eo"e)ite, iar la
"!&area t!)!lat!rilor &in ino: "e folo"e*te %ern' &e argon o)ligatori! Etan*area 3e7ilor %entr! realiarea
%ernei &e argon, "e fa$e $! a-!tor!l &o%!rilor &e $a!$i!$ %re7'!te $! *t!3!ri %entr! intrarea *i ie*irea
ga!l!i, a"tfel (n$4t a$e"ta "' $ir$!le (n %ermanen3'+
#entr! "!&area la %oi3ie 7aloarea $!rent!l!i &e "!&are "e re&!$e $! 60>6@M+
La $!rent %rea mare ele$tro&!l &e wolfram "e "!%ra(n$'le*te *i "e 7or &e"%rin&e &in el %i$'t!ri fine
$are im%!rifi$' "!&!ra +Un $!rent e:agerat &e mare realiea' $!"'t!ri %late , $! "!%rafa3a a"%r' *i
!neori $! fi"!ri+
La $!rent %rea mi$ , ar$!l 7a C r't'$i N %e "!%rafa3a terminal' a ele$tro&!l!i *i "ta)ilitatea "e 7a
&imin!a+ Un $!rent %rea mi$ %ro&!$e o $!"'t!r' (ng!"t' *i 7'l!rit' +
-viteza de sudare 9 "e "ta)ile*te !rm'rin& formarea )'ii &e "!&!r'+
-de'itul de (az-"e alege (n f!n$3ie &e &iametr!l ele$tro&!l!i &e wolfram *i a &iametr!l!i "4rmei +

7.) -*nstala!ii de sudare +*

D!%' fel!l $!rent!l!i &e "!&are , in"tala3iile &e "!&are WIG "!nt realiate (n !rm'toarele 7ariante<
9 in"tala3ii &e "!&are (n $!rent $otin!!8
9 in"tala3ii &e "!&are (n $!rent alternati78
9 in"tala3ii &e "!&are !ni7er"ale, $are %ermit "!&area at4t (n $!rent $ontin!! $4t *i (n $!rent alternati7+
Gn f!n$3ie &e %!tere a$e"tea %ot fi %re7'!te "a! n! $! in"tala3ii &e r'$ire $! a%' (n $ir$!it (n$5i" a
%i"tolet!l!i+
In"tala3ia "e $om%!ne &in !rm'toarele %ar3i %rin$i%ale<
9"!r"a &e $!rent
9%i"tolet!l &e "!&are $! %a$5et!l &e $a)l!ri *i f!rt!n!ri &e leg't!r'
9reg!lator!l &e %re"i!ne $! &e)itmetr! %entr! )!telii &e Ar "a! %entr! re3ea