Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
2019
Pozitia pacientului
• Aspect omogen
MODIFICARI DE VOLUM
• Hipoplazii tiroidiene
• Agenezii tiroidiene
• Marire de volum a tiroidei
• Prezenta lobului piramidal
ARTEFACTE SI ERORI IN EXAMINARE
• Pseudonodularizarea
Lobulatia tiroidiana data de prezenta septurilor intratiroidiene poate sa dea falsa
impresie de “nodulizare”.
Prin rotirea sondei si vizualizarea in mai multe sectiuni se poate decela interuperea
brusca a septului si faptul ca nu exista un nodul (situatie frecvent inatalnita in tiroidita
autoimuna)
• Nodulul tiroidian
• Modificarea difuza a structurii tiroidiene
MODIFICARI DE STRUCTURA
• Nodul tiroidian
Leziune la nivelul tiroidei, ce poate fi individualizata
imagistic fata de restul parenchimului tiroidian
– Clasificare histopatologica:
• nodul coloid,
• nodul chistic
• noduli simpli (hiperplazie tiroidiana)
• nodul hiperplazic,
• nodul neoplazic
Caracteristici ale nodulilor
• Ecogenitate
• Structura:
– omogena sau neomogena
– Solida, mixta, chistica, spongiforma
• Forma
• Micro- sau macrocalcificari/imagini hiperecogene cu artefacte de reverberatie
– Microcalcificari
– Pseudocalcificari, artefacte “in coada de cometa”
– Macrocalcificari -“in coaja de ou”
- grosiere, intrerupte
• Margini/Halou
– Continuu, regulat, cu aceeasi grosime
– Intrerupt, de grosimi variabile, invadat
• Vascularizatie
• Dimensiuni
Ecogenitate
A. Nodul intens
hipoecogen (vezi
comparatia cu m.
sternotiroid cu asterisc;
B. Nodul hipoecogen
A. Nodul izoecogen
B. Nodul hiperecogen
Forma
Schematizare:
In LTD: forma rotunda, respectiv ovoidala
In LTS: forma ovalara mai mult inalta decat lata, sugestiva pentru malignitate
Calcificari si artefacte hiperecogene
Russ G, Bonnema S, J, Erdogan M, F, Durante C, Ngu R, Leenhardt L: European Thyroid Association Guidelines for Ultrasound Malignancy Risk Stratification of
Thyroid Nodules in Adults: The EU-TIRADS. Eur Thyroid J 2017;6:225-237. doi: 10.1159/000478927
EU-TIRADS 1 category refers to a US examination where no thyroid nodule is found.
EU-TIRADS 2 This category includes two patterns: pure/anechoic cysts (Fig. 1) and entirely
spongiform nodules (Fig. 2). They are considered benign.
Fig. 1.
EU-TIRADS 2: pure/anechoic cyst. Transverse (left) and longitudinal (right) planes.
Fig. 2.
EU-TIRADS 2: spongiform nodule. Transverse plane.
Russ G, Bonnema S, J, Erdogan M, F, Durante C, Ngu R, Leenhardt L: European Thyroid Association Guidelines for Ultrasound Malignancy Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules in Adults: The EU-TIRADS.
Eur Thyroid J 2017;6:225-237. doi: 10.1159/000478927
High-Risk Category (EU-TIRADS 5). Risk of malignancy: 26–87% .
Definition
Pattern. Nodules with at least 1 of the following high-risk features: non-oval shape, taller-
than-wide shape irregular margins, microcalcifications, and marked hypoechogenicity
Russ G, Bonnema S, J, Erdogan M, F, Durante C, Ngu R, Leenhardt L: European Thyroid Association Guidelines for Ultrasound Malignancy Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules in Adults: The EU-TIRADS. Eur
Thyroid J 2017;6:225-237. doi: 10.1159/000478927
Reguli in efectuarea ET
1. Cautati nodulii cu caracter de risc mare si descrieti-i; recomandati
FNAB daca > 10 mm
Russ G, Bonnema S, J, Erdogan M, F, Durante C, Ngu R, Leenhardt L: European Thyroid Association Guidelines for Ultrasound Malignancy Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules in Adults: The EU-TIRADS. Eur
Thyroid J 2017;6:225-237. doi: 10.1159/000478927
Aspecte particulare
Tiroidita autoimuna
Tiroidita Hashimoto:
A.Incidenta transversala:
tireomegalie cu aspect
hipoecogen, neomogen, cu
benzi hiperecogene (sageti)
B. Incidenta longitudinala a
LTS: micronoduli hipoecogeni
C. Vascularizatie crescuta in
modul eco-Doppler
Boala Graves-Basedow
Boala Graves:
Marire de volum difuza, hipervascularizatie
Tiroidita subacuta de Quervain’s
Sectiune
transversala
Sectiune
longitudinala