Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Biochimie metabolica
E-OH
Pi
PKA
PP
ADP
E-O-P
TAG-triacilgliceroli
AGL-acizi grasi liberi
H2O
TAG + 3 H2O
Glicerol + 3 AGL
In stare de inanitie
E-OH
E-O-P
AGL
Acetil CoA
NAD+
Glicerol 3-P
DHAP
Glucoza
R-CO~SCoA + AMP + PP
2 Pi
pirofosfataza
2 etape distincte:
R-COOH + ATP
R-CO~AMP + CoASH
R-CO~AMP + PP
R-CO~SCoA + AMP
2 izoenzime:
CAT -1 legata la membr mit externa, catalizeaza acilarea carnitinei
CAT-2 din matricea mitocondriala, catalizeaza dezacilarea Acil-carnitinei
Un defect genetic la nivelul CAT sau translocazei, o deficienta in carnitina gasit
la gemeni identici (dureri, crampe musculare din primele zile de viata; durerile
cresc in stare de inanitie, dupa un exercitiu fizic sustinut sau in cazul unei diete
bogate in grasimi). Normale: glicoliza, glicogenoliza, lipoliza TAG. Lipseste acid
gras CoA sintetaza activa fata de AG cu catena medie
CAT 1
CAT 2
Acyl CoA
H
Dehydrogenase
R-CH2 -C-C-COSCoA
R-CH2 -C=C-COSCoA
Reactiile 2-5 au
loc in mitocondrii
H H
H H
FAD
FADH2
L--Hydroxyacyl
CoA
Dehydrogenase
-Ketoacyl CoA
H
NADH
+ H+
CoASH
Thiolase
H2 O
3
Enoyl CoA Hydratase
R-CH2-CH2-CH2-COSCoA
H H
R-CH2 -C-C-COSCoA
R-CH2 -C-C-COSCoA
OH
NAD+
HO H
FAD
FADH2
NAD+
NADH
L--Hydroxyacyl CoA
CoASH
CH3CO~SCOA
5
R-CH2-COSCoA
R-CH2 -C-SCoA
O
CH3 -C-SCoA
O
7 cicluri de -oxidare
8 CH3COSCoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+
E-FAD
EFT-FADH2
E-FADH2
EFT-FAD
Fe3+-S
Fe2+-S
QH2
Q
transforma stereospecific:
trans-2-enoil
L-3-hidroxi-
cis-2-enoil
D-3-hidroxi-
dar si
Bilant
Palmitat + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ +7 H2O + 7 CoASH
8 Acetil CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH
7 3= 21 moli ATP
CTEM
9
-oxidarea acizilor grasi nesaturati
Ex.1. -oxidarea acidului palmitoleic 16:1 9cis
10
CH3-(CH2)5-CH=CH-(CH2)7-CO~SCoA
3 runde -oxidare
4
CH3-(CH2)5-CH=CH-CH2-CO~SCoA
cis-3-enoil SCoA
Enoil CoA izomeraza
4
cis -trans
Deplare dubla
legatura
CH3-(CH2)5-CH2-CH=CH-CO~SCoA
trans-2-enoil SCoA
-oxidare normala
10
Ex.2. -oxidarea acidului 18:2 6,9 all cis octadecadienoic
10
CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)4-CO~SCoA
2 runde -oxidare
3
CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CO~SCoA
Enoil CoA hidrataza
CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH-CH2-CO~SCoA
OH
3-D-hidroxi-enoil CoA
Epimeraza
3-L-hidroxi-enoil CoA
-oxidare normala
11
-tiolaza peroxizomala
12
-oxidarea la animale
CH3-(CH2)n-CH-COOH
CH3-(CH2)n-C-COOH
OH
CH3-(CH2)-COOH + CO2
-oxidarea la plante, seminte germinate
R-CH2-CH2-COOH
13-18 C
H2O2
H2O
E-FAD
O2
E-FADH2
NAD+
NADH
R-CH2-COOH
Acid gras Cn-1
R-CH2-CH2-OH
Alcool gras
plante ceruite
-oxidarea
13
Biochimie metabolica
Corpii cetonici
Acizi grasi
Corpi cetonici
2
Acetil CoA
Pir dehidrogenaza
c.Krebs
Oxalacetat
Piruvat
glicoliza
Pir carboxilaza
3
Glucoza
activare
inhibitie
Reactie totala
2 CH3-CO~SCoA + H2O
2 CoASH
CH3-CO-CH2-COOH
acetoacetat
Raportul
[-HO-butirat]/[acetoacetat] =
din sangele care paraseste ficatul
[NADH]/[NAD+]
mitocondrial
HEPATOCIT
Mitocondrie
Acizi grasi
-OXIDARE
SINTEZA CORPI CETONICI
-HO-butirat ` Acetoacetat ` HMG-CoA ` Acetoacetil CoA ` Acetil CoA
Ciclul Krebs
Citosol
SINTEZA COLESTEROL
GLUCONEOGENEZA
Glucoza
AmAcizi
9
Concept vechi corpii cetonici sunt deseuri metabolice
Concept actual corpii cetonici sunt combustibili metabolici, solubili
in apa, trec bariera sange-creier, au valoare energetic
similara acizilor grasi
-produsi in special de ficat, difuzeaza in sange, transportati la tesuturi extra-hepatice, utilizati de creier
in lipsa glucozei (inanitie) si a insulinei (diabet)
Ficatul nu poate utiliza corpii cetonici, nu are CoA transferaza !
Acetoacetat CoA transferaza Acetoacetil CoA -tiolaza 2 AcetilCoA! Krebs
succinil CoA
succinat
ATP
GTP + CoASH
ciclul Krebs
10
normal
3-5 mM
inanitie
20 mM
diabet
11
citosol
FAD
-HO-L
NAD+
CoA-SH
2 C - acetil
NADPH
-HO-D
NADPH
ACP-SH
2 C malonil
12
Acil coenzima A
13
OOC-CH2-CO~SCoA + ADP +P
La E.coli
1.Biotin carboxilaza
2.Transcarbomilaza
3.Proteina carrier a biotinei
E-carboxi-biotina + ADP + P1
Acetil~SACP + CoASH
Malonil~SACP + CoASH
Malonil SACP
CH3-CO-CH2-CO~SACP
3-oxoacil (acetoacetil) ACP
+ CO2 + ACP-SH
CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CO~SACP +NADP+
3-D-hidroxiacil ACP
14
15
CH3-CH=CH-CO~SACP
2-trans-enoil (crotonil) ACP
CH3-CH2-CH2-CO~SACP+NADP+
Palmitoil SACP +
+7CO2 + 14 NADP+
8. Hidroliza palmitoil SACP palmitoil tioesteraza (E7)
Palmitoil SACP + H2O
Palmitat + ACP-SH
16
Reactie totala:
8 Acetil CoA + 7 ATP + 14 NADPH+14 H+
Palmitat + 8 CoASH +
7 (ADP+Pi) + 14 NADP+
Mamifere
2400 kDa
260 kDa
66
17
E5
E1
E2
E3
E6
E7
E4
18
Gr. Fosfopantetenil 20
flexibila
contacteaza
toate situsurile
active si toate
substratele
19
ATP
CO2
20
Palmitoil
CoA
activa
Inactiva
E-OH
E-P
Partial activa
Acetil CoA
Malonil CoA
+
21
Citrat
Glucagon,epinefrina,
insulina
22
citosol
sinteza
-oxidare
R-COOH
Acetil CoA
R-CO-SCoA
Membrana interna
mitocondrie
CAT 1
R-CO-SCoA
Malonil CoA
c
[NADPH] mari inhiba 3-HO-D-acil
dehidrogenaza
[acetil CoA] mari inhiba -tiolaza
d
Control long term animale infometate, cu o dieta bogata in glucide, cu o dieta
saraca in lipide creste nivelul acetil CoA carboxilazei si a acid gras sintazei
23
24
25