Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Cuprins
2. Consideraii teoretice
Rugozitatea suprafeelor este definit ca fiind ansamblul neregularitilor ce formeaz
relieful suprafeei reale i a cror pas este relativ mic n raport cu adncimea lor. Rugozitatea
este caracterizat de neregularitile inerente procesului de producie, cauzate de factorii care
contribuie la prelucrarea suprafeei, cum ar fi achierea, ruperea i oboseala suprafeei.
Forma i dimensiunile neregularitilor sunt considerate abateri de ordinul III si IV (figura 1).
ameters
cording to (ISO
ISO4287).
4287De multe ori se utilizeaz linia medie
RSm
according
tolinia
ISOce4287
a profilului,
care este
mparte
profilul astfel nct n limitele lungimii de baz, suma ptratelor abaterilor profilului s fie
minim.
Ra Centre
abaterea
medie aritmetic a
line
profilului valoarea medie a
modulului abaterilor profilului fa de
linia medie. Este cel mai utilizat
parametru
de rugozitate. Acesta se
thmetical mean
deviation
hmetic mean roughness
value
from
calculeaz the
pe amounts
fiecareof alllungime de
s. Ra does not differentiate
between
peaks
and valleys
referin, lr.
Centre line
z1max,
ding to ISORvi4287
adncimea maxim a profilului distanta maxima dintre punctul
corespunztor celui mai adnc gol si
linia medie, n limitele lungimii de
referin;
Mittellinie
3URFACETEXTURESYMBOLS
4HERE ARE STANDARDS COVERING ALL ASPECTS OF SURFACE TEXTURE SPECIFICATION MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION 3URFACE
TEXTURE SYMBOLS AS USED ON ENGINEERING DRAWINGS ARE DEFINED IN )3/ Geometrical Product specifications
#HAPTER3URFACETEXTURE
2.1.(GPS).
Notarea
rugozitii
pe indesene
Indication
of surface texture
technical product documentation4HETABLESBELOWLISTTHEESSENTIALFEATURESOF
#HAPTER3URFACETEXTURE
THESYMBOLSUSEDANDTHEIRMEANINGSBUTTHESTANDARDSSHOULDBECONSULTEDFORADETAILEDWORKINGKNOWLEDGEOFTHIS
#HAPTER3URFACETEXTURE
Suprafeele, a cror rugozitate este indicat pe desenele de execuie, se consider c
EXTENSIVEASPECTOFENGINEERING
4HERE ARE STANDARDS COVERING ALL ASPECTS OF SURFACE TEXTURE SPECIFICATION MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION 3URFACE
3URFACETEXTURESYMBOLS
3URFACETEXTURESYMBOLS
3URFACETEXTURESYMBOLS
sunt n stare finit din punct
(GPS). Indication
ofUSED
surface
product
documentation4HETABLESBELOWLISTTHEESSENTIALFEATURESOF
TEXTURE
SYMBOLS AS
ENGINEERING
DRAWINGS
Geometrical
Product
ON texture
0in technical
8 ARE DEFINED
- IN )3/
#
2
0 specifications
TEXTURE
SYMBOLS
AS
USED
ON
ENGINEERING
DRAWINGS
ARE
DEFINED
IN
)3/
Geometrical
Product
specifications
0ARALLEL
!CROSS
#ROSSED
$IFFERENT
#ONCENTRIC
2ADIAL
.ON
DIRECTIONAL
THESYMBOLSUSEDANDTHEIRMEANINGSBUTTHESTANDARDSSHOULDBECONSULTEDFORADETAILEDWORKINGKNOWLEDGEOFTHIS
Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation4HETABLESBELOWLISTTHEESSENTIALFEATURESOF
decorativ.(GPS).
Simbolul
deofbaz
utilizat
pentru
indicarea
valorii rugozitii este prezentat tabelul
(GPS).
Indication
surface
texture
in
technical
product
documentation4HETABLESBELOWLISTTHEESSENTIALFEATURESOF
EXTENSIVEASPECTOFENGINEERING
THESYMBOLSUSEDANDTHEIRMEANINGSBUTTHESTANDARDSSHOULDBECONSULTEDFORADETAILEDWORKINGKNOWLEDGEOFTHIS
"ASICSYMBOL
THESYMBOLSUSEDANDTHEIRMEANINGSBUTTHESTANDARDSSHOULDBECONSULTEDFORADETAILEDWORKINGKNOWLEDGEOFTHIS
2 alturi fiind
prezentate
FORTHEPROJECTIONLEVELOFTHEVIEWINWHICHTHESYMBOLISENTERED
i alte variante posibile [CRI 04].
EXTENSIVEASPECTOFENGINEERING
$RAWINGSYMBOLS EXTENSIVEASPECTOFENGINEERING
%XAMPLES
-ATERIALREMOVALBY
$RAWINGSYMBOLS
0ARALLEL
MACHININGREQUIRED
$RAWINGSYMBOLS
Simbol de bazRz 5
"ASICSYMBOL
0!24
0!24
0!24
-ETROLOGICALCONCEPTS
-ETROLOGICALCONCEPTS
-ETROLOGICALCONCEPTS
A
B
C
E
X
"ASICSYMBOL
-ATERIALREMOVAL
"ASICSYMBOL
NOTPERMITTED
0ARALLEL
0ARALLEL
%XPLANATORYNOTES
0
8
#
2 Tabelul
0 2
!CROSS
#ROSSED
$IFFERENT
#ONCENTRIC
.ON
DIRECTIONAL
0
8
#
22ADIAL
0
.OMATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSINGISPERMITTEDRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC
!CROSS
#ROSSED
$IFFERENT
#ONCENTRIC
2ADIAL
.ON
DIRECTIONAL
0
8
#
2
0
2
PROFILERULEMEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMUPPERLIMIT
!CROSS
#ROSSED
$IFFERENT
#ONCENTRIC
2ADIAL
.ON
DIRECTIONAL
FORTHEPROJECTIONLEVELOFTHEVIEWINWHICHTHESYMBOLISENTERED
FORTHEPROJECTIONLEVELOFTHEVIEWINWHICHTHESYMBOLISENTERED
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILEMAXRULE
Rzmax 3%XAMPLES
%XPLANATORYNOTES
FORTHEPROJECTIONLEVELOFTHEVIEWINWHICHTHESYMBOLISENTERED
MAXIMUMMEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMUPPERLIMIT PROCESSINGALLOWANCE
-ATERIALREMOVALBY
Suprafa
prin ndeprtare
de material
0,2 obinut %XAMPLES
%XPLANATORYNOTES
MM
MACHININGREQUIRED
-ATERIALREMOVALBY
Rz 5
%XAMPLES
%XPLANATORYNOTES
.OMATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSINGISPERMITTEDRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC
4HESAMEFINISHFOR
MACHININGREQUIRED
-ATERIALREMOVALBY
2
PROFILERULEMEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMUPPERLIMIT
Rz 5
.OMATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSINGISPERMITTEDRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC
ALLSURFACES MACHININGREQUIRED
Rz3 4
Rz 5
2
PROFILERULEMEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMUPPERLIMIT
.OMATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSINGISPERMITTEDRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC
MACHININGLAY
MM
MAXIMUMMEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMUPPERLIMIT PROCESSINGALLOWANCE
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILEMAXRULE
NOTPERMITTED
Rz
5
Rzmax
3
0,2
MEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMARITHMETICALMEANROUGHNESSVALUEM
0OSITIONDBOTTOM
MM
MAXIMUMMEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMUPPERLIMIT PROCESSINGALLOWANCE
4HESAMEFINISHFOR
Ra
0,21
UPPERLIMIT MM
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILEEVALUATION
4HESAMEFINISHFOR
ALLSURFACES
Rz3 4
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILEEVALUATION
MUPPERLIMIT SURFACEGROOVESCONCENTRIC
ALLSURFACES
U
Rz
3
3YMBOLSDEFININGTHE
Rz3
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILERULE
4
b- alt cerin de Csuprafa;
x
a
MUPPERLIMIT SURFACEGROOVESCONCENTRIC
LENGTHCONSISTSOFSAMPLINGLENGTHSRULEMEANROUGHNESSDEPTH
3YMBOLSDEFININGTHE
DIRECTIONOFTHE
MEANROUGHNESSDEPTHBETWEENMLOWERLIMIT ANDMUPPERLIMIT
L
Rz
1
C
c- procesul de prelucrare(rectificare,
frzare, strunjire, acoperire elecrochimic, etc.);
e
dd b
MUPPERLIMIT SURFACEGROOVESCONCENTRIC
DIRECTIONOFTHE
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILERULE
3YMBOLSDEFININGTHE
MACHININGLAY
Rz 5orientarea
dsimbolul
care
indic
neregularitiilor;
d
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILERULE
MACHININGLAY
DIRECTIONOFTHE
MEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMARITHMETICALMEANROUGHNESSVALUEM
0OSITIONDBOTTOM
RzRa5 1
3URFACEROUGHNESSVALUEREQUIRED
d
e- dimensiunea
prelucrat;
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTICFORL
NOLCFILTER
MEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMARITHMETICALMEANROUGHNESSVALUEM
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILERULE
0OSITIONDBOTTOM
MACHININGLAY
UPPERLIMIT
S
Pt 25
Rz15
Ra
0
PROFILETRACELENGTHEQUALTOWORKPIECELENGTHRULETOTALHEIGHTOF
/THERSURFACEREQUIREMENT
UPPERLIMIT
MEANROUGHNESSDEPTHMARITHMETICALMEANROUGHNESSVALUEM
x- simbolul pentru indicarea
simplificat
n cazul n care spaiul este limitat
0OSITIONDBOTTOM
1
Ra
THEPRIMARYPROFILEMUPPERLIMIT
UPPERLIMIT
c
0RODUCTIONPROCESSEGTURNINGGRINDING
U Rz 3
c
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILERULE
x
a
CHROMEPLATING
U Rz 3
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILERULE
MEANROUGHNESSDEPTHBETWEENMLOWERLIMIT ANDMUPPERLIMIT
L-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSFILTERCHARACTERISTICSL
Rz 1
x
ac
LFLW MM
C
e
d b
0,8 - 25 / Wt 5 10 LURz
3YMBOLDEFININGTHEDIRECTIONOFTHE
Rz13
MEANROUGHNESSDEPTHBETWEENMLOWERLIMIT ANDMUPPERLIMIT
7
PROFILEEVALUATIONLENGTHCONSISTSOFSAMPLINGLENGTHS)NXLW
e x
d ba
MACHININGLAY
MEANROUGHNESSDEPTHBETWEENMLOWERLIMIT ANDMUPPERLIMIT
L Rz 1
CHROMEPLATING
C
0,8 - 25 / Wt 5 10 7
PROFILEEVALUATIONLENGTHCONSISTSOFSAMPLINGLENGTHS)NXLW
D 3YMBOLDEFININGTHEDIRECTIONOFTHE
MACHININGLAY
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSFILTERCHARACTERISTICSLC
LFLW MM
/ Wt 5 10 7
PROFILEEVALUATIONLENGTHCONSISTSOFSAMPLINGLENGTHS)NXLW
U Rsm 0,30,8 - 25
D MACHININGLAY
3YMBOLDEFININGTHEDIRECTIONOFTHE
MMRULETOTALHEIGHTOFTHEPROFILEMUPPERLIMIT
-ATERIAL
REMOVALPROCESSRULE
TRANSFERCHARACTERISTIC2
PROFILEMEANGROOVE
MACHININGLAY
LULRsm
WIDTHBETWEENMMLOWERLIMIT ANDMMUPPERLIMIT
L Rsm 0,1
Figura 2. Exemple
de
a%XPLANATIONOFTHEMEANINGRIGHT OFASIMPLIFIEDREFERENCELEFT WHEN
rugozitii pe desenul de execuie
yy
y y indicare
RzRz1010 %XPLANATIONOFTHEMEANINGRIGHT OFASIMPLIFIEDREFERENCELEFT WHEN
y
== y
=
SPACEISINSUFFICIENTFORAFULLDEFINITION
Rz 10 SPACEISINSUFFICIENTFORAFULLDEFINITION
%XPLANATIONOFTHEMEANINGRIGHT OFASIMPLIFIEDREFERENCELEFT WHEN
SPACEISINSUFFICIENTFORAFULLDEFINITION
53
21 1
+0,5
15 - 0,3
din corpul unitii de afiaj. Rezultatele obinute fiind afiate pe ecranul aparatului sau, cu
ajutorul soft-ului Tracesurf datele pot fi salvate pe un calculator.
-0
10 0,4
+0,5
23 - 0,4
+0,25
18 - 0,35
1.
20 0,8
14 0,3
+0,5
33 - 0,4
35 0,5
36 0,6
+0,3
48 - 0,2
Connect(figura 10).
3.
Frezare
Ra 0.8
= Rz 10
15 0,4
2.
10 0,4
(figura 9);
Desenat
Verificat
1:1
As.Dr.Ing.G. Pop
A4
P1-1
pe
0.8mm;
n cmpul Access o lungime de msurare de 4 ori mai mare dect lr,
facei click
pe 4L;
pe Gauss n cmpul
Filter;
n cmpul range se va selecta, prin click
, Metric.
10
11
12