Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
EDITORIAL
C
Arheologia
industrial
arta Patrimoniului Industrial2 refer la mrturiile, materiale sau repere
TICCIH - adoptat de TICCIH - imateriale, ale modului de via i internaionale i
contribuii
Comitetul Internaional pentru producie industrial, n evoluia lor romneti,
Conservarea Patrimoniului Industrial, la istoric. Interpretnd aceste mrturii din publicat n
congresul su de la Moscova/Nizhny punct de vedere economic, tehnologic, volumul
Patrimoniul
Tagil n 2003, reprezint un document arhitectural, arheologia industrial face, industrial al
de referin n domeniul relativ recent al n secolul al XXI-lea, un important pas Banatului
arheologiei industriale, aflndu-se la nainte, lund n considerare puternica Montan
valoare
captul unei evoluii continue n a doua semnificaie cultural3 a patrimoniului european i
jumtate a secolului al XX-lea, evoluie industrial ca element determinant al potenial de
mpletit deseori cu lupta pentru evoluiei societii umane. Politicile de integrare,
UAUIM,
recunoaterea legitimitii acestui nou protecie a patrimoniului in astzi cont Bucureti, 2005,
cmp de cercetare. de aceast semnificaie. Prin campanii ambele avnd-o
Prima utilizare a controversatului sistematice de inventariere (ca primi ca autor pe
subsemnata, n
termen de arheologie industrial pai indispensabili n protecia dorina de a
apare n Anglia anilor 50 ai secolului patrimoniului industrial) s-au putut oferi cititorilor
trecut, oficializarea sa fcndu-se apoi identifica tipurile de valori de un material de
sintez, ct mai
n 1959 de ctre Council for British patrimoniu industrial precum i riscurile exact i
Archaeology. Odat cu nfiinarea n la care acestea erau supuse, putndu-se cuprinztor.
1973 a TICCIH i, mai apoi, cu prima astfel lua deciziile necesare pentru 2. The Moscow
Charter for the
Recomandare n domeniu a Consiliului salvarea unor situri considerate semni- industrial
Europei (nr. 872 /1979) legitimitatea ficative i ameninate cu dispariia. Au heritage, 2003
domeniului este consolidat iar existat unele pierderi inevitabile, ns www.mnactec.c
om/TICCIH/
politicile de protecie a patrimoniului numeroase monumente au fost 3. Palmer,
ncep s se ocupe cu mai mult atenie recuperate, mai ales ncepnd cu anii 90 Marilyn,
de cercetarea i conservarea patrimo- i, odat cu recunoaterea internaional Neaverson,
Peter, Industrial
niului industrial. a importanei domeniului, mai multe Archaeology,
Chiar dac uneori termenul este situri industriale avnd valoare Principles and
nc contestat i chiar dac specialitii universal excepional au fost incluse practice,
Routlege,
domeniului au fost uneori mai n Lista Patrimoniului Mondial4. London, 2000,
preocupai de protecia imediat a Teritoriul Romniei este depozitar p. 15
patrimoniului industrial periclitat dect al unui patrimoniu industrial construit
4. vezi i http://
whc.unesco.org/
de fundamentarea teoretic a noii sau mobil remarcabil pentru sud-estul en/list/
discipline, arheologia industrial s-a European, datnd n principal din
impus ca domeniu interdisciplinar perioada secolelor al XVII-lea al XX-lea.
complex al crui arie de cercetare se Pe lng obiecte singulare valoroase,
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Revista muzeelor
T
Industrial
benefit of today and of the future
Heritage extract from the preamble of the Industrial Heritage Charter.
international
issues and
romanian he Industrial Heritage Charter2 material or immaterial traces of the
contribuition, TICCIH - adopted by TICCIH industrial society in its historical
published in The international committee for evolution and its research methods are
Patrimoniul the conservation of the industrial including the interpretation of these
industrial al
Banatului heritage, at its Moscow/Nizhny Tagil traces from economical, technological
Montan Congress in 2003represents a reference or architectural point of view and are
valoare document in the relatively new field of considering (by taking a step forward in
european i the industrial archaeology, at the end of the 21st century) their strong cultural
potenial de
integrare, a continuous evolution during the significance3 as an element of the
UAUIM, second half of the 20th century, often evolution of the human society.
Bucureti, combined with the struggle for its International heritage protection
2005, both recognition. strategies are now taking into account
signed by
myself, in The term industrial archaeology this significance. Through industrial
order to offer was first employed in England, in the heritage systematic inventory cam-
the readers a early 1950s and was then officially paigns (as first indispensable steps in its
larger study. accepted by the Council for British protection) types of industrial heritage
2. The
Moscow Archaeology. Once TICCIH was values as well as types of risks were
Charter for the founded in 1973 and the first Council of identified. This helped in taking
industrial Europe Recommendation in the field conservation decisions for significant
heritage, 2003 was adopted (no. 872/1979) the and endangered sites. Inevitable losses
-
www.mnactec. legitimacy of the discipline is were recorded, but also various sites
com/TICCIH/ consolidated and the heritage protection were recovered, particularly in the
3 Palmer, politics is beginning to pay attention to 1990s and, together with the
Marilyn, the research and conservation of the international recognition of the field,
Neaverson,
Peter, industrial heritage. several industrial heritage sites, having
Industrial Even if sometimes the term is still outstanding universal value, were
Archaeology, controversial and that, more than often, included in the UNESCOs World
Principles and the field specialists were more Heritage List4.
practice,
Routlege, concerned with the immediate heritage Romania still preserves industrial
London, 2000, protection than with the conceptual heritage objects of the past, from the
p. 15 definition of the field, industrial 17th to the 20th century, quite
4 archaeology proved itself as a new and remarkable for the south-eastern
http://whc.unes
co.org/en/list/ complex contemporary discipline. Its Europe. Besides singular sites of
main research area comprises the particular value (sometimes, still in
11
EDITORIAL
use), coherent samples of industrial the old buildings, considering this a too
development stages (pre-industrial, complicated and uncomfortable
manufacture, industrial, fin de sicle, process.
modern inter-bellum era) are still very The public support in preserving
present. After the war, the communist these industrial objects is very difficult
regime confiscated, but didnt destroy to obtain in Romania. Besides a
all these assets (unless for technological somewhat general lack of civic
reasons), with the intention of using reaction, people are still not receptive to
them for as long as possible, often with this particular subject - they rather
less than the minimum necessary consider the factory as a place of
maintenance works. Intensive industrial exploitation and they could hardly
development, often artificially and accept it in postcards, for example,
politically encouraged, gave birth to together with Romanias famous
huge new industrial sites (that painted medieval churches.
sometimes swallowed the former and However, on the other hand, some
smaller ones). Some of them were, soon of them are slowly becoming interested
after 1989, closed, creating important and choose sometimes to plead for
social problems and leaving behind preserving their industrial memory
immense derelict areas. (very recently a group of former
After 1989, the bad economic workers and engineers organized
situation of many industrial buildings themselves to fight for the Resita tall
owners made them either to abandon furnace that is facing an imminent
the heritage for being too expensive to demolition danger). Some of the
maintain, or to renovate it by low- industrial sites owners also started to
cost destructive methods, in order to see the potential of preserving the old
make an immediate profit. Due to buildings as being valuable for their
unawareness, inertia or lack of strategy, brand image and even decided to do
new buildings were preferred to old small factory museums.
ones, which were in need of more The legal protection of the
delicate restoration works, old industrial heritage is now ensured
machines were scrapped in the name of through two main laws regarding the
the renewing of the production movable and immovable heritage (2000
methods. This attitude was even more and respectively 2001). The law sets
dangerous for the big industrial sites both responsibilities and some (still
divided by the rushed privatization discreet) facilities for the heritage
process from the beginning of the 90s owners and for the ones willing to
these sites initial coherence will be soon invest in restoration works. According
impossible to read. Representing to the second one, regarding the
important percentages in our cities and protection of historic monuments, an
being now rather close to the city official list of historic monuments has
centres, these huge sites are seen as been established. Out of a total of
immense empty areas fit for new urban 29425 monuments ensembles and sites
developing. The investors are attracted in the list, a number of 716 are
by the good location of the property, but industrial or related to industry.
are not willing to invest in reconverting However the list has important
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Revista muzeelor