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⚫ M. tuberculosis
(bacilul Koch)
⚫ Infectia se poate
contacta prin:
- inhalare
- ingestie
- pe cale cutanata
- transplacentar
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=5517
Bacili Koch
Inflamatia tuberculoasa
Primul contact cu infectia tuberculoasa (primoinfectia
tuberculoasa) → complex primar tuberculos → instalarea
imunitatii celular mediata prin LF T.
Reactiile exudative
⚫ Foliculul tuberculos
(foliculul Köster sau granulomul
tuberculos):
- celule Langhans
- celule epitelioide,
dispuse radiar
- brau de limfocite
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=1246
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=4834
Reactiile alterative
Necroza de cazeificare
● Foliculii se largesc si au
tendinta de a conflua
● Celulele gigante si
epitelioide centrale →
pierdere contur si
colorabilitate nuclei →
fuzionare intr-o masa
omogena sau fin
granulara, eozinofila (nu
se mai recunosc siluetele
celulare - necroza
astructurata)
Necroza de cazeificare
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=4833
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=8937
Necroza cazeoasa
https://www.flickr.com/photos/pulmonary_pathology/sets/72157628501708923/with/6545187509/ 14
https://www.flickr.com/photos/pulmonary_pathology/sets/72157628501708923/with/6545187509/ 15
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=5515
16
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=1246
TBC
Leziunile macroscopice din inflamatia tuberculoasa
⚫ Leziuni circumscrise:
Tuberculul miliar:
- leziune rotunjita,1-2 mm diametru;
- culoare cenusiu-translucida (leziune recenta) sau cenusiu-galbuie (cu
necroza cazeoasa);
- conglomerat de foliculi tbc adeseori cu cazeificare centrala sau un
grup de alveole cu leziuni de alveolita macrofagica, cele din mijloc fiind
adesea necrozate cazeos.
Nodulul simplu: - mai mari decat tuberculul miliar (0.5-3cm)
Nodulul acinos (leziunea acinonodulara):
- reproduce forma si marimea unui acin pulmonar (aspect frunza de trifoi);
Tuberculomul:
- leziune nodulara (5-10 cm), aspect pseudotumoral
- zona centrala de necroza cazeoasa, inconjurata de TG specific
TBC miliara pulmonara
TBC miliara pulmonara http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=8849
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=8946 24
TBC miliara plaman
http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/File:Caseous_necrosis_Lung_1.jpg
Intestin – tuberculoza miliara
TBC miliara ficat
TBC miliara
Tuberculom
http://granuloma.homestead.com/files/gross_tb_ghon.jpg
tuberculom
http://granuloma.homestead.com/files/tb_gross_lung25.jpg
Tuberculom
https://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic- 32
fra.cfm?id=002809
https://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=8923
33
Leziunile macroscopice
din inflamatia tuberculoasa
⚫ Leziuni ulcerative:
Ulceratia tuberculoasa:
- Tegumente, mucoase
- Lipsa de substanta de forma neregulata, cu margini
anfractuoase si cu fundul granular acoperit de depozite
cazeoase.
- Microscopic: TG specific, cu zone de necroza cazeoasa
TBC piele
Leziunile macroscopice
din inflamatia tuberculoasa
⚫ Caverna tuberculoasa
In plamani:
- unica sau multipla
- localizata mai frecvent in lobii superiori
- evacuarea materialului cazeos se face de obicei printr-o
bronhie de drenaj - situata la polul inferior al cavernei
- cu timpul, peretii cavernei se fibrozeaza, devin netezi si
se pot chiar epiteliza prin alunecarea epiteliului bronhiolelor
terminale din vecinatate.
Caverna TBC
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=953
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=952
Caverna veche http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=2808
● In rinichi:
- in medulara prin drenarea cazeumului in pelvisul renal (pionefroza
tuberculoasa);
http://granuloma.homestead.com/TB_extrapulmonary_gross.html
Pionefroza TBC
TBC renal
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=811
●In tesutul osos: - scurgerea in spatiile tisulare vecine a
cazeumului ramolit dintr-o leziune tuberculoasa osoasa,
→ aparitia cavernei osoase si formarea abcesului rece
(nu se insoteste de reactiile inflamatorii acute ale
abcesului piogen)
http://granuloma.homestead.com/TB_extrapulmonary_gross.html
Leziunile macroscopice
din inflamatia tuberculoasa
Leziuni difuze
⚫ Pneumonia TBC
⚫ Bronhopneumonia TBC
⚫ Pleurezia TBC
⚫ Peritonita TBC
⚫ Pericardita TBC
⚫ Meningita TBC
Tbc pleura
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=864
Meningită TBC
https://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=008956 45
Tuberculoza primara
⚫ Complexul primar
tuberculos Ranke
● afectul primar
● limfangita de legatura
● adenopatia hilara
Afectul primar
https://peir.path.uab.edu/library/picture.php?/10097/search/311
Afectul primar
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=3208
52
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=4007 53
Epididimita TBC
http://granuloma.homestead.com/TB_extrapulmonary_gross.html
TBC articular
TBC uter
TBC endometrial
TBC ovar
Tuberculoza pulmonara secundara
⚫ Rezultatul
- reactivarea leziunilor TBC primara
- mult mai rar, reinfectie exogena
- TBC infiltrativ-cazeoasa
- TBC ulcero-cazeoasa
- TBC fibro-cavitara
- TBC fibro-nodulara
http://www.pathologyscotland.org/download/scotland_malawi_project/respiratory/respiratory.pdf
Inflamatia sifilitica
⚫ Agent cauzal Treponema
pallidum
- microscopie in camp
intunecat
- imunofluorescenta
- impregnare argentica
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=010501
⚫ Cai de transmitere:
- cutanat
- transplacentar
- cale sanguina
Treponema pallidum:
camp intunecat,
impregnare argentica
Se diferentiaza:
Sifilisul castigat
- stadiul primar - sancrul sifilitic
- adenopatia satelita
- stadiul tertiar
- leziuni nodulare: gomele
- leziuni difuze: vasculare, nervoase
Sifilisul congenital
- fetal
- infantil
- tardiv
Sifilisul castigat
- infectia se produce de obicei prin contact direct;
Sancru sifilitic
Sancru sifilitic
http://www.bellflowerclinic.org/stdbasics/stdimages.php?std=Syphilis&image=3
Sancru sifilitic
Microscopic:
- dermul periulceros –
bogat infiltrat LF-P dispus
predominant perivascular;
-endotelita proliferativa;
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/getpic-fra.cfm?id=6453
Sifilisul secundar
⚫ micropoliadenopatie generalizata
http://www.pathguy.com/sol/25541.jpg
http://www.pathguy.com/sol/14268.jpg http://info.fujita-hu.ac.jp/~tsutsumi/photo/photo166-6.htm
http://www.pathguy.com/sol/14271.jpg
http://sabarnimicrobiology.blogspot.ro/
http://diagnosisdude.com/about-2/xtracontent/syphilis-some-manifestations/
Sifilis secundar papule http://morallowground.com/wp-content/uploads/syphilis-e1300226713935.jpg
Condiloma lata
Condiloame rectale
http://diagnosisdude.com/about-2/xtracontent/syphilis-some-manifestations/
http://www.sfcityclinic.org/stdbasics/stdimages.asp?std=Syphilis&image=7
Condiloame anale
Sifilisul secundar
https://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=007000 https://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=007001
80
https://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=007002 81
Sifilisul tertiar
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1313142
4 stadii:
Goma sifilitica
http://www.huidziekten.nl/afbeeldingen/soa/lues-III-1.jpg
Sifilis tertiar
Leziuni difuze
https://peir.path.uab.edu/library/picture.php?/1187/search/383 88
Leziunile sistemului nervos central
(neurosifilisul):
Leziuni meningovasculare:
http://oxhoft.tumblr.com/post/27154854242/an-extreme-example-of-tertiary-syphilis
http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/Syphilis-and-trachoma.html
Sifilisul congenital
Sifilisul fetal
Survine in prima sarcina dupa infectia primara:
- moartea intrauterina a fatului
(fat macerat, cu tegumentele edematiate si detasandu-se usor la atingere)
- sau imediat dupa nastere
Fatul prezinta leziuni tegumentare buloase sau ulcerative extinse, fibroza
difuza in plamani (pneumonia alba), ficat (ficatul silex), pancreas si microgome
cu localizari variate
Sifilisul infantil
- afecteaza sarcinile ulterioare
se manifesta in primii 2 ani de viata ai copilului:
fisuri sau ragade peribucale, perinazale,
osteocondrite, periostite, nas in “sa”,
hepatite sifilitice cu icter, splenomegalie
Sifilisul tardiv
⚫ Microscopic:
- granulomul actinomicotic,
- centrat de coloniile de Actynomices, inconjurate de PMN alterate
- in zona mijlocie - celule xantomatoase (HM incarcate cu lipide,
cu citoplasma spumoasa), macrofage de tip epitelioid si rare celule
gigante multinucleate.
- in zona periferica- tesut de granulatie nespecific.
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=915
98
http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/getpic-fra.cfm?id=916
99