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Ganglioni Bazali
Ganglioni Bazali
Ariile cortexului cerebral uman care sunt conectate cu nc caudat, putamen si striatul
ventral in vedere laterala (A) si mediala (B).
Conexiuni ale GB
pnas.org
Eferente ale GB
Eferentele GB
• Din GPi and SNpr – axoni catre NMC in cortex
si trunchiul cerebral
• GPi → nucleii ventral anterior / ventral lateral
talamus dorsal → NMC in ariile motorii ale
cortexului cerebral
• Bucla completa: cortex – GB – talamus – cortex
• SNpr → NMC in coliculul superior –
oculomotricitate (fara releu talamic)
Eferentele GB
• Sunt inhibitorii (GABA)
• Niveluri inalte de activitate spontana (in contrast
fata de neuronii medii ghimpati din zona de primire
de aferente)
• Previn miscarile involuntare prin inhibitia
talamusului si coliculilor superiori
• Cortexul excita putamenul care inhiba GPI care
inhiba talamusul care excita cortexul
• Sensul biologic: excitatia corticala inhiba actiunea
inhibitorie permanenta a Gpi numai atunci cand se
doreste o miscare (controlata) – efectul este de
dezinhibitie
Neurocircuitele GB – calea directa
fazic tonic
Cand ne miscam, cum o facem?
The pathological changes in certain neurological diseases provide insights about the function of
the basal ganglia. (A) Left: The midbrain from a patient with Parkinson's disease. The substantia
nigra (pigmented area) is largely absent in the region above the cerebral peduncles (arrows).
Right: The mesencephalon from a normal subject, showing intact substantia nigra (arrows). (B)
The size of the caudate and putamen (the striatum) (arrows) is dramatically reduced in patients
with Huntington's disease. (From Bradley et al., 1991.)