Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
-STRUCTURA, FUNCII-
Cuprins (R)
Clasificare glucidelor
nehidrolizabile
GLUCIDE
hidrolizabile
OZE =
MONOZAHARIDE
ALDOZE
TRIOZE
CETOZE
TETROZE
PENTOZE
HEXOZE
HEPTOZE
etc.
OZIDE
DIZAHARIDE
REDUCATOARE
ma ltoza
ce lobioza
la ctoza
NEREDUCATOARE
za ha roza
POLIZAHARIDE
HOMOPOLIZAHARIDE
glicoge n
a midon
ce luloza
HETEROPOLIZAHARIDE
glicoza minoglica ni
RECAPITULARE IZOMERIE
o
109 28'
O
O
HC
HC
Orientarea tetraedric a orbitalilor sp3
CHO
CHO
OH
H2 C
OH
D-gliceraldehida
H
HO
C
H 2C
H
OH
L-gliceraldehida
H
CH2-OH
OH
HO
CH2-OH
Seria D- a aldozelor*
O
H
OH
OH
D- Gliceraldehida
O
O
H
H
HO
H
OH
OH
H
H
H
D-Treoza
D- Eritroza
O
HO
H
H
OH
OH
OH
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
D-Aloza
HO
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
H
HO
H
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
D-Altroza
H
HO
H
H
OH
H
OH
OH
OH
D-Glucoza
HO
HO
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
D-Xiloza
D-Lixoza
OH HO
OH H
H HO
OH H
H
OH
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
D-Manoza
D-Guloza
D-Idoza
D-Galactoza
D-Taloza
HO
HO
H
OH
H
OH
OH
D-Arabinoza
OH
OH
D-Riboza
dextrogir?
OH
OH
O
Este D- glucoza
H
OH
H
H
OH
OH
H
H
HO
H
O
H
HO
HO
H
OH
H
H
OH
O
HO
HO
HO
H
H
H
H
OH
D-glucoza
PERECHI DE EPIMERI
HC O
HC OH
HO CH
HC OH
HC OH
H2C OH
D-glucoza
HC O
H O CH
H O CH
HC OH
HC OH
H 2C OH
HC O
HC OH
HO CH
HC OH
HC OH
H2C OH
HC O
HC OH
H O CH
H O CH
HC OH
H 2C OH
D-manoza
D-glucoza
D-Galactoza
DIASTEREOIZOMERI
HC O
HO CH
HO CH
HC OH
HC OH
H2C OH
D-manoza
HC O
HC OH
HO CH
HO CH
HC OH
H2C OH
D-Galactoza
Seria D a cetozelor*
O
piran
O
furan
10
X
W
W
Y
enantiomeri
identici
enantiomeri
11
HC
H
OH
HO
HC
HC
OH
HO
HO
OH
OH
OH
HO-H2C
OH
HO-H2C
H2C
OH
glucoza
OH
H
OH
H
OH
glucoza
epimer al glucozei
C
H
HO
HO
OH
OH
HO
OH
HO-H2C
OH
O
alfa- D- glucopiranoza
OH
H
OH
HO-H2C
OH
O
beta-D- glucopiranoza
12
OH
H
OH H
H
OH
OH
OH
H
HO
H
OH H
H
alfa- D- glucopiranoza
H
OH H
OH
OH
OH
H
OH
beta-D-glucopiranoza
OH
HO
O OH
OH
alfa-D- galactopiranoza
HO
H
OH H
O OH
H
H
OH
beta- D-galactopiranoza
OH
OH
OH
H
OH OH
HO
OH
H
H
O OH
H
OH OH
HO
H
H
H
alfa-D- manozpiranoza
beta-D- manozpiranoza
13
HO-H2C
CH2-OH
O
OH
HO-H2C
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
alfa-D-fructofuranoza
CH2-OH
OH
beta-D-fructofuranoza
14
Aminozaharuri
OH
O
HO
OH
OH
NH2
-D-galactozamina
OH
HO
OH
H
O H
HO
OH
OH
OH
NH-COCH3
-N-acetil-galactozamina
H
OH
O H
NH-SO3H
-N-sulfat-galactozamina
15
Acidul neuraminic
i derivatul lui NANA
COOH
CO
CH3
acidul piruvic
+
O
H 2N
HO
OH
OH
OH
manozamina
COOH
COOH
CO
CH2
CH2
OH
H2N
HO
H
H2N
COOH
OH
OH
CH 2
OH
H
OH
Ac-HN
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
acidul neuraminic
OH
OH
acidul N-acetil-neuraminic
NANA
*
16
Dezoxizaharuri
( OH nlocuit cu H)
Exemple:
beta-2-dezoxiriboza (ADN)
HO-H2C
OH
HO-H2C
OH
OH
OH OH
beta-D-riboza
beta-2-dezoxi-D-riboza
Stiind c 6-beta-L-fucoza
este 6-dezoxi-beta- Lgalactoza, scriei
structura corect
pornind de la structura
beta-D-galactopiranozei.
6-beta-L-fucoza (GP)
2-dezoxiglucoza (experimente)
17
Beta-L-fucoza
O
CH3 OH
HO
OH
OH
18
acizi aldonici
acizi uronici
COOH
OH
COOH
O
HO
OH
OH
OH
acid gluconic
acid aldonic
OH
OH
HO
OH
COOH
HO
OH
OH
OH
acid alfa-D-glucuronic
acid beta-L-iduronic
acizi uronici
21
GLICOZIDE
1. O-glicozide:
- dizaharide
- polizaharide
2. N-glicozide
22
Dizaharide reductoare
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
Maltoza
(
( -glucopiranozido-4- -glucopiranoza)
OH
OH
OH
HO
OH
O OH
O
OH
OH
HO
OH
Celobioza
OH
-glucopiranozido-(1-4)- -glucopiranoza)
OH
O
OH
O
O
OH
OH
OH
Lactoza
OH
23
MALTOZA
alfa-glucoza
alfa-glucoza
maltoza
Reacia de formare
a maltozei
24
OH
O
HO
OH
OH
HOH2C
O
HO
HO
CH2-OH
HO
25
N- Glicozide
NH2
N
N
N
N
HO
Legtura N-glicozidic
OH
OH
ADENOZINA
26
Amidonul
amiloza
OH
OH
O
OH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
amilopectina
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
CH2
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
27
GLICOGEN
28
GLICOGEN
29
CELULOZA
30
Digitalis lanata *
-sursa glicozidelor cardiotonice-
Mecanism de aciune:
Inhib Na+/K+ ATP-aza membranar
31
Glicozide cardiotonice *
Lanatozid C
Digoxin
32
Amigdalina *
-O-glicozid izolat din seminele de migdale amare-
TOXIC!
33
GLICOZAMINOGLICANI
34
...ali GAG
Glicozaminoglicanul
Dermatan-sulfat
Heparan sulfat
Keratan sulfat
Monoz ahari d I
Monozaharid II
Localizare
Acid
Dglucuronic
sau
acid L-iduronic
Acid
Dglucuronic
sau
acid L-iduronic
D-galactoza
N-Ac-galacto za mina
Piele,
snge,
inim, valve
N-Ac-gluco za mina
Artere, plmn i,
suprafaa
celulelor
Cart ilaj, cornee
N-A C
glucoza mina
Obs.
Mai
poate
conine
Dgalactoza min,
L-fucoz,
acid
sialic
35
Proteoglicani
structura general:
GAG(85-90%)-proteina (10-15%)
glicozaminoglican
trizaharid de legtur
proteina
NH
amino-
acid
zahar
uronic
Galactoza
Galactoza
xiloza
CH2
CH
CO
n
legtura O-glicozidic
36
Agregate de GAG
proteine de
legtur
condroitin-sulfat
acid hialuronic
37