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1.
Introducere
concurrent
chemoradiotherapy) . CCRT efectuat preoperator , tehnic ntrodus n ultimul
deceniu, ajut la conservarea sfincterului , scade riscul de recuren i poate
determina involuie tumoral. Datorit acestor avantaje CCRT a devenit gold
standardul n tratamentul LARC. Dei rata de success este intre 10-25%, mai mult
de o treime din pacieni fie nu rspund la tratament, fie prezint doar progrese
nesemnificative. Riscul de recuren sau de apariie a metastazelor rmne de
aproximativ 15-20% pentru LARC ce beneficiaz de CCRT preoperator.
Raspunsul tumoral la terapiile adjuvante nu este uniform. n cazul pacienilor care
nu rspund la tratamentul neoadjuvant, expunerea la radiaii care determin
alterarea AND-ului, administrarea medicamentelor care prezint numeroase efecte
adverse putea fi evitat, acetia putnd beneficia de tratament chirurgical precoce.
Cu alte cuvinte, identificarea unor biomarkeri care ar
anticipa raspunsul la
tratament al LARC ar avea o deosebit importan clinic.
Unele studii au ncercat s determine corelaia dintre expresia anumitor gene i
raspunsul la tramentul chimioterapic, radioterapic i la CCRT. Spre exemplu a fost
analizat implicarea timidin fosforilazei
( TYMP) i dihidropirimidin
dehidrogenazei n recurena i metastazarea cancerului colorectal (CRC colorectal
cancer) dup terapia postoperatorie cu 5-florouracil ( 5-FU). Supraexpresia genei
care codific TYMS se asociaz cu rezistena la tratamentul cu 5-FU , scade rata de
supravieuire i intervalul liber.
Acesta este primul studiu care ii propune s stabileasc raportul dintre diferii
biomarkeri genetici i rspunsul clinic la pacienii cu LARC tratai cu CCRT.
2. MATERIALE I METOD
2.1. Criterii de includere n studiu
n intervalul de timp noiembrie 2006- iunie 2011, au fost selectai 60 de pacieni cu
LARC ( T3/T4 sau orice stadiu clinic pozitiv N) localizat la 10 cm de marginea anal
i care au primit CCRT preoperatorie pe baz de 5-FU. nainte de includerea n
studiu s-a realizat anamneza, examenul clinic obiectiv, colonoscopie, biopsie
TK2
Blank Negative
-actin
Image
Response
DPYD TYMS TYMP TK1
TK2
Blank Negative
-actin
TK2
Blank Negative
-actin
Nonresponse
a
b
Reprezentare schematic a expresiei enzimatice i a patternurilor de expresie
genic la pacienii responsivi i non-responsivi. a) reprezentarea schematic a
expresiei enzimatice incluznd 5 gene int, o gen housekeeping (-actin), o gen
negative de control ( Negative) i un control blank ( Blank). Cele 5 gene int (DPYD,
TYMS, TYMP, TK1 i TK2). B) Aspectul biomarkerilor vizai la pacienii responsivi i
non-responsivi.
3.Rezultate
4. Discuii
Acest studiu si-a propus s depeasc etapa determinrii unui singur parametru
pentru stabilirea prognosticului i s ofere o imagine de ansamblu asupra expresiei
multigenice n evaluarea supravieuirii unui pacient cu cancer colorectal n stadiu
avansat.
n urma analizei amnunite a analizei
expresiei genice, aceti parametrii pot
stabili cu o sensibilitate de 89.7% si o
specificitate de 81% rspunsul la CCRT
bazat pe fluoropirimidine. Identificarea
factorilor predictivi este deosebit de
important n selectarea pacienilor care
pot
beneficia
de
tratamentul
neoadjuvant
i
pentru
a
evita
tratamentul
inadecvat
n
cazul
pacienilor
non-responsivi.
Supravieuirea medie a pacienilor
responsivi a fost de 47.01 luni iar cea a
grupului doi de 22.16 luni.
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