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Dokumen - Tips Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale 56972aac8fca9
Dokumen - Tips Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale 56972aac8fca9
TRAUMATISMELE
CRANIO-
CEREBRALE
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Introducere
2 milioane de persoane afectate an!
apro"imati# 2 $ din popula%ie
2&'(''' pacien%i interna%i anual )* &'$
necesit+
uren%+ inter#en%ie c,irurical+ de
Mortalitate 2'$
Mortalitate .'$ la pacien%ii cu /CS 0-&
Importan%a 1
-standardiarea e#alu+rii pacien%ilor
cu TCC 3/CS4
tratamentului
-c,irurical
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traumatism cranio-
cere5ral
Evaluarea
clinică
- Tensiune
arterială
Indicație
de CT
generală - Puls toraco-
- Respirații abdominal,
- Evaluare clinică echografe
toraco - SE
ST"(I!ES
abdominală TE
(I!")*+!
I SE
Evaluar - Scor !"S#$ Indicație E"!+E".
-
ea
clinică - Semne de %ocar
Evaluarea de CT /
PRI#RIT/
cranian
neurolo traumatismelor &i'sau *I!E
gică cervicale cervical TER"PE+
TICE
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Scala /laso6
Puncte Cel mai bun Cel mai bun Cel mai bun
răspuns ocular răspuns răspuns
verbal motor
7 - - E"ecut+
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Scala /laso6 pediatric+
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3> 8ani4
Punct Cel mai Cel mai bun răspuns Cel mai bun
e bun verbal răspuns
răspuns motor
ocular
7 - - E"ecut+
comeni
& - :?m5e@te! localiea+ Localiea+
sunete @i o5iecte! durerea
interac<ionea+
8 Spontan Pl0ns Interacțiune Retrae la
Consola5il Necorespun+t durere
oare
0 La stimuli Insonstant /eme 9le"ie
#er5al consola5il 3decorticare4
2 La stimuli Inconsola5i Aitat E"tensie
dureros
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Se#eritatea traumei
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craniene
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Criterii de e"aminare CT a Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
pacientului cu traumatism
cranio-cere5ral
=( acien<i cu /CS =8 p
2( acien<i seda<i
0( acien<i cu risc1 - tratament cu anticoaulante
- epileptici
- su5 inuen<a alcoolului
- #?rstnici
- pierderea st+rii de con@tien<+ * & min
1e reținut2
3n ca4ul unui TCC moderat'sever este absolut
-.
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Manaementul pacientului cu Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
traumatism cranio-cere5ral
se#er
Criterii1
• /CS intre 0 @i . puncte
-
Internarea de uren<+ ;n sec<ie de neuroc,irurie
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9iiopatoloie
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rincipii de tratament 3 de pre#enire4 Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
Tratamentul - pneumotora"
- leiuni cardiace
- traumatisme medulare
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Tratament HIC
E#acuarea colec%iilor ,ematice intracraniene
HIC refractar
Com+ 5ar5ituric+
Hiper#entila%ie CO2 0'- 0& mm
H/
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Craniectomie decompresi#+ 15/49
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Leiuni cere5rale
difue
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alerian+
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- deenerare 17/49
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CT RMN
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posttraumatic
2 procese distincte1
- cre@terea #olumului sanuin intracranian prin
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Edemul cere5ral
CT craniu
normal Edem cere5ral masi#
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decompresi#+
Craniotomie1 ;ndep+rtarea #oletului
osos cu repunerea acestuia la
sf?rsitul inter#entiei
c,iruricale(
Craniectomie1 ;ndep+rtarea #oletului
osos f+r+ repunerea acestuia la
sf?r@itul inter#en<iei
c,iruricale(
Craniectomie decompresivă2
Craniectomia a#?nd ca scop sc+derea
presiunii intra craniene(
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ran ec om a Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
decompresi#+
Indica<ii
- AC malin
-
Edem cere5ral masi#
3posttraumatic4
- Trom5o+ cere5ral+ #enoas+
-
Encefalopatii meta5olice
- HIC refractar la cascada
terapeutic+
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ran ec om a Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
decompresi#+
Te,nica c,irurical+
='"='
cm
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Leiuni focale
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• Mecanisme1
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Hematom su5dural acut
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Caracteristici CT
• colec%ie su5dural+
,iperdens+
• ocup+ toat+ suprafa%a
•
emisferial+
forma con#e"-
conca#+
• deplasea+ linia
median+ 3efect de
mas+4
• poate D ;nso%it de
contuii cere5rale 3;n
special frontale sau
temporale4
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Hematomul su5dural acut
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Indica%ie c,irurical+
+RE);" )E+R#C<IR+RIC"!/
- HSA cu rosime * ='mm sau deplasare linie median+
* &mm
- HSA cu rosime > ='mm i deplasare linie median+ >
&mm
dac+1
- /CS scade cu *) 2 puncte de la momentul TCC p?n+ la
spitaliare
- upile asimetrice sau midria+ D"+
-
IC * 2' mmH/
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Hematomul su5dural acut
7/18/2019 Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
Te,nic+ c,irurical+
• craniotomie ;ndep+rtarea #oletului osos!
duroplastie
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Hematomul su5dural acut
7/18/2019 Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
Te,nic+ c,irurical+
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Te,nic+ c,irurical+
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E#olu%ie i pronostic
Gepind de /CS preoperator
Rapiditatea inter#en%iei
c,iruricale
?rsta i comor5idit+%i
Mortalitate1 &' K ' $
Inter#alul > 8, mortalitate
0'$
preoperator
*8, mortalitate
'$
8 7$ ='$
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3HEG4
GeDni%ie1 acumulare ,ematic+ acut+ posttraumatic+
;n spa%iul e"tradural
• Apare de o5icei la adul%i i este rar la copiii su5 2
• ani i adul%iifracturi
Mecanism1 * 7' ani
craniene ce intersectea+ i
leea+ arterele meninee ,emoraie acut+
arterial+ ;n spa%iul e"tradural
• Artera meninee medie .&$ din cauri
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contien%ei
Inter#al lucid de c?te#a
ore
O5nu5ilare
Hemipare+
controlateral+
COMQ
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HEG
• colec%ie
5icon#e"+
,iperdens+
adiacent+
craniului
• respect+ de o5icei
suturile craniului
• ;nso%it de linii de
fractur+ cranian+
• efect de mas+
#aria5il
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HEG
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Indica%ii c,iruricale
HEG
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HEG Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
Te,nic+ c,irurical+
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Contuia cere5ral+ i ,ematomul Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
intracere5ral postraumatic
GeDni<ie ,ematom intracere5ral posttraumatic )
colec%ie ,ematic+ intraparenc,imatoas+
omoen+
contuia cere5ral+
intracere5ral+ ) colec%ie
mi"t+ ,ipo-
,iperdens+
• Localiare1 cel mai frec#ent la ni#elul polilor frontali i
temporali 3locul de impact al corte"ului cu
proeminen%ele osoase4
• are poten%ial e#oluti#
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Contuia cere5ral+
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Indica%ii c,iruricale Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
Contuii i ,ematoame
intracere5rale posttraumatice
• Leiuni e#oluti#e ce produc deteriorare proresi#+
neuroloic+
•
Contuii cere5rale #oluminoase cu #ol * &' cc
• Contuii cere5rale fronto-temporale cu #ol * 2' cc
i deplasarea liniei mediane
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Contuia cere5ral+ @i Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
,ematomul intracere5ral
posttraumatic
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Hematom su5dural cronic
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Caracteristici1
- Colec%ie su5dural+ de o5icei ,ipodens+
-
Orice
focar4pacient simptomatic 3HIC! semne de
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Hematom su5dural cronic
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Te,nica c,irurical+ Traumatismele Cranio Cerebrale
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Concluii
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Supraveghere la domiciliu
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- T fară P!
- $nto%icație cu alcool
-
efalee persistentă
- &mnezie retrogradă
- opii sub ' ani
- ărsături
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