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INFECIILE BACTERIENE DE
TRACT RESPIRATOR
INFECII COMUNITARE DE TRACT
RESPIRATOR
EXACERBRILE
SINUZITELE BACTERIENE PNEUMONIA
BACTERIENE ACUTE ALE COMUNITAR
ACUTE BRONITELOR
CRONICE
OTITELE FARINGITELE
BACTERIENE ACUTE
ACUTE
spectru larg de
timp lung aciune
de njumtire
AB
ideal
absena toxicitii penetraie optim n
pentru organismul esuturi
uman
activitate
bactericid
Etiologia infeciilor de tract respirator
Germenii cel mai frecvent ntlnii
Rinosinuzita:
S.pneumoniae, H. Influenzae,
M. Catarrhalis1 Faringoamigdalita:
SBGA, S. pneumoniae,
Staphylococus spp.3
Otita medie acuta:
S. pneumoniae, H. Influenzae2
Traheobronsite acute
Virusuri, Mycoplasma,
Chlamydia
Acutizarile bronsitei + S.pneumoniae, H.
cronice / BPOC: Influenzae (vrstnici, tarai)
H. influenzae, S.
pneumoniae, M.
catarrhalis5 Pneumonia
comunitara:
1 Jacobs, Am J Med. 2004;117(3A):3S15S. S. pneumoniae, H.
2 Dagan, Int J Infect Dis 2003; 7: S21-S26
3. Dowell et al, Ped Infect J (1999), 18, 1-9 Influenzae, 4
4. Woodhead et al, Eur Resp J, (2005), 26, 1138-1180
5. Guthrie, CHEST 120/6/2001
Principii de antibioterapie
A. Bacteriostatice
B. Bactericide
M M
M MM
M M
L
M L
L M
M L
M M
M M
Bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae,
M
L form in clusters in the interstitial space
LL LM
M L L -lactam antibiotics are located largely
M in the interstitial space
M M L M
M
M Macrolide antibiotics accumulate
M
largely inside cells
lactamiiselocalizeazpredominantnspaiulinterstitial,acoloundesunt
localizaimajoritateagermenilorimplicainITR
Distribuia n organism a antibioticelor
afecteaz eficiena bacteriologic
Concentraia Concentraia tisular
seric (g/ml) (g/ml)
Spatiul interstiial Spaiul intracelular
-lactami 12 12 <1.0
S. pneumoniae L. pneumoniae
lactamiisedistribuien
H. Influenzae M. pneumoniae
spaiulextracelularnaceleai
concentraiicainsnge M. catarrhalis
Macrolidele ating concentraii mici n
spaiul extracelular
R.P. Dellinger i colab., Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Menegement of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2008, Crit Care Med 2008; 36(1):
296-327.
ANTIBIOTICE UTILIZATE N
TRATAMENTUL INFECIILOR
RESPIRATORII COMUNITARE
BETA-LACTAMINE - PENICILINE
- CEFALOSPORINE
MACROLIDE
FLUOROCHINOLONE
PENICILINELE
Cefalosporine vechi :
cefalexin
cefazolin
cefadroxil
Cefaclor
Cefalosporine noi :
cefuroxim
cefprozil
ceftibuten
CEFALOSPORINELE
Therapy 2006;3(4)527-533
Macrolidele: potential de inducere a
rezistenei bacteriene
OtolaryngologyHeadandNeckSurgery
January2004volume130number1
p < 0,001
Adaptat dup M. Tumbarello i colab., Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum--Lactamase-
Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Importance of Inadequate Initial Antimicrobial Treatment, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, June 2007, p.1987-1994
...dac este administrat de la nceput!
p < 0,001
Adaptat dup M. Tumbarello i colab., Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum--Lactamase-
Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Importance of Inadequate Initial Antimicrobial Treatment, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, June 2007, p.1987-1994
Pentru pacienii cu infecii severe...
Fiecare or conteaz!
Adaptat dup Kumar i colab, Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic
shock, Crit Care Med 2006 vol 34, nr6
Principii de antibioterapie ghiduri
- PRIMA INTENTIE:
Penicilina V po x 10 ZILE
Benzathin penicilina im
- ALTERNATIVE:
Cefalosporinele orale de generaia a 2-a
( ZINNAT- cefuroxim axetil)
Macrolide
Tratamentul tonsilofaringitei acute - ghidul
Sanford
- Not: Pentru cefuroxim axetil (ZINNAT)
Dozajul la copii: 10 mg/kgc x 2 / zi , 4 10 zile;
Dozajul la aduli: 250mg x 2 /zi , 4 - 5 zile
1. KLOSSEK et al. Update on treatment guidelines for acute bacterial sinusitis, 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Int J Clin Pract, February 2005, 59,
2, 230238
2. Ghidul Sanford 2005
Tratamentul pneumoniei comunitare
dobndite ghiduri europene
Prima inten
intenie Betalactamine
Augmentin +/- macrolid
Zinnat tratament alternativ sau terapie secvenial
Managementul Exacerbarilor
BPOC
Antibioticele sunt indicate la pacientii cu:
Combined
Assessment of
COPD
When assessing risk, choose the highest risk
according to GOLD grade or exacerbation history
Rivera-Fernandez R, Six-years mortality and quality of life in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care Med
2006;34:231724.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophylus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
CONCLUZII
Cefalosporinele vechi (cefalexin, cefaclor) au o
eficacitate slab mpotriva patogenilor implicai in
infeciile de tract respirator