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Tabel din: Lange Medical Microbiology [24th, 2007] - Jawetz, Melnick, Adelberg
CLASIFICAREA FAM. RETROVIRIDAE
• Subfamilia Orthoretrovirinae
Genurile: Alpharetrovirus, Betaretrovirus,
Gammaretrovirus, Deltaretrovirus,
Epsilonretrovirus (induc tumori şi leucemii),
Lentivirus (virusul HIV)
• Subfamilia Spumaretrovirinae
Genul: Spumavirus (nepatogeni)
Subfamily: Orthoretrovirinae
Genus:
Alphavirus Avian leukosis virus
Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Exogenous: oncogene (src) Exogenous:
Avian myeloblastosis virus oncogene (myb)
(AMV)
Gammaretrovirus Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) (Moloney MLV, Friend MLV, Ableson MLV)
Feline leukemia Virus
Gibbon ape leukemia virus
Family: Retroviridae
Orthoretrovirinae
Subfamily:
Deltaretrovirus
Genus:
Simian T-lymphotropic virus
Species:
Serotypes:
• HTLV-I
• HTLV-II
• HTLV-III
• HTLV-IV (HIV-2)
• ATLV
• BLV
• Contact sexual
• Alăptare cu piepul
• Transfuzii sanguine (cu limfocite)
• Vertical
• Tipul 2:
Adus din “Lumea Nouă”
Incidență înaltă la utilizatorii de droguri intravenoase.
Sunt 5 stadii:
1. Portaj asimptomatic
2. Stadiul preleucemic
3. ATL cronică
4. Tip Limfoma
5. ATL acută
Majoritatea persoanelor HLTV-I infectate sunt purtători asimptomatici ai virusului.
Manifestări clinice – 1-5% din persoanele infectate dezvoltă peste 20-30 ani
leucemie acută cu celule T.
Conform: Robbins Basic Pathology 8th edition, 6 Neoplasia > ETIOLOGY OF CANCER: CARCINOGENIC AGENTS
Ce face TAX ?!
• Supresia unor gene antitumorale
(CDKN2A/p16 și p53)
• Prin interacțiune NF-κB, proteina TAX poate
transactiva expresia genelor codificatoare de
cytokine, receptori p/u cytokine și molecule
costimulatoare. Această expresie neobișnuită
determină un lanț autocrin și augmentarea
cascadelor pro-mitogene.
Ciclul replicativ al HTLV
RETROVIRAL INTEGRATION
VIRAL
DNA
. . G
....GGGTCTTTCATT AATGAAAGACCCC. .
. . . CCCCAGAAAGTAA .
TTACTTTCAGGGG. .
.
TARGET
1 2 3 4 DNA
1 ' 2' 3 ' 4 '
. . . GGGGTCTTCA 1 2 3 4
. . . CCCCAGAAGT 1 ' 2' 3 ' 4 '
1 2 3 4 TGAAGACCCC. . .
1 ' 2' 3 ' 4 ' ACTTCAGGGG. . .
Growth receptors and proliferative factors (IL2 and IL15; Increased cellular proliferation and decreased NER DNA
IL2R and IL15R; telomerase; PCNA) repair
AP1, activator protein 1; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; CHK1, checkpoint kinase 1; CHK2, checkpoint kinase 2;
CREB, cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein; DLG1, discs large homologue 1; IL, interleukin; IL15R,
interleukin 15 receptor ; IL2R, interleukin 2 receptor ; MAD1, mitotic arrest deficiency protein 1; MMR, mismatch
repair; NER, nuclear excision repair; NFB, nuclear factor B; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; RANBP1,
Ranbinding protein 1; RB, retinoblastoma; SRF, serum response factor (also known as MCM1); TAX1BP2, Tax-
binding protein 2.
FIGURE 3 | Cell–cell transmission of HTLV-1 occurs through a virological synapse.
http://www1.imperial.ac.uk/medicine/research/researchthemes/infection/
HTLV-I Gag and Env proteins are unpolarised in an isolated T cell, but accumulate at the cell-
cell junction within 40 minutes of cell contact (Igakura et al (2003) Science 299:1713-1716).
HTLV-I Gag protein and talin accumulate in distinct domains at the cell-cell junction (Igakura
et al (2003) Science 299:1713-1716).
http://www1.imperial.ac.uk/medicine/research/researchthemes/infection/
FIGURE 2 | The natural history of HTLV-1 infection.
Interactions of a dendritic cell with an HTLV-1
infected lymphocyte
FIGURE 4 | The HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax activates two survival pathways, NFB and Akt, to
promote cell survival and proliferation.
FIGURE 5 | Aneuploidy and multipolar mitosis in HTLV-1-infected cells.
FIGURE 6 | Tax affects many cellular factors that contribute to clastogenic DNA damage in
HTLV-1-infected cells.
FIGURE 7 | Schematic illustration of the expression and the activities of the HBZ RNA and
protein in HTLV-1-infected cells.
Metode de diagnostic
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma- Bone marrow
aspirate smear, Wright-Giemsa stain, 1000x
Tratament
CHIMIOTERAPIA ANTIRETROVIRALĂ
• După mecanismul de acţiune:
1. Inhibitori nucleozidici şi nucleotidici ai RT (Abacavir,
Didanosin, Lamivudin, Stavudin, Zalcitabin,
Zidovudin, Tenofovir)
2. Inhibitori nenucleozidici ai RT (Delavirdin, Efavirenz,
Nevirapin)
3. Inhibitori ai proteazelor (Amprenavir, Indinavir,
Lopinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, Sanquinavir
4. Inhibitorii adeziunii şi penetrării – în curs de
evaluare (CD4, T20)
5. Inhibitor al asamblării şi eliberării - Interferonul alfa
Material preluat din cursul de Microbiologie, USMF, 09. ; Fam.Retroviridae09.ppt