Date Initiale

Turatia n
Numar cilindrii i
Alezaj D
Cursa S
Raport de comprimare
MAS
Numarul de timpi ai motorului

5500
4
76
88
10.3

rpm
mm
mm

Parametrii constructivi si marimi de baza

Vs

a) Cilindreea unitara Vs

D 2
4

S *10 6

b) Cilindreea totala Vt

Vt = Vs * i

c) Volumul cilindrului Va

Va = Vs + Vc

Vc

d) Volumul camerei de ardere

wp

e) Viteza medie a pistonului wp

Vs
1

S *n
* 10 3
30

motoare lente, cu valori ale wp situate in intervalul 4..6 [m/s]

motoare de turatie medie, pentru valori ale wp de 6..9 [m/s]
motoare rapide, la care wp este intre 9 si 13 [m/s]
f) Valoarea raportului dintre cursa si alezaj
<1, motoare subpatrate (S<D)
=1, motoare patrate (S=D)
>1, motoare suprapatrate (S>D)
g) Raza manivelei arborelui cotit r
h) Raportul dintre raza manivelei si lungimea bielei
Lungimea bielei

=S/D

r=S/2
=r/l
l=r/

Calculul procesului de admisie a motoarelor in 4 timpi

p0
T0
C

0.1
293

Mpa
K

C ( p r / p 0 1.035) * 10 8 / n 2

pr= (1.201.25) *p0

pr=1.20*p0

0.12

n [rpm]
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200

pr(n) [Mpa]
0.103849091
0.104045455
0.104285455
0.104569091
0.104896364
0.105267273
0.105681818
0.10614

T(n) [K]
710.3030303
692.5454545
674.7878788
657.030303
639.2727273
621.5151515
603.7575758
586

2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
5400

0.106641818
0.107187273
0.107776364
0.108409091
0.109085455
0.109805455
0.110569091
0.111376364
0.112227273
0.113121818
0.11406
0.115041818
0.116067273
0.117136364
0.118249091
0.119405455

568.2424242
550.4848485
532.7272727
514.969697
497.2121212
479.4545455
461.6969697
443.9393939
426.1818182
408.4242424
390.6666667
372.9090909
355.1515152
337.3939394
319.6363636
301.8787879

Cresterea de temperatura a fluidului proaspat, T

110 0.0125 * n

T( n ) TN *
[K]
110 0.0125 * n
p

Presiunea din cilindru la sfarsitul cursei de admisie, p a

pa = p0 - pa
0.08098606

p a ( 2 a ) *

wa2
* 0 * 10 6
2

0.01901394

( 2 a ) 2.5.....4

2.7

wa 50.......130[m / s]

110

0
r
Tr

Ta

T0 T r Tr
1 r

pu

1.164

Temperatura la sfarsitul cursei de admisie, T a

0.04.0.10

0.04
1060
1
341.7307692

Gradul de umplere, v
0.08.0.25

p a T0
1
p0 Ta 1 1 pu r

0.2
0.915522026

Calculul procesului de comprimare

Presiunea la sfarsitul comprimarii

p c p a mc

pc=0.9---2.0

1.976957207

Tc Ta

m c 1

Ta p c
pa

mc 1.41

Tc=600---800

A
n

809.9045845
1.37

mc =(nc-0.00).(nc-0.04)
1.375

nc
A=100..250

220
Calculul arderii

=0.97(din diagrama)
vc
Mc

vc=1/Mc

0.97
0.00877193
114

Produsele arderii

vCO2

c
1
2
0.21 * Lmin
12
1
1
0.21 * Lmin
1

0.004348639

h
1
2 *
0.21 * Lmin
2
1

0.068956139

vCO 2 *
v H 2O

0.066818027

v H 2 2

1
0.21 * Lmin
1

0.002043861

v N 2 0.79 * * Lmin

vpa vCO2 vCO vH2O vH2 vN2

0.388775615

c h
0.79Lmin
12 2

=0.45.0.50

=vH2/vco se alege functie de raportul h/c

h/c=0.170.19

Lmin

1 c
h
o

0.21 12 4 32

c
h
o
Cantitatea reala de aer
Nr de kmoli de substanta initiala

0.507341

L=Lmin
vi=Lmin+vc
Variatia molara

v=vpa-vi

0.854
0.142
0.004
0.492121032
0.500892962
0.03004932

0.21(3,76 1) Lmin h / 4 o / 32
Lmin vc

1.059598505

t (vpa vr ) /(vi vr ) (c r ) /(1 r )

0.530942282

1.057306255

Puterea calorica a combustibilului

u=0.0001..0.0005

0.0003

H i 34013 * c 125600 * h 10900 * (o s) 2512 * (9 * h u)

s

s0

H in H i 120000 * (1 ) * Lmin
Calculul temperaturii maxime de ardere

a2 *T

2
z

a1 * T z a 0 0

a 2 [0.21 1.05 * ] *10 3

a1 1 .49 0 .21 * 10 3 * T0 (11 .47 1 .05 * 10 3 * T0 ) *

3

v pa (6192.31 * 1953.31) * 10 * z

a0
*
(19.67 2.51 * 10 3 * Tc ) * (Tc T0 ) (1.49 11.47 * ) * T0

(
57
.
83
*

1
)
*
(
1

z 0.85 0.95

Tz1
Raportul de crestere a presiunii in
procesul arderii

0.9
373.774766
2880.466399

[K]

z=t*(Tz/Tc)

z = 3.3 4.2

Calculul presiunii maxime a ciclului rotunjit (corectat)

p z z * pc
(0.85 0.92)*pz

7.43407651

MPa

6.839350389

MPa

Calculul destinderii
m d 1.22

pd

Td

130
n

pz

1.243636364

0.408908203

MPa

1631.919888

1084.469418

2.256349276

Tz

Td

Tradm
3

pd

pr

Eroarea

Trasarea diagramelor indicate

Pentru politropa de comprimare

Pentru politropa de destindere

S s
pcx p a *

xs

mc

s
p dx p z *

xs

md

k1

x s m

k2
( x s) md

Cursa pistonului masurata din PMI

Raportul dintre lungimea bielei si
lungimea bratului arborelui cotit
Inaltimea cilindrului de diametru D
Unghiul de rotatie al arborelui cotit

1 cos '

1 cos ' '

x S *
* sin 2 S *

* cos 2
2
4
2
4
4

' = 0.25 0.30

S
1

0.27
9.462365591

k1 p a ( S s ) mc

42.96520518

k 2 p z * s md

121.6230173

[RAC]

Proces de lucru

0-180
180-360
360-540
540-720

Admisia
Comprimarea
Arderea si destinderea
Evacuarea

Legea de variatie a
presiunii
p=pa
p=pcx
p=pdx
p=pr

180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540

Cos
-1
-0.965925826
-0.866025404
-0.707106781
-0.5
-0.258819045
-1.83772E-16
0.258819045
0.5
0.707106781
0.866025404
0.965925826
1
0.965925826
0.866025404
0.707106781
0.5
0.258819045
3.06287E-16
-0.258819045
-0.5
-0.707106781
-0.866025404
-0.965925826
-1

x
88
86.89864091
83.59011777
78.08269837
70.455
60.93013343
49.94
38.15405746
26.455
15.85730163
7.379882233
1.897168194
3.56635E-31
1.897168194
7.379882233
15.85730163
26.455
38.15405746
49.94
60.93013343
70.455
78.08269837
83.59011777
86.89864091
88

pmax

(0.85 0.98) * pz

6.690668859

M.A.S
M.A.C

Cotele de reglaj a motorului

ise
DSE
4080
1060
2050
1525

7
6

5.922854578

Presiunea p

5
4
3

2
1
0
0

100

200

300

400

[RAC]

Calculul parametrilor indicati si efectivi

A. Calculul parametrilor indicati

pI

LI
VS

LI p I * VS

LI

LI- lucrul mecanic al diagramei de

presiune inlata

LI ' LZB LCA

pI '

pC
1
1
1
1 md 1
1 mC 1

1 md 1

mC 1

pi=rpi'+pi
pi = 0 * ( pa - pr )
0 = 0.75.1.00
r(M.A.S)

r=0.940.97

z
6 14

pi (M.A.S.)

Puterea indicata Ni

Randamentul indicat i

pz
pc

p i * Vs * n
30 *
3
10 * pi * Lmin *
i
H i * 0 * v
Ni

0
Hi
Consumul specific indicat ci

ci 3.6 *10 3
Lmin

1.09003202
1.028070604
-0.029260455
0.75
0.97
3.760362887
10.28070604

18.81066387
0.2564284
1.189
43500

0 * v
pi * * Lmin
0.507341

Lmin

Presiunea medie efectiva Pe

Putere efectiva
Consumul specific efectiv ce
Consumul orar de combustibil Ch
Putere litrica

12.17619048

B. Calculul parametrilor efectivi ai motorului

0.976667074
Pe = m * pi
0.95
m = 0.7 0.92
9.766670742

Pe

p e * VS * n * i
30 *

71.48052271

ce 3.6 * 10 3 * 0 /( p e * * Lmin )

Pe * ce
1000
Pe
PL
VS * i

Ch

ale

si marimi de baza
0.399208462
1.596833847

dm 3
dm 3
dm 3

0.442134103
0.042925641

dm 3

16.13333333

m/s

1.157894737

44
1/3.8
167.2

mm
0.263157895
mm

e a motoarelor in 4 timpi
STAS 6635 - 87

0.545454545
MPa
T(n) [C]
437.3030303
419.5454545
401.7878788
384.030303
366.2727273
348.5151515
330.7575758
313

Variatia presiunii functie de turatie

0.122
0.12
0.118
0.116
0.114
0.112
0.11
0.108
0.106
0.104
0.102

Variatia presiunii functie

de turatie

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

295.2424242
277.4848485
259.7272727
241.969697
224.2121212
206.4545455
188.6969697
170.9393939
153.1818182
135.4242424
117.6666667
99.90909091
82.15151515
64.39393939
46.63636364
28.87878788

T (n)
800

700
600
500
400

(delta)T functie de n

300
200
100
0

1000

2000

[MPa]
[MPa]

kg / m 3
T
K

[K]

de comprimare
MPa

20
C

293
K

3000

4000

5000

6000

809.9045845

kmol/kg comb
kg/kmol

kmol/kg comb
kmol/kg comb
kmol/kg comb
kmol/kg comb
kmol/kg comb
kmol/kg comb
0.47

kmol aer/kg comb

kmol aer/kg comb

kmol/kg comb
kmol/kg comb

43627.6124

[kJ/kg]

41801.18383

[kJ/kg]

0.0012285
12.2559495
3

* Tc ) * (Tc T0 ) (1.49 11.47 * ) * T0

inderii

elor indicate

Tz 2
3.760362887

-12856.81927

-45495.822

[K]

1 cos ' '

* cos 2
2
4
4

S *

motorului

mm
RAC

p
0.08098606
0.082256849
0.086289822
0.093812241
0.106291492
0.126475308
0.159590033
0.216067834
0.31794336
0.513309662
0.897323035
1.539121818
1.976957207
5.922854578
3.629276618
2.185870245
1.415085144
0.996543928
0.756918187
0.612864944
0.523385927
0.467289313
0.433145775
0.414728557
0.12
Mpa
7
6
5

DSA
545
1520

x(formula 2)
88
86.89864091
83.59011777
78.08269837
70.455
60.93013343
49.94
38.15405746
26.455
15.85730163
7.379882233
1.897168194
0
1.897168194
7.379882233
15.85730163
26.455
38.15405746
49.94
60.93013343
70.455
78.08269837
83.59011777
86.89864091
88

sin
1.2251E-16
-0.258819
-0.5
-0.7071068
-0.8660254
-0.9659258
-1
-0.9659258
-0.8660254
-0.7071068
-0.5
-0.258819
-2.45E-16
0.25881905
0.5
0.70710678
0.8660254
0.96592583
1
0.96592583
0.8660254
0.70710678
0.5
0.25881905
3.6754E-16

pcx(f2)
0.082257
0.08629
0.093812
0.106291
0.126475
0.15959
0.216068
0.317943
0.51331
0.897323
1.539122
1.976957 pdx(f2)
5.92285
3.62928
2.18587
1.41509
0.99654
0.75692
0.61286
0.52339
0.46729
0.43315
0.41473

Diagrama indicata
ISA
4085
2050

5
4
Diagrama indicata

2
1
0
0

40 P(alfa) 60

20

500

600

ndicati si efectivi

or indicati
0.410414484

[J]

MPa
MPa

bar

kW

[kg/m^3 ]
kJ/kg
322.7357261
kmol aer/kg comb

g/kWh

80

100

kg/kg comb

ctivi ai motorului
MPa
bar
kW
371.0689719

g/kWh

26.52420408

kg/h

44.76390757

kW/l

Variatia presiunii functie

(delta)T functie de n

28.5714