Tema de proiect

Autobetoniera
Echipata cu motor cu aprindere prin comprimare cu urmatoarele
caracteristici:
Puterea nominala
Turatia nominala
Volumul util

Pn=
nn=
Vu=

165 kW
2350 rot/min
4,2 m3

Denumire autovehicul:
Tipul motorului:
Puterea nominala:
Turatia nominala:
Volumul util:

Autobetoniera
M.A.C.
Pn=
165
nn=
2350
V=
4,2

kW
rot/min
m3

1. Caracteristica externa
1.1. Curba puterii
Se adopta:

c=nM/nn=

0,55

ce=0,550,6
ca=1,151,2

nM=ce*nn=
0,55
1,05

1292,5 rot/min
coeficient de elasticitate
coeficient de adaptabilitate

0,975

ce 2 ca(2ce 1)

2ce((ce
ca 1) 21)
2

(ce 1)

0,272

-0,247

1 ca
3 ni
ni
ni
Pei Pn[1( )(ce21( ) 2 ) 2 3( ) 3 ]
nn
nn
nn
1.2. Curba cuplului

1.3. Consumul
specific
Mei
9.55
Se adopta:

* 10 3 *

ce=

240
g/kWh
ce=230270 g/kWh

alfa1'=
alfa2'=
alfa3'=

1,55
-1,55
1

ci orar
ce [1' 2' (
1.4. Consumul

Pei

ni

ni
ni 2
) 3' (
) ]
nn
nn

1
* ci * Pei
1000
MM=
pM

876 Nm
116,065 kW

Tabelul 1.1
ni
[rot/min]
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2500

Pei [kW]
73,444
80,957
88,425
95,830
103,152
110,373
117,474
124,435
131,240
137,867
144,299
150,517
156,501
162,234
0,000

Mei [Nm]
701,390
702,854
703,716
703,982
703,644
702,708
701,173
699,032
696,301
692,963
689,028
684,494
679,357
673,624
0,000

ci [g/kWh]
257,161
250,457
244,623
239,658
235,562
232,335
229,977
228,489
227,870
228,120
229,239
231,227
234,084
237,811
1000,000

C [kg/h]
18,887
20,276
21,631
22,966
24,299
25,644
27,016
28,432
29,906
31,450
33,079
34,804
36,634
38,581
15,000

2.Alegerea dimensiunilor si greutatilor

Ampatament:

A1=

4500 mm

Consola fata
Consola spate
Lungime totala
Latime totala
Inaltime totala

l1=
l2=
L=
B=
H=

1400
1430
7340
2500
3500

Masa proprie

G0=

10000 kg

Sarcina utila

Gu=V*Robeto
n

10500 kg

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

Se adopta:
Ga=G0+Gu=

201105 N

20500 kg

67035 N

6833 kg

Greutatea pe puntea fata

G1=Ga/3=
Se adopta

G1=

6800 kg

Greutatea pe puntea motoare 1

2.1.Masa totala
Gm1=2Ga*0.6/3=

80442 N

8200 kg

Gm2=2Ga*0,4/3=

Se adopta
2x
53628 N

7000 kg
5500 kg

2.2.Distributia greutatilor pe punti

Puntea fata
G1st=G1dr=G1/2=

3400 kg

Puntea motoare 1
Gm1st=Gm1dr=Gm1/2=
Greutatea pe roti
Gm11st=Gm12st=Gm1st/2=
Gm11dr=Gm12dr=Gm1dr/2
=

3500 kg
1750 kg
1750 kg

Puntea motoare 2
Gm2st=Gm2dr=Gm2/2=
2.3.Greutatea pe roti
Gm21st=Gm22st=Gm2st/2=
Gm21dr=Gm22dr=Gm2dr/2
=

3500 kg
1750 kg
1750 kg

2.4. Pozitia centrului de greutate

b=LG1/Ga=

2435 mm

a=LGm1/Ga=

2506 mm

3. Calculul vitezei maxime

Se
adopta
coeficientul de rezistenta a aerului

cx=

tr

densitatea aerului
Randamentul transmisiei
Coeficientul aerodinamic
Factorul de rezistenta la rulare

0,64

cx
k *

1,226 kg/m2
0,94
0,392

f=

0,025

f=0,01
0,018
Suprafata frontala maxima

S=B*H=

3.1. Viteza maxima

A=Ga*f/(k*S)=

1465,7798
8

B=Etatr*Pvmax/kS=

45218,658

8750000 mm2
8,75 m2

B
B
A 3 m/s
B
B
A
vmax=
v max 3 ( ) 2 ( 23
) 3 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 83 km/h

2
2
3
2
2
3
4. Determinarea raportului din transmisia principala: i0
Se aleg pneuri de tipul:

Tubeless

315

22,78231
7 m/s

80 R

22,5

4.1. Determinarea razei statice

rs=

537,75 mm

0,53775 m

4.2. Determinarea razei dinamice

rd=(0,960,98)rs=

526,995 mm

0,526995 m

4.3. Raportul de transmitere principal

i0=rd*nvmax*pi/(30*ikvmax*icd*vmax)=

5,10886732

4.4.Raportul de transmitere a treptei 1 din cutia de viteze

psimax=fcos(alfa)+sin(alfa)=

0,2830

alfa=

15 grade

A=Ga*psimax*rd/MM*Etatr*i0=

7,1295 conditia de invingere a rezistentei

la rulare
4,9445 conditia de aderenta

B=mM*G2*fi*rd/(MM*Etatr*i0)=
mM=0,9..0,95=

0,92

fi=

0,8

7,1295 <=ik1=<
vcr1=
4.5.Ratia progresiei geometrice

4,9445
Se adopta
1,917 m/s

q=(ik1)^(1/(n-1))=
n=

ik1=
ik1=

7,455235
6
8

1,516
6

nr de trepte ale cutiei de viteze

4.6. Rapoartele de transmitere

Treapta
Raportul

coeficient de repartizare dinamica

a fortelor pe punte
coef de aderenta

1
8

iki=ik(i-1)*q^(-(i-1))
Tabelul 4.1
2
3
4
5,28
3,48
2,30

5
1,51

6
1,00

5. Performantele autovehiculului
5.1. Determinarea vitezelor corespunzatoare treptelor de viteza
5.1.1. Turatia limita inferioara de schimbare a treptei de viteza
n1=nn*ik2/ik1=

1551 rot/min
Se adopta
1500 rot/min

5.1.2. Vitezele corespunzatoare treptelor de viteza

v1=pi*rd*n1/30*i0*iki=

16,19502
1 km/h

2,02 m/s
Tabelul 5.1

ik
ik1
ik2
ik3
ik4
ik5
v[m/s]
v1
v2
v3
v4
v5
n[r/min]
1500
2,02
3,07
4,65
7,04
10,73
1600
2,16
3,27
4,96
7,51
11,44
1700
2,29
3,48
5,27
7,98
12,16
1800
2,43
3,68
5,58
8,45
12,87
1900
2,56
3,89
5,89
8,92
13,59
2000
2,70
4,09
6,20
9,39
14,30
2100
2,83
4,29
6,52
9,86
15,02
2200
2,97
4,50
6,83
10,33
15,73
2300
3,10
4,70
7,14
10,80
16,45
5.1.3. Caracteristica de tractiune
Este curba de variatie a fortei la roata in functie de viteza pt fiecare treapta

FR

ik6
v6
16,20
17,27
18,35
19,43
20,51
21,59
22,67
23,75
24,83

Me *tr * i 0 * iki

rd

5.1.4. Caracteristica dinamica

Reprezentarea grafica a factorului dinamic D=f(v)

FR kSva2
Ga
g * (D )
a

5.1.5.
D Diagrama de variatie a acceleratiei

psi=f=

0,025

deltai=1+0,06*iki^2=

delta1
4,84

coef de influentei maselor in miscare de rotatie

delta2
2,67

delta3
1,73

Tabelul 5.2
delta4
delta5
1,32
1,14

delta6
1,06
Tabelul
5.3

Pe
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2500

Treapta1

Treapta2

Mei
73,44
80,96
88,42
95,83
103,15
110,37
117,47
124,44
131,24
137,87
144,30
150,52
156,50
162,23
0,00

Va1

Va2

Va3

Va4

701,35
702,88
703,68
703,98
703,63
702,69
701,15
699,06
696,30
692,98
689,03
684,51
679,35
673,61
0,00

1,35
1,48
1,62
1,75
1,89
2,02
2,16
2,29
2,43
2,56
2,70
2,83
2,97
3,10

3,07
3,27
3,48
3,68
3,89
4,09
4,29
4,50
4,70

4,65
4,96
5,27
5,58
5,89
6,20
6,52
6,83
7,14

v [m/s]
1,350
1,485
1,620
1,754
1,889
2,024
2,159
2,429
2,564
2,699
2,834
2,969
3,104

FR [N]
51129,409
51240,948
51299,269
51321,140
51295,624
51227,097
51114,829
50761,257
50519,224
50231,263
49901,749
49525,578
49107,124

D
0,25421
0,25476
0,25504
0,25514
0,25501
0,25466
0,25409
0,25231
0,25110
0,24965
0,24800
0,24612
0,24402

a [m/s2]
0,46458
0,46569
0,46626
0,46646
0,46620
0,46549
0,46433
0,46073
0,45827
0,45533
0,45199
0,44818
0,44392

Tabelul 5.4
1/a [s2/m]
2,15248
2,14735
2,14473
2,14381
2,14500
2,14827
2,15364
2,17047
2,18212
2,19621
2,21244
2,23125
2,25266

2,045
2,249
2,454
2,658
2,863
3,067
3,272
3,476
3,681
3,885
4,090
4,294
4,499

33745,410
33819,026
33857,518
33871,952
33855,112
33809,884
33735,787
33502,429
33342,688
33152,634
32935,154
32686,881
32410,702

0,16773
0,16808
0,16825
0,16831
0,16821
0,16796
0,16757
0,16639
0,16557
0,16459
0,16349
0,16222
0,16082

0,52441
0,52570
0,52632
0,52654
0,52618
0,52526
0,52382
0,51949
0,51648
0,51288
0,50883
0,50417
0,49902

1,90690
1,90223
1,89998
1,89919
1,90049
1,90382
1,90905
1,92496
1,93618
1,94977
1,96529
1,98346
2,00393

3,102
3,413
3,723
4,033
4,343
4,654

22241,293
22289,812
22315,182
22324,696
22313,596
22283,787

0,11043
0,11064
0,11073
0,11073
0,11063
0,11044

0,48443
0,48562
0,48613
0,48613
0,48557
0,48449

2,06428
2,05922
2,05706
2,05706
2,05944
2,06403

Treapta3

Va5

7,04
7,51
7,98
8,45
8,92
9,39
9,86
10,33
10,80

10,73
11,44
12,16
12,87
13,59
14,30
15,02
15,73
16,45

4,964
5,274
5,584
5,895
6,205
6,515
6,825

22234,950
22081,147
21975,862
21850,600
21707,261
21543,626
21361,599

0,11014
0,10932
0,10874
0,10806
0,10728
0,10640
0,10543

0,48279
0,47814
0,47485
0,47099
0,46657
0,46158
0,45608

2,07129
2,09144
2,10593
2,12319
2,14330
2,16647
2,19260

Treapta4

4,694
5,164
5,633
6,102
6,572
7,041
7,511
7,980
8,450
8,919
9,388
9,858
10,327

14699,705
14731,773
14748,540
14754,828
14747,492
14727,790
14695,513
14593,861
14524,277
14441,488
14346,753
14238,604
14118,298

0,07272
0,07280
0,07280
0,07273
0,07260
0,07239
0,07211
0,07148
0,07100
0,07045
0,06984
0,06914
0,06838

0,35465
0,35524
0,35524
0,35472
0,35375
0,35219
0,35011
0,34543
0,34186
0,33778
0,33324
0,32804
0,32239

2,81968
2,81500
2,81500
2,81912
2,82686
2,83938
2,85625
2,89494
2,92517
2,96051
3,00084
3,04841
3,10183

Treapta5

7,150
7,865
8,580
9,295
10,010
10,725
11,440
12,155
12,870
13,585
14,300
15,015
15,730

9650,676
9671,729
9682,737
9686,865
9682,049
9669,115
9647,924
9581,187
9535,504
9481,151
9418,955
9347,953
9268,970

0,04712
0,04704
0,04689
0,04669
0,04644
0,04612
0,04574
0,04512
0,04459
0,04400
0,04335
0,04264
0,04187

0,19035
0,18966
0,18837
0,18665
0,18450
0,18174
0,17847
0,17314
0,16858
0,16350
0,15791
0,15180
0,14517

5,25348
5,27259
5,30870
5,35762
5,42005
5,50237
5,60318
5,77567
5,93190
6,11621
6,33272
6,58762
6,88848

Treapta6

10,797
11,876
12,956
14,036
15,115
16,195
17,275
18,354
19,434
20,514
21,593
22,673
23,753
24,832

6391,176
6405,119
6412,409
6415,142
6411,953
6403,387
6389,354
6370,308
6345,157
6314,903
6278,908
6237,719
6190,697
6138,390

0,02979
0,02944
0,02902
0,02854
0,02799
0,02737
0,02668
0,02593
0,02511
0,02422
0,02327
0,02225
0,02116
0,02001

0,04122
24,26007
0,03821
26,17116
0,03459
28,91009
0,03046
32,82994
0,02573
38,86514
0,02039
49,04365
0,01446
69,15629
0,00800 125,00000
0,00095 1052,63158
-0,00671 -149,03130
-0,01489
-67,15917
-0,02366
-42,26543
-0,03304
-30,26634
-0,04294

6.Timpul de demaraj. Spatiul de demaraj

Timpul de demaraj
tdi=ti-1+(1/ai+1/ai-1)*(vi-vi-1/2=
Spatiul de demaraj
Sdi=Si-1+(ti-ti-1)*vi-(ti-ti-1)*(vi-vi-1)/2=
Tabelul 6.1
va [m/s]
1,350
1,485
1,620
1,754
1,889
2,024
2,159
2,429
2,564
2,699
2,834
3,104
3,476
3,681
3,885
4,090
4,499
5,274
5,584
5,895
6,205
6,825
7,980
8,450
8,919
9,388
10,327
12,155
12,870
13,585
14,300
15,730
19,434
20,514
21,593
22,673
24,832

td [s]
8,716
10,457
12,195
13,919
15,656
17,395
19,137
22,639
24,402
26,175
27,960
31,577
36,240
38,615
40,993
43,401
48,271
57,792
61,695
65,641
69,608
77,673
95,303
103,509
111,791
120,180
137,372
186,059
211,173
237,016
263,719
320,437
12093,823
15021,490
14321,683
13967,149
13693,399

7. Bilantul de puteri
Pr=fGavacos(alfa)=
Pp=vaGasin(alfa)=
Pa=kSva^3=

Sd [m]
5,883
7,058
8,348
9,744
11,267
12,909
14,672
18,452
20,593
22,866
25,275
30,400
37,637
41,765
46,142
50,820
60,779
82,196
92,488
103,505
115,198
140,220
200,382
233,124
268,115
305,526
386,225
637,620
790,250
956,550
1137,930
1543,464
94141,145
122589,285
115411,365
111583,639
108480,272

1/a [s2/m]
2,152
2,147
2,145
2,144
2,145
2,148
2,154
2,170
2,182
2,196
2,212
2,253
1,925
1,936
1,950
1,965
2,004
2,091
2,106
2,123
2,143
2,193
2,895
2,925
2,961
3,001
3,102
5,776
5,932
6,116
6,333
6,888
1052,632
-149,031
-67,159
-42,265
0,000

alfa [grd]
0
2,5
5
7,5

Pd=deltaiGava*a/g=

10

Viteza
[m/s]
1,35
1,49
1,62
1,75
1,89
2,02
2,16
2,43
2,56
2,70
2,83
3,10

PR
[kW]
69024,70
76349,01
83104,82
89812,00
96948,73
103478,74
110408,03
123349,85
129329,21
135624,41
141221,95
152232,08

Pr+a 0
[kW]
6795,73
7502,51
8159,34
8816,73
9525,37
10184,07
10894,24
12266,35
12928,27
13642,10
14305,92
15687,82

Pr+a+p 2,5
[kW]
18631,58
20565,77
22362,35
24159,49
26095,55
27894,00
29831,59
33570,86
35372,53
37313,79
39117,36
42866,42

Pr+a+p 5
[kW]
30431,97
33589,91
36522,82
39456,29
42616,10
45550,89
48712,22
54811,57
57749,58
60914,58
63854,48
69963,63

Pr+a+p 7,5 Pr+a+p 10

[kW]
[kW]
42174,45
53836,67
46550,13
59421,76
50613,80
64608,46
54678,03
69795,71
59055,57
75382,67
63121,12
80571,25
67500,19
86159,73
75948,04
96940,03
80016,80 102131,81
84399,54 107723,97
88470,20 112917,65
96927,84 123707,74

2,05
2,25
2,45
2,66
2,86
3,07
3,27
3,48
3,68
3,89
4,09
4,50

69178,09
76092,81
82950,92
90099,39
96825,62
103796,34
110316,02
116588,45
122701,09
128963,75
134704,78
145848,16

10336,18
11351,23
12368,12
13438,04
14459,25
15534,05
16560,27
17640,69
18672,60
19759,36
20797,66
22936,87

28309,13
31077,63
33847,99
36759,03
39533,70
42449,64
45229,31
48150,86
50936,23
53864,13
56655,88
62389,68

46228,25
50744,96
55263,52
60010,18
64533,05
69284,61
73812,49
78569,66
83103,23
87866,74
92406,70
101724,33

64059,42
70315,76
76573,95
83147,22
89409,72
95987,88
102255,38
108839,16
115112,36
121702,49
127982,07
140865,93

81768,71
89752,78
97738,71
106126,10
114116,34
122508,62
130503,86
138901,76
146902,70
155306,94
163314,27
179739,98

3,10
3,41
3,72
4,03
4,34
4,65
4,96
5,27
5,58
5,90
6,21
6,83

68948,01
76008,26
83012,48
89968,52
96841,01
103619,61
110285,35
116367,64
122625,31
128918,54
134802,09
145899,72

15687,82
17280,21
18879,34
20485,83
22100,28
23723,32
25355,56
26997,61
28650,08
30367,44
32042,98
35431,52

42866,42
47176,67
51493,66
55818,01
60150,33
64491,23
68841,33
73201,24
77571,57
82094,46
86487,86
95312,12

69963,63
76983,59
84010,30
91044,37
98086,41
105137,03
112196,85
119266,48
126346,53
133666,55
140769,67
155013,37

96927,84
106644,23
116367,36
126097,85
135836,31
145583,35
155339,59
165105,64
174882,11
184985,54
194785,08
214421,63

123707,74
136102,12
148503,24
160911,72
173328,17
185753,21
198187,44
210631,48
223085,94
235953,74
248431,27
273423,80

4,69
5,16
5,63
6,10
6,57
7,04
7,51
7,98
8,45
8,92

68941,62
76015,95
83034,28
90004,45
96891,02
103683,64
110363,30
116459,01
122730,14
128818,07

23933,41
26413,79
28917,62
31447,06
34004,22
36591,25
39210,29
41863,47
44552,93
47280,80

65052,00
71653,01
78277,48
84927,54
91605,33
98312,99
105052,65
111826,46
118636,54
125485,04

106047,45
116756,74
127489,49
138247,83
149033,91
159849,85
170697,80
181579,89
192498,26
203455,05

146841,69
161639,11
176459,98
191306,45
206180,65
221084,72
236020,79
250991,00
265997,49
281042,40

187357,09
206214,69
225095,74
244002,39
262936,76
281901,01
300897,26
319927,65
338994,32
358099,41

9,39
10,33

134716,01
145842,02

50049,22
55716,27

132374,09
146282,39

214452,38
236577,25

296127,86
326428,97

377245,04
415666,52

7,15
7,87
8,58
9,30
10,01
10,73
11,44
12,16
12,87
13,59
14,30
15,73

69002,33
76116,51
83077,88
90087,84
96917,31
103749,60
110372,25
116507,23
122721,94
128848,84
134691,06
145800,90

37201,27
41239,34
45303,51
49515,86
53766,83
58183,76
62651,41
67303,22
72017,43
76934,42
81925,07
92434,51

99887,41
110237,93
120526,87
131051,67
141527,42
152256,80
162949,22
173913,48
184852,47
196081,91
207297,34
230344,01

162385,79
179029,85
195524,93
212343,27
229025,15
246048,07
262946,63
280204,44
297349,56
314872,54
332294,10
367840,45

224577,45
247484,16
270154,92
293235,92
316093,47
339379,05
362453,28
385973,74
409294,54
433080,18
456677,41
504662,09

286343,99
315470,56
344274,77
373575,62
402566,64
432072,06
461279,76
491020,07
520474,32
550479,82
580210,51
640548,50

10,80
11,88
12,96
14,04
15,12
16,20
17,28
18,35
19,43
20,51
21,59
22,67

69024,70
76092,81
83104,82
90068,59
96948,73
103734,87
110408,04
116895,15
123286,40
129518,66
135561,62
141409,09

58619,16
65479,19
72624,38
80080,68
87874,00
96030,27
104575,41
113450,40
122846,86
132709,73
143064,93
153938,39

153305,91
169634,61
186248,48
203173,45
220435,45
238060,39
256074,21
274330,20
293195,34
312526,89
332350,76
352692,90

247709,06
273478,08
299532,26
325897,55
352599,86
379665,12
407119,25
434728,15
463033,60
491805,46
521069,65
550852,10

341648,91
376811,91
412260,08
448019,35
484115,64
520574,88
557423,00
594338,90
632038,34
670204,18
708862,36
748038,79

24,83

152416,22

177343,78

395035,64

612075,47

828050,13

434946,63
479439,40
524217,34
569306,39
614732,45
660521,47
706699,35
752858,64
799887,85
847383,47
895371,42
943877,62
1042548,5
1

8.Calculul parametrilor de franare

8.1.Spatiul de franare minim
Se adopta unghiul de inclinare al soselei: alfa=

0 grade

Relatia spatiului de franare minim este:

1.

Sfmin=va^2/2g(Ficosalfa+sinalfa)=

2.

Sfmin=Ga/2gkSln(1+kSva^2/(FIGacosalfa+Gafcosalfa+Gasinalfa))=

Relatia 1. -spatiul de franare minim la care nu s-a luat in considerare forta de rezistenta a aerului
Relatia 2. -spatiul de franare minim la care s-a luat in considerare forta de rezistenta a aerului
Tabelul 8.1 -contine valorile coeficientului de aderenta

Tabelul 8.1.
Fi

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

Tabelul 8.2.-contine valorile spatiului de franare minim in functie de viteza automobilului pentru Fa=0
Tabelul 8.2.
v [m/s]
Sfmin
Sfmin
Sfmin
Sfmin
Sfmin
Sfmin
Sfmin
Fi=0,2 Fa=0

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
23

Fi=0,4 Fa=0

0,00
1,02
4,08
9,17
16,31
25,48
36,70
49,95
65,24
82,57
101,94
123,34
134,81

0,00
0,51
2,04
4,59
8,15
12,74
18,35
24,97
32,62
41,28
50,97
61,67
67,41

8.2. Spatiul de oprire

Sop=Sfmin+Ss

Fi=0,6 Fa=0

Fi=0,8 Fa=0

0,00
0,34
1,36
3,06
5,44
8,49
12,23
16,65
21,75
27,52
33,98
41,11
44,94

0,00
0,25
1,02
2,29
4,08
6,37
9,17
12,49
16,31
20,64
25,48
30,84
33,70

Ss=0,33Sfmin

Fi=0,2 Fa<>0

0,00
0,91
3,62
8,14
14,46
22,57
32,44
44,07
57,44
72,51
89,26
107,68
117,49

Fi=0,4
Fa<>0

0,00
0,48
1,92
4,31
7,67
11,97
17,22
23,41
30,54
38,61
47,59
57,49
62,78

Fi=0,6
Fa<>0

0,00
0,33
1,30
2,93
5,21
8,14
11,72
15,94
20,80
26,31
32,44
39,21
42,83

Sop=Sfmin+0,33Sfmin=1,33Sfmin

Tabelul 8.3. Contine valorile spatiului de oprire in functie de viteza

v [m/s]

Sop
Fi=0,2 Fa=0

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
23

0,00
1,36
5,43
12,20
21,69
33,89
48,81
66,43
86,77
109,82
135,58
164,04
179,30

Sop

Sop

Fi=0,4 Fa=0

0,00
0,68
2,71
6,10
10,84
16,94
24,41
33,21
43,38
54,90
67,79
82,02
89,66

Fi=0,6 Fa=0

Sop
Fi=0,8 Fa=0

0,00
0,45
1,81
4,07
7,24
11,29
16,27
22,14
28,93
36,60
45,19
54,68
59,77

0,00
0,33
1,36
3,05
5,43
8,47
12,20
16,61
21,69
27,45
33,89
41,02
44,82

Tabelul 8.3.
Sop

Sop

Sop

Fi=0,2 Fa<>0

Fi=0,4
Fa<>0

Fi=0,6
Fa<>0

0,00
1,21
4,81
10,83
19,23
30,02
43,15
58,61
76,40
96,44
118,72
143,21
156,26

0,00
0,64
2,55
5,73
10,20
15,92
22,90
31,14
40,62
51,35
63,29
76,46
83,50

0,00
0,44
1,73
3,90
6,93
10,83
15,59
21,20
27,66
34,99
43,15
52,15
56,96

8.3. Deceleratia de franare

af=g(f+FI)
pt bFa=0
af=g*(GaFi+fGacosalfa+Gasinalfa+kSv^2)/Ga
Tabelul 8.4. Contine valorile deceleratiei de franare in functie de
viteza
Tabelul 8.4.
v [m/s]
af
af
af
af
Fi=0,2 Fa=0

Fi=0,4 Fa=0

Fi=0,6 Fa=0

Fi=0,8 Fa=0

pt Fa<>0

af

af

af

Fi=0,2 Fa<>0

Fi=0,4

Fi=0,6

Fa<>0

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
23

2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21
2,21

4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17
4,17

6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13
6,13

8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09
8,09

2,2073
2,2079
2,2099
2,2133
2,2180
2,2240
2,2313
2,2400
2,2501
2,2615
2,2742
2,2882
2,2958

4,1693
4,1699
4,1719
4,1753
4,1800
4,1860
4,1933
4,2020
4,2121
4,2235
4,2362
4,2502
4,2578

Fa<>0

6,1313
6,1319
6,1339
6,1373
6,1420
6,1480
6,1553
6,1640
6,1741
6,1855
6,1982
6,2122
6,2198

9. Stabilitatea autovehiculului

9.1. Viteza critica de derapare

vcd= (gR(Fi+tgBeta)/(1-FitgBeta))
9.2. Viteza critica de rasturnare

vcr= (gR(B/2hg+tgBeta)/(1-BtgBeta/2hg))
unde:

R
g
Fi
Beta
hg
B
Beta=
R [m]
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400

-raza de curbura
-acceleratia gravitationala
-coeficient de aderenta
-unghiul de inclinare transversal al drumului
-inaltimea centrului de
greutate
-ecartamentul
0

vcr 0 [m/s]
vcr 2 [m/s]
20,218
20,944
24,761
25,651
28,592
29,619
31,967
33,115
35,018
36,276
37,824
39,182
40,435
41,888
42,888
44,429
45,208
46,832
47,414
49,118
49,523
51,302
51,545
53,396
53,491
55,412
55,368
57,357
57,184
59,238

9,81
0,8

m/s2

1200
2000

mm
mm

vcr 3 [m/s] vcd 0 [m/s]

21,314
19,809
26,104
24,261
30,143
28,014
33,701
31,321
36,917
34,310
39,875
37,059
42,628
39,618
45,214
42,021
47,660
44,294
49,986
46,456
52,209
48,522
54,341
50,503
56,392
52,410
58,371
54,249
60,286
56,029

2
vcd 2
[m/s]
20,526
25,139
29,028
32,454
35,551
38,400
41,051
43,541
45,897
48,137
50,277
52,330
54,306
56,212
58,055

3
vcd 3
[m/s]
20,890
25,585
29,543
33,030
36,183
39,082
41,781
44,315
46,712
48,992
51,170
53,260
55,270
57,210
59,087

Caracteristica externa
900
200
800
700
150
600
500
Me [Nm];cic[g/kWh]
[g/kWh]

Mei [Nm]

C [kg/h]

400

Pei100
[kW] P [kW]; C [kg/h]

300
50

200
100
0

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
n [rot/min]

Caracteris tica dinam ica

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0

10

12
v [m /s ]

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Variatia acce leratie i pe tre pte

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4
a [m /s 2]
0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0

10

12
v [m /s]

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Tim pul de dem arare

1200

1000

800

td [s]

600

400

200

0
0

10

12
v [m /s]

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Inversul acceleratie i
50

45

40

35

30

1/a [s2/m ]

25

20

15

10

0
0

2.07

4.14

6.21

8.28

10.35

12.42
v [m /s ]

14.49

16.56

18.63

20.7

22.77

24.84

Spatiul de dem arare

12000

10000

8000

Sd [m ]

6000

4000

2000

0
0

10

12
v [m /s]

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Bilantul de pute ri
200000

180000

160000

140000

120000

100000
[kW] [k W] Pr+a 0 [kW]
PR; PR
Pr+p+a

Pr+a+p 2,5 [kW]

Pr+a+p 5 [kW]

Pr+a+p 7,5 [kW]

Pr+a+p 10 [kW]

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
0

10

12

14

v [m /s ]

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

Spatiul de franare m inim

140
130
120
110
100

Sfmin Fi=0,2 Fa=0

Sfmin Fi=0,4 Fa=0

Sfmin Fi=0,6 Fa=0

Sfmin Fi=0,4 Fa<>0

Sfmin Fi=0,6 Fa<>0

Sfmin Fi=0,8 Fa=0

90
80
Sfm in [m ]

70
60
50
40

Sfmin Fi=0,2 Fa<>0

30
20
10
0
0

10

12
v [m /s ]

14

16

18

20

22

24

Spatiul de oprire
180

160

140
Sop Fi=0,2 Fa=0

Sop Fi=0,4 Fa=0

Sop Fi=0,6 Fa=0

Sop Fi=0,8 Fa=0

Sop Fi=0,2 Fa<>0

120

100
Sop [m ]
80

60
Sop Fi=0,4 Fa<>0

Sop Fi=0,6 Fa<>0

40

20

0
0

10

12
v [m /s ]

14

16

18

20

22

24

De celeratia de franare

af Fi=0,2 Fa=0

af Fi=0,4 Fa=0

af Fi=0,6 Fa=0

af Fi=0,8 Fa=0

af Fi=0,2 Fa<>0

af [m /s2]

af Fi=0,4 Fa<>0

af Fi=0,6 Fa<>0

10

12
v [m /s ]

14

16

18

20

22

24

Diagrama ferastrau
1000

30
28

900

26

800

24
22

700

20

600
P [kW];PeM[Nm]

500
Mei

18
16
Va1

Va2

400

Va3

Va4

14
12
10

300

200

6
4

100

0
0
100011001200130014001500160018001900200021002200230025002500
n [rot/min]

v Va6
[m/s]

Viteza critica de rasturnare

70

60

50

40
vc r 0 [m/s]

V [m/s]

vc r 2 [m/s]

vc r 3 [m/s]

30

20

10

0
50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

Raza de curbura R [m]

300

325

350

375

400

Vite za critica de de rapare

60

50

40

v [m /s ]

30

vc d 0 [m/s]

vc d 2 [m/s]

vc d 3 [m/s]

20

10

0
50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

Raza de curbura R [m ]

275

300

325

350

375

400