Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Colangiocarcinoamele periampulare
Litiaza intrahepatic
Hemobilie
Litiaza de Wirsung
Pseudochisturile pancreatice
Fistulele pancreatice
Leakage postoperator
Leziuni postoperatorii de CBP
Angiocolita/ colangita
Pancreatita acut biliar sever
Pseudochistul pancreatic infectat
Impactarea papilar
Hemoragia papilar post ERCP
Colmatarea unui stent
Icterul reaprut la pacientul stentat
Contraindicaiile ERCP
Contraindicaiile endoscopiei digestive superioare n general
Absolute :
Relative :
Sepsis sever
Hipotensiune arterial sever/ oc
ERCP- Complicaii
Complicaii acute la 5-10%-mortalitate de 0,5-1%
Pancreatita acut
Hemoragia
Perforaia retroduodenal
Colangita acut i colecistita
Pancreatita post-ERCP7,8,9,10,17,18,19,20,24,25,26,27,31,32
Incidena
Incidena raportat variaz foarte mult, ntre 1% i 40%. Bun parte din aceast
variabilitate se datoreaz definiiilor diferite, datelor incomplete i lipsei de rigoare n urmrirea
cazurilor. Variabile ntre 2% i 9% rezult din studiile mai recente, care respect mai riguros
criteriile din consensuri. Cotton i colaboratorii raporteaz la DDC, MUSC o rat de sub 3%, pe
un total de 9900 cazuri ntre 1994-2004, cu reducere progresiv a incidenei n decursul anilor n
ciuda creterii complexitii procedurilor (de exemplu suspiciunea de disfuncie de sfincter Oddi,
DSO). Peste 75% din cazurile raportate au fost ncadrate ca uoare dpdv al severitii. Pancreatita
sever a fost descris n 13 cazuri (0.l3%) din care s-a nregistrat i un deces.
Factori de risc*
Orice procedur ERCP poate cauza pancreatit, dar exist factori care cresc riscul cu
certitudine n timp ce alii sunt doar presupusi a avea un rol. Exist factori dependeni de
procedur i alii dependeni de pacient.
Concluzii
Pancreatita este n zilele noastre cea mai important complicaie a ERCP i poate fi
devastatoare.
Nu poate fi prevenit complet nici chiar n cazul celor mai experimentai endoscopiti.
Este mai probabil s apar cnd endoscopistul este neexperimentat iar pacientul are o
patologie minim (funcional)
Cnd indicaia nu e clar se recomand folosirea tuturor celorlalte metode neinvazive
naintea ERCP
Este bine ca pacientul s fie deplin lmurit asupra procedurii n ce privete raportul
risc/beneficiu ca i celelalte variante de atitudine, eventul s i se ofere varianta efecturii
procedurii ntr-un centru cu mai mult experien
Riscul general al complicaiei ar trebui s fie sub 5% dac tehnica este corect efectuat i
se folosesc toate opiunile tehnice, inclusiv stenturile pancreatice
Perforaia retroduodenal post-sfincterotomie14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,24,25,26,27,31,32
Este definit ca prezena aerului sau a contrastului posterior de duoden. Ea apare n
cca 1% din ST. Condiia aduce o necesitate de chirurgie raportat la cca 1/3 din cazuri .
Mortalitatea acestei complicaii este evident mare, ridicndu-se la o cifra de 20%. Exist 5
cazuri raportate de aer n v. porta secundar EST radiologic a disprut dup 24h i toi pacienii
au avut evoluie benign.
Sinteza factorilor de risc n perforaia ERCP.
anastomozele gastro-enterice risc crescut de perforaie mai ales la varstnici
perforaia apare n regiunea de angulaie i fixare a intestinului
stenoze papilare i ci biliare nedilatate - risc semnificativ mai mare dect la pacienii cu
litiaz de coledoc
precutul a fost gsit ca factor de risc n unele serii - dar nu i pentru endoscopitii
experi
Bibliografie:
1. Peter B. Cotton, MD, FRCP , MUSC Digestive Disease Center, 2000; Clinical role
of ERCP and therapy
2. Freeman, Nelson, Sherman et al. Hemmorhage from ES a prospective, multicenter
study Gastrointest. Endosc. 1994, 40:A108.
3. Sheridan, Williams, Yeung Percutaneous management of an impacted endoscopic
basket Gastrointestinal Endosc 1993, 39:444-446
4. Binmoeller KF and Schafer TW: Endoscopic management of bile duct stones. J
ClinGastroenterol32:106, 2001
5. Ostroff JW, LaBerge JM Endoscopic and radiologic treatment of biliary diseases
in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases: Feldman, Friedman, Sleisenger, Saunders, ed.
7
6. Masci E, Mariagni A, Curioni S. Risk factor for pancreatitis following ERCP: a
metaanalysis. Endoscopy 2003: 35: 830-834
7. Cotton P., Leung J. ERCP:Risks, Prevention, Management DDC, MUSC, 2004.
8. Freeman ML, Guda NM. Prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a comprehensive
review. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 59(7): 845-64
9. Barthet M, Desjeux A, Gasmi M, Bellon P, Hoi MT, Salducci J, et al. Early refeeding
after endoscopic biliary or pancreatic sphincterotomy: a randomized prospective
study. Endoscopy 2002; 34(7): 546-50.
10. Peter B. Cotton, MD, FRCP , MUSC Digestive Disease Center, 2000; Clinical role
of ERCP and therapy
11. Chan, Davidson, Goldon et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of
cholangiocarcinoma. Gut 2002, suppl VI:VI1-VI9.
12. Binmoeller KF and Schafer TW: Endoscopic management of bile duct stones. J
ClinGastroenterol32:106, 2001
13. Cotton, Williams Practical gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 3-rd ed.,1990
14. Husain, Garmager, McPhee The significance of retroperitoneal air following EST
Gastrointestinal Endosc 1995 41:400
15. Ciaccia, Branch, Baillie Pneumomediastinum after EST. Am J Gastroenterology
1995, 90: 475-477
16. Barthet, Membrini et al. Hepatic portal venous gas after EST. Gastrointestinal Endosc
1994, 40:261-263
17. Freeman ML, Nelson DB, Sherman S, Haber GB, Herman ME et al.Complications of
endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy. N Eng J Med 1996; 335:909-18.
18. Shields SJ, Carr-Locke DL. Sphincterotomy techniques and risks. Chapter in
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America, Ed. Sivak MV, W. B. Saunders
Company, 1996, Volume 6, pp. 17-42.
19. Huibregtse K, Katon RM, Tytgat GNJ. Precut papillotomy via fine needle knife
papillotome: a safe and effective technique. Gastrointest Endosc 1986; 32:403-5.
20. Sherman S, Ruffolo TA, Hawes RH, Lehman GA. Complications of endoscopic
sphincterotomy. Gastroenterology 1991; 101:1068-75.
21. Chung RS, Sivak MV, Ferguson DR Surgical decisions in the management of
duodenal perforation complicating EST Am J Surg 1993, 165:700-703
22. Sauter, Grabein, Huber Antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious complications with
ERCP Endoscopy 1990, 22:164-167
23. Motte, Deviere, Dumonceau et al Risk factors for septicemia following endoscopic
stenting Gastroenterology 1991, 101:1374-1381
24. Freeman, Nelson, Sherman et al. Complications of ES a prospective, multicenter
study Gastroenterology 1994, 106:A106
25. Cotton PB. Precut papillotomy a risky technique for experts only. Gastrointest
Endosc 1989; 35:578-9.
26. ASGE, Complications of ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; vol. 57, NO. 6: 633.
27. ASGE, Guideline- Complications of ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc 2012;Volume 75,No.
3:467-470
28. ASGE guideline: the role of ERCP in diseases of the biliary tract and the pancreas.
Gastrointest Edosc 2005; Volume 62, No. 1
29. Interventional and Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy edited by Klaus
Mnkemller, C. Mel Wilcox, Miguel Muoz-Navas. Vol. 27, 2010 - Endoscopic
Retrograde Cholangiography Todd H. BaronDivision of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA; 303-310
30. Aspects of interventional endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones Fredrik
Swahn, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC,
Division of SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 2012
31. Advanced Digestive Endoscopy: ERCP, Peter B. Cotton, Joseph W. Leung 2008
32. Therapeutic and advanced ERCP, Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North
America, Michel Kahaleh,Charles J. Lightdale. iul 2012; vol . 22; no.3