1.

CALCULUL LA TRACTIUNE AL AUTOVEHICULULUI

Autoturism cu motor MAS-73kW/5200

1.1 Parametri geometrici ai autovehiculului

DIMENSIUNI

[mm]
2578
1536
1517
4238
1765
1421

Ampatament (L)
Ecartamentul fata (B1)
Ecartamentul spate (B2)
Lungime totala (A)
Latime totala (D)
Inaltime totala (H)

MASE
Greutate Proprie (G0)
Greutate Utila (Gu)
Nr. Persoane
Greutate Persoane (Gp)
Greutate Bagaje (Gb)
Greutate Totala (Ga)

[kg]
1205
560
5
300
100
1765

1.2 Repartizarea greutatii pe punti

Fata

0,51

Spate

0,49

Distributia greutatii pe punti

Punte fata (G1) [N]

0,51*Ga*10

G1=

9001.5

Punte spate (G2) [N]

0,49*Ga*10

G2=

8648.5

1.3 Alegerea pneurilor si determinarea razei de rulare

Se adopta:

Pneuri 165SR15
Jenti 5Jx 15

Latime sect. max (B)

165 mm

0.945

=(0.945 - 0,960)
Diametrul exterior (D)

646 mm

Raza Statica (Rs)

Raza Dinamica (Rr)

295 mm
305 mm

Presiune aer - fata

- spate

2.1 daN/cm2
2.00 daN/cm2

Viteza maxima

180 km/h

1.4 Calculul caracteristicii externe a motorului

Puterea motorului

P [W]

74000

Turatia
Ampatamentul

n [rot/min]
L [m]

5200
2.578

Ecartamentul
Inaltime Totala

B2 [m]
H [m]

1.517
1.421

Latime Totala
Greutatea

D [m]
Ga [N]

1.765
17650

Raza rotii motoare

Aria supraf frontale
Coef. de rez. aerodinamica
Unghiul rampei maxime
Coef. de rez. la rulare
Coef. de aderenta
Randamentul transmisiei
Coef. de elasticitate
Coef. de adaptabilitate
Coef. aerodinamic

Rn [mm]
S [m]
K [kg/m]

305
3.008065
0.19

10
0.012

tr

0.8
0.92

c
k

0.3
1.25

Cx

0.31

Cunoasterea caracteristicii externe a motorului este necesara pentru efectuarea calculului de

tractiune si pentru studierea performantelor autovehiculuilui.
In cazul in care nu se cunoaste caracteristica exterioara determinata experimental,aceasta poate fi
calculata cu ajutorul relatiilor de mai jos:

Pe= Pm 1

n
n
+ 2
nm
nm

( )

+ 3

n
M e M m 1 2
3
n

( )]
3

n
nm

nm

3 4 c
=3 40 . 6 /2( 10 . 6)=0 . 75
2( 1c )
2c
2=
=20 .6 / 2( 10 . 6 )=1 .5
2(1c )
1
3 =
=1/ 2( 10 . 6 )=1 .25
2( 1c )
1=

Coeficientii alfa
1=

0.75

2=
3=

1.5
-1.25

1+2+3=

Putere Maxima

Pe

Turatia Puterii Maxime

nn

Momentul maxim

MM

Turatia Momentului Maxim

nM

n(rot/min)

74000 [W]
5200 [rot/min]
163.08 [N*m]
3120 [rot/min]

Pe(kW)

Me(N*m)

c(g/kW)

C(kg/h)

1000
1100

14.12
15.83

134.85
137.45

387.75
380.42

5.48
6.02

1200
1300

17.58
19.37

139.92
142.27

373.69
367.51

6.57
7.12

1400
1500

21.18
23.03

144.50
146.60

361.86
356.68

7.67
8.21

1600
1700
1800

24.89
26.78
28.68

148.57
150.42
152.14

351.94
347.62
343.69

8.76
9.31
9.86

1900
2000

30.59
32.50

153.73
155.20

340.12
336.90

10.40
10.95

2100
2200

34.42
36.34

156.55
157.77

334.00
331.42

11.50
12.05

2300
2400

38.26
40.17

158.86
159.83

329.14
327.15

12.59
13.14

2500
2600

42.06
43.94

160.67
161.39

325.44
323.99

13.69
14.24

2700
2800

45.79
47.63

161.98
162.44

322.81
321.89

14.78
15.33

2900
3000

49.43
51.20

162.78
162.99

321.22
320.80

15.88
16.43

3100
3120
3200

52.94
53.28
54.63

163.08
163.08
163.04

320.62
320.62
320.70

16.97
17.08
17.52

3300
3400

56.28
57.89

162.88
162.59

321.02
321.59

18.07
18.62

3500
3600

59.44
60.93

162.18
161.64

322.41
323.49

19.16
19.71

3700
3800

62.37
63.74

160.97
160.18

324.83
326.43

20.26
20.81

3900
4000

65.04
66.27

159.26
158.22

328.31
330.48

21.35
21.90

4100

67.42

157.05

332.94

22.45

4200
4300

68.50
69.49

155.76
154.34

335.70
338.79

23.00
23.54

4400
4500

70.40
71.21

152.79
151.12

342.22
346.00

24.09
24.64

4600
4700
4800

71.93
72.54
73.06

149.32
147.40
145.35

350.16
354.73
359.73

25.19
25.73
26.28

4900
5000

73.46
73.76

143.18
140.88

365.19
371.15

26.83
27.38

5100
5200

73.94
74.00

138.45
135.90

377.65
384.74

27.92
28.47

1.5 Stabilirea vitezei maxime a autovehiculului

Viteza maxima se determina din conditia functionarii motorului dupa caracteristica
externa (sarcina maxima).

v max=

(
B
+
2

A=

B=

B
2

A
3

) ( )
+

B
+
2

B
2

A
3

) ( )
+

Gtf
KS

tr pV

max

K S

Pvmax=P (pt. M.A.C.)=

74000.00
370.58

A=
B=
Vmax=

[m/s]

Vmax=

[km/h]

119118.37
45.44
163.58

1.6 Determinarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei

Valoarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei principale ale autocisternei (i) se determina
din conditia realizarii vitezei maxime in priza directa a cutiei de viteze, pe drum orizontal de calitate
foarte buna.

Raportul de transmitere al transmisiei principale :

i0=

rnV max

30 i kv maxiCDN v max

Raza dinamica

Rd

Turatia vitezei maxime

nvmax

Raportul din CV pentru Vmax

Raportul din reductor

ikvmax
iCDN

Viteza maxima

Vmax

0.305 m
5200 rot/min
1
1
45.44 m/s

i0

3.66
Coeficientul rezistentei totale:

max = f cos ( max )+sin ( max )

max=

0.19

1.7 Determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere din cutia de viteze

Presupunem ca valorile rapoartelor de transmitere ale cutiei de viteze, formeaza o
progresie geometrica.

Calculul raportului de transmitere din treapa I

Raportul de transmitere in prima treapta din cutia de viteze se calculeaza din conditia invingerii
pantei maxime (max), neglijand forta de rezistenta a aerului care este neinsemnata din cauza
vitezei reduse. Urcarea pantei maxime are loc la valoarea maxima a momentului motor.

G a maxr
M mtri 0

i k 1

mG mr
M mtri 0

Coeficientul de aderenta:
= 0.8
Coeficientul schimbarii dinamice a reactiunilor la puntea motoare:

Gt maxr
M m tri 0

mG mr
M M tri 0

1.82

4.62

ik1= 3.15

Raportul de transmitere pentru treapta I

Determinarea celorlalte rapoarte din cutia de viteze
Cunoscand rapoartele de transmitere din prima treapta i cvI si la penultima treapta

in priza directa icvVI se trece la determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere intermediare.

Pentru aceasta se considera ca motorul lucreaza tot timpul pe caracteristica externa,

adica la admisie totala.

Numarul de trepte din cutia de viteze :

i= 5

Ratia geometrica:

q=

51
i k 1 = 3 . 15=

n1

i k 2 =ik 1q(21 )=3 . 151. 3321=

1.332

2.364

i k 3 =ik 1q

(31 )

i k 4 =i k 1q

( 41)

=3. 151. 3323 =

1.332

i k 5 =ik 1q

(51 )

=3. 151. 3324 =

1.000

=3. 151. 3322 =

1.775

m = 1.2

Determinarea vitezelor corespunzatoare treptelor de viteza

Turatia limita inferioara de schimbare a treptei:

n1 =n n /q=

3903.24

Se adopta turatia limita inferioara de schimbare a treptelor de viteza n1 :

n1= 3903.24
Viteza minima a treptei de viteza:
v i min=

rn1
30i 0i ki

Viteza maxima a treptei de viteza:

v i max=

rn
30i 0i ki

Puterea la roata:

Pr = Petr
Momentul la roata:

Mr = Mei trtr
Forta la roata:

Fr=

Mei 0i trtr
r

Factorul dinamic:

D=

Fr Fa
Ga

Acceleratia :

g
a= ( D )

Coeficientii maselor de rotatie corespunzatori treptelor de viteza alese se vor calcula cu relatia:

i 2tr
I r g
g
tr
=1+ I m

+ 2
2
Ga
Ga
r
r
Se adopta: Momentul de inertie al motorului Im :

I m =0,3
Momentul de inertie al rotilor autovehiculului Ir :

I r =30
Treapta de viteza

Rap.trans. Ik

Viteza [m/s]

Viteza [km/h]

3.15

2.994

14.425

51.929

2
3

2.364
1.775

2.921
2.880

19.217
25.588

69.181
92.118

4
5

1.332
1.000

2.857
2.844

34.089
45.438

122.722
163.576

2. PERFORMANTELE AUTOTURISMULUI
Performantele reprezinta posibilitatile maxime ale autoturismului in privinta vitezei,
demarajului si capacitatii de franare, precum si indicii de apreciere ai acestora.

Caracteristica fortei la roata

Caracteristica fortei la roata sau caracateristica de tractiune reprezinta curbele de variatie
ale acesteia in functie de viteza autoturismului Fr=f(v) pentru fiecare treapta a cutiei
de viteze utilizate.

Fr =

Mei 0i trtr
r

Me - momentul efectiv al motorului

itr - raportul de transmitere al transmisiei
tr - randamentul transmisiei
r - raza dinamica a rotii

Caracteristica dinamica a autovehiculului

Forta de tractiune disponibila excedentara: Fe=Fr-Rd , care se utilizeaza la invingerea

rezisetntelor drumului si rezistentei la demarare, caracterizeaza dinamicitatea
autoturismului, dar nu poate fi folosita ca indice de comparatie pentru autoturismului
de greutati diferite, deoarece la valori egale ale fortei excedentare Fe, calitatile dinamice
al unui autoturism cu greutate mai mica sunt superioare celor ale unui
autototurism cu greutate totala mai mare.

D=

FrkSv
Ga

Acceleratia si inversul ei

Acceleratia autoturismului caracterizeaza in general, calitatile lui dinamice,

deoarece, in conditii egale, cu cat este mai mare cu atat creste viteza medie de exploatare.
Valoarea acceleratiei autoturismului se poate determina cu ajutorul caracteristicii dinamice.

turatia limita inf de schimbare a treptei n1=n/q=

se adopta turatia lim inf de scimb a treptelor de vitteza
n

v1
3903
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500

10.827
11.096
11.373
11.651
11.928
12.206
12.483
12.760
13.038
13.315

v2
14.903
14.782
15.152
15.521
15.891
16.261
16.630
17.000
17.369
17.739

13.593

18.108

13.870

18.478

14.147

18.847

14.425

19.217

14.702

19.587

14.980

19.956

15.257

20.326

Pe

v3

v4
19.854
19.693
20.186
20.678
21.170
21.663
22.155
22.647
23.140
23.632
24.124
24.617
25.109
25.601
26.094
26.586
27.078

Me

Turatia

Putere
n
[rot/min]

Moment
Me
[N*m]

Pe
[kW]
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500

14.120
15.832
17.582
19.367
21.183
23.026

134.848
137.449
139.925
142.274
144.498
146.597

32.139
32.795
33.451
34.107
34.763
35.419
36.074
v

4680 49.4307400717

0,9*vmax

26.450
26.236
26.892
27.548
28.204
28.860
29.515
30.171
30.827
31.483

101

Viteza I
[m/s]
2.774
3.051
3.329
3.606
3.884
4.161

40.894

Fr
[N]
4683.365
4773.699
4859.668
4941.273
5018.515
5091.393

1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3120
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
3903
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
0
0
0

24.891
26.776
28.675
30.586
32.503
34.424
36.344
38.260
40.166
42.060
43.938
45.794
47.627
49.431
51.202
52.938
53.280
54.633
56.284
57.886
59.437
60.931
62.366
63.736
65.039
66.270
66.270
67.425
68.500
69.492
70.396
71.208
71.925
72.543
73.057
73.464
73.759
73.939
74.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1/a[I]

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100

148.569
150.417
152.138
153.734
155.204
156.548
157.767
158.860
159.828
160.670
161.386
161.976
162.441
162.781
162.994
163.082
163.085
163.044
162.881
162.592
162.177
161.637
160.971
160.180
159.262
158.219
158.219
157.051
155.757
154.337
152.791
151.120
149.323
147.401
145.353
143.179
140.880
138.455
135.904
0.000
0.000
0.000
1/a[II]

1.18
1.16
1.14
1.12
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.06
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98

4.438
4.716
4.993
5.271
5.548
5.825
6.103
6.380
6.658
6.935
7.212
7.490
7.767
8.045
8.322
8.599
8.655
8.877
9.154
9.432
9.709
9.986
10.264
10.541
10.819
10.827
11.096
11.373
11.651
11.928
12.206
12.483
12.760
13.038
13.315
13.593
13.870
14.147
14.425
0.000
0.000
0.000
1/a[III]

1.56
1.53
1.51
1.48
1.46
1.44
1.42
1.40
1.38
1.37
1.36
1.34
1.33
1.33
1.32
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30

5159.906
5224.056
5283.842
5339.264
5390.321
5437.015
5479.346
5517.312
5550.914
5580.152
5605.027
5625.537
5641.684
5653.466
5660.885
5663.940
5664.027
5662.630
5656.957
5646.920
5632.519
5613.754
5590.626
5563.133
5531.276
5495.056
5495.056
5454.471
5409.523
5360.210
5306.534
5248.494
5186.090
5119.322
5048.190
4972.694
4892.834
4808.610
4720.022
0.000
0.000
0.000
1/a[IV]

2.11
2.07
2.03
1.99
1.96
1.94
1.91
1.89
1.89
1.85
1.84
1.82
1.81
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.79

2.89
2.84
2.79
2.75
2.72
2.67
2.64
2.62
2.59
2.58
2.56
2.55
2.54
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.54
2.54
2.56
2.57
2.59

3120
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
3903
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
0
0
0

0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.20
-24.95
-24.95
-24.95

1.30
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.36
1.37
1.39
1.41
1.42
1.44
1.47
1.49
1.52
1.55
1.58
1.61
1.65
-24.34
-24.34
-24.34

1.79
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.85
1.87
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.93
1.96
1.99
2.03
2.06
2.10
2.15
2.20
2.25
2.31
2.38
2.45
-24.00
-24.00
-24.00

2.59
2.61
2.64
2.66
2.70
2.73
2.78
2.82
2.88
2.90
2.93
3.00
3.07
3.15
3.24
3.34
3.45
3.58
3.72
3.88
4.06
4.26
4.50
-23.81
-23.81
-23.81

3. DEMARAJUL AUTOTURISMULUI
Performantele si calitatile dinamice ale autoturismelor sunt puternic influentate de
capacitatea de demarare a acestora.
3.1 Timpul si spatiul de demarare
Capacitatea de demarare a autoturismului este caracterizata de acceleratie, insa
pentru a avea indici de apreciere mai usor de utilizat in compararea diferitelor tipuri
de autoturisme, este necesara determinarea timpului si spatiului. Studiul demarajului
autoturismului presupune determinarea acceleratiei, a timpului si spatiului de demaraj, indici cu
care se poate aprecia si compara capacitatea de demarare pentru diferite tipuri de autoturisme.

t d =t i1 +

1
1 v i v i1
+

ai a i1
2

tabel 4
Treapta

S d =S i1 +(t i t i 1 ) v i ( t it i1 )

[rot/min]
I

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500

[m/s]
0
2.77399
3.05138
3.32878
3.60618
3.88358
4.16098
4.43838
4.71577
4.99317
5.27057
5.54797
5.82537
6.10277
6.38017
6.65756
6.93496
7.21236
7.48976
7.76716
8.04456
8.32196
8.59935
8.65483
8.87675
9.15415
9.43155
9.70895
9.98635
10.26375
10.54114
10.81854
10.82686
11.09594
11.37334
11.65074
11.92814
12.20553
12.48293
12.76033
13.03773
13.31513
13.59253
13.86993
14.14732
14.42472
0.00000

1/a

[s2/m]
0
1.18293
1.15972
1.13849
1.11908
1.10134
1.08515
1.07039
1.05696
1.04479
1.03380
1.02391
1.01508
1.00726
1.00040
0.99446
0.98942
0.98524
0.98191
0.97941
0.97773
0.97686
0.97679
0.97688
0.97753
0.97908
0.98144
0.98463
0.98866
0.99355
0.99934
1.00604
1.01305
1.01371
1.02236
1.03207
1.04287
1.05484
1.06805
1.08258
1.09853
1.11600
1.13512
1.15603
1.17890
1.20391
-24.94964

vi vi 1
2

Td

[s]
0
1.64071
1.96563
2.28439
2.59752
2.90549
3.20875
3.50772
3.80278
4.09430
4.38259
4.66800
4.95080
5.23130
5.50976
5.78644
6.06161
6.33549
6.60833
6.88037
7.15182
7.42292
7.69389
7.74809
7.96495
8.23633
8.50825
8.78094
9.05463
9.32957
9.60598
9.88412
9.89253
10.16520
10.44760
10.73255
11.02034
11.31130
11.60574
11.90403
12.20655
12.51370
12.82593
13.14371
13.46757
13.79806
185.06086

II

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500

4.06513
4.43469
4.80424
5.17380
5.54336
5.91292
6.28247
6.65203
7.02159
7.39115
7.76070
8.13026
8.49982
8.86937
9.23893
9.60849
9.97805
10.34760
10.71716
11.08672
11.45628
11.53019
11.82583
12.19539
12.56495
12.93451
13.30406
13.67362
14.04318
14.41273
14.42382
14.78229
15.15185
15.52141
15.89096
16.26052
16.63008
16.99964
17.36919
17.73875
18.10831
18.47786
18.84742
19.21698
0.00000
0.00000

1.53355
1.50546
1.47983
1.45648
1.43522
1.41590
1.39840
1.38259
1.36839
1.35569
1.34443
1.33454
1.32597
1.31866
1.31258
1.30769
1.30396
1.30139
1.29994
1.29963
1.30044
1.30073
1.30238
1.30545
1.30969
1.31510
1.32171
1.32957
1.33872
1.34920
1.35893
1.36108
1.37443
1.38932
1.40586
1.42414
1.44429
1.46645
1.49078
1.51746
1.54671
1.57876
1.61390
1.65245
-24.34283
-24.34283

3.11704
3.67859
4.23021
4.77277
5.30710
5.83392
6.35395
6.86781
7.37614
7.87949
8.37841
8.87343
9.36504
9.85371
10.33991
10.82407
11.30665
11.78806
12.26873
12.74908
13.22952
13.32564
13.71044
14.19231
14.67553
15.16054
15.64776
16.13766
16.63071
17.12738
17.14239
17.62991
18.13538
18.64606
19.16255
19.68547
20.21550
20.75334
21.29977
21.85563
22.42183
22.99935
23.58928
24.19283
242.21314
242.21314

III

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800

5.41567
5.90800
6.40034
6.89267
7.38500
7.87734
8.36967
8.86200
9.35434

2.06549
2.02820
1.99437
1.96372
1.93601
1.91104
1.88863
1.88863
1.85085

5.59300
6.60073
7.59095
8.56530
9.52528
10.47230
11.40765
12.33749
13.25802

IV

1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500

9.84667
10.33900
10.83134
11.32367
11.81600
12.30834
12.80067
13.29301
13.78534
14.27767
14.77001
15.26234
15.36081
15.75467
16.24701
16.73934
17.23167
17.72401
18.21634
18.70867
19.20101
19.21578
19.69334
20.18567
20.67801
21.17034
21.66268
22.15501
22.64734
23.13968
23.63201
24.12434
24.61668
25.10901
25.60134
0.00000
0.00000

1.83524
1.82167
1.81006
1.80035
1.79246
1.78636
1.78201
1.77938
1.77846
1.77924
1.78173
1.78594
1.78700
1.79190
1.79964
1.80921
1.82066
1.83407
1.84951
1.86709
1.88693
1.90156
1.90914
1.93390
1.96138
1.99178
2.02535
2.06235
2.10311
2.14799
2.19742
2.25191
2.31204
2.37851
2.45216
-24.00094
-24.00094

14.16541
15.06562
15.95963
16.84840
17.73283
18.61381
19.49222
20.36892
21.24474
22.12053
22.99712
23.87537
24.05127
24.75608
25.64020
26.52858
27.42213
28.32180
29.22858
30.14348
31.06760
31.09558
32.00551
32.95154
33.91043
34.88356
35.87245
36.87870
37.90410
38.95058
40.02027
41.11555
42.23904
43.39370
44.58285
320.42172
320.42172

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700

7.21489
7.87079
8.52669
9.18259
9.83849
10.49439
11.15029
11.80618
12.46208
13.11798
13.77388
14.42978
15.08568
15.74158
16.39748
17.05338
17.70928
18.36518
19.02107
19.67697
20.33287
20.46405
20.98877
21.64467
22.30057
22.95647
23.61237
24.26827

2.83709
2.78891
2.74584
2.71787
2.67345
2.64352
2.61743
2.59496
2.57595
2.56025
2.54775
2.53835
2.53198
2.52861
2.52821
2.53077
2.53632
2.54489
2.55654
2.57136
2.58946
2.59348
2.61097
2.63606
2.66492
2.69779
2.73495
2.77671

10.23465
12.07970
13.89482
15.68663
17.45471
19.19842
20.92374
22.63315
24.32895
26.01336
27.68853
29.35651
31.01932
32.67894
34.33732
35.99641
37.65816
39.32454
40.99755
42.67924
44.37173
44.71168
46.07712
47.79788
49.53633
51.29503
53.07670
54.88424

3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500

24.92417
25.58007
25.59974
26.23596
26.89186
27.54776
28.20366
28.85956
29.51546
30.17136
30.82726
31.48316
32.13906
32.79496
33.45086
34.10675
0.00000
0.00000

2.82346
2.87564
2.90194
2.93376
2.99845
3.07041
3.15051
3.23976
3.33938
3.45082
3.57588
3.71674
3.87609
4.05735
4.26480
4.50399
-23.80830
-23.80830

56.72082
58.58983
58.64667
60.50308
62.44854
64.43882
66.47897
68.57466
70.73229
72.95913
75.26354
77.65515
80.14522
82.74698
85.47623
88.35195
417.55568
417.55568

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400

9.61186
10.48566
11.35947
12.23327
13.10708
13.98089
14.85469
15.72850
16.60230
17.47611
18.34991
19.22372
20.09752
20.97133
21.84513
22.71894
23.59274
24.46655
25.34035
26.21416
27.08797
27.26273
27.96177
28.83558
29.70938
30.58319
31.45699
32.33080
33.20460
34.07841
34.10462
34.95221
35.82602
36.69982
37.57363
38.44743
39.32124
40.19504
41.06885
41.94266
42.81646
43.69027
44.56407
45.43788
0.00000

4.01294
3.95833
3.91207
3.87361
3.84253
3.81850
3.80125
3.79061
3.78647
3.78879
3.79758
3.81295
3.83504
3.86410
3.90043
3.94444
3.99663
4.05761
4.12813
4.20911
4.30163
4.32163
4.40702
4.52692
4.66328
4.81853
4.99569
5.19849
5.43169
5.70139
5.78364
6.01550
6.38453
6.82267
7.34960
7.99337
8.79540
9.81953
11.16943
13.02550
15.73192
20.03699
27.93257
47.07336
-23.69976

19.28588
22.76855
26.20715
29.60873
32.97993
36.32706
39.65615
42.97305
46.28350
49.59315
52.90766
56.23272
59.57414
62.93792
66.33027
69.75771
73.22719
76.74611
80.32249
83.96505
87.68341
88.43691
91.48777
95.39103
99.40626
103.54889
107.83675
112.29061
116.93496
121.79903
121.94957
126.94999
132.36760
138.13786
144.32976
151.03314
158.36820
166.50112
175.67125
186.24207
198.80626
214.43379
235.39182
268.16211
-262.86129

0.9*Vmax

5500
4680

0.00000
40.89409

135.24540
43.46440

-262.86129
3391.22595

4. BILANTUL DE PUTERE
Acesta reprezinta echilibrul dintre puterea la roata Pr si suma puterilor necesare
invingerii rezistentelor la inaintare si se determina cu relatia:

Pr =tr Pe= Pr + P p + P a + Pd =v a ( Ga f cos +G a sin +kSv 2 +G a a a )

a

Pe = puterea efectiva a motorului

Pr = puterea consumata pentru invingerea rezistentelor la rulare
Pp = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei la urcarea pantei
Pa = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei aerului
Pd = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei la demarare

Pr =Gafcos v a
Pp=Gasin v a
Pa=KSv 3
a

Panta

Coeficient

12
10
5
0
tabel 5

0.2274746428
0.1933443327
0.1070796367
0.02

Ga
S
K

tr
f

17650
3.008065
0.19
0.92
0.012

PRi = Petr
Pr
10818.5420998407
11900.3963098248
12982.2505198089
14064.1047297929
15145.958939777
16227.8131497611
17309.6673597452
18391.5215697292
19473.3757797133
20555.2299896974
21637.0841996815
22718.9384096655
23800.7926196496
24882.6468296337
25964.5010396177
27046.3552496018
28128.2094595859
29210.06366957
30291.917879554
31373.7720895381
32455.6262995222
33537.4805095063
33753.8513515031
34619.3347194903
35701.1889294744
36783.0431394585
37864.8973494426
38946.7515594266
40028.6057694107
41110.4599793948
42192.3141893788
14412.7342153971
15854.0076369368
17295.2810584765
18736.5544800162
20177.8279015559
21619.1013230956
23060.3747446353
24501.648166175
25942.9215877147
27384.1950092544
28825.4684307941
30266.7418523339
31708.0152738736
33149.2886954133
34590.562116953
36031.8355384927
37473.1089600324
38914.3823815721
40355.6558031118
41796.9292246515
43238.2026461912
44679.4760677309
44967.7307520389
46120.7494892706
47562.0229108104
49003.2963323501
50444.5697538898
51885.8431754295
53327.1165969692
54768.3900185089
56209.6634400486

Pa = kSva
Pa
128.0747885883
170.467543611
221.3132346805
281.3803105284
351.4372198862
432.2524114854
524.5943340576
629.2314363342
746.9321670468
878.4649749269
1024.5983087062
1186.100617116
1363.7403488879
1558.2859527535
1770.5058774443
2001.1685716917
2251.0424842274
2520.8960637829
2811.4977590897
3123.6160188793
3458.0192918833
3815.4760268332
3889.801412745
4196.7546724604
4602.6236774967
5033.8514906734
5491.2065607221
5975.4573363743
6487.3722663617
7027.7197994156
7597.2683842676
302.8283728419
403.0645642526
523.2874282708
665.3139351337
830.9610550782
1022.0457583415
1240.3850151605
1487.7957957724
1766.0950704141
2077.0998093227
2422.6269827354
2804.493560889
3224.5165140208
3684.5128123676
4186.2994261667
4731.693325655
5322.5114810696
5960.5708626475
6647.6884406258
7385.6811852416
8176.3660667318
9021.5600553336
9197.2998392882
9923.080121284
10882.7432348201
11902.3663661788
12983.7664855973
14128.7605633126
15339.1655695618
16616.7984745818
17963.4762486098

PR

va

2.774
3.051
3.329
3.606
3.884
4.161
4.438
4.716
4.993
5.271
5.548
5.825
6.103
6.380
6.658
6.935
7.212
7.490
7.767
8.045
8.322
8.599
8.655
8.877
9.154
9.432
9.709
9.986
10.264
10.541
10.819
3.696
4.065
4.435
4.804
5.174
5.543
5.913
6.282
6.652
7.022
7.391
7.761
8.130
8.500
8.869
9.239
9.608
9.978
10.348
10.717
11.087
11.456
11.530
11.826
12.195
12.565
12.935
13.304
13.674
14.043
14.413

12.9906292672
14.5653133534
16.1755848885
17.8178125
19.4883648157
21.1836104631
22.8999180701
24.6336562642
26.3811936732
28.1388989247
29.9031406463
31.6702874659
33.4367080109
35.1987709092
36.9528447883
38.6952982761
40.4225
42.1308185878
43.8166226673
45.476280866
47.1061618116
48.7026341318
49.0176
50.2620664543
51.7808274067
53.2552856168
54.6818097121
56.0567683204
57.3765300694
58.6374635867
59.8359375
12.9906292672
14.5653133534
16.1755848885
17.8178125
19.4883648157
21.1836104631
22.8999180701
24.6336562642
26.3811936732
28.1388989247
29.9031406463
31.6702874659
33.4367080109
35.1987709092
36.9528447883
38.6952982761
40.4225
42.1308185878
43.8166226673
45.476280866
47.1061618116
48.7026341318
49.0176
50.2620664543
51.7808274067
53.2552856168
54.6818097121
56.0567683204
57.3765300694
58.6374635867
59.8359375

Pr = fGavacosa
0
Pr+Pa+Pp

14.6040275038
16.1058496408
17.6195058883
19.1460720745
20.6866240275
22.2422375758
23.8139885473
25.4029527705
27.0102060735
28.6368242845
30.2838832318
31.9524587435
33.643626648
35.3584627734
37.0980429479
38.8634429998
40.6557387574
42.4760060487
44.3253207021
46.2047585458
48.115395408
50.0583071169
50.4508571132
52.0345695008
54.0452583878
56.0914496062
58.1742189843
60.2946423502
62.4537955321
64.6527543584
66.8925946571
19.6409386758
21.7029672392
23.7929771442
25.9135121492
28.0671160125
30.2563324925
32.4837053474
34.7517783356
37.0630952155
39.4201997454
41.8256356836
44.2819467884
46.7916768181
49.3573695312
51.9815686859
54.6668180406
57.4156613535
60.2306423831
63.1143048877
66.0691926255
69.097849355
72.2028188344
72.8331941111
75.3866448222
78.6518710765
82.0010413558
85.4366994184
88.9613890225
92.5776539267
96.2880378891
100.0950846681

19201.0074598439
21121.1082058283
23041.2089518127
24961.3096977971
26881.4104437815
28801.5111897659
30721.6119357503
32641.7126817347
34561.8134277191
36481.9141737035
38402.0149196879
40322.1156656723
42242.2164116567
44162.3171576411
46082.4179036255
48002.5186496099
49922.6193955942
51842.7201415787
53762.820887563
55682.9216335474
57603.0223795318
59523.1231255162
59907.1432747131
61443.2238715006
63363.324617485
65283.4253634694
67203.5261094538
69123.6268554382
71043.7276014226
72963.828347407
74883.9290933914
25580.0656532696
28138.0722185966
30696.0787839235
33254.0853492505
35812.0919145775
38370.0984799044
40928.1050452314
43486.1116105584
46044.1181758853
48602.1247412123
51160.1313065392
53718.1378718662
56276.1444371932
58834.1510025201
61392.1575678471
63950.164133174
66508.170698501
69066.177263828
71624.1838291549
74182.1903944819
76740.1969598089
79298.2035251358
79809.8048382012
81856.2100904628
84414.2166557898
86972.2232211167
89530.2297864437
92088.2363517706
94646.2429170976
97204.2494824246
99762.2560477515

716.0271307798
953.0321110679
1237.2948819875
1573.1116063232
1964.7784468597
2416.5915663817
2932.847127674
3517.841293521
4175.8702267076
4911.2300900185
5728.2170462382
6631.1272581515
7624.256888543
8711.9021001975
9898.3590558996
11187.9239184339
12584.8928505853
14093.5620151383
15718.2275748775
17463.1856925878
19332.7325310538
21331.1642530602
21746.6948458113
23462.7770213916
25731.8669988327
28142.7303481681
30699.6632321827
33406.961813661
36268.9222553878
39289.8407201476
42474.0133707253
1693.0211895315
2253.4112032664
2925.5406155104
3719.5675534007
4645.6501440744
5713.9465146688
6934.614792321
8317.8131041682
9873.6995773476
11612.4323389965
13544.1695162519
15679.0692362511
18027.2896261313
20598.9888130296
23404.3249240833
26453.4560864295
29756.5404272054
33323.7360735483
37165.2011525952
41291.0937914834
45711.5721173502
50436.7942573325
51419.301858211
55476.9183385678
60842.1024881931
66542.5048333456
72588.2835011625
78989.5966187811
85756.6023133384
92899.4587119718
100428.323941818

4.923
5.416
5.908
6.400
6.893
7.385
7.877
8.370
8.862
9.354
9.847
10.339
10.831
11.324
11.816
12.308
12.801
13.293
13.785
14.278
14.770
15.262
15.361
15.755
16.247
16.739
17.232
17.724
18.216
18.709
19.201
6.559
7.215
7.871
8.527
9.183
9.838
10.494
11.150
11.806
12.462
13.118
13.774
14.430
15.086
15.742
16.397
17.053
17.709
18.365
19.021
19.677
20.333
20.464
20.989
21.645
22.301
22.956
23.612
24.268
24.924
25.580

12.9906292672
14.5653133534
16.1755848885
17.8178125
19.4883648157
21.1836104631
22.8999180701
24.6336562642
26.3811936732
28.1388989247
29.9031406463
31.6702874659
33.4367080109
35.1987709092
36.9528447883
38.6952982761
40.4225
42.1308185878
43.8166226673
45.476280866
47.1061618116
48.7026341318
49.0176
50.2620664543
51.7808274067
53.2552856168
54.6818097121
56.0567683204
57.3765300694
58.6374635867
59.8359375
12.9906292672
14.5653133534
16.1755848885
17.8178125
19.4883648157
21.1836104631
22.8999180701
24.6336562642
26.3811936732
28.1388989247
29.9031406463
31.6702874659
33.4367080109
35.1987709092
36.9528447883
38.6952982761
40.4225
42.1308185878
43.8166226673
45.476280866
47.1061618116
48.7026341318
49.0176
50.2620664543
51.7808274067
53.2552856168
54.6818097121
56.0567683204
57.3765300694
58.6374635867
59.8359375

26.6037812629
29.4957225633
32.4538247705
35.4841025126
38.5925704173
41.7852431126
45.0681352264
48.4472613866
51.928636221
55.5182743576
59.2221904243
63.046399049
66.9969148595
71.0797524838
75.3009265498
79.6664516853
84.1823425183
88.8546136766
93.6892797882
98.692355481
103.8698553829
109.2277941216
110.3215638171
114.7721863253
120.5090466217
126.4443896387
132.5842300043
138.9345823464
145.5014612928
152.2908814714
159.3088575102
36.4769838697
40.6722053094
45.0238619069
49.5461750404
54.2533660878
59.1596564271
64.2792674362
69.6264204932
75.2153369761
81.0602382629
87.1753457315
93.5748807599
100.2730647262
107.2841190083
114.6222649842
122.3017240319
130.3367175294
138.7414668547
147.5301933858
156.7171185007
166.3164635774
176.3424499938
178.4000957191
186.8092991279
197.7312323579
209.1224710615
220.9972366169
233.369750402
246.2542337948
259.6649081733
273.6159949155

34078.4076144983
37486.2483759481
40894.0891373979
44301.9298988478
47709.7706602976
51117.6114217474
54525.4521831973
57933.2929446471
61341.1337060969
64748.9744675468
68156.8152289966
71564.6559904464
74972.4967518963
78380.3375133461
81788.1782747959
85196.0190362457
88603.8597976955
92011.7005591454
95419.5413205952
98827.382082045
102235.222843495
105643.063604945
106324.631757235
109050.904366395
112458.745127844
115866.585889294
119274.426650744
122682.267412194
126090.108173644
129497.948935094
132905.789696543

4003.0895827664
5328.1122346621
6917.3387990203
8794.7878133378
10984.477815111
13510.4273418366
16396.6549310111
19667.1791201313
23346.0184466936
27457.1914481947
32024.7166621311
37072.6126259996
42624.8978772966
48705.5909535187
55338.7103921626
62548.2747307249
70358.3025067021
78792.812257591
87875.8225208878
97631.3518340895
108083.418734693
119256.041760194
121579.146731581
131173.239448089
143859.030335876
157337.43296105
171632.465861109
186768.147573549
202768.496635866
219657.531585558
237459.27096012

8.738
9.612
10.486
11.359
12.233
13.107
13.981
14.855
15.728
16.602
17.476
18.350
19.224
20.098
20.971
21.845
22.719
23.593
24.467
25.340
26.214
27.088
27.263
27.962
28.836
29.709
30.583
31.457
32.331
33.205
34.078

12.9906292672
14.5653133534
16.1755848885
17.8178125
19.4883648157
21.1836104631
22.8999180701
24.6336562642
26.3811936732
28.1388989247
29.9031406463
31.6702874659
33.4367080109
35.1987709092
36.9528447883
38.6952982761
40.4225
42.1308185878
43.8166226673
45.476280866
47.1061618116
48.7026341318
49.0176
50.2620664543
51.7808274067
53.2552856168
54.6818097121
56.0567683204
57.3765300694
58.6374635867
59.8359375

51.0422022352
57.4410216298
64.2097265018
71.3819428038
78.9912964882
87.0714135076
95.6559198143
104.778441361
114.4726041002
124.7720339842
135.7103569656
147.321198997
159.6381860307
172.6949440194
186.5250989154
201.1622766713
216.6401032396
232.9922045728
250.2522066234
268.4537353438
287.6304166866
307.8158766042
311.9769811005
329.0437410492
351.347635974
374.7611873312
399.3180210732
425.0517631526
451.9960395217
480.1844761332
509.6506989396

5. FRANAREA AUTOTURISMULUI
Franarea este procesul prin care se reduce partial sau total viteza autobasculantei. De capacitatea de franare a autobasculantei depinde
in mare masura posibilitatea utilizarii integrale a vitezei si acceleratiei acestuia, elemente ce determina viteza medie de exploatare.
Forta de franare si repartitia ei pe punti
Forta de franare tangentiala care actioneaza asupra rotii in timpul franarii se realizeaza la rotile autobasculantei ca urmare a actiunii
momentelor de franare Mf, de rezistenta la rulare Mrul si de inertie a rotii M.
Suprafata pe care se franeaza este:
asfalt uscat: =0.8
pamant batatorit: =0.6
asfalt umed: =0.4
zapada batatorita: =0.2
Spatiul minim de franare este:
2

v
2g( f + )
v2 1
Sf min=

2g cos ( f + )+sin
Sf min=

Spatiul de oprire al autocamionului este:

S opr = Sf min+ Ss=

t '
v2
1
+ v (t 0 +t ' + )
1
2g
2

unde:
t0 timpul de reactie al conducatorului auto
t0 = (0.451)s
t1 timpul din momentul inceperii cursei active a pedalei de frana la atingerea valorii nominale a fortei pe pedala de frana
t1= (0.20.5)s

t1 intarzierea din momentul inceperii dezvoltarii fortei de franare pana la atingerea valorii maxime
t1= (0.11)s

=0
spatiul minim de franare(sfmin)[m]

viteza

=0,2

[m/s]

0
5
10
15
20
30
40.946

=0,4

0
5.79186359
23.1674543601
52.1267723103
92.6698174405
208.507089241
388.4197284774

=0,8

=0,6

0
0
3.0338333091
2.0551774029
12.1353332363
8.2207096117
27.3044997816 18.4965966262
48.541332945 32.8828384466
109.217999126 73.9863865049
203.457953012 137.8263552662

0
1.5539146217
6.2156584869
13.9852315954
24.8626339474
55.9409263817
104.2101710549

.
spatiul de oprire(so)[m]

viteza

=0,2

[m/s]

0
5
10
15
20
30
40.946
=0
viteza

=0,4

0
7.7031785747
30.812714299
69.3286071726
123.2508571958
277.3144286906
516.598238875

=0,6

0
4.0349983011
16.1399932042
36.3149847095
64.5599728169
145.259938838
270.599077506

=0,8

0
2.7333859459
10.9335437835
24.6004735129
43.734175134
98.4018940515
183.309052504

0
2.0667064469
8.2668257875
18.6003580219
33.0673031501
74.4014320877
138.599527503

deceleratia maxima[m/s2]

[m/s]

=0,2

0
5
10
15
20
30
40.946

=0,4

2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2

=0,6

4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2

=0,8

6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2

8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2

6. CALCULUL STABILITATII AUTOCAMIONULUI

Stabilitatea autobasculantei este proprietatea acesteia de a se opune alunecarii, patinarii si rasturnarii.
6.1 Stabilitatea transversala
- stabilitatea de derapare:
Viteza limita de deplasare (pentru viraj cu raza constanta si viteza constanta), fara aparitia deraparii este:

vd =

gRv( y +tg )
1 ytg

Unde: unghiul de inclinare transversala al virajului

y coeficientul stabilitatii transversale a autocamionului
Conditia producerii deraparii inaintea resturnarii este: Vd<Vr
- stabilitatea de rasturnare
Viteza critica de resturnare apare in momentul in care rotile de pe aceeasi parte a autobasculantei incepe sa piarda
contactul cu calea de rulare

B
+tg r
2h g
v cr =
Rvg
B
1
tg r
2hg

B
+tg r
2h g
v cr =
Rvg
B
1
tg r
2hg

=0
=0,8
vcd [km/h]

R
[m]

50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400

vcr [km/h]

71.31
100.85
123.52
142.63
159.46
174.68
188.68
201.70

R
g
Fi
Beta
hg
B

-raza de curbura
-acceleratia gravitationala
-coeficient de aderenta
-unghiul de inclinare transversal al drumului
-inaltimea centrului de greutate
-ecartamentul

71.65
101.34
124.11
143.31
160.22
175.52
189.58 vcd=sqrt(gR(Fi+tgBeta)/(1-FitgBeta))
202.67 vcr=sqrt(gR(B/2hg+tgBeta)/(1-BtgBeta/2hg))

3903.24404
3903.24
v5
35.238
34.952
35.826
36.700
37.574
38.447
39.321
40.195
41.069
41.943
42.816
43.690
44.564
45.438
46.312
47.185
48.059
Fr

362.42393951

Treapta I
D
0.26510
0.27016
0.27498
0.27954
0.28385
0.28790

0.01312 0.0461327

a
[m/s2]
0.84536
0.86228
0.87836
0.89359
0.90798
0.92153

Viteza II
[m/s]
3.696
4.065
4.435
4.804
5.174
5.543

Fr
[N]
3515.446
3583.252
3647.783
3709.038
3767.017
3821.721

0.29171
0.29526
0.29856
0.30161
0.30440
0.30695
0.30924
0.31128
0.31306
0.31460
0.31588
0.31691
0.31769
0.31821
0.31849
0.31851
0.31848
0.31828
0.31779
0.31706
0.31607
0.31483
0.31334
0.31159
0.30960
0.30754
0.30735
0.30485
0.30209
0.29909
0.29583
0.29232
0.28856
0.28454
0.28028
0.27576
0.27099
0.26596
0.26069
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
1/a[V]
4.08
4.01
3.96
3.91
3.87
3.84
3.82
3.80
3.79
3.79
3.79
3.80
3.81
3.84
3.86
3.90
3.94
4.00
4.06
4.13
4.21
4.30

0.93424
0.94611
0.95713
0.96731
0.97665
0.98514
0.99279
0.99960
1.00557
1.01070
1.01498
1.01842
1.02102
1.02277
1.02369
1.02376
1.02367
1.02299
1.02137
1.01891
1.01561
1.01147
1.00649
1.00066
0.99399
0.98712
0.98648
0.97813
0.96893
0.95889
0.94801
0.93628
0.92372
0.91031
0.89606
0.88096
0.86503
0.84825
0.83063
-0.04008
-0.04008
-0.04008

5.913 3873.149
6.282 3921.301
6.652 3966.178
7.022 4007.779
7.391 4046.104
7.761 4081.153
8.130 4112.927
8.500 4141.426
8.869 4166.648
9.239 4188.595
9.608 4207.267
9.978 4222.662
10.348 4234.782
10.717 4243.627
11.087 4249.195
11.456 4251.488
11.530 4251.554
11.826 4250.505
12.195 4246.247
12.565 4238.713
12.935 4227.903
13.304 4213.818
13.674 4196.457
14.043 4175.820
14.413 4151.908
14.424 4124.720
14.782 4124.720
15.152 4094.256
15.521 4060.517
15.891 4023.502
16.261 3983.211
16.630 3939.645
17.000 3892.803
17.369 3842.685
17.739 3789.292
18.108 3732.623
18.478 3672.678
18.847 3609.457
19.217 3542.961
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

4.32
4.41
4.53
4.66
4.82
5.00
5.20
5.43
5.70
5.78
6.02
6.38
6.82
7.35
7.99
8.80
9.82
11.17
13.03
15.73
20.04
27.93
47.07
-23.70
135.25
43.46

Sd

[m]
0
2.27565
3.22205
4.23892
5.32467
6.47798
7.69779
8.98327
10.33379
11.74893
13.22844
14.77226
16.38049
18.05339
19.79139
21.59506
23.46513
25.40249
27.40817
29.48338
31.62946
33.84795
36.14053
36.60808
38.50903
40.95564
43.48257
46.09230
48.78753
51.57122
54.44659
57.41714
57.50806
60.49698
63.66966
66.94999
70.34290
73.85377
77.48846
81.25338
85.15558
89.20277
93.40345
97.76698
102.30373
107.02519
1342.23439

6.33559
8.72211
11.27029
13.97717
16.84039
19.85812
23.02906
26.35237
29.82767
33.45501
37.23484
41.16800
45.25572
49.49963
53.90173
58.46439
63.19039
68.08290
73.14550
78.38220
83.79744
84.90226
89.39595
95.18351
101.16588
107.34954
113.74159
120.34979
127.18257
134.24916
134.46561
141.58493
149.15023
156.98237
165.09445
173.50084
182.21726
191.26103
200.65118
210.40873
220.55691
231.12152
242.13126
253.61818
2348.46399
2348.46399

15.14492
20.85052
26.94451
33.42052
40.27369
47.50054
55.09887
63.11017
71.49455

80.20597
89.29163
98.75489
108.60016
118.83287
129.45947
140.48752
151.92561
163.78351
176.07212
188.80362
201.99148
204.68490
215.65007
229.79672
244.44893
259.62640
275.35074
291.64565
308.53710
326.05355
326.59097
344.29319
363.15658
382.74846
403.11056
424.28900
446.33488
469.30498
493.26253
518.27824
544.43146
571.81156
600.51967
630.67079
4161.59353
4161.59353

36.92094
50.83783
65.71951
81.58541
98.40081
116.12803
134.80011
154.42104
174.99810
196.54183
219.06600
242.58759
267.12692
292.70768
319.35709
347.10608
375.98949
406.04633
437.32011
469.85921
503.71730
510.65173
538.95237
575.63334
613.83173
653.62851
695.11355
738.38679

783.55955
830.75616
832.21076
880.32470
932.00389
986.17897
1043.04964
1102.84303
1165.81878
1232.27539
1302.55815
1377.06928
1456.28103
1540.75267
1631.15313
1728.29144
7342.32685
7342.32685

92.68658
127.68308
165.24140
205.36774
248.08148
293.41487
341.41296
392.13372
445.64844
502.04225
561.41501
623.88231
689.57684
758.65004
831.27416
907.64468
987.98335
1072.54176
1161.60583
1255.50109
1354.59937
1375.07611
1459.31714
1570.16464
1687.70014
1812.58505
1945.59482
2087.64581
2239.83061
2403.46535
2408.59732
2581.25401
2772.97834
2982.22485
3212.17178
3466.97085
3752.18973
4075.53932
4448.13961
4886.88969
5419.35454
6095.29778
7020.11616
8494.81113
-3569.47682

-3569.47682
71145.80794

5
Pr+Pa+Pp

58.050549191
63.885189386
69.728282518
75.580597034
81.442901383
87.315964015
93.200553378
99.097437921
105.00738609
110.93116634
116.86954711
122.82329686
128.79318403
134.77997708
140.78444444
146.80735458
152.84947593
158.91157695
164.99442609
171.09879179
177.2254425
183.37514667
184.60792155
189.54867276
195.74678921
201.97026446
208.21986697
214.49636519
220.80052756
227.13312253
233.49491855
77.468607362
85.285421452
93.122222215
100.98082662
108.86305164
116.77071424
124.7056314
132.66962008
140.66449725
148.69207989
156.75418496
164.85262944
172.98923029
181.16580449
189.384169
197.6461408
205.95353685
214.30817413
222.71186961
231.16644025
239.67370303
248.23547492
249.95453029
256.85357289
265.5298139
274.26601493
283.06399295
291.92556492
300.85254783
309.84675863
318.91001431

10
Pr+Pa+Pp
104.713085
115.213979
125.723325
136.241894
146.770451
157.309768
167.860611
178.423749
188.999951
199.589984
210.194619
220.814622
231.450763
242.103809
252.77453
263.463694
274.172069
284.900424
295.649526
306.420146
317.21305
328.029008
330.195033
338.868787
349.733157
360.622886
371.538742
382.481494
393.45191
404.450759
415.478808
139.633613
153.666927
167.720228
181.795333
195.894059
210.018222
224.16964
238.350129
252.561507
266.80559
281.084195
295.39914
309.752242
324.145316
338.580182
353.058654
367.58255
382.153688
396.773884
411.444955
426.168719
440.946991
443.909347
455.78159
470.674331
485.627033
500.641511
515.719584
530.863067
546.073778
561.353535

Pp=Gavasina
12
Pr+Pa+Pp
123.17547
Treapta I
135.5226
147.87819
160.24299
172.61779
185.00334
197.40042
209.8098
222.23224
234.66851
247.11938
259.58563
272.06801
284.56729
297.08425
309.61965
322.17426
334.74886
347.3442
359.96106
372.6002
385.26239
387.79767
397.94841
410.65902
423.39499
436.15708
448.94607
461.76273
474.60781
487.4821
164.22966 Treapta II
180.72258
197.23549
213.7702
230.32853
246.9123
263.52332
280.16342
296.8344
313.53809
330.2763
347.05085
363.86356
380.71624
397.61071
414.54878
431.53228
448.56303
465.64283
482.7735
499.95687
517.19475
520.64903
534.48895
551.8413
569.25361
586.72769
604.26537
621.86846
639.53877
657.27814

103.51822107
114.03544545
124.59992761
135.21596373
145.88784996
156.61988248
167.41635743
178.28157099
189.21981932
200.23539858
211.33260493
222.51573453
233.78908356
245.15694816
256.62362451
268.19340877
279.87059709
291.65948565
303.56437061
315.58954812
327.73931435
340.01796547
342.48953994
352.42979763
364.979107
377.67018974
390.50734202
403.49486
416.63703983
429.93817769
443.40256974
138.6486927
152.90464986
167.27234642
181.76194051
196.38359025
211.14745378
226.0636892
241.14245467
256.39390829
271.8282082
287.45551253
303.2859794
319.32976694
335.59703328
352.09793654
368.84263486
385.84128635
403.10404914
420.64108137
438.46254116
456.57858664
474.99937593
478.72099696
493.73506716
512.79581846
532.19178796
551.93313378
572.03001405
592.49258689
613.33101044
634.55544282

186.336006
205.135009
223.98127
242.879085
261.832749
280.846561
299.924814
319.071806
338.291833
357.589191
376.968176
396.433084
415.988211
435.637855
455.386309
475.237872
495.196839
515.267506
535.45417
555.761126
576.19267
596.7531
600.88103
617.446711
638.277799
659.25066
680.369591
701.638887
723.062846
744.645762
766.391933
248.980632
274.269783
299.670673
325.193461
350.848305
376.645363
402.594792
428.706751
454.991399
481.458893
508.119391
534.983052
562.060033
589.360493
616.894591
644.672483
672.704328
701.000285
729.570511
758.425165
787.574404
817.028387
822.956647
846.797273
876.891218
907.320381
938.094921
969.224995
1000.72076
1032.59238
1064.85001

219.10349 Treapta III

241.17924
263.30225
285.47681
307.70722
329.99778
352.35278
374.77652
397.2733
419.8474
442.50313
465.24479
488.07667
511.00306
534.02826
557.15657
580.39229
603.7397
627.20311
650.78682
674.49511
698.33229
703.11557
722.30264
746.41048
770.66009
795.05577
819.60181
844.30252
869.16218
894.1851
292.63429 Treapta IV
322.28881
352.05507
381.94322
411.96343
442.12585
472.44065
502.91798
533.56799
564.40085
595.42671
626.65574
658.09809
689.76391
721.66338
753.80664
786.20385
818.86517
851.80076
885.02078
918.53539
952.35474
959.15607
986.48899
1020.9483
1055.7428
1090.8827
1126.3782
1162.2393
1198.4763
1235.0993

186.45888395
206.02948604
225.86429204
245.98732049
266.42258993
287.19411889
308.32592592
329.84202955
351.76644831
374.12320075
396.9363054
420.2297808
444.02764549
468.353918
493.23261688
518.68776065
544.74336786
571.42345705
598.75204675
626.7531555
655.45080184
684.8690043
690.84122516
715.03178143
745.96315175
777.68713381
810.22774615
843.6090073
877.8549358
912.98955018
949.036869

are a autobasculantei depinde

viteza medie de exploatare.

ulantei ca urmare a actiunii

pe pedala de frana

333.445872
367.715173
402.248677
437.070405
472.204373
507.6746
543.505106
579.719909
616.343026
653.398477
690.910281
728.902455
767.399018
806.42399
846.001387
886.15523
926.909536
968.288324
1010.31561
1053.01542
1096.41177
1140.52867
1149.44063
1185.39014
1231.02021
1277.44289
1324.6822
1372.76216
1421.70679
1471.5401
1522.28612

391.60238 Treapta V
431.68733
472.03649
512.67386
553.62348
594.90936
636.55552
678.58597
721.02474
763.89584
807.22329
851.03112
895.34333
940.18395
985.577
1031.5465
1078.1165
1125.3109
1173.1538
1221.6693
1270.8813
1320.8138
1330.8889
1371.491
1422.9367
1475.175
1528.23
1582.1256
1636.8859
1692.5348
1749.0965

spatiul minim de franare(sfmin)[m]+Fa

=0,2

=0,4

=0,6

0
5.7817614955
23.006939104
51.323406188
90.170449186
196.39099789
348.94380505

0
3.03105846
12.0910974
27.0819055
47.8437008
105.768239
191.90028

0
2.0539035
8.2003781
18.39409
32.560714
72.381694
132.3919

0
1.55318622
6.20402593
13.9265247
24.6778938
55.017075
101.063498

Fa<>0

Fa<>0

Fa<>0

Fa<>0

=0,2

=0,4

=0,6

=0,8

2.2
2.2076923077
2.2307692308
2.2692307692
2.3230769231
2.4769230769
2.7158692049

4.2
4.20769231
4.23076923
4.26923077
4.32307692
4.47692308
4.7158692

6.2
6.2076923
6.2307692
6.2692308
6.3230769
6.4769231
6.7158692

aritia deraparii este:

=0,8

8.2
8.20769231
8.23076923
8.26923077
8.32307692
8.47692308
8.7158692

ratia gravitationala
ent de aderenta
l de inclinare transversal al drumului
ea centrului de greutate

a)/(1-BtgBeta/2hg))

9.81 m/s2
0.8
1.3 m
2.1 m

Treapta II
D
a
[m/s2]
0.19873
0.20248
0.20604
0.20940
0.21256
0.21553

0.63925
0.65208
0.66425
0.67575
0.68659
0.69676

0.21831 0.70626
0.22089 0.71510
0.22328 0.72328
0.22547 0.73079
0.22747 0.73763
0.22928 0.74381
0.23089 0.74932
0.23230 0.75417
0.23352 0.75835
0.23455 0.76186
0.23538 0.76471
0.23602 0.76689
0.23646 0.76841
0.23671 0.76926
0.23677 0.76945
0.23663 0.76897
0.23658 0.76880
0.23629 0.76783
0.23576 0.76602
0.23504 0.76354
0.23412 0.76040
0.23301 0.75659
0.23171 0.75212
0.23020 0.74698
0.22851 0.74118
0.22696 0.73587
0.22662 0.73471
0.22454 0.72758
0.22226 0.71978
0.21978 0.71131
0.21712 0.70218
0.21425 0.69238
0.21120 0.68192
0.20795 0.67079
0.20450 0.65899
0.20086 0.64653
0.19703 0.63341
0.19300 0.61962
0.18878 0.60516
0.00000 -0.04108
0.00000 -0.04108
0.00000 -0.04108

Viteza III
[m/s]
4.923
5.416
5.908
6.400
6.893
7.385

Fr
[N]
2638.777
2689.675
2738.113
2784.092
2827.613
2868.675

Treapta III
D
a
[m/s2]
0.14872
0.15144
0.15400
0.15641
0.15867
0.16077

0.47471
0.48415
0.49305
0.50141
0.50924
0.51653

Viteza IV
[m/s]
6.559
7.215
7.871
8.527
9.183
9.838

Fr
[N]
1980.729
2018.934
2055.293
2089.806
2122.474
2153.296

Treapta IV
D
a
[m/s2]
0.11083
0.11270
0.11444
0.11605
0.11712
0.11887

0.34592
0.35247
0.35856
0.36419
0.36794
0.37405

Viteza V
[m/s]
8.738
9.612
10.486
11.359
12.233
13.107

Fr
[N]
1486.783
1515.460
1542.752
1568.658
1593.179
1616.315

7.877 2907.278 0.16271 0.52327

8.370 2943.422 0.16450 0.52949
8.862 2977.108 0.16613 0.52949
9.354 3008.334 0.16761 0.54029
9.847 3037.102 0.16893 0.54489
10.339 3063.411 0.17010 0.54895
10.831 3087.261 0.17112 0.55247
11.324 3108.653 0.17198 0.55545
11.816 3127.586 0.17268 0.55789
12.308 3144.060 0.17323 0.55980
12.801 3158.075 0.17362 0.56116
13.293 3169.631 0.17386 0.56199
13.785 3178.729 0.17394 0.56228
14.278 3185.367 0.17387 0.56204
14.770 3189.547 0.17365 0.56125
15.262 3191.268 0.17327 0.55993
15.361 3191.318 0.17317 0.55960
15.755 3190.531 0.17273 0.55807
16.247 3187.334 0.17204 0.55567
16.739 3181.679 0.17119 0.55273
17.232 3173.565 0.17019 0.54925
17.724 3162.992 0.16903 0.54524
18.216 3149.961 0.16772 0.54068
18.709 3134.470 0.16626 0.53559
19.201 3116.521 0.16464 0.52996
19.216 3096.113 0.16346 0.52588
19.693 3096.113 0.16286 0.52379
20.186 3073.246 0.16093 0.51709
20.678 3047.921 0.15884 0.50984
21.170 3020.136 0.15660 0.50206
21.663 2989.893 0.15420 0.49374
22.155 2957.191 0.15165 0.48488
22.647 2922.031 0.14895 0.47549
23.140 2884.411 0.14608 0.46555
23.632 2844.333 0.14307 0.45508
24.124 2801.796 0.13990 0.44407
24.617 2756.800 0.13657 0.43252
25.109 2709.345 0.13309 0.42043
25.601 2659.431 0.12945 0.40780
0.000
0.000 0.00000 -0.04167
0.000
0.000 0.00000 -0.04167
0.000
0.000 0.00000 -0.04167

10.494 2182.272 0.12008 0.37828

11.150 2209.403 0.12115 0.38205
11.806 2234.688 0.12210 0.38536
12.462 2258.127 0.12291 0.38821
13.118 2279.721 0.12359 0.39059
13.774 2299.469 0.12414 0.39250
14.430 2317.372 0.12455 0.39396
15.086 2333.429 0.12484 0.39495
15.742 2347.640 0.12499 0.39547
16.397 2360.006 0.12500 0.39554
17.053 2370.526 0.12489 0.39514
17.709 2379.201 0.12464 0.39427
18.365 2386.030 0.12426 0.39294
19.021 2391.013 0.12375 0.39115
19.677 2394.150 0.12311 0.38890
20.333 2395.442 0.12233 0.38618
20.464 2395.479 0.12216 0.38558
20.989 2394.889 0.12142 0.38300
21.645 2392.489 0.12038 0.37935
22.301 2388.244 0.11921 0.37525
22.956 2382.154 0.11790 0.37067
23.612 2374.217 0.11646 0.36564
24.268 2364.436 0.11489 0.36014
24.924 2352.808 0.11319 0.35418
25.580 2339.335 0.11135 0.34775
25.600 2324.016 0.11045 0.34460
26.236 2324.016 0.10938 0.34086
26.892 2306.852 0.10728 0.33351
27.548 2287.842 0.10505 0.32569
28.204 2266.986 0.10268 0.31741
28.860 2244.285 0.10019 0.30866
29.515 2219.738 0.09755 0.29946
30.171 2193.346 0.09479 0.28979
30.827 2165.108 0.09190 0.27965
31.483 2135.024 0.08887 0.26905
32.139 2103.095 0.08571 0.25799
32.795 2069.320 0.08242 0.24647
33.451 2033.699 0.07899 0.23448
34.107 1996.233 0.07543 0.22203
0.000
0.000 0.00000 -0.04200
0.000
0.000 0.00000 -0.04200
0.000
0.000 0.00000 -0.04200

13.981 1638.065
14.855 1658.430
15.728 1677.410
16.602 1695.004
17.476 1711.213
18.350 1726.037
19.224 1739.475
20.098 1751.528
20.971 1762.195
21.845 1771.477
22.719 1779.374
23.593 1785.885
24.467 1791.011
25.340 1794.751
26.214 1797.106
27.088 1798.076
27.263 1798.104
27.962 1797.660
28.836 1795.859
29.709 1792.673
30.583 1788.101
31.457 1782.144
32.331 1774.802
33.205 1766.074
34.078 1755.961
34.105 1744.462
34.952 1744.462
35.826 1731.578
36.700 1717.309
37.574 1701.654
38.447 1684.614
39.321 1666.189
40.195 1646.378
41.069 1625.181
41.943 1602.600
42.816 1578.633
43.690 1553.281
44.564 1526.543
45.438 1498.420
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

Treapta V
D
0.08176
0.08287
0.08385
0.08470
0.08542
0.08601

a
[m/s2]
0.24531
0.24919
0.25263
0.25562
0.25816
0.26025

0.08648 0.26188
0.08682 0.26307
0.08703 0.26381
0.08711 0.26410
0.08706 0.26394
0.08689 0.26333
0.08659 0.26226
0.08616 0.26075
0.08560 0.25879
0.08491 0.25638
0.08410 0.25352
0.08316 0.25021
0.08209 0.24645
0.08089 0.24224
0.07957 0.23758
0.07811 0.23247
0.07781 0.23139
0.07653 0.22691
0.07482 0.22090
0.07299 0.21444
0.07102 0.20753
0.06893 0.20017
0.06671 0.19236
0.06436 0.18410
0.06188 0.17540
0.06117 0.17290
0.05928 0.16624
0.05654 0.15663
0.05368 0.14657
0.05070 0.13606
0.04758 0.12510
0.04433 0.11370
0.04096 0.10184
0.03746 0.08953
0.03383 0.07677
0.03008 0.06357
0.02619 0.04991
0.02218 0.03580
0.01804 0.02124
0.00000 -0.04219
0.00000 -0.04219
0.00000 -0.04219

1000.00

225.00

900.00

200.00

800.00

175.00

700.00

150.00

600.00

Pe (kW) C (kg/h)

250.00

125.00

500.00

100.00

400.00

75.00

300.00

50.00

200.00

25.00

100.00

n (rot/min)

5000

4600

4200

3800

3400

3000

2600

2200

1800

1400

0.00
1000

0.00

Me (N*m) c (g/kW)

Caracteristica Externa

Pe(kW
)
C(kg/h
)
Me(N*
m)
c(g/kW
)

n [rot/min]

Diagrama Fierastrau
MM

200.00

180.00

140.00

Pe [kW]

V[m/s]

120.00

Me
[N*m]
Viteza I
Viteza II

100.00

Viteza III
Viteza IV
Viteza V
Viteza VI

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

5400

5000

4600

4200

3800

3400

3000

2600

2200

1800

1400

0.00
1000

Pe[kW], Me[N*m]

160.00

Variatia acceleratiei in functie de

viteza autocamionului

4.00000

aI

3.50000

a [m/s2]

3.00000

2.50000

a II
aI
a
II

2.00000

a
III
a
IV

a III
1.50000

1.00000

a IV

aV
0.50000

a VI

0.00000
0.000

10.000

20.000

30.000

V [m/s]

40.000

50.000

6000.000

Variatia fortei la roata in functie

de viteza autocamionului

5000.000
I

F [N*m]

4000.000

II
VI
V
II

3000.000

V
III

III
2000.000

IV

V
1000.000

0.000
0.000

10.000

V20.000
[m/s]

30.000

40.000

50.000

Variatia inversului acceleratiei in functie

de viteza autocamionului

40.00

30.00

20.00

1/a [s2/m]

VI

10.00

I
II
II
I
I
V

0.00
0.000

V
10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

-10.00

-20.00

IV
I

III
II

-30.00

V [m/s]
0.9 *v

max

Caracteristica Dinamica
0.50000

0.45000

0.40000

0.35000

0.30000

DI

0.25000

D
II
D
III

0.20000

II
III

0.15000

0.10000

IV
0.05000

V
0.00000
0.000

10.000

v [m/s] 30.000
20.000

40.000

50.000

Td
4000

3500

3000

Td [s]

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0

-500

10

15

20

25

Va [m/s]

30

35

40

45

0,9*Vmax

50

50

Sd

80000

70000

60000

Sd [m]

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
0

-10000

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Va [m/s]
0,9*Vmax

50

600

Bilantul de putere

500

400
PRI
PRII
PRII
I
PRI
V
PR
V
PR
VI
a0
a5
a1
0

300

200

100

0
0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

PRI
PRII
PRII
I
PRI
V
PR
V
PR
VI
a0
a5
a1
0

Sf[m]

Variatia Sfmin in functie de viteza autovehiculului

250

200

150
Fi=0.2
Fi=0.4
Fi=0.6
Fi=0.8
Fi=0.2
+Fa
Fi=0.4
+Fa
Fi=0.6
+Fa

100

50

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

35 v[m/s]

hiculului

Variatia So in functie de viteza autovehiculului

So[m]
300

250

200

Fi=0
.2

150

Fi=0
.4

100

50

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

35v[m/s]

hiculului

Variatia deceleratiei maxime in functie de viteza autovehiculului

af[m/s2]
9

6
Column B
Column C

Column D
Column E
Column F
Column G

Column H
Column I
3

0
0

10

15

20

v[m/s]

ehiculului

Viteza critica de derapare

Vcd[m/s]
250

200

150

100

50

0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400R[m]

R[m]

Viteza critica de rasturnare

Vcr[m/s]
250.00

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400R[m]

00R[m]