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Adina ANDREI
Clinica de diagnostic Phoenix, Cluj-Napoca, România
Epidemiologie
• factori de risc:
- tabagism +++
*Burger M, W.F. Catto J, Dalbagni G. et al. Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2013; 63: 234-241
Clasificare histopatologică
→ Neuroendocrine (1%)
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011
Evaluare imagistică preterapeutică
• Diagnostic
• Stadializare
Diagnostic - cistoscopia-
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011
Diagnostic - ecografia abdominală -
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011
Diagnostic - ecografia abdominală -
TU vegetantă,
superficială
Ecografie suprapubiană
TU infiltrantă
Ecografie endovaginală
Diagnostic - CT -
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011
Diagnostic - CT -
• aspecte:
- leziune izodensă față de perete
- leziuni mari => heterogene (arii hipodense de necroză)
• carcinom uracă:
- masă TU mediană, antero-superioară față de dom
- componente hipodense (arii mucinoase)
- calcifieri periferice (50-70%) – patognomonice pt ADK uracal *
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011
Diagnostic - CT -
Diagnostic - RM -
• aspecte:
- T1WI: semnal intermediar, izo intens față de peretele vezicii, H intens față
de urină, h intens față de grasimea perivezicală
- T2WI: ușor H intens față de peretele vezicii, h intens față de urină
- captează precoce și intens substanța de contrast > peretele vezical
- difuzia (!!): restricția difuziei (hipoADC) Se 98,1% Sp92,3% VPP 100% *
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011
Diagnostic - RM -
T2 HR T1 iv fat sat
ADC difuzie
Diagnostic - RM -
T2 HR T1 iv fat sat
Diagnostic - RM -
T2 HR difuzie ADC
T2 HR T1 iv fat sat
T1 iv fat sat CARCINOM EPIDERMOID
Stadializare TNM
TNM Guidelines for the Staging of Urinary Bladder Cancer
Descriptor Definition
Tumor
Tx Primary tumor cannot be evaluated
T0 No primary tumor
Ta Noninvasive papillary carcinoma
Tis Carcinoma in situ
T1 Tumor invades connective tissue under the epithelium
(surface layer)
T2 Tumor invades muscle
T2a Superficial muscle affected (inner half)
T2b Deep muscle affected (outer half)
T3 Tumor invades perivesical fat
T3a Tumor is detected microscopically
T3b Extravesical tumor is visible macroscopically
T4 Tumor invades the prostate gland, uterus, vagina,
pelvic wall, or abdominal wall
Node
Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be evaluated
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1 Metastasis in a single lymph node <2 cm in size
N2 Metastasis in a single lymph node >2 cm but <5 cm in size,
or multiple lymph nodes <5 cm in size
N3 Metastasis in a lymph node >5 cm in size A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging –
Metastasis Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011
Mx Distant metastasis cannot be evaluated
M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis
Stadializare locală – cistoscopie-
– dimensiuni, mobilitate TU
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011, 4-36:40
Stadializare locală - CT, RM -
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011, 4-36:40
Stadializare limfoganglionară
- rotunzi >8mm *
*A.M. Shaaban, T.M. Blodgett, Diagnostic Imaging – Oncology, 1st ed. Altona, Amirsys, 2011, 4-36:40
Stadializare metastaze la distanță